(infml 口) within one's area of knowledge, interest, activity, etc 在自己的知识、兴趣、活动等范围内: This job seems right up your street. 这项工作看来正适合你做.(forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词): profitability * reversibility. /əbl; əbl/ suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) having or showing the quality of 具有或显示...性质或特点的: fashionable * comfortable.  2 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) (a) that may or must be 可以...的; 必须...的: eatable * payable * reducible. (b) apt to 有...倾向的: changeable * perishable. (forming advs 用以构成副词): noticeably * incredibly.=> -cy.suff 後缀 (with countable ns forming uncountable ns 与可数名词结合构成不可数名词) drink made from or tasting of the specified fruit 由某种水果制成的或有某种水果味道的饮料: orangeade.suff 後缀 (with ns and vs forming ns 与名词及动词结合构成名词)  1 state or condition of ...的状态或情况: bondage.  2 set or group of ...的组合或群体: baggage * a/the peerage.  3 action or result of ...的动作或结果: breakage * wastage.  4 cost of ...的费用: postage * porterage.  5 place where ...的地方: anchorage * orphanage.  6 quantity or measure of ...的数量或计量: mileage * dosage.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) of or concerning ...的; 关于...的: magical * verbal.  2 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) process or state of...: recital * survival.  (with sense 1 forming advs 与上述第1义的词结合构成副词): sensationally.=> -ian.=> -iana.suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or state of ...的动作或状态: assistance * resemblance * confidence.suff 後缀 (with ns, adjs and vs forming ns 与名词、形容词、动词结合构成名词) state or quality of ...的状态或性质: complacency * irrelevancy * presidency.suff 後缀  1 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) that is or does (sth) 处于...状态的; 进行...动作的: significant * different.  2 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person or thing that  ...的人或事物: inhabitant * deterrent.suff 後缀 (with adjs forming ns 与形容词结合构成名词) having the specified (usu negative) quality 具有某种（通常为否定的）品质: drunkard * dullard.suff 後缀 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) believing in; practising 相信...的（人）; 实行...的（人）: humanitarian * disciplinarian.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词及名词) concerned with; of 有关...的; ...的: planetary * reactionary * budgetary * commentary.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) full of or showing a specified quality 富于或显示某性质: affectionate * passionate * Italianate.  2 (forming ns 用以构成名词) (a) (group of people with a) status or function （有某种）身分或职务（的团体）: electorate * doctorate. (b) (chemistry 化) salt formed by the action of a particular acid 由某种酸的作用而形成的盐: sulphate * nitrate.  3 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词) give (to sth) the specified thing or quality 给予（某事物）某物或某性质: hyphenate * chlorinate * activate. (forming advs 用以构成副词): affectionately.=> -ion.suff 後缀 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) doing or tending to do (sth) 与做（某事物）有...关系的; 有...倾向的; 有...性质的: illustrative * imitative * talkative. (forming advs 用以构成副词): quantitatively.suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person or thing that performs the specified action 做某动作的人或事物: creator * percolator.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type or number of beds 有某种类型床的或床数的: a single-/ double-/ twin-bedded room.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) behaving in a specified way 有某种表现的:well-/ ill-/ badly-behaved children.=> belly.

/-belɪd; -bɛlɪd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a belly of the specified type 有某种类型肚子的: ,big-`bellied * `pot-bellied./-ˈbɒdɪd; -bɑdɪd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of body 有某种躯体的: big-bodied * able-bodied * full-bodied.(forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词和形容词) having a specific order, status or place of birth 按某排行、有某身分或于某地出生的: first-born * nobly-born * French-born.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词)  1 confined to a specified place 限制在某个场所的: I don't like being desk-bound (eg in an office) all day. 我不喜欢整天拴在办公桌旁（如在办公室里）. * His illness has left him completely house-bound. 他因病完全足不出户.  2 obstructed or hindered by the specified conditions 因某种情况而受阻的: fogbound/snowbound airports * Strikebound travellers face long delays this weekend. 因罢工而受阻的旅客本周末要耽搁很长时间了.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) (of a hat) having the type of brim specified （指帽子）有某种檐的: a broad-/ wide-/ floppy-brimmed hat.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (infml 口) food prepared or cooked like or with a hamburger （汉堡包式）夹馅包: a `steakburger * a `cheeseburger.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of cheeks 有某种面颊的: a rosy-cheeked boy.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of chest 有某种胸部的: ,broad-chested * ,bare-chested * She's ,flat-chested, ie She has very small breasts. 她胸部扁平（乳房很小）.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of or related to killing 杀的; 有关杀的: homicidal.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 act of killing sb 杀（人）: genocide * patricide.  2 person or thing that kills 可致死的人或物: insecticide * fungicide.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词)  1 with the specified number of corners 有某数量边角的: a ,three-cornered `hat.  2 with the specified number of participants 有某数量参与者的: The election was a three-cornered fight between Conservatives, Labour and SLD. 这次选举是保守党、工党以及社会民主党三方的较量.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) government or rule of 统治: democracy * technocracy * bureaucracy. Cf 参看 -crat.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词): handicraft * needlecraft * stagecraft.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) member or supporter of a type of government or rule 某政体或统治形式的成员或拥护者: democrat * technocrat * bureaucrat. (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): aristocratic.suff 後缀  1 (with adjs and ns forming ns 与形容词和名词结合构成名词) state or quality of 状态; 性质: accuracy * supremacy * infancy.  2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) status or position of 地位; 职位: baronetcy * chaplaincy.=> -ed.(forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词及形容词) having a specified number of decks or layers 有某数目的甲板或层面的: a ,double-/,single-decker `bus * a ,triple-decker `sandwich, ie one with three layers of bread.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) as far as a specified point 远至某一点: They stood knee-deep in the snow. 他们站在没膝深的雪里. * The grass was ankle-deep. 草深至脚踝处./-ʃənəl; -ʃənl/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of dimensions ...维的; ...方面的: A square is two-dimensional and a cube is three-dimensional. 正方形是二维的（平面的）, 而正六面体则是三维的（立体的）.suff 後缀  1 (with vs and adjs forming ns 与动词和形容词结合构成名词) condition or state of ...的状况或地位: boredom * freedom.  2 (with ns 与名词结合) (a) rank or domain of ...的职位、级别、地位或领域: dukedom * kingdom. (b) group of ...的群体: officialdom./ɪəd; ɪrd/ (usu in compound adjs 通常用以构成复合形容词) having ears of a specified kind 有某种耳朵的: the long-eared owl.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) indicating removal by surgical operation （指通过外科手术）切除, 截除: tonsillectomy * appendectomy.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) having (the characteristics of); affected with 有（某种特徵）的; 受...影响的: talented * bigoted * diseased * quick-witted ./edʒd; `ɛdʒd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having an edge or edges of a specified type 有某类刀口、边缘等的: a ,blunt-edged `knife * a,two-edged re`mark.suff 後缀  1 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person affected by 受动者: employee * payee. Cf 参看 -er, -or.  2 (with adjs, vs and ns forming ns 与形容词、动词、名词结合构成名词) person described as or concerned with 形容为...的人; 与...有关的人: absentee * refugee.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) person concerned with 与...有关的人: auctioneer * mountaineer.  2 (with ns forming vs 与名词结合构成动词) (often derog 常作贬义) be concerned with 与...有关: electioneer * profiteer.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) made of 由...制成: golden * wooden.  2 (with adjs forming vs 与形容词结合构成动词) make or become 使; 变得: blacken * sadden.=> -ance=> -ancy=> -antsuff 後缀  1 (with vs forming ns 接在动词後构成名词) person or thing that does 施动的人或事物: lover * computer. Cf 参看 -ee, -or.  2 (with ns forming ns 接在名词後构成名词) (a) person concerned with 与...有关的人: astronomer * philosopher. (b) person belonging to 属于...的人: New Yorker * villager * sixth-former. (c) thing that has 有...的东西: three-wheeler * double-decker.suff 後缀  1 (with vs and ns forming ns 与动词和名词结合构成名词) (a) place where ...的地方: bakery * brewery. (b) art or practice of ...的艺术或技术: cookery * pottery.  2 (with ns and adjs forming usu uncountable ns 与名词和形容词结合构成（通常为不可数）名词) (a) state or character of ...的状态或性质: snobbery * bravery * rivalry. (b) group or collection of ...的聚集: machinery * greenery * gadgetry.suff 後缀  1 (with proper ns forming adjs and ns与专有名词结合构成形容词和名词) (inhabitant or language) of ...的; ...的人; ...的语言: (the) Milanese * (the) Japanese.  2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) in the literary style of...的文体; ...的风格: journalese * officialese.suff 後缀 (used with ns to form adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) in the style or manner of ...的风格;...的方式: statuesque * Kiplingesque.suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) female 女的; 雌性的; 母的; 牝: lioness * actress.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The `feminine' suffixes -ess and -ette, in such words as poetess and usherette, are frequently avoided today, because it is unnecessary to make a distinction between men and women doing the same job. *-ess和-ette这两个後缀表示｀女的＇之意（如poetess和usherette）, 现在已尽量避免使用, 因无必要将做同一工作的人区分男女. The same word can often be used to apply to both sexes 同一词往往用于男女均可: author, host, manager, usher. The use of an alternative word is sometimes possible; for example, instead of headmaster or headmistress we can use headteacher. 有时可用其他词替换, 如用headteacher而不用headmaster或headmistress.suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词)  1 small 小的: cigarette * kitchenette.  2 imitation 仿制: flannelette * leatherette.  3 female 女性: usherette. =>Usage at -ess 用法见ess.=>-Y1.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having an eye or eyes of the specified kind 有某种眼睛的: a blue-eyed girl * a one-eyed man, ie man with only one eye.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with the specified type of face 有某种类型的面孔的: red-faced * baby-faced.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with the specified number of sides or aspects 有若干面或方面的: many-faceted/ multi-faceted.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) supplied by or using the specified fuel 使用某种燃料的: gas-fired central heating * a coal-fired power station.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a flavour of the specified kind 有某种味道的: lemon-flavoured sweets.suff 後缀 (with numbers forming adjs and advs 与数字结合构成形容词及副词) multiplied by; having the specified number of parts ...倍; 有...部分: tenfold * twofold.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having feet of the specified kind or number 有所述类型或数量的脚的: bare-footed * flat-footed * four-footed./fʊtə(r); `fᴜtɚ/ (forming compounds 用以构成复合词) person or thing of the specified length, height or width 某一长度、高度、宽度的人或物: a six-footer, ie a person who is six feet tall or thing that is six feet wide or long.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) child or young person in the specified form1(9) at school 某年级的学生: a sixth-former.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs and adv 用以构成形容词和副词) without; free from 无; 免除: carefree * duty-free * trouble-free.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) that is, or is intended to be, easy for the specified person to use 便于某人使用的: a user-friendly computer system.suff 後缀  1 with ns and vs forming adjs 与名词和动词结合构成形容词; full of; having qualities of; liable to 充满...的; 有...性质的; 有...倾向的: beautiful * masterful * forgetful.  2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) amount that fills 充满...的量: handful * mouthful.=> -ify.(forming adjs and advs 用以构成形容词和副词).=> -gamouscomb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) marriage or sexual union 结婚; 两性结合: monogamy * polygamy. (only in compounds 只用以构成复合词) person who regularly goes to or attends the specified place or event 常去某地或参加某活动的人: `cinema-/`concert-/`theatre-goers * He's a regular church-goer. 他按时到教堂做礼拜.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) figure with a specified number of angles 有若干角的图形: octagon, polygon, etc./-gənəl; -ˇənl/ comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of or in the shape of such a figure 有若干角形的: octagonal, polygonal, etc.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a grain(3,6) of the specified kind 有某种硬粒[颗粒/质地/纹理]的: coarse-grained * fine-grained.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 metric unit of weight 克（重量单位）: milligram, kilogram.  2 thing written or drawn 写出或画出的东西: telegram.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 instrument that writes or records 书写或记录用具: telegraph * pantograph * phonograph.  2 writing, record or drawing 书写; 记录; 图画: autograph * monograph * photograph * lithograph.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) person who does such an activity 从事该项活动的人: photographer * geographer.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs from ns ending in -graph or -graphy 和以-graph, -graphy结尾的名词构成形容词).comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 indicating a form of writing, representation, etc 表示书写、表现等的形式: calligraphy * photography.  2 indicating an art or a descriptive science 表示某种艺术或描述性的学科: choreography * geography.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with hair of the specified kind 有某种毛发的: a ,curly-haired `girl.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词)  1 having hands as specified 有某类型手的: big-handed.  2 (a) using the specified hand usually, in preference to the other 常用某只手的（而不常用另一只手）: right-handed people. (b) made by or for the specified hand 用某只手做的; 为某只手做的: a left-handed blow * a one-handed catch.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a handle of the specified type 有某类型把手的: a ,bone-handled `knife.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a head or heads as specified 有某种样子的头的: a bald-headed man.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having feelings or a nature as specified 有某种心情或天性的: kind-hearted * faint-hearted.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with heels of the specified type 有某种後跟的:,high-heeled `shoes.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having hips of the specified size, shape, etc 有某种尺寸、形状等之臀部的: a large-hipped girl.suff 後缀 (with ns or adjs forming ns 与名词或形容词结合构成名词)  1 state or condition of ...的状态或状况: childhood * brotherhood * falsehood.  2 group of ...的集体: priesthood./hjuːd; hjud/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified colour 有某种颜色的: `dark-hued * `many-hued.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having or showing the specified mood 有某种情绪的: good-humoured * ill-humoured.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) characteristic of 有...特性的: dictatorial * managerial* editorial. (forming advs 用以构成副词): officially.suff 後缀  1 (with proper ns formingns and adjs 与专有名词结合构成名词和形容词): Bostonian * Brazilian * Shakespearian * Libran.  2 (with ns ending in -ics forming ns 与-ics结尾的名词结合构成名词) specialist in 专长于...: optician * paediatrician.suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming uncountable ns 与专有名词结合构成不可数名词) collection of objects (esp publications), facts, anecdotes, etc relating to 涉及...方面的事实、轶事、物品（尤指出版物）的收藏品; ...集选; ...文献汇编: Victoriana * Mozartiana * Americana.(forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatry.

(forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatrics.=> -iatriccomb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) medical treatment of 对...的医疗: paediatrics. comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) healing or medical treatment of 对...的治疗: psychiatry. => -ability=> -able=> -ably/-ɪk; -ɪk/ suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) of or concerning ...的;关于...的: poetic * scenic * Arabic.  2 (with vs ending in -y forming adjs 与以y结尾的动词结合构成形容词) that performs the specified action 表示该动词所指动作或行为的: horrific * specific. /-ɪkl; -ɪkl/ (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): comical. 

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ic and -ical form adjectives from nouns *-ic和-ical型的形容词都是由名词派生的: scene/scenic; sociology/sociological. Some nouns form pairs of adjectives with both -ic and -ical which have different meanings 有些名词可派生出成对的有-ic和-ical这两种词尾的形容词, 但意义各异: history/historic (of great significance 指有重大意义的)/historical (belonging to history 属于历史的); economy/economic (concerned with the economy 有关经济的)/economical (not wasteful 不浪费的). Other examples are 其他例子有 comic/comical, politic/political, classic/classical, poetic/poetical. Sometimes the pairs are almost synonymous 有时这成对的形容词几乎同义: rhythmic/rhythmical. Note that the adverb is derived from the -ical form 注意副词是由-ical型派生的: comically, poetically, rhythmically, etc. /-ɪklɪ; -ɪklɪ/ (forming advs 用以构成副词): economically.suff 後缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) science, art or activity of ...的学科、艺术或活动: aesthetics * athletics * graphics * acrobatics * dramatics.suff 後缀 (chemistry 化) (with ns 与名词结合) compound of a particular chemical element （某些化学元素的）化物: chloride * sulphide.=> -y.suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词) make or become 使得; 变成: solidify * speechify.(forming advs 用以构成副词). /ɪn; ɪn/ (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (becoming dated 渐旧) (added to another word (usu a v) to indicate an activity in which many people participate 附于另一词（通常为动词）後, 表示有很多人参加的活动): a `sit-in * `teach-ins.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词): editor-in-chief, ie chief editor * commander-in-chief.(forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词).(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) using or requiring a lot of the stated thing 集约的; 密集的: a capital-intensive/labour-intensive industry.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified intentions 有某种意图的: ill-intentioned * well-intentioned.suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or condition of ...的动作或状态: confession * hesitation * competition.=> -ization=> -izationally=> -ize.

=> -ize

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 In some words ending with the sound/ aIz; aIz/ -ize and -ise are equally acceptable spellings 有些字的字尾读音为/ aIz; aIz/, 其拼写法作-ize和-ise均可: emphasize/emphasise, criticize/criticise. -ise is more common in British than in US English. *-ise的拼法在英式英语中比在美式英语中常见. In this dictionary both spellings are shown when both are possible. 在两种拼法皆可时, 本词典将之一并列出.  2 There are some words which, because of their origin, are always spelt with -ise 有些字, 因字源关系, 一向拼作 -ise: advertise (US also advertize), advise, comprise, despise, exercise, etc.  3 Some people criticize the over-use of -ize or -ise to form words such as burglarize (= `burgle') or hospitalize (= `send to hospital'). 有些人批评滥用 -ize或 -ise造字的现象, 如burglarize(= burgle)或hospitalize (= send to hospital).suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) (language or people) of the specified nationality 某国家或某民族（语言或民族）: Danish * Irish.  2 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) of the nature of; resembling ...性的; ...一样的; 像...似的: childish * bookish * stand-offish.  3 (with adjs 与形容词结合) somewhat; approximately 稍为...的; 有点儿...的: reddish * twentyish. > -ishly (with sense 2 forming advs 按上述第2义构成副词).suff 後缀  1 (with vs ending in -ize forming ns 与以-ize结尾的动词结合构成名词): baptism * criticism.  2 (a) (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) showing qualities typical of 表现有...的典型特徵、特性或状态: heroism * Americanism. (b) (with proper ns forming uncountable ns 与专有名词结合构成不可数名词) doctrine, system or movement 主义、学说、体系或运动: Buddhism * Communism. (c) (with ns 与名词结合) medical condition or disease 病的状态; 疾病: alcoholism. (d) (with ns 与名词结合) practice of showing prejudice or discrimination because of 因...的偏见或歧视: sexism * racism.suff 後缀  1 (with vs ending in -ize forming ns 与以-ize结尾的动词结合构成名词): dramatist * publicist.  2 (with ns ending in -ism 与以-ism结尾的名词结合) believer in; practiser of ...的信仰者; ...主义者; ...实行者: atheist * socialist.  3 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) person concerned with 从事...的人; ...专业人员: physicist * motorist * violinist.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ist and -ite form nouns indicating people who have certain beliefs. *-ist-ite都可用以构成名词, 指有某种信仰的人. -ist suggests a strong belief in a theory, religion, etc *-ist指对某学说、宗教等有坚定信念的人: She's a convinced Marxist, Buddhist, etc. 她是坚定的马克思主义者、佛教徒等. Nouns with -ite generally indicate a follower of someone or a member of a group. *-ite型的名词一般指某人的追随者或某集团的成员. They are often used in a derogatory way 这类名词常用于贬义: a committee full of Unionites, Thatcherites, etc 主要由工会成员、撒切尔夫人的支持者等组成的委员会.suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming ns 与专有名词结合构成名词) follower or supporter of 追随者; 支持者: Labourite * Thatcherite. =>Usage at -ist 用法见-istist.=> -ion.suff 後缀 (with ns forming uncountable ns 与名词结合构成不可数名词)  1 (medical 医) inflammatory disease of ...炎症; ...炎: appendicitis * tonsillitis.  2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) excessive interest in or exposure to 过分沉迷于...; ...迷、癖或狂: World Cup-itis.suff 後缀 (with adjs forming ns 与形容词结合构成名词): purity * oddity.suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns and adjs 与动词结合构成名词和形容词) (person or thing) having a tendency to or the quality of 有...倾向的或有...性质的（人或事物）: explosive * captive * descriptive.(forming ns 用以构成名词): immunization. (forming advs 用以构成副词): organizationally.suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词)  1 become or make like 成为...; 使像...; 使...化: dramatize * miniaturize.  2 act or treat with the qualities of 以...方式处理或对待: criticize * deputize.  3 place in 置于: containerize * hospitalize. 

=> -ise(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having leaves of the specified type or number 有某种类型的叶的; 有若干叶片的: a broad-leaved plant * a three-leaved clover.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having legs of the specified number or type 有若干条腿的; 有某类型的腿的: a ,three-legged `stool *,bare-legged * ,long-legged * ,cross-legged.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): a ,knee-length `dress * ,floor-length `curtains * a ,feature-length `film, ie about two hours long./-lɪs; -lɪs/ suff 後缀 (used widely with ns to form adjs 可与许多名词结合构成形容词) without 无; 没有: treeless * hopeless. > -lessly (forming advs 用以构成副词): meaninglessly. -lessness (forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词): helplessness.suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 用以与名词结合构成名词)  1 little 小: booklet * piglet.  2 unimportant; minor 不重要; 细小; 次: starlet.suff 後缀 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) in the manner of; similar to 类似; 像: childlike * ladylike * snake-like.

suff 後缀 (used widely with ns to form adjs 可与许多名词结合构成形容词) similar to; resembling 像...的; 类似...的; ...般的; ...样的: childlike * shell-like./lɪmd; lɪmd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having limbs of the kind specified 有某种肢体的: ,long-limbed * ,weary-limbed * ,loose-limbed, ie supple.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) little 幼小: duckling.  2 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) (usu derog 通常作贬义) person or thing connected with 与某事物有关的人或物: hireling * nursling.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having lips of the specified kind 有某种唇的: thin-lipped * tight-lipped.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) of stone or rock 石的; 岩石的: monolith * megalith. (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): palaeolithic.US = -logue.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): physiologic(al) * pathological.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) person skilled in a subject of study 某学科学者: biologist * geologist.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) talk or speech 话; 谈话: monologue * travelogue.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 subject of study 论; 学: mineralogy * sociology * theology * zoology.  2 speech or writing 语言; 文字: trilogy * phraseology * tautology.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified appearance 具有某种外观者: a ,strange-looking `place * She's not ,bad-looking, ie quite attractive. 她容貌不错./-lɪ; -lɪ/ suff 後缀  1 (used fairly widely with ns to form adjs 可与很多名词结合构成形容词) having the qualities of 具有某性质的: cowardly * scholarly.  2 (with ns forming adjs and advs 与名词结合构成形容词和副词) occurring at intervals of 每隔某时间发生: hourly * daily.  3 (used widely with adjs to form advs 可与大量形容词结合构成副词) in the specified manner 以某方式: happily * stupidly.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词)  1 (a) (with ns 与名词结合) person who lives in 在...生活的人: countryman. (b) (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) native of ...的当地人: Irishman.  2 (with ns 与名词结合) man concerned with 与...有关的人: `businessman* doorman * `postman. Cf 参看 -woman (woman). =>Usage at chair 用法见chair.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) madness or abnormal behaviour of a particular type某种疯狂的或不正常的行为: kleptomania * nymphomania.(forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) (person) affected with a mania of a particular type 患某种躁狂症的（人）: dipsomaniac * pyromaniac.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having manners of the specified type 有某种态度或举止的: ,ill-/,well-/,rough-`mannered 无礼貌的[有礼貌的/粗鲁的].(forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词) skill or quality of 有...技巧或性质: craftsmanship * sportsmanship. Cf 参看 -ship.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number or type of mast(s) 有若干船桅的; 有某类型船桅的: a two-/three-masted ship * a tall-masted yacht.suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) result or means of ...的结果或手段: development * government. (forming adjs 用以构成形容词). (forming advs 用以构成副词).(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) referred to in the specified place 于某处提及的: above-mentioned/below-mentioned, ie mentioned before/after the current passage in a book, an article, etc 上述的[下述的].comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 device for measuring (sth) 测量（某物）的仪表, 计: thermometer * voltameter.  2 poetic metre with a given number of feet1(6) （诗的）音步: pentameter * hexameter.comb form 构词成分 (used in ns expressing a given fraction or multiple of a metre1 用于表示米的分数或倍数的名词中): centimetre * millimetre * kilometre.suff 後缀 (with preps and adjs of position forming adjs 与表示位置的介词和形容词构成形容词): inmost * topmost * uppermost./maʊðd; maᴜðd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词)  1 having the specified type of mouth 有某种嘴的: small-mouthed, wide-mouthed, open-mouthed, etc 小嘴的、大嘴的、张着嘴的等.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) having the specified way of speaking 有某种说话方式的: loud-mouthed, foul-mouthed, etc 大嗓门的、说脏话的等.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having qualities or characteristics of the specified kind 具有某种本性或性格的: ,good-natured * pleasant-natured./-nɪs; -nɪs/ suff 後缀 (with adjs forming uncountablens 与形容词结合构成不可数名词) quality, state or character of ...的性质、状态或特点: dryness * silliness.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a nose of the specified kind 有某种鼻子的: red-nosed * long-nosed.suff 後缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) resembling; similar to 像...的; 似...的: humanoid * rhomboid.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) directed towards 朝某方向的: a `sports-orientated course 以体育为宗旨的课程.suff 後缀 (with vs and ns forming adjs 与动词和名词结合构成形容词): inhibitory * congratulatory.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) having the qualities or character of 具有...性质或特徵的: poisonous * mountainous * glorious. > -ously (forming advs 用以构成副词): grievously. -ousness (forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词): spaciousness.=> -pathy.

comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) doctor using a particular method of treating disease 使用某种疗法的专门医生: homeopath * osteopath.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): homeopathic * telepathic.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 method of treating disease 疗法: homeopathy * osteopathy.  2 feeling 感觉: telepathy.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) (person who is) fond of 爱好（者）: Anglophile * bibliophile. Cf 参看 -phobe (-phobia).comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 (esp abnormal) love of or fondness for （尤指不正常的）爱, 迷, 癖好.  2 inclination towards 倾向; 亲; 嗜: haemophilia. Cf 参看 -phobia.(forming adjs 用以构成形容词).comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) person who dislikes sth 憎恶某事物的人: Anglophobe * xenophobe.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) extreme or abnormal fear of 对...极端的或反常的恐惧; 恐怖: claustrophobia * hydrophobia * xenophobia. Cf 参看 -philia.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) having or showing extreme or abnormal fear of 对...极端或反常恐惧的: claustrophobic * xenophobic. Cf 参看 -phile (-philia).comb form 构词成分  1 (forming ns 用以构成名词) instrument using sound 使用声音的仪器: telephone * dictaphone * xylophone.  2 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) speaking a particular language 说某种语言的: anglophone * francophone.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of an instrument using sound 使用声音的仪器的: telephonic.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the number or type of prongs specified有某数量或类型的尖齿的: a ,four-pronged `fork * (fig 比喻) a three-pronged at`tack, ie one made by three separate forces, usu advancing from different directions.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) person or thing that raises (raise 5) 进行召集或筹措的人或事物: a `curtain-raiser, ie a short play before the main one * `fire-raisers, ie arsonists * a `fund-raiser.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): `water-/`heat-/`rust-resistant.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a rim or rims of the type specified 有某种边缘或边框的: steel-rimmed glasses 钢框眼镜 * red-rimmed eyes, eg from weeping 眼眶发红（如因哭泣）.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the stated number of rooms 有所示数目的房间的: a ten-roomed house 有十个房间的一所房子.=> -ery.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) that saves (save 1 3) the thing specified 节省的;节约的: Modern houses have many labour-saving devices, eg washing-machines, dishwashers, etc which make housework easier. 现代化的房屋有许多省力的设备（如洗衣机、洗碗机等）. * energy-saving modifications 为节能做的改装.suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) (picture of a) view of 景色（的画）: landscape * seascape.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) instrument for looking through or observing with 观察用的仪器: microscope * oscilloscope * telescope.comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): microscopic(al) * telescopic.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 observing 观察: spectroscopy.  2 use of an instrument like a microscope, telescope, etc 使用显微镜、望远镜等仪器: microscopy.(forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词和形容词)  (vehicle, etc) with the specified number of seats 有某数量座位的（车辆等）: a ,ten-seater `minibus 有十个座位的小型公共汽车 * a fast little,two-`seater, ie car 速度快的双座汽车.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified amount of sexual desire 有某程度的性欲的: a highly-sexed youth * over-sexed, ie too interested in sexual matters.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having the specified shape 具有某形状的: a ,kidney-shaped `swimming-pool 肾形的游泳池 * His figure is somewhat `pear-shaped. 他的体形有点像梨. * Rugby is played with an ,egg-shaped `ball. 英式橄榄球运动使用的是卵形的球.suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词)  1 state of being; status; office 状态; 地位; 身分; 职位: friendship * ownership * professorship.  2 proficiency as; skill 技能; 技巧: musicianship * scholarship. Cf 参看 -manship (man1).(in compound ns 用以构成复合名词) 1 person who shoots 射手: a `sharpshooter 神枪手.  2 thing that shoots 发射装置: a `pea-shooter 豆子枪 * a `six-shooter 装六发子弹的手枪.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) avoiding or not liking the thing specified 避开或厌恶某事物的: `camera-shy, ie reluctant to be photographed * a pub,licity-shy politician * You've been `work-shy all your life. 你这辈子就是不喜欢工作. (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) feeling sick(2) as a result of travelling on a ship, plane, etc 晕船、晕飞机等: `seasick * `airsick * `travel-sick * `carsick.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a specified number or type of sides （有某数目或类型的）面的, 边的: a six-sided object * a glass-sided container.(in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of eyesight 有某种视力的: short-/long-/far-sighted.=>-ion.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified size 某种大小的: a medium-sized garden.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a skin of the specified type 有某种皮肤的: dark-skinned * pink-skinned.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): thick-skulled, ie having a thick skull; stupid.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having sleeves of the specified type 有某种样式袖子的: a long-, short-, loose-sleeved shirt.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with soles of the specified kind 有某类型的脚掌、袜底或鞋底的: rubber-soled boots.suff 後缀  1 (with ns and vs forming adjs 与名词和动词构成形容词) producing; likely to 引起...的; 有...倾向的: fearsome * quarrelsome * meddlesome.  2 (with numbers forming ns 与数词构成名词) group of the specified number 某数目的一组: threesome.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a specified sound or giving a mental impression of a specified kind 有某种声音的; 使听者产生某种印象的: loud-sounding pop music 吵闹的流行音乐 * a very grand-sounding name 很响亮的名字.suff 後缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) language or jargon (esp of a particular group or organization) 语言, 术语, 行话（尤指某群体或机构的）: computerspeak 计算机术语 * newspeak 新说法（模棱两可、互相矛盾的宣传用语）.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) of or like a sphere 球体的; 球状的: ionosphere * atmosphere. (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): atmospheric.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the mood or state of mind specified 有某种情绪的; 处于某种心境的; 心地...的: ,mean-spirited * ,high-spirited `children.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) speaking in a specified way 以某种方式说话的: well-spoken * a soft-spoken man.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a stem or stems of the specified type 具有某种茎、干、梗或柄的: ,long-/,short-/,thick-stemmed `glasses * a ,straight-stemmed `flower.suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming ns 与名词和形容词结合构成名词) person connected with or having the quality of 与...有关的人; 有...品性的人: gangster * prankster * youngster./-ˈstɔːrɪd; -`stɔrɪd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having thenumber of storeys specified 有若干楼层的: a six-storeyed building 六层的大楼.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) wearing a suit of the specified kind 穿着一套某类服装的: sober-suited city businessmen.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of syllables 有...个音节的: a two-, three-, four-, etc syllabled word.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a tail of the specified type 有某种尾巴的: `long-tailed * `curly-tailed.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified flavour or taste 有某种风味或滋味的: sweet-tasting * fresh-tasting./-tempəd; -tɛmpɚd/ (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having or showing the specified type of temper 有或显出某种性情、脾气的: ,good-/,bad-`tempered * a ,hot-tempered `man * a ,sweet-tempered `child.suff 後缀  1 (with a few vs and adjs forming ns 与少数动词及形容词结合构成名词): growth * width.  2 (with simple numbers except one, two and three forming ordinal numbers 与除one、two和three以外的基数词构成序数词): sixth * fifteenth * hundredth.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a throat of the specified type or colour 有某种特点的嗓音; 有某种颜色的颈部: a deep-throated roar 低沉的吼叫 * a red-throated bird 红颈的鸟.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of tiers 有所示之排数或层数的: a three-tiered cake 三层的蛋糕 * a two-tiered system, ie one with two distinct levels 双重系统（有两个层次的）.=> -ion.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of tone1(3) 有某种音质的: silver-toned trumpets 声音清脆的小号.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified manner of speaking 有某种说话方式的: sharp-tongued 言语尖苛的.suff 後缀  1 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or process of ...的动作或过程: closure * failure * seizure.  2 (with vs or ns forming ns 与动词或名词结合构成名词) group or thing having a specific function 有某功能的团体或事物: legislature * prefecture.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a voice of the specified kind 有某种嗓音的: loud-voiced 嗓门大的 * gruff-voiced 声音粗哑的.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the type of waist specified 有某种腰身的: ,narrow-waisted * ,wasp-waisted * a ,high-waisted `garment, ie one with its waist above the waist of the person wearing it.suff 後缀 (with advs forming adjs 与副词结合构成形容词) in the direction of 向着; 朝着; 对着: backward* eastward * homeward. (forming advs or preps 用以构成副词或介词): onward * towards.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs and advs 与名词结合构成形容词和副词) in the specified direction 沿某方向: lengthways * sideways.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of wheels 有某数量的轮子的: a ,sixteen-wheeled `lorry 一辆十六轮大卡车.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) vehicle with the specified number of wheels 有某数量轮子的车: a ,three-wheeler 三轮机动车.(forming adjs and advs 用以构成形容词和副词) extending to the whole of sth 达到某处全部范围: a nationwide search * travelled worldwide.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with a will of a specified kind 有某种意志的: strong-willed * weak-willed.suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs and advs 与名词结合构成形容词和副词)  1 in the manner or direction of 以某方式、方法或沿某方向: likewise * clockwise * anti-clockwise * lengthwise.  2 (infml 口) with reference to; as far as sth is concerned 关于; 在某方面: businesswise * weatherwise * profitwise.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a certain type of intelligence 有某种智力的: ,dim-witted * ,quick-witted * ,slow-witted.(with ns forming compound ns 与名词结合构成复合名词) woman concerned with 与某事物有关的女子: `chairwoman * `horsewoman * `sportswoman. Cf 参看 -man (man1).(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) deserving of or suitable for the thing specified 值得...的; 应...的; 适于...的: noteworthy * roadworthy.=> -ion.suff 後缀  1 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or process of ...的行动或过程: inquiry * expiry.  2 (also -ie) (with ns forming diminutives or pet names 与名词结合构成指小词或昵称): piggy * doggie * daddy * Susie.suff 後缀  1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) full of; having the quality of 充满...的; 多...的; 有...性质的: dusty * icy * clayey.  2 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) tending to 有...倾向的; 易...的: runny * sticky. /eɪ; e/ n (pl A's, a's / eIz; ez/)  1 the first letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第一个字母: `Ann' begins with (an) A/`A'. Ann一字以A字母开始.  2 (music 音) the sixth note in the scale of C major  C大调音阶中的第六音或音符.  3 academic mark indicating the highest standard of work 学业成绩达最高标准的评价符号: get (an) A/`A' in biology 生物（学科）得A.  4 (used to designate a range of standard paper sizes 用以标明一系列标准纸张的规格): [attrib 作定语] an A4 folder  A4纸张大小的文件夹  即297 x 210 mm.  5 (idm 习语) A1 / 7eI 5wQn; `e`wQn/(infml 口) excellent; first rate 极好的; 头等的; 第一流的: an 7A1 5dinner 一顿美餐 * I'm feeling A1, ie very well. 我身体好极了. from A to B from one place to another 从一处到另一处: I don't care what a car looks like as long as it gets me from A to B. 我倒不在乎汽车的样子, 只要能把我从一处载到另一处就行了. from A to Z from beginning to end; thoroughly 从头到尾; 彻底地: know a subject from A to Z 精通一科目.

abbr 缩写 =  1 ampere(s): 13A, eg on a fuse 13安（如标于保险丝上者）.  2 answer. Cf 参看 Q.  3 (in academic degrees 在学位方面) Associate of: ARCM, ie Associate of the Royal College of Music 皇家音乐学院副研究员. Cf 参看 F2.

/eɪ; e/ symb 符号 (Brit) (of roads) major （指公路）A级（主干公路）: the A40 to Oxford 通往牛津的A级40号公路 * an A-road 一条A级公路. Cf 参看 B.=> A

/ə; ə; strong form 强读式 eɪ; e/ (also an / En; En; strong form 强读式 An; An/) indef art (The form a is used before consonant sounds and the form an before vowel sounds. Both are used before [C], [Cgp] or [sing] ns that have not previously been made specific. a用于辅音前, an用于元音前. 两者均用于前文未曾确指的可数单数名词或集合名词之前.)  1 one 一（个）: a man, hotel, girl, committee, unit, U-turn （一个）男人, 旅馆, 姑娘, 委员会, 单位, U形转弯 (Cf 参看 some men, hotels, girls, etc) * an egg, aunt, uncle, hour, X-ray, MP, L-plate （一个）蛋, 姑姑, 叔叔, 小时, X光照片, 下院议员, L字牌 (Cf 参看 some eggs, aunts, uncles, hours, etc) * I can only carry two at a time. 我一次只能携带两个. * There's a book on the table  is that the one you want? 桌子上有一本书--是不是你要的那一本?  2 (used with an abstract n that is restricted by the phrase which follows it 与抽象名词连用时, 该名词後须有限定性词组): There was still an abundance of food when we arrived. 我们抵达时还有很多食物. * We're looking for someone with a good knowledge of German. 我们正在找一个精通德语的人.  3 any; every 任何; 每一（个）: A horse is a quadruped. 马是四足动物. (Cf 参看 Horses are quadrupeds.) * An owl can see in the dark. 猫头鹰在黑暗中能看见东西. (Cf 参看 Owls can see...).  4 one single 单一的: He didn't tell us a thing about his holiday. 他度假的事对我们支字未提.  5 (used with ns followed byof + possess det + n + 's 与名词+ of +所有格限定词+名词+ 's连用): a friend of my father's, ie one of my father's friends 我父亲的一个朋友 * a habit of Sally's, ie one of Sally's habits 萨莉的一种习惯.  6 (used in front of two ns seen as a unit 用于可视为一体的两个名词之前): a cup and saucer 一副杯碟 * a knife and fork 一副刀叉.  7 to or for each; per 每一; 每: 2 a gallon 每加仑2英镑 * 800 words a day 每天800字 * 50p a pound 每磅50便士.  8 (often derog 常作贬义) person like (sb) 像（某人）的人: My boss is a little Napoleon. 我的老板是个小拿破仑.  9 (used with sb's name to show that the speaker does not know the person 与某人姓名连用, 表示说话者不认识此人): Do we know a Tim Smith? 咱们认识一个叫蒂姆·史密斯的人吗? * A Mrs Green is waiting to see you. 有一位格林太太正等着见你.* A Doctor Simpson telephoned. 有一位辛普森医生来过电话.  10 (used to show membership of a class 用以表示一群体中的成员): My mother is a solicitor. 我母亲是律师. * My father is a Fulham supporter. 我父亲是富勒姆足球队的球迷.  11 painting, sculpture, etc by 由...作的绘画, 雕刻等: The painting my grandfather gave me turned out to be a Constable. 我祖父给我的那幅画原来是康斯塔伯的作品.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note that the sound of the first letter of an abbreviation, not its spelling, determines the form and pronunciation of the article before it 注意用于缩写字前面的冠词, 其词形和读音取决于该缩写字的第一个字母的读音, 而不取决于其书写形式: an MP * an SRN * a UHF radio * the / TI; TI/ NSPCC * the / TE; TE/ USA.indef pron  1 a small number of people, things, places, etc; some 少数的人、物、地方等; 一些. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): I didn't get any cards yesterday but today there were a few. 昨天我没收到贺卡, 但今天有几张. * She's written hundreds of books but I've only read a few (of them). 她写了几百部书, 但我只读了（其中的）几本. (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): A few of the seats were empty. 有几个座位是空的. * I recognized a few of the other guests. 在其余的客人中, 我认识几位.  2 (idm 习语) a good few; not a few a considerable number; significantly many 相当多; 不少: There were a good few copies sold on the first day. 第一天就卖了许多本. * Not a few of my friends are vegetarian. 我朋友中不少人吃素. `have a few (usu in the present perfect 通常用于现在完成时态) drink a sufficient amount of alcohol to make one drunk or almost drunk 已醉; 微醉: I've had a few (ie a few glasses of beer, whisky, etc) already, actually. 我喝了几杯, 其实已经醉了. * She looks as if she's had a few. 她像是有些醉了. a few adv a small but significant number 少量的一定数目: a few more/less/too many 再多几个[再少几个/多余了几个].organized group of people working for the enemy within a country at war 第五纵队（战时在国内为敌人工作的组织）./ˌeɪ ˌfɔːtɪˈɔːraɪ; ˌeˌfɔrtɪ`ɔˌraɪ/ (Latin 拉) for this stronger reason 因为这一更充分理由; 更加: If he can afford a luxury yacht, then a fortiori he can afford to pay his debts. 他若能买得起豪华的快艇, 就更能匀出钱来还债了.agreement that cannot be enforced by law but depends on the mutual trust and good faith of those involved 君子协定; 绅士协定./ˌɑː lɑː ˈkɑːt; ˌɑlə`kɑrt/ (of a restaurant meal) ordered as separate items from a menu, not at a fixed price for the complete meal （指饭馆的饭菜）按菜单分别点菜的（而非定价套餐）: We only have an a la carte menu. 我们只有分类菜单. Cf 参看 table d'hote./ˌɑː lɑː ˈməʊd; ˌɑlə`mod/  1 fashionable 时髦的; 流行的.  2 (US) (of food) served with ice-cream （指食物）加上冰激凌的: apple pie a la mode 苹果饼加冰激凌./ˈeɪ levl; `e lɛvl/ (infml 口) = advanced level (advance): When are you taking A level/your A levels? 你什么时候参加（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试? * How many A levels have you got? 你在（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试中有几项及格?  Cf 参看 O level, GCSE.indef pron  1 a small amount of sth; some but not much 少量; 些微; 稍许. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): There was a lot of food but I only ate a little. 食物很多, 但我只吃了一点儿. * If you've got any spare milk, could you give me a little? 你要是有多余的牛奶, 能不能给我一些? (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): I've only read a little of the book. 这书我只读过一点儿. * A little of the conversation was about politics. 谈话中只涉及少许政治问题.  2 (idm 习语) after/for a `little after/for a short distance or time 经过很短距离或时间: After a little he got up and left. 过了一会儿他站起来走了. * We left the car and walked for a little. 我们下了汽车走了一小段路.

adv to some extent 有些; 有几分: She seemed a little afraid of going inside. 她好像有点怕往里走. * These shoes are a little too big for me. 这鞋我穿着有点大. * She was not a little (ie very) worried about the expense. 她对那笔开支相当苦恼.det (also infml 口语亦作 lots of) a large number or amount of (sb/sth) 大量; 许多: What a lot of presents! 多么多的礼物哇! * I haven't got a lot of time. 我时间不多了. * There was lots of money in the safe. 保险柜里有很多钱. * A lot of people were queuing for the film. 许多人排队等着看那部电影. * I saw quite a lot of her (ie I saw her quite often) during the holidays. 假期中我见过她很多次. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1.adv (infml 口) a little; somewhat 一点儿: This curry is a mite too hot for me! 这咖喱我觉得有点儿太辣了!/ˌeɪ ˌpɒsterɪˈɔːraɪ; `epɑsˌtɛrɪ`ɔraɪ/ (using reasoning that proceeds) from known facts to probable causes, eg saying `The boys are very tired so they must have walked a long way.' （用推理方法）由已知事实推测出原因（如说‘孩子们很疲倦, 那么他们一定走了很长的路.’） Cf 参看 a priori./ˌeɪ praɪˈɔːraɪ; `epraɪ`ɔraɪ/ (using reasoning that proceeds) from known causes to imagined effects, eg saying `They've been walking all day so they must be hungry.' （用推理方法）由已知原因推测出结果（如说: ‘他们走了一整天, 那么他们一定饿了.’） Cf 参看 a posteriori./ˈdæməkliːz; `dæməˌkliz/ (fml 文) something unpleasant,dreadful, etc that seems to be about to happen to sb, and causes a feeling of apprehension and imminent danger 达摩克勒斯剑（比喻某人将有祸事临头）: The possibility of losing her job hung over her like a sword of Damocles all last year. 去年她一直提心吊胆生怕失去工作.pref 前缀  1 (with ns, adjs and advs 与名词, 形容词, 副词结合) not; without 不; 无; 非: atheist * atypical * asexually. =>Usage at un- 用法见un-.  2 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) in the state or process of 处于...状态或过程中: awake * asleep * ablaze * adrift./ˈeɪ bɒm; `eˌbɑm/ n = atomic bomb (atomic)./ˌeɪ əʊˈkeɪ; ˌe o`ke/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (US infml 口) emphatically OK 极佳; 顶呱呱. Cf 参看 okay./ˈeɪ rəʊd; `e ˌrod/ n (Brit) major road, less important than a motorway but usu wider and straighter than a B-road A级公路（重要性次于高速公路的主干公路, 但通常比B级公路宽且直）: There's a good A-road going North -- the A1. 有一条良好的A级公路通往北方--A级1号公路.n (music recorded on the) first or main side of a single-play gramophone record （单曲唱片的）A面, 正面（上的乐曲）.abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) account (current) （往来）帐户: charge to a/c 319054 记入319054号帐户 * a/c payee only, ie on cheques 限入受款人帐户（支票上的用语）./eɪ ˈes levl; e ˌɛs lɛvl/ (in Britain) GCE examination of a standard between GCSE and Advanced level, allowing students to study more subjects than at Advanced level （英国）程度在普通中等教育证书与高级程度之间的一种普通教育证书考试, 及格者所学科目多于高级程度者./ˌeɪ ˈeɪ; ˌe `e/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (US) Alcoholics Anonymous 嗜酒者互诫协会.  2 (Brit) Automobile Association 汽车协会: members of the AA 汽车协会会员./ˌeɪ eɪ ˈeɪ; ˌe e `e/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (also the three A's) (Brit) Amateur Athletic Association 业馀体育协会.  2 (US) American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会./ˌeɪ ˈbiː; ˌe `bi/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (Brit) able-bodied seaman.  2 (US) Bachelor of Arts./əˈbæk; ə`bæk/ adv (phr v) take sb aback => take./ˈæbəkəs; `æbəkəs/ n (pl -cuses / -kEsIz; -kE9sIz/) frame with beads that slide along parallel rods, used for teaching numbers to children, and (in some countries) for counting 算盘./əˈbɑːft; <i>US</i> əˈbæft; ə`bæft/ adv (nautical 海) in or towards the stern half of a ship 在船尾; 向船尾.

prep (nautical 海) nearer to the stern than (sth); behind 比（某物）更接近船尾; 在...後面: abaft the mainmast 在船的主桅後面./əˈbændən; ə`bændən/ v  1 (a) [Tn] go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desert 离开（某人, 某物或某地）而不返回; 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃: a baby abandoned by its parents 被父母遗弃的婴儿 * an abandoned car, dwelling, fort, village 被抛弃的汽车, 被离弃的住所, 被遗弃的堡垒, 被离弃的村庄 * give orders to abandon ship, ie to leave a sinking ship 下令弃船（离开正在下沉的船）. (b) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) leave sth/sb to be taken (by sb) 舍弃某物[某人]而被（别人）取得: They abandoned their lands to the invading forces. 他们丢下了土地  遭侵略军占领.  2 [Tn] give up completely (esp sth begun) 完全放弃（尤指已开始的某事物）: abandon a project, plan, scheme, etc 放弃一项方案, 计划, 设计等 * urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的人戒烟 * He abandoned all hope, ie stopped hoping. 他放弃了一切希望. * The match was abandoned because of bad weather. 比赛因天气恶劣而取消.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself to sth (fml 文) yield completely to (an emotion or impulse) 完全屈从于（某种情感或冲动）: He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望中.n [U] freedom from worry or inhibitions 放任; 纵情: dance with wild/gay abandon 狂放地[尽情地]跳舞.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of people or behaviour) wild or immoral （指人或行为）放荡的  堕落的.n [U]  1 abandoning 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃; 放弃; 舍弃: Her abandonment of the idea upset him. 她放弃了这一意见, 他很不高兴.  2 = abandon n./əˈbeɪs; ə`bes/ v [Tn] ~ oneself/sb lower oneself/sb in dignity; degrade oneself/sb 降低自己[某人]的身分; 屈辱自己[某人]. n [U]./əˈbæʃt; ə`bæʃt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at/by sth) embarrassed; ashamed 尴尬; 羞愧: His boss's criticism left him feeling rather abashed. 老板批评了他, 他感到有些难为情./əˈbeɪt; ə`bet/ v [I, Tn] (of wind, noise, pain, etc) make or become less （指风力, 声音, 痛苦等）减小, 减少, 减轻: The ship sailed when the storm had abated. 那船在暴风雨减弱後启航了. * People are campaigning to abate the noise in our cities. 大家正在进行一场减低城市噪音的运动. n [U]./ˈæbətwɑː(r); <i>US</i> ˌæbəˈtwɑːr; ˌæbə`twɑr/ n = slaughterhouse (slaughter)./ˈæbes; `æbɛs/ n woman who is head of a convent or nunnery 女修道院院长./ˈæbɪ; `æbɪ/ n  1 [C] building(s) in which monks or nuns live as a community under an abbot or abbess 修道院.  2 [CGp] the whole number of monks or nuns in an abbey 修道院中全体修士或修女.  3 [C] church or house that was formerly an abbey 曾为修道院的大教堂或房屋: Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂./ˈæbət; `æbət/ n man who is head of a monastery or abbey 男修道院院长; 大寺院住持.(also abbrev) abbr 缩写 = abbreviated; abbreviation./əˈbriːvɪeɪt; ə`brivɪˌet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) shorten (a word, phrase, etc), esp by omitting letters 缩短（字, 词组等, 尤指省略字母）; 缩写: In writing, the title `Doctor' is abbreviated to `Dr'. 在书写时, Doctor头衔的缩写是Dr./əˌbriːvɪˈeɪʃn; əˌbrivɪ`eʃən/ n  1 [U] abbreviating or being abbreviated 缩短; 缩写.  2 [C] shortened form of a word, phrase, etc 缩写词; 略语: `Sept' is an abbreviation for `September'. Sept是September的缩写. * `GB' is the abbreviation of/for `Great Britain'. GB是Great Britain的缩写./ˌeɪ biː ˈsiː; `e`bi`si/ n [sing]  1 (Roman) alphabet, ie all the letters from A to Z （罗马）字母表, 即由A至Z所有字母: Does the boy know his ABC? 这个男孩儿认识字母了吗? 2 simplest and most basic facts about a subject 一门学科的最简单, 最基本的要点; 基础知识: the ABC of gardening 园艺入门.  3 (idm 习语) easy as ABC => easy1.

/ˌeɪ biː ˈsiː; `e`bi`si/ abbr 缩写 =  1 American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司: watch ABC 收看美国广播公司的节目.  2 Australian Broadcasting Commission 澳大利亚广播公司./ˈæbdɪkeɪt; `æbdəˌket/ v  1 [I] resign from or formally renounce the throne 退位; 逊位: King Edward VIII abdicated in 1936. 英王爱德华八世于1936年退位.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) formally relinquish (power, a high official position, etc) 正式放弃（权力, 高位等）: He's abdicated all responsibility in the affair. 他已经放弃了这件事中的一切职责.  /ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌæbdə`keʃən/ n [C, U]./ˈæbdəmən; `æbdəmən/ n  1 part of the body below the chest and diaphragm, containing the stomach, bowels and digestive organs 腹部. Cf 参看 intestine.  2 rearmost section of an insect, a spider or a crustacean 昆虫, 蜘蛛或甲壳类动物的腹部: head, thorax and abdomen 头部, 胸部及腹部. =>illus at insect 见insect之插图./æbˈdɒmɪnl; æb`dɑmənl/ adj in, of or for the abdomen 腹部中的; 腹部的: abdominal pains 腹痛 * an abdominal operation 腹部手术. /æbˈdɒmɪnəlɪ; æb`dɑmɪnlɪ/ adv./əbˈdʌkt, æb-; əb`dʌkt, æb-/ v [Tn] take (sb) away illegally, using force or deception; kidnap 诱拐; 绑架.  /əbˈdʌkʃn, æb-; əb`dʌkʃən, æb-/ n [U, C]. n./əˈbiːm; ə`bim/ adv (nautical 海) on a line at right angles to the length of a ship or an aircraft 正横（在与船身[机身]成直角的线上）: The lighthouse was abeam of the ship. 灯塔在船的正横方向./ˈæberənt; æb`ɛrənt/ adj not following the normal or correct way 不循常轨的; 不走正路的: aberrant behaviour 越轨行为./ˌæbəˈreɪʃn; ˌæbə`reʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] deviation from what is accepted as normal or right 偏差; 越轨: steal sth in a moment of aberration 一时糊涂而偷东西. (b) [C] moral or mental lapse; temporary loss of memory 失检或失常; 一时失去记忆力: Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name. 由于一种莫名的精神错乱, 他把自己的名字忘了.  2 [C] fault or defect 毛病; 差错: an aberration in the computer 计算机的差错./əˈbet; ə`bɛt/ v (-tt-)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong 唆使; 怂恿: He was abetted in these illegal activities by his wife. 他受妻子怂恿进行这些非法活动. (b) [Tn] encourage (a crime, etc) 教唆, 鼓动（犯罪等）: You are abetting theft. 你在教唆偷窃.  2 (idm 习语) aid and abet => aid. > abetter, (esp law 尤用于法律) abettor ns./əˈbeɪəns; ə`beəns/ n [U] (idm 习语) be in abeyance; fall/go into abeyance (of a right, rule, problem, etc) be suspended temporarily; not be in force or use for a time （指权利, 规则等）暂时中止; （指问题等）缓议; 暂时无效或停用: The question is in abeyance, ie left unanswered, eg until more information is obtained. 这个问题暂时搁置（如待获得更多资料时再行解决）. * This law falls into abeyance when the country's security is threatened. 当国家安全受到威胁时, 这项法规暂停实施./əbˈhɔː(r); əb`hɔr/ v (-rr-) [Tn] feel hatred and disgust for (sb/sth); detest 憎恨（某人[某事物]）; 厌恶; 讨厌: abhor terrorism, terrorists 憎恨恐怖活动, 恐怖分子./əbˈhɒrəns; <i>US</i> -ˈhɔːr-; əb`hɔrəns/ n[U] hatred and disgust 憎恨; 厌恶: have an abhorrence of war 憎恶战争./əbˈhɒrənt; <i>US</i> -ˈhɔːr-; əb`hɔrənt/ adj ~ (to sb) disgusting; hateful 讨厌的; 可恶的; 可恨的: Violence is abhorrent to his gentle nature. 他性情温和, 讨厌暴力./əˈbaɪd; ə`baɪd/ v (pt, pp abided; in sense 3 用于下述第3义时作 abode / E5bEUd; E`bod/)  1 [Tn] (esp with can/could, in negative sentences or questions 尤于否定句或疑问句中与c an/could 连用) tolerate (sb/sth); endure; bear 容忍（某人[某事物]）; 忍受; 忍耐: I can't abide that man. 我对那个人忍无可忍. * How could you abide such conditions? 这种环境你怎么受得了呢?  2 [Ipr] ~ by sth act in accordance with sth; be faithful to sth 遵守某事物; 忠于某事物: abide by (ie keep) a promise 遵守诺言 * abide by (ie observe) an agreement, verdict, ruling, etc 履行协议, 服从裁决, 遵从裁定 * You'll have to abide by (ie accept) the referee's decision. 你得遵从裁判的决定.  3 [Ipr] (arch 古) remain; continue; stay 逗留; 延续; 居留; 停留: abide at a place 住在某地 * abide with sb 和某人同住.adj enduring; permanent 持久的; 永久的: an abiding friendship, hatred, mistrust, etc 永恒的友谊, 永世的仇恨, 积久的疑忌./əˈbɪlətɪ; ə`bɪlətɪ/ n  1 [U] capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 做体力, 脑力或机械工作的能力或力量: a machine with the ability to cope with large loads 能处理大负荷量的机器 * He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力.  2 (a) [U] cleverness; intelligence 智慧; 才智: a woman of great ability 很有才能的女子. (b) [U, C] talent 天资; 天分: have a great musical ability 很有音乐天才 * We found him work more suited to his abilities. 我们给他找到了更适合他的能力的工作.  3 (idm 习语) to the best of one's ability => best3./ˈæbdʒekt; `æbdʒɛkt/ adj  1 (of conditions) wretched; hopeless （指境况）惨的, 绝望的: living in abject poverty/misery 过着极穷困[悲惨]的生活.  2 (of people, their actions or behaviour) lacking all pride; contemptible; despicable （指人, 动作或行为）无耻的, 下贱的, 卑鄙的: an abject coward 可鄙的胆小鬼 * an abject (ie very humble) apology 低声下气的道歉. adv./ˌæbdʒʊəˈreɪʃn; ˌæbdʒᴜ`reʃən/ n [U, C]./əbˈdʒʊə(r); əb`dʒᴜr/ v [Tn] (fml 文) promise or swear to give up (a claim, an opinion, a belief, etc); renounce formally 承诺或发誓放弃（要求, 意见, 信仰等）; 正式放弃: abjure one's religion 发誓放弃其宗教信仰. /ˈæblətɪv; `æblətɪv/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp the agent or instrument of an action 夺格（某些屈折语中的名词, 代词或形容词的一种格, 尤其表示动作的主动者或动作赖以进行的工具）.

adj of or in the ablative 夺格的./ˈæblaʊt; `æblaᴜt/ n [U] (linguistics 语言) systematic way in which vowels change in related forms of a word, esp in Indo-European languages (eg drive, drove, driven) 元音交替（尤指在印欧语系中, 一个词的相关形式中有规律的变化, 如 drive, drove, driven）./əˈbleɪz; ə`blez/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 burning; on fire 燃烧; 着火: set sth ablaze 点火烧某物 * The whole building was soon ablaze. 整座建筑物很快就烧起来了.  2 ~ (with sth) (fig 比喻) (a) very bright; glittering 明亮; 灿烂: The palace was ablaze with lights. 那座宫殿灯火辉煌. (b) very excited 非常激动: His face was ablaze with anger. 他满面怒容./ˈeɪbl; `ebl/ adj be ~ to do sth (used as a modal v 用作情态动词) have the power, means or opportunity to do sth 有能力, 办法或机会做某事; 能: The child is not yet able to write. 这个孩子还不会写字. * Will you be able to come? 你能来吗? * You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事.

/ˈeɪbl; `ebl/ adj (-r, -st / 5eIblIst; `eblIst/) having knowledge or skill; competent; capable 有知识或技能的; 有能力的; 有本事的: an able worker 有才干的工作者 * the ablest/most able student in the class 班上最有才华的学生.(abbr 缩写 AB) sailor who is trained and fit for all duties （受过训练能承担各种任务的）一等水兵. =>App 9 见附录9./-ˈbɒdɪd; -`bɑdɪd/ adj healthy, fit and strong 健康的; 强壮的./əˈbluːʃn; əb`luʃən/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml or joc 文或谑) ceremonial washing of the body, hands, sacred vessels, etc （对身体, 手, 圣器等的）洗礼: perform one's ablutions, ie wash oneself 沐浴./ˈeɪblɪ; `eblɪ/ adv in an able manner 能干地: They have done their work very ably. 他们胜任愉快地做完了工作./ˌeɪ biː ˈem; ˌe bi `ɛm/ abbr 缩写 = anti-ballistic missile 反弹道导弹./ˌæbnɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌæbnɪ`ˇeʃən/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 denial or renunciation (of a doctrine) 否定或放弃（某主义或学说）.  2 (also ,self-abne`gation) self-sacrifice 克己; 自制; 自我牺牲./æbˈnɔːml; æb`nɔrml/ adj different, esp in an undesirable way, from what is normal, ordinary or expected 反常的; 不正常的; 变态的: abnormal specimens, weather conditions, behaviour 异常的样品, 反常的天气, 变态行为 * be physically/mentally abnormal 身体上[精神上]不正常. /ˌæbnɔːˈmælətɪ; ˌæbnɔr`mælətɪ/ n [U, C]. /æbˈnɔːməlɪ; æb`nɔrmlɪ/ adv: abnormally large feet 异常巨大的脚./ˈæbəʊ; `æbo/ n (pl ~s) (<!> Austral sl offensive 讳, 澳, 俚, 蔑) = Aboriginal./əˈbɔːd; ə`bɔrd/ adv part, prep on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp US) a bus 在船, 飞机, 火车或公共汽车上（在美式英语中尤指公共汽车）; 上船, 飞机, 火车或公共汽车: We went/climbed aboard. 我们上了船（或飞机, 车等）. * Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐这船（或飞机, 车等）! * All aboard! ie The ship, etc is about to depart. 请各位上船（或飞机, 车等）! * He was already aboard the ship. 他已经上船了./əˈbəʊd; ə`bod/ n [sing] (fml or rhet or joc  文或修辞或谑)  1 house; home 房屋; 家: one's place of abode, ie where one lives 居住处（住所） * Welcome to our humble abode! 欢迎光临寒舍!  2 (idm 习语) no fixed abode/address => fix1.

pt, pp of abide 3./əˈbɒlɪʃ; ə`bɑlɪʃ/ v [Tn] end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc) 废除, 废止（习俗, 制度等）: Should the death penalty be abolished? 应该废除死刑吗? /ˌæbəˈlɪʃn; ˌæbə`lɪʃən/ n [U] abolishing or being abolished 废除; 废止: the abolition of slavery, hanging 奴隶制度, 绞刑的废除. /ˌæbəˈlɪʃənɪst; ˌæbə`lɪʃənɪst/ n person who favours abolition, esp of capital punishment 废除论者; （尤指）主张废除死刑者./əˈbɒmɪnəbl; <i>US</i> -mən-; ə`bɑmənəbl/ adj  1 ~(to sb) (fml 文) causing disgust; detestable 讨厌的; 可恶的: Your behaviour is abominable to me. 我讨厌你的行为.  2 (infml 口) very unpleasant 令人很不愉快的: abominable weather, food, music 糟糕的天气, 食物, 音乐. = yeti./əˈbɒmɪnəblɪ; <i>US</i>-mən-; ə`bɑmənəblɪ/ adv./əˈbɒmɪneɪt; <i>US</i> -mən-; ə`bɑməˌnet/ v [Tn] feel hatred or disgust for (sth/sb); detest; loathe 憎恨; 厌恶; 讨厌; 憎恶: I abominate fascism. 我憎恨法西斯主义./əˌbɒmɪˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> -mən-; ə`bɑmə`neʃən/ n  1 [U] feeling of disgust and extreme hatred 深恶痛绝: hold sth in abomination 憎恶某事物.  2 [C] act, habit, person or thing that is hated 令人憎恶的行为, 习惯, 人或事物: That new concrete building is an abomination. 那座新的混凝土建筑物是个讨厌的东西./ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl; ˌæbə`rɪdʒənl/ adj (esp of people) inhabiting a land from a very early period, esp before the arrival of colonists （尤指人）从很早的时期（尤指殖民者到来之前）就居住于某地的; 土著的: aboriginal inhabitants, plants 土著居民, 土生植物.

n  1 aboriginal inhabitant 土著; 土人.  2 (also Aboriginal) aboriginal inhabitant of Australia 澳大利亚土人./ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənɪ; ˌæbə`rɪdʒəˌnɪ/ n (infml 口) aboriginal inhabitant 土著; 土人./ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəniːz; ˌæbə`rɪdʒəˌniz/ n [pl] aboriginal inhabitants, esp (Aborigines) those of Australia （尤指澳大利亚的）土著居民./əˈbɔːt; ə`bɔrt/ v  1 (medical医) (a) [Tn] cause (sb/sth) to undergo abortion 使流产; 使堕胎: abort an expectant mother, a deformed foetus, the pregnancy 为孕妇, 因为胎儿畸形, 为终止妊娠做人工流产. (b) [I] undergo abortion; miscarry 流产; 小产: She aborted after four months. 她怀孕四个月後流产了.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) end prematurely and unsuccessfully （使某事物）中止, 夭折: abort a space mission, ie cancel it in space, usu because of mechanical trouble 中止一次航天任务（通常因机械故障而在太空中取消该任务） * abort a computer program 中止计算机的程序.adj  1 undeveloped 未发育的.  2 (biology 生) rudimentary 发育不全的; 退化的: Thorns are aborted branches. 植物的刺是退化的枝./əˈbɔːʃn; ə`bɔrʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] (esp deliberately induced) expulsion of a foetus from the womb before it is able to survive, esp in the first 28 weeks of pregnancy 人工流产; 堕胎; 打胎: Many people are anti-abortion. 很多人反对人工流产. (b) [C]: operation to terminate a pregnancy 人工流产手术 * She had an abortion. 她做了人工流产. Cf 参看 miscarriage 1.2 [C] project or action that has failed completely 已经完全失败的计划或行动./əˈbɔːʃənɪst; ə`bɔrʃənɪst/ n person who performs abortions, esp illegally 为人堕胎者（尤指非法者）./əˈbɔːtɪv; ə`bɔrtɪv/ adj coming to nothing; unsuccessful 落空的; 失败的: an abortive attempt, coup, mission 落空的尝试, 政变, 任务 * plans that proved abortive 终归失败了的计划. adv./əˈbaʊnd; ə`baᴜnd/ v  1 [I] be very plentiful; exist in great numbers 非常多; 大量存在: Oranges abound here all the year round. 这  一年到头都有很多橙子.  2 [Ipr] ~ in/with sth have sth in great numbers or quantities 有大量某物: The river abounds in/with fish. 这条河里有很多鱼./əˈbaʊt; ə`baᴜt/ adv  1 (also esp US around) a little more or less than; a little before or after; approximately 比...稍多或稍少; 在...稍前或稍後; 大约; 左右: It costs about 10. 这需10英镑左右. * He's about the same height as you. 他大约像你那么高. * She drove for about ten miles. 她开车行驶了大约十英里. * They waited for about an hour. 他们等了大约一个小时.  2 (infml 口) nearly 将近: I'm (just) about ready. 我（就）快准备好了.  3 (infml 口) (in understatements 用于含蓄的言语): I've had just about enough, ie quite enough. 我已经差不多够了（十分够了）. * He's been promoted, and about time too, ie it ought to have happened earlier. 他获提升了, 也差不多到时候了（早就该提升了）.  4 (idm 习语) that's about `it/the `size of it (infml 口) that is how I see it or assess it 大致如此[大小差不多]（据我所看到或估计到的）.

/əˈbaʊt; ə`baᴜt/ adv part (in senses 1, 2 and 3 esp Brit; in these senses also, esp US, around1  2  3义尤用于英式英语; 这些词义, 尤于美式英语, 也可用around)  1 (a) (indicating movement) here and there, in many directions; all around （表示动向）到处, 各处, 处处: The children were rushing a`bout. 孩子们到处乱闯. * The boys were climbing about on the rocks. 男孩子都在岩石上乱爬呢. (b) (indicating position) here and there (in a place) （表示位置）（在某一地方）到处; 各处: books lying about on the `floor 散置地上的书 * people sitting about on the `grass 在草地上各处坐着的人们.  2 in circulation; moving around 在传播中; 在流动中; 在周围活动: There was nobody a`bout, ie Nobody was to be seen. 周围没有人. * There's a lot of `flu about, ie Many people have flu. 有许多人患流感. * He'll soon be a`bout again, eg after an illness. 他不久就又能四处走动了（如病愈後）.  3 somewhere near; not far off 附近; 不远: She's `somewhere about. 她就在附近.  4 facing around 向後转: put the ship a`bout, ie so as to face in the opposite direction 使船掉头（转成相反的方向） * It's the wrong way a`bout. 刚好相反了. * A,bout `turn! ie Turn to face the opposite way (as a military command). 向後转! （军事口令）.

/əˈbaʊt; ə`baᴜt/ prep (in senses 1, 2 and 5 US around; Brit also around in these senses  1  2  5义, 美式英语用around; 这些词义, 英式英语也可用around)  1 (a) (indicating movement) here and there in (a place); in many directions in （表示动向）在...到处, 在...各处: walking about the town 在城  到处走 * travelling about the world 环游世界 * Look a`bout you. 看看你的周围.  (b) (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place); at points throughout （表示位置, 状况等）在（某地）到处; 在所有各点: papers strewn about the room 散置于室内各处的文件.  2 near to (a place); not far off from 在...附近; 离...不远: She's somewhere about the place. 她就在附近. * I dropped the key somewhere about here. 我把钥匙掉在这儿附近了.  3 on the subject of (sb/sth); in connection with; concerning or regarding 关于; 对于; 有关: a book about flowers 关于花卉的书 * Tell me about it. 把这件事告诉我. * What is he so angry about? 他对什么事这么生气? * He is careless about his personal appearance. 他对自己的仪表毫不在意. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 concerned or occupied with (sth) 从事于; 忙于: And while you're a`bout it..., ie while you're doing that... 在你做那件事的时候... * Mind what you're about, ie Be careful. 注意你正在做的事（小心）.  5 at a time near to; at approximately 将近...的时候; 大约在...: He arrived (at) about ten o'clock. 他大约（在）十点钟到的.  6 (idm 习语) be about to do sth intend to do sth immediately; be on the point of doing sth 即将; 正要: As I was about to say when you interrupted me... 我正要说的时候, 你插嘴了... * We're about to start. 我们即将动身. * I'm not about to admit defeat, ie I have no intention of doing so. 我还不想认输.  how/what about...? (a) (used when asking for information or to get sb's opinion 用以询问消息或徵求意见): What about his qualifications (ie Is he qualified) for the job? 他有资格做这件工作吗? (b) (used when making a suggestion 用以提出建议): How about going to France for our holidays? 咱们到法国去度假好吗?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both about and on can mean `on the subject of'. *about和on均意为‘关于’. A book, film or lecture on Chinese art, education or prehistory suggests a serious, academic presentation. 在关于中国的艺术, 教育或史前时期的书, 电影或演讲中, 用on意味着具有严肃的学术性的内容. A book, discussion or TV programme about China, schools or dinosaurs is of more general interest and more informal. 在关于中国, 学校或恐龙的书, 讨论会或电视节目中, 用about则更具一般性和通俗性.n  1 turn made so as to face the opposite direction 向後转.  2 (fig 比喻) complete change of opinion, policy, etc 意见, 政策等完全改变: These new measures indicate an about-turn in government policy. 这些新措施表明政府的政策彻底改变了./əˈbʌv; ə`bʌv/ adv  1 at or to a higher point; overhead 在较高处; 到较高处; 在头顶上方: My bedroom is immediately above. 我的卧室就在上面. * Put the biscuits on the shelf above. 把饼乾放到上面的架子上. * Seen from above, the fields looked like a geometrical pattern. 从高处往下看, 那些农田像是几何图案. * A voice called down to us from above. 从上面传来叫我们的声音.  2 earlier or further back (in a book, an article, etc) （书, 文章等的）前文, 上文: in the above paragraph 在上一段 * As was stated above... 如上所述... * See above, page 97 见前文, 第97页.  3 (rhet 修辞) in or to heaven 在天上; 到天上: the powers above 上天神明 * blessings from above 上天的祝福 * gone above 上天堂了. Cf 参看 below, under, underneath.

/əˈbʌv; ə`bʌv/ prep  1 (a) higher than (sth) 高于; 在...之上: The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳已升到地平线之上. * The water came above our knees. 水没过了我们的膝部. * We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行. (Cf 参看 We were flying over/across the Sahara.) (b) higher in rank, position, importance, etc than (sb/sth) 级别, 地位, 重要性等高于...: A captain in the Navy ranks above a captain in the Army. 海军的captain（上校）军阶高于陆军的captain（上尉）. * She married above her, ie married sb from a higher social class than herself. 她嫁给了社会地位比她高的人.  2 greater in number, price, weight, etc than (sth) 数目, 价钱, 重量等超过...: The temperature has been above the average recently. 近来的气温一直比平均温度高. * There's nothing in this shop above/over a dollar. 这个店  没有一样东西价钱超过一元. * It weighs above/over ten tons. 这东西的重量超过十吨. * Applicants must be above/over the age of 18. 申请人年龄必须超过18岁.  3 (fml 文) more than (sb/sth) 超过; 胜过: Should a soldier value honour above life? 军人应视荣誉重于生命吗?  4 beyond the reach of (sth) because too good, great, etc （因优良, 出色等）超出...的范围: He is above suspicion, ie is not suspected because he is completely trusted. 他无可怀疑（因为他是可以完全信赖的人, 所以不受怀疑）. * Her behaviour was above/beyond reproach. 她的行为是无可指责的.  5 too good, etc for (sth) （因好, 优越等）不做, 不为, 不屑: She wouldn't lie  she's above that. 她不至于说谎--她不屑做那种事. * She is above deceit, ie is not deceitful. 她不会骗人的. * Although she's the manager, she's not above asking (ie she isn't too proud to ask) for advice from her staff. 她虽身为经理, 却并不耻于向下属请教.  6 upstream from (a place) 在（一处）的上游: the waterfall above the bridge 在桥的上游的瀑布.  7 (idm 习语) above `all most important of all; especially 最重要的; 尤其: He longs above all (else) to see his family again. 他尤其渴望再见到家  的人.  a`bove oneself too pleased with oneself; conceited; arrogant 兴高采烈; 得意忘形; 自高自大; 趾高气扬. Cf 参看 below, under, underneath.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 When they indicate a position higher than something, above and over can often be used in the same way *above和over表示‘在比某物高的位置’时, 用法往往相同: They built a new room above/over the garage. 他们在车房上面加盖了一个房间.  2 When there is movement across something, only over can be used 在表示一动作越过某物时, 只能用 over: She threw the ball over the fence. 她把球扔过了篱笆. *  jump over the stream 跳过小溪.  3 Over can also mean `covering' *over还可表示‘盖着’的意思: Pull the sheet over the body. 拉起被单盖住身体. *  Throw the water over the flames. 把水泼在火焰上.  4 Over and above can mean `more than' in number, measurement, etc. *over和above可以表示在数目或量度上等等‘多于’的意思. Above is generally used in relation to a minimum or standard *above一般用于表示与‘最低限度’或‘标准’有关的事物: 2000 ft above sea-level 海拔2000英尺 *  above average intelligence/height 在一般智力[高度]以上 *  two degrees above zero 零上二度 *  He's over fifty. 他已年过半百. *  She's been here over two hours. 她在这已超过两小时了.adv, adj => above board (board1).adjs mentioned or named earlier (in this book, article, etc) （在本书中, 在本文中等）上述的. Cf 参看 undermentioned.=> above-mentioned/ˌæbrəkəˈdæbrə; ˌæbrəkə`dæbrə/ n, interj meaningless word said as a supposedly magic formula esp by conjurors while performing magic tricks 咒语（尤指魔术师表演魔术时所说的）: `Abracadabra,' said the conjuror as he pulled the rabbit from the hat. 魔术师口中念念有词, 把兔子从礼帽中掏了出来./əˈbreɪd; ə`bred/ v [Tn] wear away (skin, fabric, rock, etc) by rubbing; scrape off 磨损（表皮, 织物, 岩石等）; 刮除./əˈbreɪʒn; ə`breʒən/ n  1 [U] scraping or wearing away; rubbing off 刮除; 磨损; 擦掉.  2 [C] damaged area, esp of the skin, caused by rubbing, etc 擦伤处（尤指皮肤因磨擦等造成者）./əˈbreɪsɪv; ə`bresɪv/ adj  1 that scrapes or rubs sth away; rough 有研磨作用的; 粗糙的: abrasive substances, surfaces, materials 研磨剂, 研磨面, 研磨材料.  2 (fig 比喻) tending to hurt other people's feelings; harsh and offensive 伤人感情的; 粗鲁的; 粗暴的: an abrasive person, personality, tone of voice 粗鲁的人, 粗暴的个性, 粗俗的语气.

n [U, C] substance used for grinding or polishing surfaces （用以研磨或抛光表面的）磨料./əˈbrest; ə`brɛst/ adv  1 ~ (of sb/sth) side by side (with sb/sth) and facing the same way 并列; 并排: cycling two abreast 两辆自行车并行 * The boat came abreast of us and signalled us to stop. 小船开过来与我们并排, 发出讯号要我们停下.  2 (idm 习语) be/keep abreast of sth be or remain up to date with or well-informed about sth 跟上某事物: You should read the newspapers to keep abreast of current affairs. 应该看报以便了解时事./əˈbrɪdʒ; ə`brɪdʒ/ v [Tn] make (a book, etc) shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense 删节, 节略（书等）: an abridged edition/version of `War and Peace' 《战争与和平》的节略版[节本].n  1 [U] shortening of a book, etc （书等的）删节, 节略.  2 [C] book, etc that has been abridged 节本; 摘要./əˈbrɔːd; ə`brɔd/ adv  1 in or to a foreign country or countries; away from one's own country 在国外; 到国外; 出国: be, go, live, travel abroad 在外国[出国/旅居外国/到外国] * visitors (who have come) from abroad, ie from another country 外国（来的）游客.  2 being circulated widely 广泛流传: There's a rumour abroad that..., ie People are saying that.... 谣言盛传, 说是....  3 (arch or rhet 古或修辞) out of doors 户外; 室外: Have you ventured abroad yet today? 你今天敢出门了吗?/ˈæbrəgeɪt; `æbrəˌˇet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) cancel, repeal or annul (sth) 废止; 废除; 取消; 宣告无效: abrogate a law, custom, treaty 废除一法例, 习俗, 条约.  /ˌæbrəˈgeɪʃn; ˌæbrə`ˇeʃən/ n [U, C]./əˈbrʌpt; ə`brʌpt/ adj  1 sudden and unexpected 突然的; 意外的: a road with many abrupt turns 一条有很多急转弯的路 * an abrupt ending, change, departure 突如其来的终止, 骤然的变化, 突然的离去.  2 (a) (of speech, etc) not smooth; disconnected; disjointed （指言语等）不流畅的, 不连贯的, 支离的: short abrupt sentences 短小而不连贯的句子 * an abrupt style of writing 不流畅的文体. (b) (of behaviour) rough; curt （指行为）粗鲁的, 唐突的: He has an abrupt manner, ie makes no attempt to be polite. 他举止粗鲁.  3 (of a slope) very steep （指斜坡）陡峭的.  adv. n [U]./ˈæbsɪs; `æbˌsɪs/ n swollen part of the body in which a thick yellowish liquid (called pus) has collected 脓肿: abscesses on the gums 齿龈脓肿./əbˈskɒnd; əb`skɑnd/ v 1 [I, Ipr] ~(from...) go away suddenly and secretly, esp in order to avoid arrest 潜逃; 逃亡: He absconded from the country. 他已潜逃出境.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth go away taking sth to which one has no right 携赃潜逃: He absconded with￡8000 stolen from his employer. 他偷了雇主8000英镑, 携赃潜逃了./ˈæbseɪl; `æbsel/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] (in mountaineering) descend a steep slope or vertical rock face by using a double rope that is fixed at a higher point （在登山运动中, 使用固定于高处的双摺绳沿悬崖峭壁）缘绳下降: abseil down the mountain 从山坡上缘绳下降.

n act of abseiling 缘绳下降./ˈæbsəns; `æbsns/ n  1 ~ (from...) (a) [U] being away 缺席; 离开; 不在某处: His repeated absence (from school) is worrying. 他一再缺课使人担忧. * It happened during/in your absence. 那是当你不在的时候发生的. * In the absence of the manager (ie While he is away) I shall be in charge. 经理不在的时候, 由我负责. * during his absence in America, ie while he was there 当他不在此地而在美国的期间. (b) [C] occasion or time of being away 不在某处的次数或时间: numerous absences from school 无数次的缺课 * throughout his long absence 在他长期不在（某处）的期间 * after an absence of three months 在离开三个月之後. Cf 参看 presence.  2 [U] lack; non-existence 缺乏; 不存在: the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据.  3 (idm 习语) ,absence of `mind failure to think about what one is doing; absent-mindedness 心不在焉; 神不守舍. conspicuous by one's absence => conspicuous. leave of absence => leave2./ˈæbsənt; `æbsnt/ adj  1 ~ (from sth) (a) not present (at sth); at another place (than...) 不在场的; 在别处的: be absent from school, a meeting, work 不上学, 不到会, 缺勤 * absent friends 不在场的朋友们. (b) not existing; lacking 不存在的; 缺少的; 无: Love was totally absent from his childhood. 他童年时代没受到丝毫的疼爱.  2 showing that one is not really thinking about what is being said or done around one 茫然的; 恍惚的: an absent expression, look, etc 茫然的表情, 样子等.

/əbˈsent; əb`sɛnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (from sth) (fml 文) not be present (at sth); stay away (from sth) 不在; 不参与: He deliberately absented himself from the meeting. 他故意不到会.adj with one's mind on other things; forgetful 心不在焉的; 健忘的: become absent-minded with age 因上了年纪而变得丢三落四. adv. n [U]./ˌæbsənˈtiː; ˌæbsn`ti/ n person who is absent 不在者; 缺席者; 缺勤者.(US) voting in advance by people (absentee voters) who will be away on the day of an election 缺席选举人票（选举人将于选举日缺席而提前投的选票）.person who does not live at and rarely visits the property he lets （不居于产权所在地也很少到该地的）遥领地主, 房主或业主./ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm; ˌæbsn`tiˌɪzəm/ n [U] frequent absence from school or work, esp without good reason （经常性的）旷课, 旷工, 旷职（尤指无正当理由者）./ˈæbsɪnθ; `æbsɪnθ/ n [U] bitter green alcoholic drink made with wormwood and other herbs 苦艾酒（一种苦味绿色的含酒精饮料, 由苦艾及其它芳香植物调制而成）./ˈæbsəluːt; `æbsəˌlut/ adj  1 (a) complete; total 绝对的; 完全的; 全部的: have absolute trust in a person 对一个人绝对的信任 * tell the absolute truth 绝对说实话 * absolute ignorance, silence 全然无知, 寂然无声 * You're an absolute fool! 你是个十足的傻瓜! (b) certain; undoubted 肯定的; 无疑的: have absolute proof 有确凿的证据 * It's an absolute fact. 这是千真万确的事实.  2 unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified 无限制的; 不受约束的; 无条件的: absolute power 绝对的权力.  3 having unlimited power; despotic 有无限权力的; 专制的: an absolute ruler 专制统治者.  4 not relative; independent 非相对的; 独立的: There is no absolute standard for beauty. 美是没有绝对的标准的.majority over all rivals combined; more than half 绝对多数; 超过半数.lowest temperature that is theoretically possible 绝对零度（理论上的最低温度）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈæbsəluːtlɪ; ˌæbsə`lutlɪ/ adv  1 completely 绝对地; 完全地: It's absolutely impossible. 这是绝对不可能的. * You're absolutely right. 你完全正确.  2 unreservedly; unconditionally 无保留地; 无条件地: I absolutely refuse. 我全然拒绝. * He believes absolutely that.... 他完全相信....  3 not relatively; in an absolute(4) sense 非相对地; 独立地: The term is being used absolutely. 这个词语是独立使用的.  4 (used to give emphasis 用以加强语气) positively 确实地; 全然地: It's absolutely pouring down. 大雨真是倾盆而下. * He did absolutely no work, ie no work at all. 他简直什么都没干.  5 / 9AbsE5lu:tlI; 9AbsE`lutlI/ (infml 口) (used in answer to a question or as a comment 用于回答问题或用作评语) yes; certainly; quite so 正是; 当然; 对极了: `Don't you agree?' `Oh, absolutely!' ‘你同意吧?’‘噢, 当然!’/ˌæbsəˈluːʃn; ˌæbsə`luʃən/ n [U] (esp in the Christian Church) formal declaration by a priest that a person's sins have been forgiven （尤指基督教中, 由教士对某人）宣布赦罪, 解罪: grant sb absolution 赦免某人的罪 * pronounce absolution 宣读赦罪文./ˈæbsəluːtɪzəm; `æbsəlutˌɪzəm/ n [U] (politics 政) (a) principle that those responsible for government should have unlimited power 专制主义. (b) government with unlimited power 专制统治. n./əbˈzɒlv; əb`zɑlv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/of sth) 1 (fml esp law  文, 尤用于法律) clear sb (of guilt); declare sb free (from blame, a promise, a duty, etc) 开脱某人（的罪责）; 宣布免除某人（所受的责难, 要履行的诺言, 要负的责任等）: The court absolved the accused man (from all responsibility for her death). 法官判决被告无罪（对她的死亡不必负任何责任）.  2 give absolution to sb 赦免某人的罪责: absolve repentant sinners 赦免悔改的罪人./əbˈsɔːb; əb`sɔrb/ v [Tn]  1 (a) take (sth) in; suck up 吸收（某事物）; 吸进: absorb heat 吸热 * Plants absorb oxygen. 植物吸收氧气. * Dry sand absorbs water. 乾沙吸水. * Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了. * (fig 比喻) Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明孩子容易吸收知识. (b) include (sth/sb) as part of itself or oneself; incorporate; merge with 将（某物[某人]）合并; 并吞; 同化: The larger firm absorbed the smaller one. 那大公司并吞了那小公司. * The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市.  2 reduce the effect of (an impact, a difficulty, etc) 减轻（冲击, 困难等的）作用或影响: Buffers absorbed most of the shock. 缓冲器使震动减少了许多.  3 hold the attention or interest of (sb) fully 完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣: His business absorbs him. 他专心致志地处理业务.adj with one's attention fully held 精神集中的: absorbed in her book 埋头读她的书./-ənt; -ənt/ n, adj (substance) that is able to take in moisture, etc 能吸收水分等的（物质）: absorbent cotton wool 脱脂棉.adj holding the attention fully 十分吸引人的: an absorbing film 引人入胜的影片./əbˈsɔːpʃn; əb`sɔrpʃən/ n [U] ~ (by/in sth) absorbing or being absorbed 吸收; 专心致志; 全神贯注: His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. 他热中于运动而影响了工作./əbˈsteɪn; əb`sten/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth)  1 keep oneself from doing or enjoying sth, esp from taking alcoholic drinks; refrain 戒（尤指酒）; 戒除.  2 decline to use one's vote 弃权（不投票）: At the last election he abstained (from voting/the vote). 上次选举时他弃权了（没投票）.n person who abstains 戒酒者; （投票）弃权者: a total abstainer, ie one who never takes alcoholic drinks 绝对戒酒的人./əbˈstiːmɪəs; əb`stimɪəs/ adj not taking much food or drink; not self-indulgent; moderate 饮食有度的; 有节制的; 适度的: an abstemious person, meal 饮食有度的人, 节俭的一餐 * abstemious habits 节制饮食的习惯. adv. n [U]./əbˈstenʃn; əb`stɛnʃən/ n (a) [U] ~ (from sth) abstaining, esp not using one's vote at an election 弃权（尤指不投选票）. (b) [C] instance of this 弃权票: five votes in favour of the proposal, three against and two abstentions 五票赞成该项提议, 三票反对, 两票弃权./ˈæbstɪnəns; `æbstənəns/ n [U] ~ (from sth) abstaining, esp from food or alcoholic drinks 禁绝（尤指食物或酒）: total abstinence 完全戒酒. /ˈæbstɪnənt; `æbstənənt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语]./ˈæbstrækt; `æbstrækt/ adj  1 existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的: We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract. 我们尽可谈论美的事物, 然而美本身却是抽象的. * He has some abstract (ie vague, impractical) notion of wanting to change the world. 他有一种要改造世界的空想.  2 (of art) not representing objects in a realistic way but expressing the artist's ideas and feelings about certain aspects of them （指艺术）抽象派的: an abstract painting, painter 抽象画, 抽象派画家. Cf 参看 concrete1 1.

/ˈæbstrækt; æb`strækt/ n  1 abstract idea or quality 抽象; 抽象的概念; 抽象性.  2 example of abstract art 抽象派艺术品: a painter of abstracts 抽象画的画家.  3 short account of the contents of a book, etc; summary （书籍等的）摘要; 概括: an abstract of a lecture 讲演的摘要.  4 (idm 习语) in the `abstract in a theoretical way 抽象地; 在理论上: Consider the problem in the abstract, ie as if it had no relation to any specific object, person, fact, etc. 就事论事地考虑一下这一问题（假定不涉及任何具体对象, 个人, 事实等）.

/əbˈstrækt; əb`strækt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) remove sth; separate sth (from sth) 除去某物; （从某物中）提取, 抽取或分离出某物: abstract metal from ore 从矿砂中提取金属.  2 [Tn] make a written summary of (a book, etc) 摘录（书等的）要点.noun that refers to an abstract quality or state, eg goodness or freedom 抽象名词（如goodness或freedom）./æbˈstræktɪd; æb`stræktɪd/ adj thinking of other things; not paying attention 心不在焉的; 走神儿的. adv./əbˈstrækʃn; əb`strækʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ of sth (from sth) removing; taking away 除掉; 去掉; 拿走; 提取; 抽取.  2 [C] abstract idea 抽象概念: lose oneself in abstractions, ie become unrealistic in one's thinking 沉迷在幻想中.  3 [U] absent-mindedness 心不在焉; 走神儿./əbˈstruːs; əb`strus/ adj difficult to understand 难解的; 深奥的. adv. n [U]./əbˈsɜːd; əb`sɝd/ adj  1 unreasonable; not sensible 不合理的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的: What an absurd suggestion! 多么荒唐的建议! * It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你竟提出这种事, 真荒唐.  2 foolish in a funny way; ridiculous 愚蠢得可笑的; 怪诞不经的: That uniform makes them look absurd. 他们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的. n [U, C]. adv./əˈbʌndəns; ə`bʌndəns/ n [U, sing] quantity that is more than enough; plenty 丰富; 充裕: There was good food in abundance/an abundance of good food at the party. 宴会上有丰美的食物./əˈbʌndənt; ə`bʌndənt/ adj  1 more than enough; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: an abundant supply of fruit 水果的充足供应 * We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有充分的证据证明他有罪.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth having plenty of sth; rich in sth 富有某事物; 富于某事物: a land abundant in minerals 矿产丰富的土地.adv plentifully 丰富地; 充裕地: be abundantly supplied with fruit 水果供应充足 * He's made his views abundantly (ie very) clear. 他已经充分表明了自己的观点./əˈbjuːz; ə`bjuz/ v [Tn]  1 make bad or wrong use of (sth) 滥用, 妄用（某事物）: abuse one's authority, sb's hospitality, the confidence placed in one 滥用权威, 辜负某人的热情招待, 辜负对自己的信任.  2 treat (sb) badly; exploit 虐待某人; 剥削: a much abused wife 备受虐待的妻子. Cf 参看 misuse.  3 speak insultingly to or about (sb); attack in words 说（某人的）坏话; 辱骂; 诋毁.

/əˈbjuːs; ə`bjus/ n  1 (a) [U] wrong or bad use or treatment of sth/sb 对某事物[某人]的滥用, 妄用或虐待: drug abuse 滥用麻醉药品 * child abuse 虐待儿童. (b) [C] ~ of sth wrong or bad use of sth 对某事物的滥用, 妄用: an abuse of trust, privilege, authority 辜负别人的信任, 滥用特权, 滥用权力.  2 [C] unjust or corrupt practice 恶习; 弊端; 不正之风: put a stop to political abuses 煞住政治上的不正之风.  3 [U] insulting words; offensive or coarse language 恶言; 辱骂; 粗话: hurl (a stream of) abuse at sb 破口（滔滔不绝）大骂某人 * The word `bastard' is often used as a term of abuse. ‘杂种’一词常用作咒骂用语./əˈbjuːsɪv; ə`bjusɪv/ adj (of speech or a person) criticizing harshly and rudely; insulting （指言语或人）责骂的, 辱骂的: abusive language, remarks, etc 骂人的语言, 话等 * He became abusive, ie began uttering angry insults, curses, etc. 他骂起来了. adv./əˈbʌt; ə`bʌt/ v (-tt-) [Ipr] ~ on/against sth (of land or a building) have a common boundary or side with sth; adjoin sth （指土地或建筑物）邻接或毗连某物, 与某物接界: His land abuts on the motorway. 他的土地和高速公路毗连. * Their house abuts against ours. 他们的房子紧挨着我们的房子./əˈbʌtmənt; ə`bʌtmənt/ n (engineering 工) structure that bears the weight of a bridge or an arch 桥台, 拱座（用以支承桥或拱的建筑物）./əˈbɪzməl; ə`bɪzml/ adj  1 (infml 口) extremely bad 极坏的: live in abysmal conditions 在极恶劣的情况下生活 * His manners are abysmal. 他态度极其恶劣.  2 extreme; utter 极端的; 完全的: abysmal ignorance 极端的无知. adv./əˈbɪs; ə`bɪs/ n hole so deep that it seems to have no bottom 深渊: (fig 比喻) an abyss of ignorance, despair, loneliness, etc 无知的, 绝望的, 寂寞的...深渊./ˌeɪ ˈsiː; ˌe `si/ abbr 缩写 = alternating current. Cf 参看 DC3./əˈkeɪʃə; ə`keʃə/ n any of several trees with yellow or white flowers, esp one from which gum arabic is obtained 金合欢树（任何一种金合欢属的树, 开黄花或白花, 尤指可提取阿拉伯树胶者）./ˌækəˈdemɪk; ˌækə`dɛmɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of (teaching or learning in) schools, colleges, etc 学校的; 学院的: the ,academic `year, ie the total time within a year when teaching is done in schools, etc, usu starting in September or October 学年 * ,academic `freedom, ie liberty to teach and discuss educational matters without interference from politicians, etc 学术自由.  2 [attrib 作定语] scholarly; not technical or practical 学者式的; 非技术的或实用的: academic subjects 学科.  3 of theoretical interest only 仅注重理论的; 学术的: a matter of academic concern 学术方面的事 * The question is purely academic, ie not relevant to practical affairs but still interesting. 这是一个纯学术性的问题（与实际事务无关, 但仍使人感兴趣）.

n teacher at a university, college, etc; professional scholar 大专院校的教师; 专业学者./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˌkædəˈmɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌækədəˈmɪʃn; ˌækədə`mɪʃən/ n member of an academy(3) 院士; 学会会员.Award one of the annual awards for achievement in the cinema given by the US Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 金像奖（由美国电影艺术科学院颁发的电影艺术年度奖）. Cf 参看 Oscar./əˈkædəmɪ; ə`kædəmɪ/ n  1 school for special training 专科院校: an a,cademy of `music 音乐学院 * a `naval/`military academy 海军[陆军]军官学校.  2 (in Scotland) secondary school （苏格兰的）中等学校.  3 (usu 通常作 Academy) society of distinguished scholars or artists; society for cultivating art, literature, etc, of which membership is an honour 高等学术团体; 学会: The Royal Academy (of Arts) 皇家（艺术）学会./ˈeɪkæs; `ekæs/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, for helping with negotiation during industrial disputes （在有工业纠纷期间协助谈判的）咨询调解仲裁处./əkˈsiːd; ək`sid/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文)  1 (a) take office 就职: accede to the chancellorship 就任大臣, 大学名誉校长等. (b) become monarch 即位: Queen Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837. 维多利亚女王于1837年即位.  2 agree (to a request, proposal, etc) 同意（一请求, 建议等）./ækˌseləˈrændəʊ; ækˌsɛlə`rændo/ adv, adj, n (pl -dos or -di) (music 音) with gradually increasing speed 渐快（的）.

n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way （演奏）渐快的音乐. Cf 参看 rallentando./əkˈseləreɪt; ək`sɛləˌret/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) move faster or happen earlier; increase the speed of 使（某事物）加快; 促进（某事物）; 加速: accelerating the rate of growth 提高生长率.  2 [I] move or happen more quickly 加速; 加快: The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我. Cf 参看 decelerate./əkˌseləˈreɪʃn; əkˌsɛlə`reʃən/ n [U]  1 making or being made quicker; increase in speed 加快; 促进; 加速: an acceleration in the rate of economic growth 经济发展速率的增长.  2 (of a vehicle) ability to gain speed （指车辆）加速性能: a car with good acceleration 加速性能良好的汽车./əkˈseləreɪtə(r); ək`sɛləˌretɚ/ n  1 device for increasing speed, esp the pedal in a car, etc that controls the speed of the engine 加速器; 加速装置（尤指汽车等的油门踏板）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.  2 (physics 物) apparatus for causing charged particles to move at high speeds 粒子加速器.  3 (chemistry 化) substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen more quickly 加速剂; 促进剂./ˈæksent, ˈæksənt; `æksɛnt/ n  1 [C] emphasis given to a syllable or word by means of stress or pitch 重音（用重读或提高音调的方法使一音节或词突出）: In the word `today' the accent is on the second syllable. today一字的重音在第二个音节上.  2 [C] mark or symbol, usu above a letter, used in writing and printing to indicate such emphasis or the quality of a vowel sound 重音符号（用于书写印刷中, 表示一元音的重音或音值的符号, 通常标在字母上方）.  3 [C, U] national, local or individual way of pronouncing words （民族, 地方或个人的）口音, 腔调, 土腔: speak English with a foreign accent 说英语带外国腔 * have an American accent 有美国口音 * a voice without (a trace of) accent 不带（丝毫）地方口音的声音. Cf 参看 brogue, dialect.  4 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] special emphasis given to sth （对某事物的）强调; 重点: In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们一切产品中, 最重视的就是质量.

/ækˈsent; `æksɛnt/ v [Tn]  1 pronounce (a word or syllable) with emphasis 重读（一词或音节）.  2 write accents on (words, etc) 把重音符号加在（词等）上./əkˈsentʃʊeɪt; ək`sɛntʃᴜˌet/ v [Tn] make (sth) very noticeable or prominent; emphasize 突出（某事物）; 强调: The tight jumper only accentuated his fat stomach. 那件紧身套头毛衣反更突出了他那肥胖的肚子. /əkˌsentʃʊˈeɪʃn; əkˌsɛntʃᴜ`eʃən/ n [U]./əkˈsept; ək`sɛpt/ v  1 (a) [Tn] take (sth offered) willingly 欣然接受（他人提供的事物）: accept a gift, a piece of advice, an apology 接受礼物, 劝告, 道歉. (b) [I, Tn] say yes to (an offer, invitation, etc) 接受（提议, 邀请等）: She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车, 他就领情了. * He proposed marriage and she accepted (him). 他向她求婚, 她就同意了. (c) [Tn] receive (sth/sb) as adequate or suitable 接收, 收取（某事物）; 接受（某事物[某人]）: Will you accept a cheque? 你收支票吗? * The machine only accepts 10p coins. 这机器只收10便士的硬币. * The college I applied to has accepted me. 我报了名的学院已经录取我了.  2 [Tn] be willing to agree to (sth) 同意, 认可, 赞同（某事物）: accept the judge's decision 同意法官的判决 * I accept the proposed changes. 我赞成所提出的变动.  3 [Tn] take upon oneself (a responsibility, etc) 承担（责任等）: He accepts blame for the accident, ie agrees that it was his fault. 他承认那事故是他的错. * You must accept the consequences of your action. 你必须对你行动的後果负责.  4 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) take sth as true; believe sth 认为某事物属实; 相信某事物: I cannot accept that he is to blame. 我认为不能责怪他. * We do not accept your explanation/what you have said. 我们不相信你的解释[你所说的话]. * Can we accept his account as the true version? 我们能够相信他说的是实情吗? * It is an accepted fact, ie sth that everyone thinks is true. 这是公认的事实.  5 [Tn] treat (sb/sth) as welcome 欢迎（某人[某事物]）: He was never really accepted by his classmates. 他同班同学从未真正把他当作自己人./əkˌseptəˈbɪlətɪ; əkˌsɛptə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /əkˈseptəbl; ək`sɛptəbl/ adj ~ (to sb)  1 (a) worth accepting 值得接受的: Is the proposal acceptable to you? 这个建议你认为可以接受吗? (b) welcome 受欢迎的: A cup of tea would be most acceptable. 来一杯茶就最好不过了.  2 tolerable 可容忍的: an acceptable risk, sacrifice, profit margin, . /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./əkˈseptəns; ək`sɛptəns/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) accepting or being accepted 接受; 答应; 同意; 认可: Since we sent out the invitations we've received five acceptances and one refusal. 我们发出请帖以後, 收到的回覆是五位接受, 一位推辞.  2 [U] favourable reception; approval 赞成; 赞同: The new laws gained widespread acceptance. 新法例广获赞同.  3 [C] (commerce 商) (a) agreement to pay a bill 承兑, 认付（票据）. (b) bill accepted in this way 承兑汇票./əkˈseptə(r); ək`sɛptɚ/ n (physics 物) atom or molecule able to receive an extra electron 能够接受额外电子的原子或分子; 接受体./ˈækses; `æksɛs/ n [U]  1 ~ (to sth) means of approaching or entering (a place); way in （接近或进入某地的）方法; 通路: The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地. * The village is easy/difficult of access, ie easy/difficult to reach. 到那个村子的路很容易[很难]走.  2 ~ (to sth/sb) opportunity or right to use sth or approach sb （使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利: get access to classified information 得到接触秘密情报的机会 * Students must have access to a good library. 学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件. * Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以接近总统.

v [Tn] (computing 计) get information from or put information into (a computer file) 存取（计算机文件）: She accessed three different files to find the correct information. 她存取了三个文件以找寻所要的信息. * The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date. 文件每日存取, 使之不断更新.1 (esp US) = slip road (slip).  2 road giving access to a place, site, etc （到一地方, 场所等的）通路.(computing 计) time taken to obtain information stored in a computer 存取时间（取出计算机中储存的信息所用的时间）./əkˌsesəˈbɪlətɪ; əkˌsɛsə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./əkˈsesəbl; ək`sɛsəbl/ adj ~ (to sb) that can be reached, used, etc 可接近的; 可进入的; 可使用的: a beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩 * documents not accessible to the public 公众无法接触到的文件. /ækˈseʃn; æk`sɛʃən/ n ~ (to sth) 1 [U] reaching a rank or position 达到某一级别或地位: celebrating the queen's accession (to the throne) 庆祝女王登基.  2 (a) [C] thing added, esp a new item in a library, museum, etc 增添物（尤指图书馆, 博物馆等的新书或展品）: recent accessions to the art gallery 美术馆最近增添的展品. (b) [U] action of being added 增添; 增加: the accession of new members to the party 新党员的增加.

v [Tn] record the addition of (a new item) to a library, museum, etc 将（图书馆, 博物馆等的新书, 新展品）登记入册./əkˈsesərɪ; ək`sɛsərɪ/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) thing that is a useful or decorative extra but that is not essential; minor fitting or attachment 附属品; 配件; 附件: bicycle accessories, eg lamp, pump, etc 自行车附件（如车灯, 打气筒等）. (b) small article of (esp women's) dress, eg a belt, handbag, etc （尤指妇女的）服装配搭物（如皮带, 手提包等）.  2 (also accessary) ~ (to sth) (law 律) person who helps another in a crime 从犯; 帮凶; 同谋: He was charged with being an accessory to murder. 他被控为谋杀罪的从犯.  3 (idm 习语) accessory before/after the fact (law 律) person who, although not present when a crime is committed, helps the person committing it beforehand/afterwards 事前[事後]从犯（犯罪时不在场, 但于事前[事後]协助犯罪者）.

adj additional; extra 附加的; 额外的./ˈæksɪdənt; `æksədənt/ n  1 [C] event that happens unexpectedly and causes damage, injury, etc 事故; 故障; 横祸; 不幸; 不测; 意外: be killed in a car/road accident 在车祸[交通事故]中遇难 * I had a slight accident at home and broke some crockery. 我在家出了点儿小事, 打碎了些陶器. * He's very late  I do hope he hasn't met with an accident. 他这么晚还没来--我真希望他别出事. * [attrib 作定语] accident insurance 事故保险.  2 [U] chance; fortune 机遇; 命运; 造化: By accident of birth (ie Because of where he happened to be born) he is entitled to British citizenship. 因出生的造化, 他成为英国公民（因有缘生于该地）.  3 (idm 习语) ,accidents ,will `happen (saying 谚) some unfortunate events must be accepted as inevitable 意外事故在所难免. by accident as a result of chance or mishap 偶然; 意外地: I only found it by accident. 我只是碰巧找到的. a chapter of accidents => chapter. without `accident safely 安全地; 平安地.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] more than usually likely to have accidents 易出事故./ˌæksɪˈdentl; ˌæksə`dɛntl/ adj happening unexpectedly or by chance 意外的; 偶然的: a verdict of accidental death 意外死亡的裁决 * an accidental meeting with a friend 偶然遇到一位朋友. /-təlɪ; -tlɪ/ adv./əˈkleɪm; ə`klem/ v  1 (a) [Tn] welcome (sb/sth) with shouts of approval; applaud loudly 向（某人[某事物]）欢呼; 喝采: acclaim the winner of a race 向赛跑得胜者喝采. (b) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) acknowledge the greatness of sb/sth 称赞某人[某事物]: a much acclaimed performance 备受称赞的表演 * It was acclaimed as a great discovery. 那被赞誉为伟大的发现.  2 [Cn.n] (fml 文) hail or salute (sb) as sth 欢呼或拥戴（某人）为某事物: They acclaimed him king. 大家拥立他为国王.

n [U] enthusiastic welcome or approval; praise 热烈欢迎或赞同; 称赞: The book received great critical acclaim. 这本书大获评论界的赞扬./ˌækləˈmeɪʃn; ˌæklə`meʃən/ n  1 [U] loud and enthusiastic approval (of a proposal, etc) （对提议等）高声而热烈的赞同: elected by acclamation, ie without voting 以欢呼声通过而选出的（不经投票表决）.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] shouting to honour or welcome sb （向某人）欢呼, 喝采: the acclamations of the crowd 群众的欢呼.=> acclimatization=> acclimatize/əˌklaɪmətaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -tɪˈz-; əˌklaɪmətə`zeʃən/ n [U]./əˈklaɪmətaɪz; ə`klaɪməˌtaɪz/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself/sb/sth) (to sth) get (oneself, animals, plants, etc) used to a new climate or a new environment, new conditions, etc; become or make accustomed (to sth) 使（自己, 动物, 植物等）习惯于新的气候或新的环境, 新的形势等; 使适应（某事物）; 服水土: It takes many months to acclimatize/become acclimatized to life in a tropical climate. 要用许多月的时间才能适应热带的生活. /əˈklɪvətɪ; ə`klɪvətɪ/ n (fml 文) upward slope 向上的斜坡或斜面. Cf 参看 declivity./ˈækəleɪd; <i>US</i> ˌækəˈleɪd; ˌækə`led/ n  1 praise; approval 嘉奖; 赞许: To be chosen to represent their country is the highest accolade for most athletes. 能被选拔出来代表国家参赛, 是多数运动员的最高荣誉.  2 ceremonial tap on the shoulder with the flat part of a sword, given when a knighthood is conferred 册封爵士的仪式（用剑面在肩上轻拍一下）./əˈkɒmədeɪt; ə`kɑməˌdet/ v  1 [Tn] provide lodging or room for (sb) 供给（某人）住宿或房间: This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth change or adjust sth so that it fits or harmonizes with sth else 适应; 迁就; 迎合: I will accommodate my plans to yours. 我修改一下计划以便和你的计划相适应.  3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) grant or supply (sth) to sb 准予或提供某人（某事物）: The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行将贷给你一笔款. (b) [Tn] do (sb) a favour; oblige 帮（某人的）忙; 施恩惠于: I shall endeavour to accommodate you whenever possible. 只要有可能, 我将尽力帮你.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) cater for (sth/sb); take into consideration 顺应（某事物[某人]）; 考虑到: accommodate the special needs of minority groups 照顾少数团体的特殊需要.adj (of a person) easy to deal with; willing to help; obliging （指人）随和的, 乐于助人的, 施恩惠的./əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn; əˌkɑmə`deʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] (Brit) room(s), esp for living in; lodgings 房间（尤指作居住用者）; 住所: find suitable, cheap, temporary, permanent, etc accommodation 找合适的, 便宜的, 临时的, 永久的等住宿处 * Hotel accommodation is scarce. 旅馆的房间不足. * Wanted, accommodation for a young married couple. 徵租, 供年轻夫妇的住房. (b) accommodations [pl] (US) lodgings; room(s) and food 住宿; 膳宿.  2 [U] ~ (of sth to sth) (fml 文) process of adapting; adjustment 适应; 调节:  arrange the accommodation of my plans to yours 调整我的计划以便和你的相适应.  3 [C] (fml 文) convenient arrangement; compromise 调解; 和解: The two sides failed to agree on every point but came to an accommodation. 双方并非在每一点上意见都一致, 但已达成和解.address often used on letters to or by sb who is unable or unwilling to give a permanent address 寄宿地址（常用于信件上, 因不愿或不能告以永久地址）.ladder hung from the side of a ship to reach small boats （悬于船舷, 用以连接小船的）舷梯./əˈkʌmpənɪmənt; ə`kʌmpənɪmənt/ n  1 thing that naturally or often goes with another thing 伴随物; 与之俱来的事物: White wine provided the perfect accompaniment to the meal. 白葡萄酒是这顿饭的最佳佐餐酒.  2 (music 音) part played by an instrument or orchestra to support a solo instrument or voice or a choir 伴奏: singing with (a) piano accompaniment 由钢琴伴奏的演唱./əˈkʌmpənɪst; ə`kʌmpənɪst/ n person who plays a musical accompaniment 伴奏者./əˈkʌmpənɪ; ə`kʌmpənɪ/ v (pt, pp -nied)  1 [Tn] walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escort 伴随或跟随（某人）; 陪伴: I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察分局. * He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife. 他那次远行有妻子陪同. * Warships will accompany the convoy. 军舰将护送船队.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) (a) be present or occur with sth 与某事物同时存在或发生: fever accompanied with delirium 发烧而说胡话 * strong winds accompanied by heavy rain 狂风夹着暴雨. (b) provide sth in addition to sth else; supplement sth 兼带; 附有: Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信封, 贴上邮票, 写好地址.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at/on sth) (music 音) play an accompaniment for sb 给某人伴奏: The singer was accompanied at/on the piano by her sister. 那位演唱者的姐姐用钢琴给她伴奏./əˈkʌmplɪs; <i>US</i> əˈkɒm-; ə`kɑmplɪs/ n person who helps another to do sth wicked or illegal 从犯; 帮凶; 同谋: The police arrested him and his two accomplices. 警方逮捕了他和他的两个同谋./əˈkʌmplɪʃ; <i>US</i> əˈkɒm-; ə`kɑmplɪʃ/ v [Tn]  1 succeed in doing (sth); complete successfully; achieve 完成（某事物）; 做成功; 实现: accomplish one's aim, a task 达到目的, 完成任务 * a man who will never accomplish anything 永远一事无成的人.  2 (idm 习语) an accomplished `fact thing that has been done and is no longer worth arguing about because it cannot be changed 既成事实.adj  1 ~ (in sth) skilled 有技巧的; 熟练的: an accomplished dancer, cook, poet, etc 有才艺的舞蹈家, 厨师, 诗人等 * be accomplished in music 擅长音乐.  2 well trained or educated in social skills such as conversation, art, music, etc 在谈吐, 美术, 音乐等方面受过良好训练或教育的: an accomplished young lady 年轻的才女./əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; <i>US</i> əˈkɒm-; ə`kɑmplɪʃmənt/ n  1 [U] successful completion 完成; 成功: celebrate the accomplishment of one's objectives 庆祝大功告成.  2 [C] thing achieved 成就; 成绩.  3 [C] skill that can be learnt, esp in the social arts 才艺, 技艺, 教养（尤指在社交方面）: Dancing and singing were among her many accomplishments. 她多才多艺, 能歌善舞./əˈkɔːd; ə`kɔrd/ n  1 peace treaty; agreement 和平条约; 协议: an accord between countries/with another country 国与国之间的[与另一国的]条约.  2 (idm 习语) in accord (with sth/sb) agreeing (with sth/sb); in harmony 与（某事物[某人]）一致; 融洽: Such an act would not be in accord with our policy. 这种做法不符合我们的政策. * They live in perfect accord with each other. 他们生活在一起十分融洽. of one's own ac`cord without being asked or forced; voluntarily 主动地; 自愿地: He joined the army of his own accord. 他自愿地参了军. with ,one ac`cord everybody agreeing; unanimously 全体一致; 一致地: With one accord they all stood up and cheered. 他们全体一致起立欢呼./əˈkɔːdəns; ə`kɔrdns/ n (idm 习语) in accordance with sth in agreement or harmony with sth 按照或依据某事物: in accordance with sb's wishes 按照某人的愿望 * act in accordance with custom, the regulations, the law 依照惯例, 规章, 法律./əˈkɔːdɪŋ; ə`kɔrdɪŋ/  1 according to prep (a) as stated by (sb) or in (sth) 据（某人）所述; 根据（某事物）: According to John you were in Edinburgh last week. 据约翰说, 你上星期在爱丁堡. * You've been in prison six times according to our records. 根据我们的记录, 你曾入狱六次. (b) in a manner that is consistent with (sth) 按照, 依照（某事物）: act according to one's principles 按照自己的原则行事 * Everything went according to plan. 一切都是按照计划进行的. * The work was done according to her instructions. 那工作是依照她的指示做的. (c) in a manner or degree that is in proportion to (sth) 视或依（某事物）而定: salary according to qualifications and experience 视资历和经验而定的薪水 * Arrange the exhibits according to size. 将展品按大小排列.  2 according as conj (fml 文) in a manner or to a degree that varies as 取决于: Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献.adv  1 in a manner that is suggested by what is known or has been said 按照已知的或所说的情形: I've told you what the situation is; you must act accordingly. 我已经把情况告诉你了, 你得采取相应的行动.  2 for that reason; therefore 因此; 所以; 于是./əˈkɔːdɪən; ə`kɔrdɪən/ n (also piano accordion) portable musical instrument with a bellows, metal reeds and a keyboard 手风琴. =>illus at concertina 见concertina之插图./əˈkɒst; <i>US</i> əˈkɔːst; ə`kɔst/ v [Tn] (a) approach and speak to (sb) boldly 贸然上前与（某人）搭讪或攀谈: She was accosted by a complete stranger. 有一个她完全不认识的人过来跟她搭讪. (b) (of a prostitute) solicit (sb) （指妓女）勾搭, 勾引（某人）./əˈkaʊnt; ə`kaᴜnt/ n  1 (abbr 缩写 a/c) statement of money paid or owed for goods or services 帐目; 帐单: send in/render an account 报帐[开送帐单] * keep the accounts, ie keep a detailed record of money spent and received 记帐 * The accounts show a profit of 9000. 帐上显示盈利9000英镑.  2 (abbr 缩写 a/c) arrangement made with a bank, firm, etc allowing credit for financial or commercial transactions (used esp as in the expressions shown) 帐户, 户头（与银行, 商店等在财务或商务交易上的约定, 尤用于以下示例）: have an account at/with that bank, ie keep money there and use its facilities 在那个银行有帐户 * open/close an account 开[结束]户头 * pay money into/draw money out of an account 在一帐户中存[取]钱 * I have 200 in my account. 我的户头  有200英镑. * Will you pay cash or shall I charge it to your account (eg at a shop or restaurant)? 您愿意付现金还是记入您的帐  ? （如在商店或饭馆  ）  3 report; description 报告; 叙述: She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了详细叙述. * Don't believe the newspaper account (of what happened). 不要相信报纸上（对所发生的事情）的报道. * Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活动都记下来.  4 (idm 习语) by/from all accounts according to what has been said or reported 据说; 根据报道: I've never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从来没去过那个地方, 人家都说那地方很好. by one's own account according to what one says oneself 据某人自己所说. call sb to account => call2. give a good, poor, etc account of oneself do or perform well, badly, etc esp in a contest 表现好, 不好等（尤指于竞赛中）: Our team gave a splendid account of themselves to win the match. 我们队表现出色, 赢了那场比赛. leave sth out of account/consideration => leave1. of great, small, no, some, etc ac`count of great, small, etc importance 很重要, 不大重要等: a man of no account 无足轻重的人. on account (a) as a payment in advance of a larger one 作为先付的部分款项: I'll give you 20 on account. 我先付你20英镑. (b) to be paid for later 以後付款; 赊帐: buy sth on account 赊购某物. on account of sth; on this/that account because of sth; for this/that reason 因为, 由于, 为了某事物; 为此: We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 由于天气不好, 我们将启程的时间推迟了. on no account; not on any account not for any reason 决不可以; 切莫: Don't on any account leave the prisoner unguarded. 这个囚犯决不能没人看守. on one's own ac`count (a) for one's own benefit and at one's own risk 为自己的利益甘冒风险: work on one's own account 自行负责地工作. (b) on one's own behalf 为了自己: I was worried on my own account, not yours. 我担心是为我自己, 而不是为了你. on sb's account for sb's sake 为了某人的缘故: Don't change your plans on my account. 不要为了我而改变你的计划. put/turn sth to good ac`count use (money, talents, etc) well and profitably 善用（钱, 才智等）; 利用: He turned his artistic gifts to good account by becoming a sculptor. 他发挥艺术天才, 成了雕刻家. render an account of oneself, etc => render. settle one's/an account (with sb) => settle. square one's account/accounts with sb => square. take account of sth; take sth into account include sth in one's assessment, etc; make allowances for sth; consider sth 计及; 斟酌; 体谅; 考虑: When judging his performance, don't take his age into account. 评定他的表现时, 不必考虑他的年龄.

/əˈkaʊnt; ə`kaᴜnt/ v  1 [Cn.a] regard (sb/sth) as; consider 将（某人[某事物]）看做; 视为: In English law a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国法律, 一个人未经证实有罪仍视为无罪.  2 [Ipr] ~ (to sb) for sth give a satisfactory record of (money, etc in one's care) （对自己掌管的钱等）作令人满意的交代: We must account (to our employer) for every penny we spend during a business trip. 我们得把我们出差时所花的每一分钱（向雇主）交代清楚.  3 (idm 习语) there's no accounting for taste (saying 谚) it is impossible to explain why people have different likes and dislikes 人各有所好（人的好恶是无可理喻的）.  4 (phr v) account for sth be the explanation of sth; explain the cause of sth 作某事物的解释; 解释某事物的原因: His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席. * Please account for your disgraceful conduct. 对你的可耻行为请作解释. account for sth/sb destroy sth or kill sb 摧毁某事物; 杀死某人: Our anti-aircraft guns accounted for five enemy bombers. 我军高射炮击落五架敌军轰炸机./əˈkaʊntəbl; ə`kaᴜntəbl/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb) (for sth) required or expected to give an explanation for one's actions, etc; responsible （对自己的行为等）应作解说; 负责: Who are you accountable to in the organization? 你在这个组织  向谁负责? * He is mentally ill and cannot be held accountable for his actions. 他有精神病, 不能对自己的行为负责./əˈkaʊntənsɪ; ə`kaᴜntənsɪ/ n [U] profession of an accountant 会计职业./əˈkaʊntənt; ə`kaᴜntənt/ n person whose profession is to keep or inspect financial accounts 会计师; 会计员./əˈkuːtəmənts; ə`kutɚmənts/ (US accouterments / ?@ E5ku:tErmEnts; E`kutLmEnts/) n [pl]  1 equipment; trappings 装备; 服饰.  2 soldier's equipment other than weapons and clothes 士兵（除武器及军服以外）的装备./əˈkredɪt; ə`krɛdɪt/ v  1 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth to sb/~ sb with sth attribute (a saying, etc) to sb; credit sb with (a saying, etc) 认为（某说法等）出自某人; 认为某人所（说等）: He is accredited with having first introduced this word into the language. 是他在这个语言中首先使用这个词的.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to/at...; ~ sb to sb (fml 文) send or appoint sb (esp an ambassador) as the official representative to (a foreign government, etc) 委派或任命某人（到外国政府等）任官方代表（尤指大使等）: He was accredited to/at Madrid/accredited to the Spanish king. 他被委任为驻马德里[被委任为谒见西班牙国王]的大使.  3 [Tn] gain belief or influence for (advice, an adviser, a statement, etc) 因（提建议, 作顾问, 提出主张等而）获得信赖或有影响力.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 officially recognized 官方认可的: our accredited representative 我们的官方认可的代表.  2 generally accepted or believed 普遍接受的; 公认的: the accredited theories 普遍接受的理论.  3 certified as being of a prescribed quality 质量鉴定合格的./əˈkriːʃn; ə`kriʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) growth or increase by means of gradual additions （逐渐地）生长, 增大. (b) the growing of separate things into one 连生; 合生.  2 [C] (a) added matter that causes such growth 增添物. (b) thing formed by the addition of such matter 积累而成的东西: a chimney blocked by an accretion of soot 被聚积的煤烟子所堵塞的烟囱.n [U, C]./əˈkruː; ə`kru/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (from sth) come as a natural increase or advantage, esp financial; accumulate 自然增长或利益增加（尤指财务）; 积累: the power and wealth which accrued to the prince 王子的权力和财产的增加 * Interest will accrue if you keep your money in a savings account. 把钱存在储蓄帐户里就会生息. /əˈkjuːmjʊleɪt; ə`kjumjəˌlet/ v  1 [Tn] gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of (sth); get (sth) in this way 积累, 聚积（某物）; 聚集而成（某事物）: accumulate books, a library 收藏书籍, 集成书库 * accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction 搜集足够的证据以给他定罪 * By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产. * My savings are accumulating interest. 我的储蓄不断生息.  2 [I] increase in number or quantity 增加: Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多. /əˌkjuːmjʊˈleɪʃn; əˌkjumjə`leʃən/ n [U, C]: the accumulation of money, knowledge, experience 金钱, 知识, 经验的积累 * an accumulation of unwanted rubbish 多馀的废物成堆./əˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv; <i>US</i> -leɪtɪv; ə`kjumjə`letɪv/ adj growing steadily by a series of additions; resulting from accumulation; cumulative 积累的; 聚积的; 累积的: accumulative interest 累积的利息 * the accumulative effects of eating too much 长期饮食过量造成的後果./əˈkjuːmjʊleɪtə(r); ə`kjumjəˌletɚ/ n  1 (Brit) storage battery that can be recharged, eg for a motor vehicle 蓄电池（如用于机动车辆者）.  2 (esp Brit) bet placed on a series of sporting events, esp horse races, with the winnings from each being staked on the next 累积赌注（尤指在赛马等连续赌博项目中, 将前次所赢的钱加在下一次之上者）.  3 device in a computer that stores and progressively adds numbers 累加器（计算机中储存并累积数目的装置）./ˈækjərəsɪ; `ækjərəsɪ/ n [U] precision or exactness, esp resulting from careful effort 精确, 准确（尤指用心的结果）: predict sth with great accuracy 极准确地预言某事物 * It is impossible to say with any (degree of) accuracy how many are affected. 无论如何也说不准受影响的有多少./ˈækjərət; `ækjərət/ adj  1 free from error 正确无误的: an accurate clock, map, weighing machine 准确的钟, 地图, 衡器 * accurate statistics, measurements, calculations, etc 准确的统计, 测量, 计算等 * His description was accurate. 他的叙述很正确.  2 careful and exact 精确的; 准确的: take accurate aim 瞄得准 * Journalists are not always accurate (in what they write). 新闻工作者（的报道）并非一贯准确. adv./əˈkɜːsɪd; ə`kɝsɪd/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) hateful; detestable; annoying 可恨的; 可恶的; 讨厌的: those accursed neighbours of ours 我们那些可恶的邻居 * this accursed weather 这讨厌的天气.  2 (dated 旧) under a curse 被诅咒的./ˌækjuːˈzeɪʃn; ˌækju`zeʃən/ n  1 [U] accusing or being accused 指责; 谴责; 控告: prevent the accusation of an innocent person 防止指控无辜.  2 [C] statement accusing a person of a fault, wrongdoing or crime （控告某人的）罪状: Accusations of corruption have been made/brought/laid against him. 对他贪污的控告已经提出./əˈkjuːzətɪv; ə`kjuzətɪv/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) when it is the direct object of a verb 宾格（某些屈折语中名词, 代词或形容词作动词直接宾语时的一种格）.

adj of or in the accusative 宾格的: The accusative forms of the pronouns `I', `we' and `she' are `me', `us' and `her'. 代词I  we  she的宾格形式是me  us  her./əˈkjuːzətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; ə`kjuzəˌtɔrɪ/ adj of or indicating an accusation 指责的; 谴责的; 控告的: accusatory remarks, glances 责备的言语, 目光./əˈkjuːz; ə`kjuz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) say that sb has done wrong, is guilty (of sth) or has broken the law 指责某人有错, 犯（某）罪或犯法; 指控; 控告; 谴责: accuse sb of cheating, cowardice, theft 谴责某人欺诈, 指责某人怯懦, 控告某人偷窃.n./əˈkjuːzɪŋlɪ; ə`kjuzɪŋlɪ/ adv in an accusing manner 以谴责或控告的态度: look, point, etc accusingly at sb 以责备的态度看着, 指着...某人./əˈkʌstəm; ə`kʌstəm/ v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb/sth to sth make oneself, etc used to sth 使自己等习惯于某事物: He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. 他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式.adj  1 [attrib 作定语] usual; habitual 通常的; 惯常的: He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth used to sth 习惯于某事物: I soon got accustomed to his strange ways. 我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法. * He quickly became accustomed to the local food. 他很快就习惯了当地的食物. * My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the gloom. 我的眼睛对黑暗慢慢适应了. * This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to, ie not the kind I usually receive. 这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇./eɪs; es/ n  1 playing-card with a large single spot, usu having the highest or lowest value in card games 侱点的纸牌（通常在纸牌游戏中点数最高或最低）: the ace of spades 黑桃侱.  2 (infml 口) person who is an expert at some activity 某些活动中的能手 : [attrib 作定语] an ace pilot, footballer, marksman, etc 王牌驾驶员, 足球健将, 神射手.  3 (in tennis) stroke, esp a service, that is too good for the opponent to return （网球赛中, 尤指发球）得分的一击.  4 (idm 习语) (have) an ace up one's sleeve; US (have) an ace in the hole (infml 口) (have) sth effective kept secretly in reserve 暗中保留的王牌. play one's ace use one's best resource 使出绝招. within an ace of sth/doing sth very near to (doing) sth 差一点儿, 几乎（做）某事: He was within an ace of death/being killed. 他险些丧了命./ˈæsɪteɪt; `æsəˌtet/ n  1 [U, C] (chemistry 化) compound derived from acetic acid 醋酸盐.  2 [C] (also acetate silk) fabric made from cellulose acetate （用醋酸纤维素制成的）人造丝./ˈæsɪtəʊn; `æsəˌton/ n [U] (chemistry 化) colourless liquid with a strong smell used to dilute paints and varnishes and to make certain chemicals 丙酮./əˈsetɪliːn; ə`sɛtlˌin/ n [U] (chemistry 化) colourless gas that burns with a bright flame, used in cutting and welding metal 乙炔; 电石气./eɪk; ek/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) continuous dull pain （持续而隐约的）疼痛: `backache * `earache * a `headache * `stomach-ache * `toothache * a `tummy-ache * My body was all aches and pains. 我浑身疼痛. * He has an ache in his/the chest. 他胸部疼痛.

v  1 [I] suffer from a continuous dull pain 持续地隐隐作痛: My head aches/is aching. 我头痛. * I'm aching all over. 我浑身疼痛. * (fig 比喻) It makes my heart ache (ie makes me sad) to see her suffer. 看到她受罪使我痛心.  2 [Ipr, It] ~ for sb/sth have a longing for sb/sth or to do sth 渴望得到某人[某事物]或做某事: He was aching for home/to go home. 他渴望回家.adj (of an objective) that can be achieved （指目的）可完成的, 可达到的./əˈtʃiːv; ə`tʃiv/ v [Tn]  1 gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc （通常藉努力, 技巧, 勇气等）获得或达到（某事物）: achieve success, one's ambition, notoriety, peace of mind 获得成功, 实现抱负, 落得个臭名, 得到心情的平静.  2 get (sth) done; accomplish or complete 做成（某事物）; 实现; 完成: I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do. 我希望做到的, 我仅完成了一半.n  1 [U] action of achieving 完成; 达到: celebrate the achievement of one's aims 庆祝愿望的实现.  2 [C] thing done successfully, esp with effort and skill 成就, 成绩（尤指藉努力和技巧而得到者）: the greatest scientific achievement of the decade 这十年的最伟大的科学成就. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1./əˈkɪliːz; ə`kɪliz/ n (idm 习语) an/one's Achilles' `heel weak or vulnerable point; fault, esp in sb's character, which can lead to his downfall 致命弱点; （尤指某人个性中可导致一败涂地的）缺陷: Vanity is his Achilles' heel. 虚荣自负是他的致命伤.tendon attaching the calf muscles to the heel 跟腱（连接小腿三头肌与足跟的腱）./ˈeɪkɪ; `ekɪ/ adj (infml 口) full of or suffering from aches 疼痛的.

=> ache./ˈæsɪd; `æsɪd/ n  1 [U, C] (chemistry 化) substance that contains hydrogen, which can be replaced by a metal to form a salt 酸（能被金属置换出氢而成为盐的物质）: Vinegar contains acetic acid. 醋中含有醋酸. * Some acids burn holes in wood. 有些酸能把木头烧成洞. Cf 参看 alkali.  2 [C] any sour substance 酸味物质.  3 [U] (sl 俚) = LSD.  4 (idm 习语) the `acid test test that gives conclusive proof of the value or worth of sth/sb 决定性考验: The acid test of a good driver is whether he remains calm in an emergency. 衡量驾驶员水平的决定性考验, 就是看他在紧急关头能否保持镇静.

/ˈæsɪd; `æsɪd/ adj  1 having a bitter sharp taste; sour 酸味的; 酸的: A lemon is an acid fruit. 柠檬是一种酸的水果. * Vinegar has an acid taste. 醋有酸味.  2 (fig 比喻) severe; sarcastic 尖酸刻薄的; 讥讽的: an acid wit 讥讽的才智 * His remarks were rather acid. 他的话有些尖酸刻薄.  3 (chemistry 化) having the essential properties of an acid 酸性的. Cf 参看 alkaline (alkali).rainwater that is made acid by chemical substances (esp from factories) becoming dissolved in it, and that damages trees, crops, etc 酸雨./əˈsɪdɪk; ə`sɪdɪk/ adj of or like an acid 酸性的; 酸味的./əˈsɪdɪfaɪ; ə`sɪdəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -ied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become acid （使）变酸./əˈsɪdətɪ; ə`sɪdətɪ/ n [U] state or quality of being acid 酸味; 酸性: suffer from acidity of the stomach 患胃酸过多.adv sarcastically 讥讽地./ˌæsɪˈdəʊsɪs; ˌæsɪ`dosɪs/ n [U] condition of having too much acid in the blood or body tissues 酸中毒./əˈsɪdjʊleɪtɪd; <i>US</i> -ɪdʒʊl-; ə`sɪdʒəˌletɪd/ adj made slightly acid 带酸味的; 微酸的./əˈsɪdjʊləs; <i>US</i> -ɪdʒʊl-; ə`sɪdʒələs/ adj rather sharp or bitter in taste or manner （味）酸的; （态度）尖酸刻薄的./əkˈnɒlɪdʒ; ək`nɑlɪdʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.t] accept the truth of (sth); admit (sth) 承认（某事物）属实; 供认（某事物）: acknowledge the need for reform 承认改革的需要 * a generally acknowledged fact 公认的事实 * He acknowledged it to be true/that it was true. 他供认那是事实. * They refused to acknowledge defeat/that they were defeated/themselves beaten. 他们拒不承认失败[他们被打败/自己被击败].  2 [Tn] report that one has received (sth) 告知已收到（某物）: acknowledge (receipt of) a letter 告知已收到一封信.  3 [Tn] express thanks for (sth) 为（某事物）表示感谢: acknowledge help 对相助表示感谢 * His services to the country were never officially acknowledged. 他对国家所作的贡献从未受到过正式的表彰.  4 [Tn] show that one has noticed or recognized (sb) by a smile, nod of the head, greeting, etc 以微笑, 点头, 打招呼等表示注意到或认出（某人）: I was standing right next to her, but she didn't even acknowledge me/my presence. 我就站在她旁边, 可是她连个招呼都不跟我打.  5 (a) [Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (as sth) accept sb (as sth) 承认某人（为某事物）: Stephen acknowledged Henry as (ie recognized his claim to be) his heir. 斯蒂芬接受亨利为他的继承人. * He was generally acknowledged to be the finest poet in the land. 他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人. (b) [Tn] accept or recognize (sth) 接受或承认（某事物）: The country acknowledged his claim to the throne. 全国人民确认了他的王权.n  1 [U] act of acknowledging 承认; 致谢; 感谢: We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help. 我们谨奉薄酬, 对您的大力协助聊表谢忱.  2 [C] (a) letter, etc stating that sth has been received （表示收到某物的）回信, 收条, 回帖等: I didn't receive an acknowledgement of my application. 对我的申请, 我还没收到回信. (b) thing given or done in return for a service, etc 回敬之物; 答谢: These flowers are a small acknowledgement of your great kindness. 这些花是用来对您的恩惠略表谢意的.  3 [C, U] statement (in a book, etc) of an author's thanks to other people or writings that have helped him （于书籍等中, 作者对曾借助的人或作品的）志谢, 感谢: Her theory was quoted without (an) acknowledgement. 她的理论被人引用而未向她致谢./ˈækmɪ; `ækmɪ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) highest stage of development; point of perfection （发展的）顶点; （尽善尽美的）极点: reach the acme of success 达到成功的顶点./ˈæknɪ; `æknɪ/ n [U] inflammation of the oil-glands of the skin, producing red pimples on the face and neck 痤疮; 粉刺: Many adolescents suffer from/have acne. 很多青少年患有痤疮[长粉刺]./ˈækəlaɪt; `ækəˌlaɪt/ n  1 person who helps a priest in certain church services （教士或僧侣等在举行宗教仪式时的）助手; 侍僧.  2 assistant; apprentice; faithful follower 助手; 徒弟; 信徒./ˈækənaɪt; `ækəˌnaɪt/ n  1 [C, U] perennial plant with yellow or blue flowers and a poisonous root 乌头（一种开黄花或蓝花, 根有毒的植物, 又称狼毒）.  2 [U] drug made from this plant 用乌头制的药物./ˈeɪkɔːn; `eˌkɔrn/ n  1 fruit of the oak-tree, with a cup-like base 橡子, 栎实（栎树的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.  2 (idm 习语) big, etc oaks from little acorns grow => oak./əˈkuːstɪk; ə`kustɪk/ adj  1 (a) of sound or the sense of hearing 声音的; 听觉的. (b) of acoustics 1 传音效果的; 声学的.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a musical instrument) not electric （指乐器）原声的（不是电的）: an acoustic guitar 原声吉他. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.

n [sing] = acoustics 1: The hall has a fine acoustic. 这个大厅的传音效果很好.adv  The hall is excellent acoustically. 这个大厅在传音方面极好.n  1 [pl] (also acoustic [sing]) qualities of a room, hall, etc that make it good or bad for carrying sound （房间, 大厅等的）传音效果, 音响效果: The acoustics of this concert hall are excellent. 这个音乐厅的传音效果极好.  2 [sing v] scientific study of sound 声学; 音响学./əˈkweɪnt; ə`kwent/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself with sth make sb/oneself familiar with or aware of sth 使某人[自己]熟悉或了解某事物: Please acquaint me with the facts of the case. 请把这事的情况告诉我. * The lawyer acquainted himself with the details of his client's business affairs. 那位律师了解委托人生意上的详情./əˈkweɪntəns; ə`kwentəns/ n  1 [U] ~ with sth/sb (often slight) knowledge of sth/sb 对某事物[某人]（常为略微的）了解: He has some little acquaintance with the Japanese language. 他稍微会一点儿日语.  2 [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识而非密友者; 泛泛之交: He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交游甚广. * She's an old acquaintance, ie I've known her for a long time. 她是个老相识（我早就认识她）.  3 (idm 习语) have a nodding acquaintance with sb/sth => nod. make sb's acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb get to know sb; meet sb personally 结识某人; 与某人相见: I made his acquaintance at a party. 我是在一个聚会 上认识他的. on (further) ac`quaintance when known for a (longer) period of time 认识了一段（较长）时间以後: His manner seemed unpleasant at first, but he improved on further acquaintance. 他的举止起初让人很不愉快, 但是经过进一步接触他改了许多. scrape an acquaintance with sb => scrape1.adj [pred 作表语]  1 ~ with sth familiar with sth 对某事物熟悉: Are you acquainted with the works of Shakespeare? 你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗? * You will soon become fully acquainted with the procedures. 你很快就会对这些程序完全熟悉了.  2 ~ (with sb) knowing sb personally 对某人认识的: I am not acquainted with the lady. 我不认识那位女士. * We are/became acquainted. 我们认识[已经认识了]. * Let's get better acquainted. 让我们进一步相互了解吧./ˌækwɪˈes; ˌækwɪ`ɛs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc) 默认; 顺从; 默许（一计划, 结论等）: Her parents will never acquiesce in such an unsuitable marriage. 她的父母决不会答应这门不相宜的婚事./ˌækwɪˈesns; ˌækwɪ`ɛsns/ n [U]./-ˈesnt; -`ɛsnt/ adj ready to acquiesce 默认的; 顺从的: an acquiescent nature 和顺的性情 * She is too acquiescent, ie too ready to comply. 她太百依百顺了./əˈkwaɪə(r); ə`kwaɪr/ v  1 [Tn] (a) gain (sth) by one's own ability, efforts or behaviour （靠自己的能力, 努力或行为而）获得, 得到（某事物）: acquire a good knowledge of English, an antique painting, a taste for brandy, a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语, 得到一幅古画, 学会喝白兰地酒, 得到不诚实的名声. (b) obtain (sth); be given (sth) 取得（某事物）; 收到（某事物）: My sister couldn't take her desk with her to the new house: that's how I came to acquire it. 我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居, 我就是这样才得到它的. * We've just acquired a dog. 我们刚得到一支狗.  2 (idm 习语) an acquired `taste thing that one learns to like gradually 逐渐培养的爱好: Abstract art is an acquired taste. 抽象派艺术要慢慢才会欣赏./ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn; ˌækwə`zɪʃən/ n  1 [U] action of acquiring 获得; 得到: the acquisition of antiques, knowledge, a fortune 获得古董, 知识, 财富.  2 [C] thing acquired, esp sth useful 获得物（尤指有用的）: the library's most recent acquisitions, ie books it has obtained recently 图书馆最近增添的书籍 * The school has a valuable new acquisition (ie a valuable new teacher) in Mr Smith. 学校来了个生力军（很好的新教师）史密斯先生./əˈkwɪzətɪv; ə`kwɪzətɪv/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) keen to acquire things, esp material possessions 渴望得到的; 贪得无厌的, 一味追求的（尤指物质占有方面）: an acquisitive collector 贪多务得的收藏家. adv. n [U]./əˈkwɪt; ə`kwɪt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) declare sb to be not guilty (of a crime, etc); free or clear sb (of blame, responsibility, etc) 宣告某人无罪; 给某人平反, 免除责任: The jury acquitted him of (the charge of) murder. 陪审团宣告他谋杀罪（的罪名）不成立. Cf 参看 convict.  2 [Tn] ~ oneself well, badly, etc behave or perform in a specified way （以某种方式）活动或表现: He acquitted himself bravely in the battle. 他在战斗中表现得很勇敢./əˈkwɪtl; ə`kwɪtl/ n (law 律)  1 [C] judgement that a person is not guilty of the crime with which he has been charged 无罪的判决: There were three convictions and two acquittals in court today. 今日法庭宣判三人有罪, 两人无罪.  2 [U] being acquitted 被宣判无罪: Lack of evidence resulted in their acquittal. 因证据不足而宣判他们无罪./ˈeɪkə(r); `ekɚ/ n  1 measure of land, 4840 square yards or about 4050 square metres 英亩（等于4840平方码或约4050平方米）: a three-acre wood 三英亩的树林. =>App 4, 5 见附录4 5.  2 field; piece of land 耕地; 土地: rolling acres of farm land 起伏不平的广阔田地./ˈeɪkərɪdʒ; `ekərɪdʒ/ n [U] area of land measured in acres 以英亩量度的土地面积; 英亩数: What is the acreage of the farm? 这个农场有多少英亩?/ˈækrɪd; `ækrɪd/ adj  1 having a strongly bitter smell or taste 呛人的; 辛辣的; 苦的: acrid fumes from burning rubber 燃烧橡胶的刺鼻浓烟 * Vinegar smells acrid. 醋味呛人.  2 bitter in temper or manner; caustic （性情或态度）刻薄的, 讥刺的: an acrid dispute 一场激烈的争论. /əˈkrɪdətɪ; ə`krɪdətɪ/ n [U]./ˌækrɪˈməʊnɪəs; ˌækrə`monɪəs/ adj (esp of quarrels) bitter （尤指争吵）尖酸刻薄的: an acrimonious meeting, discussion, atmosphere 争吵激烈的会议, 讨论, 气氛. adv./ˈækrɪmənɪ; <i>US</i> -məʊnɪ; `ækrəˌmonɪ/ n [U] bitterness of manner or words （态度或言语的）尖刻, 刻薄: The dispute was settled without acrimony. 这场争论未剑拔弩张而获解决./ˈækrəbæt; `ækrəˌbæt/ n person, esp at a circus, who performs difficult or unusual physical acts (eg somersaults, walking on the hands or walking on a rope) 杂技演员./ˌækrəˈbætɪk; ˌækrə`bætɪk/ adj of or like an acrobat 杂技的; 像杂技表演的: acrobatic feats, skills 杂技, 杂技技艺. adv.n  1 [pl] acrobatic acts 杂技动作; 杂技: perform/do acrobatics 表演杂技 * Her acrobatics were greeted with loud applause. 她的杂技表演赢得了热烈的掌声.  2 [sing v] art of performing these 杂技表演艺术: Acrobatics takes a long time to learn. 杂技要用很长时间学习./ˈækrənɪm; `ækrənɪm/ n word formed from the initial letters of a group of words, eg UNESCO / ju:5neskEU; ju`nZsko/, ie United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 首字母缩略词（由一组词中各词的首字母组合而成的词, 如UNESCO是由United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization各词的首字母组成的词）./əˈkrɒpəlɪs; ə`krɑpəlɪs/ n citadel or upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city （古希腊城市的）卫城: Many tourists visit the Acropolis in Athens. 有很多游客参观雅典的卫城./əˈkrɒs; <i>US</i> əˈkrɔːs; ə`krɔs/ adv part  1 from one side to the other side 从一边到另一边; 横过: Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? * Will you row me across? 你划船把我送过去行吗? * I helped the blind man across. 我帮助那个盲人过去了. * Come across to my office this afternoon. 你今天下午到我办公室来一趟.  2 on the other side 在另一边: We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛, 午夜时应能抵达法国那边.  3 from side to side 从这边到那边之间; 宽: The river is half a mile across, ie wide. 这条河有半英里宽.prep (esp US) opposite (sth) 在...的对面: Just across from our house there's a school. 就在我们房子的对面有一所学校./əˈkrɒstɪk; <i>US</i> -ˈkrɔːs-; ə`krɔstɪk/ n poem or word-puzzle in which the first, or the first and last, letters of the lines form a word or words 离合诗; 离合字谜（数行诗句或文字的首字母或首尾字母能组合成词或词组者）./əˈkrɪlɪk; ə`krɪlɪk/ adj of a synthetic material made from an organic acid and used for making dress fabrics, etc 丙烯酸的.

n [U, C] acrylic fibre, plastic or resin 丙烯酸的纤维, 塑料或树脂./ækt; ækt/ n  1 (a) [C] thing done; deed 行为; 举动: It is an act of kindness/a kind act to help a blind man across the street. 帮助盲人过马路是做好事. * This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman. 这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为. (b) (the) Acts (of the Apostles) [pl] (in the Bible) accounts of the missionary work of the Apostles 《使徒行传》（《圣经》中对使徒传道的记述）. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [C] any of the main divisions of a play or an opera （戏剧中的）一幕: a play in five acts 一出五幕剧 * The hero dies in Act 4, Scene 3. 男主角在第4幕第3场中死去.  3 [C] any of a series of short performances in a programme; piece of entertainment 简短的节目; 一段表演: a circus act 马戏表演 * a song and dance act 歌舞表演.  4 [C] decree or law made by a legislative body （立法机构所立的）法案, 法令: an Act of Parliament （英国议会的）法例 * Parliament has passed an act which makes such sports illegal. 议会通过了一项法例, 规定这些娱乐是非法的.  5 [C] (infml 口) way of behaving which is not genuine, but which is adopted for the effect it will have on others; pretence (used esp as in the expressions shown 假装（尤用于以下示例）): Don't take her seriously  it's all an act. 别跟她认真--完全是装腔作势. * She's just putting on an act, ie only pretending. 她只是装模作样罢了.  6 (idm 习语) an ,act of `God (law 律) event caused by uncontrollable natural forces, eg a storm, a flood, an earthquake or a volcanic eruption 天灾, 自然灾害（如暴风雨, 水灾, 地震或火山爆发）: insure against all loss or damage excluding that caused by an act of God 承保一切损失或毁坏, 不包括天灾造成的. be/get in on the act (infml 口) be/become involved in a particular activity, esp for one's own benefit or profit （尤指为自己得到好处或利益而）参与某种活动: She has made a lot of money from her business and now her family want to get in on the act too. 她在生意上赚了大钱, 现在她家  的人也要插手了. do a disappearing act => disappear. (catch sb) in the (very) act (of doing sth) (discover sb) while he is doing sth, esp sth wrong （发现某人）正做某事（尤指坏事）; 当场: I caught her in the act (of reading my letters). 我当场发现了她（正在看我的信）. * In the act of bending down, he slipped and hurt his back. 他一弯腰滑倒了, 跌伤了背. read the Riot Act => read.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 An act or action can be good or bad. *act或action用于指好事或坏事均可. The words are close in meaning and sometimes identical 这两个词词义相近, 有时完全相同: a generous act/action 慷慨之举 *  the acts/actions of a monster 妖怪的举动. When speaking about general behaviour, actions is used 凡指一般的行动或行为, 可用 actions: He is impulsive in his actions. 他凭一时冲动行事. An act is often specified *act一词常伴有具体说明: Helping the homeless is an act of mercy. 帮助无家可归者是慈善行为. Deed is more formal and often refers to major acts *deed一词较文雅, 常指重大的举动: be guilty of many foul deeds 有多项恶行 *  He spent his whole life doing good deeds. 他一生行善.  2 Exploit, feat and achievement are all desirable or noteworthy actions.*exploit  feat  achievement三词均指令人向往的或值得注目的举动或行为. Both feat and achievementemphasize the difficulty of accomplishing something mental or physical *feat和achievement均着重指在脑力或体力方面完成某事物的艰巨性: Coming top in the exam was quite an achievement. 考第一是很了不起的成绩. *  The new bridge is a feat of engineering. 这座新桥是建筑工程的壮举. Exploit relates to the performance of a physical action or series of actions which are often brave or daring *exploit指体力的行为表现, 常为敢闯敢干的举动: The travellers wrote an account of their dangerous exploits in the Andes. 旅行者写了一篇叙述他们在安第斯山历险的文章.

/ækt; ækt/ v  1 [I] (a) do sth; perform actions 做某事; 采取行动: The time for talking is past; we must act at once. 没有时间再说了, 我们必须立刻行动. * The girl's life was saved because the doctors acted so promptly. 由于医生们行动迅速, 那个女孩子得救了. * You acted (ie behaved) wisely by/in ignoring such bad advice. 你没理会那些坏主意, 做得聪明. (b) do what is expected of one as a professional or an official person 以专业人员的身分去做; 尽职: The police refused to act without more evidence. 因为没有更多的证据, 警方拒绝受理.  2 (a) [I] perform a part in a play or film; be an actor or actress （在戏剧或电影中）演出; 当演员: Have you ever acted? 你当过演员吗? * She acts well. 她演得很好. (b) [Ln, Tn] take the part of (a character in a play or film) 扮演（戏剧或电影中的角色）: Who is acting (the part of) Hamlet? 谁扮演哈姆雷特（这个角色）? (c) [Ln, I] pretend by one's behaviour to be a certain person or type of person 装作, 仿效（某人或某种人的行为）: He's not really angry  he's just acting (the stern father). 他倒不是真生气--只是装装（严父的）样子罢了.  3 (idm 习语) act/play the fool => fool1. act/play the goat => goat.  4 (phr v) act as sb/sth perform the role or function of sb/sth 充任某角色; 担任某工作: I don't understand their language; you'll have to act as interpreter. 我不懂他们的语言, 你得当翻译了. act for/on behalf of sb perform sb's duties, etc on his behalf; represent sb 代理某人的职务; 代表某人: During her illness her solicitor has been acting for her in her business affairs. 在她患病期间, 她的律师一直代理她的业务. act on sth (a) take action in accordance with or as a result of sth 奉行; 根据某事物: Acting on information received, the police raided the club. 警方根据所获情报, 突然搜查了那个俱乐部. (b) have an effect on sth 对某事物起作用: Alcohol acts on the brain. 酒精对大脑有影响. act sth out act a part, usu in a real-life situation and for some purpose 扮演一角色（通常于现实生活中为某种目的）: She acted out the role of wronged lover to make him feel guilty. 她扮作受了冤枉的情人, 好让他感到内疚. act up (infml 口) cause pain or annoyance by functioning badly 出毛病; 犯病: My sprained ankle has been acting up badly all week. 我的脚扭伤了, 整整难受了一个星期. * The car's acting up again. 这辆汽车又出毛病了.n [U] (art or occupation of) performing parts in plays, films, TV, etc （在戏剧, 电影, 电视等中的）表演（的艺术或职业）; 演技: She did a lot of acting while she was at college. 她在念大学时演过很多次戏剧.

/ˈæktɪŋ; `æktɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] doing the duties of another person for a time 代理的: the acting manager, headmistress, etc 代理的经理, （女）校长等./ˈæktɪnɪzəm; `æktɪnˌɪzəm/ n [U] property of short-wave radiation that produces chemical changes, as in photography 光化性（光波的辐射性能, 可产生化学变化, 如摄影术中者）./ˈækʃn; `ækʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) process of doing sth; using energy or influence; activity 行动; 作用; 活动: I only like films that have got plenty of action. 我只喜欢有很多惊险动作的电影. * The time has come for action. 行动的时候到了. * a man of action, ie one who achieves much by being decisive and energetic 实干家（靠果敢和干劲而取得成就的人）. (b) [C]thing done; deed; act 所作之事; 行为; 行动: Her quick action saved his life. 她动作迅速因而救了他一命. * You must judge a person by his actions, not by what he says. 判断一个人, 要看他的所作所为, 而不是看他所说的话. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.  2 [U] events in a story or play （故事或戏剧中的）情节: The action is set in France. 事情发生在法国.  3 [sing] ~ on sth effect that one substance has on another （一物质对另一物质所起的）作用: The action of salt on ice causes it to melt. 盐作用于冰而使其融化.  4 [U] fighting in battle between troops, warships, etc （军队, 军舰等之间的）战斗, 战事: killed in action 阵亡 * the destruction caused by enemy action 敌军在战斗中造成的破坏 * He saw (ie was involved in) action in North Africa. 他曾经历了北非的战事.  5 [C] legal process; lawsuit 诉讼: He brought an action against her, ie sought judgement against her in a lawcourt. 他起诉她了.  6 [C] (a) way of functioning, esp of a part of the body 功能（尤指身体某部的）: study the action of the liver 研究肝功能. (b) way of moving, eg of an athlete, or of a horse when jumping 动作的姿势（如运动员或马跳时）: a fast bowler with a fine action 姿势优美而动作敏捷的滚木球运动员. (c) mechanism of an instrument, esp of a gun, piano or clock 机械装置（尤指枪炮, 钢琴, 钟表等者）.  7 (idm 习语) ,actions speak ,louder than `words (saying 谚) what a person actually does means more than what he says he will do 行动胜于语言. course of action => rsecourse. in `action in operation or engaging in a typical activity 在运转; 在操作; 在某项活动中: I've heard she's a marvellous player but I've never seen her in action. 我听说她是位高手, 但是我从未实地见过. into `action into operation or a typical activity 实施; 进行其活动: put a plan into action 将计划付诸实施 * At daybreak the troops went into action, ie started fighting. 拂晓时部队投入战斗. out of `action no longer able to operate or function; not working 不能再运转; 失去效用; 不工作: This machine is out of action. 这台机器出了故障. * The enemy guns put many of our tanks out of action. 敌军炮火击毁我军很多坦克. * I've been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿折了, 已经几个星期没工作了. a piece/slice of the `action (infml 口) involvement in some enterprise, esp in order to get a share of the profits 参与某事（尤指为获得利益的）: I'm only putting money into this scheme if I get a slice of the action. 我若能分一杯羹, 才出钱参与这一计划. swing into action => swing1. take `action do sth in response to what has happened 采取行动; 行动起来: Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延. take evasive action => evasive. where the `action is (infml 口) any place where life is thought to be busy, enjoyable, profitable, etc 热闹, 享乐, 有利可图等的地方: Life in the country can be dull  London is where all the action is. 乡下的生活有时是很枯燥的--伦敦才是最热闹的地方.group formed to take active measures, esp in politics 行动小组（尤指政治方面）.type of abstract painting in which the artist puts the paint on randomly, eg by throwing or splashing it 行动绘画（抽象派作画的一种, 画家任意泼洒颜料而成）.running again, often in slow motion, of part of a film showing a specific incident, esp in a sports match 动作重放（常为缓慢重放影片中某细节, 尤用于运动比赛中）.positions to which soldiers, etc go when fighting is expected to begin （即将开始作战时, 士兵等所应就的）战斗岗位: (fig 比喻) Action stations, I can hear the boss coming! 各就各位, 我已经听见老板来了!adj giving sufficient cause for a lawsuit 可提起诉讼的: Be careful what you say  your remarks may be actionable. 你说话要小心--你的话是可用来控告你的./ˈæktɪveɪt; `æktəˌvet/ v [Tn]  1 make (sth) active 使（某事物）活动: The burglar alarm was activated by mistake. 防盗铃误响了.  2 (physics 物) make (sth) radioactive 使（某物）产生放射性.  3 (chemistry 化) make (a reaction) happen more quickly, eg by heat 使（反应）加快（如藉加热）; 使活化. /ˌæktɪ`veɪʃn; ˌæktə`veʃən/ n [U]./ˈæktɪv; `æktɪv/ adj  1 (a) (in the habit of) doing things; energetic （惯于）做事的; 精力旺盛的; 积极的; 活跃的: Although he's quite old he's still very active. 他虽然老了, 可仍闲不住. * lead an active life, ie one full of activity 过着活跃的生活 * She takes an active part (ie is energetically involved) in local politics. 她积极参加本地的政治活动. (b) quick; lively 迅速的; 活跃的: have an active brain 头脑灵活.  2 functioning; in operation 起作用的; 操作中的: an active volcano, ie one that erupts occasionally 活火山.  3 having an effect; not merely passive 有效的; 主动的: the active ingredients 有效成分 * active resistance 积极抵抗.  4 radioactive 放射性的.  5 (grammar) of the form of a verb whose grammatical subject is the person or thing that performs the action, as in He was driving the car and The children ate the cake 主动语态的（动词的一种形态, 其语法上的主语为施动的人或物, 如 He was driving the car及The children ate the cake等句）. Cf 参看 passive.

n [sing] (also active voice) (grammar) active(5) forms of a verb 动词的主动语态形式: In the sentence `She cleaned the car' the verb is in the active. 在She cleaned the car句中, 动词是主动式. Cf 参看 passive voice (passive).full-time service in the armed forces, esp during a war 现役: be on active service 服现役.adv: actively involved in the project 积极参与该计划 * Your proposal is being actively considered. 你的建议正获积极考虑.n [U]./ˈæktɪvɪst; `æktɪvɪst/ n person who takes or supports vigorous action, esp for a political cause 积极分子（参与或支持激烈活动的人, 尤指政治方面）./ækˈtɪvətɪ; æk`tɪvətɪ/ n  1 [U] (a) being active or lively 活动性; 活力. (b) busy or energetic action 繁忙的或充满活力的活动: The house has been full of activity all day. 房子  整天都很热闹.  2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] specific thing or things done; action; occupation 所做的事情; 活动; 工作; 消遣: outdoor, recreational, sporting, classroom activities 户外, 娱乐, 体育, 课堂活动 * Her activities include tennis and painting. 她的活动包括打网球和绘画. * Sailing is an activity I much enjoy. 帆船运动是我非常喜爱的活动./ˈæktə(r); `æktɚ/ n person who acts on the stage, on TV or in films 演员./ˈæktrɪs; `æktrɪs/ n woman actor 女演员./ˈæktʃʊəl; `æktʃᴜəl/ adj existing in fact; real 实在的; 真实的; 实际的; 确实的: What were his actual words? 他到底是怎么说的? * The actual cost was much higher than we had expected. 实际成本比我们预料的高得多. * He looks younger than his wife, but in actual fact he's a lot older. 他看上去比他妻子年轻, 可是实际上他大得多. =>Usage at new 用法见new./ˌæktʃʊˈælətɪ; ˌæktʃᴜ`ælətɪ/ n  1 [U] actual existence; reality 实际; 真实.  2 actualities [pl] existing conditions; facts 实际情况; 现状; 事实./ˈæktʃʊəlɪ; `æktʃᴜəlɪ/ adv  1 really; in fact 实际地; 实在地: What did he `actually say? 他实际上说了些什么? * Actually, I'm busy at the moment  can I phone you back? 说实在的, 我现在正忙着--我给你回电话行吗? * the political party actually in power 实际掌权的政党.  2 though it may seem strange; even 居然; 竟然: He actually expected me to pay for his ticket. 他竟然指望我给他付票钱. * She not only entered the competition  she actually won it!她不但参加了竞赛--而且居然获胜了!/ˌæktʃʊˈeərɪəl; ˌæktʃᴜ`ɛrɪəl/ adj./ˈæktʃʊərɪ; <i>US</i> -tʃʊerɪ; `æktʃᴜˌɛrɪ/ n expert who calculates insurance risks and premiums (by studying rates of mortality and frequency of accidents, fires, thefts, etc) 精算师（保险业的专业人员, 以研究死亡率及事故, 火灾, 窃案等的频率为依据来估算风险和保险费者）. /ˈæktʃʊeɪt; `æktʃᴜˌet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (a machine, an electrical device, etc) move or work; make (a process) begin 使（机器, 电器等）开动, 发动; 使（一过程）开始.  2 cause (sb) to act; motivate 使（某人）行动; 促使: He was actuated solely by greed. 他完全是受了贪欲的驱使./əˈkjuːətɪ; ə`kjuətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) (esp of thought or the senses) sharpness; acuteness （尤指思想或感官）敏锐, 尖锐./ˈækjʊmen, also əˈkjuːmən; ə`kjumən/ n [U] ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly; shrewdness 敏锐; 精明; 聪明: business acumen 善理业务的才智 * have/show/display great political acumen 有[显示/展现]极大的政治才干./ˈækjʊpʌŋktʃə(r); `ækjᴜˌpʌŋktʃɚ/ n [U] (medical 医) method of pricking the tissues of the human body with fine needles in order to cure disease, to relieve pain or as a local anaesthetic 针刺疗法; 针刺.n expert in acupuncture 针疗医师./əˈkjuːt; ə`kjut/ adj (-r, -st)  1 very great; severe 极大的; 严重的: suffer acute hardship 遭受极大的苦难 * There's an acute shortage of water. 严重缺水.  2 (a) (of feelings or the senses) keen; sharp; penetrating （指感觉或感官）敏锐的, 深刻的, 剧烈的: suffer acute pain, embarrassment, remorse, etc 感到剧烈的疼痛, 极度的尴尬, 深深的懊悔等 * Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很敏锐. (b) shrewd; perceptive 精明的; 有观察力的: He is an acute observer. 他是个敏锐的观察家. * Her judgement is acute. 她的判断力很强.  3 (of an illness) coming quickly to the most severe or critical stage （指疾病）急性的: acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎 * an acute patient, ie one whose illness has reached this stage 患急性病的病人. Cf 参看 chronic. angle of less than 90 锐角（小于90的角）. =>illus at angle 见angle之插图.over a vowel () as over e in cafe 锐音符, 锐重音（标在元音上方的变音符号, 如cafe一字中e上方的 ）.adv  I am acutely aware of the difficulty we face. 我深切地了解我们所面临的困难.n [U]./ˌeɪ ˈdiː; ˌe `di abbr 缩写 ê in the year of œur ɚord; of the ɒhristian era (ɚatin anno domini) 公元（源自拉 丁文anno domini）ː in (the year) ˌˈˈ æˈã/,AD 5`5, 公元55年. Cf 参看 BC 1./æd; æd/ n (infml 口) =advertisement (advertise): put an ad in the local paper 在本地报纸上刊登广告./ˌæd ˈhɒk; `æd`hɑk/ adj, adv (Latin 拉)  1 (made or arranged) for a particular purpose only; special(ly) 仅为某一目的（而做或安排）（的）; 特别（的）: appoint an ad hoc committee to deal with the affair 指定一特别委员会处理此事.  2 (in a way that is) not planned in advance; informal(ly) 非事先计划（的）; 非正式（的）: Problems were solved on an ad hoc basis. 做了一些变通问题便解决了. * Points of policy are decided ad hoc. 政策的条款是临时决定的./ˌædˌɪnfɪˈnaɪtəm; `ædˌɪnfə`naɪtəm/ (Latin 拉) without limit; for ever 无限地; 永远地: I don't want to go on working here ad infinitum. 我不愿意永远在这里干下去./ˌæd ˈlɪb; æd`lɪb/ adj (infml 口) (esp of speaking and performing in public) without preparation; spontaneous （尤指当众讲话及表演）未经事先准备的, 即兴的, 即席的: give an ad lib (ie improvised) performance 作即兴表演.

adv (infml 口)  1 without preparation; spontaneously 即兴地; 即席地; 临时地: I had forgotten to bring my notes and had to speak ad lib. 我忘记带讲稿了, 只好临时讲几句.  2 as one pleases; without restraint; freely 随便地; 无拘束地; 自由地: We were told to help ourselves to the food ad lib. 这些食物让我们随便吃.

v (-bb-) [I] (infml 口) speak or act without preparation, esp when performing in public; improvise 临时讲话或表演（尤指当众）; 即席表演: The actress often forgot her lines but was very good at ad libbing. 那个女演员常忘台词, 却极擅长临时拼凑./ˌæd ˈnɔːzɪm; `æd`nɔzɪˌæm/ (Latin 拉) to an excessive or sickening extent 达到过分或厌烦的程度: play the same four records ad nauseam, ie again and again so that it becomes irritating 没完没了地播放那四张唱片（一遍又一遍而使人生厌）./ˈædɪdʒ; `ædɪdʒ/ n traditional saying; proverb 格言; 箴言; 谚语./əˈdɑːdʒɪəʊ; ə`dɑdʒɪo/ adj, adv (music 音) in slow time; slowly and gracefully 缓慢（的）; 缓慢而优美（的）.

n (pl -gios) (part of a) piece of music (to be) played in this way 缓慢速度的乐曲（的乐章）./ˈædəm; `ædəm/ n  1 (in the Bible) the first man 亚当（《圣经》中的第一个男人）.  2 (idm 习语) not know sb from Adam => know.part at the front of the neck, especially prominent in men, that moves up and down when one speaks 喉结. =>illus at throat 见throat之插图./ˈædəmənt; `ædəˌmənt/ adj (esp of a person or his manner) firmly or stubbornly determined; unwilling to be persuaded （尤指人或态度）坚决的, 坚强的, 倔强的, 坚定不移的: an adamant refusal 断然拒绝 * She was quite adamant that she would not come. 她坚决不来. * On this point I am adamant, ie my decision will not change. 在这一点上我是坚定不移的. adv./əˈdæpt; ə`dæpt/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物适合于新的用途, 情况等; 修改某事物: This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater. 这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的. * These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) (from sth) alter or modify (a text) for television, the stage, etc （为电视, 舞台等）改编或改写（稿本）: This novel has been adapted for radio (ie translated and changed so that it can be presented on the radio) from the Russian original. 这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目（经翻译及改写後可于无线电中播放）.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) (to sth) become adjusted to new conditions, etc 适应（新环境等）: Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境. * She adapted (herself) quickly to the new climate. 她很快地适应了这种新的气候./əˌdæptəˈbɪlətɪ; əˌdæptə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U].adj (a) (approv 褒) able to adapt oneself/itself 能适应的; 适应性强的: He is not very adaptable, ie does not adapt easily to new circumstances, etc. 他的适应性不强. (b) able to be adapted 可改编的; 可改写的. /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn; ˌædæp`teʃən/ n ~ (of sth) (for/to sth) 1 [U] (esp biology 尤用于生物学) action or process of adapting or being adapted 适应; 适应性; 适应性变化.  2 [C] thing made by adapting sth else, esp a text for production on the stage, radio, etc 改制物; （尤指为舞台演出, 无线电广播等而源自其它材料的）改编本: an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare 为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本.n  1 device that connects pieces of equipment that were not originally designed to be connected 适配器, 转接器（用以转接不可直接连接的器材）.  2 type of plug that enables several electrical appliances to be connected to one socket 转接器（可使几个用电器连接于同一插座上的一种插头）.  3 (also adapter) person who adapts sth 改编者./ˌeɪ diː ˈsiː; ˌe di `si/ abbr 缩写 = aide-de-camp./æd; æd/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put sth together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc 加; 添; 增加: Whisk the egg and then add the flour. 打好鸡蛋以後再加面粉. * He added his signature (to the petition). 他（在请愿书上）签上了自己的名字. * If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 若茶太酽, 就再加些水. * Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版  新增加了很多词. * This was an added (ie an extra, a further) disappointment. 这又是一件失望的事.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together) put (numbers or amounts) together to get a total 加: If you add 5 and 5 (together), you get 10.  5加5得10. * Add 9 to the total. 在总数上再加9. Cf 参看 subtract.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (to sth) continue to say sth; make (a further remark) 继续说; 又说; 补充说: I have nothing to add to my earlier statement. 我对我先前说的话, 没有什么补充的. * `And don't be late,' she added. 她又加上一句榶‘可别迟到.’ * As a postscript to his letter he added that he loved her. 他在信中加上附言, 写上了他爱她.  4 (idm 习语) add ,fuel to the `flames do or say sth that makes people react more strongly or fiercely 火上加油（做的或说的使人反应更强烈或激烈）. add ,insult to `injury make a relationship with another person even worse by offending him as well as actually harming him 伤害之外又加侮辱（使关系更糟）.  5 (phr v) add sth in include sth; put or pour sth in 包括某事物; 把某物加进去. add sth on (to sth) include or attach sth 包括或附加某事物: add on a 10% service charge 加上10%服务费. add to sth increase sth 增加某事物: The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难. * The house has been added to (ie New rooms, etc have been built on to it) from time to time. 这所房子不时进行扩建. add up (infml 口) seem reasonable or consistent; make sense 前後一致; 合理: His story just doesn't add up  he must be lying. 他说的前後不一致--一定撒谎了. add (sth) up calculate the total of (two or more numbers or amounts) （两个或两个以上的数或量）加起来: The waiter can't add up. 这个服务员不会算帐. * Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起. add up to sth (a) amount to sth 总计共达: These numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100. (b) (infml 口) be equivalent to sth; indicate sth 相等于某事物; 意为某事物: These clues don't really add up to very much, ie give us very little information. 这些线索没什么实际意义./əˈdendəm; ə`dɛndəm/ n (pl -da / -dE;-dE/)  1 [C] thing that is to be added 附加物.  2 addenda [sing or pl v] material added at the end of a book 补遗; 补编; 附录./ˈædə(r); `ædɚ/ n small poisonous snake; viper  腹蛇, 蝰蛇（一种小毒蛇）./ˈædɪkt; æ`dɪkt/ n  1 person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, etc 离不开麻醉药, 酒类等的人; 有瘾的人: a heroin addict 有海洛因毒瘾的人.  2 person who is strongly interested in sth 对某事物有强烈兴趣的人: a chess, TV, football addict 棋迷, 电视迷, 足球迷./əˈdɪktɪd; ə`dɪktɪd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth)  1 unable to stop taking or using sth as a habit 成习惯而离不开某事物; 对某事物有瘾: become addicted to drugs, alcohol, tobacco, etc 对麻醉药, 酒, 烟等上瘾了.  2 strongly interested in sth as a hobby or pastime 对某事物有强烈兴趣而成为嗜好或消遣的: be addicted to TV soap operas 沉迷于电视连续剧./əˈdɪkʃn; ə`dɪkʃən/ n [U, C] ~ (to sth) condition of taking drugs, etc habitually and being unable to stop doing so without suffering adverse effects 瘾; 沉溺: heroin addiction 海洛因毒瘾 * overcome one's addiction to alcohol 克制酒瘾./əˈdɪktɪv; ə`dɪktɪv/ adj causing addiction 使人上瘾的: addictive drugs 使人上瘾的麻醉药物 * Coffee is addictive in a mild way. 咖啡能稍微使人上瘾./əˈdɪʃn; ə`dɪʃən/ n  1 [U] adding, esp calculating the total of two or more numbers 加（尤指计算两个或两个以上数目的总和）.  2 [C] ~ (to sth) person or thing added or joined 增加的人或事物: Such an outfit would be a useful addition to my wardrobe. 在我的服装中添置这一套会有用的. * They've just had an addition to the family, ie another child. 他们家  刚刚又添了一口人（另一个孩子）. * Ann will be a very useful addition to our team. 安来到我们队给我们增加了一员干将.  3 (idm 习语) in addition (to sb/sth) as an extra person, thing or circumstance 加之; 除...之外: In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. 除此（名单上的名字）之外, 还有六个申请人./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj added; extra; supplementary 附加的; 另外的; 外加的: additional charges, candidates, supplies 外加的费用, 候选人, 供应. /-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adv./ˈædɪtɪv; `ædətɪv/ n substance added in small amounts for a special purpose 为某目的而加进的少量 物质; 添加剂: chemical additives in food 食品中的化学添加剂 * food additives, ie to add colour or flavour to the food or to preserve it 食品添加剂（用以增加食物的颜色或味道或使之防腐）.

adj involving addition 添加的; 附加的./ˈædl; `ædl/ v  1 [Tn] confuse (sth/sb); muddle 将（某事物）弄乱; 将（某人）弄糊涂; 使混乱: My brain feels addled. 我感到昏头昏脑的.  2 (a) [I] (of an egg) become rotten and not produce a chick （指蛋）变坏而不能孵化. (b) [Tn] cause (an egg) to become rotten 使（蛋）变坏: addled eggs 变坏了的蛋./əˈdres; <i>US</i> ˈædres; `ædrɛs/ n  1 details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters, etc may be delivered 住址; 地址; 通讯处: Tell me if you change your address. 如果你的地址改变了, 请告诉我. * My home/business address is 3 West St, Oxford. 我家[办公处]的地址是牛津西街3号.  2 speech made to an audience 演说; 演讲.  3 (computing 计) part of a computer instruction that specifies where a piece of information is stored （计算机指令中标明某信息储存于何处的）位址.  4 (idm 习语) a form of address => form1./əˈdjuːs; <i>US</i> əˈduːs; ə`dus/ v [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) forward as an example or as proof 提出, 举出（某事物）为例或为证; 引证: I could adduce several reasons for his strange behaviour. 对他的奇怪行为, 我能提出几点原因./ˌædɪˈnɔɪdl; ˌædn`ɔɪdl/ adj  1 of the adenoids 腺样增殖的.  2 affected by diseased adenoids 患腺样增殖症的: an adenoidal child, voice 患腺样增殖症的儿童, 嗓音./ˈædɪnɔɪdz; <i>US</i> -dən-; `ædnˌɔɪdz/ n [pl] (anatomy 解) pieces of spongy tissue between the back of the nose and the throat, often making breathing and speaking difficult 腺样增殖体（鼻後与喉之间的海绵状组织, 常可造成呼吸及说话困难）: have one's adenoids out, ie by a surgical operation 摘除某人的腺样增殖体（施外科手术） * (infml 口) She's got adenoids, ie is suffering from an inflammation of the adenoids. 她患腺样增殖症./ˈædept, əˈdept; `ædɛpt, ə`dɛpt/ adj ~ (in sth); ~ (at/in doing sth) expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对（做）某事物内行的, 熟练的: She's adept at growing roses. 她善于种玫瑰花.

n ~ (at/in sth) person who is skilful (in sth) （某事物的）行家; 内行; 熟手: He's an adept in carpentry. 他是木工行家./ˈædɪkwəsɪ; `ædəkwəsɪ/ n [U]. adequately adv: Are you adequately insured? 你买的保险够不够?/ˈædɪkwət; `ædəkwət/ adj ~ (to/for sth) satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficient （数量或质量）令人满意的; 足够的; 充分的; 适当的: take adequate precautions 采取适当的预防措施 * Our accommodation is barely adequate. 我们的住房不太够用. * Their earnings are adequate (to their needs). 他们挣的钱足够（需要）. * Your work is adequate but I'm sure you could do better. 你的工作做得不错, 但是我肯定你还能做得更好. * She has adequate grounds for a divorce. 她离婚有充分的理由. /ədˈhɪə(r); əd`hɪr/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) remain attached (to sth); stick (as if) by means of glue or suction 固着（于某物）; 胶着; 粘着; 附着: Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. 浆糊是用以使一个接触面粘住另一个接触面的.  2 [Ipr] ~ to sth (a) give support to sth; remain faithful to sth 坚持某事物; 忠于某事物: adhere to one's opinions, a promise, a political party 坚持自己的意见, 坚守诺言, 忠于一政党. (b) act in accordance with sth; follow sth 依照某事物; 遵循某事物: adhere to one's principles, a treaty, a schedule, the rules 坚持自己的原则, 遵守一条约, 遵照一时间表, 依照规则./-rəns; -rəns/ n [U] ~ (to sth): their strict adherence to their religion 他们对其宗教虔诚的信奉./ədˈhɪərənt; əd`hɪrənt/ n supporter of a party or doctrine （一政党或主义的）支持者, 拥护者: The movement is gaining more and more adherents. 支持这个运动的人越来越多了.

adj ~ (to sth) sticking; adhering 粘着的; 附着的: an adherent surface 粘着面. /ədˈhiːʒn; əd`hiʒən/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sth) being or becoming attached (to sth) （与某物）粘合; 粘附, 附着（于某物）.  2 [U] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) support (for a plan, an ideology, a political party, etc) 支持, 拥护（一计划, 思想, 政党等）.  3 (medical 医) (a) [U] unnatural growing together of body tissues that are normally separate, as a result of inflammation or injury 粘连（因炎症病变或损伤而使体内组织粘在一起）. (b) [C] tissue formed in this way 粘连的组织: painful adhesions caused by a wound that is slow to heal 愈合缓慢的伤口引起的粘连疼痛./ədˈhiːsɪv; əd`hisɪv/ adj that can adhere; causing things to adhere; sticky 可粘着的; 黏性的: adhesive side of a stamp 邮票[印花]有胶黏的一面 * adhesive tape/plaster 黏胶带[橡皮膏].

n [C, U] substance that makes things stick 胶黏剂: quick-drying adhesives 快乾胶（合剂）. Cf 参看 cement 2, glue./əˈdjuː; <i>US</i> əˈduː; ə`du/ interj, n (pl adieus or  adieux / E5dju:z; ?@ E5du:z; E`duz/) (arch or fml 古或文)  1 goodbye 再见: Bidding them adieu we departed. 我们向他们告别後就离开了.  2 (idm 习语) make one's a`dieus say goodbye 告别; 辞行./ˈædɪpəʊs; `ædəˌpos/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of animal fat; fatty 脂肪的; 多脂肪的: a layer of adipose tissue under the skin 皮下的一层脂肪组织. /ˌædɪˈpɒsətɪ; ˌædə`pɑsətɪ/ n [U].abbr 缩写 = Adjutant.adjacent / E5dVeIsnt; E`dVesnt/ adj ~ (to sth) situated near or next to sth; close or touching 与某物邻近的; 毗连的; 接近的; 相接触的: We work in adjacent rooms. 我们在邻接的房间  工作. * My room is adjacent to his. 我的房间与他的相连接. /-snsɪ; -snsɪ/ n [U]. (geometry 几) angles that share a common line 邻角（有一条公共边的角）. =>illus at angle 见angle之插图.adv./ˌædʒekˈtaɪvl; ˌædʒɪk`taɪvl/ adj of or like an adjective 形容词的; 像形容词的: an adjectival phrase/clause 形容词短语[从句]. /ˌdʒekˈtaɪvəlɪ; ˌædʒɪk`taɪvlɪ/ adv./ˈædʒɪktɪv; `ædʒɪktɪv/ n (grammar) word that indicates a quality of the person or thing referred to by a noun, eg old, rotten, foreign in an old house, rotten apples, foreign names 形容词（表示作为名词的人或事物的性质的词, 如在an old house, rotten apples, foreign names中的old, rotten, foreign）./əˈdʒɔɪn; ə`dʒɔɪn/ v [I, Tn] be next or nearest to and joined with (sth) 临近; 邻近; 接近; 毗连: We heard laughter in the adjoining room. 我们听到了邻屋的笑声. * The playing-field adjoins the school. 运动场紧靠着学校./əˈdʒɜːn; ə`dʒɝn/ v  1 (a) [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] stop (a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone 停止（会议等）一段时间; 休（会）; 使延期: The trial was adjourned for a week/until the following week. 审讯暂停一星期[下星期继续进行]. (b) [I] (of people at a meeting, in court, etc) stop proceedings and separate （指会议, 法庭等的人）休会, 休庭: The court will adjourn for lunch. 法庭午餐时间休庭. * Let's adjourn until tomorrow. 咱们休会, 明天继续进行.  2 [Ipr] ~to... (of people who have come together) go to another place （指聚集的人）到另一处去: After dinner we all adjourned to the lounge. 饭後我们都到休息室去了. n [C, U]: The judge granted us a short adjournment. 法官准予我们短期休庭./əˈdʒʌdʒ; ə`dʒʌdʒ/ v (fml 文)  1 (also adjudicate) [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] declare officially or decide by law 审判; 裁决; 依法判处: The court adjudged that she was guilty. 法院宣判她有罪. * The court adjudged her (to be) guilty. 法院判定她有罪.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb award sth to sb 将某事物判给, 断与某人: The court adjudged legal damages to her. 法院将法定损害赔偿金判给了她./əˈdʒuːdɪkeɪt; ə`dʒudɪˌket/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] act as judge in a court, tribunal, contest, etc 判决; 裁决; 裁判: Would you please adjudicate on who should get the prize? 请你评判谁应该得奖好吗? (b) [Tn] judge and give a decision on (sth) 裁断, 裁定（某事物）: adjudicate sb's claim for damages 裁定某人提出的对损害赔偿金的要求.  2 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] = adjudge 1./əˌdʒuːdɪˈkeɪʃn; əˌdʒudɪ`keʃən/ n [U].n judge, esp in a competition 裁判, 评判员（尤指竞赛中者）./ˈædʒʌŋkt; `ædʒʌŋkt/ n  1 ~ (to/of sth) thing that is added or attached to sth else but is less important and not essential 附加物; 附属品; 附件.  2 (grammar) adverb or adverbial phrase added to a clause or sentence to modify the meaning of the verb 附加语, 修饰语（从句或句子中修饰或限定动词的副词或副词短语）./ˌdʒʊəˈreɪʃn; ˌædʒᴜ`reʃən/ n [U, C]./əˈdʒʊə(r); ə`dʒᴜr/ v [Dn.t] (fml 文) command or request (sb) earnestly or solemnly 恳切地或郑重地命令或要求（某人）: I adjure you to tell the truth before this court. 我要求你对本庭说实话. /əˈdʒʌst; ə`dʒʌst/ v  1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange 整理; 整顿; 安排: She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发. (b) alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 校准; 调准; 校正: adjust the rear mirror, the focus of a camera, the sights of a gun 调准後视镜, 照相机的焦距, 枪炮的瞄准器 * The brakes need adjusting. 制动器需要调节了. * Please do not adjust your set, eg as a warning on a TV screen that the controls do not need to be changed. 请勿自行调节（如电视机屏幕上的警告语句, 意为各项操作装置无需更动）.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth/oneself) (to sth) become or make suited (to new conditions); adapt 使适合（新环境等）; 适应: former soldiers who have difficulty in adjusting to civilian life 很难适应平民生活的退伍军人 * The body quickly adjusts (itself) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速（自行）调节以适应气温的变化.  3 [Tn] decide (the amount to be paid out for loss or damages) when settling an insurance claim （结算保险赔偿金时）评定（对损失应付的款额或损害赔偿）.adj that can be adjusted 可调节的; 可调整的: adjustable seat-belts 可调节的座位安全带.n [C, U] (act of) adjusting 调节; 调整; （保险赔偿款额的）评定: I've made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan. 我对座次表作了小小的调整. * Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 可能有必要调节一下镜头./ˈædʒʊtənt; `ædʒətənt/ n army officer responsible for administrative work in a battalion 副官.type of large Indian stork 秃鹳（一种印度大鹳）.high-ranking administrative officer in the army 副官处长.abbr 缩写 = Admiral: Adm (Richard) Hill 海军上将（理查）希尔./ˈædmn; `ædˌmæn/ n (pl admen / 5dmen;`AdmZn/) (infml 口) person who produces commercial advertisements 制作商业广告的人./ˈædmæs; `ædmæs/ n [sing] (dated 旧 Brit) section of the public that is thought to be easily influenced by advertising and the media 易受广告及传播媒介影响的大众./ədˈmɪnɪstə(r); əd`mɪnəstɚ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) hand out or give sth formally; provide 正式发给或给予某事物; 供给: administer punishment, justice, comfort 予以惩罚, 主持正义, 给予安慰 * administer relief to famine victims 向饥民发放救济品 * administer the last rites to a dying man 为临死的人主持临终仪式 * administer an oath to sb, ie hear him swear it officially 使某人宣誓. (b) [Tn] put (sth) into operation; apply 执行; 施行; 实施: administer the law 执法.  2 [Tn] control the affairs of (a business, etc); manage 管理（业务等）; 治理: administer a charity, a trust fund, an estate 经管慈善事业, 信托基金, 地产 * administer (ie govern) a country 治理国家./ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn; ədˌmɪnə`streʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) administering; giving 实施; 执行; 给予; 供给: be responsible for the administration of justice, the law, charitable aid, an oath, a remedy 负责赏罚, 执法, 慈善救济, 主持宣誓, 用药.  2 [U] management of public or business affairs 公共事务的管理; 经营; 行政: He works in hospital administration. 他从事医院管理工作. * Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. 校长的行政工作比教学工作多.  3 (often 常作 the Administration) [C] (part of the Government that manages public affairs during the) period of office of a US President 美国总统任期; 美国总统任期内的政府: during the Kennedy Administration 在肯尼迪总统任期内 * Successive administrations have failed to solve the country's economic problems. 历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题./ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv; <i>US</i> -streɪtɪv; əd`mɪnəˌstretɪv/ adj of or involving the management of public or business affairs 管理公共事务的; 经营的; 行政的: an administrative post, problem 行政职位, 问题 * Her duties are purely administrative. 她的职责纯粹是行政方面的. adv  administratively complicated 行政上复杂的./ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r); əd`mɪnəˌstretɚ/ n 1 (a) person responsible for managing (esp business) affairs 管理人; 行政人员. (b) person able to manage well 有管理能力的人; 有行政才能的人: She's an excellent administrator. 她是个优秀的管理人员.  2 (law 律) person appointed to manage the property of others 被指定管理他人财产的人./ˈædmərəbl; `ædmərəbl/ adj deserving or causing admiration; excellent 令人钦佩的; 极好的: an admirable performance 优美的表演 * His handling of the situation was admirable. 他对这情况的处理令人钦佩. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˈædmərəl; `ædmərəl/ n (a) naval officer of high rank; officer commanding a fleet or squadron 海军将官; 舰队司令: rear-admiral 海军少将 * vice-admiral 海军中将 * The admiral visits the ships under his command by helicopter. 舰队司令乘直升机视察他所指挥的军舰. (b) Admiral naval officer of the second highest rank 海军上将. =>App 9 见附录9.commander-in-chief of the Navy 海军元帅./-əltɪ; -əltɪ/ n [Gp] the Admiralty (Brit) (formerly) Government department controlling the Navy （旧时）海军部./ˌædməˈreɪʃn; ˌædmə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] feeling of respect, warm approval or pleasure 钦佩; 赞赏; 羡慕: Her handling of the crisis fills me with admiration. 她对这一危机的处理使我赞叹不已. * I have great admiration for his courage. 我十分佩服他的勇气. * They looked in silent admiration at the painting. 他们默默地欣赏着那幅画.  2 [sing] person or thing that is admired 受到赞赏的人或事物: He was the admiration of his whole family. 他受到全家人的敬重.  3 (idm 习语) a mutual admiration society => mutual./ədˈmaɪə(r); əd`maɪr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth) regard sb/sth with respect, pleasure, satisfaction, etc 钦佩, 赞赏, 羡慕某人[某事物]: They admired our garden. 他们称赞我们的花园. * I admire him for his success in business. 我佩服他事业有成.  2 [Tn] express admiration of (sb/sth) 表示赞美, 夸奖（某人[某事物]）: Aren't you going to admire my new hat? 你难道不想夸夸我的新帽子吗? n (a) person who admires sb/sth 赞赏者; 羡慕者: I am not a great admirer of her work. 我对她的工作不太欣赏. (b) man who admires and is attracted to a woman 爱慕某女子的男子: She has many admirers. 她有许多追求者.adj showing or feeling admiration 赞赏的; 赞美的; 羡慕的: give sb/receive admiring glances 投以[赢得]赞赏的目光 * be welcomed by admiring fans 受到崇拜者的欢迎.adv./ədˌmɪsəˈbɪlətɪ; ədˌmɪsə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ədˈmɪsəbl; əd`mɪsəbl/ adj  1 (law 律) that can be allowed 可容许的; 可采纳的: admissible evidence 可采纳的证据.  2 (fml 文) worthy of being accepted or considered 值得接受的; 值得考虑的: Such behaviour is not admissible among our staff. 这种行为在我们职员中是不允许的. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./ədˈmɪʃn; əd`mɪʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (to/into sth) entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc 进入或获准进入某建筑物, 社团, 学校等: Admission (to the club) is restricted to members only. 只准会员进入（俱乐部）. * Admission to British universities depends on examination results. 英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭. * A week after his admission into the army, he fell ill. 他入伍後一星期就病了. * Do they charge for admission? 入场要收费吗? * How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace? 怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫?  2 [U] money charged for being admitted to a public place 公众场所入场费; 门票钱: You have to pay 2 admission. 你须付2英镑入场费.  3 [U] ~ (of sth); ~ (that...) statement acknowledging the truth of sth; confession 承认; 招认; 供认; 坦白: an admission that one has lied 对自己说了谎的供认 * Her resignation amounts to an admission of failure. 她的辞职等于承认失败.  4 (idm 习语) by/on one's own ad`mission as one has oneself admitted 如其自己所承认的: He is a coward by his own admission. 他自己承认是个胆小鬼./ədˈmɪt; əd`mɪt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (into/to sth) (a) allow sb/sth to enter 许可某人[某物]进入: That man is not to be admitted. 不准那个人进来. * Each ticket admits two people to the party. 每张票可供两人入场参加聚会. * The small window admitted very little light. 那扇小窗户只能透进一点光线. (b) accept sb into a hospital as a patient, or into a school, etc as a pupil 接受某人（入院或入学等）: The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生. * He was admitted to hospital with minor burns. 他因轻度烧伤而入院.  2 [Tn] (of an enclosed space) have room for (sb/sth) （指一范围内）可容纳（某人[某事物]）: The theatre admits only 250 people. 这家戏院只能容纳250人.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] ~ to sth/doing sth recognize or acknowledge sth as true, often reluctantly; confess sth 承认, 供认, 招认（常为不情愿地）; 坦白某事物: George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错. * The prisoner has admitted his guilt. 犯人认罪了. * I admit my mistake/that I was wrong. 我承认是我的错[我错了]. * I admit (that) you have a point. 我承认你有理. * He admitted having stolen the car. 他招认偷了那辆汽车. * It is now generally admitted to have been (ie Most people agree and accept that it was) a mistake. 如今人们公认这是个错误.  4 [Ipr] ~ of sth (fml 文) allow the possibility of sth; leave room for sth 容许某事物; 对某事物留有馀地: His conduct admits of no excuse. 他的行为无可宽恕. * The plan does not admit of improvement, ie cannot be improved. 这项计划已无改进馀地了（已尽善尽美）.  5 (idm 习语) be admitted to sb's presence (fml 文) be allowed to enter the room, etc where sb (esp sb important) is 获准会见某人（尤指要人）./ədˈmɪtns; əd`mɪtns/ n [U] allowing sb or being allowed to enter (esp a private place); right of entry 准许某人或某人获准进入（尤指私人场所）; 进入的权利: No admittance  keep out! 严禁入内! * I was refused admittance to the house. 我被拒之门外.adj [attrib 作定语] as one has admitted oneself to be 自己承认的: an admitted liar 直认不讳的说谎者. admittedly adv (esp in initial position 尤用于句首) as is or must be admitted 无可否认地; 诚然: Admittedly, he didn't know that at the time. 无可否认, 他当时并不知道. * Admittedly, I've never actually been there. 说实在的, 我从未去过那  ./ædˈmɪkstʃə(r); æd`mɪkstʃɚ/ n (fml 文) (a) [C] thing added, esp as a minor ingredient 混合物, 搀合物（尤指次要成分）. (b) [U] process of adding this 混合; 搀合./əˈduː; ə`du/ n [U] trouble; fuss; unnecessary activity (used esp as in the expressions shown) 麻烦, 忙乱, 无谓的纷扰（尤用于以下示例）: Without more/much/further ado, we set off. 我们出发的时候没有更多的[什么/进一步的]麻烦. * It was all much ado about nothing. 完全是庸人自扰./əˈdəʊbɪ; ə`dobɪ/ n [U]  1 brick made of clay and straw and dried in the sun 砖坯（用黏土与草所制, 晒乾而成）: [attrib 作定语] adobe houses 土坯砌成的房子.  2 clay from which this type of brick is made 制砖坯的黏土./ˌædəˈlesns; ˌædl`ɛsns/ n [U] time in a person's life between childhood and mature adulthood 青春, 青春期（童年与成年之间的时期）: during (one's) adolescence 在（某人的）青春期间./ˌædəˈlesnt; ˌædl`ɛsnt/ adj of or typical of adolescence 青春期的; 青春期特有的: adolescent boys, crises, attitudes 青春期的男子, 易出现的问题, 心态.  

n young person between childhood and adulthood (ie roughly between the ages of 13 and 17) 青少年（介于儿童与成人之间的年轻人, 大约13至17岁之间者）./əˈdɒpt; ə`dɑpt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sth) take sb into one's family, esp as one's child or heir 收养某人（尤指作为儿女或继承人）; 过继: Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女, 所以决定领养一个孤儿. * Paul's mother had him adopted because she couldn't look after him herself. 保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他, 便将他送给别人收养了. * He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子. Cf 参看 foster 2.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb as sth choose sb as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表: She has been adopted as Labour candidate for York. 她被提名为约克郡的工党候选人.  3 [Tn] take over and have or use (sth) as one's own 采纳; 采取; 采用: adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress 取名, 随俗, 采纳一意见, 采用一服装式样 * adopt a hard line towards terrorists 对恐怖分子采取强硬态度 * her adopted country, ie not her native country but the one in which she has chosen to live 她所选择居留的国家（非其祖国而由其自择居留的国家）.  4 [Tn] accept (eg a report or recommendation); approve 接受, 通过（如报告或建议）; 批准: Congress has adopted the new measures. 国会通过了新的议案./əˈdɒpʃn; ə`dɑpʃən/ n [C, U] (act of) adopting or being adopted 收养; 过继; 挑选; 采纳; 采取; 采用; 接受: offer a child for adoption 将孩子送给他人收养 * her adoption as Labour candidate for York 她作为约克郡工党候选人的提名 * the country of her adoption 她所选择居留的国家 * This textbook has had adoptions (ie been officially chosen for special study) in many countries. 这本教科书已被很多国家采用.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] related by adoption 有收养关系的; 过继的; 采纳的; 接受的: his adoptive parents 他的养父养母./əˈdɔːrəbl; ə`dɔrəbl/ adj very attractive; delightful; lovable 迷人的; 讨人喜欢的; 可爱的: What an adorable child! 多可爱的孩子! * Your dress is absolutely adorable. 你的衣服太漂亮了. * My darling, you are adorable. 亲爱的, 你真迷人. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌædəˈreɪʃn; ˌædə`reʃən/ n [U] great love or worship 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 崇拜: be filled with adoration 充满敬意 * They knelt in adoration of their gods. 他们跪拜诸神./əˈdɔː(r); ə`dɔr/ v  1 [Tn] (a) love deeply and respect (sb) highly 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 敬仰: He adores his wife and children. 他深爱妻儿. (b) worship (God) 崇拜（上帝）.  2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) like (sth) very much 非常喜爱（某事物）: adore ice-cream, Paris, skiing 非常喜欢冰激凌, 巴黎, 滑雪 * I simply adore that dress! 我简直太喜欢那件连衣裙了.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing great love 表示爱慕的: his adoring grandmother 他慈爱的祖母 * give sb an adoring look 向某人投以爱慕的目光. adv./əˈdɔːn; ə`dɔrn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb/oneself (with sth) add beauty or ornament to sth/sb/oneself 装饰某物[某人/自己]; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: admire the paintings that adorn the walls 欣赏那些装点四壁的绘画 * The dancer was adorned with flowers. 跳舞的人戴着很多花.n  1 [U] act of adorning 装饰; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: a simple dress without adornment 朴素而无装饰的连衣裙.  2 [C] thing that adorns; ornament 装饰物; 装饰品: Many adornments were carved on the temple walls. 寺院的墙壁上刻着很多装饰物./əˈdriːnl; ə`drinl/ adj (anatomy 解) close to the kidneys 肾旁的; 肾上的.(anatomy 解) either of the two ductless glands above the kidney that produce adrenalin 肾上腺./əˈdrenəlɪn; əd`rɛnlɪn/ n [U] (medical 医) (a) hormone produced by the adrenal glands that increases the heart rate and stimulates the nervous system, causing a feeling of excitement 肾上腺素. (b) this substance prepared synthetically for medical use （药用）合成肾上腺素./əˈdrɪft; ə`drɪft/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 (a) (esp of a boat) driven by wind and water and out of control; drifting （尤指船）随风及水流漂浮而失去控制; 漂浮: cut a boat adrift from its moorings 割断系索使小船漂离系泊处 * The survivors were adrift on a raft for six days. 幸存者在筏子上漂浮了六天. (b) (fig 比喻) having no purpose; aimless 没有目的; 无目标: young people adrift in our big cities 在我们大城市  四处游荡的年轻人 * turn sb adrift, ie send sb away without help or support 逐出某人（使其漂泊流浪）.  2 (infml 口) (a) unfastened; loose 脱开; 松开: Part of the car's bumper had come adrift. 汽车的保险杠有一处松动了. (b) out of order; wrong 有故障; 出错; 有毛病: Our plans went badly adrift. 我们的计划严重受挫./əˈdrɔɪt; ə`drɔɪt/ adj ~ (at/in sth) skilful; clever 熟练的; 机敏的; 灵巧的: the minister's adroit handling of the crisis 部长应付难关的巧妙手段 * He soon became adroit at steering the boat. 他很快就熟练掌握了驾船技术. Cf 参看 maladroit.  adv n [U]./ædˈsɔːb; æd`sɔrb/ v [Tn] (usu of a solid) attract and hold (a gas or liquid) to its surface （常指固体）吸附（气体或液体）至其表面: Iron adsorbs oxygen. 铁能吸附氧. /-ənt; -ənt/ adj.  /ədˈsɔːpʃn; æd`sɔrpʃən/ n [U]./ˌeɪ diː ˈtiː; ˌe di `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (in Canada, Puerto Rico and Bermuda) Atlantic Daylight Time （用于加拿大, 波多黎各, 百慕大的）大西洋夏令时间./ˌædjʊˈleɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌædʒʊˈl-; ˌædʒə`leʃən/ n [U] excessive admiration or praise; flattery 谄媚; 奉承; 吹捧; 恭维: the fans' adulation of their favourite pop stars 歌迷们对他们所喜爱的流行曲歌手的吹捧. adj./ˈædʌlt, also əˈdʌlt; `ædʌlt, ə`dʌlt/ adj  1 (a) grown to full size or strength 发育成熟的: adult monkeys 发育成熟的猴子.  (b) intellectually and emotionally mature 智力及情感上已成熟的: His behaviour is not particularly adult. 他的举止行为还不太成熟.  2 (law 律) old enough to vote, marry, etc 已成人的（已达投票, 结婚等年龄的）.

n adult person or animal 成年的人或动物: These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电影只适宜成人观看. * The bear was a fully grown adult. 那支熊已完全发育成熟. * [attrib 作定语] adult education, ie for those over the usual school age 成人教育（为超过学龄的人而设）./əˈdʌltəreɪt; ə`dʌltəˌret/ v [Tn] make (sth) poorer in quality by adding another substance 使（某物）质量因搀入它物而变劣; 搀假; 搀杂: adulterated milk, eg with water added 搀假的奶（如加水的）. /əˌdʌltəˈreɪʃn; əˌdʌltə`reʃən/ n [U]./əˈdʌltərə(r); ə`dʌltərɚ/ (fem 阴性作 adulteress / E5dQltErIs; E`dQltErIs/) n person who commits adultery 通奸者./əˈdʌltərəs; ə`dʌltərəs/ adj of or involving adultery 通奸的: have an adulterous affair with sb 与某人有奸情./əˈdʌltərɪ; ə`dʌltərɪ/ n [U] voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and sb who is not that person's husband or wife 通奸: commit adultery 犯通奸.n [U] state of being adult 成年: reach adulthood 已到成年./ˈædʌmbreɪt; æd`ʌmbret/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 indicate (sth) faintly or in outline 略微地或概括地暗示（某事物）.  2 suggest (esp a coming event) in advance; foreshadow 预示, 预告（尤指即将发生的事）;预兆. /ˌdʌmˈbreɪʃn; ˌædʌm`breʃən/ n [U, C]./ədˈvɑːns; <i>US</i> -ˈvns; əd`væns/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] forward movement 前进; 推进; 前移: The enemy's advance was halted. 敌军的推进遭到了遏止., 2 (a) [U] progress 进步; 发展: the continued advance of civilization 文明的不断进步. (b) [C] ~ (in sth) improvement 改进; 进展; 改善: recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展.  3 [C] ~ (on sth) increase in price or amount 价格或数量的增加: `Any advance on (ie Who will offer more than) 20?' called the auctioneer. 拍卖人喊道榶‘20英镑, 还有增加的吗?’ * Share prices showed significant advances today. 今日股票价格大幅上涨.  4 [C] money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed; loan 预付; 预支; 借贷: The bank gave/made her an advance of 500. 银行贷给她500英镑. * She asked for an advance on her salary. 她请求预支薪水.  5 advances [pl] ~ (to sb) attempts to establish a friendly or an amorous relationship or a business agreement 亲近; 套交情; 求爱; 拉关系: He made advances to her. 他向她示爱. * She rejected his advances. 她拒绝了他的追求.  6 (idm 习语) in advance (of sth) beforehand; ahead in time 预先; 事先; 事前: The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付. * Send your luggage on in advance. 请把行李预先送出. * It's impossible to know in advance what will happen. 预知未来发生的事是不可能的. * Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代.

adj [attrib 作定语]  1 going before others 先行的; 先头的: the advance party, ie a group (of explorers, soldiers, etc) sent on ahead 先遣队; 先头部队., 2 done or provided in advance 预先做好的; 预先供给的: give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给某人预先警告[通知] * make an advance booking, ie reserve a hotel room, a seat in a theatre, etc before the time when it is needed 预定（旅馆房间, 戏票等） * an advance copy of a new book, ie one supplied before publication 新书样本（出版前提供者）./ədˈvɑːnsmənt; <i>US</i> -ˈvnsmənt; əd`vænsmənt/ n [U]  1 act of advancing; furthering 前进; 进步; 促进; 推进; 提出; 预付; 提前; （价格）上涨: the advancement of learning 学问的进展.  2 promotion in rank or status 级别或地位的晋升; 升级: The job offers good opportunities for advancement. 这份工作有很好的晋升机会./ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ; <i>US</i> -ˈvn-; əd`væntɪdʒ/ n  1 (a) [C] ~ (over sb) condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp when competing with others) （尤指与他人竞争时）优越的或成功的条件或环境; 优势: gain an advantage over an opponent 获得超越对手的优势 * He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件. * Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages over other students in her class. 她有法国式的教养, 使她比班上其他同学略胜一筹. (b) [U] benefit; profit 益处; 利益: There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can't read. 如果不识字, 买字典就没有什么用了.  2 [sing] (in tennis) first point scored after deuce （网球中）局末或盘末平分後所得的第一分: [attrib 作定语] Becker reached advantage point several times before losing the game. 贝克于打平局後曾有几次先得分, 後来才输的.  3 (idm 习语) have the advantage of sb be in a better position than sb, esp in knowing sth that he does not know 比某人强, 占上风（尤指知其所不知）: You have the advantage of me, I'm afraid, eg said when a stranger addresses one by name. 您认识我, 我还不认识您, 失敬得很（如被陌生人直呼姓名时所说的话）. take advantage of sth/sb (a) make use of sth well, properly, etc 充分利用: They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备. (b) make use of sb/sth unfairly or deceitfully to get what one wants; exploit sb/sth （为达到个人目的而不正当地或不老实地）利用某人或某事: She took advantage of my generosity, ie took more than I had intended to give. 她利用了我的慷慨（取得比我想给的多）. * He's using his charm to try to take advantage of her, ie seduce her. 他用魅力企图占她的便宜（诱奸她）. to ad`vantage in a way that shows the best aspects of sth 用某种方法使优点突出: The picture may be seen to (its best) advantage against a plain wall. 这幅画衬在素墙上就更加（格外）好看了. to sb's advantage with results which are profitable or helpful to sb 其结果对某人有利或有帮助: The agreement is/works to our advantage. 协议对我们有利. turn sth to one's (own) ad`vantage cause (a situation or an event) to lead to personal profit; make the most of sth 使（情况或事情）导致个人获利; 充分利用某事物.

v [Tn] (fml 文) be beneficial to (sb); profit 有益于（某人）; 有利于./ˌdvənˈteɪdʒəs; ˌædvən`tedʒəs/ adj ~ (to sb) profitable; beneficial 有利的; 有益的.  adv./ˈædvənt; `ædvɛnt/ n [sing]  1 the ~ of sth/sb the approach or arrival of (an important person, event, etc) （重要人物, 事件等的）来临, 到来: With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to prosper. 随着新主席的到来, 公司也开始有了起色.  2 Advent (a) the period (with four Sundays) before Christmas 基督降临节（圣诞节前包括四个星期日的期间）: [attrib 作定语] Advent hymns 基督降临节圣歌.  (b) (Bible 圣经) the coming of Christ 基督降临./ˈdvəntɪst, also ədˈventɪst; `ædvɛntɪst/ n member of a religious group believing that Christ's second coming is very near 基督复临论者（相信基督即将复临的教徒）./ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs; ˌædvɛn`tɪʃəs/ adj (fml 文) not planned; accidental 未经计划的; 偶然的: an adventitious occurrence 偶发事件./ədˈventʃə(r); əd`vɛntʃɚ/ n  1 [C] unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 不寻常的, 有刺激性的或危险的经历或工作; 奇遇; 冒险: have an adventure 有一次奇遇 * her adventures in Africa 她在非洲的冒险经历.  2 [U] excitement associated with danger, taking risks, etc 涉及危险, 冒险等的刺激: a love/ spirit/ sense of adventure 对冒险的爱好[冒险的精神/冒险的意识] * a life full of adventure 充满惊险刺激的生活 * [attrib 作定语] adventure stories 惊险故事.playground containing objects and structures of wood, metal, etc for children to play with, in or on 惊险乐园（内有木制, 铁制等物体或构架供儿童玩耍或攀登）./ədˈventʃərə(r); əd`vɛntʃərɚ/ (fem 阴性作 adventuress / Ed5ventFErIs; Ed`vZntFErIs/) n  1 person who seeks adventures 冒险家.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who is ready to take risks or act dishonestly, immorally, etc in seeking personal gain 投机分子（为谋私利甘冒风险或做不诚实, 不道德的事的人）.adj  1 eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒险的; 喜欢冒险的: adventurous children 喜欢冒险的儿童.  2 full of danger and excitement 充满危险和刺激的; 惊险的: an adventurous holiday 惊险刺激的假日.  adv./ˈædvɜːb; `ædvɝb/ n (grammar) word that adds more information about place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb 副词（对动词, 形容词, 短语或另一副词增加地点, 时间, 环境, 方式, 原因, 程度等信息的词）: In `speak kindly', `incredibly deep', `just in time' and `too quickly', `kindly', `incredibly', `just' and `too' are all adverbs. 在speak kindly, incredibly deep, just in time, too quickly中, kindly, incredibly, just, too都是副词./ədˈvɜːbɪəl; əd`vɝbɪəl/ adj of, like or containing an adverb 副词或状语的; 像副词或状语的; 含有副词或状语的: `Very quickly indeed' is an adverbial phrase.  very quickly indeed是状语短语. /ædˈvɜːbɪəlɪ; æd`vɝbɪəlɪ/ adv./ˈædvəsərɪ; <i>US</i> -serɪ; `ædvɚˌsɛrɪ/ n opponent in a contest; enemy 竞赛中的对手; 敌手: He defeated his old adversary. 他击败了他的老对手./ˈædvɜːs; æd`vɝs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (a) not favourable; contrary 不利的; 相反的: adverse winds, weather conditions, circumstances 逆风, 恶劣的天气, 逆境. (b) hostile; opposing 敌对的; 反对的: adverse criticism 非难 * an adverse reaction to the proposals 对那些建议的异议.  2 harmful 有害的: the adverse effects of drugs 药物的有害的副作用. > adversely adv: His health was adversely affected by the climate. 他的健康因气候影响而严重受损./ədˈvɜːsətɪ; əd`vɝsətɪ/ n  1 [U] unfavourable conditions; trouble 逆境; 不幸; 厄运: remain cheerful in adversity 处于逆境而仍乐观 * face adversity with courage 有勇气面对厄运.  2 [C] unfortunate event or circumstances 不幸的事件或遭遇; 祸事; 苦难: She overcame many adversities. 她饱经祸患而百折不挠./ˈædvɜːt; æd`vɝt/ n (Brit infml 口) = advertisement 2 (advertise) ./ˈædvətaɪz; `ædvɚˌtaɪz/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) generally or publicly known 使（某事物）尽人皆知; 公布; 宣传: advertise a meeting, a concert, a job 公布[宣传]一次会议, 一次音乐会, 一项工作 * It may be safer not to advertise your presence. 不把你出席的事声张出去也许更为安全.  2 [I, Tn] praise (sth) publicly in order to encourage people to buy or use it 公开赞扬（某事物）以鼓动别人购买或使用; 做广告宣传; 登广告宣传: advertise on TV, in a newspaper 在电视上做广告, 在报纸上登广告 * advertise soap, one's house, one's services 做广告宣传肥皂, 自己的房子, 自己的服务.  3 [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth ask for sb/sth by placing a notice in a newspaper, etc 在报刊等上面登徵求某人或某事物的广告: I must advertise for a new secretary. 我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书./ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; <i>US</i> ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt; ˌædvɚ`taɪzmənt/ n  1 [U] action of advertising 出公告; 做广告; 登广告: [attrib 作定语] the advertisement page 广告专页.  2 [C] (also advert, ad) ~ (for sb/sth) public notice offering or asking for goods, services, etc 广告（推销或徵求货物, 服务等）: If you want to sell your old sofa, why not put an advertisement in the local paper? 你若打算卖掉旧沙发, 何不在本地报纸上登个广告呢? n person who advertises 登广告的人.n [U]  1 action of advertising 广告宣传; 做广告; 登广告: [attrib 作定语] a national advertising campaign 一场全国性的广告宣传攻势.  2 business that deals with the publicizing of goods, esp to increase sales 广告业; 广告事务: He works in advertising. 他从事广告业. * Cigarette advertising should be banned. 应该禁止香烟的广告业务. * [attrib 作定语] advertising revenue 广告收入./ədˈvaɪs; əd`vaɪs/ n [U]  1 opinion given about what to do or how to behave 劝告; 忠告; 建议: act on/follow/take sb's advice, ie do what sb suggests 听从[遵从/接受]某人的劝告 * You should take legal advice, ie consult a lawyer. 你应该徵询律师的意见. * My advice to you would be to wait. 我劝你等着. * If you take my advice you'll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话, 就去看病. * Let me give you a piece/a bit/a few words/a word of advice.... 让我给你一项[一点/几句话的/一句话的]忠告....  2 (esp commerce 尤用于商业) formal note giving information about a transaction, etc （关于交易等资料的）通知: We received advice that the goods had been dispatched. 我们收到了关于货物已发出的通知. * [attrib 作定语] an advice note 通知单./ədˌvaɪzəˈbɪlətɪ; ədˌvaɪzə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ədˈvaɪzəbl; əd`vaɪzəbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] worth recommending as a course of action; sensible 可取; 明智: Do you think it advisable to wait? 你认为等着好不好?/ədˈvaɪz; əd`vaɪz/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ (sb) against sth/doing sth; ~ sb (on sth) give advice to sb; recommend 劝告; 忠告; 建议: The doctor advised (me to take) a complete rest. 医生让（我）完全休息. * They advised her against marrying quickly. 他们劝她不要太快结婚. * She advises the Government on economic affairs. 她向政府提出经济方面的建议. * We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 我们建议他们应该及早开始. [我们建议他们及早开始.] * I'd advise taking a different approach. 我建议换个方式. * You would be well advised (ie sensible) to stay indoors. 你最好待在屋  . * Can you advise (me) what to do next? 你看（我）下一步怎么办?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~ sb (of sth) (esp commerce 尤用于商业) inform or notify sb 通知或告知某人: Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods/when the goods are dispatched. 货物发出[货物发出时]请通知我们./ədˈvaɪzɪdlɪ; əd`vaɪzɪdlɪ/ adv (fml 文) after careful thought; deliberately 深思熟虑的; 故意的: I use these words advisedly. 我是特意用这些字的.n ~ (to sb) (on sth) person who gives advice, esp sb who is regularly consulted 顾问: serve as special adviser to the President 作总统的特别顾问./ədˈvaɪzərɪ; əd`vaɪzərɪ/ adj having the power to advise; giving advice 有权进言的; 顾问的; 咨询的: an advisory committee, body, role 咨询委员会, 机关, 任务./ˈædvəkəsɪ; `ædvəkəsɪ/ n [U]  1 ~ (of sth) giving of support (to a cause, etc) 拥护（一事业等）; 鼓吹; 提倡; 主张: She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights. 她因鼓吹妇权运动而甚为知名.  2 (law 律) profession or work of an advocate(2) 律师的职业或工作./ˈædvəkeɪt; `ædvəket/ v [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support 拥护; 提倡; 支持: I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策. * Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗?

/ˈædvəkət; `ædvəkət/ n  1 ~ (of sth) person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause, policy, etc （对一事业, 方针, 政策等的）支持者, 拥护者, 鼓吹者, 提倡者: a lifelong advocate of disarmament 为裁军奋斗终生的人.  2 person who pleads on behalf of another, esp a lawyer who presents a client's case in a lawcourt 律师. Cf 参看 barrister, solicitor.  3 (idm 习语) devil's advocate => devil.abbr 缩写 = advertisement./ædz; ædz/ n tool like an axe with a blade at right angles to the handle used for cutting or shaping large pieces of wood 锛子./ˈiːdʒɪs; `idʒɪs/ n (idm 习语) under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public institution 在某人或某事物（尤指公共机构）的保护或支持下: Medical supplies are being flown in under the aegis of the Red Cross. 在红十字会的保护下, 正在空运进医药用品./ˈiːən; `iən/ n period of time so long that it cannot be measured 极长而无法计算的时期; 万古: The earth was formed aeons ago. 地球形成于亿万年前./ˈeəreɪt; `ɛəˌret/ v [Tn]  1 add carbon dioxide to (a liquid) under pressure 加压充注二氧化碳于（液体）: aerated water 汽水.  2 expose (sth) to the chemical action of air 将（某物）置于空气中使其起化学作用: aerate the soil by digging it 翻地使土壤通气.  /eəˈreɪʃn; ˌɛə`reʃən/ n [U]./ˈeərɪəl; `ɛrɪəl/ (US antenna) n one or more wires or rods for sending or receiving radio waves 天线. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

/ˈeərɪəl; `ɛrɪəl/ adj  1 from aircraft or the air 从飞行器上的; 从空中的: aerial bombardment, photography, reconnaissance 轰炸, 空中摄影术, 空中侦察.  2 existing or suspended in the air 存在或悬浮于空中的: an aerial railway 架空铁道; 高架铁道.  3 (arch 古) of or like air （似）空气的.= eyrie.comb form 构词成分 of air or aircraft 空气的; 飞行器的: aerodynamic * aerospace.adj./ˌeərəˈbætɪks; ˌɛrə`bætɪks/ n  1 [pl] spectacular feats performed with aircraft, esp as part of a display, eg flying upside-down or in loops 特技飞行（尤指表演项目, 如翻身或翻斛斗飞行）: The aerobatics were the best part of the show. 表演中最精彩的节目是特技飞行.  2 [sing v] art of performing these 特技飞行术: Aerobatics is a dangerous sport. 特技飞行是危险的运动. /eəˈrəʊbɪks; ɛ`robɪks/ n [pl] energetic physical exercises done in order to increase the amount of oxygen taken into the body 有氧运动（为增加体内氧气的健身运动）; 健美操; 健身操./ˈeərədrəʊm; `ɛrəˌdrom/ n (dated 旧 esp Brit) small airport or airfield, used mainly by private aircraft （主要为私人飞机使用的）小飞机场.adj./ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks; ˌɛrodaɪ`næmɪks/ n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] science dealing with the forces acting on solid bodies (eg aircraft or bullets) moving through air 空气动力学; 气体动力学. /ˌeərəˈnɔːtɪks; ˌɛrə`nɔtɪks/ n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] scientific study or practice of flying and navigating aircraft 航空学; 航空术. > aeronautic, aeronautical / -5nR:tIkl; -`nRtIkl/ adjs: aeronautical engineering, skills 航空工程的; 航空技术的./ˈeərəpleɪn; `ɛrəˌplen/ (US airplane / 5eErpleIn; `Zr9plen/) n aircraft that is heavier than air, with wings and one or more engines 飞机./ˈeərəsɒl; <i>US</i> -sɔːl; `ɛrəˌsɔl/ n (a) [U] substance (eg scent, paint, insecticide) sealed in a container under pressure, with a device for releasing it as a fine spray 加压密封于容器中用喷雾装置释放出来的物质（如香水, 颜料, 杀虫剂）; 喷雾剂: [attrib 作定语] an aerosol can 喷雾罐. =>illus at can 见can之插图. (b) [C] such a container 喷雾器; 雾化器: Deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装./ˈeərəʊspeɪs; `ɛroˌspes/ n [U]  1 the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it 地球大气层及其外面的宇宙空间; 航空航天空间.  2 technology of aircraft, spacecraft, etc that operate in this 航空航天技术: [attrib 作定语] the aerospace industry 航空航天工业./ˈiːsθiːt; `ɛsθit/ (US also esthete / 5esWi:t; `ZsWit/) n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who has or claims to have a fine appreciation of art and beauty 审美家./iːsˈθetɪk; ɛs`θɛtɪk/ (US also esthetic / es5WetIk; Zs`WZtIk/) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (a) concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty 有关美的; 美学的: aesthetic standards 美学标准 * an aesthetic sense 美感. (b) appreciating beauty and beautiful things 对美和美的事物欣赏的; 审美的: an aesthetic person 有美感的人.  2 pleasing to look at; artistic; tasteful 悦目的; 艺术的; 雅致的: aesthetic design 美观的设计 * Their furniture was more aesthetic than practical. 他们的家具华而不实./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: aesthetically pleasing 美观可爱的./iːsˈθetɪsɪzəm; ɛs`θɛtɪˌsɪzəm/ (US also es-) n [U].n [sing v] branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of beauty and artistic taste 美学（哲学中的一门学科, 研究美和艺术鉴赏的原理）./ˌiːtɪˈɒlədʒɪ; ˌitɪ`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U]  1 study of causes and reasons 原因论（对原因及成因的研究）.  2 (medicine 药) study of the causes of disease 病原学; 病因学: the aetiology of malaria 疟疾的病因研究./əˈfɑː(r); ə`fɑr/ adv  1 at or to a distance 在远处; 到远处: lights visible afar off 远处能见到的光.  2 (idm 习语) from a`far from a long distance away 从远处: news from afar 远方来的消息./ˌæfəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌæfə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈæfəbl; `æfəbl/ adj  1 polite and friendly 谦恭有礼的; 和蔼可亲的: affable to everybody 对每个人都彬彬有礼的 * an affable reply 谦恭的回答.  2 easy to talk to 易于交谈的: He found her parents very affable. 他觉得她父母很好说话. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./əˈfeə(r); ə`fɛr/ n  1 [sing] thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事; 事务; 事情: It's not my affair, ie I am not interested in or responsible for it. 那不是我的事.  2 affairs [pl] (a) personal business matters 个人的业务: put one's affairs in order 料理自己的业务. (b) matters of public interest 公共的事务: current/foreign/world affairs 时事[外交事务/世界事务] * affairs of state 国事; 国务; 政务.  3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (a) event; happening 事件; 事情: We must try to forget this sad affair. 我们要尽量把这件难过的事忘掉. * The press exaggerated the whole affair wildly. 新闻报道肆意夸大了整个事件. (b) event or series of events connected with a particular person, thing or place 与某人, 某物或某地有关的事件: the Suez affair 苏伊士事件. (c) organized social event 有组织的社交活动: The wedding was a very grand affair. 那婚礼是件盛事.  4 [C] (infml 口) (following an adj 用于形容词之後) thing described in a specified way （具体描述的）东西, 物件: Her hat was an amazing affair of ribbons and feathers. 她那顶帽子是个有丝带和羽毛的绝妙物件.  5 [C] sexual relationship between people who are not married to each other 与配偶以外的人发生的性关系: She's having an affair with her boss. 她和老板有暧昧关系.  6 (idm 习语) a state of affairs => state./əˈfekt; ə`fɛkt/ v [Tn]  1 have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响: The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们大家. * The change in climate may affect your health, ie be bad for you. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康. * Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定.  2 (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect （指疾病）侵袭（某人[某物]）; 感染: Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏.  3 cause (sb) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch 使（某人）有悲伤或同情的感觉; 感动: We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Affect is a verb meaning `have an influence on' *affect是动词, 意为‘影响’: Alcohol affects drivers' concentration. 酒精能影响司机的注意力. Effect is a noun meaning `result or influence'*effect是名词, 意为‘效果’或‘影响’: Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers. 酒精对司机的影响很大. It is also a (formal) verb meaning `accomplish' *effect这个词还是个（文雅的）动词, 意为‘完成’: They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了.

/əˈfekt; ə`fɛkt/ v  1 [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) make an obvious show of using, wearing or liking (sth) 炫耀（所使用, 穿戴或爱好的事物）: affect bright colours, bow ties 炫耀鲜艳的颜色, 蝶形领结 * He affects a pretentious use of language, ie tries to impress people by using obscure words, etc. 他爱卖弄词藻.  2 (a) [Tn, Tt] pretend to have or feel (sth) 装作; 假装: affect not to know sth/affect ignorance of sth 装作不知道某事[装作对某事物一无所知] * She affected a foreign accent. 她装出外国腔调. (b) [Ln] (fml 文) pretend to be (sth); pose as 装成; 扮成: She affects the helpless female. 她装成柔弱女性./ˌæfekˈteɪʃn; ˌæfɛk`teʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) unnatural behaviour, manner of speaking, etc, intended to impress others 为给人留有印象而作出不自然的样子; 做作: His little affectations irritated her. 他做作的小动作激怒了她. * I detest all affectation. 我厌恶一切矫揉造作的行为.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) pretence; deliberate display (of sth that is not truly felt) 假装; 故意表现（不是真正感觉的事物）: an affectation of interest, indifference, etc 装作有兴趣, 假装不在乎./əˈfektɪd; ə`fɛktɪd/ adj not natural or genuine; pretended; artificial 不自然的; 不真实的; 装扮的; 做作的: an affected politeness, cheerfulness, etc 虚伪的礼貌, 强作欢颜 * a highly affected style of writing 极为矫揉造作的写作风格 * Do try not to be so affected. 千万别这么装模作样的.动人的; 感人的: an affecting appeal for help 感人的求助. adv./əˈfekʃn; ə`fɛkʃən/ n  1 [U, C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (for/towards sb/sth) feeling of fondness; love 喜爱; 爱: He felt great affection for his sister. 他很疼他的妹妹. * The old king was held in great affection. 年老的国王极受爱戴. * I tried to win her affection(s). 我尽力讨她的欢心.  2 [C] (dated 旧) disease or diseased condition 疾病; 病情: an affection of the throat 咽喉疾患./əˈfekʃənət; ə`fɛkʃənət/ adj ~ (towards sb) showing fondness (for sb); loving （向某人）示爱的; 爱的: an affectionate child 有爱心的孩子 * affectionate kisses, words, smiles 示爱的吻, 话, 微笑 * He is very affectionate towards his children. 他很爱他的孩子. adv: He patted her affectionately on the head. 他疼爱地拍拍她的头. * Yours affectionately, ie used at the end of a letter to a close relative or friend. 你亲爱的（用于给至亲好友的书信末尾）./əˈfaɪəns; ə`faɪəns/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) (dated or fml 旧或文) promise sb in marriage 和某人订婚: He is affianced to the princess, ie engaged to marry her. 他和公主订婚了./ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt; ˌæfə`devɪt/ n (law 律) written statement that can be used as evidence in court, made by sb who swears that it is true （宣誓属实可用作法庭证据的）书面证词; 宣誓书: swear/make/take/sign an affidavit 订立[签署]宣誓书./əˈfɪlɪeɪt; ə`fɪlɪˌet/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to/with sb/sth) attach (a person, a society, an institution, etc) to a larger organization 使（个人, 社团, 机构等）隶属于一较大组织; 使接纳为成员: We are affiliated with the national group. 我们隶属于国营组织. * The College is affiliated to the University. 这所学院附属于这所大学.

/əˈfɪlɪət; ə`fɪlɪət/ n affiliated person, institution, etc 被接纳的人, 隶属的机构等: [attrib 作定语] affiliate members 会员./əˌfɪlɪˈeɪʃn; əˌfɪlɪ`eʃən/ n  1 [U] affiliating or being affiliated 加入; 附属.  2 [C] link or connection made by affiliating （因加入而有的）联系或关系: The society has many affiliations throughout the country. 这个社团在全国有很多关系.(law 律) order compelling the father of an illegitimate child to help to support it 父子关系确认令（令非婚生子之父协助抚养）./əˈfɪnətɪ; ə`fɪnətɪ/ n  1 [U, C] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship 构造相似; 特点相近; 关系: There is (a) close affinity between Italian and Spanish. 意大利语和西班牙语很近似. * Early man shows certain affinities with the ape. 早期的人类和猿有某些相似之处.  2 [C] ~ (to/for sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) strong liking for or attraction to sb/sth 强烈喜爱（某人[某事物]）: They share a special affinity. 他们有共同的特殊爱好. * She has a strong affinity for Beethoven. 她酷爱贝多芬的乐曲.  3 [C] ~ (with sb) (law 律) relationship, esp by marriage （尤指姻亲）关系: He was not an impartial witness because of his affinity with the accused. 他不是公正的见证人, 因为他与被告有姻亲关系.  4 [C] ~ (for sth) (chemistry 化) tendency of certain substances to combine with others 亲和性; 亲和力: the affinity of salt for water 盐对水的亲和力./əˈfɜːm; ə`fɝm/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) state sth as the truth; assert sth 肯定某事物属实; 断言某事物: She affirmed her innocence. 她坚称自己无罪. * He affirmed that he was responsible. 他肯定是他负责. Cf 参看 deny.  2 [I] (law 律) make a solemn declaration in court instead of swearing an oath （在法庭上不经宣誓而）郑重陈词./ˌæfəˈmeɪʃn; ˌæfɚ`meʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) affirming 肯定; 断言: The poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love. 这首诗以欢快的笔触肯定了爱情的力量.  2 [C] (a) thing that is affirmed 肯定的事物. (b) (law 律) solemn declaration made in court instead of an oath （在法庭上不经宣誓而作的）郑重陈词./əˈfɜːmətɪv; ə`fɝmətɪv/ adj (of words, etc) expressing agreement; indicating `yes' （指言语等）表示同意的; 意为‘是的’; 肯定的: an affirmative reply, nod, reaction 表示同意的回答, 点头, 反应. Cf 参看 negative.

n  1 word or statement that expresses agreement 表示同意的词语或陈述.  2 (idm 习语) in the af`firmative (fml 文) expressing agreement 表示同意: He answered in the affirmative, ie said `yes'. 他作了肯定的回答.adv./əˈfɪks; ə`fɪks/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/on sth) (fml 文)  1 stick, fasten or attach sth 粘上, 贴上, 系住, 附上, 固定住某物: affix a stamp to an envelope 在信封上贴邮票 * affix a seal on a document 在文件上盖印.  2 add sth in writing 添写上某事物: affix one's signature to a contract 在合同上签字.

/ˈæfɪks; `æfɪks/ n (grammar) letter or group of letters added to the beginning or the end of a word to change its meaning or the way it is used; prefix or suffix, eg un-, -esque and -less in unkind, picturesque and hopeless 词缀（加在一词的词首或词尾的字母, 以改变其含义或用法）; 前缀或後缀（如unkind, picturesque和hopeless中的un-, -esque和-less）./əˈflɪkt; ə`flɪkt/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause trouble, pain or distress to sb/sth 使某人[某物]苦恼, 疼痛或悲痛: She is afflicted with (ie suffers from) arthritis. 她患关节炎. * Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的乾旱使乡村深受其害./əˈflɪkʃn; ə`flɪkʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] pain; suffering; distress 疼痛; 折磨; 悲痛: help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人.  2 [C] thing that causes suffering 造成痛苦的事物: Blindness can be a terrible affliction. 失明有时极为痛苦./ˈæflʊəns; `æflᴜəns/ n [U] abundance of money, goods or property; wealth 丰富; 富裕: live in/live a life of affluence 生活优裕[过富裕的日子] * He quickly rose to affluence, ie became wealthy. 他很快就富起来了./ˈæflʊənt; `æflᴜənt/ adj rich; prosperous 富裕的; 丰富的; 繁荣的: affluent circumstances 富裕的环境 * an affluent lifestyle 富足的生活方式 * His parents were very affluent. 他的父母很富裕. * the affluent society, ie one in which most people have a high standard of living 富足的社会（多数人生活水平很高的社会）./əˈfɔːd; ə`fɔrd/ v  1 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tt] (usu with can, could or be able to 通常与can, could或be able to连用) have enough money, time, space, etc for (a specified purpose) 为（某目的）有足够的钱, 时间, 地方等: They walked because they couldn't afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. * You can't afford (ie are not in a position to spend) 90. 你可不能花90英镑. * I'd love to go on holiday but I can't afford the time. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出时间来. * We would give more examples if we could afford the space. 假如我们能匀出篇幅来, 就可以多举些例子了.  2 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tt] (usu with can orcould 通常与can或could连用) be able to do sth without risk to oneself 能不冒风险而做某事物: I mustn't annoy my boss because I can't afford to lose my job, ie must not take the risk of losing my job. 我可得罪不起老板, 因为我舍不得丢掉这份工作. * You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself. 本身行为不正, 则不宜批评别人.  3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide sth; give sth 供给某事物; 给予某事物: The tree afforded (us) welcome shade. 这棵树下好乘凉. * Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣./əˈfɒrɪst; <i>US</i> əˈfɔːr-; ə`fɔrɪst/ v [Tn] plant (areas of land) with trees to form a forest 造林于（某地）. /əˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn; <i>US</i> əˌfɔːr-; əˌfɔrəs`teʃən/ n [U]./əˈfreɪ; ə`fre/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml or law 文或律) disturbance of the peace caused by fighting or rioting in a public place 在公共场所扰乱治安, 吵架, 打架, 闹事, 滋事: The men were charged with causing an affray. 那些人被控扰乱治安./əˈfrʌnt; ə`frʌnt/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (to sb/sth) deliberately insulting or disrespectful remark, action, etc, esp in public （尤指当众）故意侮辱, 有意冒犯: His speech was an affront to all decent members of the community. 他的话对社区所有体面的成员是故意的侮辱.

/əˈfrʌnt; ə`frʌnt/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] insult (sb) deliberately and openly; offend 故意而公然地侮辱（某人）; 冒犯. affronted adj ~ (at/by sth) offended 被冒犯的; 被得罪的: He felt deeply affronted at her rudeness. 他深为她的粗野所触怒./ˈæfgn; `æfˇæn/ n  1 (a) [C] native or inhabitant of Afghanistan 阿富汗人. (b) [U] language of Afghanistan 阿富汗语.  2 afghan [C] type of loose sheepskin coat 一种宽松的羊皮外衣.tall breed of dog with long silky hair 阿富汗猎狗./əˌfɪsjəˈnɑːdəʊ, also əˌfɪʃj-; əˌfisjə`nɑdo, əˌfɪʃ-/ n (pl ~s) (Spanish 西) person who is very enthusiastic about a particular sport or pastime 非常热中于某项运动或消遣的人; 狂热爱好者; 迷: an aficionado of bullfighting 斗牛迷./əˈfiːld; ə`fild/ adv (idm 习语) far/farther/further a`field far, etc away, esp from home; to or at a distance 远离（尤指家乡）; 到远方; 在远处: Some villagers have never been further afield than the neighbouring town. 有些村民从未远离过附近的市镇. * To find the causes of the problem we need look no further afield than our own department. 要找出问题所在, 不必超出我们本部门的范围./ˌeɪ ef ˈel ˌsiː aɪ ˈəʊ; ˌe ɛf `ɛl ˌsi aɪ `o/ abbr 缩写 = (US) American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations 美国劳工联合会及产业工会联合会./əˈfleɪm; ə`flem/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 (red as if) in flames; burning （红似）着火; 燃烧: The whole building was soon aflame. 整个建筑物不久就燃烧起来了. * Her cheeks were aflame. 她的两颊绯红. * The autumn woods were aflame with colour. 那片秋林红似火.  2 very excited 非常激动: aflame with desire 欲火如焚./əˈfləʊt; ə`flot/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 floating in water or air （在水中或空中）漂浮着: The boat stuck on a sandbank but we soon got it afloat again. 小船在沙丘搁浅, 没过多久我们就又使它航行自如了. * The ship was listing badly but still kept afloat. 船倾侧得很厉害, 但却仍然漂浮不沉.  2 at sea; on board ship 在海上; 在船上: enjoy life afloat 喜欢海上生活.  3 out of debt or difficulties 无债; 无困难: The firm managed to stay afloat during the recession. 在经济衰退期间, 公司设法渡过了难关.  4 functioning 起作用: get a new business afloat, ie start it 创办新的企业.  5 (of rumours) being generally talked about; circulating （指谣言）传播; 流传: There's a story afloat that he'll resign. 有个传闻说他要辞职./əˈfʊt; ə`fᴜt/ adj [pred 作表语] being prepared or progressing 在准备中; 在进行中: There's mischief afoot, ie being planned. 有人准备捣鬼. * There's a scheme afoot to put a motorway through the park. 现在正酝酿着一个计划, 要修一条穿过公园的高速公路./əˌfɔːˈmenʃənd; ə`fɔr`mɛnʃənd/ (also aforesaid / E5fR:sed; E`fRr9sZd/, said) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp in legal documents) mentioned or referred to earlier （尤用于法律文件）前面所述的, 上述的: The aforementioned (`person/`persons) was/were acting suspiciously. 前面所述的人行动可疑./əˈfɔːθɔːt; ə`fɔrˌθɔt/ adj (idm 习语) with malice aforethought => malice./əˈfreɪd; ə`fred/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 (a) ~ (of sb/sth); ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) frightened 畏惧; 害怕: Don't be afraid. 不要怕. * There's nothing to be afraid of. 没有什么可害怕的. * Are you afraid of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? * He's afraid of going out/to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚独自出去. * Don't be afraid (ie Don't hesitate) to ask for help if you need it. 倘若需要帮忙的话, 尽管提出来（不必犹豫）. (b) ~ of doing sth/~ that... worried or anxious about (the possible result of sth) 担忧或忧虑（某事物可能产生的後果）; 恐怕: I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him/afraid (that) I might upset him. 我没有提起那件事, 因为我怕他心烦意乱. * He's afraid of losing customers/that he might lose customers. 他怕失去顾客[可能失去顾客]. (c) ~ for sth/sb frightened or worried about things that may put sth/sb in danger 担心（某事物[某人]会遇到危险）: parents afraid for (the safety of) their children 为儿女（的安全）担忧的父母.  2 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow be very timid 很胆小; 非常胆怯. I'm afraid (that...) (usu without that, used to express politely a piece of information that may be unwelcome 通常不用 that, 用以有礼貌地表达可能令人不快的信息) I am sorry to say 我很抱歉地说: I'm afraid we can't come. 很抱歉, 我们不能来. * I can't help you, I'm afraid. 我帮不了你的忙, 对不起. * `Have we missed the train?' `I'm afraid so.' ‘我们误了火车了吗?’‘很遗憾, 是误了.’ * `Have you any milk?' `I'm afraid not.' ‘你有牛奶吗?’‘对不起, 没有.’/əˈfreʃ; ə`frɛʃ/ adv again, esp from the very beginning （尤指从头）再; 重新: Let's start afresh. 咱们重新开始吧. * The work will have to be done afresh. 这工作得重新再做了./ˈæfrɪkən; `æfrɪkən/ adj of Africa or its people or languages 非洲的; 非洲人的; 非洲语言的.

n native of Africa, esp a dark-skinned person 非洲土人（尤指黑皮肤的人）.E African plant with purple, pink or white flowers, usu grown indoors 非洲紫罗兰./ˌæfrɪˈkɑːns; ˌæfrɪ`kɑns/ n [U] language developed from Dutch, spoken in S Africa 南非荷兰语（源自荷兰语, 用于南非）./ˌæfrɪˈkɑːnə(r); ˌæfrɪ`kɑnɚ/ n white S African, usu of Dutch descent, whose native language is Afrikaans 南非白人（通常为荷兰人後裔, 母语为南非荷兰语）./ˈæfrəʊ; `æfro/ adj (of hair-style) very curly, thick and long, like the hair of some Blacks （指发型, 像某些黑人的头发, 鬈曲, 浓密而长的）非洲式的. =>illus at hair 见hair之插图. comb form 构词成分 African; of Africa 非洲的: Afro-Asian, ie of Africa and Asia./ˌæfrəʊ əˈmerɪkən; `æfroə`mɛrɪkən/ adj of American Blacks or their culture 美国黑人的; 美国黑人文化的.

n American of African descent 美国黑人./ɑːft; <i>US</i> æft; æft/ adv  1 in, near or towards the stern of a ship or the tail of an aircraft 在, 近或向（船或飞行器）尾部.  2 (idm 习语) fore and aft => fore1./ˈɑːftə(r); <i>US</i> ˈæf-; `æftɚ/ adv  1 later (in time) （在时间上）以後, 之後, 後来: The day after, he apologized. 次日, 他道歉了. * It reappeared long/soon after. 过後很久[不久]又出现了. * They lived happily ever after. 他们後来一直生活得很幸福.  2 behind (in place) （在位置上）在後: She followed on after. 她在後面跟着. Cf 参看 before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2.

/ˈɑːftə(r); <i>US</i> ˈæf-; `æftɚ/ prep  1 (a) later than (sth) 比...更晚: leave after lunch, shortly after six, the day after tomorrow, the week after next 午餐後, 刚过六点钟, 後天, 下下星期离去 * (US) half after seven in the morning, ie 7.30 am 上午七点半. (b) sth ~ sth (indicating much repetition 表示多次重复): day after day/week after week/year after year/time after time, ie very often 日复一日[一星期一星期地/一年一年地/一次又一次地] * He fired shot after shot, ie many shots. 他一枪一枪地发射. Cf 参看 before2 1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2.  2 behind (sb/sth) 在...後面: Shut the door after you when you go out. 出去时请随手关门.  3 next to and following (sb/sth) in order, arrangement or importance （在顺序, 排列或重要性上）在...之後, 跟在...後面, 仅次于: C comes after B in the alphabet. 在字母表中C接在B後面. * Your name comes after mine on the list. 在名单上你的名字在我的名字之後. * His book is the best on the subject after mine. 他的书对这一问题的论述是最好的, 仅次于我的书. * After you, ie Please enter before me, serve yourself first, etc. 您先请（然後再轮到我）. * After you with the salt. 您先用盐, 然後给我. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2.  4 because of (sth); following 因为; 由于; 在...以後: After what he did to my family, I hate him. 由于他对我家的所作所为, 我才恨他. * After your conduct last time, did you expect to be invited again? 有了你上次的行为, 你以为还会邀请你吗?  5 in pursuit of or in search of (sb/sth) 追赶; 寻找; 探求: We ran after the thief. 我们追赶窃贼. * The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他. * She's after (ie She wants) a job in publishing. 她正在找一份出版业的工作.  6 about (sb/sth); concerning 关于: They inquired after you, ie asked how you were. 他们问候你.  7 in spite of (sth) 尽管; 虽然: After everything I've done for him, he still ignores me. 尽管我什么都为他做了, 他还是不理我.  8 in the style of (sb/sth); in imitation of 依照; 仿照: a painting after Rubens 一幅仿鲁本斯的画 * draw up a constitution after the American model 仿照美国模式起草宪法 * We've named the baby after you, ie given him your first name in honour of you. 我们是用你的名字给这个婴儿取名的.  9 (idm 习语) ,after `all (a) in spite of what has been said, done or expected 毕竟; 终究; 归根结底: So you've come after all! 你到底还是来了! * After all, what does it matter? 归根结底, 那有什么关系呢? (b) it should be remembered 应该记住: He should have offered to pay  he has plenty of money, after all. 他应该主动提出付款--他有的是钱, 别忘了.

/ˈɑːftə(r); <i>US</i> ˈæf-; `æftɚ/ conj at or during a time later than (sth) 在...以後的时间或期间: I arrived after he (had) left. 我在他走後到的. * We'll arrive after you've left. 我们将在你走以後到达. Cf 参看 before3.

/ˈɑːftə(r); <i>US</i> ˈæf-; `æftɚ/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 later; following 以後的; 後来的: in after years 在以後的年月  .  2 nearer the stern of a ship 靠近船的後部的: the `after cabins 後舱.n [U] attention or treatment given to a person who has just left hospital, prison, etc （对出院  出狱等的人给予的）事後护理或安置: [attrib 作定语],after-care `services 事後服务.n [U] poisonous mixture of gases after the explosion of firedamp in a coal-mine （煤矿沼气）爆炸後的毒气.n effect that occurs afterwards, eg a delayed effect of a drug used medically 後效（如用药後延迟的效应）; effect that occurs after its cause has gone 後遗效应; 副作用: suffer from/feel no unpleasant after-effects 感到[未感到]有不良的副作用.n sensation retained by one of the senses, esp the eye, after the original stimulus has stopped 後遗感觉; （尤指）残留影像, 後像, 馀像; 馀音; 馀味; 馀感色.n [sing]  1 taste that stays after eating or drinking sth 馀味: wine which leaves an unpleasant aftertaste (in the mouth) （在口中）留有不良馀味的酒.  2 (fig 比喻) impression or feeling that stays in the mind 回味.n [sing] placenta and foetal membrane discharged from the womb after childbirth 胞衣; 胎盘和胎膜.n [U] glow in the sky after sunset （日落後天空中的）馀晖; 夕照; 晚霞.n [sing] existence that is thought by some to follow death 来生; 来世: Do you believe in an afterlife? 你相信有来生吗?adj furthest aft 最後面的./ˌɑːftəˈnuːn; <i>US</i> ˌæf-; ˌæftɚ`nun/ n [U, C] time from midday or lunch-time to about 6 pm or sunset (if this is earlier) 下午: in/during the afternoon 在下午 * this/yesterday/tomorrow afternoon 今天[昨天/明天]下午 * every afternoon 每天下午 * on Sunday afternoon 在星期日下午 * on the afternoon of 12 May 在5月12日下午 * one afternoon last week 上星期的一个下午 * She goes there two afternoons a week. 她每星期有两天下午到那里去. * [attrib 作定语] an afternoon sleep, performance, train 午觉, 午後表演, 下午班火车 * afternoon tea 下午茶点. =>Usage at morning 用法见morning.adv in the afternoons as a practice or habit （通常或习惯）在下午: Afternoons, he works at home. 下午他都在家工作.n [U, C] lotion used on the face after shaving （剃须後搽的）润肤液: [attrib 作定语] aftershave lotion 剃须後搽的润肤液.n thing that is thought of or added later 事後想到或添加的事物: Just as an afterthought  why not ask Jim? 这是事後想起的--为什么不问问吉姆呢? * The film was made first and the music was added as an afterthought. 这部电影是先拍摄画面的, 音乐是後加上的. * Mary was a bit of an afterthought  her brothers and sisters are all much older than her. 玛丽算是後添的--她哥哥姐姐都比她大得多./ˈɑːftəwədz; <i>US</i> ˈæf-; `æftɚwɚdz/ (US also afterward) adv at a later time 後来; 然後; 以後: Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterwards. 咱们先去看戏, 然後再吃吧. Cf 参看 before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2./əˈgen, əˈgeɪn; ə`ˇɛn, ə`ˇen/ adv  1 once more; another time 再一次; 又; 再: Try again. 再试一次. * Say that again, please. 请再说一遍. * Here comes Joe, drunk again. 乔来了, 又喝醉了. * Do call again. 一定再来电话啊. * Don't do that again. 别再做那种事了. * This must never happen again. 这样的事决不可以再发生了.  2 as before; to or in the original place or condition 如前; 恢复原状: He was glad to be home again. 他又回到家  , 感到很高兴. * Back again already? 已经又回来了? * You'll never get the money back again. 那笔钱你再也弄不回来了. * You'll soon be well again. 你不久就会康复. * I'm glad he's himself/his old self again, ie that he has returned to his normal state again after a shock, an illness, etc. 他又恢复正常[老样子]了, 我感到很高兴.  3 (a) likewise; furthermore 同样地; 也; 此外; 而且; 再者: Again, we have to consider the legal implications. 再者, 我们还要考虑到法律方面的含义. (b) on the other hand 另一方面: I might, and (there/then) again I might not. 我可能, 可也不一定.  4 in addition 增加: I'd like as many/much again, ie twice as many/much. 我愿再增加一倍. * half as much again, ie one-and-a-half times as much 增加一半.  5 (idm 习语) a,gain and a`gain repeatedly 反复地; 屡次地; 一再地; 再三地: I've told you again and again not to do that. 我三番五次地告诉过你, 不要做那种事./əˈgenst, əˈgeɪnst; ə`ˇɛnst, ə`ˇenst/ prep  1 in opposition to (sb/sth) 逆着; 反对; 违反; 与...相反: We were rowing against the current. 我们逆水划船. * Are most people against the proposal? 是多数人都反对这项提议吗? * That's against the law. 那是违法的. * She was married against her will. 她结婚是有违本意的. * His age is against him, ie is a disadvantage to him. 他的年龄于他不利.  2 in contact with (sb/sth); into collision with 触; 碰; 倚; 靠; 撞: Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那  , 背靠着墙. * He was leaning against a tree. 他倚着一棵树. * The rain beat against the car windscreen. 雨点打在汽车挡风玻璃上.  3 in contrast to (sth) 衬托; 相映; 对照; 对比: silhouetted against the sky 以天空为背景显出轮廓的 * The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目. * (fig 比喻) The salaries here are low (as) against the rates elsewhere. 这  的薪水与别处相比是很低的.  4 in preparation for (sth); in anticipation of 防备; 预防: protect plants against frost 保护植物以防霜冻 * take precautions against fire 采取防火措施 * an injection against rabies 狂犬病预防针.  5 opposite (sth), so as to cancel or lessen 抵销; 抵偿; 抵补: allowances to be set against income 用以抵补总收入的津贴.  6 in return for (sth) 作为...的交换: What's the rate of exchange against the dollar? 美元的兑换率是多少? * Tickets are issued only against payment of the full fee. 只有付讫全费才可将票发出.  7 (idm 习语) as against sth => as./əˈgeɪp; ə`ˇep/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (of the mouth) wide open, esp with wonder （指嘴）大张着（尤指因惊奇）: He watched with mouth agape. 他张着大嘴注视着./ˈægət; `æˇət/ n [U, C] type of very hard semiprecious stone with bands or patches of colour 玛瑙: a brooch made of agate 玛瑙做的饰针 * [attrib 作定语] an agate ring 玛瑙戒指./eɪdʒ; edʒ/ n  1 [C, U] length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 人所生活的或事物所存在的期间; 年龄; 年岁; 年纪; 寿命: What age is he? 他多大年纪? * He's six years of age/six years old. 他六岁. * Their ages are two and ten. 他们的年龄是一个两岁, 一个十岁. * At what age did she retire? 她多少岁退休的? * I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18岁. * When I was your age... 当我像你这样年纪时... * We have a son your age. 我们有个儿子和你同岁. * He lived to a great age. 他活到很大年纪. * Geologists have calculated the age of the earth. 地质学家已经计算出了地球的年龄. * [attrib 作定语] Anyone can enter the contest  there's no age limit, ie no one will be regarded as too old or too young. 任何人均可参加竞赛--无年龄限制. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 [U] latter part of life; old age 生命的後期; 老年; 晚年: the wisdom that comes with age 因年老而积累的智慧 * His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱. * Fine wine improves with age. 美酒陈年味更醇. Cf 参看 youth 1, 2.  3 [C] period of history with special characteristics or events （具有某种特徵或特殊事件的）历史时期; 时代: the Elizabethan Age, ie the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England 伊丽莎白时代（英国女王伊丽莎白一世的时代） * the modern age, the nuclear age, the age of the microchip 现代, 核子时代, 微晶片时代.  4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (infml 口) very long time 极长的时间; 很久: I waited (for) ages/an age. 我等候很久了. * It took (us) ages to find a place to park. （我们）找了好半天才找到个停车的地方.  5 (idm 习语) the age/years of discretion => discretion. at a tender age/of tender age => tender1. the awkward age => awkward. ,be/,come of `age reach the age at which one has an adult's legal rights and obligations 成年; 达到法定年龄. ,be your `age (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使语气) behave as sb of your age should and not as though you were much younger 年纪不小了（举止应与你年纪相称, 不要装成更小的样子）. feel one's age => feel. in this day and age => day. ,look one's `age seem as old as one really is 容貌与年龄相称: She doesn't look her age at all, ie appears much younger than she really is. 她一点儿也不像那么大年纪（显得年轻得多）. (be) of an `age having reached an age when one should do sth 达到该做某事的年龄: He's of an age when he ought to settle down. 他已经到了应该安顿下来的年龄了. of an `age with sb of the same age as sb 与某人同岁; 同庚. ,over `age too old 超龄. ,under `age not old enough; not yet adult 未到规定年龄; 未成年: You shouldn't sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age/to under-age teenagers. 你不应该把香烟卖给没到岁数的青少年.

/eɪdʒ; edʒ/ v (pres p ageing or aging, pp aged/eIdVd; edVd/)  1 (a) [I] grow old; show signs of growing old 变老; 显老; 见老: He's aged a lot recently. 他最近很见老. * She's aging gracefully. 她老得有风韵. (b) [Tn] cause (sb) to become old 使（某人）变老: Worry aged him rapidly. 忧虑使他老得很快. * I found her greatly aged. 我发现她老得多了.  2 (a) [I] become mature 变成熟; 变陈: allow wine to age 使酒变陈. (b) [Tn] cause or allow (sth) to mature 使（某事物）成熟.age at which sb, esp a girl, is considered old enough to consent to sexual intercourse 承诺年龄（尤指女子, 已到对性行为可以自主的年龄）.n (people in a) period of life between two (often specified) ages 某组年龄范围（内的人们）: mix with (people in) one's own age-group 与自己年龄范围的人混在一起 * Only people in the age-bracket 20-30 need apply. 只有年龄在20-30岁之间的人才可以申请.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having existed for a very long time 存在已久的; 古老的: ,age-old `customs, `ceremonies, etc 古老的习俗, 礼仪等.adj  1 / eIdVd; edVd/ [pred 作表语] of the age of 年龄在...岁: The boy was aged ten. 那个男孩十岁.  2 / 5eIdVId; `edVId/ [attrib 作定语] very old 极老的; 年老的: an aged man 一位老人. =>Usage at old 用法见old.n [U]  1 process of growing old 变老的过程.  2 changes that occur as the result of time passing 随时间流逝而发生的变化./ˈeɪdʒɪzəm; `edʒɪzəm/ n [U] (derog 贬) (practice of) treating people unfairly or unjustly because of their age 年龄歧视（的习气）./ˈeɪdʒlɪs; `edʒlɪs/ adj  1 never growing old or appearing to grow old 不变老的; 不显老的: Her beauty seems ageless. 她驻颜有术.  2 eternal 永久的; 永恒的; 永存的: the ageless mystery of the universe 宇宙的永恒的奥秘.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] existing for a very long time 长久存在着的: man's agelong struggle for freedom 人类为自由而进行的长期奋斗./ˈeɪdʒənsɪ; `edʒənsɪ/ n  1 (a) business or place of business providing a (usu specified) service 经销; 代办; 代理; 经销处; 代理处: an employment, a travel, an advertising, a secretarial, etc agency 职业介绍所, 旅行社, 广告社, 秘书介绍所 * Our company has agencies all over the world. 本公司在全世界都设有代办处. (b) (esp US) government office providing a specific service 政府的特种机构: Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局.  2 (idm 习语) by/through the agency of sth/sb (fml 文) as a result of the action of sb/sth 由于或通过某人[某事物]的作用: rocks worn smooth through the agency of water 被水冲得光滑的岩石 * He obtained his position by/through the agency of friends. 他通过朋友的帮助得到了一个职位./əˈdʒendə; ə`dʒɛndə/ n (list of) matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc 在会议上要讨论的事项（单）; 议事单; 议程表: What is the next item on the agenda? 议程表上的下一项是什么? * The agenda for the meeting is as follows.... 这次会议的议程如下..../ˈeɪdʒənt; `edʒənt/ n  1 person who acts for, or manages the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc （商业, 政治等方面的）代理人, 经纪人: an insurance agent 保险业经纪人 * a travel agent 旅行社经纪人 * our agents in the Middle East 我们在中东的代理人.  2 (a) person who does sth or causes sth to happen （做某事或使某事发生的）施动者: the agent of his own ruin 他自我毁灭的根源. (b) force or substance that produces an effect or change 产生某种效果或变化的力量或物质; 动因; 作用物; 剂: cleaning, oxidizing agents 除垢剂, 氧化剂 * Yeast is the raising agent in bread. 酵母是面包的发酵剂.  3 = secret agent (secret): an enemy agent 敌探./ˌæʒɒn prəˌvɒkəˈtɜː(r); `ɑʒˌɑn proˌvɑkə`tɝ/ (pl agents provocateurs / 9AVCn prE9vCkE5t\:(r); `BV9Bn pro9vBkE`t[/) (French 法) person employed to help in catching suspected criminals by tempting them to act illegally （受雇诱使嫌疑犯触犯刑律以便将之逮捕的）密探, 坐探./əˈglɒməreɪt; ə`ˇlɑməˌret/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become collected into a mass （使某物）成团, 结块, 凝聚.

/əˈglɒmərət; ə`ˇlɑməˌrət/ n [U] (geology 地质) fragments of (esp volcanic) rock fused together in a mass （尤指火山岩的）集块石.

adj formed or growing into a mass 成团的; 结块的; 凝聚的./əˌglɒməˈreɪʃn; əˌˇlɑmə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] action of agglomerating 成团; 结块; 凝聚.  2 [C] (esp untidy) collection of objects （尤指不整齐的）聚集; 堆: an ugly agglomeration of new buildings 一大片杂乱难看的新建筑物./əˈgluːtɪneɪt; <i>US</i> -tən-; ə`ˇlutnˌet/ v [I, Tn] join together as with glue; combine （使）粘结; （使）粘着; （使）结合. /əˌgluːtɪˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> -təˈn-; əˌˇlutn`eʃən/ n [U]. /əˈgluːtɪnətɪv; <i>US</i> -təneɪtɪv; ə`ˇlutnˌetɪv/ adj: Agglutinative languages 黏着型语言.=> aggrandize=> aggrandizement/əˈgrændaɪz; ə`ˇrænˌdaɪz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) increase the power, rank, wealth or importance of (a person or country) 加大, 扩张, 增加（个人或国家的权力, 力量, 级别, 财富或重要性）. /əˈgrændɪzmənt; ə`ˇrændɪzmənt/ n [U]: His sole aim is personal aggrandizement. 他唯一的目标就是要扩充个人的权势./ˈægrəveɪt; `æˇrəˌvet/ v [Tn]  1 make (a disease, a situation, an offence, etc) worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情况, 罪过等）恶化, 更坏, 加重, 加剧: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon. 他因过早出院而使病情恶化.  2 (infml 口) irritate (sb); annoy 激怒; 惹恼: He aggravates her just by looking at her. 他只是看着她就把她惹恼了.adj (infml 口) irritating; annoying 激怒的; 惹恼的: Constant interruptions are very aggravating when you're trying to work. 要工作的时候, 接连不断的干扰就使人非常恼火./ˌægrəˈveɪʃn; ˌæˇrə`veʃən/ n  1 [U] making more serious; irritation 恶化; 激怒.  2 [C] thing that annoys 恼人的事物: minor aggravations 小别扭./ˈægrɪgeɪt; `æˇrɪˌˇet/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount （使）聚集; （使）集合: aggregating riches 聚集财富 * aggregate sb to a political party 吸收某人加入一政党.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) amount to (a total) 总计; 合计: The television audience aggregated 30 millions. 电视观众合计达3000万人. 

/ˈægrɪgət; `æˇrɪˌˇət/ n  1 [C] total amount; mass or amount brought together 总计; 合计; 总量: the complete aggregate of unemployment figures 失业人数总计.  2 [U] (geology 地质) mass of minerals formed into one type of rock 聚成岩; 聚合体.  3 [U] materials (sand, gravel, etc) that are mixed with cement and water to make concrete 骨料（沙, 碎石等, 可与水泥, 水混合而成混凝土）.  4 (idm 习语) in the `aggregate added together; collectively 总计; 合计; 归结起来: The tax increases will, in the aggregate, cause much hardship. 增加税收归结起来将造成很多困难. on `aggregate taken as a whole 整个来说; 总体上: Our team scored the most goals on aggregate. 整个来说, 我们队得分最多.

adj [attrib 作定语] total; combined 总的; 合计的; 结合的: the aggregate sum, amount, profit, etc 总计, 总量, 总利润./ˌgrɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌæˇrɪ`ˇeʃən/ n [U, C]./əˈgreʃn; ə`ˇrɛʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) unprovoked attacking or hostility by one country against another 侵略: an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动.  2 [U] (psychology 心) hostile feelings or behaviour 敌对的情绪或行为; 攻击行动: She was always full of aggression as a child. 她自幼心中就充满了敌对情绪./əˈgresɪv; ə`ˇrɛsɪv/ adj  1 (a) (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或动物）侵略的, 好攻击的, 好寻衅的, 好争吵的: dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗 * Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平. (b) (of things or actions) for or of an attack; offensive （指事物或行动）攻击性的: aggressive weapons 攻击性的武器.  2 (often approv 常作褒义) forceful; self-assertive 强有力的; 坚持己见的: A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做个好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功. adv. n [U]./əˈgresə(r); ə`ˇrɛsɚ/ n person or country that attacks first, without being provoked （无故而首先发动攻击的）个人或国家; 寻衅攻击者; 侵略者; 侵略国: armed aggressors 武装的侵略者 * [attrib 作定语] the aggressor nation 侵略国./əˈgriːvd; ə`ˇrivd/ adj ~ (at/over sth) made to feel resentful (because of unfair treatment, etc) （因受到不公平对待等而感到）愤恨的; 愤愤不平的; 受屈的: feel much aggrieved at losing one's job 对失去工作感到极大怨恨 * I was aggrieved to find that someone had used my toothbrush. 我发现有人用过我的牙刷, 我很不高兴. * the aggrieved party, eg in a legal case 受冤屈的一方（如案件中）./ˈægrəʊ; `æˇro/ n [U] (Brit sl 俚) violent aggressive behaviour intended to cause trouble 闹事; 滋事; 寻衅: Don't give me any aggro or I'll call the police! 你别找茬儿闹事, 要不然我就叫警察了!/əˈgɑːst; <i>US</i> əˈgæst; ə`ˇæst/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at sth) filled with horror or amazement 惊恐; 惊奇: He stood aghast at the terrible sight. 他被那可怕的景象吓呆了./ˈædʒaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈædʒl; `ædʒəl/ adj able to move quickly and easily; active; nimble 敏捷的; 灵活的; 活泼的; 机敏的: as agile as a monkey 像猴子那么敏捷 * (fig 比喻) an agile mind/brain 敏捷的才思[机敏的头脑]. adv. /əˈdʒɪlətɪ; ə`dʒɪlətɪ/ n [U].=> age2./ˈædʒɪteɪt; `ædʒəˌtet/ v  1 [Tn] cause anxiety to (a person, his feelings, etc); disturb; excite 使（人, 感情等）产生忧虑; 搅乱; 激动: She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party. 他在聚会中突然出现, 使她心烦意乱.  2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth argue publicly or campaign for/against sth 煽动; 鼓动; 鼓吹: agitate for tax reform 鼓吹税制改革 * agitate against nuclear weapons 鼓动反对核武器.  3 [Tn] stir or shake (a liquid) briskly 搅动或摇动（液体）: Agitate the mixture to dissolve the powder. 搅动混合物而使粉末溶化.adj troubled or excited 焦虑的; 激动的: Don't get all agitated! 不要那么激动! /ˌdʒɪˈteɪʃn; ˌædʒə`teʃən/ n  1 [U] disturbed state of mind or feelings; anxiety 烦乱; 心焦; 忧虑: She was in a state of great agitation. 她极度心慌意乱.  2 (a) [C, U] public discussion for or against sth 公开辩论; 大辩论: women leading the agitation for equal rights 为争取男女平等而带头辩论的妇女们. (b) [U] serious public concern or unrest connected with such discussion （因受鼓动而引起公众的）关注, 不安, 骚动.n  1 person who stirs up public opinion, esp on a political matter 鼓动者, 煽动者（尤指在政治方面）.  2 device for shaking or mixing a liquid 液体搅拌器./ˈædʒɪtprɒp; `ædʒɪtˌprɑp/ n [U] Former Russian Communist propaganda, usu in the form of literature, music or art 前苏联共产党的宣传鼓动（通常为寓于文学, 音乐或艺术中者）./əˈgləʊ; ə`ˇlo/ adv, adj [pred 作表语] glowing; shining with warmth and colour 发红光; 发热; 发光彩: Christmas trees aglow with coloured lights 张灯结彩的圣诞树. * (fig 比喻) happy children's faces all aglow 快乐的儿童满面红光./ˌeɪ dʒiː ˈem; ˌe dʒi `ɛm/ abbr 缩写 = (esp Brit) annual general meeting 年会: report to the AGM 向年会报告./ˈægneɪl; `æˇˌnel/ n = hangnail./ægˈnɒstɪk; æˇ`nɑstɪk/ n person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God or of anything except material things 不可知论者（对于上帝或除物质以外的任何事物是否存在, 认为不可能知道的人）.

adj holding this belief 不可知论的./ægˈnɒstɪsɪzəm; æˇ`nɑstəˌsɪzəm/ n [U]./əˈgəʊ; ə`ˇo/ adv (used after the word or phrase it modifies, esp with the simple past tense, not with the perfect tense 用于其所修饰的词语之後, 尤与简单过去时态连用而不与完成时态连用) gone by; in the past 前; 以前: ten years ago 十年前 * not long ago 不久以前 * It happened a few minutes ago. 那是几分钟以前发生的事. * How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? * It was seven years ago that my brother died. 我哥哥是七年前死的. =>Usage at recent 用法见recent./əˈgɒg; ə`ˇɑˇ/ adj [pred 作表语] eager; excited 渴望; 急切; 兴奋; 激动: agog with curiosity 因好奇而兴奋的 * be agog for news/to hear the news 亟待得到[听到]消息 * He was all agog at the surprise announcement. 他听到那突如其来的宣布, 大为激动.=> agonize=> agonized=> agonizing=> agonizingly/ˈægənaɪz; `æˇəˌnaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) suffer great anxiety or worry intensely (about sth) （对某事物）极度忧虑或担心: We agonized for hours about which wallpaper to buy. 对买哪种壁纸, 我们伤了几小时的脑筋.adj expressing agony 表示痛苦的: an agonized look, scream 痛苦的表情, 尖叫声.adj causing agony 使人痛苦的: an agonizing pain, delay, decision 折磨人的疼痛, 恼人的耽搁, 痛苦的决定. adv  agonizingly slow 折磨人地缓慢./ˈægənɪ; `æˇənɪ/ n  1 [U, C] extreme mental or physical suffering （精神或肉体的）极大痛苦: The wounded man was in agony. 那受伤的人痛苦已极. * They suffered the agony of watching him burn to death. 他们眼巴巴见他活活烧死而五内如焚. * She was in an agony of indecision. 她陷于犹豫不决的痛苦之中. * He suffered agonies of remorse. 他饱受悔恨的煎熬.  2 (idm 习语) pile on the agony => pile3. prolong the agony => prolong.(Brit infml or joc 口或谑) person who writes replies to letters printed in an agony column(2) 读者来信专栏主持人. 参看下条 agony column(2).(Brit infml or joc 口或谑)  1 = personal column (personal).  2 part of a newspaper or magazine for letters from readers writing for advice about personal problems （报刊中关于个人疑难问题徵询意见的）读者来信专栏./ˌægərəˈfəʊbɪə; ˌæˇərə`fobɪə/ n [U] abnormal fear of being in open spaces 广场恐怖; 空旷恐惧; 恐旷症./-ˈfəʊbɪk; -`fobɪk/ n, adj (person) suffering from this fear 患恐旷症的（人）.comb form 构词成分 of soil 泥土的; 土壤的: agriculture * agronomy./əˈgreərɪən; ə`ˇrɛrɪən/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of the cultivation or ownership) of land （指耕种或所有权）土地的: agrarian laws, problems, reforms 土地法, 问题, 改革./əˈgriː; ə`ˇri/ v  1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) say `yes'; say that one is willing; consent (to sth) 同意; 愿意; 答应（某事物）: I asked for a pay rise and she agreed. 我请求加薪, 她就答应了. * Is he going to agree to our suggestion? 他会同意我们的建议吗? * He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让我早些回家. Cf 参看 refuse2.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, It, Tf, Tw] ~ (with sb) (about/on sth); ~ (with sb) (about sb); ~ (with sth) be in harmony (with sb); have or form a similar opinion (as sb)同意; 赞成; （与某人）意见一致: When he said that, I had to agree. 他既然说出那样的话了, 我也只好同意了. * Do you agree with me about the need for more schools? 关于多建一些学校一事, 你同意我的意见吗? * We couldn't agree on a date/when to meet. 关于日期[什么时候见面], 我们未能取得一致意见. * I agree with his analysis of the situation. 我同意他对情况的分析. * We agreed to start early. 我们赞成早些开始. * Do we all agree that the proposal is a good one? 我们是不是都一致认为这个建议很好? Cf 参看 disagree. (b) [Tn] reach the same opinion on (sth) 在（某事物）上取得一致的意见; 商定; 约定: Can we agree a price? 我们能不能商定一个价格? * They met at the agreed time. 他们在约好的时间相见了.  3 [Tn] accept (sth) as correct; approve 认为（某事物）正确无误; 认可: The tax inspector agreed the figures. 税务稽查员核准了这些数字. * Next year's budget has been agreed. 明年的预算已获通过.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be consistent (with sth); match （与某事物）相一致; 相符合; 相吻合: The two accounts do not agree. 这两个帐目不相符. * Your account of the affair does not agree with mine. 这件事你的说法和我的说法不一致. Cf 参看 disagree.  5 [I, Ip] ~ (together) be happy together; enjoy each other's company 合得来; 相投: Brothers and sisters never seem to agree. 兄弟姐妹好像总是合不来. Cf 参看 disagree.  6 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (grammar) correspond (with a word or phrase) in number, person, etc （与一个词或词组在数, 人称等上）一致: The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. 动词在数和人称上与主语一致. Cf 参看 disagree.  7 (idm 习语) a,gree to `differ accept differences of opinion, esp in order to avoid further argument 承认有分歧, 保留不同意见（尤用于为避免进一步争论）: We must agree to differ on this. 我们得承认在这一问题上有分歧. be agreed (on/about sth); be agreed (that...) (with it or a plural subject  与it或复数主语连用) have reached an agreement 达成协议; 意见一致: Are we all agreed on the best course of action? 我们是否都一致同意这一最佳措施? * It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要再开一次会. ,couldn't agree (with sb) `more agree completely with sb 与某人意见完全一致: `The scheme's bound to fail.' `I couldn't agree more!' ‘这项计划注定要失败.’‘你说得太对了!’  8 (phr v) agree with sb (esp in negative sentences or questions 尤用于否定句或疑问句) suit sb's health or digestion （对某人的健康或胃口）适合: The humid climate didn't agree with him. 那潮湿的气候对他不合适. * I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don't agree with me, ie they make me ill if I eat them. 我喜欢吃蘑菇, 可惜吃了难受（我吃了以後不舒服）./əˈgriːəbl; ə`ˇriəbl/ adj  1 pleasing; giving pleasure 令人喜悦的; 令人愉快的; 宜人的: agreeable weather 宜人的天气 * agreeable company 合得来的同伴 * I found him most agreeable. 我觉得他极易相处.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) ready to agree 准备同意; 欣然同意: If you're agreeable to our proposal, we'll go ahead. 如果你同意我们的建议, 我们就进行了. * I'll invite her, if you're agreeable to her coming. 如果你乐意她来的话, 我就请她./-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv pleasantly 愉快地; 欣然: agreeably surprised 惊喜交加./əˈgriːmənt; ə`ˇrimənt/ n  1 [C] arrangement, promise or contract made with sb 协定; 协议; 承诺; 合约: Please sign the agreement. 请签协议. * An agreement with the employers was finally worked out. 与雇主们的协议终于达成了. * They have broken the agreement between us. 他们撕毁了与我们的协议.  2 [U] harmony in opinion or feeling （意见或感情）协调, 相合, 一致: The two sides failed to reach agreement. 双方未能取得一致意见. * There is little agreement as to what our policy should be. 我们的方针政策应该怎样, 几乎没有一致的意见. * Are we in agreement about the price? 我们对价格的意见一致吗?  3 [U] (grammar) having the same number, gender, case or person （数, 性, 格或人称）一致: agreement between subject and verb 主语与动词一致.4 (idm 习语) a gentleman's agreement => gentleman./ˌægrɪˈkʌltʃərəl;ˌægrɪ`kʌltʃərəl/ adj: agricultural land, workers, machinery 农业用地, 工作者, 机械. adv. /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r); `æˇrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/ n [U] science or practice of cultivating the land and rearing animals; farming 农学; 农业. /ˌægrɪˈkʌltʃərɪst; ˌægrɪ`kʌltʃərɪst/ n./əˈgrɒnəmɪst; ə`ˇrɑnəmɪst/ n./əˈgrɒnəmɪ; ə`ˇrɑnəmɪ/ n [U] science of controlling the soil to produce crops 农学; 农艺学; 作物学. /əˈgraʊnd; ə`ˇraᴜnd/ adv, adj [pred 作表语] (of ships) touching the bottom in shallow water （指船）搁浅: The tanker was/went/ran aground. 油船搁浅了./ɑː; ɑ/ interj (used to express surprise, delight, admiration, sympathy, etc 用以表示惊奇, 喜悦, 赞美, 同情等): Ah, 5there you are. 啊, 原来你在这儿. Ah, good, here's the bus. 啊, 太好了, 公共汽车来了.  Ah, what a lovely baby! 啊, 多可爱的小孩儿!  Ah well, never mind. 啊, 好啦, 没什么./ɑːˈhɑː; ɑ`hɑ/ interj (used esp to express surprise or triumph 尤用以表示惊奇或胜利): Aha, so that's where she hides her money! 啊哈, 原来她把钱藏在这儿了!/əˈhed; ə`hɛd/ adv ~ (of sb/sth) further forward in space or time （在空间或时间上）向前, 往前, 朝前; 在前: He ran ahead. 他跑在前面. * The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees. 前面的路被倒下的树挡住了. * The time to relax is when we're ahead, eg in advance of our working schedule. 我们提前完成, 才是休息的时候（如提前完成工作计划）.prep  1 further forward in space or time than (sb/sth); in front of （在空间或时间上比某人[某事物]）更前, 更早: Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫. * London is about five hours ahead of New York. 伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右. * Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training. 我们当前有十天的强化训练.  2 in the lead over (sb/sth); further advanced than 处于（某人[某事物]）的领先地位; 比...更先进; 领先: She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先. * His ideas were (way) ahead of his time. 他的思想比他所处的时代先进（得多）./əˈhəm; ə`hɛm/ interj (used in writing to indicate the noise made when clearing the throat, esp to get sb's attention, express disapproval or gain time 书面语中用以表示清嗓子的声音, 尤用以引人注意, 表示不以为然或用以赢得时间): Ahem, might I make a suggestion? 啊哼, 我可以提个建议吗?/əˈhɔɪ; ə`hɔɪ/ interj (cry used by seamen to call attention 船员们用以引人注意的呼喊声): Ahoy there! 啊呣! * Land/Ship ahoy! ie There is land/a ship in sight. 啊, 看到陆地[船]了!/ˌeɪ ˈaɪ; ˌe `aɪ/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) artificial intelligence./eɪd; ed/ n  1 [U] help 帮助; 援助: with the aid of a friend 在朋友的帮助下 * legal aid 法律援助 * She came quickly to his aid, ie to help him. 她急忙来帮助他.  2 [C] thing or person that helps 有助之物或人: a `hearing aid 助听器 * `teaching aids 教具 * visual `aids, eg pictures, films, etc used in teaching 视觉教具（如用于教学中的图片, 影片等）.  3 [U] food, money, etc sent to a country to help it （帮助某国的食物, 金钱等）援助: How much overseas/foreign aid does Britain give? 英国在援外方面做出多少贡献? * [attrib 作定语] medical `aid programmes 医疗援助计划.  4 (idm 习语) in aid of sth/sb in support of sth/sb 以支援或帮助某事物[某人]: collect money in aid of charity 为资助慈善事业募捐. what's (all) this, etc in aid of? (infml 口) what is the purpose of this, etc? 这个（等）有什么用（意）?: Now then, what's all this crying in aid of? 得啦, 还有什么好哭的?

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (in/with sth) (fml 文) help sb 帮助某人.  2 (idm 习语) ,aid and a`bet (esp law 尤用于法律) encourage or help (sb) in some criminal activity 怂恿或协助（某人）犯罪./eɪd; ed/ n  1 = aide-de-camp.  2 (esp US) assistant 助手: the chief aides to the President 总统的主要助手们./ˌeɪd də ˈkɒm; <i>US</i> ˈkæmp; `eddə`kæmp/ (also aide) n (pl aides-de-camp / 9eId dE 5kCm; `eddE`kAmp/) (abbr 缩写 ADC) naval or military officer who acts as assistant to a senior officer （海军或陆军的高级长官的）副官./ˌeɪd memˈwɑː(r); ˌedˌmem`wɑr/ n (pl aides-memoire / 9eId mem5wB:(r); 9ed9mem`wBr/) document, book, etc used to remind sb of sth 备忘录./eɪl; el/ v [Tn] (arch 古) trouble (sb) in body or mind (used esp as in the expression shown) 使（某人）痛苦或烦恼（尤用于以下示例）: What ails you? 你有什么烦恼?/ˈeɪlərɒn; `eləˌrɑn/ n hinged part of the wing of an aircraft, used to control its balance while it is flying 副翼（飞机的机翼上控制飞行平衡的活动辅助翼）. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft之插图.adj unwell; ill 不舒服; 生病; 有病: My wife is ailing. 我的妻子病了. * (fig 比喻) the ailing economy 病态的经济./ˈeɪlmənt; `elmənt/ n illness, esp a slight one 疾病（尤指轻病）; 小病: He's prone to minor ailments. 他动不动就生点儿病./eɪm; em/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sth/sb) point or direct (a weapon, blow, missile, etc) towards an object 瞄准; 对准: You're not aiming straight. 你瞄得不准. * He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 他（用枪）瞄准目标开火, 却未打中. * The punch was aimed at his opponent's head. 那一拳是冲着对手的头打去的. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for sth) direct one's efforts (in the specified direction) （向某方向）努力; 力争: He has always aimed high, ie been ambitious. 他总是志气很高. * She's aiming at (ie trying to win) a scholarship. 她争取获得奖学金. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ sth at sb direct (a comment, criticism, etc) at sb （评论, 批评等）针对某人: My remarks were not aimed at you. 我的话并非针对你说的.  2 [Ipr, It] ~ at doing sth intend or try to do sth 意欲, 企图, 力求做某事物: We must aim at increasing/to increase exports. 我们要力求增加出口货物.

/eɪm; em/ n  1 [U] action of pointing or directing a weapon or missile at a target （武器或投射物向目标的）瞄准, 对准, 瞄: My aim was accurate. 我瞄得很准. * Take careful aim (at the target) before firing. 开火之前仔细瞄准（目标）. * He missed his aim, ie did not hit the target. 他瞄准失误（未打中目标）.  2 [C] purpose; intention 目的; 意图: He has only one aim in life  to become rich. 他活着只有一个目的--发财./ˈeɪmlɪs; `emlɪs/ adj having no purpose 无目的的; 无目标的: aimless wanderings 无目的地四处流浪 * lead an aimless life 过着没有目标的生活. adv: drift aimlessly from job to job 漫无目标地不断更换工作. n [U]./eɪnt; ent/ contracted form 缩约式 (non-standard or joc 不规范或谑)  1 am/is/are not: Things ain't what they used to be. 情况不像过去那样了.  2 has/have not: You ain't seen nothing yet. 你什么也没看见./eə(r); ɛr/ n  1 [U] mixture of gases surrounding the earth and breathed by all land animals and plants 空气: Let's go out for some fresh air. 咱们出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气吧.  2 [U] (a) the earth's atmosphere; open space in this 大气; 天空: the birds of the air 天空的鸟 * be in the open air 露天. (b) the earth's atmosphere as the place where aircraft fly 空中: send goods by air 空运货物 * travel by air, ie in an aircraft 乘飞机 * The site of the old fort is clearly visible from the air. 古堡的遗址在空中看得很清楚. * [attrib 作定语] air travel, transport, traffic, freight 航空旅行, 运输, 交通, 货运.  3 [C] impression given; appearance or manner 给人的印象; 外貌; 态度: smile with a triumphant air 带着胜利神情的微笑 * do things with an air, ie confidently 很神气地（有信心地）做事情 * The place has an air of mystery (about it), ie looks mysterious. 那地方有一种神秘的气氛（环绕着）.  4 [C] (dated 旧) melody; tune 旋律; 曲调: Bach's Air on a G String 巴赫的G弦之歌.  5 [C] (dated 旧) light wind; breeze 微风; 和风.  6 (idm 习语) ,airs and `graces (derog 贬) affected manner intended (usu unsuccessfully) to make one appear a very refined person 矫揉造作; 惺惺作态. a breath of fresh air => breath. castles in the air => castle. a change of air/climate => change2. clear the air => clear3. give oneself/put on `airs behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress others 装模作样; 装腔作势. hot air => hot. in the `air (a) in circulation; current 在流传中; 流行的: There's (a feeling of) unrest in the air. 四处充满了不安（的感觉）. (b) uncertain; undecided 未确定的; 悬而未决的: Our plans are still (up) in the air. 我们的计划仍悬而未决. in the open air => open1. light as air/as a feather => light3. ,on/,off the `air broadcast(ing)/not broadcast(ing) on radio or television （无线电或电视）广播[停播]: This channel comes on the air every morning at 7 am. 这个频道每天早晨7点钟开始播放. * We'll be off the air for the summer and returning for a new series in the autumn. 我们将于夏季停播而于秋季开始播放一套新节目. ,take the `air (dated or fml 旧或文) go out of doors in order to enjoy the fresh air 到户外呼吸新鲜空气. tread on air => tread. vanish, etc into thin air => thin. with one's nose in the air => nose1.

/eə(r); ɛr/ v [Tn]  1 (a) put (clothing, etc) in a warm place or the open air in order to make it quite dry 晾（衣物等）; 晾乾. (b) let air into (a room, etc) to cool or freshen it 通风; 透风.  2 express (an idea, a complaint, etc) publicly 公开表示（意见, 不满等）: air one's views, opinions, grievances, etc 述说自己的看法, 意见, 冤情等 * He likes to air his knowledge, ie let others see how much he knows. 他喜欢炫耀自己的知识. place from which military aircraft operate 空军基地.brake worked by air pressure 气闸; 气压制动器.(Brit) second highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军上将.(Brit) officer of the Royal Air Force next below Air Vice-Marshal （皇家空军）空军准将.[CGp] branch of the armed forces that uses aircraft for attack and defence 空军: the Royal Air Force 皇家空军 * [attrib 作定语] air force officers 空军军官.stewardess in a passenger aircraft （客机上的）女服务员, 空中小姐.single sheet of light paper folded to form a letter that may be sent cheaply by airmail 航空邮笺（单页薄纸摺成的航空信件, 邮资较廉）.(Brit) third highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军中将. =>App 9 见附录9.partial vacuum in the air causing aircraft in flight to drop suddenly 气阱（大气中的半真空状态, 可造成飞行中的飞机突然下坠）.device for pumping air into or out of sth 气泵.attack by aircraft dropping bombs 空袭: Many civilians were killed in the air raids on London. 在伦敦遭空袭时, 有很多老百姓遇难. * [attrib 作定语] an air-raid warning, shelter 空袭警报, 防空洞.= airgun.speed of an aircraft relative to the air through which it is moving 空速（飞行器与其所穿过的空气的相对速度）. Cf 参看 ground speed (ground1).building in a town providing transport to and from an airport 航空终点站（为往返于机场提供交通工具的市内集散处）.person at an airport who gives radio instructions to pilots wishing to take off or land 空中交通管制员, 航空调度员（在飞机场向要起飞或降落的飞行员发出无线电指示的人员）. air traffic control organization within which such a person works 空中交通管制.(Brit) fourth highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军少将. =>App 9 见附录9.n mattress that can be filled with air 充气床垫.n (in animals and plants) bladder filled with air （动植物的）充有气体的囊, 鳔, 气囊.adj: an air-conditioned office 有空气调节设备的办公室 * Is the house air-conditioned? 这所房子是空气调节的吗? n [U] system controlling the humidity and temperature of the air in a room or building 空气调节系统（控制室内或建筑物内空气湿度和温度的系统）. adj cooled by a current of air 空气冷却的: an ,air-cooled `engine 空气冷却的发动机.n  1 cushion that can be filled with air 气垫（可充气的垫子）.  2 layer of air supporting eg a hovercraft 气垫（支撑如气垫船的空气层）.rescue (organization for the) rescue of people from the sea using aircraft 海空救援, 海空救护队（用飞行器从海中救人）.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] from one aircraft to another in flight 空对空的（在飞行中从一飞行器到另一飞行器的）: an air-to-air missile 空对空导弹.n [pl] radio waves 无线电波./ˈeəbɔːn; `ɛrˌbɔrn/ adj (a) [attrib 作定语] transported by the air 空运的; 空中传播的; 空气传播的; 风媒的: airborne seeds 空气传播的种子. (b) [pred 作表语] (of aircraft) in the air after taking off （指飞行器）起飞後在飞行中: Smoking is forbidden until the plane is airborne. 飞机升空时禁止吸烟. (c) [attrib 作定语] (of troops) specially trained for operations using aircraft （指部队）受过空战训练的: an airborne division 空降师.n device for spraying paint by means of compressed air （喷颜料的）气笔; 喷枪.n (propr 专利名) aircraft operating regularly and often over short or medium distances 中短程班机.n./ˈeəkrɑːft; `ɛrˌkræft/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any machine or structure that can fly in the air and is regarded as a vehicle or carrier 飞行器（可在空中飞行作运载用的任何机器或建造物）; 航空器; 飞机; 飞艇; . =>illus 见插图.n ship that carries aircraft and is used as a base for landing and taking off 航空母舰./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (Brit) lowest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军士兵.n (pl -women / -wImIn; -wImIn/) (Brit) lowest rank in the Women's Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军女兵.n [CGp] crew of an aircraft 空勤人员; 空勤组.n area of open level ground equipped with hangars and runways for (esp military) aircraft （尤指军用）飞机场.n (also air rifle) gun that fires pellets by means of compressed air 气枪./ˈeərəlɪ; `ɛrəlɪ/ adv in a carefree light-hearted manner 无忧无虑地; 轻松地; 漫不经心地: `I don't care,' he said airily. ‘我才不在乎呢,’他漫不经心地说./ˈeərɪŋ; `ɛrɪŋ/ n [sing]: give the blanket a good airing, ie expose it to fresh air or warmth 把毯子好好过一下风 * (fig 比喻) give one's views an airing, ie express them to others 表明自己的观点.heated cupboard in which to keep sheets, towels, etc （储藏被单, 毛巾等的）暖橱, 烘柜./ˈeəlɪs; `ɛrlɪs/ adj  1 not having enough fresh air; stuffy 缺少新鲜空气的; 不通风的: an airless room 空气不流通的房间.  2 without a breeze; calm and still 无风的; 平静的: It was a hot, airless evening. 那是一个闷热的晚上.n transport of supplies, troops, etc by aircraft, esp in an emergency or when other routes are blocked 空运（尤指于紧急时期或其它通路封闭时, 运送补给, 军队等）: an emergency airlift of food to the famine-stricken areas 紧急空运食物至饥荒灾区.  v [Tn] transport (people, supplies, etc) in this way （此种）空运（人, 物资等）: Civilians trapped in the beleaguered city have been airlifted to safety. 被围困在城里的老百姓已空运到安全地区.n [CGp] company or service providing regular flights for public use （有定期班机为民众使用的）航空公司, 航空服务: [attrib 作定语] an airline pilot 民航飞机驾驶员. n large passenger aircraft （大型民航）班机.n  1 stoppage in the flow of liquid in a pump or pipe, caused by a bubble of air 气塞（液泵或液管中阻止液体流动的气泡堵塞）.  2 compartment with an airtight door at each end, providing access to a pressurized chamber 气闸室（两端有密闭门可通往增压室）.n [U] mail carried by air 航空邮件: send a letter (by) airmail 寄航空信 * [attrib 作定语] an airmail envelope 航空信封 * an airmail edition, eg of a newspaper or magazine, printed on special light paper 航空版（如用特种薄纸印的报刊）.  v [Tn] send (sth) by airmail 用航空邮寄（某物）./-mən; -mən/ n (pl `airmen / -mEn; -mEn/)  1 pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft 飞机驾驶员或乘务员.  2 (Brit) member of the Royal Air Force, esp below the rank of a commissioned officer 皇家空军人员（尤指军阶低于少尉者）. =>App 9 见附录9.n (US) = aeroplane.n large area where civil aircraft land and take off, usu with facilities for passengers and goods, and customs （民航）飞机场; 航空站.n aircraft filled with gas and driven by engines 飞艇; 飞船.adj feeling sick as a result of travelling in an aircraft 晕机的. n [U].n [U] part of the earth's atmosphere above a country and legally controlled by that country 空域; 领空: a violation of British airspace by foreign aircraft, ie flying over Britain without permission 外国飞机对英国领空的侵犯.n strip of ground cleared for aircraft to land and take off （为飞机起落而开辟的）简易跑道.adj not allowing air to enter or escape 不透气的; 密闭的; 密封的.n  1 ventilating passage (eg in a mine) 通气道（如矿井中者）.  2 route regularly taken by aircraft 航线（飞机航行所循的固定路线）.n (pl -women)  1 woman pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft 女飞行员; 女空勤人员.  2 (Brit) member of the Women's Royal Air Force, esp below the rank of commissioned officer （女）皇家空军人员（尤指军阶低于少尉者）.n [U].adj (of aircraft) fit to fly; in good working order （指飞行器）适航的; 飞行性能良好的. /ˈeərɪ; `ɛrɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 having plenty of fresh air moving about; well-ventilated 空气流通的; 通风的: The office was light and airy. 那间办公室又明亮又通风.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) light as air 像空气一样轻的; 轻飘飘的: an airy silk gauze 轻飘飘的丝质薄纱. (b) (fig 比喻) without substance; not sincere 无实质的; 不诚恳的: an airy promise, ie one that is unlikely to be kept 轻诺. (c) carefree and light-hearted 无忧无虑的; 轻松的; 漫不经心的: an airy manner 轻松的样子 * an airy disregard for the law 对法律满不在乎.adj (infml derog 口, 贬) not practical or realistic 不实际的; 不现实的: airy-fairy notions 异想天开的想法 * The scheme seems a bit airy-fairy to me. 这个计划我看有些不着边际./aɪl; aɪl/ n  1 side passage in a church that is divided by a row of pillars from the nave （教堂内用列柱与中堂分隔的）侧廊, 走道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, railway carriage, etc （教堂, 剧院, 客车车厢等内座位间的）通道, 走道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix.  3 (idm 习语) knock them in the aisles => knock2. rolling in the aisles => roll./eɪtʃ; etʃ/ n  1 the letter H  H字母.  2 (idm 习语) drop one's aitches => drop2./ˈeɪtʃbəʊn; `etʃˌbon/ n (a) rump-bone of an animal 动物的臀骨. (b) piece of beef cut from the part above this bone （牛的）臀骨肉./əˈdʒɑː(r); ə`dʒɑr/ adj [pred 作表语] (of a door) slightly open （指门）微开着, 半开着: The door was/stood ajar. 那扇门半开着. * leave the door ajar 让门半开着.abbr 缩写 = (esp US) also known as 又名; 亦称: Antonio Fratelli, aka `Big Tony' 安东尼奥·弗拉特里, 又叫‘大托尼’./əˈkɪmbəʊ; ə`kɪmbo/ adv (idm 习语) with arms akimbo => arm. =>illus at arm 见 arm 之插图./əˈkɪn; ə`kɪn/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) similar; related 近似; 有关系: He felt something akin to pity. 他感到有一种近于怜悯的感情. * Pity and love are closely akin. 怜悯近乎爱./ˈæləbɑːstə(r); <i>US</i> -bs-; `æləˌbæstɚ/ n [U] soft (usu white) stone, like marble in appearance, often carved to make ornaments 雪花石膏（一种质软而通常为白色的石料, 貌似大理石, 常用以雕刻成装饰品）.

adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of alabaster 雪花石膏的: an alabaster vase 雪花石膏花瓶. (b) white or smooth like alabaster （像雪花石膏一样）白润光滑的: her alabaster complexion 她那白润光滑的肌肤./əˈlækrətɪ; ə`lækrətɪ/ n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) prompt and eager readiness 爽快; 乐意: He accepted her offer with alacrity. 他欣然接受了她的建议./əˈlɑːm; ə`lɑrm/ n  1 [C] (a) warning sound or signal 警报的声音或信号: give/raise/sound the alarm 发出警报. (b) apparatus that gives such a warning 警报器; 警报装置: Where's the fire alarm? 火警的警铃在哪  ?  2 [C] = alarm clock.  3 [U] fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊慌; 恐慌: This news fills me with alarm. 这消息使我大为惊慌. * He jumped up in alarm. 他惊慌地跳了起来. * There's no cause for alarm. 不必惊慌.  4 (idm 习语) a false alarm => false.

v [Tn] give a warning or feeling of danger to (a person or an animal); frighten; disturb 警告或惊吓（人或动物）; 使惊觉; 惊动: I don't want to alarm you, but there's a strange man in your garden. 我并不想吓着你, 不过你的花园  可有个生人. * Alarmed by the noise, the birds flew away. 那声音把鸟吓飞了. alarmed adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at/by sth) anxious or afraid 担心; 害怕: I'm rather alarmed (to hear) that you're planning to leave the company. （听说）你打算脱离这个公司, 我有些担心. alarming adj causing fear; disturbing 使人害怕的; 吓人的; 扰乱人心的: an alarming increase in the number of burglaries 窃案惊人的增多 * The report is most alarming. 这个报告最为扰乱人心. alarmingly adv: Prices have increased alarmingly. 价格惊人地增长.clock with a device that can be set to ring at a particular time, esp to wake sleepers 闹钟: set the alarm (clock) for six o'clock 把闹钟定在六点钟响.n (derog 贬) person who alarms others unnecessarily or excessively 不必要地或过分地使他人惊慌的人.  

adj: alarmist warnings, forecasts, etc 危言耸听的警告, 预告等 * We mustn't be alarmist. 我们不要危言耸听./əˈls; ə`læs/ interj (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) (expressing sorrow or regret 表示悲哀或懊悔): Alas, they've all sold out, madam. 哎呀, 都卖光了, 小姐./ˈælbətrɒs; <i>US</i> also -trɔːs; `ælbəˌtrɔs, -trɑs/ n large white sea-bird with long wings, common in the Pacific and Southern Oceans 信天翁（白色长翼大海鸟, 常见于太平洋及南半球各海洋）./ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt; ɔl`biɪt/ conj (dated or fml 旧或文) although 虽然; 尽管: I tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to contact him. 尽管并未与他联系上, 可是我已经尽力而为了. =>Usage at although 用法见 although./ælˈbiːnəʊ; <i>US</i> -ˈbaɪ-; æl`baɪno/ n (pl ~s) person or animal born with no colouring pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (which are pink) 患白化病的人或动物（先天色素缺乏患者, 皮肤毛发呈白色, 眼呈粉红色）: [attrib 作定语] an albino rabbit 患白化病的兔子./ˈælbəm; `ælbəm/ n  1 book in which a collection of photographs, autographs, postage stamps, etc can be kept 收存照片, 签名手迹, 邮票等的册子.  2 long-playing record with several items by the same performer （有同一人的几项演唱或演奏的）歌集唱片: This is one of the songs from/on her latest album. 这是她的最新歌集唱片  的一首歌. Cf 参看 single n 5./ˈælbjʊmɪn; <i>US</i> ælˈbjuːmən; æl`bjumən/ n [U]  1 white of egg 蛋白; 蛋清. =>illus at egg 见egg之插图.  2 (botany 植) substance found in many seeds, esp the eatable part 胚乳./ˈælbjʊmɪn; <i>US</i> ælˈbjuːmɪn; l`bjumɪn/ n [U] protein found in egg-white, milk, blood and some plants 白蛋白./ˈælkəmɪst; `ælkəmɪst/ n person who studied or practised alchemy 炼金术士./ˈælkəmɪ; `ælkəmɪ/ n [U] medieval form of chemistry, the chief aim of which was to discover how to turn ordinary metals into gold 炼金术（中世纪化学, 其主要目的是寻求将普通金属转变成黄金的方法）./ˈælkəhɒl; <i>US</i> -hɔːl; `ælkəˌhɔl/ n  1 [U] (a) colourless liquid that can cause drunkenness, contained in drinks such as beer, wine, brandy and whisky 酒精. (b) this liquid used as a solvent and fuel 乙醇.  2 [U] drinks containing this 含酒精的饮料; 酒: prohibit the sale of alcohol 禁止售酒 * I never touch (ie drink drinks that contain) alcohol. 我从不喝酒.  3 [U, C] chemical compound of the same type as alcohol 醇./ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk; <i>US</i> -ˈhɔːl-; ˌælkə`hɔlɪk/ adj  1 of or containing alcohol 酒精的; 含酒精的: ,alcoholic `drinks 含酒精的饮料 * Home-made wine can be very alcoholic. 自制的酒有的酒性很烈.  2 [attrib 作定语] caused by drinking alcohol 由喝酒引起的: be in an,alcoholic `stupor 醉得不省人事.  n person who drinks too much alcohol or suffers from alcoholism 饮酒过度的人; 酒鬼; 酒精中毒的人./-ɪzəm; -ˌɪzəm/ n [U] (disease caused by) continual heavy drinking of alcohol 酒精中毒（症）./ˈælkəʊv; `ælkov/ n small space in a room, etc formed by part of the wall being set back; recess 壁凹（墙壁凹进处）; 凹室; 壁龛: The bed fits neatly into the alcove. 床正好放进壁凹  ./ˈɔːldə(r); `ɔldɚ/ n tree of the birch family, usu growing in marshy places 桤木（桦木科, 通常生长于沼泽地带）./ˈɔːldəmən; `ɔldɚmən/ n (pl -men / -mEn;-mEn/)  1 (Brit) (esp formerly) member of a county or borough council, next in rank below the mayor （尤指旧时地位仅次于市长的）高级市政官.  2 (US) (in some cities) member of the city council, representing a particular part of the city （某些城市中的）市参议员. /ˌɔːldəˈmnɪk; ˌɔldɚ`mænɪk/ adj./eɪl; el/ n  1 (a) [U, C] (used esp in compounds and phrases 尤用于复合词及词组中) (type of) strong beer, usu sold in bottles 浓啤酒（酒精浓度高, 通常为瓶装的啤酒）: We sell a wide range of ales and stouts. 我们出售种类繁多的浓啤酒和黑啤酒. (b) [C] glass of ale 一杯浓啤酒: Two light ales, please. 请来两杯淡的啤酒.  2 [U] (dated or dialect 旧或方) beer 啤酒: a pint of ale 一品脱啤酒.  3 (idm 习语) cakes and ale => cake.n (pl -houses / -haUzIz; -haJzIz/) (arch 古) inn or tavern 客栈; 酒馆./əˈlɜːt; ə`lɝt/ adj ~ (to sth) attentive and quick to think or act 警惕的; 警觉的; 机警的: be alert to possible dangers 对可能发生的危险有警觉 * The alert listener will have noticed the error. 耳朵尖的人能听出这个错. * Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably alert. 他虽已年逾八十, 但头脑仍十分机敏.

n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (time of) special watchfulness before or during an attack 警戒（期间）: The troops were placed on full alert. 部队处于全面戒备状态.  2 warning given to prepare for danger or an attack 警报: give/receive the alert 发出[收到]警报.  3 (idm 习语) on the a`lert (against/for sth) watchful and prepared 警惕; 提防: Police warned the public to be on the alert for suspected terrorists. 警方警告群众警惕涉嫌的恐怖分子.

v  1 [Tn] warn (soldiers, etc) to watch for danger and be ready to act 使（士兵等）警戒, 戒备: Why weren't the police alerted? 为什么警方没戒备起来?  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth make sb aware of sth 提醒某人注意某事: alert staff to the crisis facing the company 提醒职员注意公司面临的危局.adv.n [U]./ælˈflfə; æl`fælfə/ n [U] (US) = lucerne./ælˈfreskəʊ; æl`frɛsko/ adj, adv in the open air 露天（的）; 在户外（的）: an alfresco lunch 露天午餐 * lunching alfresco 在户外吃午饭./ˈældʒiː, also ˈælgaɪ; `ældʒi/ n [pl] (sing alga/ 5AlgE; `Al^E/) very simple plants with no true stems or leaves, found chiefly in water 藻; 藻类./ˈældʒɪbrə; `ældʒəbrə/ n [U] branch of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent quantities 代数学; 代数. /ˌldʒɪˈbreɪɪk; ˌældʒə`breɪk/ adj. /-klɪ;-klɪ/ adv.(also Algol) / 5AlgCl; `Al^Bl/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) algorithmic oriented language, a high-level programming language 算法语言./ˈælgərɪðəm; `ælˇəˌrɪðəm/ n (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) set of rules or procedures that must be followed in solving a problem 算法; 计算程序./ˈeɪlɪəs; `elɪəs/ n name by which a person is called at other times or in other places; false name 别名; 化名; 假名: The criminal Mick Clark has/uses several aliases. 那个叫米克·克拉克的罪犯有[使用]好几个化名.

adv also (falsely) called 又名; 化名: Mick Clark, alias Sid Brown, is wanted for questioning by the police. 米克·克拉克, 又名锡德·布朗, 被警方通缉审问./ˈælɪbaɪ; `æləˌbaɪ/ n  1 (law 律) formal statement or evidence that a person was in another place at the time of a crime 某人当时不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明: The suspects all had good alibis for the day of the robbery. 所有疑犯都有在抢劫案发当天不在犯罪现场的充足证明.  2 (infml 口) excuse of any kind 藉口; 托辞: Late again, Richard? What's your alibi this time? 理查德, 又迟到了? 这次你有什么藉口呢?/ˈeɪlɪən; `elɪən/ n  1 (fml or law 文或律) person who is not a naturalized citizen of the country in which he is living 外侨; 侨民; 外国人.  2 being from another world 从另一世界来的生物.

adj  1 (a) foreign 外国的: an alien land 外国. (b) unfamiliar; strange 不熟悉的; 陌生的: an alien environment 陌生的环境 * alien customs 陌生的风俗习惯.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/sb contrary to sth; hateful to sb 与某事物相反; 使某人憎恨: Such principles are alien to our religion. 这些原则与我们的宗教信仰相抵触. * Cruelty was quite alien to his nature/to him. 残忍的行为与他的本性[与他]格格不入./ˈeɪlɪəneɪt; `elɪənˌet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) cause sb to become unfriendly or indifferent; estrange sb 使某人疏远或冷淡; 离间某人: The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers. 首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她. * Many artists feel alienated from society, ie feel they do not belong to it or have been rejected by it. 很多艺术家都感到与社会脱节.  2 [Tn] (law 律) transfer the ownership of (property) from one person to another 转让（财产）所有权; 让渡./ˌeɪlɪəˈneɪʃn; ˌelɪən`eʃən/ n [U] ~ (from sb/sth) alienating or being alienated; estrangement 疏远; 离间: His criminal activities led to complete alienation from his family. 他的犯罪活动导致了他与家庭完全隔绝. * Mental illness can create a sense of alienation from the real world. 精神病能产生一种与现实世界脱离的感觉./əˈlaɪt; ə`laɪt/ adj [pred 作表语] on fire; lit 烧着; 点着: A cigarette set the dry grass alight. 香烟把乾草点着了. * Her dress caught alight in the gas fire. 她的衣服让煤气炉烧着了. * (fig 比喻) Their faces were alight with joy. 他们因喜悦而容光焕发.

/əˈlaɪt; ə`laɪt/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) get down from a horse or vehicle （从马上或车上）下来: Passengers should never alight from a moving bus. 公共汽车未停稳时, 乘客万勿下车. Cf 参看 dismount 1.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of a bird) come down from the air and settle （指鸟）飞落: The sparrow alighted on a nearby branch. 那支麻雀飞落在附近的树枝上.  3 [Ipr] ~ on sth find sth by chance 偶然发现, 碰见某事物: My eye alighted on a dusty old book at the back of the shelf. 我偶然发现在书架後面有一本满是灰尘的旧书./əˈlaɪn; ə`laɪn/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) place or arrange (a thing or things) in a straight line 将（某物）放置或排列在一条直线上: a row of trees aligned with the edge of the road 与路边成一直线的一排树. (b) [Tn] put (the parts of a machine) into the correct position in relation to each other 将（机器的部件）安装到相互间正确的位置上: align the wheels of a car 校准汽车的轮子.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sb join sb as an ally; come into agreement with sb 与某人结盟; 与某人一致: The Communist Party has aligned itself with the Socialists. 共产党与社会党结成了联盟.n [U, C]  1 arrangement in a straight line 排成直线: The sights of the gun must be in alignment with the target. 枪的瞄准器必须与射击目标对准成一线.  2 (esp political) arrangement in groups （尤指政治上的）联盟: the alignment of Japan with the West 日本与西方的联盟.  3 (idm 习语) out of alignment not in line 不成一直线./əˈlaɪk; ə`laɪk/ adj [pred 作表语] like one another; similar 相同; 一样; 相似: These two photographs are almost alike. 这两张照片几乎一样. * The twins don't look at all alike. 这对双胞胎一点儿都不像. * All music is alike to him, ie He cannot tell one kind from another. 各种音乐在他听来全都一样（他辨别不出音乐的种类）.

adv in the same way 同样地: treat everybody exactly alike 一视同仁 * The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike. 这里的气候总是那么热, 夏季和冬季都一样./ˌælɪˈmentərɪ; ˌælə`mɛntərɪ/ adj of food and digestion 食物及消化的.tubular passage between the mouth and the anus through which food passes as it is digested 消化道./ˈælɪmənɪ; <i>US</i> -məʊnɪ; `æləˌmonɪ/ n [U] allowance that a court may order a man to pay to his wife or former wife before or after a legal separation or divorce （经法院判决在分居或离婚以前或以後男方付给妻子或前妻的）赡养费. Cf 参看 maintenance 2./əˈlaɪv; ə`laɪv/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 living; not dead 活着; 没死: She was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院的时候, 她还活着呢. * Many people are still buried alive after the earthquake. 在地震过後, 仍有很多人被活生生埋着.  2 active; lively 活泼; 活动; 有活力: You seem very much alive today. 你今天好像非常活跃.  3 in existence; continuing 存在着; 继续不断: Newspaper reports kept interest in the story alive. 报纸报道的这件事一直很吸引人.  4 (idm 习语) a,live and `kicking (infml 口) still living, in good health and active 生气勃勃; 精神饱满; 活泼; 活跃: You'll be glad to hear that Bill is alive and kicking. 比尔现在精神饱满, 你听了一定很高兴. (be) alive to sth aware of or responsive to sth 对某事物注意到的或敏感的: He is fully alive to the possible dangers. 他充分注意到会有危险. (be) alive with sth full of (living or moving things) 充满（活的或动的东西）: The lake was alive with fish. 湖  满是游来游去的鱼. ,look a`live hurry up; be brisk 赶快; 快些: Look alive! You'll miss the bus. 快点儿啊! 你要赶不上公共汽车了./ˈælkəlaɪ; `ælkəˌlaɪ/ n [C, U] (chemistry 化) any of a class of substances (eg caustic soda and ammonia) that neutralize acids and form caustic or corrosive solutions in water 硷. Cf 参看 acid1 1. adj: alkaline soil 硷性土壤. Cf 参看 acid2 3. /lkəˈlɪnɪtɪ; ˌælkə`lɪnətɪ/ n [U]./ɔːl; ɔl/ indef det  1 (used with plural ns; the n may be preceded by the, this/that/these/those, my, his, her, etc or a cardinal number 与复数名词连用, 在名词前可用the, this[that/these/those]my, his, her等, 也可用基数词) the whole number of 全部; 全数; 全体; 所有; 一切: All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses. 所有的马都是动物, 但并非所有的动物都是马. * All the people you invited are coming. 你所邀请的人全都来. * All my plants have died. 我的花草全都死了. * All five men are hard workers. 他们五个人都很努力.  2 (used with uncountable ns; the n may be preceded by the, this/that or my, his, her, etc 与不可数名词连用, 在名词前可用the, this[that]或 my, his, her等) the whole amount of 全部; 全数; 所有; 一切: All wood tends to shrink. 所有木头都会缩一些. * You've had all the fun and I've had all the hard work. 所有美事儿都是你的, 所有苦事儿都是我的. * All this mail must be answered. 这批信件都得回覆.  3 (used with singular ns denoting a period of time 与表示一段时间的单数名词连用) (for) the whole duration of 全; 整; 整个: He's worked hard all year/month/week/day, ie throughout the year, etc. 他全年[整月/整星期/全天]都很努力. * She was abroad all last summer. 她去年整个夏天都在国外. * We were unemployed (for) all that time. 在整整那段时期我们都失业了. * He has lived all his life in London. 他一生都住在伦敦. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 the greatest possible 极大限度的: with all speed/haste/dispatch 全速[尽快/尽速] * in all honesty/frankness/sincerity, ie speaking with the greatest honesty, etc 最诚实地[坦白地/真诚地].  5 any whatever 无论什么; 任何: Beyond all doubt (ie There can't be any doubt that) changes are coming. 毫无疑问, 要有变化了. * He denied all knowledge of the crime. 他声称对那罪行一无所知.  6 (idm 习语) and all `that (jazz, rubbish, etc) (infml 口) and other similar things 诸如此类的: I'm bored by history  dates and battles and all that stuff. 我让历史科给烦透了--那些日期, 战争之类的事. for all => for1. not all that good, well, etc not particularly good, well, etc 不那么美好, 完美等: He doesn't sing all that well. 他唱得并不那么好. not as bad(ly), etc as all `that not to the extent implied 不到那种程度; 不至于: They're not as rich as all that. 他们并非那么富有.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: All and half can be used with countable and uncountable nouns. *all和half与可数名词和不可数名词连用均可. Both is used only with plural countable nouns and refers to two in number. *both只与复数的可数名词连用, 所指数目为二.  1 All three can come before a noun, often with a determiner (eg the, this, my). 这三个词都可用于名词之前, 常与限定词（如 the, this, my）连用. Half must be followed by a determiner *half若用于名词之前, 其後必接一限定词: He's been here all (the) week. 他整个儿星期都在这  . *  Half this money is yours. 这笔钱有一半是你的. *  Both (our) cars are Fords. （我们的）两辆汽车都是福特牌的. *  Both (the/his) parents are teachers. （他的）父母都是教师.  2 All and both can come after a noun or pronoun *all和both均可用于名词或代词之後: The spectators all booed the teams. 全体观众都向两队喝倒彩. *  His parents are both teachers. 他父母都是教师. *  We all/both arrived late. 我们都[俩]来晚了.  3 All, both and half are used with of followed by a noun or a pronoun *all, both和half都可与of连用, 其後接名词或代词: All/Half (of) the milk had been drunk. 所有的[有一半]奶已喝完. *  Both (of) his brothers are lawyers. 他的两个哥哥都是律师. *  All/Both/Half of us wanted to leave early. 我们大家[我们俩/有一半人]都想早些走.

/ɔːl; ɔl/ indef pron  1 the whole number or amount 全部; 全数; 所有; 一切. (a) ~ (of sb/sth) (referring back 用以复指前文): We had several bottles of beer left  all (of them) have disappeared. 我们剩下几瓶啤酒来着--全不见了. * I invited my five sisters but not all (of them) can come. 我邀请了我的五个姐妹, 但（她们）却不能都来. * Some of the food has been eaten, but not all (of it). 有些食物吃了, 倒不是所有的（食物）都吃了. (b) ~ of sb/sth (referring forward 用以预指後文): All of the mourners were dressed in black/They were all dressed in black. 所有哀悼的人都穿着黑衣服[他们全穿着黑衣服]. * All of the toys were broken/They were all broken. 所有玩具都坏了[那些都坏了]. * Take all of the wine/Take it all. 把所有的酒都喝光[把酒都喝光]. * All of this is yours/This is all yours. 所有这些都是你的[这些都是你的].  2 (followed by a relative clause, often without that 後接关系从句, 常不用 that) the only thing; everything 唯一的事或物; 每件事或物; 所有的一切: All I want is peace and quiet. 我所要的只是安宁. * He took all there was/all that I had. 他把所有的都拿去了[我所有的都拿去了].  3 (idm 习语) all in `all when everything is considered 从各方面考虑; 从各方面来说: All in all it had been a great success. 从各方面来说, 那都是极大的成功. all or `nothing (of a course of action) requiring all one's efforts （指行动过程）需竭尽全力: It's all or nothing  if we don't score now we've lost the match. 一定要全力以赴--如果现在得不到分, 我们就输定了. and `all also; included; in addition 也; 包括; 而且: The wind blew everything off the table, tablecloth and all. 风把桌子上的所有东西连桌布都吹掉了. (not) at all in any way; to any extent 根本; 丝毫: I didn't enjoy it at all. 我一点儿都不喜欢. * There was nothing at all to eat. 根本没有东西吃. * Are you at all worried about the forecast? 对这项预报你不担点儿心吗? in all altogether; as a total 一共; 总计: There were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我们一共十二个人吃饭. * That's 5.40 in all. 总共5.40英镑. ,not at `all (used as a polite reply to an expression of thanks 回答对方道谢的客套话). one's `all everything one has; life 自己所有的一切; 生命: They gave their all (ie fought and died) in the war. 他们在战争中牺牲了.

/ɔːl; ɔl/ indef adv  1 completely 全; 完全: She was dressed all in white, ie All the clothes she was wearing were white. 她全身都穿着白的. * She lives all alone/all by herself. 她独自[一个人]生活. * The coffee went all over my trousers. 咖啡全洒在我裤子上了.  2 (infml 口) very 很; 非常: She was all excited. 她非常兴奋. * Now don't get all upset about it. 别为那件事太烦恼了.  3 (used with too and adjs or advs 与too及形容词或副词连用) more than is desirable 过于: The end of the holiday came all too soon. 假期结束得未免太快了.  4 (in sports and games) to each side （在运动与比赛中）各方: The score was four all. 比分是四平.  5 (idm 习语) all a`long (infml 口) all the time; from the beginning 一直; 始终; 从开始起就: I realized I had had it in my pocket all along. 我发觉原来这一直就在我口袋  . all but almost 几乎; 差不多: The party was all but over when we arrived. 我们到达时, 聚会已近尾声. * It was all but impossible to climb back into the boat. 再回到小船上已几乎不可能了. all `in physically tired; exhausted 疲劳的; 筋疲力尽的: At the end of the race he felt all in. 他在赛跑结束时感到筋疲力尽. all of sth (of size, height, distance, etc) probably more than; fully （指体积, 高度, 距离等）可能超过; 足足: It was all of two miles to the beach. 离沙滩足足有两英里. all `one forming a complete unit 成一整体; 合一: We don't have a separate dining-room  the living area is all one. 我们没有单独的饭厅--活动空间都在一处. all over (a) everywhere 到处; 各处: We looked all over for the ring. 我们到处找那支指环. * I'm aching all over after the match. 比赛後我浑身疼痛. (b) what one would expect of the person specified 正像所说的人一样: That sounds like my sister all over. 听起来跟我姐姐一模一样. all `right (also infml 口语亦作 al`right) (a) as desired; satisfactor(il)y 如愿; 满意（的）: Is the coffee all right? 这咖啡行吗? * Are you getting along all right in your new job? 你的新工作还行吗? (b) safe and well 安全而健康: I hope the children are all right. 我希望孩子们平安而健康. (c) only just good enough 尚可: This homework is all right but you could do better. 这份家庭作业还算可以, 其实你可以做得更好. (d) (expressing agreement to do what sb has asked 表示同意做某人所要求的事): `Will you post this for me?' `Yes, all right. ‘你把这个给我寄去可以吗?’‘好吧.’  (e) (expressing absolute certainty 表示绝对肯定): That's the man I saw in the car all right. 那就是我看见的那个在汽车  的人, 错不了. all the better, harder, etc so much better, harder, etc 更好, 更努力等: We'll have to work all the harder with two members of staff away ill. 有两个职员因病缺勤, 我们只好加把劲儿了. ,all `there (infml 口) completely sane; mentally alert 十分清醒的; 机敏的: He behaves very oddly at times  I don't think he's quite all there. 他有时很怪--我觉得他头脑不太正常. be all about sb/sth have sb/sth as its subject matter or main point of interest 把某人[某事物]当作议题或重点: The news is all about the latest summit meeting. 这条消息是关于最近的首脑级会议的. be all for sth/doing sth believe strongly that sth is desirable 坚信某事物是想望的: She's all for more nursery schools being built. 她坚持主张多建托儿所. be all `one to sb (of two or more choices) be a matter of indifference to sb （指有所选择时）对某人来说无所谓: It's all one to me whether we eat now or later. 现在吃或是等一会儿再吃对我来说都一样. be all over ... become known by everyone in (a place) 在（某处）为人人皆知: News of the holiday was all over the school within minutes. 放假的消息几分钟内全校就人人皆知了.  be all `over sb (infml 口) show excessive affection for or enthusiasm about sb when in his company 巴结某人; 讨好某人: You can see he's infatuated by her  he was all over her at the party. 你能看出来他被她迷住了--在聚会上他一直向她献殷勤. be all up (with sb) (infml 口) be the end (for sb) （对某人来说）全完了: It looks as though it's all up with us now, ie we're ruined, have no further chances, etc. 看来我们现在算全完了（我们垮了, 没有希望了等）.= April Fool's Day (April).using all possible strength and resources 全力以赴的: The team is going all out to win the championship. 这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴. * [attrib 作定语] make an all-out attempt to meet a deadline 竭尽全力设法不逾期.1 November万圣节（11月1日）.2 November 万灵节（11月2日）.pref 前缀 (forming compound adjs and advs 用以构成复合形容词及副词)  1 entirely 完全; 全部; 全: an all-electric kitchen * an all-American show.  2 in the highest degree 最高程度; 最; 极: all-important * all-powerful * all-merciful.n the all-clear (usu sing 通常作单数) signal that danger is over 解除警报的信号; 解除危险的信号.adj including everything 包括一切的: an ,all-in `price, ie with no extras 包括一切的价格（无额外费用）. `all-in wrestling type of wrestling in which there are few or no restrictions 自由式摔跤（无甚限制或全无限制的一种摔跤方式）.adj [attrib 作定语] lasting, functioning, etc throughout the night 通宵的: an all-night party, cafe, vigil 通宵的聚会, 咖啡馆, 熬夜.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 not specialized; general 多方面的; 全面的: a good all-`round education 良好的全面发展的教育.  2 (of a person) with a wide range of abilities （指人）全能的; 多面手的: an ,all-round `sportsman 全能运动员. all-rounder n person with a wide range of abilities 全能的人; 多面手.adj [attrib 作定语] including many famous actors 包括很多着名演员的; 明星云集的: an all-star cast 有很多明星的演员阵容.adj [attrib 作定语] of all recorded time 有纪录以来的; 历来的; 空前的: one of the all-time great tennis players 历来最好的网球健将 * an all-time (ie unsurpassed) record 空前的纪录 * Profits are at an all-time low, ie lower than they have ever been. 利润空前地低.adj having many different uses 有多种用途的; 通用的: an ,all-purpose `workroom 通用工作室./ˈælə; `ælə/ n name of God among Muslims and among Arabs of all faiths 安拉, 真主（穆斯林及有各种不同信仰的阿拉伯人所信奉的神）./əˈleɪ; ə`le/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less; relieve 减轻; 缓和: allay trouble, fears, suffering, doubt, suspicion 减轻烦恼, 恐惧, 苦难, 疑惑, 嫌疑./ˌælɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌælə`ˇeʃən/ n  1 act of alleging 陈述; 宣称; 声称; 辩解.  2 statement made without proof （无证据的）陈词: These are serious allegations. 这是很严重的提法./əˈledʒ; ə`lɛdʒ/ v [Tf, Cn.n/a, Cn.t only passive 只用于被动语态] (fml 文) state (sth) as a fact but without proof; give as an argument or excuse （无证据地）陈述, 宣称, 声称（某事）; 辩解: The prisoner alleges that he was at home on the night of the crime. 囚犯辩称案发当晚他在家中. * He alleged illness as the reason for his absence. 他称病缺席. * We were alleged to have brought goods into the country illegally. 我们被指控非法携带货物入境.adj [attrib 作定语] stated without being proved （未经证实而）陈述的: the alleged culprit, ie the person said to be the culprit 被控的疑犯. /ə ˈledʒɪdlɪ; ə`lɛdʒɪdlɪ/ adv: The novel was allegedly written by a computer. 那部小说据称是电脑写的./əˈliːdʒəns; ə`lidʒəns/ n [U] (fml 文) ~ (to sb/sth) support of or loyalty to a government, ruler, cause, etc （对政府, 统治者, 事业等的）拥护, 忠诚: swear (an oath of) allegiance to the Queen 宣誓效忠女王./ˌælɪˈgɒrɪkl; <i>US</i> ˌælɪˈgɔːrəkl; `æləˌˇɔrɪkəl/ adj. adv./ˈælɪgərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈælɪgɔːrɪ; `æləˌˇɔrɪ/ n [U, C] (style of a) story, painting or description in which the characters and events are meant as symbols of purity, truth, patience, etc 寓言（体）, 讽喻（风格）（以人物和事件象徵纯洁, 真理, 耐心等的故事, 绘画或叙述）. /ˌælɪˈgretəʊ; ˌælə`ˇrɛto/ adj, adv (music 音) fairly fast and lively 稍快而活泼（的）.

n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way 小快板的乐曲./əˈleɪgrəʊ; ə`leˇro/ adj, adv (music 音) in quick time; fast and lively 快速（的）; 快速而活泼（的）.

n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way 快板的乐曲./ˌælɪˈluːjə; ˌælə`lujə/ (also hallelujah) n, interj (song or shout expressing) praise to God 哈利路亚（表达赞美上帝的歌或欢呼）./əˈlɜːdʒɪk; ə`lɝdʒɪk/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) having an allergy 有变应性; 过敏性: I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them. 我很喜欢猫, 但可惜我对猫过敏.  2 caused by an allergy 由变态反应引起的; 由过敏引起的: an allergic rash 变应疹.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (joc infml 谑, 口) having a strong dislike of sth （对某事物）有强烈反感: I'm allergic to hard work! 我最讨厌累活儿!/ˈælədʒɪ; `ælɚdʒɪ/ n ~ (to sth) medical condition that produces an unfavourable reaction to certain foods, pollens, insect bites, etc （对某些食物, 花粉, 虫咬等的）变态反应性; 过敏症: have an allergy to certain milk products 对某些奶制品有过敏反应./əˈliːvɪeɪt; ə`livɪˌet/ v [Tn] make (sth) less severe; ease 减轻; 缓和: The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain. 医生给她注射以减轻疼痛. * They alleviated the boredom of waiting by singing songs. 他们以唱歌来减轻等候的厌烦. /əˌliːvɪˈeɪʃn; əˌlivɪ`eʃən/ n [U]./ˈælɪ; `ælɪ/ n  1 (also `alley-way) narrow passage, esp between or behind houses or other buildings, usu for pedestrians only 胡同; 小巷.  2 path bordered by trees or hedges in a garden or park （花园或公园中由树木或树篱间成的）小径. =>Usage at road 用法见road.  3 long narrow area in which games like tenpin bowling and skittles are played （十柱及九柱滚木球戏[保龄球]等的长而窄的）滚道, 球道./əˈlaɪəns; ə`laɪəns/ n  1 [U] action or state of being joined or associated 结合; 结盟: States seek to become stronger through alliance. 各国力求通过结盟而更加强大.  2 [C] union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp between families (by marriage), countries or organizations 联姻; 联盟; 联合: enter into/break off an alliance with a neighbouring state 与邻国结成[解除]联盟.  3 (idm 习语) in alliance (with sb/sth) united; joined together 与...联合; 与...结合: We are working in alliance with our foreign partners. 我们与外国合伙人联合一道工作.=> ally.

/ˈælaɪd, also ˈælaɪd; `ælˌaɪd/ adj ~ (to sth) connected; similar 有关联的; 类似的: a union of `allied trades 一个同业工会 * The increase in violent crimes is al`lied to the rise in unemployment. 暴力罪案的增加与失业的增加有关./ˈælɪgeɪtə(r); `æləˌˇetɚ/ n  1 [C] reptile of the crocodile family found esp in the rivers and lakes of tropical America and China 短吻鳄（鳄科爬行动物, 产于热带的美洲及中国的江河湖泊）.  2 [U] its skin made into leather 短吻鳄皮革: [attrib 作定语] an alligator handbag 鳄鱼皮手提包./əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃn; əˌlɪtə`reʃən/ n [U] occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in succession, as in sing a song of sixpence or as thick as thieves 头韵（连续的词语中出现的开头相同的字母或语音, 如在 sing a song of sixpence 或在 as thick as thieves 中者）. /əˈlɪtrətɪv; <i>US</i> əˈlɪtəreɪtɪv; ə`lɪtəˌretɪv/ adj. adv./ˈæləkeɪt; `æləˌket/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose （为某目的）配给, 分配某事物（给某人[某事物]）: allocate funds for repair work 拨出经费作维修用 * He allocated each of us our tasks/allocated tasks to each of us. 他给我们每个人都分配了工作./ˌæləˈkeɪʃn; ˌælə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] action of allocating 配给; 分配; 拨出.  2 [C] amount (of money, space, etc) allocated （钱, 地方等的）配给量: We've spent our entire allocation for the year. 我们已经把今年拨给我们的全部经费都花光了./əˈlɒt; ə`lɑt/ v (-tt-) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give (time, money, duties, etc) as a share of what is available; apportion sth （按现有份额）分配, 拨给, 摊派（时间, 钱, 任务等）: How much cash has been allotted? 拨给多少现款? * We did the work within the time they'd allotted (to) us. 我们在指定的时间内把工作做完了. * Who will she allot the easy jobs to? 她把轻活儿分给谁呢?n  1 [U] action of allotting 分配; 分派; 摊派; 拨款.  2 [C] amount or portion allotted 份额.  3 [C] (esp Brit) small area of public land rented for growing vegetables or flowers （作种菜或种花之用而出租的）小片公地./əˈlaʊ; ə`laᴜ/ v  1 (a) [Tnt] permit (sb/sth) to do sth 允许, 许可, 准许（某人[某事物]）做某事物: My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. 老板不许我使用电话. * Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟. * (fig 比喻) She allowed her mind to wander. 她任由思绪徘徊. (b) [Tn] let (sth) be done or happen 容许（某事物）发生: Photography is not allowed in this theatre. 本剧院内不准摄影. * We don't allow smoking in our house. 在我们家  不容许吸烟. (c) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (usu negative 通常作否定式) permit (sb/sth) to go in 准予（某人[某物]）进入: Dogs not allowed/No dogs allowed, ie It is not permitted to bring dogs into this park, building, etc. 不准携狗入内.  2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb let sb have sth 让某人得到某事物: This diet allows you one glass of wine a day. 这种规定饮食可让你每天喝一杯酒. * How much holiday are you allowed? 你有多少天假? * I'm not allowed visitors. 不准我有访客. * The garage allowed me 500 on my old car, ie as a discount on the price of a new one. 汽车修理厂给我的旧汽车作价500英镑. * (fig 比喻) He allows his imagination full play, ie does not try to control it. 他任自己的想像力充分发挥（不想控制它）.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) provide sth or set sth aside for a purpose or in estimating sth （为某目的或作估计）留出, 打出某事物: allow four sandwiches each/per head 给每人准备四块三明治 * You must allow three metres for a long-sleeved dress. 做长袖的衣服你得打出三米来. * I should allow an hour to get to London. 到伦敦去我得留出一小时来.  4 (a) [Tn, Tf] (law 律) agree that (sth) is true or correct 同意（某事物）属实或正确: The judge allowed my claim. 法官同意了我的要求. * He allowed that I had the right to appeal. 他同意我有权上诉. (b) [Tf, Tnt] (fml 文) accept (sth); admit 接受（某事物）; 承认: Even if we allow that the poet was mad... 即使我们承认那位诗人是疯子... * Many allow him to be the leading artist in his field. 很多人都认为他在这一艺术领域首屈一指.  5 (phr v) allow for sb/sth include sb/sth in one's calculations 在计算, 估计, 考虑时包括某人[某事物]: It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去, 你要用半小时才能到车站. allow sb in, out, up, etc permit sb to enter, leave, get up, etc 允许某人进入, 离开, 起来等: She won't allow the children in(to the house) until they've wiped their shoes. 孩子们不把鞋擦乾净, 她就不让他们进（屋）. * The patient was allowed up (ie permitted to get out of bed) after 10 days. 病人十天以後才允许起来（准予离床下地）. allow of sth (fml 文) permit sth; leave room for sth 容许某事物; 对某事物留有馀地: The facts allow of only one explanation. 这些事实只能有一种解释.adj that is or can be allowed by law, the rules, etc （法律, 规则等）可容许的; 可承认的: allowable expenses 许可支出./əˈlaʊəns; ə`laᴜəns/ n  1 [C, U] amount of sth, esp money, allowed or given regularly 津贴; 补助: an allowance of 15 per day 每天15英镑的津贴 * be paid a clothing/subsistence/travel allowance, ie money to be spent on clothes, etc 付给治装[生活/旅途]津贴 * I didn't receive any allowance from my father. 我没有收到父亲给的零用钱. * a luggage allowance, ie amount of luggage a passenger can take free, esp on an aeroplane 免费携带行李额（尤指在飞机上）.  2 [C] sum of money deducted; discount 折价; 折扣: get an allowance for your old car, fridge, cooker 获得你的旧汽车, 冰箱, 炉具的折价 * tax allowance, ie money deducted from income before the current rate of tax is imposed 免税额（徵收本年度税款前从总收入中减除的款额）.  3 (idm 习语) make (an) allowance for sth consider sth when making a decision, etc （在做决定等时）考虑到某事物. make allowances for sb regard sb as deserving to be treated differently from others for some reason （因某原因需区别对待而）体谅, 照顾某人: You must make allowances for him because he has been ill. 你应该体谅他, 因为他一直病着./ˈælɔɪ; `ælɔɪ/ n [C, U]  1 metal formed of a mixture of metals or of metal and another substance 合金; 齐: Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金. * [attrib 作定语] alloy steel 合金钢.  2 inferior metal mixed with one of greater value, esp gold or silver （与一种贵金属, 尤指金或银熔合的）贱金属.

/əˈlɔɪ; ə`lɔɪ/ v [Tn]  1 mix (sth) with metal(s) of lower value 将（某贵金属）与贱金属熔合.  2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) weaken or spoil (sth) by sth that reduces value or pleasure （因有减低价值或乐趣的事物而）使（某事物）减弱或受损: happiness that no fear could alloy 不受恐惧影响的幸福./ˈɔːlspaɪs; `ɔlˌspaɪs/ (also pimento) n [U] spice made from the dried berries of the pimento, a West Indian tree 多香果香料（取自西印度多香果树的浆果乾）./əˈluːd; ə`lud/ v [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) mention sb/sth briefly or indirectly 提及, 暗指或暗示某人[某事物]: You alluded to certain developments in your speech  what exactly did you mean? 你在讲话中提到某些发展--确切的意思是什么呢?/əˈlʊə(r); ə`lᴜr/ v [Tn, Tnt] (fml or rhet  文或修辞) tempt or attract (sb) by the expectation of gaining sth （以可获得某事物）诱惑, 引诱或吸引（某人）: Many settlers were allured by promises of easy wealth. 很多安家落户的人都是受了诱惑, 以为转眼就能发财而来的.

n [C, U] attractiveness; charm 诱惑力; 魅力: the false allure of big-city life 大城市生活的虚幻的诱惑力.n [C, U].adj attractive; charming 吸引人的; 迷人的; 诱惑人的: an alluring smile, prospect, promise 迷人的微笑, 前景, 承诺./əˈluːʒn; ə`luʒən/ n ~ (to sb/sth) indirect reference 间接提及; 暗指; 典故: Her poetry is full of obscure literary allusions. 他的诗里用了很多晦涩的文学典故. * He resents any allusion to his baldness. 他讨厌人家影射他秃顶.adj / E5lu:sIv; E`lusIv/ containing allusions 含暗示的; 暗指的; 含典故的: Her allusive style is difficult to follow. 她引经据典的风格晦涩难懂./əˈluːvɪəl; ə`luvɪəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] made of sand, earth, etc left by rivers or floods, esp in a delta 冲积的; 淤积的: alluvial deposits/soil/plains 冲积物[土/平原]./əˈlaɪ; ə`laɪ/ v (pt, pp allied) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/oneself) with/to sb/sth join or become joined with sb/sth by treaty, marriage, etc 与某人[某事物]结盟, 联盟或联姻: Britain has allied itself with other western powers for trade and defence. 英国与其他西方强国结成了贸易及防御联盟.

/ˈælaɪ; `ælˌaɪ/ n  1 [C] person, country, etc joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者; 同盟国.  2 the Allies [pl] those countries which fought with Britain in World War I and II （第一次世界大战中的）协约国; （第二次世界大战中的）同盟国./ˌælmə ˈmɑːtə(r); `ælmə`mɑtɚ/  1 (fml or joc 文或谑) university or school at which one was or is being taught 母校.  2 (US) school song or anthem 校歌./ˈɔːlmənæk; <i>US</i> also ˈæl-;`ɔlməˌnæk, `æl-/ n  1 annual book or calendar of months and days, giving information about the sun, moon, tides, anniversaries, etc 历书, 年历, 天文历（有月份, 日期及有关日, 月, 潮汐, 纪念日等资料）.  2 book published annually giving statistical information on various subjects, eg sport, the theatre, etc 年鉴（逐年出版的载有各项如运动, 戏剧等统计资料的书）./ɔːlˈmaɪtɪ; ɔl`maɪtɪ/ adj  1 having all power; powerful beyond measure 全能的; 有无限权力的: God Almighty/Almighty God 全能的上帝.  2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great 极大的: an almighty crash, nuisance, row 极大的碰撞, 讨厌事, 吵嚷./ˈɑːmənd; `ɑmənd/ n  1 type of tree related to the plum and peach 扁桃树.  2 nut inside the stone-fruit of this tree 扁桃仁; 杏仁: [attrib 作定语] almond essence 扁桃香精. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图.edible paste made from finely ground almonds 杏仁糊.adj having narrow oval eyes 杏眼的（眼睛呈扁椭圆形的）./ˈɑːmənə(r); <i>US</i> ˈælm-; `ælmənɚ/ n  1 (formerly) official who distributed money and gave help to the poor 施赈员（旧时负责发放救济金赈济贫民的官员）.  2 (Brit also medical social worker) social worker attached to a hospital 医院中的社会工作者./ˈɔːlməʊst; `ɔlˌmost/ adv  1 (used before advs, ns, adjs, vs, dets and prons 用于副词, 名词, 形容词, 动词, 限定词及代词之前) nearly; not quite 几乎; 差不多; 不十分: It's a mistake they almost always make. 那是他们几乎总要犯的错误. * It's almost time to go. 差不多是该走的时候了. * Dinner's almost ready. 饭差不多准备好了. * He slipped and almost fell. 他脚下一滑, 险些跌倒. * He's almost six feet tall. 他差不多有六英尺高. * Almost anything will do. 几乎什么都行.  2 (used before no, nobody, none, nothing, never 用于no, nobody, none, nothing, never之前) virtually; practically 实质上; 实际上; 简直: Almost no one (ie Hardly anyone) believed him. 实际上没有一个人相信他. * The speaker said almost nothing (ie scarcely anything) worth listening to. 那个发言人说的话简直没有一句值得听.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Almost, nearly, scarcely and hardly are adverbs and can be used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns. *almost, nearly, scarcely和hardly都是副词, 均可与动词, 副词, 形容词和名词连用.  1 Almost and nearly are usually used in positive sentences *almost和nearly通常用于肯定句: She fell and almost/nearly broke her neck. 她跌倒了, 险些跌断了脖子. *  He nearly/almost always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到.  2 Almost can be used with negative words. *almost可与否定词连用. In these cases it can be replaced with hardly or scarcely  *almost和否定词的组合可与hardly或scarcely互换: He ate almost nothing (= He ate hardly anything). 他几乎什么也没吃. * There's almost no space to sit(= There's hardly any space to sit). 差不多没地方坐了.  3 Hardly is generally preferred to almost + a negative verb  用hardly一般比用almost<SYMFONT2>+ 动词否定式为宜: She sang so quietly that I could hardly hear her (not I almost couldn't hear). 她唱的声音很小, 我几乎听不见（不说 I almost couldn't hear）.  4 In sentences indicating one thing happening immediately after another, hardly and scarcely can be placed at the beginning of the sentence and then subject and verb are inverted 表示一件事紧接另一件事发生的句中, 可将hardly和scarcely置于句首, 然後将主语和动词的位置互换: Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了./ɑːmz; ɑmz/ n [pl] (dated 旧) money, clothes, food, etc given to poor people 救济金; 施舍物: He gave alms to beggars in the street. 他给街上的乞丐一些施舍. * They had to beg alms (of others) in order to feed their children. 他们得（向别人）乞求救济来养活孩子.n (Brit) house, founded by gifts of charity, where poor (usu old) people may live without paying rent 救济院（由慈善机关捐赠所设, 收容贫民, 通常为老人, 免房租）./ˈæləʊ; `ælo/ n  1 [C] type of plant with thick pointed leaves that grows in Southern Africa 芦荟（产于南非的一种植物, 叶厚而尖）.  2 aloes [sing v] (also bitter aloes) juice of the aloe plant used in medicine 芦荟汁（得自芦荟叶汁, 用作药物）./əˈlɒft; <i>US</i> əˈlɔːft; ə`lɔft/ adv  1 up in the air; overhead 在空中; 在头顶上: flags flying aloft 旗子高高飘扬 * The balloons were already aloft. 气球已经升空了.  2 above the deck or in the rigging of a ship 在甲板上空; 在帆索上: He went aloft to check the sails. 他上去检查船帆./əˈləʊn; ə`lon/ adj [pred 作表语], adv  1 (a) without any companions 无伴; 独自; 孤单; 孤独: I don't like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑後独自外出. * She lives all alone in that large house. 她独自一人住在那所大房子  . * (fig 比喻) She stands alone (ie is without equal) among modern sculptors. 她在现代雕塑家中是独一无二的. (b) without the help of other people or things 无他人或事物相助; 单独（的）; 独力（的）: It will be difficult for one person alone. 单独一个人很困难. * She raised her family quite alone. 她独力养家. * I prefer to work on it alone. 我愿意独力做这件事. Cf 参看 lone, lonely 1. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (following a n or pron 用于名词或代词之後) only; exclusively 只有; 仅仅: The shoes alone cost 100. 光是鞋就花了100英镑. * (saying 谚) Time alone will tell. 日久自明. * He will be remembered for that one book alone. 仅仅那一本书就可以使他留名于世了. * You alone can help me. 只有你才能帮助我.  3 (idm 习语) go it a`lone (attempt to) carry out a task or start a difficult project without help from anyone （试图）独力执行一任务或开始一艰难工作; 单干: He decided to go it alone and start his own business. 他决定单干创业. leave/let sb/sth alone not take, touch or interfere with sb/sth; not try to influence or change sb/sth 不带走, 不触摸, 不干涉某人[某事物]; 不想左右或改变某人[某事物]: She's asked to be left alone but the press keep pestering her. 她要求不要打扰她, 但报界总是缠着她不放. * I've told you before  leave my things alone! 我早已告诉过你--不要动我的东西! leave/let well alone => well3. let alone without considering 不必考虑: There isn't enough room for `us, let alone six dogs and a cat. 连我们的地方都不够, 更不必说六条狗和一支猫了. * I haven't decided on the `menu yet, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什么菜呢, 更不必说买好了. not be alone in doing sth be one of several people who think, feel, etc sth 不单一个人这样想, 感觉等某事物: He is not alone in believing (ie Other people agree with him) that it may lead to war. 不单他一个人认为那会引起战争.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Alone and solitary describe a person or thing that is separate from others. *alone和solitary都用以形容一人或一事物与他人或他事物相分离. A person may prefer to be alone/solitary and these words do not suggest unhappiness. 用 alone/solitary , . Alone is not used before a noun *alone不可用于名词之前: I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望着能自己一人在这所房子  . *  Our house stands alone at the end of the lane. 我们的房子座落在这条小巷的尽头, 没有左邻右舍. *  She goes for long solitary walks. 她独自漫步, 走了很长的路. In this sense on my, our, etc own or by myself, ourselves, etc are often used in informal speech instead of alone  在口语中表达这种含义常用 on my, our ...own或by myself, ourselves等, 而不用alone: She's going on holiday on her own this year. 她今年独自一人去度假.  2 Lonely and, in US English, lonesome suggests that someone does not want to be alone and is unhappy *lonely及在美式英语中用的lonesome, 指并非本人愿意如此, 含有不愉快之意: He was very lonely at first when he moved to London. 他当初刚到伦敦时很孤单. *  She led a solitary existence but was seldom lonely. 她独自生活却很少感到孤单.  3 Lonely and solitary can describe out-of-the-way places where people rarely go *lonely和solitary可用以形容很少有人到的偏僻地方: a lonely/solitary cottage on the moors 荒野中孤零零的农舍./əˈlɒŋ; <i>US</i> əˈlɔːŋ; ə`lɔŋ/ prep  1 from one end to or towards the other end of (sth) 沿着; 顺着: walk along the street 沿着街道走 * go along the corridor 顺着走廊走.  2 close to or parallel with the length of (sth) 与（某事物）的长边接近或平行: Flowers grow along the side of the wall. 花贴着墙生长. * You can picnic along the river bank. 你们可以靠河沿野餐.

adv part  1 onward; forward 向前; 往前: The policeman told the crowds to move along. 警察叫人群向前走动. * Come along or we'll be late. 快点儿吧, 要不然就迟到了.  2 in one's or sb's company: 随同; 陪同 (infml 口) Come to the party and bring some friends along. 请来参加聚会并带些朋友来. * He took his dog along (with him) to work. 他带着狗（与他）一起上班. * I'll be along (ie I will come and join you) in a few minutes. 我马上就来.  3 (idm 习语) along with sth in addition to sth 除某事物以外: Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. 除酒之外, 烟草在多数国家都要徵税./əˈlɒŋsaɪd; <i>US</i> əlɔːŋˈsaɪd; ə`lɔŋ`saɪd/ adv close to the side of a ship, pier, etc 靠着（轮船, 码头等的）边: a boat moored alongside 靠着码头停泊的船.  prep beside (sth) 在...旁边: The car drew up alongside the kerb. 小汽车在路边停下来./əˈluːf; ə`luf/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sb/sth) 1 cool and remote in character; unconcerned 冷淡; 疏远; 淡漠: I find her very aloof and unfriendly. 我觉得她非常冷淡, 不好相处. * Throughout the conversation he remained silent and aloof. 在谈话过程中他始终一言不发, 无动于衷.  2 (idm 习语) keep/hold/stand aloof from sb/sth take no part in sth; show no friendship towards sb 不参与某事物; 对某人无友好表示: He stood aloof from the crowd. 他远离人群. n [U]./əˈlaʊd; ə`laᴜd/ adv  1 in a voice loud enough to be heard, not silently or in a whisper 出声地（用足以使人听得到的声音, 既非默不作声地亦非悄悄声地）: He read his sister's letter aloud. 他喃喃地读他妹妹的信.  2 loudly, so as to be heard at a distance 大声地, 高声地（使得在远处也听得见）: She called aloud for help. 她高声呼救.  3 (idm 习语) think aloud => think1./lp; ælp/ n  1 (a) [C] high mountain, esp in Switzerland and neighbouring countries （尤指瑞士及其邻国间的）高山, 高峰. (b) the Alps [pl] group of these mountains, mostly in Switzerland, France and Italy 阿尔卑斯山脉（大部分在瑞士, 法国及意大利境内）.  3 [C] pasture-land on mountains in Switzerland （瑞士境内的）山区牧场./ælˈpkə; æl`pækə/ n (a) [C] type of S American llama with long wool （南美一种体毛长的）羊驼. (b) [U] (cloth made from) its wool 羊驼毛织物: [attrib 作定语] an alpaca coat 羊驼呢外衣./ˈælpənstɒk; `ælpənˌstɑk/ n long stick with an iron tip, used in climbing mountains （带铁头的长的）登山杖./ˈælfə; `ælfə/ n  1 the first letter in the Greek alphabet (A, <SYMFONT1>) 希腊语字母表的第一个字母（A, <SYMFONT1>）.  2 (idm 习语) ,Alpha and `Omega the beginning and the end 始终; 首尾.any of the positively charged particles emitted in radioactivity or other nuclear reactions <SYMFONT1>  粒子.emission of alpha rays <SYMFONT1> 辐射.stream of alpha particles <SYMFONT1> 射线./ˈælfəbet; `ælfəˌbɛt/ n set of letters or symbols in a fixed order, used when writing a language 字母表: There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. 英语字母表中有26个字母./ˌælfəˈbetɪkl; ˌælfə`bɛtɪkl/ adj in the order of the alphabet 按字母表顺序的: Put these words in alphabetical order. 把这些字按字母表顺序排列起来. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: books arranged alphabetically by author 按作者姓名的字母顺序排列的书./ˈælpaɪn; `ælpaɪn/ adj of or found in high mountains, esp the Alps 高山的, 高山上的（尤指阿尔卑斯山）: alpine flowers 高山上的花.

n plant that grows best in mountain regions 高山植物./ɔːlˈredɪ; ɔl`rɛdɪ/ adv  1 (used esp with perfect tenses of a v 尤与动词完成时态连用) before now or before a stated or suggested time in the past 已经, 早已（在此之前或在所指的过去某时间之前）: I've already seen that film, so I'd rather see another one. 我已经看过那部电影了, 所以还是看部别的吧. * The teacher was already in the room when I arrived. 我到的时候, 老师已经在屋  了. * She had already left when I phoned. 我打电话时, 她早已走了.  2 (used in negative sentences or questions, to show surprise 用于否定句或疑问句, 表示惊奇) as soon or as early as this 已经（如此之快或如此之早）: Have your children started school already? 你的孩子们已经上学了? * Is it 10 o'clock already? 已经10点钟了吗? * You're not leaving us already, are you?你已经决定要离开我们了, 是吧?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Yet and already are both used when talking about the possible completion of an action by or before a particular time. They are mostly used with the perfect tenses (in US usage also with the simple past). *yet和already均用以表示到某时或某时前可能完成的动作. 两者多与完成时态连用（在美式英语中还与简单过去时态连用）. Yet is only used in negative statements and in questions *yet只用于否定的陈述句及疑问句: `It's time to go. ' `I'm not ready yet.' ‘该走了.’‘我还没准备好呢.’ *  Are you out of bed yet? 你已经起床了吗? Already emphasizes the completion of an action. It is usually used in positive statements*already强调动作的完成, 常与肯定的陈述句连用: By midday they had already travelled 200 miles. 到中午为止, 他们已经走了200英里了. Already can be used in questions to express surprise *already可用于疑问句, 表示惊奇: Have you finished lunch already? It's only 12 o'clock! 你已经吃过午饭了吗? 现在才12点钟啊!/ɔːlˈraɪt; ɔl`raɪt/ adv (non-standard or infml 不规范或口) = all right (all3)./ælˈseɪʃn; æl`seʃən/ n (US German shepherd) type of large smooth-haired dog like a wolf, often trained to help the police 德国种狼狗（体大, 毛光滑, 常训练作警犬）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii./ˈɔːlsəʊ; `ɔlso/ adv (not used with negative vs 不与否定式动词连用) in addition; besides; too 而且; 还; 也: She speaks French and German and also a little Russian. 她会说法语, 德语, 还会说一点儿俄语. * He is young and good-looking, and also very rich. 他又年轻又漂亮, 而且还很富有. * I teach five days a week and I also teach evening classes. 我每星期教五天, 而且还教晚上的课. * She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏, 而且还会作曲.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Also, too and as well indicate that the word or part of the sentence that they are specially linked to has been added to something previously mentioned. *also, too, as well均指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致. They differ in degree of formality and position in the sentence. 这三个词语的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同. Also is more formal and usually comes before the main verb (but after `be' if this is the main verb) *also含较庄重色彩, 通常用于主要动词之前（但若主要动词是be, 则置于其後）: I've met Jane and I've also met her mother. 我已见到简, 我也见到了她的母亲. *  He speaks French and he also writes it. 他会说法语也会写法文. *  She was rich. She was also selfish. 她很富. 她也很自私. Too and as well are less formal and usually come at the end of the clause *too和as well较为通俗, 通常用于从句的句尾: I've read the book and I've seen the film as well/too. 我看过这本书, 也看过这部电影. In negative sentences, not...either is used to indicate addition 在否定句中, 用 not...either表示这种增加的成分: They haven't phoned and they haven't written either. 他们没来过电话, 而且也没来过信.n  1 (in racing) horse or dog not among the first three to finish （赛马或赛狗中不在前三名以内的）落选的马或狗.  2 (fig 比喻) person who fails to gain success or distinction 没有成功或无成就的人: I'm afraid John is one of life's also-rans. 很遗憾, 约翰是人间的庸才./ˈɔːltə(r); `ɔltɚ/ n  1 (in Christian churches) table on which bread and wine are consecrated in the Communion service （基督教教堂内的）圣餐桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 table or raised flat-topped platform on which offerings are made to a god （供奉神时用以放置供品的）供桌, 祭坛.  3 (idm 习语) lead sb to the altar =>lead3.n painting or sculpture placed behind an altar 祭坛後面的绘画或雕刻./ˈɔːltə(r); `ɔltɚ/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc （使某事物[某人]）改变; 更改, 变更, 修改, 改（性质, 位置, 大小, 形状等）: I didn't recognize him because he had altered so much. 我没认出他来, 因为他变了许多. * She had to alter her clothes after losing weight. 她瘦了以後, 衣服也得修改了. * The plane altered course. 飞机更改了航线. * That alters things, ie makes the situation different. 那就使情况发生变化. =>Usage at change1 用法见change1.  2 [Tn] (euph 婉 esp US) remove the testicles or ovaries of (an animal) 阉割; 给（雄性动物）去势; 给（雌性动物）割去卵巢./ˌæltər ˈegəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈiːgəʊ; `æltɚ`iˇo/ (pl alter egos) (Latin 拉) intimate friend; person very like oneself 知己; 至友; 挚友; 至交; 极像自己的人: He's my alter ego, we go everywhere together. 他是我的知己--彼此形影不离.

/ˌæltər ˈegəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈiːgəʊ; `æltɚ`iˇo/ (pl alter egos) (Latin 拉) intimate friend; person very like oneself 知己; 至友; 挚友; 至交; 极像自己的人: He's my alter ego  we go everywhere together. 他是我的知己--彼此形影不离./ˈɔːltərəbl; `ɔltɚəbl/ adj that can be altered 可改变的; 可修改的./ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃn; ˌɔltə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] changing; making a change 改变; 更改; 变更; 修改: How much alteration will be necessary? 需要改多少?  2 [C] act or result of changing 改变; 更改; 变更; 修改: We are making a few alterations to the house. 我们对房子进行了一些改建./ˌɔːltəˈkeɪʃn; ˌɔltɚ`keʃən/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) quarrelling or arguing noisily 口角; 争论; 争辩; 争吵. =>Usage at argument 用法见argument./ɔːlˈtɜːnət; <i>US</i> ˈɔːltərnət; `ɔltɚnət/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of two things) happening or following one after the other （指两种事物）交替的, 轮流的: a pattern of alternate circles and squares 圆形与方形相间的图案 * alternate triumph and despair 交替而来的得意与失意.  2 every second 间隔的; 每隔一个的: on alternate days, eg on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, etc 每隔一日（如星期一, 三, 五等）.  3 (of leaves growing on both sides of a stem) not opposite each other 互生的（指叶在梗两边非对生的）. 

/ˈɔːltəneɪt; `ɔltɚˌnet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/~ A with B cause (things or people) to occur or appear one after the other; arrange by turns 使（事物或人）交替发生或出现; 轮流安排: Most farmers alternate their crops. 多数农民实行轮作. * He alternated kindness with cruelty, ie was kind, then cruel, then kind again, etc. 他恩威并行（时而和蔼可亲, 时而凶狠残暴）. * She alternated boys and girls round the table. 她让男女相间围成一桌.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth; ~ between A and B occur in turn; consist of two different things in turn 轮流; 交替: Rainy days alternated with dry ones. 雨天与晴天交替更迭. * The weather alternated between rain and sunshine. 时而下雨, 时而放晴. * Their work alternates between London and New York, ie is first in London, then in New York, then back in London, etc. 他们的工作轮流在伦敦和纽约两地进行.(mathematics 数) angles like those in the Z shape formed when one line intersects two others 错角（一直线截另外两直线所成的如Z字形中的角）.adv.(abbr 缩写 AC) electric current that reverses its direction at regular intervals 交 流电; 交变电流. Cf 参看 direct current (direct1)./ˌɔːltəˈneɪʃn; `ɔltɚ`neʃən/ n [U, C]./ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv; ɔl`tɝnətɪv/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 available in place of sth else; other 可用以代替其它事物的; 另一可选用的; 其他的: find alternative means of transport 另找一个运输方法 * Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议? * The alternative book to study for the examination is `War and Peace'. 可供应考选读的另一本书是《战争与和平》.  2 (idm 习语) the al,ternative so`ciety people who prefer not to live according to the conventional standards of social behaviour 另择群体（不循传统的社会行为准则而生活的人们）.

n  1 choice of two or more possibilities 可能性中的选择: You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择. * Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路.  2 one of two or more possibilities 可能性之一: One of the alternatives open to you is to resign. 你辞职也是个办法.adv as an alternative 作为一种选择: We could take the train or alternatively go by car. 我们可以坐火车去, 也可以坐汽车去./ˈɔːltəneɪtə(r); `ɔltɚˌnetɚ/ n dynamo that produces an alternating current 交流发电机.NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Although and (even) though can be used at the beginning of a sentence or a clause with a verb. *although和(even) though均可用于句首或从句之首, 与动词连用. Though is less formal *though较为通俗: Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量, 但还是输了. *  We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best. 我们输了, 然而我们已尽了最大的力量.  2 However can be used to give a similar meaning, but must begin a new sentence *however也可用以表达相同的意思, 但必须用于另起一句的句首: We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的力量. 但我们还是输了.  3 Though and however can come at the end of a sentence *though和however可用于句尾: We all tried our best. We lost the game, though/however. 我们都已尽了最大的力量. 不过我们还是输了.  4 (Al)though (or more formal albeit) can come before an adjective, adverb or adverbial phrase *(al)though（更文雅的词是albeit）可用于形容词, 副词或副词词组之前: Her appointment was a significant, (al)though/albeit temporary success. 她受聘虽说是临时性的, 但却是一大成功. *  He performed the task well, (al)though/albeit slowly. 他把任务完成得很好, 只是有些慢./ɔːlˈðəʊ; ɔl`ðo/ conj  1 in spite of the fact that; even if 虽然; 尽管; 即使: Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩儿而已, 却赢得了头奖.  2 and yet; nevertheless; but 然而; 可是: He said they were married, although I'm sure they aren't. 他说他们已经结婚了, 可是我肯定他们没结婚./ˈæltɪmiːtə(r); <i>US</i> ˌælˈtɪmətər; æl`tɪmətɚ/ n instrument used esp in aircraft for showing the height above sea-level （尤指用于飞行器的）高度表; 测高计./ˈæltɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `æltəˌtud/ n  1 height above sea-level 海拔; 高度: What is the altitude of this village? 这个村子海拔多少? * We are flying at an altitude of 20000 feet. 我们的飞行高度是20000英尺. * [attrib 作定语] altitude sickness 高原病.  2 (often pl 常作复数) place or area high above sea-level 海拔甚高的地方: It is difficult to breathe at these altitudes. 在这些高的地方很难呼吸.  3 (astronomy 天) distance of a star or planet above the horizon, measured as an angle 地平纬度./ˈæltəʊ; `ælto/ n (pl ~s) (music 音)  1 (singer with a) voice of the highest adult male pitch 男声最高音（歌手）.  2 = contralto.  3 part written for the alto voice 中音部.  4 musical instrument with the second highest pitch in its group 中音乐器: an alto-saxophone 中音萨克斯管./ˌɔːltəˈgeðə(r); ˌɔltə`ˇɛðɚ/ adv  1 entirely, completely 完全地; 全部地: I don't altogether agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的意见. * I am not altogether happy about the decision. 我对这一决定不十分满意.  2 including everything 总共; 一共: You owe me 68.03 altogether. 你一共欠我68.03英镑.  3 considering everything; on the whole 总起来说; 总而言之: The weather was bad and the food dreadful. Altogether the holiday was very disappointing. 天气又坏, 吃的又糟. 总而言之, 这次假日很扫兴.

n (idm 习语) in the alto`gether (infml 口) without clothes on; naked 一丝不挂; 裸体./ˈæltruːɪzəm; `æltrᴜˌɪzəm/ n [U] principle of considering the welfare and happiness of others before one's own; unselfishness 利他主义; 无私. Cf 参看 egoism 2.

n./ˈæltruːɪst; `æltrᴜɪst/ n unselfish person 利他主义者; 无私的人./ˌæltruːˈɪstɪk; ˌæltrᴜ`ɪstɪk/ adj. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈæləm; `æləm/ n [U] white mineral salt used in medicine and in dyeing 明矾, 白矾（用于医药及染色）./ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm; ˌæljə`mɪnɪəm/ (US aluminum / E5lu:mInEm; E`lumInEm/) n [U] chemical element, a light silvery metal, not tarnished by air, used either pure or as an alloy for making cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, etc 铝: [attrib 作定语] aluminium foil, eg for wrapping food 铝箔（如用以包食物的）. =>App 10 见附录10./əˈlʌmnə; ə`lʌmnə/ n (pl -nae / -ni:; -ni/) (US) female former student of a school, college or university 女校友; 女毕业生./əˈlʌmnəs; ə`lʌmnəs/ n (pl -ni / -naI; -naI/) (US) male former student of a school, college or university 男校友; 男毕业生./ælˈvɪələ(r), ˌælvɪˈəʊlə(r); æl`viəlɚ/ adj, n (phonetics 语音) (of a) consonant made with the tongue touching the bony ridge behind the upper front teeth, eg / t/ or / d/ 齿龈音（的）（用舌抵住上齿後面的隆骨而发出的辅音, 如/ t/或/ d/. =>illus at throat 见throat之插图./ˈɔːlweɪz; `ɔlwez/ adv  1 at all times; without exception 永远地; 无例外地; 总是; 一直: I always think of her in that dress. 我总是想着她穿着那件连衣裙的样子. * He nearly always wears a bow tie. 他差不多总是系着蝴蝶领结. * She has always loved gardening. 她一直喜爱园艺.  2 repeatedly; regularly 重复地; 有规律地; 一贯地: The postman always calls at 7.30. 邮递员一贯7时30分来. * We're nearly always at church on Sundays. 我们星期日几乎都在教堂做礼拜.  3 (usu with the continuous tenses 常与进行时态连用) again and again; persistently 一次又一次地; 持续地; 老是: He was always asking for money. 他老是要钱. * Why are you always biting your nails? 你为什么老是咬指甲?  4 (with can/ could与can/could连用) if everything else fails; whatever the circumstances may be 实在不行的话; 无论如何: You could always use a dictionary. 你无论如何还可以使用词典嘛. * They can always go to a bank if they need more money. 他们如果需要更多的钱, 反正还可以到银行去取.  5 (idm 习语) always supposing (that)... if a specified condition is fulfilled 如果某条件得到满足: I'm going to university, always supposing I pass my exams. 我若考试及格就要上大学了. as `always in a way that is expected because it usu happens like that 料想与平时一样地: As always he was late and had to run to catch the bus. 他像平时一样又晚了, 得跑着去赶公共汽车了./ˌeɪ ˈem; `e `ɛm/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (radio 无) amplitude modulation 振幅调制; 调幅. Cf 参看 FM 2.  2 (US) Master of Arts 文学硕士. Cf 参看 MA.=> be.

(US AM) / 9eI 5em; `e `Zm/ abbr 缩写 = before noon (Latin ante meridiem) 午前, 上午（源自拉丁文ante meridiem）: at 10 am, ie in the morning 上午10时. Cf 参看 pm./əˈmælgəm; ə`mælˇəm/ n  1 [U] alloy of mercury with another metal 汞合金; 汞齐: The dentist used amalgam to fill my teeth. 牙医用汞合金给我补牙.  2 [C] mixture or blend 混合物: a subtle amalgam of spices 适中的混合香料./əˈmælgəmeɪt; ə`mælˇəˌmet/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people or things to) combine or unite （使人或事物）合并, 联合, 结合: Our local brewery has amalgamated with another firm. 我们本地的酿酒厂与另一个公司合并了. * The boys' and girls' schools have (been) amalgamated to form a new comprehensive. 男校和女校联合而组成了一所新的综合中学./əˌmælgəˈmeɪʃn; əˌmælˇə`meʃən/ n (a) [U] mixing or uniting 混合; 合并; 联合; 结合: Amalgamation was the only alternative to going bankrupt. 联合起来是避免破产的唯一途径. (b) [C] instance of this 混合; 合并; 联合; 结合: We've seen two amalgamations in one week. 我们在一个星期内已经见到两件合并的事了./əˌmænjʊˈensɪs; əˌmænjᴜ`ɛnsɪs/ n (pl -ses / -si:z; -siz/) (dated or fml 旧或文) person who writes from dictation or copies what sb else has written 听写员; 誊写员./əˈmæs; ə`mæs/ v [Tn] gather together or collect (sth), esp in large quantities （尤指大量地）积累, 积聚, 收集（某事物）: amass a fortune 积累财富 * They amassed enough evidence to convict him on six charges. 他们搜集了足够的证据, 宣判他有六条罪状./ˈæmətə(r); `æməˌtɚ/ n  1 person who practises a sport or artistic skill without receiving money for it 业馀爱好者（不为金钱而从事体育或艺术活动的人）: The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加, 而且业馀运动员也可以参加. * Although he's only an amateur he's a first-class player. 虽然他只是个业馀爱好者, 但却是一流的高手. * [attrib 作定语] an amateur photographer, golfer, boxer, etc 业馀摄影, 高尔夫球, 拳击等爱好者 * amateur dramatics, wrestling, etc 业馀演剧, 摔跤等. Cf 参看 professional n.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who is unskilled or inexperienced in an activity 技术不熟练的人; 无经验的人: I shouldn't employ them  they're just a bunch of amateurs. 我不应该雇用他们--简直是一群外行./ˈæmətərɪʃ; `æməˌtərɪʃ/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) inexpert; unskilled 外行的; 不熟练的. /ˈæmətərɪʃlɪ; `æməˌtərɪʃlɪ/ adv./ˈæmətərɪzəm; `æməˌtərɪzm/ n [U]./ˈæmətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `æməˌtɔrɪ/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) relating to or inspired by sexual love 性爱的; 爱情的; 色情的: amatory literature, adventures 艳情文学, 艳遇./əˈmeɪz; ə`mez/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] fill (sb) with great surprise or wonder 使（某人）惊异或惊奇: He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇. * We were amazed at/by the change in his appearance. 他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶. * She was amazed/It amazed her that he was still alive. 他居然还活着使她感到惊异. n [U]: He looked at me in amazement. 他惊愕地看着我. * I heard with amazement that.... 我听到...大为吃惊. amazing adj (usu approv 通常作褒义): an amazing speed, player, feat 令人惊异的速度, 表演者, 事迹 * I find it amazing that you can't swim. 你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊. adv: She's amazingly clever. 她出奇地聪明./ˈæməzən; <i>US</i> -zɒn; `æməˌzɑn/ n  1 tall strong athletic woman 魁梧健壮的女人.  2 Amazon (in Greek mythology) member of a race of female warriors （希腊神话中的）亚马孙族女战士. /ˌməˈzəʊnɪən; ˌmə`zonɪən/ adj./æmˈbsədə(r); æm`bæsədɚ/ n  1 diplomat sent from one country to another either as a permanent representative or on a special mission 大使; 使节: the British Ambassador to Greece 英国驻希腊大使. Cf 参看 consul 1, High Commissioner (high1).  2 authorized representative or messenger 经授权的代表或使者.n (pl -dors-at-large) (esp US) ambassador to more than one country, often on a specific mission 无任所大使; 巡回大使./æmˌbsəˈdɔːrɪəl; æmˌbæsə`dɔrɪəl/ adj./æmˈbsədrɪs; æm`bæsədrɪs/ n  1 female ambassador 女大使.  2 ambassador's wife 大使夫人./ˈæmbə(r); `æmbɚ/ n  1 [U] (a) hard clear yellowish-brown gum used for making ornaments or jewellery 琥珀: [attrib 作定语] an amber necklace 琥珀项链. (b) its colour 琥珀色（黄褐色）.  2 [C] yellow traffic-light seen between red and green 黄色交通信号灯（显示于红色与绿色交通信号灯之间）./ˈæmbəgriːs; <i>US</i> -grɪs; `æmbɚˌˇrɪs/ n [U] wax-like substance present in the intestines of sperm-whales and found floating in tropical seas, used as a fixative in perfumes 龙涎香（抹香鲸肠道内的蜡状物质, 见于热带海洋中漂浮, 可用作香精的定香剂）.comb form 构词成分 referring to both of two 两者: ambidextrous * ambivalent./ˌæmbɪˈdekstrəs; ˌæmbə`dɛkstrəs/ adj able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well 左右手都很灵巧的./ˈæmbɪəns; `æmbɪəns/ n environment; atmosphere of a place 环境; 气氛: We've tried to create the ambience of a French bistro. 我们想尽量创造出法国小餐馆的气氛./ˈæmbɪənt; `æmbɪənt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of air, etc) on all sides; surrounding （指空气等）环绕四周的, 周围的./ˌæmbɪˈgjuːətɪ; ˌæmbɪ`ˇjuətɪ/ n (a) [U] presence of more than one meaning 不止一种意思; 歧义: Much British humour depends on ambiguity. 英国幽默有很多是靠一语双关而得. (b) [C] instance of this 模棱两可的意思: She was quick to notice the ambiguities in the article. 她很快就察觉出了文中的那些模棱两可的意思./æmˈbɪgjʊəs; æm`bɪˇjᴜəs/ adj  1 having more than one possible meaning 有不止一种意思的; 有歧义的: `Look at those pretty little girls' dresses' is ambiguous, because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are `pretty'. ‘看看那些漂亮的小女孩儿的连衣裙’这句话有歧义, 因为不清楚是‘小女孩儿’还是‘连衣裙’是‘漂亮的’.  2 uncertain in meaning or intention 意向不明的; 暧昧的: an ambiguous smile, glance, gesture, etc 用意含糊的微笑, 一瞥, 手势等. adv. n [U]./ˈæmbɪt; `æmbɪt/ n [sing] bounds, scope or extent (of power, authority, etc) （权势等的）范围, 界限, 限度./æmˈbɪʃn; æm`bɪʃən/ n ~ (to be/do sth)  1 (a) [U, C] strong desire to achieve sth 雄心; 野心; 志气; 抱负; 志向: filled with ambition to become famous, rich, powerful, etc 立志要成名, 发财, 有权势等. (b) [C] particular desire of this kind 雄心; 野心; 志气; 抱负; 志向: have great ambitions 有远大的志向.  2 [C] object of this desire 目标; 夙愿: achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambitions 达到目标[实现抱负/得偿夙愿]./æmˈbɪʃəs; æm`bɪʃəs/ adj  1 ~ (to be/do sth); ~ (for sth) full of ambition, esp for success or money （尤指为获得成功或金钱）有雄心的, 野心勃勃的: an ambitious young manager 有雄心壮志的年轻的经理 * ambitious to succeed in life 立志要有所成就 * ambitious for one's children 望子成龙.  2 showing or requiring ambition 显示或需要有雄心的或野心的: ambitious plans to complete the project ahead of schedule 要提前完成这一项目的宏伟计划. adv.n [U]. /æmˈbɪvələnt; æm`bɪvələnt/ adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 对某物, 某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的: an ambivalent attitude towards one's best friend's wife 对至友的妻子有矛盾的心态. adv./ˈæmbl; `æmbl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]  1 (of a person) ride or walk at a slow, leisurely pace （指人）乘骑缓行或漫步, 徐行: He came ambling down the road. 他沿路溜溜达达地来了. * We ambled along for miles. 我们缓缓而行达数英里.  2 (of a horse) move slowly, lifting the two feet on one side together （指马）溜花蹄（同侧两蹄同时离地行走）.

n [sing] slow, leisurely pace 缓步; 徐步; 漫步: walk at an amble 徐步而行./æmˈbrəʊzɪə; <i>US</i> -əʊʒə; æm`broʒə/ n [U]  1 (in Greek mythology) food of the gods （希腊神话中）神仙的食物. Cf 参看 nectar 2.  2 thing that tastes or smells delicious 好吃或好闻的东西./ˈæmbjʊləns; `æmbjələns/ n vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people to hospital, etc 救护车./ˈæmbʊʃ; `æmbᴜʃ/ n  1 [U] (of troops, police, etc) waiting in a hidden position to make a surprise attack （指部队, 警察等）在隐蔽位置等待突然袭击; 埋伏: lie/wait in ambush 打埋伏.  2 [C] (a) surprise attack from a hidden position 从隐蔽位置突然袭击; 伏击: They laid an ambush for the enemy patrol. 他们埋伏起来准备伏击巡逻的敌人. (b) people making such an attack 埋伏着的人; 伏兵. (c) place from which it is made 设伏地点; 伏击处.

v [Tn] make a surprise attack on (sb) from a hidden position 从隐蔽位置突然袭击（某人）; 伏击: ambush an enemy patrol 伏击巡逻的敌人.(US) = amoeba./əˈmiːlɪəreɪt; ə`milɪəˌret/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become better （使某事物）变得更好, 改善, 改良: ameliorate conditions, circumstances, living standards, etc 改进情况, 改善环境, 提高生活水平. /əˌmiːlɪəˈreɪʃn; əˌmilɪə`reʃən/ n [U]./ɑːˈmen, eɪˈmen; `ɑ`mɛn, `e`mɛn/ interj, n (used esp at the end of a prayer or hymn 尤用于祈祷或圣歌结束时) so be it; may it be so 阿门; 但愿如此; 诚心所愿: The choir sang the amens beautifully. 唱诗班唱的阿门非常优美. * Amen to that, ie I certainly agree with that. 我当然同意./əˈmiːnəbl; ə`minəbl/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) (of people) willing to be influenced or controlled (by sth) （指人）（对某事物）顺从的, 服贴的: amenable to kindness, advice, reason 对好话, 劝告, 道理顺从的 * I find him amenable to argument. 我觉得他是个讲理的人.  2 ~ to sth (a) (of people) subject to the authority of sth （指人）（对某事物的权威）服从的: amenable to the law 守法. (b) (of cases, situations, etc) that can be tested by sth （指事情, 情况等）经得起某事物检验的: This case is not amenable to the normal rules. 这件事经不起常规的检验./əˈmend; ə`mɛnd/ v  1 [Tn] correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly 改正; 略改进; 稍改动: amend a document, proposal, law 修改文件, 建议, 法律.  2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become better; improve （使某事物）变得更好; 改善; 改进: You must amend your behaviour. 你的行为得改一改.n  1 [C] ~ (to sth) minor alteration or addition to a document, etc 对文件等所作的次要的修改或增添: Parliament debated several amendments to the bill. 议会对议案的数份修正案进行了辩论.  2 [U] amending 修改; 改动: passed without amendment 未经改动而获通过./əˈmendz; ə`mɛndz/ n [pl] (idm 习语) make amends (to sb) (for sth) compensate sb (for an insult or injury given in the past) （对所施加的侮辱或损害）赔偿某人: How can I ever make amends for ruining their party? 我把他们的聚会弄糟了, 这个罪可怎么赔得起呀?/əˈmiːnətɪ, also əˈmenətɪ; ə`mɛnətɪ/ n  1 [C often pl 常作复数] feature or facility of a place that makes life there easy or pleasant 生活福利设施; 文娱康乐场所; 方便设施: People who retire to the country often miss the amenities of a town, eg libraries, cinemas, etc. 退居到乡村的人们时常怀念城市舒适的生活（如图书馆, 电影院等）. * A sauna in the hotel would be a useful amenity. 旅馆中的芬兰蒸汽浴室倒是个有益的好设施.  2 [U] (fml 文) pleasantness 愉快; 适意: He immediately noticed the amenity of his new surroundings. 他立刻觉察到了新环境的宜人之处./əˈmerɪkən; ə`mɛrɪkən/ adj of N or S America, esp the USA 北美洲或南美洲的; （尤指）美国的.

n  1 native of America 美洲人.  2 citizen of the USA 美国公民; 美国人.  3 (also American English) the English language as spoken in the USA 美式英语.American game of football like Rugby, played by two teams of 11 players who advance by running with and passing an oval-shaped ball 美式橄榄球; 美式足球. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图.(one) of the original inhabitants of America 美洲印第安人.(US) system of hotel charges including room, meals and service 美式旅馆收费制（旅馆膳宿及服务费合并计算制）.=> Americanizen word or phrase used in American English but not in standard English in Britain 美式词语（用于美式英语中而不用于英式规范英语中的词语）.v [Tn] make (sb/sth) American in character 使（某人[某事物]）美国化. /ˌæməˈrɪndɪən; ˌæmə`rɪndɪən/ n = American Indian (American)./ˈæmɪθɪst; `æməθɪst/ n [C, U] purple or violet precious stone 紫晶; 紫水晶: [attrib 作定语] an amethyst bracelet 紫晶手镯./ˌeɪmɪəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌemɪə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈeɪmɪəbl; `emɪəbl/ adj showing and inspiring friendliness; pleasant and good-tempered 友好的; 和蔼可亲的; 好脾气的: an amiable character, mood, conversation 温柔的性格, 欢快的心情, 亲切的交谈. adv./ˌmɪkəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌæmɪkə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. amicably adv: They lived together amicably for several years. 他们在一起和睦地生活了好几年./ˈæmɪkəbl; `æmɪkəbl/ adj showing friendliness; without hostility 友好的; 无敌意的: An amicable settlement was reached. 已达成和解. /əˈmɪd; ə`mɪd/ (also amidst / E5mIdst; E`mIdst/) prep (dated or fml 旧或文) in the middle of (sth); among 在...当中; 在...中: Amid all the rush and confusion she forgot to say goodbye. 她在忙乱中忘记了告辞./əˈmɪdʃɪps; ə`mɪdʃɪps/ (also midships) adv half-way between the bows and stern of a ship 在船中部: go/stand amidships 走向[站在]船中部 * You'll find your cabin amidships. 你的舱位在船中部./əˌmiːnəʊ ˈæsɪd; əˌmino `æsɪd/ (chemistry 化) any of several organic compounds found in protein 氨基酸.= emir./əˈmɪs; ə`mɪs/ adj [pred 作表语], adv (dated 旧)  1 wrong(ly); inappropriate(ly) 错误; 不恰当: Something seems to be amiss  can I help? 好像有点儿不对头--要我帮忙吗?  2 (idm 习语) (not) come/go a`miss (not) be unwelcome or unsuitable （并非）不称心或不顺当: A new pair of shoes wouldn't come amiss. 新鞋不会不称心的. take sth a`miss be offended by sth 被某事物冒犯: Would she take it amiss if I offered to help? 如果我冒昧相助, 她会见怪吗?/ˈæmətɪ; `æmətɪ/ n [U] friendly relationship between people or countries （人与人或国与国之间的）友好关系: live in amity with one's neighbours 与四邻和睦相处./ˈæmɪtə(r); `æmˌitɚ/ n instrument that measures electric current in amperes 安培计; 电流表./əˈməʊnɪə; ə`monɪə/ n [U]  1 colourless gas with a strong smell, used in refrigerators and for making explosives 氨; 阿摩尼亚.  2 (also liquid ammonia) solution of this gas in water, used in cleaning 氨水; 阿摩尼亚水./ˈæmənaɪt; `æməˌnaɪt/ n fossil of a shell, with a coiled shape 菊石（一种甲壳类动物化石, 壳呈旋卷盘状）./ˌæmjʊˈnɪʃn; ˌæmjə`nɪʃən/ n [U]  1 supply of bullets, bombs, grenades, etc fired from weapons or thrown 弹药: They had to meet the attack with very little ammunition. 他们不得不以极少的弹药应战.  2 (fig 比喻) facts and reasoning used in trying to win an argument 用于争论中的事实和论据: This letter gave her all the ammunition she needed. 这封信给她提供了她所需要的一切论据./æmˈniːzɪə; <i>US</i> -ˈniːʒə; æm`niʒə/ n [U] partial or total loss of memory 遗忘症（部分或全部记忆缺失）./ˈæmnəstɪ; `æmnəstɪ/ n general pardon, esp for offences against the State 大赦（尤指对国家所犯的罪行）: An amnesty has been declared. 已经宣布大赦了 * The rebels returned home under a general amnesty. 造反的人经大赦释放回家./əˈmiːbə; ə`mibə/ n (pl ~s or  ~e / -bi:; -bi/) microscopic organism consisting of a single cell, found in water and soil, which changes shape constantly 阿米巴; 变形虫./əˈmiːbɪk; ə`mibɪk/ adj of or caused by amoebae 阿米巴的; 由阿米巴引起的: amoebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾./əˈmɒk; ə`mɑk/ (also amuck / E5mQk; E`mQk/) adv (idm 习语) run amok rush about in a wild and angry frenzy 横冲直撞; 乱窜: The tiger escaped from the zoo and ran amok for hours. 老虎逃出了动物园, 张牙舞爪乱窜了几小时./əˈmʌŋ; ə`mʌŋ/ (also amongst / E5mQNst; E`mQNst/) prep (followed by a plural n or pron or a group n 後接复数名词或代词或集合名词)  1 surrounded by (sb/sth) 被...所围绕; 在...中间: work among the poor, the sick, the elderly, etc 在穷人, 病人, 老人等中工作 * He found it amongst a pile of old books. 他是在一堆旧书中找到它的.  2 in the number of (sth); included in 其中; 包括在内: I was among the last to leave. 我是最後离去者之一. * Among those present were the Prime Minister and her husband. 那些出席者中有首相及其丈夫. * He was only one amongst many who needed help. 他只是众多需要帮助者之一.  3 (in parts) to each member of (a group) 把（部分）...分给每一成员: distribute the books among the class 把书发给全班.  4 between 在...相互之间: Politicians are always arguing amongst themselves. 政客们总是彼此争论不休. * (saying 谚) There is honour among thieves. 盗亦有道.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Among is used of people or things considered as a group *among用于指作为一整体的人或事物: Share out the books among the class. 把书分发给全班. *  They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话. *  standing among the crowd at the football match 在人群中站着看足球比赛.  2 Between is used of people or things, either two in number or more than two considered individually *between用于指两个或两个以上各自独立的人或事物: one book between two (pupils) 两个人（小学生）一本书 *  She divided her possessions equally between her four children. 她把自己的财物平均分给了她的四个孩子. *  They hung flags across the street between the houses. 他们把旗子横跨街道悬挂在两边房子中间. *  There's a lot of disagreement between the two main political parties on this issue. 对这一问题, 两大政党间有很大分歧. (Compare 试比较: There's a lot of disagreement among politicians on this issue. 对这一问题, 政治家们有很大分歧.) /ˌeɪˈmɒrəl; <i>US</i> ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl; e`mɔrəl/ adj not based on moral standards; not following any moral rules 不基于道德标准的; 不遵守道德准则的. Cf 参看 immoral./ˈæmərəs; `æmərəs/ adj readily showing or feeling love; relating to (esp sexual) love 表示爱情的; 多情的; 有关（尤指性）爱的; 色情的: amorous looks, letters, poetry, experiences 脉脉含情的样子, 情书, 情诗, 性爱的体验 * He became quite amorous at the office party. 在职员聚会上他已春心荡漾了. adv: gazing amorously into her eyes 含情脉脉地凝视着她的眼睛. n [U]: a reputation for amorousness 好色的名声./əˈmɔːfəs; ə`mɔrfəs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having no definite shape or form; not organized 无定形的; 无组织的; 杂乱的: amorphous blobs of paint 乱七八糟的颜料 * an amorphous collection of jumpers and socks 一堆套头毛衣和袜子.=> amortization=> amortize/əˌmɔːtɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌæmərtɪ-; ˌæmɚtə`zeʃən/ n [U]./əˈmɔːtaɪz; <i>US</i> ˈæmərtaɪz; `æmɚˌtaɪz/ v [Tn] (law 律) end (a debt) by making regular payments into a special fund 向某基金管理机构分期偿还, 摊还（债款）. /əˈmaʊnt; ə`maᴜnt/ v [Ipr] ~ to sth 1 add up to or total sth 总计; 共达: The cost amounted to 250. 费用共达250英镑. * Our information doesn't amount to much, ie We have very little information. 我们的资料有限.  2 be equal to or the equivalent of sth 等于或相当于某事物: It all amounts to a lot of hard work. 这一切就相当于很多繁重的工作. * What you say amounts to a direct accusation. 你所说的话等于直接的指责.  3 (idm 习语) amount to/come to/be the same thing => same1.

n ~ (of sth) (used esp with [U] ns 尤与不可数名词连用)  1 total sum or value 总数; 总额; 总值: a bill for the full amount 全部金额的帐单 * Can you really afford this amount? 你真付得起这个总数吗?  2 quantity 数量: a large amount of work, money, furniture 大量的工作, 钱, 家具 * Food was provided in varying amounts. 食物供应多少不等. * No amount of encouragement would make him jump, ie Despite much encouragement he refused to jump. 无论怎么鼓励他, 他也不跳.  3 (idm 习语) any amount of sth a large quantity of sth 大量: He can get any amount of help. 他能得到大量的帮助./əˈmʊə(r); ə`mᴜr/ n (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) (esp secret) love affair （尤指秘密的）恋情; 偷情: Have you heard about his latest amour? 你听说他最近偷情的事了吗?/ˌæmʊə ˈprɒprə; ˌæmᴜr`prɔprə/ (French 法) self-respect; self-esteem 自尊; 自重; 自负: Try not to offend his amour propre. 尽量别伤他自尊心./æmp; æmp/ n (infml 口) = ampere./ˈæmpərɪdʒ; `æmpərɪdʒ/ n [U] strength of electric current measured in amperes 安培数; 电流强度./ˈæmpeə(r); <i>US</i> ˈæmpɪər; `æmpɪr/ (also amp) n (abbr 缩写 A) unit for measuring electric current 安培. =>App 11 见附录11./ˈæmpəsnd; `æmpəˌsænd/ n sign (&) meaning `and'  `&' 号, 意为 `and': Ampersands are often used in names of companies, eg Brown, Brown & Watkins. `&'号常用于公司名称中, 如Brown, Brown & Watkins./æmˈfetəmiːn; æm`fɛtəˌmin/ n [C, U] (medical 医) (any of several types of) synthetic drug used esp as a stimulant 苯异丙胺; 安非他明.comb form 构词成分 1 both; of both kinds 两; 两类: amphibian.  2 around 圆形的: amphitheatre./æmˈfɪbɪən; æm`fɪbɪən/ n  1 animal able to live both on land and in water 两栖动物: Frogs and newts are amphibians. 青蛙和蝾螈都是两栖动物.  2 aircraft that can take off from or alight on either land or water 水陆两用飞行器.  3 vehicle that can move over land or water 水陆两用车./æmˈfɪbɪəs; æm`fɪbɪəs/ adj  1 living or operating both on land and in water 两栖的; 水陆两用的: amphibious vehicles 水陆两用车辆.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] involving both sea and land forces 两栖作战的: amphibious operations 两栖作战./ˈæmfɪθɪətə(r); `æmfəˌθiətɚ/ n  1 oval or circular unroofed building with rows of seats rising in steps all round an open space, used for presenting entertainments 圆形剧场, 竞技场（椭圆形或圆形露天建筑物, 四周有阶梯式座位, 中央有表演场地）: Some famous amphitheatres were built by the Romans. 一些着名的竞技场都是罗马人修建的.  2 similar but semi-circular arrangement of seats inside a building used for eg lectures 内有半周阶梯式座位的建筑物（如阶梯教室）.  3 level area surrounded by hills 四周有小山环绕的平地./ˈæmpl; `æmpl/ adj  1 (more than) enough 足够的: ample time to get to the station 到车站时间充足 * A small piece of cake will be ample, thank you. 一小块蛋糕就足够了, 谢谢你. * ￡5 will be ample for my needs. 5英镑就足够我用的了.  2 abundant; plentiful 充足的; 富裕的: a man of ample strength 力气大的人 * The director of the company receives an ample salary. 公司的董事薪水很高.  3 large in size; spacious; extensive 大的; 宽敞的; 广泛的: an ample bosom 开阔的心胸 * There's ample room for the children on the back seat. 後座很宽敞足容得下孩子们. * The election was given ample coverage on TV. 电视上对选举作了广泛的报道. 

/ˈæmpl; `æmpl/ adj  1 (more than) enough 足够的: ample time to get to the station 到车站时间充足 * A small piece of cake will be ample, thank you. 一小块蛋糕就足够了, 谢谢你. * ￡5 will be ample for my needs. 5英镑就足够我用的了.  2 abundant; plentiful 充足的; 富裕的: a man of ample strength 力气大的人 * The director of the company receives an ample salary. 公司的董事薪水很高.  3 large in size; spacious; extensive 大的; 宽敞的; 广泛的: an ample bosom 开阔的心胸 * There's ample room for the children on the back seat. 後座很宽敞足容得下孩子们. * The election was given ample coverage on TV. 电视上对选举作了广泛的报道. > amply / 5AmplI; `AmplI/ adv: amply fed, furnished, provided for, rewarded 有足够的食物, 家具, 供应, 报酬./ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌæmpləfə`keʃən/ n [U].n device for amplifying (esp sounds or radio signals) 放大器; （尤指）扩音器, 扩大器, 扬声器./ˈæmplɪfaɪ; `æmpləˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]  1 increase (sth) in size or strength 放大或增强（某事物）: amplify the sound, electric current, signal 增强声音, 电流, 信号.  2 add details to (a story, etc); make fuller 补充叙述（故事, 事件等）; 详述: We must ask you to amplify your statement. 我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明./ˈæmplɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `æmpləˌtud/ n [U]  1 (fml 文) breadth; largeness; abundance 广阔; 广大; 丰富.  2 (physics 物) maximum extent to which a particular vibration, oscilation, radio wave, etc differ from the average 振幅; 波幅; 幅度: Sound waves are measured by their amplitude. 声波是根据其振幅来测量的./ˈæmplɪ; `æmplɪ/ adv: amply fed, furnished, provided for, rewarded 有足够的食物, 家具, 供应, 报酬./ˈæmpuːl; `æmpul/ n (medical 医) small sealed container holding a liquid, esp for injections 安瓿（装液体的密封小瓶, 尤指注射针剂）./ˈæmpjʊteɪt; `æmpjᴜˌtet/ v [I, Tn] cut off (a diseased or an injured limb) by surgical operation （用外科手术）切除（患病或受伤的肢体）; 截（肢）; 施截肢术: Her arm is so badly injured they will have to amputate (it). 她的胳膊伤势严重, 他们不得不锯掉（它）. /ˌæmpjʊˈteɪʃn; ˌæmpjᴜ`teʃən/ n [U, C].= amok./ˈæmjʊlɪt; `æmjəlɪt/ n piece of jewellery, etc worn as a charm1(2) against evil 护身符（为避邪而佩带的珠宝等物）./əˈmjuːz; ə`mjuz/ v [Tn]  1 make (sb) laugh or smile 逗（某人）笑: Everyone was amused at/by the story about the dog. 大家听了关于那支狗的故事都笑起来了. * My funny drawings amused the children. 我的滑稽的图画把孩子们给逗乐了. * We were amused to learn that... 我们得知...都笑了起来.  2 make time pass pleasantly for (sb) 使（某人）消遣: These toys will help to keep the baby amused. 这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐. * They amused themselves by looking at old photographs. 他们以看旧照片消遣.1 [C] thing that makes time pass pleasantly 娱乐品; 娱乐活动; 消遣: I would never choose to watch cricket as an amusement. 我决不会把看板球当作消遣. * The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. 这个旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动.  2 [U] state of being amused 娱乐; 快乐: She could not disguise her amusement at his mistake. 她对他的错误忍俊不禁. * To my great amusement his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是他的假胡子掉下来了. * I only do it for amusement, ie not for any serious purpose. 我只不过是做着玩而已（并无正经目的）. a`musement arcade room or hall containing coin-operated machines for playing games 游戏机室, 游戏机厅（设有以硬币开动的机器）. a`musement park open area with swings, roundabouts, shooting galleries, etc where one can amuse oneself 娱乐园（设有  千, 旋转木马, 打靶场等）.adj causing laughter or smiles; enjoyable 好笑的; 有趣的; 引人发笑的: an amusing story, story-teller 好笑的故事, 讲故事的人 * Our visits to the theatre made the holiday more amusing. 我们因看了几场戏而使假日倍添情趣.=> a2./əˈnækrənɪzəm; ə`nækrəˌnɪzəm/ n  1 mistake of placing sth in the wrong historical period 时代上的错误, 弄错年代（将某事物置错历史时期的错误）: It would be an anachronism to talk of Queen Victoria watching television. 谈到维多利亚女王看电视是时代上的错误.  2 thing dated wrongly in this way 被置错时代或年代的事物: Modern dress is an anachronism in productions of Shakespeare's plays. 在莎士比亚剧作演出中出现的现代服装, 是弄错年代的东西.  3 person, custom or idea regarded as out of date 被视为过时的人, 习俗, 思想: The monarchy is seen by some as an anachronism in present-day society. 君主政体在当今社会中被一些人视为是过时的制度. /əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk; əˌnækrə`nɪstɪk/ adj./ˌænəˈkɒndə; ˌænə`kɑndə/ n large snake of tropical S America that crushes its victims to death 森蚺（产于热带南美洲的大蟒蛇, 可用身体绞死猎物, 亦称大水蟒）./əˈniːmɪə; ə`nimɪə/ n [U] (medical 医) condition of the blood caused by a lack of red corpuscles, making the person look pale 贫血症./əˈniːmɪk; ə`nimɪk/ adj  1 suffering from or showing the symptoms of anaemia 患贫血症的; 显示贫血症的: She looks anaemic in my opinion. 我看她像有贫血症.  2 (fig 比喻) lacking vigour; weak 缺少活力的; 虚弱的: an anaemic performance 有气无力的表演./ˌænɪsˈθiːzɪə; ˌænəs`θiʒɪə/ (US anesthesia/ -5Wi:VE; -`WiVE/) n [U] state of being unable to feel (pain, heat, cold, etc) （对疼痛, 热, 冷等）感觉缺失; 麻木; 麻醉./ˌænɪsˈθetɪk; ˌænəs`θɛtɪk/ n [C, U] substance or process that produces anaesthesia 麻醉剂; 麻醉术: be under (an) anaesthetic 处于麻醉状态 * give sb a general anaesthetic, ie cause sb to lose consciousness 给某人全身麻醉 * a local anaesthetic (ie one affecting part of the body) for the removal of a tooth 为拔牙而施的局部麻醉.  -- 

adj producing anaesthesia 产生麻醉的.=> anaesthetization=> anaesthetize/əˈniːsθətɪst; ə`nɛsθətɪst/ n person trained to administer anaesthetics 麻醉师./əˈniːsθətaɪˈzeɪʃn; əˌnɛsθətə`zeʃən/ n [U]./əˈniːsθətaɪz; ə`nɛsθəˌtaɪz/ v [Tn] administer an anaesthetic to (sb); deprive of sensation 使麻醉; 使麻木. /ˈænəgrm; `ænəˇræm/ n word or phrase made by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase 变形词; 变形词组（将一词或一词组的字母位置变换而组成的新词或新词组）: `Cart-horse' is an anagram of `orchestra'. `Cart-horse'是`orchestra'的变形词. * This crossword is full of anagrams. 这个纵横填字字谜  有很多变形词./ˈeɪnl; `enl/ adj of the anus 肛门的: the anal region 肛门部位.

/ˈeɪnl; `enl/ adj./ˌænælˈdʒiːzɪə; <i>US</i> -ʒə; ˌænæl`dʒiʒə/ n [U] (medical 医) loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious 痛觉缺失./ˌænælˈdʒiːsɪk; ˌænæl`dʒisɪk/ adj, n (having the effects of a) substance that relieves pain 止痛的; 止痛药: Aspirin is a mild analgesic. 阿司匹林是药性平和的止痛药./əˈnæləgəs; ə`næləˇəs/ adj ~ (to/with sth) partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的; 相似的: The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似. * The present crisis is analogous with the situation immediately before the war. 目前的危机与大战前夕的形势类似. adv./ˈænəlɒg; <i>US</i> -lɔːˇ; `ænlˌɔˇ/ n thing that is similar to another thing 类似物: A vegetarian gets protein not from meat but from its analogues. 素食者所摄取的蛋白质不是来自肉类而是来自近似肉类的食物.computer using physical quantities, eg voltage, weight, length, etc, to represent numbers 模拟计算机（用物理量如电压, 重量, 长度等来表示数量的计算机）: A slide-rule is a simple analogue computer. 计算尺是简单的模拟计算机. Cf 参看 digital computer (digit)./əˈnælədʒɪ; ə`nælədʒɪ/ n  1 [C] ~ (between sth and sth) partial similarity between two things that are compared 类似; 相似: point to analogies between the two events 指出两起事件的相似之处 * The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump. 教师打了一个比喻, 把人的心脏比作唧筒.  2 [U] ~ (with sth) process of reasoning based on such similarity 类推: My theory applies to you and by analogy to others like you. 我的理论适用于你, 照此类推, 也适用于像你这样的其他人.  3 [U] way in which words change their form because of their similarity to other words 类推法（因某些词与其它词相似而类推出其词形变化的方法）./ˈænəlaɪz; `ænlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 separate (sth) into its parts in order to study its nature or structure 分析（将事物分解成各部分以研究其性质或结构）: analyse the sample and identify it 分析样品进行鉴定 * By analysing the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar. 分析句子成分就能多了解一些英语语法.  2 examine and explain (sth) 观察并解释（某事物）; 研究: We must try to analyse the causes of the strike. 我们得研究一下罢工的原因.  3 = psycho-analyse./əˈnæləsɪs; ə`næləsɪs/ n (pl -yses / -Esi:z;-E9siz/)  1 [U, C] study of sth by examining its parts and their relationship 分析（对事物的各个部分及其相互关系的研究）: Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare. 对原文的分析研究鉴定出作者是莎士比亚. * Close analysis of sales figures shows clear regional variations. 对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别.  2 [C] statement of the result of this 分析结果的报告: present a detailed analysis of the situation 对形势提出一份详细的分析报告.  3 [U] = psycho-analysis.  4 (idm 习语) in the ,last/,final a`nalysis after all due consideration 总之; 归根结底: In the final analysis I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play. 总之, 我认为我们都同情剧中的女主人公./ˈænəlɪst; `ænlɪst/ n  1 person skilled in making (esp chemical) analyses 分析家; （尤指）化验员.  2 = psycho-analyst./ˌænəˈlɪtɪk; ˌænl`ɪtɪk/, analytical / -kl; -kl- -/ adjs of or using analysis 分析的; 用分析方法的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈænəpiːst; `ænəˌpɛst/ (US anapest / -pest;-9pZst/) n metrical foot in poetry consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable 抑抑扬格（有两个短音节或非重音音节, 其後跟有一个长音节或重音音节的一种音步）. /ˌænəˈpiːstɪk; ˌænə`pɛstɪk/ (US anapestic / -5pestIk; -`pZstIk/) adj: `Like the `leaves of the `forest when `summer is `green' has an anapaestic rhythm. `Like the `leaves of the `forest when `summer is `green' 的韵律属于抑抑扬格./əˈnæfərə; ə`næfərə/ n [U] (grammar) use of a word to refer back to or replace a word previously used, eg do in If you don't want to iron my shirt I'll do it. 前指替代法（用一个词来复指或替代前面用过的词, 如在If you don't want to iron my shirt I' ll do it句中do的用法）. /ˌænəˈfɒrɪk; ˌænə`fɔrɪk/ adj./əˈnɑːkɪk; ən`ɑrkɪk/ anarchical / -Ikl;-Ikl/ adjs./ˈænəkɪzəm; `ænɚkɪzəm/ n [U] political theory that laws and government should be abolished 无政府主义（主张法律和政府都应取消的一种政治理论）.n person who believes in anarchism 无政府主义者./ˈænəkɪ; `ænɚkɪ/ n [U]  1 absence of government or control in society; lawlessness 无政府状态; 无法无天: The overthrow of the regime was followed by a period of anarchy. 那政权被推翻以後, 有一段时期是无政府状态.  2 disorder; confusion 无秩序; 混乱: In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy. 教师不在, 班上一片混乱./əˈnæθəmə; ə`næθəmə/ n  1 [U, C] detested person or thing 极讨厌的人或事物: Racial prejudice is (an) anathema to me. 我对种族偏见深恶痛绝.  2 [C] formal declaration of the Christian Church, excommunicating sb or condemning sth as evil （基督教把某人逐出教会或谴责某事物为邪恶的）咒诅.=> anathematize/əˈnæθəmətaɪz; ə`næθəməˌtaɪz/ v [I, Tn] curse (sb/sth) 诅咒（某人[某事物]）./ˌænəˈtɒmɪkl; ˌænə`tɑmɪkl/ adj. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˈnætəmɪst; ə`nætəmɪst/ n person who studies anatomy 解剖学者./əˈnætəmɪ; ə`nætəmɪ/ n  1 [U] scientific study of the structure of animal bodies 解剖学: We have to do anatomy next term. 我们下学期得学解剖学了.  2 [C] bodily structure of an animal or plant （动植物的）解剖构造: the anatomy of the frog 青蛙的解剖构造.  3 [C] (joc 谑) human body 人体: Various parts of his anatomy were clearly visible. 他身体的各个部分都看得很清楚./ˈænsestə(r); `ænsɛstɚ/ n  1 (fem 阴性作 ancestress / -trIs; -trIs/) any of the people from whom sb is descended, esp those more remote than his grandparents; forefather 祖先; 祖宗: His ancestors had come to England as refugees. 他的祖先来到英国的时候是难民. Cf 参看 descendant (descend).  2 (fig 比喻) early form of a machine or structure which later became more developed; forerunner 原型（某机器或结构的早期形式）; 先驱: The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny farthing. 现代自行车的原型叫做‘前轮大後轮小的自行车’./ænˈsestrəl; æn`sɛstrəl/ adj belonging to or inherited from one's ancestors 祖先的; 祖传的: her ancestral home 她的祖居./ˈænsestrɪ; `ænsɛstrɪ/ n line of ancestors 世系: a distinguished ancestry 名门望族./ˈæŋkə(r); `æŋkɚ/ n  1 heavy metal device attached to a rope, chain, etc and used to moor a ship or boat to the sea-bottom or a balloon to the ground 锚, 锚固装置（用缆, 链等连接着的金属设备, 用以将船舶固定于海底或将气球固定在地面上）: They brought the boat into the harbour and dropped (the) anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that gives stability or security 可以依靠的人或事物; 靠山; 後盾.  3 (idm 习语) at `anchor moored by the anchor 抛锚停泊: We lay at anchor outside the harbour. 我们在港外抛锚停泊. bring (a ship)/come to `anchor stop sailing and lower the anchor 停航抛锚. cast anchor => cast. ride at anchor => ride2. slip anchor => slip2. weigh anchor => weigh.

v [I, Tn] lower an anchor; make (sth) secure with an anchor 抛锚; 用锚固装置固定（某物）: We anchored (our boat) close to the shore. 我们近岸抛锚停泊（船）./mæn; mæn/  1 person who co-ordinates the work of a group, esp that of interviewers and reporters in a radio or television broadcast （尤指无线电或电视采访的）主持人.  2 strong member of a sports team who has a vital part to play （运动队员中的）主力: The anchor man in a relay team runs last. 接力队中的主力跑最後一棒./ˈæŋkərɪdʒ; `æŋkɚrɪdʒ/ n  1 [C] place where ships, etc may anchor safely （船支等安全的）停泊处, 锚地.  2 [U] money charged for anchoring 停泊税./ˈæŋkəraɪt; `æŋkəˌraɪt/ n hermit or religious recluse 隐士; 隐居修道者./ˈæntʃəvɪ; <i>US</i> ˈæntʃəʊvɪ; `æntʃovɪ/ n small fish of the herring family with a strong flavour, : [attrib 作定语] ,anchovy `paste, 鱼酱./ˈeɪnʃənt; `enʃənt/ adj  1 belonging to times long past 古代的; 远古的: ancient civilizations 古代的文明.  2 (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) very old 极老的: I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves. 看到年轻一代的举止行为, 我觉得我太老了. =>Usage at old 用法见old.history of the Greek and Roman civilizations 古代史（希腊及罗马文明史）.(Brit) old building, etc recognized by the Government as worth preserving 古迹 （尤指英国政府认为值得保存的古代建筑物）./ænˈsɪlərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈænsəlerɪ; `ænsəˌlɛrɪ/ adj ~ (to sth) helping in a subsidiary way 辅助的: ancillary staff, duties, roads, industries 辅助职员, 任务, 道路, 工业./ənd, ən, also n; ənd, ən, n, esp after t, d; strong form 强读式 nd; ænd/ conj (used to connect words of the same part of speech, phrases or clauses)  1 also; in addition to 和; 与; 及; 同; 又; 并; 亦; 且; 兼; 而: bread and butter 面包和黄油 * slowly and carefully 缓慢而仔细地 * able to read and write 能读又能写 * one woman, two men and three children 一个女人, 两个男人及三个孩子 * shutting doors and opening windows 关门及开窗 (When and connects two ns standing for things or people that are closely linked, a determiner is not normally repeated before the second n 若and所连接的两个名词为紧密相关的人或物, 第二个名词前一般不必再用限定词, 如 a knife and fork 一副刀叉, my father and mother 我的父母, 否则就要重复限定词, 如 a knife and a spoon 一把刀和一个勺, my father and my uncle 我的父亲和我的叔父.)  2 added to; plus 加: 5 and 5 makes 10.  5加5等于 10. (When numbers are said, and is used between the hundreds and any digits that follow 说到数目时, 百位和其後任何位数之间要用and, 如 two thousand, two hundred and sixty four 二千二百六十四, 即2264. The use of and in expressions of time is now dated 表示时间的词语中使用 and, 这一用法现已过时, 如 five and twenty past two, 现作 twenty-five past two 两点二十五.)  3 then; following this 然後; 其後; 接着; 就: She came in and sat down. 她进来以後就坐下了. * I pulled the trigger and the gun went off. 我一扣扳机, 枪就响了.  4 as a result of this 因此; 那么; 就: Work hard and (ie If you work hard) you will pass your examinations. 你若用功, 考试就能及格. * Arrive late once more and (ie If you arrive late once more) you're fired. 你再迟到一次, 就把你开除.  5 then again; repeatedly; increasingly 一再地; 重复地; 继续增加地: We walked for miles and miles. 我们走了很长很长的路. * They talked for hours and hours. 他们谈了很长很长时间. * Your work is getting better and better. 你干得越来越好了. * He tried and tried but without success. 他试了又试却未成功.  6 contrasting with (different kinds of the same thing) 与（同一事物的不同种类）相对照: Don't worry  there are rules and rules, ie Some rules are more important, more easy to ignore, etc than others. 别担心--规则跟规则不一样（有的规则比其他规则重要, 容易疏忽等）.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In informal English and can be used after a few verbs (eg go, come) instead of to. It indicates purpose, 在口语中, and可代替to用于少数几个动词如go, come之後, 表示目的: Will you go and fetch me a screwdriver, please? 请你去给我拿把改锥来, 好吗? *  Can I come and look at your work? 我能来看看你的作品吗? *  We stayed and had a drink. 我们留下来喝了点酒. *  He stopped and bought some flowers. 他停下来买了些花. When used with try and in the phrase wait and see only the base form of the verb is possible  在与try连用时及在wait and see这一词组中, 动词只可用原形: Try and improve. 尽量改进. *  We'll try and get one tomorrow. 我们明天设法弄一个来. * `What's for dinner?' `Wait and see.' ‘吃什么饭?’‘等着瞧吧.’(infml 口) together with or as an alternative to ...和...或者...或...: Bring wine and/or chocolates. 把酒和[或]巧克力拿来./ænˈdæntɪ; æn`dæntɪ/ adj, adv (music 音) (to be played) in moderately slow time 行板速度（的）; 用行板速度（演奏）（的）.

n piece of music (to be) played thus 行板速度演奏的乐曲./ˈændaɪən; `ændˌaɪɚn/ (also firedog) n iron support (usu one of a pair) for holding logs in a fireplace 柴架（壁炉中盛木柴的铁架, 常为一对）./ænˈdrɒdʒɪnəs; æn`drɑdʒənəs/ adj  1 having both male and female characteristics; hermaphrodite 兼有雌雄两性特徵的; 兼有男女两性的: pop-stars dressing up in androgynous styles 穿着半男半女式服装的流行歌手.  2 (botany 植) (of a plant) having both stamens and pistils in the same flower （指植物）一朵花中兼有雄蕊和雌蕊的; 雌雄同序的./ˌænekˌdəʊtl; ˌænɪk`dotl/ adj: anecdotal memoirs 轶事录./ˈænɪkdəʊt; `ænɪkˌdot/ n short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 轶事, 逸闻（关于真人真事的短小有趣的事）. (US) = anaemia, anaemic.=> anemia/ˌænɪˈmɒmɪtə(r); ˌænə`mɑmətɚ/ (also windgauge) n instrument for measuring the force of the wind 风速表./əˈnemənɪ; ə`nɛməˌnɪ/ n small wild or garden plant with white, red or purple star-shaped flowers 银莲花（野生或园栽短小植物, 开白, 红或紫色星状花）./ˌænərɔɪd bəˈrɒmɪtə(r); ˌænəˌrɔɪd bə`rɑmətɚ/ instrument that measures air-pressure by the action of air on the outside of a box containing a vacuum 空盒气压计; 无液气压计.(US) = anaesthesia, anaesthetic.(US) = anaesthesia, anaesthetic.=> anaesthetization=> anaesthetize/əˈnjuː; <i>US</i> əˈnuː; ə`nu/ adv (usu rhet 通常作修辞) in a new or different way; again 重新; 再: Our efforts must begin anew. 我们得从头再来./ˈeɪndʒl; `endʒəl/ n  1 (esp in Christian belief) messenger or attendant of God 天使（尤指基督教信仰中上帝的使者或侍者）: Angels are usually shown in pictures dressed in white, with wings. 在图画中的天使通常是身穿白衣, 生有翅膀. =>illus 见插图.  2 beautiful, innocent or kind person 安琪儿（美丽, 纯真或善良的人）: Mary's three children are all angels  not like mine. 玛丽的三个孩子都像安琪儿一样可爱--跟我的孩子可不一样. * Be an angel and make me a cup of tea. 你做做好事, 给我沏杯茶吧. * He sings like an angel, ie very sweetly. 他唱得婉转动听.  3 (idm 习语) a ministering angel => minister2.light sponge cake 蛋糕.n (pl unchanged 复数不变) fish with wing-like fins 神仙鱼./ænˈdʒelɪk; æn`dʒɛlɪk/ adj of or like an angel 天使的; 天使般的; 美丽, 纯真或善良的: an angelic smile, voice, face 天使般的微笑, 声音, 面孔. /ænˈdʒelɪkə; æn`dʒɛlɪkə/ n [U] (a) sweet-smelling plant used in cooking and in medicine 白芷（一种有香味的植物, 用于烹调及医药）. (b) stalks of this plant that have been boiled in sugar 蜜饯的白芷茎./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: The children behaved angelically. 孩子们乖得像天使一样./ˈændʒɪləs; `ændʒələs/ n [sing] (also Angelus)  1 (in the Roman Catholic Church) prayer to the Virgin Mary （天主教中）对圣母玛利亚的祈祷.  2 bell rung at morning, noon and sunset, calling people to say this prayer （为招唤人们作此祈祷而于早晨, 中午, 日落时敲的）祈祷钟./ˈæŋgə(r); `æŋˇɚ/ n [U]  1 strong feeling of displeasure and hostility 怒气; 怒火: filled with anger at the way he had been tricked 对于他这样被骗而怒火中烧 * speak in anger about the plight of poor people 含怒讲述穷人的苦难处境 * It was said in a moment of anger. 那是一时的气话.  2 (idm 习语) more in sorrow than in anger => sorrow.

v [Tn] fill (sb) with anger; make angry 使（某人）发怒; 激怒: He was angered by the selfishness of the others. 他因为别人的自私而发怒./ænˌdʒaɪnə ˈpektərɪs; æn`dʒaɪnə`pɛktərɪs/ (also angina) n [U] (medical 医) disease of the heart which results in sharp pains in the chest after exertion 心绞痛./ˈæŋgl; `æŋˇl/ n  1 space between two lines or surfaces that meet 角（两线或面相交所形成的空间）: an angle of 45° 45°的角. =>illus 见插图.  2 point of view 角度; 观点: Seen from this angle the woman in the picture is smiling. 从这个角度来看, 画中的女子面带微笑. * (fig 比喻) Try looking at the affair from a different angle. 试从另一角度来看这件事.  3 corner (of a building or an object) （建筑物或物体的）角: She hit her knee against the angle of the bed. 她的膝盖撞到床角上了.  4 (idm 习语) at an `angle not straight up; sloping 不是直上直下的; 倾斜的: The famous tower of Pisa leans at an angle. 有名的比萨塔是斜的.

v  1 [Tn] move or place (sth) in a slanting position 斜移或斜置（某物）: Try angling the camera for a more interesting picture. 试用照相机斜着照, 照出来的相片更有意思.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at/to/towards sb) present (information, etc) from a particular point of view 从某一角度传达（信息等）: This programme is angled at young viewers. 这个节目是针对年轻观众的.

/ˈæŋgl; `æŋˇl/ v  1 [I] (usu 通常作 go angling) fish with line and hook 钓鱼: angling for trout 钓鳟鱼.  2 [Ipr] ~ for sth (infml 口) try and obtain sth by hinting 使用暗示手段以期获得某事物: angle for compliments, an invitation, a free ticket 诱使别人夸奖, 婉转地使别人提出邀请, 转弯抹角想要一张免费票./ˈæŋglə(r); `æŋˇlɚ/ n person who goes angling 钓鱼者. Cf 参看 fisherman./ˈæŋglɪkən; `æŋˇlɪkən/ n, adj (member) of the Church of England or of another Church with the same beliefs and forms of worship 英国国教的, 英国圣公会等的（教徒）: the Anglican prayer-book 英国国教的祈祷书.=> Anglicize/ˈæŋglɪsɪzəm; `æŋˇləˌsɪzəm/ n typically English way of saying sth; English word or phrase used by speakers of another language 典型的英国说法; （说另一语言的人所使用的）英语词语: The French language contains many Anglicisms, such as `le weekend'. 法语中含有很多英语词语如 `le weekend'./ˈæŋglɪsaɪz; `æŋˇləˌsaɪz/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) English or like English 使（某人[某事物]）英国化或英语化: Anglicized pronunciation 英语化的发音.n [U] art or sport of fishing with a line and hook 钓鱼术: Angling is his main hobby. 钓鱼是他的主要爱好.comb form 构词成分 English or British 英国的; 不列颠的: Anglo-American * Anglophobia./ˌæŋgləʊ əˈmerɪkən; `æŋglo ə`mɛrɪkən/ n American person descended from an English family 英裔美国人.

adj of or concerning England and America 英美的; 关于英美的: the Anglo-American agreement 英美协议./ˌæŋgləʊ ˈkθəlɪk; `æŋˇlo `kæθəlɪk/ n, adj (member) of the section of the Church of England that stresses its unbroken connection with the early Christian Church and objects to being called Protestant 英国国教高教会派的（教徒）（坚称其与早期基督教会一脉相承的关系, 并拒被称为新教派者）./ˌæŋgləʊ ˈfrentʃ; `æŋˇlo `frɛntʃ/ adj English and French 英法的: a joint Anglo-French project 英法联合项目./ˌæŋgləʊ ˈɪndɪən; `æŋˇlo `ɪndɪən/ n, adj  1 (person) of mixed British and Indian blood 英印混血的（人）.  2 (dated 旧) (person) of British birth but having lived for a long time in India 长期侨居印度的英国的（人）./ˌæŋgləʊ ˈsksn; `æŋˇlo `sæksn/ n  1 person of English descent 盎格鲁撒克逊人（英国血统的人）.  2 English person of the period before the Norman Conquest （在诺曼人征服以前的时期的）英国人.  3 (also Old English) the English language of this period 古英语（该时期的英语）. 

adj./ˈæŋgləʊfaɪl; `æŋˇloˌfaɪl/ n person who loves England or English things 亲英者（喜爱英国或英国事物的人）./ˈæŋgləʊfəʊb; `æŋˇloˌfob/ n person who hates or fears England or English things 仇英者, 恐英者（对英国或英国事物憎恶或恐惧的人）./ˌæŋgləʊˈfəʊbɪə; ˌæŋˇlo`fobɪə/ n [U] (esp excessive) hatred or fear of England or English things 仇英, 恐英（对英国或英国事物极度的憎恶或恐惧）./ˈæŋgləʊfəʊn; `æŋˇloˌfon/ n, adj (person) speaking English, esp where English is not the only language spoken 说英语的（人）（尤指在英语并非唯一通行的语言地区）./æŋˈgɔːrə; æŋ`ˇɔrə/ n  1 [C] long-haired breed of cat, goat or rabbit 安哥拉猫, 山羊或兔.  2 [U] yarn or material made from the hair of angora goats or rabbits 安哥拉毛纱或呢（用安哥拉山羊或兔的毛纺成的毛纱或制成的毛呢）./-əlɪ; -əlɪ/ adv./ˈæŋgrɪ; `æŋˇrɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 ~ (with sb) (at/about sth) filled with anger 生气的; 愤怒的; 发怒的: angry at being delayed/about the delay 因被耽搁[因耽搁]而生气 * I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 我因为犯了这么愚蠢的错误而在生自己的气. * (fig 比喻) The sea/sky looks angry, ie stormy, threatening. 海上怒涛澎湃[天空乌云滚滚, 风雨交加].  2 (of a wound) painful; inflamed （指伤口）疼痛的, 发炎的.  3 (idm 习语) an angry young man young man, esp an intellectual, who disagrees strongly with the existing moral, social and political attitudes and tries to change them by means of public protest, through his writings, etc 愤怒的青年（尤指知识分子, 因强烈不满现实的道德, 社会, 政治等观念, 力图通过写作等方式鼓动人民大众奋起反抗进行改革）. /æŋst; æŋst/ n [U] (German 德) feeling of anxiety, guilt or remorse, esp about the state of the world 忧虑, 负疚, 懊恼（尤指对于世界局势）./ˈæŋgwɪʃ; `æŋˇwɪʃ/ n [U] severe physical or mental pain （肉体的或精神的）极度痛苦: I was in anguish until I knew she was still alive. 我以前不知道她还活着, 所以一直万分痛苦.adj feeling or expressing anguish 感到痛苦的; 表现痛苦的: an anguished heart 痛苦的心情 * anguished cries 痛苦的叫喊./ˈæŋgjʊlə(r); `æŋˇjəlɚ/ adj  1 having angles or sharp corners 有角的; 有尖角的.  2 (of people) thin and bony （指人）瘦削的, 骨瘦如柴的.  3 (of a person's character or manner) stiff and awkward （指性格或举止）死板的, 生硬的, 不灵活的: an angular posture, gait, stride 僵挺的姿势, 步法, 大步.  4 measured by the angle 用角度量的: angular distance, ie the distance between two objects measured as an angle from a given point 角距离（由一定点到两物体之间所量度的夹角）. /ˌæŋgjʊˈlrətɪ; ˌæŋˇjə`lærətɪ/ n [U, C]./ˈænɪliːn; <i>US</i> ˈænəlɪn; `ænlˌɪn/ n [U] oily liquid obtained chemically from coal tar, used in making dyes, drugs, etc 苯胺（用化学方法自煤焦油中提炼出的油状液体, 用于制造染料, 药品等）./-ˈvɜːʃn; <i>US</i> -ʒn; -`vɝʒən/ n [C, U] criticism 评论; 批评; 谴责./ˌænɪmdˈvɜːt; ˌænəmæd`vɝt/ v [Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth) (fml 文) make (esp critical) remarks about sb/sth 评论,（尤指）批评, 谴责某人[某事物]./ˈænɪml; `ænəml/ n  1 living thing that can feel and move voluntarily 动物（能有感觉并能自行移动的生物）: Men, dogs, birds, flies, fish and snakes are all animals. 人, 狗, 鸟, 蝇, 鱼, 蛇都是动物. * [attrib 作定语] the `animal kingdom 动物界. Cf 参看 vegetable, mineral.  2 any such creature other than a human being 动物（除人以外的此类任何生物）.  3 four-footed creature as distinct from a bird, a fish or an insect 四足动物, 兽, 牲畜（有别于鸟, 鱼, 虫）.  4 wild or brutish person 粗野残暴的人; 兽性的人; 衣冠禽兽.

adj [attrib 作定语] characteristic of animals 有动物特性的: animal needs, eg food and drink 肉体上的需要（如食物和饮料） * animal desires, ie sexual desires 肉欲.the care and management of cattle, sheep, horses, etc 畜牧业（对牛, 羊, 马等的饲养和管理）.1 (formerly) hypnotism （旧时）动物磁性（催眠术）.  2 physical attraction in animals 动物间的肉体吸引.natural enjoyment of life 生趣; 生气./ˌænɪˈmlkjuːl; ˌænə`mælkjul/ n microscopically small animal 微小动物./ˈænɪmət; `ænəmət/ adj living; having life 活的; 有生命的: The dog lay so still it scarcely seemed animate. 那条狗卧着一动也不动, 简直不像活的.

/ˈænɪmeɪt; `ænəˌmet/ v  1 [Tn] give life to (sth/sb); make lively 赋予（某事物[某人]）以生命; 使活泼; 使有生气: A smile animated her face. 一丝笑容使她脸上平添了生气.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to/with sth) inspire or motivate sb 激励或鼓舞某人: animate sb to greater efforts, with a desire to succeed 激励某人更加努力, 争取胜利 * Animated by fresh hope, he started again. 他在新希望的激励之下, 又从头做起.  3 [Tn] produce (sth) as an animated cartoon 绘制（动画片）.adj  1 lively 活跃的; 活泼的: an animated discussion 热烈的讨论 * I had rarely seen him so animated. 我很少见到他这么活跃.  2 given the appearance of movement 看起来活动的: animated drawings 动画. animatedly adv. ,animated car`toon = cartoon 2./ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn; ˌænə`meʃən/ n [U]  1 liveliness; vivacity 生气; 活力: We could see how excited he was by the animation in his face. 我们从他脸上的神气就能看出他多么兴奋.  2 technique of making animated cartoons 动画片制作技术. Cf 参看 suspended animation (suspend).n person who makes animated cartoons 动画片制作者./ˈænɪmɪzəm; `ænəˌmɪzəm/ n [U] belief that all natural objects and phenomena (eg trees, stones, the wind, etc) have souls 泛灵论, 万物有灵论（相信一切自然的物体及现象, 如树, 石, 风等都有灵魂）./ˌænɪˈmɒsətɪ; ˌænə`mɑsətɪ/ n [C, U] ~ (against/towards sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility 憎恶; 敌意; 仇恨: He felt no animosity towards his critics. 他对批评他的人并不怀恨在心. * I could sense the animosity between them. 我能觉察出他们彼此间的敌意./ˈænɪməs; `ænəməs/ n [U]  1 animosity shown in speech or action （表现在语言或行动中的）敌意, 恶意, 仇恨.  2 (psychology 心) masculine part of a woman's personality （女性人格中的）男性基质./ˈænɪs; `ænɪs/ n plant with sweet-smelling seeds 茴芹./ˈæŋkl; `æŋkl/ n  1 joint connecting the foot with the leg 踝; 踝关节.  2 thin part of the leg between this joint and the calf 踝节部; 脚腕子: [attrib 作定语] `ankle socks, ie short socks covering the ankles but no higher （只到踝节部的）短袜. =>illus at foot 见foot之插图. /ˈæŋklɪt; `æŋklɪt/ ornamental chain, ring or band worn round the ankle 脚镯（戴在脚腕子上作装饰用的链, 环或箍）./ˈænəlɪst; `ænlɪst/ n person who writes annals 编年史作者./ˈænlz; `ænlz/ n [pl] story of events year by year; historical records 编年史; 历史记载; 年鉴: a name that will go down in the annals, ie be recorded in history 将载入编年史的名字（载入史册） * the Annals of the Society 社会年刊./əˈniːl; ə`nil/ v [Tn] make (metals, glass, etc) tough by cooling slowly after heating 使（金属, 玻璃等）退火, 焖火（将金属或玻璃加热, 然後缓慢冷却, 以增强其韧性）./əˈneks; ə`nɛks/ v  1 [Tn] take possession of (a territory, etc) 兼并, 并吞（领土等）: annex a neighbouring state 兼并邻国.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) add or join sth to a larger thing 附加; 添加: A new wing has been annexed to the hospital. 医院已经增建了一个新侧楼./ˌænekˈseɪʃn; ˌænɛks`eʃən/ n (a) [U] act of annexing 并吞; 附加. (b) [C] instance of this; that which is annexed 并吞; 附加; 附加物./ˈæneks; `ænɛks/ n ~ (to sth)  1 building added to a larger one; building providing additional accommodation 增建部分; 添加的建筑; 附属建筑: The hotel was full so we had to sleep in the annexe. 旅馆已经客满, 我们只好到附属部去睡.  2 addition, eg to a document 附录, 附件（如附加于文件者）./əˈnaɪəleɪt; ə`naɪəˌlet/ v [Tn] destroy (sb/sth) completely 完全消灭, 歼灭（某人[某事物]）: The enemy was annihilated. 敌人被歼灭了./əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃn; əˌnaɪə`leʃən/ n [U] complete destruction 全部毁灭; 灭绝: A full-scale nuclear war could lead to the annihilation of the human race. 全面的核子战争能导致人类的灭绝./ˌænɪˈvɜːsərɪ; ˌænə`vɝsərɪ/ n yearly return of the date of an event; celebration of this 周年纪念日; 周年纪念: the hundredth anniversary of the composer's death 作曲家逝世一百周年纪念 * our wedding anniversary 我们的结婚周年纪念 * [attrib 作定语] an anniversary dinner 周年纪念餐./ˈænəteɪt; `ænəˌtet/ v [Tn] add notes to (a book, manuscript, text, etc) giving explanation or comment 给（书, 稿, 文字等）作注释或评注: annotated by the author 由作者加注释的./ˌænəˈteɪʃn; ˌænə`teʃən/ n  1 [U] action or process of annotating （作）注释; （作）评注.  2 [C] note or comment added to a text 注释; 评注: annotations in the margin 页边上的评注./əˈnaʊns; ə`naᴜns/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] make (sth) known publicly 宣布; 宣告; 发表: They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家  宣布他们已经订婚了. * The Prime Minister announced that she would resign. 首相宣布她将辞职. * Have they announced when the race will begin? 宣布比赛什么时候开始了吗?  2 [Tn] make known the presence or arrival of (sb/sth) 通报（某人[某事物]）的出席或到来: Would you announce the guests as they come in? 客人来时你通报一声好吗? 3 [Tn] introduce (a speaker, singer, etc) on radio, TV, etc （在无线电, 电视等上）主持介绍（演讲者, 演唱者等）.n statement in spoken or written form that makes sth known 宣布; 宣告; 通告: The announcement of the royal birth was broadcast to the nation. 王室成员降生的通告已向全国广播. * Announcements of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers. 有些报纸刊登出生, 婚姻, 死亡的通告.n person who announces speakers, singers, programmes, etc, esp on radio or TV 播音员, 广播员（尤指无线电或电视节目主持人）./əˈnɔɪ; ə`nɔɪ/ v [Tn]  1 cause slight anger to (sb); irritate 使（某人）不悦; 惹恼: His constant sniffing annoys me. 他不停地抽鼻子使我心烦. * It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候, 我就不痛快. * I was annoyed by his insensitive remarks. 我听了他那些没分寸的话, 心里很不痛快.  2 cause trouble or discomfort to (sb); harass 打搅, 骚扰（某人）: Stop annoying your mother. 别再烦你母亲了. * The mosquitoes annoyed me so much I couldn't sleep. 蚊 子搅得我无法入睡./-əns; -əns/ n  1 [U] being annoyed 烦恼: a look of annoyance 烦恼的表情 * much to our annoyance 使我们十分烦恼地.  2 [C] thing that annoys 烦恼的事物: One of the annoyances of working here is the difficulty of parking near the office. 在这  工作有一件伤脑筋的事, 就是在办公处附近很难停车.adj ~ (with sb) (at/about sth); ~ (that.../to do sth) rather angry 颇为生气的: He got very annoyed with me about my carelessness. 我太粗心大意, 使他很生气. * I'm extremely annoyed at the way he always stares at me in the office. 他在办公室  老是目不转睛地盯着我, 真把我气坏了. * Will she be annoyed that you forgot to phone? 你忘记打电话了, 她会生气吗? * I was annoyed to find they had left without me. 他们撇下我走了, 使我很不痛快.adj causing slight anger or irritation 使人颇为生气或烦恼的: This interruption is very annoying. 这种打扰真讨厌. * How annoying, I've left my wallet at home! 多讨厌, 我把钱包落在家里了./ˈænjʊəl; `ænjᴜəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 happening every year 每年的; 年度的; 一年一次的: annual event, meeting, report, show, visit 一年一次的大事, 会议, 报告, 演出, 访问.  2 calculated for the year 按年度计算的: an annual income, production, rainfall, subscription 年收入, 产量, 雨量, （预订）费.  3 lasting for one year 持续一年的: the annual course of the sun 太阳在一年期间的运行.

n  1 plant that lives for one year or season 一年生植物; 一季生植物.  2 book or periodical that is published once a year, having the same title each time but different contents 年鉴; 年刊; 年报.adv: The exhibition is held annually. 这种展览每年举行一次./əˈnjuːɪtənt; <i>US</i> -ˈnuː-; ə`nuətənt/ n person who receives an annuity 接受年金的人; 领取养老金的人./əˈnjuːətɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈnuː-; ə`nuətɪ/ n  1 fixed sum of money paid to sb yearly, usu for the remaining part of his lifetime 年金; 养老金: receiving a modest annuity 获得些微的年金.  2 form of insurance that provides such a regular annual income 年金保险./əˈnʌl; ə`nʌl/ v [Tn] (-ll-) declare (sth) no longer valid; abolish; cancel 宣告（某事物）无效; 废止; 取消: annul an agreement/a contract/a law/a marriage 宣告协议[合同/法令/婚姻]无效. /ˈænjʊlə(r); `ænjəlɚ/ adj shaped like a ring 环形的; 有环纹的: The annular markings on a tree indicate its age. 树的环形纹理显示其年龄.eclipse of the sun by the moon when a ring of sunlight can be seen round the moon 环蚀（在月球周围可见到一圈阳光的日蚀）.n [C, U]./əˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn; əˌnʌnsɪ`eʃən/ n the Annunciation [sing] (religion 宗) (festival held on 25 March to commemorate) the announcement to Mary that she was to be the mother of Christ 圣母领报（天使预告圣母马利亚, 她将生育耶稣）; 圣母领报节（3月25日）./ˈænəʊd; `ænod/ n  1 positive electrode by which an electric current enters a device 阳极; 正极. Cf 参看 cathode.  2 positive terminal of a battery 电池的阳极接头./ˈænədaɪn; `ænəˌdaɪn/ n, adj  1 (drug) that can relieve pain 止痛的（药）.  2 (thing) that can relieve or soothe mental distress 能解除或减轻忧愁的（事物）./əˈnɔɪnt; ə`nɔɪnt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) apply oil or ointment to sb (esp as a religious ceremony) 涂油或膏于某人; （尤指作为一种宗教仪式）为某人施涂油礼: The priest anointed the baby's forehead. 神父在婴儿的前额上施涂油礼.  2 [Cn.n] show that (sb) has taken high office by doing this 施涂油礼以示（某人）已就高职: The high priest anointed him king. 大祭司施涂油礼, 以示他已成为国王./əˈnɒmələs; ə`nɑmələs/ adj different from what is normal; irregular 异常的; 不规则的: He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time worker in the firm. 他与众不同, 是公司里唯一的兼职人员.adv./əˈnɒməlɪ; ə`nɑməlɪ/ n anomalous thing; irregularity 异常的事物; 不合规则: the many anomalies in the tax system 税务制度中的多种异常现象./əˈnɒn; ə`nɑn/ adv (dated or joc 旧或谑)  1 soon 不久: See you anon. 再会.  2 (idm 习语) ever and anon => ever.

/əˈnɒn; ə`nɑn/ abbr 缩写 = (usu at the end of a piece of writing, etc 常用于一篇文字等的末端) (by an) anonymous (author) （作者为）无名氏./ˌænəˈnɪmətɪ; ˌænə`nɪmətɪ/ n [U] state of being anonymous 无名; 匿名; 作者不明./əˈnɒnɪməs; ə`nɑnəməs/ adj  1 with a name that is not known or not made public 不知姓名的; 名字不公开的: an anonymous donor, buyer, benefactor, etc 不透露姓名的捐赠者, 购买者, 捐助者等 * The author wishes to remain anonymous. 作者希望姓名不公开.  2 written or given by sb who does not reveal his name 匿名的; 不具名的: an anonymous letter, message, gift, phone call 匿名信, 不具名的信息, 无名氏的礼物, 未留名的电话. adv./əˈnɒfɪliːz; ə`nɑfəˌliz/ n mosquito of the type that spreads malaria 疟蚊./ˈænərk; `ænəˌræk/ n (usu waterproof) hooded jacket worn as a protection against rain, wind and cold （通常为防水的）带风帽外套（可挡雨, 挡风, 御寒的）./ˌænəˈreksɪə; ˌænə`rɛksɪə/ n [U] (medical 医)  1 loss of the wish to eat 厌食; 食欲丧失.  2 (also anorexia nervosa / n\:5vEUsE; nL`vosE/) mental illness that causes abnormal fear of eating and thus leads to dangerous loss of weight 神经性厌食症./ˌænəˈreksɪk; ˌænə`rɛksɪk/ (also anorectic) / -5rektIk; -`rZktIk/ n, adj (person who is) suffering from anorexia nervosa 神经性厌食症的（患者）./əˈnʌðə(r); ə`nʌðɚ/ indef det  1 an additional (person or thing) 再加上一个的（人或事物）; 又一; 再一: Would you like another cup of tea? 你要再来一杯茶吗? * She's going to have another baby. 她又快有孩子了. * In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就完了.  2 a different (person or thing) 不是同一个的（人或事物）; 另一: We can do it another time. 我们可以下次再做. * She's got another boy-friend. 她又有了一个男朋友. * That's quite another matter. 那完全是另一回事. * This pen doesn't work  can you give me another one? 这枝钢笔不行--你能另给我一枝吗?  3 a similar (person or thing) 类似的（人或事物）: Can he be another Einstein?他能成为另一个爱因斯坦吗?pron  1 an additional person or thing 另一个人或事物: Can I have another? 我能再来一个吗? * Not another! 别再来一个! * Suddenly the letters started arriving  another of them came today. 突然信件都来了--今天又来了一封.  2 a different person or thing 不是同一个人或事物: I don't like this room  let's ask for another. 我不喜欢这间屋子--咱们另要一间吧.  3 a similar person or thing 类似的人或事物: Shakespeare is the greatest English writer  will there ever be such another? 莎士比亚是最伟大的英国文豪--还能有这样的人物吗?abbr 缩写 = answer./ˈɑːnsə(r); <i>US</i> ˈænsər; `ænsɚ/ n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 thing said, written or done as a response or reaction; reply 回答; 应答; 答覆: The answer he gave was quite surprising. 他的回答出人意外. * Have you had an answer to your letter? 你那封信有回音了没有? * I rang the bell but there was no answer. 我按了铃, 却没有人应门.  2 solution to a problem, difficulty, etc （难题, 困难等的）解决办法, 答案: This could be the answer to all our problems. 这或许就是我们全部问题的解决办法. * Who knows the answer to this question? 谁知道这个问题的答案? * The answer to 3  17 is 51.  3  17的答案是51.  3 (idm 习语) a dusty answer => dusty. have/know all the answers (often derog 常作贬义) know a great deal about sth 对某事物所知甚详: He thinks he knows all the answers. 他自以为什么都懂. in answer (to sth) as a reply 作为回应: The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call. 医生一接到我的电话立刻就来了.

/ˈɑːnsə(r); <i>US</i> ˈænsər; `ænsɚ/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tf, Dn.n] say, write or do sth in response to (sb/sth) 回答; 答覆: Think carefully before you answer. 先仔细想一想再回答. * answer the question, the teacher, the invitation 回 答问题, 老师, 邀请 * answer the door, ie open the door after sb has knocked or rung the bell 应门（有人敲门或按门铃後去开门） * answer the telephone, ie pick up the receiver and speak to the person who is calling 接电话; 听电话 * My prayers have been answered, ie I have got what I wanted. 我的祈祷已经应验了（我已得偿所愿）. * Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救. * (fml 文) How do you answer the charge? 你怎样答辩? * She answered that she preferred to eat alone. 她回答说她愿意独自吃. * Can you answer me this? 你能回答我这一点吗? Cf 参看 reply.  2 [Tn] be suitable for (sth); satisfy 适合, 符合（某事物）; 满意: answer sb's purpose/needs/requirements 符合某人的目的[需要/要求].  3 (idm 习语) answer to the description (of sb/sth) correspond to or match the description (of sb/sth) 与描述的（人或事物）相符合: The photograph answers to the description of the wanted man. 这张照片与通缉人相符. answer to the name of sth (infml or joc 口或谑) (esp of a pet animal) have the name of sth; be called sth （尤指宠爱的动物）名叫, 叫作: My dog answers to the name of Spot. 我的狗的名字叫小花.  4 (phr v) answer back defend oneself against sth written or said about one 为自己辩护; 辩白: It's wrong of the press to publish articles attacking the Queen when she can't answer back. 新闻界发表文章抨击女王是不对的, 因为她不能辩白. answer (sb) back speak rudely or cheekily (to sb), esp when being criticized oneself 反驳; 回嘴; 顶嘴; 还口: He's a rude little boy, always answering his mother back. 他是个没礼貌的孩子, 总和母亲顶嘴. answer for sb/sth (a) be responsible for or blamed for sth 对某事物负责; 为某事物受责: He has a lot to answer for. 他要负责很多事情. * You will have to answer for your crimes one day. 你总有一天要因为你的罪行而得到报应的. (b) speak on behalf of sb or in support of sth 代表某人或支持某事物而讲话: I agree but I can't answer for my colleagues. 我同意, 但是我不能代表我的同事们. * Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty, ie can guarantee that she is honest. 我很了解她, 当然能担保她诚实. answer to sb (for sth) be responsible to sb 向某人负责; 对某人承担责任: Who do you answer to in your new job? 你做的新工作要向谁负责? * You will answer to me for any damage to the car. 这辆汽车有任何损坏, 你要对我承担责任. answer to sth be controlled by sth 由某事物控制: The plane answered smoothly to the controls. 这架飞机操纵自如./ˈɑːnsərəbl; `ænsɚəbl/ adj  1 that can be answered 可回答的; 可答覆的.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb (for sth) responsible to sb 向某人承担责任; 向某人负责; 对某人承担後果: I am answerable to the company for the use of this equipment. 我要向公司承担使用这一设备的责任./ˈɑːnsəfəʊn; <i>US</i> ˈæns-; `ænsɚˌfon/ n device that automatically answers telephone calls and records any message left by the caller 电话录音机./ænt; ænt/ n  1 any of several types of very small insect that live in highly organized groups and work very hard 蚂蚁.  2 (idm 习语) have ants in one's pants (infml 口) be very restless or excited about sth 坐立不安.n any of various types of animal that feed on ants 食蚁兽./æntˈæsɪd; ænt`æsɪd/ n [C, U], adj (substance) that prevents or reduces acidity in the stomach 解酸的（药剂）; 抗酸的（药剂）: I need an/some antacid to cure my indigestion. 我需要一种[一些]解酸药医治消化不良.=> antagonize/ænˈtægənɪzəm; æn`tæˇəˌnɪzəm/ n[C, U] ~ (against/for/to/towards sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) active opposition or hostility, esp between two people 对立, 对抗, 敌对（尤指两人之间）: The antagonism he felt towards his old enemy was still very strong. 他对旧冤家的敌对情绪仍然很大. * You could sense the antagonism between them. 你能觉察出他们之间有对立情绪./ænˈtægənɪst; æn`tæˇəˌnɪst/ n person who actively opposes sb/sth; adversary 对抗者; 对手; 敌手./ænˌtægəˈnɪstɪk; ænˌtæˇə`nɪstɪk/ adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing or feeling antagonism; hostile 对抗的; 敌对的: He's always antagonistic towards new ideas. 他总是抗拒新思想. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ænˈtægənaɪz; æn`tæˇəˌnaɪz/ v [Tn] arouse hostility in (sb); annoy 引起（某人）的对抗; 骚扰: It would be dangerous to antagonize him. 招惹他可危险./ænˈtɑːktɪk; ænt`ɑrktɪk/ adj of the regions around the South Pole 南极的. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图./ˈæntɪ; `æntɪ/ n stake in poker2, etc that a player must make before receiving new cards （打扑克等再要牌前所下的）赌注: raise/up the ante, ie increase one's stake 加大赌注.

v  1 [Tn] make (sth) as an ante 下（赌注）.  2 (phr v) ante up (esp US) make a stake or payment 下赌注; 付款.pref 前缀 (with ns, adjs and vs 加于名词, 形容词, 动词前) (of time or position) before; in front of （指时间或位置）在...之前; 在...的前面: ante-room * antenatal * antedate. Cf 参看 post-, pre-./ˈæntɪrʊm, -ruːm; `æntɪˌrum/ (also antechamber) n room leading into a larger or more important room; waiting-room （通入大厅或正室的）前厅, 前室, 接待室.n [U] (fml 文) priority 居先; 在先./ˌæntɪˈsiːdnt; ˌæntə`sidnt/ n  1 [C] (fml 文) thing or circumstance that is or comes before another 前事; 前情.  2 [C] (grammar) word or phrase to which a following word, esp a relative pronoun, refers 先行词: `Which proves I'm right' is not clear unless we know the antecedent of `which'. `Which proves I'm right' 意思不清楚, 必须要知道which这一先行词所指为何才行.  3 antecedents [pl] person's ancestors or past life 祖先; 身世; 经历.

adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) previous 先前的./ˈæntɪtʃeɪmbə(r); `æntɪˌtʃembɚ/ n (fml 文) = ante-room./ˌæntɪˈdeɪt; `æntɪˌdet/ (also pre-date) v [Tn]  1 put an earlier date on (a document, letter, etc) than the one at the time of writing （在文件, 信件等上面）写上比实际书写日期早的日期: an antedated cheque 填有比实际日期早的支票.  2 be before (sth/sb) in time 先于, 早于（某事物[某人]）: This event antedates the discovery of America by several centuries. 这件事比发现美洲早几个世纪. Cf 参看 post-date./ˌæntɪdɪˈluːvɪən; ˌæntɪdɪ`luvɪən/ adj  1 of the time before Noah's Flood 挪亚洪水以前的.  2 (infml or joc 口或谑) completely out of date; old-fashioned 完全过时的; 旧式的: His ideas are positively antediluvian! 他的思想是纯粹的老古董!/ˈæntɪləʊp; `æntlˌop/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 antelopes) any of various types of animal resembling a deer, with thin legs and able to run very fast, found esp in Africa 羚羊./ˌæntɪˈneɪtl; ˌæntɪ`netl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) existing or occurring before birth; pre-natal 出生前的; 胎儿期的: Antenatal complications can affect a baby's health. 胎儿期并发症能影响婴儿的健康. (b) for pregnant women 为孕妇的: antenatal clinics 产前检查所. Cf 参看 postnatal.

n medical examination of a pregnant woman 产前检查./ænˈtenə; æn`tɛnə/ n  1 (pl -nae / -ni:; -ni/) either of a pair of flexible sensitive organs on the heads of insects, crustaceans, etc; feeler 触角; 触须. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图.  2 (pl ~s) (US) = aerial1 （无线电或电视的）天线./ˌæntɪpɪˈnʌltɪmət; ˌæntɪpɪ`nʌltəmət/ adj third from last 倒数第三的: The main stress in `photography' falls on the antepenultimate syllable. photography一字的主重音在倒数第三个音节上./ænˈtɪərɪə(r); æn`tɪrɪɚ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) coming before in position or time; nearer the front 前面的; 先前的; 较靠近前方的. Cf 参看 posterior./ˈænθəm; `ænθəm/ n short musical composition, usu for a choir and an organ, to be sung in religious services, often with words taken from the Bible 圣歌（通常为短小的合唱曲, 用管风琴伴奏, 于宗教礼拜时演唱, 歌词多取自《圣经》词句）. Cf 参看 motet./ˈænθə(r); `ænθɚ/ n (botany 植) part of the stamen of a flower that contains the pollen 花药（花的雄蕊上带花粉的部分）.n mound of earth, etc formed by ants over their nest 蚁冢; 蚁丘./ænˈθɒlədʒɪst; æn`θɑlədʒɪst/ n person who compiles an anthology 选集的编选者./ænˈθɒlədʒɪ; æn`θɑlədʒɪ/ n collection of poems or pieces of prose on the same subject or by the same writer （同一主题或同一作者的）诗集, 文集, 选集: an anthology of love poetry 情诗集./ˈænθrəsaɪt; `ænθrəˌsaɪt/ n [U] very hard form of coal that burns with little smoke or flame 无烟煤./ˈænθrks; `ænθræks/ n [U] infectious, often fatal, disease of sheep and cattle that can be transmitted to people 炭疽（牛羊的传染病, 常可致命, 也可传给人）.comb form 构词成分 of human beings 人; 人类: anthropomorphic * anthropology./ˈænθrəpɔɪd; `ænθrəˌpɔɪd/ adj man-like in form （形体）似人的: anthropoid ancestors of modern man 现代人的类人祖先.

n any of a group of apes that have no tails and resemble man, eg the chimpanzee or the gorilla 类人猿（如黑猩猩或大猩猩）./ˌænθrəpəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌænθrəpə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj./ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst; ˌænθrə`pɑlədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in anthropology 人类学者; 人类学家./ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ; ˌænθrə`pɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] study of mankind, esp of its origins, development, customs and beliefs 人类学（对人类的研究, 尤指研究其起源, 发展, 风俗, 信仰）. Cf 参看 ethnology, sociology./ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfɪk; ˌænθrəpə`mɔrfɪk/ adj treating gods, animals, etc as human in form and personality 拟人化的（把神, 动物等看作具有人的形体及人格的）. /ˌnθrəpəˈmɔːfɪzəm; ˌænθrəpə`mɔrfɪzəm/ n [U]./ˈæntɪ; `æntɪ/ prep in opposition to (sb/sth); against 反对（某人[某事物]）; 反: They're completely anti the new proposals. 他们完全反对新的提议. Cf 参看 pro1.(also ant-) pref 前缀 (used widely with ns and adjs 可与很多名词和形容词结合)  1 opposed to; against 反对; 反: anti-aircraft * anti-personnel. Cf 参看 pro-.  2 opposite of ...的对立面: anti-hero * anticlimactic.  3 preventing 防止; 阻止; 抗: antiseptic * antifreeze * antacid.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Anti- and counter- both have the meaning of `opposed to'. *anti-和counter-都有‘反...’之意. Anti- suggests an attitude of opposition *anti-指反对的态度: anti-war literature 反战文学 *  the anti-nuclear campaign 反核子运动; while counter- refers to an action taken to prevent or respond to something *counter-指为防止某事物或针对某事物而采取的行动: counter-espionage activities 反间谍而进行的活动 * counter-revolution 反革命./ˌæntɪ ˈeəkrɑːft; <i>US</i> -krft; ˌæntɪ`ɛrˌkræft/ adj designed to destroy enemy aircraft 歼击敌机的; 防空的: anti-aircraft guns, missiles, etc 高射炮, 对空导弹等./ˌæntɪdɪˈpresnt; ˌæntɪdɪ`prɛsənt/ n, adj (drug) that reduces depression (1) 抗抑郁的（药物）: She's been taking/on anti-depressants since her baby died. 从她的婴儿死亡以後, 她就一直服用抗抑郁药./ˈæntɪ hɪərəʊ; ˌæntɪ`hɪro/ n (pl ~es) central character in a story or drama who lacks the qualities usu associated with a hero, such as courage and dignity 反主角（小说或戏剧中缺乏主角通常所具有的气质的主角, 如缺乏勇气与尊严）./ˌæntɪ ˌpɜːsəˈnel; ˌæntɪˌpɝsə`nɛl/ adj (of bombs, explosives, etc) designed to kill or injure people, not to destroy property, vehicles, etc （指炸弹, 炸药等）杀伤性的（旨在杀伤人而不在摧毁物资, 车辆等）./ˌæntɪ ˈsiːmaɪt; <i>US</i> ˈsem-; ˌæntɪ`sɛmaɪt/ n person who hates Jews 反对犹太人的人. /ˌæntɪ sɪˈmɪtɪk; ˌæntɪsə`mɪtɪk/ adj. /ˌæntɪ ˈsemɪtɪzəm; ˌæntɪ`sɛməˌtɪzəm/ n [U]./ˌæntɪˈtŋk; ˌæntɪ`tæŋk/ adj [attrib 作定语] designed to destroy enemy tanks 反坦克的: 反坦克导弹./ˌæntɪbəlɪstɪk ˈmɪsaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈmɪsl; ˌæntɪbə`lɪstɪk `mɪsl/ rocket designed to destroy another in the air 反弹道导弹./ˌæntɪbaɪˈɒtɪk; ˌæntɪbaɪ`ɑtɪk/ n, adj (substance, eg penicillin) that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria 抗菌素, 抗生素（如青霉素）; 抗菌的; 抗生的./ˈæntɪbɒdɪ; `æntɪˌbɑdɪ/ n substance formed in the blood in response to harmful bacteria, etc, which it then attacks and destroys 抗体（血液中形成的抵抗并杀死病菌的物质）: Our bodies produce antibodies to counteract disease. 我们的身体能产生抗体以抵抗疾病./ˈæntɪk; `æntɪk/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) absurd or exaggerated movement or behaviour intended to amuse people （为引起观众发笑而作出的）滑稽的或夸张的动作: laughing at the clown's silly antics 因小丑笨拙的动作而发笑./ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt; æn`tɪsəˌpet/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] expect (sth) 期望, 预料（某事物）: Do you anticipate (meeting) any trouble? 你预料会有麻烦吗? * We anticipate that demand is likely to increase. 我们预料需求可能增加.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] see (what is going to happen or what needs to be done) and act accordingly 预见到（要发生的事或需要做的事）而采取措施: She anticipates all her mother's needs. 她预见到母亲的一切需要而事先做好安排. * Anticipating that it would soon be dark, they all took torches. 他们预见到天快黑了, 就都带上了手电筒. * A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do. 善战的将领能预知敌军动向而作好战斗部署.  3 [Tn, Tsg] (fml 文) do (sth) before it can be done by sb else; forestall (sb/sth) 先（于别人而）做（某事）; 抢先于（某人[某事物]）: When Scott reached the South Pole he found Amundsen had anticipated him. 当斯科特抵达南极的时候, 发现阿蒙森比他到得更早. * Earlier explorers probably anticipated Columbus's discovery of America. 早期的探险家可能在哥伦布之前已发现美洲. * We anticipated their (making a) complaint by writing a full report. 我们没等他们（提出）投诉而抢先写好了一份详尽的报告.  4 [Tn, Tsg] (fml 文) deal with or use (sth) before the right or natural time 预先处理或提前使用（某事物）: anticipate one's income, ie spend money before receiving it 提前使用进款. /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtərɪ; æn`tɪsəpəˌtorɪ/ adj (fml 文): anticipatory precautions 预先的防范./ˌæntɪklaɪˈmæktɪk; ˌæntɪklaɪ`mæktɪk/ adj (fml 文)./ˌæntɪˈklaɪmæks; ˌæntɪ`klaɪmæks/ n disappointing end to a series of events which had seemed likely to become more interesting, exciting or impressive 令人扫兴的结局: The holiday itself was rather an anticlimax after all the excitement of planning it. 尽管计划度假时兴致勃勃, 而到头来假日本身却颇为扫兴. /ˌæntɪˈklɒkwaɪz; ˌæntɪ`klɑkwaɪz/ (also esp US counter-clockwise) adv, adj in the direction opposite to the movements of the hands of a clock 逆时针方向（的）: Turn the key anti`clockwise/in an,anticlockwise di`rection. 逆时针方向转动钥匙. Cf 参看 clockwise (clock1)./ˌæntɪˈsaɪkləʊn; ˌæntɪ`saɪklon/ n area in which atmospheric pressure is high, producing fine and settled weather, with an outward flow of air 反气旋; 高气压区. Cf 参看 depression./ˈæntɪdəʊt; `æntɪˌdot/ n ~ (against/for/to sth)  1 substance that acts against the effects of a poison or disease 解毒药; 解毒剂: an antidote against snake-bites, malaria, food poisoning 蛇咬, 疟疾, 食物中毒的解毒药.  2 (fig 比喻) anything that counteracts sth unpleasant 抵销不愉快事物的任何事物: The holiday was a marvellous antidote to the pressures of office work. 那个假日是消除上班工作压力的灵丹妙药./ˈæntɪfriːz; ˌæntɪ`friz/ n [U] substance added to water to lower its freezing point, eg as used in the radiator of a motor vehicle 防冻剂, 抗凝剂（加于水中以降低其冰点, 如用于机动车辆的散热器中者）./ˈæntɪdʒən; `æntədʒən/ n [U] (medical 医) substance which, when it is put into the body, causes it to produce antibodies 抗原（进入机体後能诱发机体产生抗体的物质）./ˌæntɪˈhɪstəmiːn; ˌæntɪ`hɪstəmin/ n [C, U] (medical 医) any of a variety of drugs used to treat allergies 抗组胺剂, 抗组织胺药（用于医治变应性反应的多种药物）./ˌæntɪˈlɒgərɪðəm; <i>US</i> -ˈlɔːg-; ˌæntɪ`lɔˇəˌrɪðəm/ (also antilog / 5ntIlCg; ?@ -lR:g; `AntIlR^/) n (mathematics 数) number to which a logarithm belongs 反对数; 逆对数: 1000, 100 and 10 are the antilogarithms of 3, 2 and 1.  1000, 100, 10是3, 2, 1的反对数./ˌæntɪˈpɜːspərənt; ˌæntɪ`pɝspərənt/ n [C, U] substance that prevents or reduces perspiration, esp under the arms 防汗剂, 止汗剂（尤指对于腋下的汗）./ænˈtɪpədiːz; æn`tɪpəˌdiz/ n [pl]  1 places on opposite sides of the earth to each other 对趾地（地球两边正相反的地区）.  2 the Antipodes the Australasian regions in relation to Europe 澳大拉西亚地区（与欧洲相反）./ˌæntɪˈkweərɪən; ˌæntɪ`kwɛrɪən/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, for or concerning the study, collection or sale of antiques, esp old or rare books 研究, 搜集或出售古物的（尤指古籍或珍本书）: an antiquarian bookseller 古籍商.  

n = antiquary./ˈæntɪkwərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈæntɪkwerɪ; `æntɪˌkwɛrɪ/ (also antiquarian) n person who studies, collects or sells antiques 研究, 搜集或出售古物的人./ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd; `æntəˌkwetɪd/ adj  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of things) out of date, obsolete （指事物）过时的, 废弃的.  2 (of people, ideas, etc) old-fashioned （指人, 思想等）旧式的./ænˈtiːk; æn`tik/ adj  1 (a) belonging to the distant past 古时的. (b) existing since old times 自古就有的.  2 valuable because of age and rarity （因古老和稀少而）珍贵的. =>Usage at old 用法见old.

n object, eg a piece of furniture or a work of art, that is old and valuable, esp one that is of interest to collectors 文物; 古董; 古玩: [attrib 作定语] an antique shop, ie one that sells antiques 古玩店./ænˈtɪkwətɪ; æn`tɪkwətɪ/ n  1 [U] ancient times, esp before the Middle Ages 古代（尤指中世纪前）: the heroes of antiquity 古代的英雄.  2 [U] great age 久远的年代: Athens is a city of great antiquity. 雅典是一座古城.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] object that dates from ancient times 古物; 古迹: a museum full of Greek and Roman antiquities, eg coins, pottery, sculptures 有很多希腊和罗马古物的博物馆./ˌæntɪˈraɪnəm; ˌæntɪ`raɪnəm/ (also snapdragon) n (botany 植) type of garden flower with bag-shaped petals which open when pressed 金鱼草（一种园圃花, 有袋形花瓣, 受压而张开, 俗称龙头花）./ˌæntɪˈseptɪk; ˌæntə`sɛptɪk/ n [C, U] substance that prevents a wound, etc from becoming septic, esp by destroying bacteria 防腐剂; 消毒剂; 抗菌剂: Have you got any antiseptic for this cut? 这个伤口你消毒了吗? > antiseptic adj  1 preventing infection by destroying bacteria 防腐的; 消毒的; 抗菌的.  2 thoroughly clean and free from bacteria 消过毒的; 无菌的: an ,antiseptic `bandage 消毒绷带./ˌæntɪˈsəʊʃl; ˌæntɪ`soʃəl/ adj  1 opposed or harmful to the laws and customs of an organized community 反社会的（反对或妨害法律与风俗习惯的）: It is antisocial to leave one's litter in public places. 在公众场所遗弃杂物是妨害公众利益的.  2 avoiding the company of others; unsociable 避免社交的; 不合群的:,antisocial be`haviour 不爱交际的行为 * It's rather antisocial of you not to come to the party. 你不参加这个聚会就有些不合群了./ænˈtɪθəsɪs; æn`tɪθəsɪs/ n (pl -ses / n5tIWEsi:z; n`tIWE9siz/)  1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of/to sth/sb) direct opposite 正相反; 对立: Slavery is the antithesis of freedom. 奴役与自由是对立的. (b) [U] ~ (of sth to sth); ~ (between A and B) contrast; opposition 对照; 相反: The style of his speech was in complete antithesis to mine. 他和我的讲话方式完全相反.  2 [C, U] contrast of ideas marked by the choice and arrangement of words 对语; 对句; 对偶; 对照: `Give me liberty, or give me death' is an example of antithesis. ‘不自由, 毋宁死’是对语的一个例子. /æntɪˈθetɪk; æntɪ`θɛtɪk/, antithetical / -Ikl; -Ikl/ adjs. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌæntɪˈtɒksɪn; ˌæntɪ`tɑksɪn/ n [C, U] substance that acts against a poisonous substance and prevents it from having a harmful effect 抗毒素（抵抗有毒物质并防止其产生有害作用的物质）./ˈæntlə(r); `æntlɚ/ n branched horn of a stag or of some other deer 鹿角: a fine pair of antlers 一对完美的鹿角. =>illus at deer 见deer之插图. adj./ˈæntənɪm; `æntəˌnɪm/ n word that is opposite in meaning to another 反义词: `Old' has two possible antonyms: `young' and `new'. `Old'有两个反义词榶`young'和 `new'. Cf 参看 synonym./ˈeɪnəs; `enəs/ n (pl ~es) (anatomy 解) opening at the end of the alimentary canal, through which waste matter passes out of the body 肛门. =>illus at digestive system 见digestive system之插图. /ˈænvɪl; `ænvɪl/ n  1 iron block on which a smith shapes heated metal by hammering it 铁砧.  2 (anatomy 解) one of the bones in the ear 砧骨. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图./æŋˈzaɪətɪ; æŋ`zaɪətɪ/ n  1 (a) [U] troubled feeling in the mind caused by fear and uncertainty about the future 忧虑; 担心; 焦虑: We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety. 我们等待着消息, 越来越焦急. * He caused his parents great anxiety by cycling long distances alone. 他独自骑自行车远行, 父母非常担心. (b) [C] instance of such a feeling 忧虑; 担心; 焦虑: The anxieties of the past week had left her exhausted. 上星期把她愁得没精打彩. * The doctor's report removed all their anxieties. 医生的报告消除了他们的一切忧虑.  2 [U] ~ for sth/to do sth strong desire or eagerness for sth/to do sth 渴望; 热望: anxiety to please 急于讨好./ˈæŋkʃəs; `æŋkʃəs/ adj  1 ~ (about/for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy 忧虑的; 担忧的; 不安的: an anxious mother 焦虑不安的母亲 * I am very anxious about my son's health. 我非常担心儿子的健康. * He was anxious for his family, who were travelling abroad. 他担心在国外旅行的家眷.  2 [attrib 作定语] causing anxiety 引起忧虑的; 令人担心的: We had a few anxious moments before landing safely. 我们在安全着陆以前, 感到阵阵忧虑.  3 ~ for sth/(for sb) to do sth/that... strongly wishing sth; eager for sth 渴望某事物; 急切想要某事物: anxious for their safety 悬望他们平安无事 * anxious to meet you/for his brother to meet you 渴望见到你[他的弟弟见到你] * They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly. 他们盼望援助物品迅速送到. adv./ˈenɪ; `ɛnɪ/ indef det  1 (used in negative sentences and in questions; after if/whether; after hardly, never, without, etc; and after such vs as prevent, ban, avoid, forbid 用于否定句及疑问句; 用于if/whether之後; 用于hardly never without等之後; 用于prevent ban avoid forbid一类动词之後) (a) (used with [U] ns 与不可数名词连用) an unspecified amount of 任何量的: I didn't eat any meat. 我一点儿肉都没吃. * Do you know any French? 你会法语吗? * There was hardly any free time. 简直没有什么空闲时间. * We did the job without any difficulty. 我们毫不费力就做完了工作. * To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为免延误, 请直接打电话预订. * It didn't seem to be any distance (ie It seemed a very short distance) to the road. 那条路似乎没多远. (b) (used with plural [C] ns 与复数可数名词连用) an unspecified number of (people or things) 任何数目的（人或物）: I haven't read any books by Tolstoy. 我没看过托尔斯泰的书. * Are there any stamps in that drawer? 那抽屉  有邮票吗? * I wonder whether Mr Black has any roses in his garden. 我不知道布莱克先生的花园  有没有玫瑰. * You can't go out without any shoes. 不穿鞋就不能出去. * They bought a dog to prevent any burglaries. 他们买了条狗以防盗贼.  Cf 参看 some1.  2 (a) (used with singular [C] ns 与单数可数名词连用) one out of a number, (the particular choice being unimportant) 任一（哪一个并不重要）: Take any book you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本. * Give me a pen  any pen will do. 给我一枝钢笔--哪枝都行. * Phone me any day next week. 下星期的任何一天给我打个电话. (b) (used with singular [C] ns in negative sentences or sentences implying doubt or negation; also used after if/whether 用于否定句或有疑问或否定含义的句中, 与单数可数名词连用; 亦用于if/whether之後) a; one 一个: Hasn't it got any tail? 它有尾巴吗? * I can't see any door in this room. 我看不到这房间有门.  3 every; no matter which 每一个; 无论哪个: Any fool could tell you that. 连傻瓜都知道. * You'll find me here at any hour of the day. 你可以看到我整天任何时候都在这  . * Any train from this platform stops at Gatwick. 从这一月台开出的火车都在盖特威克停. * They want any money you can spare. 你有多少闲钱他们都要.  4 (used in negative sentences and after if/whether 用于否定句及if/whether之後) a normal; an ordinary 平常的; 普通的; 一般的: This isn't any old bed  it belonged to Shakespeare. 这可不是一般的旧床--是莎士比亚的. * If it were any ordinary paint you would need two coats. 若是普通颜料就要涂两层. * She isn't just any woman  she's the Queen. 她并非寻常妇女--她是女王.

/ˈenɪ; `ɛnɪ/ indef pron  1 (used in negative sentences and in questions; after if/whether; and after hardly, never, without, etc 用于否定句及疑问句; 用于if/whether之後; 用于hardly, never, without等词之後) an unspecified amount or number 任何的数量. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): I can't give you any. 我一点儿也不能给你. * Have you got any? 你有吗? (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): She didn't spend any of the money. 这钱她一点儿都没花. * If he had read any of those books he would have known the answer. 他假若看了这些书中的任何一本, 就知道答案了. * He returned home without any of the others. 没有任何人和他一起回家.  2 one single example 一例: If you recognize `any of the people in the photograph, tell us. 你若能认出照片中的任何人, 就告诉我们.  Cf 参看 some3.  3 (idm 习语) sb isn't `having any (infml 口) sb isn't interested or does not agree 某人不感兴趣或不同意: I tried to get her to talk about her divorce but she wasn't having any. 我想引她谈谈她离婚的事, 但她不愿意说.

/ˈenɪ; `ɛnɪ/ indef adv (used with faster, slower, better, etc, in questions and after if/whether 用于疑问句中, 与faster, slower, better等连用; 用于if/whether之後) to any degree; at all 在任何程度上; 丝毫: I can't run any faster. 我无法跑得更快了. * Is your father any better at all? 你父亲有些好转吗? * If it were any further we wouldn't be able to get there. 假使再远一些, 我们就到不了了. * I can't afford to spend any more on food. 用在食物上的钱, 再多一点儿我也花不起了. * The children didn't behave any too well, ie They behaved rather badly. 孩子们的表现并未见好.any further; now, or any longer starting from now 再; 更; 还; 目前; 现在; 今後: She doesn't live here any more. 她已不在这里住了.whatever time you like 随便什么时候: Come round any time. 什么时候来都可以./ˈenɪbɒdɪ; `ɛnɪˌbɑdɪ/ (also anyone) indef pron  1 any person 任何人: Did anybody see you? 有人看见你了吗? * Hardly anybody came. 几乎没有人来. * Anybody who saw the accident should phone the police. 见到这一事故的人应打电话通知警方. * He left without speaking to anyone else. 他未和任何人打招呼就离开了.  2 one person out of many (the choice being unimportant) 其中任何一人（是谁并不重要）: Anybody will tell you where the bus stop is. 谁都能告诉你公共汽车站在哪  . * Ask anyone in your class. 问问你们同班的人.  3 (in negative sentences 用于否定句) any person of importance 任何重要的人: She wasn't anybody before she got that job. 她得到那份工作以前并非重要人物./ˈenɪhaʊ; `ɛnɪˌhaᴜ/ indef adv  1 carelessly; unsystematically 随随便便地; 杂乱无章地: The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow. 书都乱放在书架上. * He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那页上胡乱作了些笔记.  2 (also anyway) whatever the facts may be; in spite of this; at least 无论如何; 即使如此; 至少: It's too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了. * Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以试试./ˈenɪwʌn; `ɛnɪˌwʌn/ indef pron = anybody.(US) = anywhere./ˈenɪθɪŋ; `ɛnɪˌθɪŋ/ indef pron  1 any thing 任何事物: Did she tell you anything interesting? 她跟你说过什么有趣的事吗? * There's never anything worth watching on TV. 电视上从来没有值得看的节目. * If you remember anything at all, please let us know. 你要是想起什么来, 就告诉我们.  2 any thing of importance 任何重要的事物: Is there anything (ie any truth) in these rumours? 这些谣传中有真事吗?  3 something (its exact nature being unimportant) 某事物（其确切性质并不重要）: I'm very hungry  I'll eat anything. 我饿极了--什么都能吃. * Anything will do to sleep on. 什么东西都可以, 只要能在上面睡觉就行.  4 (idm 习语) anything but definitely not 绝对不: The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆太不让人满意了.  anything like sb/sth (infml 口) in any way similar(ly) 有些像: He isn't anything like my first boss. 他一点也不像我第一个老板. * The film wasn't anything like as good as ET. 这部电影一点都不如《外星人》那么好.  like `anything (infml 口) very much; very quickly, loudly, successfully, etc 非常; 十分迅速, 响亮, 成功等: The thief ran like anything when he heard the alarm. 那贼听到警铃声就飞快逃走了.  or anything (infml 口) (used to refer to similar examples 用以指相似的例子) or another thing similar to that mentioned （与所提到的）相似的另一事物: If you want to call a meeting or anything, put up a notice. 要想召集会议什么的, 就要出个通知./ˈenɪweɪ; `ɛnɪˌwe/ indef adv = anyhow 2./ˈenɪweə(r); <i>US</i> -hweər; `ɛnɪˌhwɛr/ (US also anyplace) indef adv  1 in, at or to any place 在, 向或到任何地方: I can't see it anywhere. 我在什么地方都见不到它. * If you want to go anywhere else, let me know. 你要到别的地方去, 就要告诉我.  2 one place out of many (the choice being unimportant) 任何一处（何处并不重要）: Put the box down anywhere. 把箱子放在哪里都行. * We can go anywhere you like. 你喜欢去哪里我们都可以去.

indef pron any place 任何地方: I haven't anywhere to stay. 我没有地方待. * Do you know anywhere (where) I can buy a second-hand typewriter? 你知道哪  能买到旧打字机吗?/eɪˈɔːtə; e`ɔrtə/ n main artery through which blood is carried from the left side of the heart 主动脉; 大动脉./əˈpeɪs; ə`pes/ adv (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) quickly 飞快地; 迅速地: Work is proceeding apace. 工作进展迅速./əˈpɑːt; ə`pɑrt/ adv  1 to or at a distance 相距; 相隔: The two houses stood 500 metres apart. 这两所房子相距500米. * The employers and the unions are still miles apart, ie are far from agreement. 雇主与工会之间仍有很大距离（远不能取得一致意见）.  2 to or on one side; aside 向一边; 在一边: She keeps herself apart from (ie does not mix with) other people. 她与别人保持距离（不与别人混在一起）.  3 separate(ly) 分开; 分离: You never see them apart these days. 他们近来形影不离. * He was standing with his feet wide apart. 他站在那儿, 两脚分开的距离很大. * These pages are stuck together  I can't pull them apart. 这几页都粘在一起了--我揭不开.  4 into pieces 成碎片: I'm sorry, the cup just came/fell apart in my hands. 很遗憾, 这个杯子竟在我手上碎了.  5 (idm 习语) be poles apart => pole1. joking apart=> joke. put/set sb/sth apart (from sb/sth) make sb/sth appear superior or unique 使某人[某事物]显得优越或独特: His use of language sets him apart from most other modern writers. 他对语言的运用在现代作家中别具一格.  a race apart => race. take sb/sth apart criticize sb/sth severely 严厉批评某人[某事物]: He took my essay apart but I found his criticism helpful. 他把我的文章狠狠地批评了一顿, 但我认为他的批评有好处.  take sth apart separate sth into pieces 拆开某物: John enjoys taking old clocks apart. 约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟.  tell/know A and B apart distinguish two people or things; recognize the difference between two people or things 能分辨两个人或两种事物; 能看出两个人或两种事物之间的区别. worlds apart => world. (also esp US aside from) prep  1 independently of (sth); except for 除了（某事物）以外...都, 全, 没, 没有等; 除去: Apart from his nose (Cf 参看 His nose apart) he's quite good-looking. 他除了鼻子以外, 哪儿都很好看.  2 in addition to (sth) 除了（某事物）以外...也, 还, 只等; 不止: Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. 他除了脸部和双手受伤以外, 两条腿也断了./əˈpɑːthaɪt, -heɪt; ə`pɑrtet/ n [U] (in S Africa)(official government policy of) racial segregation, separating Europeans and non-Europeans （南非）欧洲人与非欧洲人的种族隔离（的政府政策）./əˈpɑːtmənt; ə`pɑrtmənt/ n (abbr 缩写 apt)  1 (US) = flat1.  2 set of rooms, usu furnished and rented, esp for a holiday 一套房间（通常设有家具供出租, 尤指为度假用的）.  3 (often pl 常作复数) single room in a house, esp a large or famous one 厅堂; 殿堂: You can visit the whole palace except for the private apartments. 整个宫殿都可以参观, 只有内殿不开放.(Brit) (US a`partment house) block of flats 公寓./ˌæpəˈθetɪk; ˌæpə`θɛtɪk/ adj showing or feeling apathy 缺乏兴趣的; 无积极性的; 漠不关心的; 无动于衷的.  /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈæpəθɪ; `æpəθɪ/ n [U] ~ (towards sb/sth) lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern; indifference 缺乏兴趣; 无积极性; 漠不关心; 无动于衷: Extreme poverty had reduced them to a state of apathy. 极端的贫困使他们万念俱灰./eɪp; ep/ n  1 any of the four (usu tailless) primates (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, gibbon) most closely related to man 猿（通常指无尾猿, 即大猩猩, 黑猩猩, 猩猩或长臂猿）. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) go ape (sl 俚) start behaving crazily 变得狂热; 发疯似的.

v [Tn] imitate (sb/sth); mimic 学（某人[某事物]）的样; 模仿.n extinct creature intermediate between ape and man 猿人./əˈpɪərɪənt; ə`pɪrɪənt/ n [C, U], adj (fml 文) (medicine that is) laxative 轻泻的（药）; 通便的（药）./əˈperətɪf; <i>US</i> əˌperəˈtiːf; ə`pɛrəˌtif/ n alcoholic drink taken as an appetizer before a meal 开胃酒; 饭前酒./ˈæpətʃə(r); `æpɚtʃɚ/ n  1 narrow opening 窄孔; 隙缝.  2 (size of an) adjustable opening for admitting light into a camera （照相机的）光圈孔径（大小）: What aperture are you using? 你使用多大的光圈?/ˈeɪpeks; `epɛks/ n (pl ~es or apices / 5eIpIsi:z;`epI9siz/) top or highest point 顶点; 最高点: the apex of a triangle 三角形的顶点 * (fig 比喻) At 41 he'd reached the apex of his career. 他41岁时到达事业的顶峰./əˈfeɪzɪə; <i>US</i> -ʒə; ə`feʒə/ n [U] (medical 医) partial or total loss of ability to speak or understand spoken language, caused by damage to the brain 失语症（因脑部受损而部分或全部失去口语表达或理解的能力）.n, adj (person) suffering from aphasia 患失语症的（人）./ˈeɪfɪd; `efɪd/ n = aphis./ˈeɪfɪs; `efɪs/ (also aphid) n (pl aphides / 5eIfIdi:z; `efE9diz/) very small insect, eg greenfly, that is harmful to plants 蚜虫./ˈæfərɪzəm; `æfəˌrɪzəm/ n short wise saying; maxim 格言; 警句. /ˌfəˈrɪstɪk; ˌæfə`rɪstɪk/ adj./ˌæfrəˈdɪzɪk; ˌæfrə`dɪzɪˌæk/ n [C, U], adj (substance or drug) arousing sexual desire 激发性欲的（药物）; 催欲剂; 春药./ˈeɪpɪərɪst; `epɪərɪst/ n person who keeps bees 养蜂者./ˈeɪpɪərɪ; <i>US</i> -ɪerɪ; `epɪˌɛrɪ/ n place with a number of hives where bees are kept 养蜂场; 蜂房./əˈpiːs; ə`pis/ adv to, for or by each one of a group 每个; 每人; 各: three cakes apiece 每人三块蛋糕 * costing 50p apiece 每个50便士 * We wrote it together, a page apiece. 我们一起写的, 每人一页./ˈeɪpɪʃ; `epɪʃ/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 of or like an ape; stupid 猿的; 像猿的; 愚蠢的.  2 imitating sb in a foolish way 傻里傻气地模仿某人的: His apish devotion irritated her. 他那惺惺作态的愚忠使她恼火./əˈplɒm; ə`plɑm/ n [U] confidence and self-control; poise 自信; 沉着: She performs the duties of a princess with great aplomb. 她泰然自若地履行王妃的职责./əˈpɒkəlɪps; ə`pɑkəˌlɪps/ n  1 [C] revelation, esp about the future of the world （尤指关于世界未来的）启示.  2 the Apocalypse [sing] the last book in the Bible, recording the revelation of St John about the end of the world 启示录（《圣经》中最後一卷, 记录圣约翰关于世界末日的启示）.  3 [sing] event of great significance or violence similar to events in the Apocalypse 巨大事件（具有重大意义的事件或大动乱, 类似《启示录》中者）./əˌpɒkəˈlɪptɪk; əˌpɑkə`lɪptɪk/ adj prophesying great and dramatic events like those in the Apocalypse （像《启示录》中一样, 对巨大事件）有启示的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˈpɒkrɪfə; ə`pɑkrəfə/ n [sing v] those books of the Old Testament that were not accepted by Jews as part of the Hebrew Scriptures and were not included in the Protestant Bible at the Reformation 伪经（《旧约全书》中犹太人不予承认为希伯来《圣经》的经籍, 在宗教改革运动中也不予收入新教《圣经》中）./əˈpɒkrɪfl; ə`pɑkrəfəl/ adj not likely to be genuine; untrue or invented 不足凭信的; 伪的; 虚构的: Most of the stories about his private life are probably apocryphal. 有关他私生活的事可能大部分都是虚构的./ˈæpədʒiː; `æpəˌdʒi/ n  1 (astronomy 天) position in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a satellite when it is at its greatest distance from the earth 远地点（月球, 行星或卫星轨道上距离地球最远的点）.  2 (fig 比喻) highest or furthest point; climax 最高点; 最远点; 极点./ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkl; ˌepə`lɪtɪkl/ adj not interested or involved in politics 不关心政治的; 不涉及政治的./əˌpɒləˈdʒetɪk; əˌpɑlə`dʒɛtɪk/ adj ~ (about/for sth) feeling or expressing regret; making an apology 表示歉意的; 道歉的: an apologetic letter, voice 道歉信, 语气 * He was deeply apologetic about his late arrival. 他对迟到深表歉意./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.n [sing v] art or practice of defending ideas or beliefs (esp those of Christianity) by logical argument （尤指为捍卫基督教教义或信仰的）辩护; 护教学. Cf 参看 apology 2.=> apologize/əˈpɒlədʒɪst; ə`pɑlədʒɪst/ n person who defends a doctrine by logical argument （为某主义的）辩护者./əˈpɒlədʒaɪz; ə`pɑləˌdʒaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) make an apology; say one is sorry 道歉; 赔不是: I must apologize for not being able to meet you. 我因为没能接你而向你道歉. * Apologize to your sister! 给你姐姐赔个不是!/əˈpɒlədʒɪ; ə`pɑlədʒɪ/ n  1 ~ (to sb) (for sth) statement to say one is sorry for having done wrong or hurt sb's feelings 道歉; 谢罪; 认错: offer/ make/ accept an apology 道歉[致歉/接受道歉] * I made my apologies (to my host) and left early. 我（向主人）道过歉後提早离去.  2 (fml 文) explanation or defence (of beliefs, etc) （为信仰等的）辩解, 辩护. Cf 参看 apologetics (apologetic).  3 (idm 习语) an apology for sth inferior type of sth; poor replacement 低劣的某事物; 勉强的代用物: Please excuse this wretched apology for a meal. 请包涵这顿不像样的饭菜./ˈæpəθem; `æpəˌθɛm/ n short forceful saying expressing a general principle; maxim 格言; 箴言; 警句./ˌæpəˈplektɪk; ˌæpə`plɛktɪk/ adj  1 of or suffering from apoplexy （患）中风的; （患）卒中的: an apoplectic stroke/fit 中风的发作.  2 (infml 口) red in the face; easily made angry; very angry 脸红的; 易怒的; 大怒的: apoplectic with fury 勃然大怒./ˈæpəpleksɪ; `æpəˌplɛksɪ/ n [U] sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain 中风, 卒中（由脑血管栓塞或破裂而引起的突然失去知觉或瘫痪）. Cf 参看 stroke1 7./əˈpɒstəsɪ; ə`pɑstəsɪ/ n (a) [U] abandoning one's religious beliefs, principles, political party, etc 放弃宗教信仰; 背教; 变节; 脱党. (b) [C] instance of this 背教; 变节; 脱党./əˈpɒsteɪt; ə`pɑstet/ n person who renounces his former beliefs, etc 背教者; 变节者; 脱党者./əˈpɒsl; ə`pɑsl/ n  1 (also Apostle) any of the twelve men sent out by Christ to spread his teaching 使徒（基督为宣传他的教导而派出的十二位门徒之一）.  2 leader or teacher of a new faith or movement （新信仰或运动的）倡导者, 导师./ˌæpəˈstɒlɪk; ˌæpəs`tɑlɪk/ adj  1 of the Apostles or their teaching 使徒的; 使徒教导的.  2 of the Pope 教皇的. ,apostolic suc`cession the passing of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and other bishops 使徒统绪（神权自使徒传至教皇及其他主教的一脉相承）./əˈpɒstrəfɪ; ə`pɑstrəfɪ/ n sign (') used to show that one or more letters or numbers have been omitted (as in can't for cannot, I'm for I am, '76 for 1976, etc), the possessive form of nouns (as in the boy's/boys' meaning of the boy/boys), and the plural of letters (as in There are two l's in `bell') 撇号（'）（可作省字符, 用以表示字母或数字的省略, 如can't为cannot之略, I'm为I am之略, '76为1976之略; 亦可作名词所有格符号, 如The boy's/boys'意为 of the boy/boys; 也可用以构成字母的复数形式, 如在 there are two l's in `bell' 一句中的bell一字有两个 l）. =>App 3 见附录3.

/əˈpɒstrəfɪ; ə`pɑstrəfɪ/ n (fml 文) passage in a public speech, poem, etc, addressed to a person (often dead or absent) or to a thing as if it were a person 呼语（在演说或诗歌等中对某人, 常为死者或不在场者, 或对拟人的事物所说的话）.=> apostrophize/əˈpɒstrəfaɪz; ə`pɑstrəˌfaɪz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make an apostrophe to (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）发出呼语.system of units formerly used in weighing drugs （旧时用于称量药物重量的）药衡制./əˈpɒθəkərɪ; <i>US</i> -kerɪ; ə`pɑθəˌkɛrɪ/ n (arch 古) person who prepares and sells medicines and medical goods 药剂师; 药商.= apophthegm./əˌpɒθɪˈəʊsɪs; əˌpɑθɪ`osɪs/ n (pl -ses / -si:z; -siz/)  1 (of a human being) making or becoming a god or a saint （指人）封为神或尊为神, 神化: the apotheosis of a Roman Emperor 对罗马皇帝的神化.  2 glorified ideal; highest development of sth 尊崇的理想; 某事物发展的顶峰: The legends of King Arthur represent the apotheosis of chivalry. 亚瑟王的传说代表骑士精神的顶峰./əˈpɔːl; ə`pɔl/ v (-ll-) [Tn] fill (sb) with horror or dismay; shock deeply 使（某人）惊骇或沮丧; 使大吃一惊: The newspaper reports of starving children appalled me. 报纸对饥饿儿童的报道使我大为震惊. * We were appalled at the prospect of having to miss our holiday. 我们为失去这一假日而感到大失所望.adj (infml 口) shocking; extremely bad 骇人的; 极恶劣的: I've never seen such appalling behaviour. 我从来没见过这么恶劣的行为. * I find much modern architecture quite appalling. 我觉得很多现代建筑十分糟糕. adv: appallingly thin 极其薄的./ˌæpəˈreɪtəs; <i>US</i> -ˈrtəs; ˌæpə`rætəs/ n [U, C] (rare pl ~es 复数作apparatuses, 罕用)  1 (a) set of instruments, etc used esp in scientific experiments 仪器; 设备; 装置: laboratory apparatus 实验室设备. (b) equipment used for doing sth, esp in gymnastics 器械（尤指体操的）: The vaulting horse is a difficult piece of apparatus to master. 鞍马是很难掌握的器械. * Firemen needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house. 消防队员需用呼吸器械才能进入燃烧着的房屋. =>Usage at machine 用法见 machine.  2 complex structure of an organization 机构; 机关; 组织: the whole apparatus of government 整个政府机构.  3 system of bodily organs 器官: the respiratory apparatus 呼吸器官./əˈpærəl; ə`pærəl/ n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) clothing; dress 衣服; 服装: lords and ladies in rich apparel 服饰华丽的王公贵妇./əˈpærənt; ə`pærənt/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] clearly seen or understood; obvious 清楚易见或易懂; 明显; 显然: Certain problems were apparent from the outset. 有些问题从一开始就是显而易见的. * It became apparent that she was going to die. 很明显她快要死了. * Their motives, as will soon become apparent (ie as you will soon see), are completely selfish. 他们的动机很快就能看出, 完全是自私自利.  2 seeming; unreal 表面上的; 假的: Her apparent indifference made him even more nervous. 她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张. * Their affluence is more apparent than real, ie They are not as rich as they seem to be. 他们的富有是虚有其表（并非像看上去的那么阔）.adv according to appearances; as it seems 看来; 似乎: He had apparently escaped by bribing a guard. 他看来是贿赂了守卫而逃跑的. * Apparently (ie I have heard that) they're getting divorced. 看样子（听说）他们要离婚了./ˌæpəˈrɪʃn; ˌæpə`rɪʃən/ n  1 (a) appearance, esp of sth startling, strange or unexpected 出现（尤指惊人的, 不寻常的或未料到的事物）. (b) person or thing that appears thus 突如其来的人或事物: a weird apparition in fancy dress 身穿奇装异服而突然出现的古怪人物.  2 ghost or phantom 鬼怪; 幽灵: You look as though you've seen an apparition. 你好像撞见了鬼似的./əˈpiːl; ə`pil/ v  1 [Ipr, Dpr.t] ~ to sb (for sth); ~ for sth make an earnest request 恳求; 呼吁: I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims. 我代表饥民恳求援助. * The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) be attractive or interesting (to sb) （对某人）有吸引力; （使某人）感兴趣: The idea of camping has never appealed (to me). 对露营这种想法（我）从来就不感兴趣. * Do these paintings appeal to you? 你对这些画感兴趣吗? * Her sense of humour appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (against sth) (law 律) take a question to a higher court where it can be heard again and a new decision given （向上级法院）上诉: I've decided not to appeal. 我决定不上诉. * She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for/against sth) (in cricket) ask (the umpire) to declare a batsman out or to give some other decision （板球赛中）提请（裁判员）宣布击球员出局或作出其它裁判: The whole side appealed for a catch. 全队提请裁判员判接球得分. * The captain appealed against the light, ie said that the light was not good enough for the game to continue. 队长对光线提出异议（认为光线不好不宜继续比赛）.

n  1 (a) [C] ~ (to sb) (for sth) earnest request 恳求; 呼吁: an appeal for help, food, extra staff 恳求援助, 食物, 增添职员 * a charity appeal 慈善募捐呼吁. (b) [U] request for help or sympathy 吁请援助或同情: Her eyes held a look of silent appeal. 她眼中流露着无声的求助神情.  2 [U] attractiveness; interest 吸引力; 兴趣: Does jazz hold any appeal for you? 你对爵士乐有兴趣吗? * The new fashion soon lost its appeal. 那种新式样不久就失去了吸引力.  3 [C] (law 律) act of appealing (appeal 3) 上诉: lodge an appeal 提出上诉 * have the right of appeal 有上诉权 * [attrib 作定语] an appeal court 上诉法庭.  4 [C] (in cricket) act of asking the umpire for a decision （板球赛中）提请裁判员裁判.adj  1 attractive; charming 动人的; 媚人的: I don't find small boys very appealing. 我觉得小男孩儿不太讨人喜欢. * The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly appealing. 到外国度假的主意肯定大受欢迎.  2 causing sb to feel pity or sympathy 令人怜悯或同情的: an appealing glance 惹人怜的眼神. adv./əˈpɪə(r); ə`pɪr/ v  1 [I] (a) come into view; become visible 出现; 显现; 呈现: A ship appeared on the horizon. 船出现在水平线上. * A light appeared at the end of the tunnel. 隧道的尽头露出了亮光. * A rash has appeared on his body. 他身上出现了丘疹. (b) arrive 来到: He promised to be here at four o'clock but didn't appear until six. 他答应四点钟来, 可是六点钟才到.  2[I] (a) present oneself publicly or formally 公开或正式露面: The tenor soloist is unable to appear tonight because of illness. 男高音独唱者因病今晚不能演出. * I have to appear in court on a charge of drunken driving. 我被控告醉酒驾驶而要出庭受审. (b) act as a counsel in a lawcourt （作为辩护人）出庭: appear for the defendant/prosecution 为被告[原告]出庭辩护.  3 [I] (of a book or an article) be published or printed （指书或文章）发表或出版: His new book will be appearing in the spring. 他的新著将于春季问世. * The news appeared next day on the front page. 那则消息次日刊登在头版上了.  4 [La, Ln, I, It] give the impression of being or doing sth; seem 显得; 好像; 似乎: The streets appeared deserted. 街上似乎行人绝迹. * Don't make him appear a fool. 别把他弄得像个傻子似的. * She appears to have many friends. 她好像有很多朋友. * There appears to have been/It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错. * You appear to have made/It appears that you have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了. * `Has he been found guilty?' `It appears so/not.' ‘是他被判有罪吗?’‘好像是[不是].’  5 (idm 习语) it appears/appeared as if.../as though... the impression is/was given that... 看来; 似乎: It appears as if she's lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The two pairs of synonyms appear/seem and happen/chance are intransitive verbs and are not generally used in the continuous tenses. *appear/seem和happen/chance 这两对同义词都是不及物动词, 一般不用于进行时态. They are commonly used in these two patterns 这四个词通常用于以下两种句型:  1 It appears/seems that he's resigned. 好像他已经辞职了. *  It happened/chanced that she spoke fluent Swahili. 偏巧她很会说斯瓦希里语.  2 He appears/seems to have resigned. 他好像已经辞职了. *  She happened/chanced to speak fluent Swahili. 她偏巧很会说斯瓦希里语. Chance is more formal than happen. *happen比chance更多用于口语. Appear and seem are used in a variety of other patterns *appear和seem还可用于其它多种句型: She appeared/seemed very confident. 她显得很自信. *  `Are they reliable?' `It appears/seems not.' ‘他们可靠吗?’‘似乎不太可靠.’ *  `It's going to rain.' `So it appears/seems.' ‘要下雨了.’‘看样子像.’ So is often used for emphasis with happen/chance 为加强语气, so常与happen/chance连用: It so happened/chanced that I'd met her a few years before. 碰巧我几年前见过她./əˈpɪərəns; ə`pɪrəns/ n  1 [C] coming into view; arrival 出现; 来到: The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away. 警察突然出现, 小偷就逃跑了. * They finally made their appearance (ie appeared, arrived) at 11.30. 他们终于在11时30分来到.  2 [C] act of appearing in public as a performer, etc 露面; 出场: His first appearance on stage was at the age of three. 他三岁时初次登台.  3 [C, U] that which shows; what sb/sth appears to be 外表; 外貌; 外观: Fine clothes added to his strikingly handsome appearance. 华丽的服装使他那极其英俊的外貌更为增色. * She gave every appearance of being extremely rich. 她处处表现得极为阔气. * Don't judge by appearances  appearances can be misleading. 勿以外貌取人--外貌不可靠. * The building was like a prison in appearance. 这座建筑的外观像监狱.  4 (idm 习语) ,keep up ap`pearances maintain an outward show, esp of prosperity, in order to hide what one does not want others to see 维持体面; 装门面; 虚饰外表: There's no point in keeping up appearances when everyone knows we're nearly bankrupt. 人家都知道我们快破产了, 何必还打肿脸充胖子. ,put in an ap`pearance show oneself at or attend a meeting, party, etc, esp for a short time 露一下面: I don't want to go to the party but I'd better put in an appearance, I suppose. 我不想参加那个聚会, 可是我最好还是要露一下面. to all ap`pearances so far as can be seen; outwardly 看来; 显然; 外表上: He was to all outward appearances dead. 他显然已经死了./əˈpiːz; ə`piz/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使（某人[某事物]）安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）: appease sb's anger/hunger/curiosity 平息某人的怒气[使某人充饥/满足某人的好奇心].n [U] act or policy of appeasing, esp by making concessions to a possible enemy in order to avoid war 平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争而对潜在的敌人作出让步）; 安抚; 姑息; 绥靖./əˈpelənt; ə`pɛlənt/ adj (law 律) concerned with appeals 上诉的.

n (law 律) person who appeals to a higher court 上诉人./ˌæpəˈleɪʃn; ˌæpə`leʃən/ n (fml 文) name or title; system of naming 名称; 称呼; 称号; 命名的编排./əˈpend; ə`pɛnd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) attach or add sth (esp in writing) 附加, 添上或增补某事物（尤指文字）: append one's signature to a document 在文件上加上署名 * append an extra clause to the contract 在合同上增加一项条款./əˈpendɪdʒ; ə`pɛndɪdʒ/ n thing that is added to, or that forms a natural part of, sth larger 附加物; 附属物; 组成部分: The elephant's trunk is a unique form of appendage. 象的鼻子是一种独特的附肢./ˌæpenˈdektəmɪ; ˌæpɛn`dɛktəmɪ/ (also appendicectomy / E9pendI5sektEmI; E9pZndE`sZktEmI/) n (medical 医) surgical removal of the appendix(2) 阑尾切除术./əˌpendɪˈsaɪtɪs; əˌpɛndə`saɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the appendix(2) 阑尾炎./əˈpendɪks; ə`pɛndɪks/ n  1 (pl -dices / -dIsi:z; -dE9siz/) section that gives extra information at the end of a book or document 附录: This dictionary has several appendices, including one on irregular verbs. 这部词典有几项附录, 包括不规则动词附录.  2 (pl -dixes) (also ,vermiform ap`pendix) small tube-shaped bag of tissue attached to the intestine 阑尾. =>illus at digestive 见digestive system之插图./ˌæpəˈteɪn; ˌæpɚ`ten/ v [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) belong or relate to sb/sth as a right; be appropriate to sb/sth （作为权利）属于或关于某人[某事物]; 适合于某人[某事物]: the duties and privileges appertaining to one's high office 居于高职位所具有的职责和特权.=> appetizer=> appetizing=> appetizingly/ˈæpɪtaɪt; `æpəˌtaɪt/ n  1 [U] physical desire, esp for food or pleasure 肉体的欲望（尤指对食物或享乐）; 食欲; 胃口: When I was ill I completely lost my appetite. 我生病时完全没有食欲. * Don't spoil your appetite by eating sweets before meals. 饭前不要吃糖以免影响食欲. * (fig 比喻) He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗志.  2 [C] instance of a natural desire for sth （对某事物的）自然的欲望: The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了长路使我食欲大振. * He has an amazing appetite for hard work. 他出奇地喜爱艰巨的工作. * a person of gross sexual appetites 性欲旺盛的人./ˈæpɪtaɪzə(r); `æpəˌtaɪzɚ/ n thing that is eaten or drunk before a meal to stimulate the appetite 正餐前的开胃食物或饮料; 开胃品: Small savoury biscuits provide a simple appetizer. 可口的小饼乾就是简单的开胃品./ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ; `æpəˌtaɪzɪŋ/ adj (of food, etc) stimulating the appetite （指食物等）促进食欲的, 开胃的, 刺激欲望的: an appetizing smell from the kitchen 来自厨房的令人垂涎的香味 * The list of ingredients sounds very appetizing. 这张单子上列的配料听起来使人馋涎欲滴. adv./əˈplɔːd; ə`plɔd/ v  1 [I, Tn] show approval of (sb/sth) by clapping the hands 向（某人[某事物]）鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏: The crowd applauded (him/the perfomance) for five minutes. 群众（为他[演出]）鼓掌五分钟.  2 [Tn] praise (sb/sth); approve 称赞; 赞成: I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定./əˈplɔːz; ə`plɔz/ n [U]  1 approval expressed by clapping the hands 鼓掌欢迎: He sat down amid deafening applause. 他在震耳欲聋的掌声中就坐.  2 warm approval 热情称赞: Her new novel was greeted by reviewers with rapturous applause. 她的新小说备受书评家推崇./ˈæpl; `æpl/ n  1 (a) round fruit with firm juicy flesh and green, red or yellow skin when ripe 苹果: [attrib 作定语] an apple pie 苹果馅饼 * apple sauce 苹果酱. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图. (b) (also `apple tree) tree bearing this fruit 苹果树.  2 (idm 习语) an/the ,apple of `discord (fml 文) cause of an argument or a quarrel 争端; 祸根. the ,apple of sb's `eye person or thing that is loved more than any other 心爱的人或物; 掌上明珠: She is the apple of her father's eye. 她是父亲的掌上明珠. in ,apple-pie `order very neatly arranged 井然有序.n (idm 习语) upset the/sb's applecart => upset.n [U] (US) strong alcoholic drink distilled from fermented cider 苹果白兰地（由发酵的苹果汁蒸馏而成的烈性酒）./əˈplaɪəns; ə`plaɪəns/ n  1 instrument or device for a specific purpose 工具; 用具; 器具; 器械: a kitchen full of electrical appliances, eg a washing-machine, dish washer, liquidizer, etc 有各种电器用具的厨房（如洗衣机, 洗碗机, 果汁机等）. =>Usage at machine 用法见 machine.  2 = fire-engine (fire)./ˌplɪkəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌæplɪkə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈæplɪkəbl, also əˈplɪkəbl; `æplɪkəbl, ə`plɪkəbl/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) that can be applied (apply 7); appropriate or suitable 可适用; 合适; 适当: This part of the form is not applicable (ie does not apply) to foreign students. 表格中的这一部分不适用于外国学生. /ˈæplɪkənt; `æpləkənt/ n ~ (for sth) person who applies, esp for a job, etc 申请人（尤指为求职等）: As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什么人申请这份工作./ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌæplə`keʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] ~ (to sb) (for sth) formal request 申请; 请求: Keys are available on application to the principal. 向校长申请就可得到钥匙. (b) [C] instance of this 申请; 请求: We received 400 applications for the job. 对这份工作, 我们接到400人的申请. * [attrib 作定语] an application form, ie a form on which to make an application 申请表.  2 (a) [U, C] ~ (of sth) (to sth) act of applying one thing to another 敷用; 施用: lotion for external application only, ie to be put on the skin, not swallowed 只限外用的敷剂（用于皮肤, 不可内服） * three applications per day 每日敷用三次. (b) [C] substance applied 敷用的物质: an application to relieve muscle pain 减轻肌肉疼痛的敷剂.  3 [U] making a rule, etc take effect （使规则等）生效; 实施: the strict application of the law 严明执法.  4 [U] concentrated effort; hard work 专心; 努力: Success as a writer demands great application. 要成为作家就得狠下功夫.  5 [U, C] ~ (to sth) act of putting a theory, discovery, etc to practical use 应用; 运用: a new invention that will have application/ a variety of applications in industry 工业上可应用的[有多种用途的]新发明./ˈæplɪkeɪtə(r); `æplɪˌketɚ/ n thing used to apply (apply 2) sth 涂敷器: Use the applicator provided to spread the glue. 使用所附涂敷器涂用胶水.=> apply.

/əˈplaɪd; ə`plaɪd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] used in a practical way; not merely theoretical 应用 的; 实用的: applied mathematics, eg as used in engineering 应用数学（如用于工程学中者） * applied linguistics 应用语言学. Cf 参看 pure 5./ˈæpliːkeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌæplɪˈkeɪ; ˌæplɪ`ke/ n [U] decorative needlework in which pieces of one type of material are cut out and attached to another 缝饰; 镶饰; 贴花; 补花.

v (pt, pp appliqued) [Tn] decorate (sth) in this way 在（某物上）缝饰; 以补花镶饰（某物）./əˈplaɪ; ə`plaɪ/ v (pt, pp applied)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) make a formal request 申请; 请求: You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请, 亲自去也好, 写信也好. * apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录 * apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申请工作, 职位, 护照, 签证.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put or spread sth (onto sth) 贴; 敷; 涂; 搽: apply the ointment sparingly 涂搽少许油膏 * apply the glue to both surfaces 两面都涂上胶水 * (fig 比喻) I'd never apply the word `readable' to any of his books. 我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是‘可以一读的’.  3 [Tn] make (a law, etc) operate or become effective 使（法律等）实施或生效; 应用; 运用: apply a law/rule/precept 执行法律[规则/规程] * apply economic sanctions 施行经济制裁.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect （与某人[某物]）有关; 有效; 适用: These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非总能行得通. * What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) cause (a force, etc) to affect sth 使用（力量等）对某事物起作用: apply force, pressure, heat, etc 用力, 压力, 热力等 * apply the brakes hard 用力刹车.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (to sth/doing sth) concentrate one's thought and energy (on a task) 集中精力（做事）; 专心: You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work). 你只有真正专心致志（用功）, 考试才能及格. * We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来.  7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) make practical use of sth 运用, 应用某事物: The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology. 这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面./əˈpɔɪnt; ə`pɔɪnt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位; 任命; 委派: They have appointed Smith/a new manager. 他们已经任用了史密斯[一位新经理]. * He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委派填补那空缺. * Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson? 我们选派谁担任主席呢? * We must appoint sb to act as secretary. 我们得指定一个人当秘书.  2 [Tn] create (sth) by choosing members 挑选人员以组成（某事物）: appoint a committee 挑选人员组成委员会.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) (fml 文) fix or decide on sth 确定或决定某事物: appoint a date to meet/for a meeting 约定一个日期见面[开会] * The time appointed for the meeting was 10.30. 规定开会的时间是10时30分./əpɔɪnˈtiː; əˌpɔɪn`ti/ n person appointed to a job or position 被任命者; 被委派者; 被指定者./əˈpɔɪntmənt; ə`pɔɪntmənt/ n  1 (a) [C, U] ~ (to sth) (act of) appointing a person to a job 任命; 任用; 委派: His promotion to manager was a popular appointment. 他升任经理是众望所归的. (b) [C] job to which sb is appointed （被任用的）工作, 职位: I'm looking for a permanent appointment. 我正在寻找固定的工作.  2 [C, U] ~ (with sb) arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time 约会; 预约: make/fix an appointment with sb 与某人约会 * keep/break an appointment 践[失]约 * I have a dental appointment at 3 pm. 我下午3时有个牙科的预约. * Interviews are by appointment only. 会晤需经预约.  3 appointments [pl] equipment; furniture 设备; 家具./əˈpɔːʃn; ə`pɔrʃən/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (among/to sb) give sth as a share; allot sth 分配某事物; 分派某事物: I don't wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you. 我不愿意怪罪你们大家[你们任何人]. * He apportioned the members of the team their various tasks. 他已把各项任务分配给队员们. Cf 参看 portion v. n [U]./ˈæpəzɪt; `æpəzɪt/ adj ~ (to sth) (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)（指言辞等）适当的, 合适的, 恰当的 : an apposite comment, illustration, example, etc 恰当的评论, 说明, 例子等 * I found his speech wholly apposite to the current debate. 我认为他的讲话对当前的辩论是恰到好处的. adv. n [U]./ˌæpəˈzɪʃn; ˌæpə`zɪʃən/ n [U] (grammar) addition of one word or phrase to another word or phrase as an explanation 同位; 同格: In `Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother' `the Queen Mother' is in apposition to `Queen Elizabeth'. 在`Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother'一语中`the Queen Mother'是`Queen Elizabeth'的同位语./əˈpreɪzl; ə`prezl/ n [C, U] (act of) appraising sb/sth; valuation 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定./əˈpreɪz; ə`prez/ v [Tn] assess the value or quality of (sb/sth) 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定: appraise a student's work 评定学生的作业 * an appraising glance 估量的眼光 * It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 买房子不事先估价是不明智的./əˈpriːʃəbl; ə`priʃəbl/ adj that can be seen or felt; considerable 可察觉到的; 可观的: an appreciable drop in temperature 气温些微的下降 * The increase in salary will be appreciable. 薪水的增加将很可观. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv: He's looking appreciably thinner. 看得出来他消瘦了./əˈpriːʃɪeɪt; ə`priʃɪˌet/ v  1 [Tn] understand and enjoy (sth); value highly 理解并欣赏（某事物）; 赏识; 高度评价: You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. 看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓. * I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯, 我就真乐在其中了. * Your help was greatly appreciated, ie We were grateful for it. 非常感谢你的帮助.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] understand (sth) with sympathy 体恤, 体念, 体谅（某事物）: I appreciate your problem, but I don't think I can help you. 我理解你的困难, 但却爱莫能助. * I appreciate that you may have prior commitments. 我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺. * You don't seem to appreciate how busy I am. 你似乎不能体念我多么忙.  3 [I] increase in value 增值; 涨价: Local property has appreciated (in value) since they built the motorway nearby. 自从附近修建了高速公路, 本地的地产（价值）已经增值./əˌpriːʃɪˈeɪʃn; əˌpriʃɪ`eʃən/ n  1 [U] understanding and enjoyment 欣赏: She shows little or no appreciation of good music. 她对于好音乐鲜有或没有欣赏的能力.  2 [U] grateful recognition of an action 感激; 感谢: Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us. 多蒙鼎力协助, 无任感谢. 谨备薄礼, 敬请哂纳.  3 [C] (fml 文) (esp written) statement of the qualities of a work of art, person's life, etc （尤指书面的）鉴定, 鉴别, 评价, 评论: an appreciation of the poet's work 对诗人作品的评论.  4 [U] increase in value 增值; 涨价: The pound's rapid appreciation is creating problems for exporters. 英镑急速升值给出口商造成困难./əˈpriːʃɪəɪtɪv; ə`priʃɪˌetɪv/ adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showing understanding or gratitude 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的: an appreciative letter, audience, look 感谢信, 表示欣赏的观众（或听众）, 赏识的神情 * I'm most appreciative of your generosity. 我对你的慷慨感激之至. adv./ˌæprɪˈhend; ˌæprɪ`hɛnd/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) seize (sb); arrest 逮捕; 拘押: The thief was apprehended (by the police) in the act of stealing a car. 窃贼在偷汽车时当场被（警察）抓住.  2 [Tn, Tf] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) grasp the meaning of (sb/sth); understand 领悟; 理解: Do I apprehend you aright, ie Do you mean what I think you mean? 你的意思我领会得对吗? Cf 参看 comprehend./ˌæprɪˈhenʃn; ˌæprɪ`hɛnʃən/ n  1 [U, C] anxiety about the future; fear 忧虑; 担心; 恐惧: filled with apprehension 忧心忡忡 * I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow. 我对明天的面试感到有些担心.  2 [U] understanding 理解; 领悟. Cf 参看 comprehension3 [U] seizing; arrest 逮捕; 拘押: the apprehension of the robbers, escaped prisoners, etc 逮捕强盗, 逃犯等./ˌæprɪˈhensɪv; ˌæprɪ`hɛnsɪv/ adj ~ (about/of sth); ~ (that.../for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; fearful; uneasy 忧虑的; 害怕的; 不安的: apprehensive about the results of the exams 为考试成绩担忧 * apprehensive that he would be beaten 害怕他会挨打 * apprehensive for sb's safety 担心某人的安全. adv./əˈprentɪs; ə`prɛntɪs/ n  1 person who has agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught his trade or craft 学徒; 徒弟: [attrib 作定语] an apprentice plumber 见习铅管工人.  2 beginner or novice 生手; 新手.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb work as an apprentice (for sb) 使某人（给某人）当学徒./-tɪʃɪp; -tɪˌʃɪp/ n (time of) being an apprentice 学徒身分（的期限）: serve an/one's apprenticeship with a carpenter 跟木匠当学徒./əˈpraɪz; ə`praɪz/ v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb of sth (fml 文) inform sb of sth 将某事通知某人: I was apprised of the committee's decision. 我已获悉委员会的决定./ˈæprəʊ; `æpro/ n (idm 习语) on appro (Brit infml 口) = on approval (approval)./əˈprəʊtʃ; ə`protʃ/ v  1 [I, Tn] come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人[某事物]）: The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. * As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂.  2 [Tn] be similar in quality or character to (sb/sth) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人[某事物]）: Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare's greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背.  3 [Tn] go to (sb) for help or support or in order to offer sth （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）: approach one's bank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款 * approach a witness with a bribe 前去贿赂目击者 * I find him difficult to approach, ie not easy to talk to in a friendly way. 我觉得他很难接近（不好谈话）.  4 [Tn] begin to tackle (a task, problem, etc) 着手处理（事务, 难题等）: Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策.

n  1 [sing] act of approaching 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teacher's approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. * At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了.  2 [C] ~ to sth thing resembling sth in quality or character 性质或特点相似的事物: That's the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes. 那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了.  3 [C] way leading to sth; path; road 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. * [attrib 作定语] Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium. 警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻.  4 [C] way of dealing with a person or thing 方法; 手段: a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法.  5 [C] attempt to reach agreement or become friendly with sb （想与某人商议或亲近的）尝试, 意图: The club has made an approach to a local business firm for sponsorship. 俱乐部已试探向本地一家公司寻求资助. * She resented his persistent approaches. 他一再地表示亲近使她很反感.  6 [C] final part of an aircraft's flight before landing 进场（飞机着陆前的最後飞行阶段）: the approach to the runway 进入跑道的进场飞行.  7 [C] (in golf) stroke from the fairway to the green （高尔夫球赛中）从外野击向球穴区草地.  8 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach (fml 文) easy/difficult to talk to in a friendly way 平易近人的[难于接近的]./əˌprəʊtʃəˈbɪlətɪ; əˌprotʃə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U].adj  1 (of people or things) that can be approached （指人或物）可接近的 : The village is only approachable from the south. 这个村子只有从南边才能到达.  2 friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的. /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃn; ˌæprə`beʃən/ n [U] (fml 文) approval; consent 认可; 批准: awaiting the approbation of the court 等候法院批淮./əˈprəʊprɪət; ə`proprɪət/ adj ~ (for/to sth) suitable; right and proper 适当的; 合适的; 正当的: Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding. 运动服用于正式婚礼中是不适当的. * His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合. * You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time. 在适当的时候将把详情告诉你. 

/əˈprəʊprɪeɪt; ə`proprɪˌet/ v  1 [Tn] take (sth) for one's own use, esp without permission or illegally 拿（某事物）为己所用（尤指未经获准或非法者）; 擅用; 挪用; 窃用: He was accused of appropriating club funds. 他被控告挪用俱乐部基金.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth for sth put (esp money) on one side for a special purpose 拨出（尤指款项）: 5000 has been appropriated for a new training scheme. 为新的训练计划已经拨款5000英镑.adv. n [U]./əˌprəʊprɪˈeɪʃn; əˌproprɪ`eʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] appropriating or being appropriated 擅用; 挪用; 窃用; 拨款. (b) [C] instance of this 擅用; 挪用; 窃用; 拨款.  2 [C] thing, esp a sum of money, that is appropriated 擅用; 挪用; 窃用或拨用的物品（尤指款项）: make an appropriation of 20000 for payment of debts 挪用20000英镑还债. * the US Senate Appropriations Committee, ie dealing with funds for defence, welfare, etc 美国参议院拨款委员会（负责国防, 福利等的拨款）./əˈpruːvl; ə`pruvl/ n [U]  1 feeling or showing or saying that one thinks sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成; 认可; 满意; 同意: give one's approval 表示同意 * Do the plans meet with your approval? 这些计划你赞成吗? * a nod of approval 首肯.  2 (idm 习语) on ap`proval (of goods) supplied to a customer on condition that they may be returned if they are not satisfactory （指货物）不满意可以退的. seal of approval => seal2./əˈpruːv; ə`pruv/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) say, show or feel that sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成; 认可; 满意; 同意: She doesn't want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents don't approve (of him). 她不愿把新男朋友带回家, 怕父母看不中（他）. * I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱, 可是请不要误了功课.  2 [Tn] confirm (sth); accept 批准（某事物）; 通过: The minutes of the last meeting were approved. 上次会议记录已获得通过. * The auditors approved the company's accounts. 审计员核准了公司的帐目. (formerly) place for housing, training and educating young offenders （旧时）少年感化院. Cf 参看 Borstal, reformatory.adj: She received many approving glances. 很多赞许的目光向她投来. adv.abbr 缩写 = approximate; approximately./əˈprɒksɪmət; ə`prɑksəmət/ adj almost correct or exact but not completely so 近乎正确或精确的; 大约的; 大概的: an approximate price, figure, amount, etc 大约的价格, 数字, 数量等 * What is the approximate size of this room? 这间屋子大概有多大? 

/əˈprɒksɪmeɪt; ə`prɑksəˌmet/ v [Ipr] ~ to sth be almost the same as sth 与某事物几乎相同; 接近: Your story approximates to the facts we already know. 你所说的与我们已经了解的事实很接近.adv: It cost approximately 300  I can't remember exactly. 价钱大约是300英镑--我记不清了./əˌprɒksɪˈmeɪʃn; əˌprɑksə`meʃən/ n  1 [C] amount or estimate that is not exactly right but nearly so 近乎准确的量或估计; 近似值: 3000 students each year would be an approximation. 每年3000名学生, 这是个大约的数字.  2 [U] process of being or getting near (in number, quality, etc) 概算; 近似法./əˈpɜːtɪnəns; ə`pɝtnəns/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (law 律)  1 minor piece of property; accessory 小片地产; 附属物.  2 privilege or right that goes with the ownership of property 附属于财产所有权的特权或权利: He inherited the manor and all its appurtenances. 他继承了那片庄园及其一切特权.abbr 缩写 = April: 14 Apr 1986  1986年4月14日./ˌæpreɪ ˈskiː; ˌæpre`ski/ n (French 法) time of leisure after a day's skiing in a resort （在度假胜地滑雪一天後的）闲暇时间: I enjoyed the apres-ski more than the skiing itself. 我喜欢滑雪, 更喜欢滑雪後的闲暇时间. * [attrib 作定语] apres-ski clothes, activities 滑雪後穿的衣服, 进行的活动./ˈeɪprɪkɒt; `eprɪˌkɑt/ n  1 [C] (a) round stone-fruit with soft flesh, related to the plum and peach and orange-yellow when ripe 杏: [attrib 作定语] ,apricot `jam 杏酱. (b) tree bearing this fruit 杏树.  2 [U] colour of a ripe apricot 杏黄色./ˈeɪprəl; `eprəl/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Apr) the fourth month of the year, next after March 四月: She was born in April. 她是四月出生的. * When were you born? The first of April/April the first/(US) April first. 你是什么时候出生的? 四月一日. * [attrib 作定语] April showers, ie short periods of rain alternating with fine weather. 忽下忽停的春雨.victim of a practical joke traditionally played on 1 April （4月1日愚人节）受愚弄的人. ,April `Fool's Day (also ,All `Fools' Day) 1 April 愚人节（4月1日）.

person tricked on April Fool's Day （在愚人节）受愚弄的人.1 April 愚人节（4月1日）./ˈeɪprən; `eprən/ n  1 (a) garment worn over the front part of the body to keep the wearer's clothes clean while working 围裙. =>illus 见插图. (b) any similar covering worn as part of ceremonial dress 礼服中的像围裙的部分.  2 hard-surfaced area on an airfield, where aircraft are manoeuvred, loaded or unloaded 停机坪（飞机场上为调动飞机, 装卸货物, 乘客上下等用的坚实平地）.  3 (also ,apron `stage) (in the theatre) part of the stage that extends into the auditorium in front of the curtain 台口（舞台幕前的突出部分）.  4 (idm 习语) (tied to) one's mother's, wife's, etc apron strings (too much under) the influence and control of one's mother, etc （深受）母亲, 妻子等的影响及控制./ˌæprəˈpəʊ; ˌæprə`po/ adv, adj [pred 作表语] (in a way that is) appropriate or relevant to what is being said or done （与正在说的或做的）适宜或有关, 恰好, 及时: You'll find the last paragraph extremely apropos. 你会觉得最後一段文字极为中肯.prep with reference to (sth); concerning 至于; 关于: Apropos of what you were just saying.... 关于你刚才所说的话..../æps; æps/ n semicircular or many-sided recess with an arched or domed roof, esp at the east end of a church 半圆室（尤指教堂东端的半圆形或多边形凹室, 顶为拱形或圆形）./ˌeɪ piː ˈtiː; ˌe pi `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Advanced Passenger Train 高级客车./æpt; æpt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 suitable; appropriate 适当的; 恰当的: an apt quotation 恰当的引语.  2 ~ (at doing sth) quick at learning 学得快的; 聪明的: She's one of my aptest students. 她是我的最聪明的一个学生. * very apt at programming a computer 非常善于编电脑程序.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth likely or having a tendency to do sth 易于做某事物; 有做某事物的倾向: apt to be forgetful, careless, quick-tempered, etc 健忘, 总是粗心大意, 动不动就发脾气 * My pen is rather apt to leak. 我的钢笔爱漏墨水.

abbr 缩写 = apartment./ˈæptɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `æptəˌtud/ n [U, C] ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧; 天资; 天赋: Does she show any aptitude for games? 能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗? * He has an unfortunate aptitude for saying the wrong thing. 他有失言的倒霉本事.test to find if sb is suitable for a particular type of work or course of training 能力倾向测验, 性向测验（用以确定某人是否适宜从事某种工作或参加某种训练课程）. Cf 参看 intelligence test (intelligence).adv suitably; appropriately 适当地; 恰当地: aptly punished for one's misdeeds 因行为不检而受到适当惩罚.n [U]./ˈækwəlʌŋ; `ækwəˌlʌŋ/ n (propr 专利名) portable underwater breathing apparatus used by divers 水肺; 潜水呼吸器./ˌækwəməˈriːn; ˌækwəmə`rin/ n  1 [C] bluish-green precious stone 海蓝宝石; 蓝晶.  2 [U] its colour 海蓝色./ˈækwəpleɪn; `ækwəˌplen/ n board on which a person stands while being towed across water by a speedboat 滑水板（人站立其上, 由快艇牵引在水上滑行的板）.

v [I]  1 ride on an aquaplane 滑水（站在滑水板上作水上滑行运动）.  2 (of a vehicle) skid or glide forward uncontrollably on the wet surface of a road （指车辆）在潮湿路面上失去控制向前滑动.n, adj. => Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图./əˈkweərɪəm; ə`kwɛrɪəm/ n (pl ~s or  -ria) (building containing an) artificial pond or glass tank where live fish and other water creatures and plants are kept 水族馆; 水族箱; 养鱼缸./əˈkweərɪəs; ə`kwɛrɪəs/ n  1 [U] the eleventh sign of the zodiac, the Water-carrier 宝瓶宫（黄道第十一宫）.  2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属宝瓶宫星座的人. /əˈkwtɪk; ə`kwætɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of plants, animals, etc) growing or living in or near water （指植物, 动物等）生长于水中或水边的, 水生的: Many forms of aquatic life inhabit ponds. 有很多种水生动植物均栖居于池塘.  2 (of sports) taking place on or in water （指运动）水上的, 水中的: Swimming and water-skiing are both aquatic sports. 游泳和滑水都是水上运动./ˈækwətɪnt; `ækwəˌtɪnt/ n  1 [U] process of etching on copper using nitric acid 铜版画飞尘腐蚀法; 凹版腐蚀制版法.  2 [C] picture made in this way 用飞尘腐蚀法印制的图画./ˈækwɪdʌkt; `ækwɪˌdʌkt/ n structure for carrying water across country, esp one built like a bridge over a valley or low ground 输水道（跨越地域的输送水的结构, 尤指通过河谷或低地的桥状高架水道）./ˈeɪkwɪəs; `ekwɪəs/ adj of or like water; produced by water 水的; 像水的; 水成的: chemicals dissolved in an aqueous solution 溶于水溶液的化学药品./ˈækwɪlaɪn; `ækwəˌlaɪn/ adj of or like an eagle 鹰的; 像鹰的: an aquiline nose, ie one curved like an eagle's beak 鹰钩鼻./ˈærəb; `ærəb/ n  1 any of the Semitic people descended from the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, now inhabiting the Middle East and N Africa generally 阿拉伯人.  2 type of horse originally bred in Arabia 阿拉伯马.

adj of Arabia or the Arabs 阿拉伯的; 阿拉伯人的: the Arab countries 阿拉伯国家./ˌærəˈbesk; ˌærə`bɛsk/ n  1 (in art) elaborate design of intertwined leaves, branches, scrolls, etc （艺术上）阿拉伯装饰风格（由树叶, 树枝, 涡卷等形状交织的精细图案）.  2 (in ballet) position of a dancer balanced on one leg with the other stretched horizontally backwards 阿拉贝斯克舞姿（芭蕾舞中的一种舞姿, 单腿直立, 另一腿向後平伸）./əˈreɪbɪən; ə`rebɪən/ adj of Arabia or the Arabs 阿拉伯的; 阿拉伯人的: the Arabian Sea 阿拉伯海.

n (dated 旧) Arab(1) 阿拉伯人./ˈærəbɪk; `ærəbɪk/ adj of the Arabs, esp their language or literature 阿拉伯人的（尤指其语言或文学）. 

n [U] language of the Arabs 阿拉伯语.the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc 阿拉伯数字（0, 1, 2, 3, 4等）. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 Roman numerals (Roman)./ˈærəbɪst; `ærəbɪst/ n student of or expert in Arabic culture, language, history, etc 研究阿拉伯文化, 语言, 历史等的学者或专家./ˈærəbl; `ærəbl/ n [U], adj (land that is) suitable for ploughing and for growing crops 适于耕作的（土地）; 可耕的（土地）./əˈrknɪd; ə`ræknɪd/ n any of the class of animals including spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites 蛛形纲动物（包括蜘蛛, 蝎子, 蜱, 虱）./ˈɑːbɪtə(r); `ɑrbɪtɚ/ n  1 ~ (of sth) person who has power to decide what will be done, accepted, etc with regard to sth （对某事物有权决定处理, 认可等的）仲裁人; 裁决人; 权威人士: the arbiters of fashion 时装的权威.  2 (dated or Scot 旧或苏格兰) = arbitrator.adv. n [U]./ˈɑːbɪtrərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈɑːrbɪtrerɪ; `ɑrbəˌtrɛrɪ/ adj  1 based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason 任意的; 任性的; 主观的: The choice of players for the team seems completely arbitrary. 队员的挑选似乎完全是主观决定的.  2 using uncontrolled power without considering others; dictatorial 霸道的; 专横的; 独断独行的: an arbitrary ruler 专横的统治者 * arbitrary powers 霸权. /ˈɑːbɪtreɪt; `ɑrbəˌtret/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (between A and B) make a judgement about or settle (a dispute) between two parties (usu when asked by them to do so) 仲裁, 公断（通常为经双方要求解决争端）: He was asked to arbitrate (a serious dispute) between management and the unions. 他被邀请在资方与工会之间（对一严重争端）作出仲裁./ˌɑːbɪˈtreɪʃn; ˌɑrbə`treʃən/ n  1 [U] settling of a dispute by a person or people chosen to do this by both sides in the dispute （由争执双方挑选的人所作的）仲裁, 公断: take/refer the matter to arbitration 将此事交付公断.  2 (idm 习语) ,go to arbi`tration ask sb to settle a dispute by arbitrating 提请仲裁: The union finally agreed to go to arbitration as a way of ending the strike. 工会最後同意提请仲裁以结束罢工./ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə(r); `ɑrbəˌtretɚ/ (also arbiter) n person chosen to settle a dispute between two parties 仲裁人; 公断人./ɑːˈbɔːrɪəl; ɑr`bɔrɪəl/ adj (fml 文) of or living in trees 树木的; 栖于树木的: Squirrels are arboreal creatures. 松鼠是栖于树上的动物./ˌɑːbəˈriːtəm; ˌɑrbə`ritəm/ n (pl -tums or  -ta) place where trees are grown for scientific study or for display （供科学研究或展览用的）树木园, 植物园./ˈɑːbə(r); `ɑrbɚ/ n shady place among trees or climbing plants, esp one made in a garden for people to sit in （树木或攀缘植物构成的）树荫处; （尤指公园中的凉亭, 棚架）./ɑːk; ɑrk/ n  1 part of the circumference of a circle or some other curved line 弧（圆周或其它曲线的一部分）. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图.  2 thing with this shape 弧形物: the arc of a rainbow 虹的弧形.  3 luminous electric current passing across a gap between two terminals 电弧; 弧光.

v (pt, pp arced / B:kt; Brkt/, pres p arcing/ 5B:kIN; `BrkIN/) [I] form an electric arc 形成电弧; 产生弧光.(also arc light) lamp giving light produced by an electric arc 弧光灯.welding by means of an electric arc （电）弧焊./ɑːˈkeɪd; ɑr`ked/ n covered passage or area, esp one with an arched roof and shops along one or both sides 拱廊（尤指有拱形顶盖, 一侧或两侧有商店的通道）: a shopping arcade 拱廊市场./ɑːtʃ; ɑrtʃ/ n  1 curved structure supporting the weight of sth above it, eg a bridge or the upper storey of a building 拱（用以支撑如桥梁或上层建筑重量的弧形结构）: a bridge with three arches 有三个拱的桥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 (also archway) similar structure forming a passageway or an ornamental gateway 拱道; 拱门; 拱形牌坊: Go through the arch and follow the path. 穿过拱门, 沿着那条路走. * Marble Arch is a famous London landmark. 大理石拱门是着名的伦敦标志.  3 thing shaped like an arch, esp the raised part of the foot between the sole and the heel 拱形物; （尤指）足底弓. =>illus at foot 见foot之插图.

v  1 [Tn] form (sth) into an arch 将（某物）构成拱形; 拱起: The cat arched its back when it saw the dog. 那猫看见狗时就拱起了背.  2 [Ipr] ~ across/over sth form an arch across sth; span sth 形成拱形跨越某物; 用拱连接: Tall trees arched across the river. 高大的树木成拱形横跨过那条河.

/ɑːtʃ; ɑrtʃ/ adj [attrib 作定语] playful in a deliberate or an affected way 调皮的; 淘气的: an arch smile, glance, look, etc 淘气的微笑, 目光, 神情等.comb form 构词成分  1 chief; most important 为首的; 最重要的: archangel * archbishop.  2 extremely bad 极坏的: arch-enemy./ˌɑːtʃ ˈenəmɪ; `ɑrtʃ`ɛnɪmɪ/ n  1 [C] chief enemy 大敌; 主要敌人.  2 the Arch-enemy [sing] the Devil 魔王; 撒旦./ˌɑːkɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌɑrkɪə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj of or related to archaeology 考古学的; 与考古学有关的: archaeological finds 考古发现./ˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪst; ˌɑrkɪ`ɑlədʒɪst/ n expert in archaeology 考古学家./ˌɑːkɪˈɒlədʒɪ; ˌɑrkɪ`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] study of ancient civilizations by scientific analysis of physical remains found in the ground 考古学./ɑːˈkeɪɪk; ɑr`keɪk/ adj  1 of a much earlier or an ancient period in history 古代的.  2 (esp of words, etc in a language) no longer in current use （尤指词语）已不通用的, 古体的, 陈旧的: `Thou art' is an archaic form of `you are'. `Thou art'是`you are'的古体./ˈɑːkeɪɪzəm; `ɑrkeˌɪzəm/ n  1 [C] archaic word or expression 古字; 古词; 古语.  2 [U] use or imitation of what is archaic, esp in language and art 拟古, 拟古主义（尤指在语言及艺术上）./ˈɑːkˌeɪndʒl; `ɑrk`endʒəl/ n angel of the highest rank 天使长; 大天使./ˌɑːtʃˈbɪʃəp; `ɑrtʃ`bɪʃəp/ n bishop of the highest rank, responsible for a large church district 大主教./ˌɑːtʃˈbɪʃəprɪk; ˌɑrtʃ`bɪʃəprɪk/ n  1 position of archbishop 大主教的职位.  2 district under the care of an archbishop 大主教的管区./ˌɑːtʃˈdiːkən; `ɑrtʃ`dikən/ n (in the Anglican Church) priest next below the rank of bishop （英国国教的）副主教.n position, rank or house of an archdeacon 副主教的职位, 级别或住所./ˌɑːtʃˈdaɪəsɪs; `ɑrtʃ`daɪəˌsɪs/ n district under the care of an archbishop; archbishopric 大主教管区./ˌɑːtʃˈdjuːk; <i>US</i> -ˈduːk; `ɑrtʃ`duk/ n (fem 阴性作 archduchess / 9B:tF5dQtFIs; `BrtF`dQtFIs/) duke of the highest rank, esp (formerly) the son of the Austrian Emperor 大公（尤指旧时奥国皇太子）./ˈɑːtʃə(r); `ɑrtʃɚ/ n person who shoots with a bow and arrows, esp as a sport or (formerly) in battle 射箭运动员; （旧时）弓箭手. =>illus 见插图./ˈɑːtʃərɪ; `ɑrtʃərɪ/ n [U] skill or sport of shooting with a bow and arrows 射箭术; 射箭运动. =>illus 见插图./ˈɑːkɪtaɪpl, ˌɑːkɪˈtaɪpl; `ɑrkɪ`taɪpl/ adj./ˈɑːkɪtaɪp; `ɑrkəˌtaɪp/ n  1 original or ideal model from which others are copied; prototype 原始模型; 原型.  2 typical example of sth 某事物的典型. /ˌɑːkɪˈpeləgəʊ; ˌɑrkə`pɛləˌˇo/ n (pl ~s or ~es) (sea surrounding a) group of many islands 群岛; 群岛周围的海./ˈɑːkɪtekt; `ɑrkəˌtɛkt/ n person who designs buildings and supervises their construction 建筑师; 设计师 : the architect's plans for the new theatre 建筑师兴建新剧院的设计图 * (fig 比喻) He was one of the principal architects of the revolution. 他是那次革命的一位发动者./ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl; ˌɑrkə`tɛktʃərəl/ adj of or related to architecture 建筑学的; 建筑上的: an architectural triumph 建筑学的成就. architecturally adv: The house is of little interest architecturally. 这所房子在建筑学上无足轻重./ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r); `ɑrkəˌtɛktʃɚ/ n [U]  1 art and science of designing and constructing buildings 建筑学.  2 design or style of a building or buildings 建筑设计; 建筑风格: the architecture of the eighteenth century 十八世纪的建筑风格 * Modern architecture depresses me. 现代的建筑设计使我感到很憋闷./ˈɑːkaɪvz; `ɑrkaɪvz/ n [pl]  1 (collection of) historical documents or records of a government, town, etc （政府或城镇等的）档案, 案卷: I found this old map in the family archives. 我在家谱中发现了这幅旧地图.  2 place where such records are kept 档案保管处; 档案馆./ˈɑːkɪvɪst; `ɑrkəvɪst/ n person who is trained to keep archives 档案保管员./ˈɑːtʃweɪ; `ɑrtʃˌwe/ n = arch1 2./ˈɑːktɪk; `ɑrktɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of the regions around the North Pole 北极的; 北极区的. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图.  2 arctic (a) very cold 极冷的; 严寒的: arctic weather 严寒的天气 * The conditions were arctic. 周围环境极冷. (b) [attrib 作定语] suitable for such conditions 适于寒冷的: arctic clothing 寒衣./ˈɑːdnt; `ɑrdnt/ adj full of ardour; enthusiastic 热心的; 热情的: an ardent supporter of the local football team 本地足球队的球迷 * ardent in her admiration of the artist 她对那位艺术家的倾慕. adv./ˈɑːdə(r); `ɑrdɚ/ n [U] ~ (for sb/sth) great warmth of feeling; enthusiasm; zeal 热情; 热心: His ardour for the cause inspired his followers. 他对事业的热情激励着他的追随者./ˈɑːdjʊəs; <i>US</i> -dʒʊ-; `ɑrdʒᴜəs/ adj needing much effort or energy; laborious 艰巨的; 费力的: an arduous task 艰巨的任务 * The work is arduous and the hours are long. 工作吃力, 时间又长. adv.=> be.

/ɑː(r); ɑr/ n metric unit of area, equal to 100 square metres 公亩（等于100平方米）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈeərɪə; `ɛrɪə/ n  1 (a) [U] extent or measurement of a surface 面积（表面的范围或量度）: The area of the office is 35 square metres. 办公室的面积是35平方米. * The kitchen is 12 square metres in area/has an area of 12 square metres. 厨房的面积是12平方米. =>App 4 见附录4. (b) [C] particular measured surface 面积（某一量度的表面）: Compare the areas of these triangles. 比较一下这些三角形的面积. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 volume 2.  2 [C] (a) part of a surface 表面的一部分: Clean the area round the cooker. 把炊具周围弄乾净. (b) region of the earth's surface; district of a city, etc （地球表面的）地域; （城市等的）地区: mountainous, uninhabited, desert, etc areas of the world 世界上的山脉的, 无人居住的, 沙漠的地域 * Do you like the area (ie neighbourhood) where you're living? 你喜欢你居住的地区吗? (c) space reserved for a specific use 留作某种用途的空间: a `picnic area 野餐区 * the re`ception area 接待处.  3 [C] range of activity or interest 领域; 方面: the area of finance, training, development, etc 财政, 训练, 发展方面 * The meeting revealed certain areas of disagreement, ie matters on which those present did not agree. 会议上暴露出某些分歧之处（出席者意见不一致的事项）.  4 [C] small courtyard in front of the basement of a house, usu with access to the street 地下室前的小庭院（通常可通往街道）: [attrib 作定语] sitting on the area steps 坐在地下室前小庭院的台阶上.identifying an area or region, used before the local telephone number 电话分区代号（用于当地电话号码之前）. =>App 4 见附录4./ˈærɪkə, əˈriːkə; `ærɪkə, ə`rikə/ n tropical Asiatic palm-tree bearing white flowers and orange or red nuts 槟榔树.seed of this tree 槟榔果./ɑːnt; ɑrnt/ contracted form 缩约式 (infml 口)  1 are not: They aren't here. 他们不在这里.  2 (in questions 用于问句) am not: Aren't I clever? 难道我不聪明吗? => be./əˈriːnə; ə`rinə/ n  1 level area in the centre of an amphitheatre or a sports stadium 圆形剧场或运动场中心的平地.  2 (fig 比喻) place or scene of activity or conflict 活动或斗争的场所或场面: the political arena 政治舞台./ˈæret; æ`ret/ n sharp mountain ridge, esp in Switzerland 陡峭的山脊（尤指瑞士的）./ˈɑːgɒn; `ɑrˇɑn/ n [U] chemical element, an almost inert gas present in the atmosphere 氩. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈɑːgəʊ; `ɑrˇo/ n [U] words and phrases used by a particular group (esp thieves) and not intended to be understood by others; cant 某集体（尤指盗贼）不欲人知而使用的词语; 黑话; 切口; 隐语; 暗语; 行话./ˈɑːgjʊəbl; `ɑrˇjᴜəbl/ adj  1 that can be argued or asserted 可论证的; 可断言的: It is arguable that we would be just as efficient with fewer staff. 我们的职员少一些也能发挥同样效率, 这是言之成理的.  2 not certain; questionable 可疑的; 有问题的: This account contains many arguable statements. 这种说法含有很多疑点. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv one can argue(2) that 可争辩地; 按理; 按说: John sings very well though Peter is arguably the better actor. 约翰唱得很好, 不过按理说彼得演得更好./ˈɑːgjuː; `ɑrˇju/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) express an opposite opinion; exchange angry words; quarrel 争论; 争辩; 争吵: The couple next door are always arguing. 邻居的夫妇总吵架. * Don't argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩. * We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. 我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱.  2 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (for/against sth) give reasons for or against sth, esp with the aim of persuading sb 说理; 争辩; 辩论: He argues convincingly. 他的辩解很有说服力. * argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论 * I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) discuss (sth); debate 讨论; 辩论: The lawyers argued the case for hours. 律师们对那个案件辩论了几小时.  4 (idm 习语),argue the `toss say that one disagrees about a decision反对某项决定: Let's not argue the toss  we have to accept his choice. 我们不必争论已经决定的事--只好听他的.  5 (phr v) argue sb into/out of doing sth persuade sb to do/not to do sth by giving reasons 说服, 劝说某人做[不做]某事: They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉./ˈɑːgjʊmənt; `ɑrˇjəmənt/ n  1 [C] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) disagreement; quarrel 争论; 争辩; 争吵: get into/have an argument with the referee (about his decision) 与裁判员争辩（他所做的裁判）.  2 [U] discussion based on reasoning 争论; 辩论: We agreed without much further argument. 我们没怎么进一步争论就达成了一致意见.  3 [C] ~ (for/against sth); ~ (that...) reason or reasons put forward 论据; 论点; 理由: There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment. 对于执行死刑, 赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据. * The Government's argument is that they must first aim to beat inflation. 政府的论点是必须首先着眼于抑制通货膨胀.  4 [C] summary of the subject matter of a book, etc; theme 概要; 梗概; 主题.  5 (idm 习语) for the sake of argument => sake.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 An argument (over/about sth) is a strong verbal disagreement between people *argument一词（後可接over/about某事物）指人与人之间用激烈言语表达的分歧: Most families have arguments over money. 大多数家庭都有金钱方面 的争执. *  I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden. 我和邻人因其花园  一棵树的事而争了起来.  2 A quarrel is a sharp, often angry, exchange of words between people *quarrel指尖锐的, 常为气愤的言语交锋: The whole thing turned into a bitter quarrel. 整件事酿成了激烈的争吵.  3 A row is angry and may involve shouting, usually for a short time *row一词意含愤怒, 可能夹杂着喊叫, 通常为时短暂: She had a dreadful row with her parents and left home. 她和父母大吵一场就离开了家. A row can also take place between public figures or organizations *row还可发生于头面人物之间或组织机构之间: There was a huge row in Parliament and the minister resigned. 议会上举座哗然, 部长旋即辞职.  4 Altercation is a formal word and indicates a noisy argument. *altercation是个文雅的词, 意为吵吵嚷嚷的争辩.  5 A fight generally involves force or weapons rather than words *fight一般涉及使用暴力或凶器而不限于言语: The argument turned into a fight when knives were produced. 一亮出刀来, 那场争论就演变成武斗了./ˌɑːgjʊmenˈteɪʃn; ˌɑrˇjəmɛn`teʃən/ n [U] (fml 文) process of arguing; debate 立论; 论证; 辩论; 争论./ˌɑːgjʊˈmentətɪv; ˌɑrˇjə`mɛntətɪv/ adj fond of arguing (argue 1) 爱争论的; 好辩论的. adj./ˌɑːdʒɪ ˈbɑːdʒɪ; `ɑrdʒɪ `bɑrdʒɪ/ n [U] (Brit infml 口) noisy but usu not serious quarrelling 嘈杂的但常为不严重的争吵; 吵嘴; 拌嘴; 抬杠; 吵闹: What's all this argy-bargy? 怎么回事, 这么吵吵嚷嚷的?/ˈɑːrɪə; `ɑrɪə/ n song for one voice, esp in an opera or oratorio 咏叹调（尤指歌剧或清唱剧中者）./ˈærɪd; `ærɪd/ adj  1 (of land or climate) having little or no rainfall; dry （指土壤或气候）乾旱的, 乾燥的: the arid deserts of Africa 非洲的乾旱沙漠 * Nothing grows in these arid conditions. 在这些乾旱环境中, 寸草不生.  2 dull; uninteresting 枯燥的; 无趣味的: have long, arid discussions about unimportant matters 对鸡毛蒜皮的事进行的冗长而枯燥的讨论. /əˈrɪdətɪ; ə`rɪdətɪ/ n [U]. adv. n [U]./ˈeəriːz; `ɛriz/ n 1 [U] the first sign of the zodiac, the Ram 白羊宫（黄道第一宫）.  2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) person born under the influence of this sign 属白羊宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图./əˈraɪt; ə`raɪt/ adv (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (never used in front of the v 不可用于动词之前) rightly 正确; 对: Do I hear you aright? 你的意思我理解得对吗?/əˈraɪz; ə`raɪz/ v (pt arose / E5rEUz; E`roz/, pp arisen / E5rIzn; E`rIzn/)  1 [I] become evident; appear; originate 呈现; 出现; 发生: A new difficulty has arisen. 出现了新困难. * Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱. * A storm arose during the night. 夜间起风暴了.  2 [Ipr] ~ out of/from sth follow as a result of sth 因某事物而产生, 造成, 引起: problems arising out of the lack of communication 由于缺乏交流而产生的问题 * Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting? 关于上次会议的记录有没有问题?  3 [I] (arch 古) get up or stand up 起身; 起来; 起立./ˌærɪˈstɒkrəsɪ; ˌærə`stɑkrəsɪ/ n  1 [CGp] highest social class; the nobility 贵族阶级; 贵族: members of the aristocracy 贵族成员.  2 (a) [U] government by people of the highest social class 贵族政府; 贵族统治. (b) [C] country or state with such a government 贵族统治的国家或政体.  3 [C] most able or gifted members of any class （任何阶级或阶层的）最优秀的人物: an aristocracy of talent 人杰./ˈærɪstəkræt; <i>US</i> əˈrɪst-; ə`rɪstəˌkræt/ n member of the aristocracy; nobleman or noblewoman 贵族的成员; 贵族. Cf 参看 commoner./ˌærɪstəˈkrætɪk; <i>US</i> əˌrɪstə-; əˌrɪstə`krætɪk/ adj belonging to or typical of the aristocracy 贵族的; 贵族统治的; 有贵族气派的: an aristocratic name, family, bearing, life-style 贵族的名字, 家庭, 仪态, 生活方式. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˈrɪθmətɪk; ə`rɪθməˌtɪk/ n [U] (a) branch of mathematics that deals with calculations using numbers 算术. (b) these calculations 算术的计算.

/ˌærɪθˈmetɪk; ˌærɪθ`mɛtɪk/, arithmetical adjs of or concerning arithmetic 算术的; 关于算术的. ,arithmetic pro`gression (also arith,metical pro`gression) series of numbers that increase or decrease by the same amount each time, eg 1, 2, 3, etc or 8, 6, 4, etc 算数级数, 等差级数（如1, 2, 3等或8, 6, 4等）. Cf 参看 geometric progression (geometry). /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˌrɪθməˈtɪʃn; ə`rɪθmə`tɪʃən/ n expert in arithmetic 算术家./ɑːk; ɑrk/ n (in the Bible) ship in which Noah, his family and animals were saved from the Flood 方舟（《圣经》中挪亚及其家人和动物为避洪水而乘的大船）./ɑːm; ɑrm/ n  1 either of the two upper limbs of the human body, from the shoulder to the hand 上肢（肩到手的部分）; 手臂: She held the baby in her arms. 她抱着那个婴儿. * He gave her his arm (ie let her hold it for support) as they crossed the road. 他们横过马路的时候, 他向她伸出手臂（使她挽住）. * She was carrying a book under her arm, ie between her arm and her body. 她腋下挟着一本书. * He rushed into her arms, ie to be embraced by her. 他投入她的怀抱中. =>illus at human 见human之插图.  2 sleeve 袖子: There's a tear in the arm of my jacket. 我上衣袖子上有个破口.  3 thing that is shaped like or operates like an arm 臂状物: the arms of a chair, ie parts on which the arms can rest 椅子的扶手 * an arm of the sea, ie a long inlet 海湾 * an arm of a tree, ie a large branch 大树枝 * the (pick-up) arm of a record-player 电唱头（拾音器）臂. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  4 (idm 习语) ,arm in `arm (of two people) with the arm of one linked with the arm of the other （指两人）挎着胳膊, 臂挽着臂: strolling happily arm in arm 臂挽着臂愉快地散步. =>illus 见插图. the (long) arm of the `law (extent of) the authority or power of the law 法律的权威或力量（的限度）: He fled to Brazil trying to escape the long arm of the law. 他逃到巴西, 企图逃避恢恢法网. at arm's `length with the arm fully extended away from the body 以一臂之距: holding one's hand out at arm's length 伸直手臂. a babe in arms => babe. chance one's arm => chance2. fold one's arms => fold1. fold sb/sth in one's arms => fold1. have a long arm => long1. keep sb at arm's length not allow oneself to become too friendly with sb 与某人保持距离; 不使自己太亲近某人. a shot in the arm => shot1. twist sb's arm => twist. with arms akimbo with one's hands on one's hips and one's elbows pointed outwards 双手叉着腰. =>illus 见插图. with open `arms => open1.

/ɑːm; ɑrm/ n branch or division of a country's military forces 兵种: troops supported by the air arm 有空军支援的部队.

/ɑːm; ɑrm/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (with sth) supply or equip oneself/sb with weapons; prepare for war or fighting 供给自己[某人]武器; 武装; 装备; 备战: The enemy is arming. 敌人正在备战. * The mob armed themselves with sticks and stones. 暴乱的群众用棍子和石块作武器. * Police say the man is armed and dangerous. 警方称该男子携有武器, 十分危险. * warships armed with nuclear weapons 有核武器装备的军舰 * (fig 比喻) She arrived at the interview armed with lists of statistics. 她带着统计资料前往面试.  2 [Tn] make (a bomb, etc) ready to explode 使（炸弹等）准备爆炸.  3 (idm 习语) ,armed to the `teeth having many weapons 武装到牙齿（全副武装）.n band of material worn round the arm or sleeve 臂环; 袖箍; 臂章; 袖章: Many people at the funeral were wearing black arm-bands. 在丧礼上, 很多人臂戴黑纱./ɑːˈmɑːdə; ɑr`mɑdə/ n  1 [C] large fleet of ships 舰队.  2 the Armada [sing] the Spanish fleet sent to attack England in 1588  无敌舰队（1588年被派遣进攻英国的西班牙舰队）./ˌɑːməˈdɪləʊ; ˌɑrmə`dɪlo/ n (pl ~s) small burrowing animal of S America with a shell of bony plates around its body which allow it to roll up into a ball when attacked 犰狳（产于南美洲的穴居小动物, 身体覆盖有骨质板甲胄, 遇敌时全身可缩成一团）./ˌɑːməˈgedn; ˌɑrmə`ˇɛdn/ n [sing]  1 (in the Bible) scene of the final conflict between good and evil at the end of the world （《圣经》中）世界末日善与恶决战的战场.  2 (fig 比喻) any similar dramatic conflict （任何类似的）大决战./ˈɑːməmənt; `ɑrməmənt/ n  1 [C often pl 常作复数] weapons, esp the guns on a tank, an aircraft, etc 武器; （尤指坦克, 飞机等配备的）大炮: [attrib 作定语] the armaments industry 军火工业.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] military forces equipped for war 武装力量; 军事力量.  3 [U] process of equipping military forces for war 武装（过程）./ˈɑːmətʃə(r); `ɑrmətʃɚ/ n part of a dynamo that rotates in a magnetic field to produce an electric current; rotating coil(s) in an electric motor 电枢; 转子; 电枢线圈; 衔铁线圈.n chair with supports for the arms （单座的）沙发. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  adj [attrib 作定语] without having or providing practical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的: armchair critics 空谈的批评家 * an armchair traveller, ie sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅行者（只阅读或听说关于旅游的事而不亲身旅行的人） * armchair theatre, eg plays on radio or TV 广播剧（如无线电或电视广播的戏剧）.policy of remaining neutral but prepared for defence against attack 武装中立（保持中立但准备自卫的政策）./ˈɑːmfʊl; `ɑrmˌfᴜl/ n quantity that can be carried by one or both arms 单臂或双臂围住的量: armfuls of flowers 一抱一抱的花 * carrying books by the armful 携带着成抱的书.n opening in a garment through which the arm is put 袖孔./ˈɑːmɪstɪs; `ɑrməstɪs/ n agreement during a war to stop fighting for a certain time; truce 休战; 停战; 休战条约; 停战条约.11 November, the anniversary of the armistice that ended fighting in World War I  （第一次世界大战的）停战纪念日（11月11日）. Cf 参看 Remembrance Sunday (remembrance)./ˈɑːmlɪt; `ɑrmlɪt/ n = arm-band./ɑːˈmɔːrɪəl; ɑr`mɔrɪəl/ adj of heraldry or coats of arms (coat of arms (coat)) 纹章的; 盾徽的: armorial bearings 盾形纹章./ˈɑːmə(r); `ɑrmɚ/ n [U]  1 (formerly) protective, usu metal, covering for the body, worn when fighting （旧时）甲胄; 盔甲; 铁甲: a suit of armour 一套盔甲.  2 metal plates covering warships, tanks, etc to protect them from shells, missiles, etc （军舰, 坦克等的防炮弹, 导弹等的）装甲（板）.  3 group of vehicles protected in this way 装甲车辆, 装甲部队: an attack by infantry and armour 步兵和装甲兵的进攻.  4 (idm 习语) a chink in sb's armour => chink1.n sheet of metal used as armour(2) 装甲板.adj  1 covered or protected with armour (2)装甲的: an armoured car 装甲车 * The cruiser was heavily armoured. 那艘巡洋舰有坚固的装甲.  2 equipped with armoured vehicles 配备有装甲车辆的: an armoured column, division, etc 装甲纵队, 师等.n  1 person who makes or repairs weapons and armour 武器和甲胄的制造或维修者.  2 person in charge of firearms 军械士./ˈɑːmərɪ; `ɑrmərɪ/ n place where arms and armour are kept; arsenal 军械库; 兵工厂.n hollow under the arm at the shoulder 腋窝; 夹肢窝; 胳肢窝. =>illus at human 见human之插图./ɑːmz; ɑrmz/ n [pl]  1 weapons, eg guns, rifles, explosives, etc 武器（如枪, 炮, 炸药等）: arms and ammunition 武器和弹药 * Policemen on special duties may carry arms. 执行特种任务的警察可以携带武器. * [attrib 作定语] an arms depot 军火库.  2 =coat of arms (coat).  3 (idm 习语) bear arms => bear2. brothers in arms => brother. ground arms => ground2. take up arms (against sb) (fml 文) (prepare to) go to war; begin to fight 拿起武器; （准备）作战. under `arms equipped with weapons and ready to fight 配备武器, 严阵以待: a force of 300000 already under arms30万军队严阵以待. (be) up in `arms (about/over sth) protesting strongly about sth 强烈反对: The whole village is up in arms about the proposal to build an airport nearby. 全村强烈反对在附近修建机场的计划.competition among nations in which each tries to become militarily stronger than the others 军备竞赛./ˈɑːmɪ; `ɑrmɪ/ n  1 (a) [CGp] part of a country's military forces that is organized and equipped for fighting on land 陆军: The two armies fought for control of the bridge. 两军为占据那座桥而战. (b) the army [sing] profession of being a soldier 当兵的职业: go into, be in, join, leave, etc the army 参军[当兵/入伍/退伍] * [attrib 作定语] army life 部队的生活.  2 [CGp] large number (of people, animals, etc) （人, 动物等的）大军, 大群: an army of workmen, officials, ants 大群工人, 官员, 蚂蚁.  3 [CGp] organized group of people formed for a purpose 集团; 团体: an army of volunteers 自愿者组成的团体; 志愿军 * the Salvation Army 救世军./əˈrəʊmə; ə`romə/ n (esp pleasant) distinctive smell; fragrance 芳香; 香气: the aroma of coffee, cigars, hot chestnuts 咖啡, 雪茄, 热栗子的香味./ˌrəˈmtɪk; ˌærə`mætɪk/ adj having a pleasant, distinctive smell; fragrant 芳香的; 有香味的: aromatic spices 香料.pt of arise./əˈraʊnd; ə`raᴜnd/ adv  1 on every side; in every direction 在四周; 在周围: hear laughter all around 听到四周的笑声.  2 (infml 口 esp US) approximately; about1(1) 大约; 大概: around 100 people 大约100人 * at around five o'clock 5点钟左右.  3 (in measurements) following the circumference （度量）周长: an old tree that was six feet around 一棵周长6英尺的老树.

/əˈraʊnd; ə`raᴜnd/ adv part (esp US)  1 (a) here and there; in many directions 到处; 四面八方: run, drive, walk, look, etc around 到处跑, 驾驶, 走, 看等 * children playing around on the sand 在沙地上各处玩耍的孩子们 * travel around in Europe for six weeks 在欧洲各地旅行6个星期. (b) here and there within a particular area （在某一范围内）四处: Several young girls were sitting around looking bored. 有几个女孩儿没精打彩地随处坐着. * books left around on the floor 满地放着书.  2 in circulation; available 流通; 可得到的: There was a lot of money around in those days. 那年月有很多富裕钱. * There will be new potatoes around in the shops soon. 新下来的马铃薯不久就要上市了. * Cable television has been around for some time now. 有线电视面世已有些时日了.  3 (a) in the surrounding area; near 在附近; 在近处: I can't see anyone around. 我看见附近一个人都没有. * See you soon, I expect  I'll be around. 希望不久能见到你--我就在附近. (b) throughout the surrounding area or building 遍及周围的地区或建筑物: I'll send someone to show you around. 我派人带你到周围转转. * You have 15 minutes to look around. 你有15分钟的时间到周围看看.  4 through an angle of 180 经过180角; 向相反的方向: Turn around, ie so as to face in the opposite direction. 向後转. Cf 参看 about2.  5 (idm 习语) be around be active and prominent in a particular field or profession 在某一领域或行业中活跃而突出: a new tennis champion who could be around for the next few years 以後几年能大显身手的新网球冠军 * She's been around as a film director since the 1960's. 从六十年代起, 她就一直是个很活跃的电影导演. have been around have gained knowledge and experience of the world, esp in sexual matters 有见识; 有阅历（尤指性事）: He pretends he's been around but he's really very immature. 他装作老于世故, 而实际上却很不成熟. * You won't fool her  she's been around, you know. 你骗不到她的--你要知道她是情场老手.

/əˈraʊnd; ə`raᴜnd/ prep (esp US)  1 (a) here and there in; to many places within (a larger area) 到处; （在较大范围内）向各处: running around the playground 在运动场上到处跑 * travel around the world 环球旅行. (b) here and there in; at many points within (a particular area) 到处; （在某范围内）在各点: Chairs were left untidily around the room. 屋  到处乱放着椅子. * Blobs of paint were dotted around the canvas. 油画布上满是涂抹的颜料.  2 near (a place) 在近处; 在附近: It's around here somewhere. 它就在附近某处. * I saw him around the place this morning. 今天早晨我看见他就在那儿附近.  3 (a) forming a circle round (sth); following (such a route) 围绕; 环绕: He put his arms around her shoulders. 他搂抱着她的双肩. * run around the block 围绕着大楼跑 * The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳运转. (b) follow the curve of (sth) 沿着某物的曲线: going around the corner at 80 mph 以每小时80英里的速度转弯.  4 (at) approximately (a time or date) （在）大约（某时或某日）: See you around 7.30.  7点30分左右见. * It'll be finished around Christmas. 这事将在圣诞节前後完成. * fashionable around the turn of the century 在世纪之交时流行的 * It happened around 10 years ago. 那是大约在十年前发生的事. Cf 参看 about3./əˈraʊzl; ə`raᴜzl/ n./əˈraʊz; ə`raᴜz/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) wake sb from sleep 唤醒某人: He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell. 他午睡时被门铃吵醒.  2 [Tn] cause (sth) to appear; awaken 引起（某事物）; 激发: Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions. 她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑. * He succeeded in arousing the nation's sympathy. 他已经激发了全民的同情.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/out of sth) cause sb to become active 鼓动, 鼓励, 激励某人: arouse sb from apathy, inactivity, etc 鼓励某人活跃起来, 活动起来等. (b) [Tn] stimulate (sb) sexually （在性欲方面）刺激（某人）. Cf 参看 rouse. /ɑːˈpedʒɪəʊ; ɑr`pɛdʒɪˌo/ n (pl ~s) (music 音) (a) notes of a chord1 played quickly one after the other, not simultaneously 琶音; 急速和弦. (b) playing or singing of a chord in this way 琶音的演唱; 急速和弦的演奏: practising arpeggios 练习演奏急速和弦.abbr 缩写 =  1 (music 音) arranged (by): English folk song, arr Percy Grainger 由格兰杰改编的英国民歌.  2 arrival; arrive(s); arrived; arriving: arr London 06.00 早晨6时整抵达伦敦. Cf 参看 dep 1./ˈærək; `ærək/ n [U] strong alcoholic drink made in Eastern countries （东方国家所酿制的）阿拉克烧酒./əˈreɪn; ə`ren/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (law 律) bring a criminal charge against sb; bring sb to court for trial 控告某人; 提讯, 传讯某人: arraign sb on a charge of murder 控告某人犯谋杀罪 * He was arraigned for theft. 他因偷窃罪被传讯.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) criticize (sth) strongly 强烈谴责（某事物）. n [U, C]./əˈreɪndʒ; ə`rendʒ/ v  1 [Tn] put (sth) in order; make tidy, neat or attractive 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: arrange the books on the shelves 整理书架上的书 * arrange some flowers in a vase 插好花瓶  的花 * She arranged all her business affairs before going on holiday. 她在度假前把业务都安排好了.  2 (a) [Tn] plan the details of (a future event); organize in advance 筹备; 安排: arrange a dinner to celebrate their anniversary 筹备庆祝他们周年纪念的聚餐 * arrange a programme, a timetable, an itinerary, etc 安排节目, 时间表, 旅行计划等 * Her marriage was arranged by her parents, ie They chose her future husband. 她的婚姻是父母包办的. (b) [Ipr, Tt] ~ for sb/sth (to do sth) make sth happen; ensure that sth happens 使某事物发生; 确保某事物发生; 准备; 设法: I've arranged for a car (to meet you at the airport). 我已经准备了一辆汽车（到机场接你）. * I'll arrange to be in when you call. 你来电话的时候, 我一定在屋里等着.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ with sb about sth; ~ (with sb) to do sth agree with sb about sth or to do sth 约定; 商定: I've arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cats. 我已和邻居商量妥喂猫的事. * Let's arrange a time and place for our next meeting. 咱们定好下次会议的时间和地点吧. * I arranged with my parents that we could borrow their car. 我和父母说好我们可以用他们的汽车. * They arranged to meet at 7 o'clock. 他们约好7点钟见.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) adapt (a piece of music) for a particular instrument, voice, etc 改编（乐曲）: He arranged many traditional folk songs (for the piano). 他（为钢琴演奏）改编了很多传统民歌.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verbs arrange, organize and plan all have two main meanings.*arrange, organize, plan 这三个动词都含有两层主要意思. The first is connected with putting things in order, the second with making preparations in advance. 一是把事物按顺序排好, 二是事先作好准备.  1 Arrange is to put in a pleasing or correct order*arrange指的是排成合意的或正确的顺序: You must arrange these books in alphabetical order. 你要把这些书按字母顺序排好. Organize is to put into a working system *organize是指理成便于工作的次序: To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas logically. 要写出好文章, 必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪. Plan is to draw a diagram of a place, project, etc *plan是指勾画出一地方或工程等的图样: Before we buy anything, let's plan the kitchen on paper. 咱们先在纸上画出厨房的图样再买东西.  2 When we arrange a meeting we invite all the necessary people  我们 arrange一会议, 意思是邀请必要到会的人: Could you arrange a meeting with Mrs Wilson for Monday, please? 是否能请你邀请威尔逊夫人星期一到会? To organize a meeting we need to make all the necessary provisions, eg book a room, provide equipment and refreshments, etc  要organize一会议, 我们需要作好一切必要的准备, 如预定房间, 提供设施和茶点等: Who's going to organize the sandwiches for Monday's meeting? 谁来准备星期一会议上的三明治? When we plan a meeting, we decide in detail on its length, on the agenda, etc  我们plan一会议, 就要确定会议的长短, 议事程序等细节: If we don't plan this meeting properly, we'll get side-tracked into discussing unimportant issues. 倘若我们计划不好这一会议, 就会使讨论扯到枝节问题上去了./əˈreɪndʒmənt; ə`rendʒmənt/ n  1 (a) [U] putting in order; arranging 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: Can I leave the arrangement of the tables to you? 我把安排这些桌子的事交给你办行吗? (b) [C] result of this; thing arranged 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: a plan of the seating arrangements 座次安排计划 * Her flower arrangement won first prize. 她的插花赢得头奖.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (about/for sth) plan; preparation 计划; 筹备; 准备; 安排: He's responsible for all the travel arrangements. 他负责旅行的一切安排. * Please make your own arrangements for accommodation. 请自行安排食宿. * I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. 我将安排到机场接你的事.  3 [U, C]~ (with sb) to do sth; ~ (with sb) (about/over sth)agreement; settlement 同意; 约定; 解决: Appointments can be made by arrangement (with my secretary). 约见时间可以（与我的秘书）商定解决. * We can come to some arrangement over the price. 价钱方面, 我们可以商议解决. * I have an arrangement with your bank to cash cheques here. 我已和贵方银行商妥, 支票可以在此兑现.  4 [C] adaptation of a piece of music 改编的乐曲: a new arrangement of a popular dance tune 新改编的流行舞曲./ˈærənt; `ærənt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of a bad person or thing) to the highest degree; utter （指坏人或坏事）绝顶的, 十足的, 完全的: an arrant fool, hypocrite, liar, rogue, etc 十足的傻瓜, 伪君子, 说谎者, 流氓等 * He's talking arrant nonsense. 他完全胡说八道./əˈreɪ; ə`re/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文)  1 place (esp armed forces, troops, etc) in battle order 部署（尤指兵力等）: His soldiers were arrayed along the river bank. 他的士兵沿着河岸摆开阵势.  2 dress or clothe (sb/oneself) 穿着: arrayed in ceremonial robes 穿着长袍礼服.

n  1 [C] impressive display or series 展示; 显示; 陈列; 一系列: an array of facts, information, statistics, etc 一连串的事实, 信息, 统计数字等 * an array of bottles of different shapes and sizes 各式各样大小不一的瓶子.  2 [U] (fml 文) clothes; clothing 衣服; 服装: The royal couple appeared in splendid array. 王室伉俪身穿盛装出现.  3 [C] (computing 计) collection of data arranged so that it can be extracted by means of a special program 数组, 阵列（可经某种程序取出的一系列数据）./əˈrɪəz; ə`rɪrz/ n [pl]  1 money that is owed and should have been paid earlier （过时未付的）欠款: arrears of salary 欠薪 * rent arrears 欠租.  2 work that has not yet been done 未做完的工作: arrears of correspondence, ie letters waiting to be answered 待覆的信件.  3 (idm 习语) be in/fall into arrears (with sth) (a) be late in paying money that is owed 拖欠: I have fallen into arrears with my rent. 我已经拖欠租金了. * Payment is made in arrears, ie at the end of the period in which eg the work was done. 後行付款（在最後的一段时间付款, 例如工作完成後）. (b) be late in doing work that is necessary 拖延（应做的事）: I'm in arrears with the housework. 我的家务事还拖着呢./əˈrest; ə`rɛst/ v [Tn]  1 seize (sb) with the authority of the law 依法逮捕, 拘留, 扣留（某人）: After the match three youths were arrested. 比赛过後有三个青年被捕.  2 (fml 文) stop or check (a process or movement) 阻止或抑制（进展或运动）: Attempts are being made to arrest the spread of the disease. 现正设法遏止这种疾病的蔓延.  3 attract (sth) 吸引（某事物）: An unusual painting arrested his attention. 一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意.

n  1 act of arresting (arrest 1) 逮捕; 拘留: The police made several arrests. 警方逮捕了好几个人.  2 stoppage 停止: The patient died after suffering a cardiac arrest, ie when his heart stopped functioning properly. 病人患心搏停止而死亡（心脏停止跳动）.  3 (idm 习语) be/place sb/put sb under arrest be/be made a prisoner 被逮捕; 被拘留; 成为囚犯: I am placing you under arrest for attempted burglary. 我按企图盗窃罪逮捕你. * You are under arrest. 你被捕了.adj attracting attention; striking 引人注意的; 显着的: an arresting smile 引人注目的微笑./əˈraɪvl; ə`raɪvl/ n  1 [U] act of arriving 到达; 抵达: Cheers greeted the arrival of the Queen. 一片欢呼声欢迎女王莅临. * On (your) arrival at the hotel please wait for further instructions. （你）抵达旅馆後, 请听候进一步指示. * to await arrival, ie (on a letter, parcel, etc) to be kept until the person to whom it is addressed arrives 待领（写在信件, 包裹等上面的字样, 意为等候收件人前来领取）.  2 [C] person or thing that arrives 到达的人或物: Late arrivals must wait in the foyer. 来晚的人要在门厅等候. * We're expecting a new arrival (ie a new baby) in the family soon. 我们期待着家中不久将添一个新生儿./əˈraɪv; ə`raɪv/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in...) reach (a place), esp at the end of a journey 到达, 抵达（某地）（尤指旅途的终点）: arrive home 到家 * What time did you arrive? 你几点钟到的? * We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了五分钟. * They will arrive in New York at noon. 他们将于中午到达纽约.  2 [I] (of an event in time) come （指有时间性的事件）到来: The great day has arrived. 伟大的日子已经到来. * The baby finally arrived (ie was born) just after midnight. 婴儿终于在刚过午夜时候降生了.  3 [I] (infml 口) become well known or successful 成名; 成功: You know you've arrived when you're asked to appear on TV. 邀请你在电视上亮相的时候, 你就知道你已经名声在外了.  4 (phr v) arrive at sth reach sth 达成或得出某事物: arrive at an agreement, a decision, a conclusion, etc 达成协议, 作出决定, 得出结论./ˈrəgəns; `ærəˇəns/ n [U]. /ˈærəgənt; `ærəˇənt/ adj behaving in a proud and superior manner; showing too much pride in oneself and too little consideration for others 傲慢的; 自大的: an arrogant tone of voice 傲慢的口气 * It's arrogant of you to assume you'll win every time. 你自以为每次都能赢, 未免太自大了. adv./ˈærəgeɪt; `ærəˌˇet/ v [Tn.pr] (fml 文)  1 ~ sth to oneself claim or take sth to which one has no right 冒称; 妄取: arrogating all the credit to himself 把一切功劳都归于他自己.  2 ~ sth to sb say unjustly that sb thinks or acts wrongly 不公平地说某人错: arrogate evil motives to a rival 硬说对手居心不良./ˈærəʊ; `æro/ n  1 thin pointed stick designed to be shot from a bow1(1) 箭; 矢. =>illus at archery (archer) 见archery之插图.  2 mark or sign resembling this -->, used to show direction or position 箭号, 箭头（即 -->, 用以指示方位）: Follow the arrows on the map. 跟着地图上的箭头走.  3 (idm 习语) straight as an arrow/die => straight1.n pointed end of an arrow 箭头; 箭镞./ˈærəʊruːt; `æroˌrut/ n (a) [U] edible starch prepared from the root of an American plant 竹芋粉. (b) [U, C] this plant 竹芋./ɑːs; ɑrs/ n (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 (US ass / As; As/) buttocks; anus 屁股; 肛门.  2 (usu following an adj 通常用于形容词之後) person 人: You stupid arse! 你这个笨蛋!  3 (idm 习语) lick sb's arse => lick. not know one's arse from one's elbow => know.

v (phr v) arse about/around (<!> Brit sl 讳, 俚) behave in a silly manner 举动愚笨: Stop arsing about and give me back my shoes. 别傻里傻气的, 快把鞋还给我.n (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (often used as a term of abuse 常用作辱骂语) anus 肛门.n (<!> sl 讳, 俚) person who tries to win favours by flattering people 马屁精./ˈɑːsənl; `ɑrsnəl/ n  1 place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored 军械场; 军火库.  2 store of weapons 储藏的武器; 武库: (fig 比喻) The speaker made full use of his arsenal of invective. 演讲者振振有词地大张挞伐./ˈɑːsnɪk; `ɑrsnɪk/ n [U] (chemistry 化)  1 brittle steel-grey element 砷. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 violently poisonous white compound of this 砒霜; 信石./ˈɑːsn; `ɑrsn/ n [U] criminal and deliberate act of setting fire to a house or other building, either from malice or in order to claim insurance money 放火; 纵火./ˈɑːsənɪst; `ɑrsənɪst/ n person who is guilty of arson 放火犯; 纵火犯./ɑːt; ɑrt/ n  1 [U] (a) creation or expression of sth beautiful, esp in a visual form, eg painting, sculpture, etc 美的事物的创造或表现（尤指用视觉形式, 如绘画, 雕刻等）; 艺术; 美术: the art of the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的艺术 * children's art 儿童的艺术 * [attrib 作定语] an art critic, historian, lover, etc 艺术批评家, 艺术史家, 艺术爱好者. (b) skill in such creation 艺术技巧: Her performance displayed great art. 她的表演表现了高度的艺术技巧. * This tapestry is a work of art. 这张挂毯是件艺术品. (c) instances of this 艺术; 美术: [attrib 作定语] an `art exhibition/gallery 艺术展览[馆].  2 the arts [pl] = fine art (fine).  3 arts [pl] subjects of study (eg languages, literature, history) in which imaginative and creative skills are more important than the exact measurement and calculation needed in science 文科: [attrib 作定语] an arts degree with honours in sociology 他持有社会学的文科（荣誉）学位.  4 [C, U] any skill or ability that can be learnt by practice, esp contrasted with scientific technique; knack （尤指与科学技术相对而言的, 经过实践获得的）技能, 技巧: the art of appearing confident at interviews 在面试时表现自信的技巧 * Threading a needle is an art in itself. 穿针引线本身就是一种技巧. * The art of letter-writing is fast disappearing. 尺牍技巧行将消失.  5 (a) [U] cunning; trickery 狡诈; 欺诈. (b) [C] trick; wile 奸计; 诡计: well-practised in the arts of seduction 惯用诱骗诡计.  6 (idm 习语) get sth down to a fine art => fine2.

/ɑːt; ɑrt/ v (arch 古) (2nd pers sing pres t form of be, used with thou  be的单数第二人称现在时态, 与thou连用): `O rose, thou art sick.' ‘玫瑰, 汝病矣.n type of artistic activity involving special materials or techniques 艺术形式: Film-making is now accepted as an art-form. 电影制片现已公认是一种艺术形式./ˈɑːtɪfkt; `ɑrtɪˌfækt/ n thing made by man, esp a tool or weapon of archaeological interest 人工制品（尤指有考古价值的工具或武器）: prehistoric artefacts made of bone and pottery 史前的骨制及陶制器具./ɑːˈtɪərɪəl; ɑr`tɪrɪəl/ adj of or like an artery 动脉的; 像动脉的: the arterial system, ie of the body 动脉网 * arterial roads, ie important main roads （道路的）干线./ɑːˌtɪərɪəʊskləˈrəʊsɪs; ɑr`tɪrɪˌosklɪ`rosɪs/ n [U] diseased condition in which the walls of the arteries become harder and hinder the circulation of the blood 动脉硬化./ˈɑːtərɪ; `ɑrtərɪ/ n  1 any of the tubes carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body 动脉. Cf 参看 vein.  2 important route for traffic or transport, eg a road, railway line or river 干线（交通或运输的重要路线, 如公路, 铁路线或河流）./ɑːˌtiːzɪən ˈwel; <i>US</i> ɑːrˈtiːʒn; `ɑrˌtiʒən`wɛl/ vertically drilled hole in the ground through which a steady supply of water rises to the surface by natural pressure 自流井; 喷水井./ˈɑːtfl; `ɑrtfəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of people) cunningly clever at getting what one wants; crafty （指人）狡猾的; 诡诈的: He's an artful devil! 他诡计多端!  2 (of things or actions) cleverly made or contrived （指事物或行动）巧妙作出或设计的: an artful deception, trick, etc 骗局, 诡计 * an artful little gadget for opening tins 小巧玲珑的开罐头工具. /ˈɑːtfəlɪ;`ɑrtfəlɪ/ adv. n [U]. Cf 参看 artless./ɑːˈθrɪtɪk; ɑr`θrɪtɪk/ adj suffering from or caused by arthritis 患关节炎的; 关节炎造成的: arthritic hands, pains 患关节炎的手, 疼痛.  

n person suffering from arthritis 关节炎患者./ɑːˈθraɪtɪs; ɑr`θraɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of a joint or joints of the body, causing pain and stiffness 关节炎. Cf 参看 fibrositis, rheumatism./ˈɑːtɪtʃəʊk; `ɑrtɪˌtʃok/ n  1 (also globe artichoke) plant like a large thistle with a flowering head of thick leaf-like scales used as a vegetable 洋蓟（一种大型蓟状植物, 有厚叶状苞片的花头, 可作蔬菜）.  2 (also Jerusalem artichoke / dVE9ru:sElEm 5B:tItFEUk; dVE9ruzElEm `BrtI9tFok/) type of sunflower with tuberous roots used as a vegetable 菊芋（向日葵属植物, 其块根可作蔬菜, 亦称洋蓟）./ˈɑːtɪkl; `ɑrtɪkl/ n  1 particular or separate thing, esp one of a set 物件; 物品（尤指一套中之一）: articles of clothing, eg shirts, socks, hats, coats 衣物（如衬衫, 袜子, 帽子, 外衣） * toilet articles, eg soap, toothpaste, shaving-cream 梳妆用品（如肥皂, 牙膏, 刮胡膏） * The articles found in the car helped the police identify the body. 警方根据从汽车  找到的物品认出了尸体的身分.  2 piece of writing, complete in itself, in a newspaper, magazine, etc （报刊上的）文章: an interesting article on/about education 一篇关于教育的使人感兴趣的文章.3 (law 律) separate clause or item in an agreement or a contract （协议或合同的）项目, 条款: articles of apprenticeship, ie the formal agreement between an apprentice and his employer 师徒合约.  4 (grammar) either of the determiners `a/an' (the indefinite article) or `the' (the definite article) 冠词（不定冠词a/an或定冠词 the）.

v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) employ sb under contract as a trainee 雇用某人为受合同约束的受训者: an articled clerk 订有见习合同的店员 * articled to a solicitor 受律师实习条款约束的.basic point of sb's religious belief （宗教信仰的）信条.  2 any firmly held belief 信念; 信条./ɑːˈtɪkjʊlət; ɑr`tɪkjəlɪt/ adj  1 (of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words （指人）能用词语把意思表达清楚的: She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道.  2 (of speech) clearly pronounced （指讲话）发音清晰的.  3 having joints 有关节的. 

/ɑːˈtɪkjʊleɪt; ɑr`tɪkjəˌlet/ v  1 [I, Tn] speak (sth) clearly and distinctly 清楚明白地说（某事）: I'm a little deaf  please articulate (your words) carefully. 我有些耳背--请（把话）仔细说清楚.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ (sth) with sth form a joint or connect (sth) by joints with sth 形成关节; （用关节）连接: bones that articulate/are articulated with others 以关节与其它骨骼相连的骨骼.=> articulated vehiclevehicle with sections connected by flexible joints so that it can turn more easily 铰接车（带有用铰链连接其它部分的车辆, 转弯较易）. =>illus at lorry 见lorry.adv. n [U]./ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃn; ɑrˌtɪkjə`leʃən/ n  1 [U] making of speech sounds 发音: As he drank more wine his articulation became worse. 他又多喝了些酒, 口齿也就更不清楚了.  2 [U, C] (connection by means of a) joint （用关节）连接; 关节.= artefact./ˈɑːtɪfɪs; `ɑrtəfɪs/ n [C, U] (instance of) clever trickery; deception 诡计; 欺骗: Pretending to faint was merely (an) artifice. 假装昏迷只不过是个诡计./ɑːˈtɪfɪsə(r); ɑr`tɪfəsɚ/ n skilled workman or mechanic, esp one in the army or navy 技工; 工匠; （尤指陆军或海军中的）技术兵./ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl; ˌɑrtə`fɪʃəl/ adj  1 made or produced by man in imitation of sth natural; not real 人造的; 人工的; 假的: artificial flowers, light, limbs, pearls 假花, 人造光, 义肢, 假珍珠.  2 affected; insincere; not genuine 做作的; 虚假的; 假的: Her artificial gaiety disguised an inner sadness. 她以矫揉造作的快乐掩饰着内心的悲痛. injection of semen into the womb (esp of animals) artificially, so that conception can occur without sexual intercourse 人工授精（尤指施于动物的）.(abbr 缩写 AI) (study of) the capacity of machines to simulate intelligent human behaviour 人工智能（的研究）.process of forcing air into and out of the lungs to stimulate natural breathing again when it has failed, eg in a person who has almost drowned 人工呼吸./ˌɑːtɪfɪʃɪˈlətɪ; ˌɑrtɪˌfɪʃɪ`ælətɪ/ n [U]. /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəlɪ; ˌɑrtə`fɪʃəlɪ/ adv./ɑːˈtɪlərɪ; ɑr`tɪlərɪ/ n [U]  1 heavy guns (often mounted on wheels) used in fighting on land 大炮: [attrib 作定语] an artillery regiment 炮兵团.  2 branch of an army that uses these 炮兵部队: a captain in the artillery 炮兵部队的上尉./ˈɑːtɪst; `ɑrtɪst/ n  1 person who practises any of the fine arts, esp painting 搞艺术的人; 艺术家; （尤指）画画儿的人, 画家: Constable was a great English artist. 康斯太布尔是伟大的英国画家.  2 person who does sth with great skill 能手; 大师: The carpenter has made this cupboard beautifully  he's a real artist. 那个木匠做的这个柜子很漂亮--他真是个能工巧匠.  3 = artiste./ɑːˈtɪstɪk; ɑr`tɪstɪk/ adj  1 (a) having natural skill in any of the fine arts 有艺术才能的. (b) showing a sensitive appreciation of and liking for the fine arts 有审美能力的; 爱好艺术的: She comes from a very artistic family. 她出身于很有艺术修养的家庭.  2 done with skill and good taste; beautiful 有艺术技巧的; 有美感的: The decor is so artistic. 全部装饰很有艺术性.  3 of art and artists 艺术的; 艺术家的: an artistic temperament, ie impulsive and eccentric behaviour thought to be typical of artists 艺术家的气质（感情冲动, 行为古怪被视为艺术家的特徵）. /ɑːˈtɪstɪklɪ; ɑr`tɪstɪklɪ/ adv./ˈɑːtɪstrɪ; `ɑrtɪstrɪ/ n [U] skill or work of an artist 艺术技巧; 艺术作品; 艺术工作: admire the artistry of the painter's use of colour 钦佩这位画家使用颜色的技巧./ˈɑːtlɪs; `ɑrtlɪs/ adj simple and natural; without deceit 单纯而自然的; 无虚饰的: as artless as a child of five 像五岁孩子那样天真烂漫 * My artless comment was mistaken for rudeness. 我直言不讳的评论被误会为粗暴无礼. Cf 参看 artful.decorative design and handicraft 工艺美术; 手工艺.n photographs and illustrations in books, newspapers and magazines 书籍和报刊上的图片./ˈɑːtɪ; `ɑrtɪ/ adj (infml derog 口, 贬) showing a pretentious artistic style or a false or exaggerated interest in art 附庸风雅的; 冒充有艺术修养的: His arty clothes look out of place in the office. 他的奇装异服, 在办公室里很不顺眼.adj (joc or derog infml 谑或贬, 口) (of furniture and household objects) appearing to be made by hand and designed for artistic effect rather than for usefulness or comfort （指家具及家庭用品）显示出是手工制作的, 设计华而不实的./ˌeərəm ˈlɪlɪ; ˌɛrəm `lɪlɪ/ type of tall cultivated lily with a long white funnel-shaped flower 白星海芋./ˈeərɪən; `ɛrɪən/ adj  1 of the Indo-European group of languages 雅利安语系的.  2 of speakers of these languages 说雅利安语的人.

n  1 person who speaks an Indo-European language 雅利安人.  2 (formerly used in Germany under Nazi rule) person with non-Jewish Germanic ancestors （旧时用于纳粹统治下的德国）非犹太日尔曼民族的後裔./əz; əz; strong form 强读式 z; æz/ prep  1 so as to appear to be (sb) 好像（某人）: dressed as a policeman 打扮得像个警察 * They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入大楼.  2 having the function or character of (sb) 有（某人）的身分或特性; 作为; 当作: a job as a packer 包装者的工作 * work as a courier 当导游 * I'm speaking as your employer. 我以雇主的身分和你说话. * Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友. * accept sb as an equal 把某人视为同等的人 * I respect him as a writer and as a man. 我尊重他这位作家, 也尊重他这个人. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 (a) since sb is (sth) 因某人是（某身分）: As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书, 能接触到她所有的信件. (b) when or while sb is (sth) 当某人是（某身分）时: As a child she was sent to six different schools. 她儿时前後上过六所学校.

adv  1 as...as (used before advs and adjs in order to make a comparison 用于副词和形容词之前, 以构成比较句型) (a) (with the second as a prep 第二个as用作介词) to the same extent...; equally...as 达到与...相同的程度; 与...等同: as tall as his father 和他父亲一样高 * This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍. * He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半. * I haven't known him as long as you. 我没有你认识他的时间长. * As likely as not (ie Very probably), it will rain. 很有可能要下雨. (b) (with the second as a conj 第二个as用作连词) to the same extent...as; equally...as 同...一样达到某种程度; 与...等同: He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. 他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的. * His eyes aren't quite as blue as they look in the film. 他的眼睛不像在电影  见到的那么蓝. * Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快. * He recited as much of the poem as he could remember. 他把诗中记得住的都背诵出来了. * She's as good an actress as she is a singer. 她当演员和当歌手都一样出色.  2 not differently from; like 和...无不同; 像; 如: As before he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷. * The `h' is silent as in `hour'. 在hour这个字中, h不发音.

conj  1 during the time when; while 在...期间; 当...的时候: I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时候我一直看着她. * As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年纪越来越大, 除了喜欢园艺以外, 对一切都失去了兴趣.  2 (usu placed at the beginning of the sentence 通常置于句首) since; because 由于; 因为: As you weren't there I left a message. 因为你不在那  , 我留了个信儿. * As she's been ill perhaps she'll need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮助.  3 (used after an adj or adv to introduce a clause of concession 用于形容词或副词之後, 引导让步从句) although 尽管; 即使; 虽然: Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然还小, 可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了. * Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional. 别看他有天分, 他还没把心用到专业上去. * Much as I like you, I couldn't live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活. * Try as he would/might, he couldn't open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门.  4 in the way in which 以...方式: Do as I say and sit down. 照我说的, 坐下. * Leave the table as it is, ie Do not disturb the things on it. 那桌子就那样吧（不要动上面的东西）. * Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?  5 a fact which 为...之事实: Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean. 如你所知, 塞浦路斯是地中海的岛国. * The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 你们这样年纪的人大多还记得披头士乐队吧, 他们都是利物浦人.  6 (usu followed by be or do + subject 通常後接be或do +主语) and so too 也一样: She's unusually tall, as are both her parents. 她特别高, 她父母也都那么高. * He's a doctor, as was his wife before she had children. 他是医生, 他妻子生儿育女之前也当过医生. =>Usage 见所附用法.  7 (idm 习语) as against sth in contrast with sth 与...对照; 与...相比: She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. 她新找的这份工作星期六放假, 而原来的那份工作周末是隔周放假. * We had twelve hours of sunshine yesterday, as against a forecast of continuous rain. 昨日有十二小时的晴天, 预报却说仍有雨. ,as and `when (a) (referring to an uncertain future event or action 指将来的某一未定的事或行动) when 到时候: We'll decide on our team as and when we qualify for the competition. 我们来决定自己的队到什么时候才有资格参加比赛. Cf 参看 if and when (if). (b) (infml 口) when possible; eventually 可能时; 终于; 最终: I'll tell you more as and when, ie as soon as I can. 有可能时我再多跟你说. as for sb/sth with regard to sb/sth 至于某人[某事物]: As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea. 至于旅馆呢, 非常不舒服, 而且离海边有好几里地. * As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 至于你, 你应该感到惭愧. as from; esp US as of (indicating the time or date from which sth starts 指某事物开始的时间或日期): As from next Monday you can use my office. 从下星期一起, 你可以使用我的办公室. * We shall have a new address as of 12 May. 我们自5月12日起将用新地址. as if; as though with the appearance of; apparently 好像; 似乎; 彷佛: He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子. * As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round. 她彷佛茫然不知身在何处, 犹犹豫豫向四周打量. * He rubbed his eyes and yawned as though waking up after a long sleep. 他又揉眼睛又打哈欠, 好像睡了一大觉刚醒似的. ,as it `is taking present circumstances into account; as things are 照现状看; 看样子: We were hoping to have a holiday next week  as it is, we may not be able to get away. 我们原来盼望着下星期放假--看样子走不了了. * I thought I might be transferred but as it is I shall have to look for a new job. 我以为我可能调动工作, 照目前情况看我得另找工作了. ,as it `were (used to comment on the speaker's own choice of words, which may give only an approximate meaning 用以评断自己用词是否恰当, 指词义接近而已): She seemed very relaxed  in her natural setting as it were. 她似乎十分悠然自得--可以说是有自己随遇而安的天地. * He'd been watching the water rising for two hours  preparing to meet his destiny, as it were  before help arrived. 他在获救前的两小时中, 一直眼看着水在上涨--可谓准备听天由命了. as to sth; as regards sth with regard to sth; regarding sth 至于某事物; 提到某事物: As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves. 谈到批改我们的作业, 老师总是让我们自己改. * There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear. 至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定. as yet => yet. ,as you `were (used as an order to soldiers, etc to return to their previous positions, activities, etc 用作口令, 意为恢复到原来的位置, 姿势, 活动等).

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 When referring to the similarity between people, things and actions, both as and like are used 在谈到人, 事物或动作彼此有相同点或共同点时, 使用as和like均可. Like is a preposition and is used before nouns and pronouns *like是介词, 用于名词和代词之前: Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music. 她和我一样, 各种音乐都喜爱. As is a conjunction and is used before a clause *as是连词, 用于分句之前: She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各种音乐都喜爱, 和我一样. In informal speech like is frequently used as a conjunction, replacing both as and as if  在口语中, like往往用作连词, 当作as和as if使用: Nobody understands him like/as I do. 没有人能像我这样理解他. *  It looks like/as if he won't arrive in time. 看来他好像不能按时到达了.  2 Compare the use of as and like indicating occupations or functions  试比较as和like用于职业或作用方面的用法: She worked as a teacher (ie was a teacher) for many years. 她当了许多年的教师. Our doctor always talks to me like a teacher talking to a child, ie He is not a teacher but he has the manner of one. 给我们看病的医生对我说话总是像教师对小学生说话一样./ˌeɪ es ˈeɪ; ˌe ɛs `e/ abbr 缩写 =  1 Advertising Standards Authority 广告标准局.  2 (also ASA/BS) (of a scale of film speeds) American Standards Association (/British Standard) （指底片度数）美国标准（[英国标准]）: ASA/BS 100 美国标准[英国标准]100度. Cf 参看 BS, BSI, DIN, ISO./ˌeɪ es eɪ ˈpiː; ˌe ɛs e `pi/ abbr 缩写 = as soon as possible 尽快./æsˈbestɒs, also əzˈbestəs; æs`bɛstəs/ n [U] soft fibrous grey mineral substance that can be made into fireproof material or used for heat insulation 石棉（柔软的灰色纤维状矿物, 可用以制造耐火材料或用以隔热）./ˌæsbesˈtəʊsɪs; ˌæsbɛs`tosɪs/ n [U] disease of the lungs caused by inhaling asbestos particles 石棉沉着病./əˈsend; ə`sɛnd/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) go or come up (sth) 上升; 升高: The path started to ascend more steeply at this point. 这条路从这  向上就更陡了. * We watched the mists ascending from the valley below. 我们看着薄雾从下面的山谷中升起. * notes ascending and descending the scale 上升及下降音阶的音符 * (fig 比喻) ascend the throne, ie become king or queen 登基（帝王即位）./əˈsendənsɪ; ə`sɛndənsɪ/ n [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (position of) having dominant power or control 有支配的力量或控制力（的地位）: He has (gained) the ascendancy over all his main rivals. 他（获）有压倒一切主要对手的优势./əˈsendənt; ə`sɛndənt/ n (idm 习语) in the ascendant rising in power and influence 权势日益增强: Though he is still a young man his political career is already in the ascendant. 他虽然年纪轻轻, 可是他在政坛上已青云直上了./əˈsenʃn; ə`sɛnʃən/ n  1 [U] act of ascending 上升; 升高.  2 the Ascension [sing] (in the Bible) departure of Jesus from the earth into heaven （《圣经》中）耶稣升天.day on which the Ascension is commemorated in the Christian Church, ie the Thursday that is the fortieth day after Easter 耶稣升天节（复活节後的第四十天, 星期四）./əˈsent; ə`sɛnt/ n  1 act of ascending 上升; 升高: the ascent of Mount Everest 登埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰） * Who was the first man to make an ascent in a balloon? 第一个乘气球升空的人是谁?  2 upward path or slope 上坡路; 爬坡: The last part of the ascent is very steep. 最後一段上坡路很陡./ˌæsəˈteɪn; ˌæsɚ`ten/ v [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) discover (sth) so that one is certain; get to know 查明; 弄清; 确定: ascertain the true facts 查明事实真相 * ascertain that the report is accurate 弄清报告准确无误 * ascertain who is likely to come to the meeting 确定谁有可能来开会 * The police are trying to ascertain what really happened. 警方正设法查个水落石出. adj. n [U]./əˈsetɪk; ə`sɛtɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere life 不让自己快乐和舒服的; 苦行的; 过极简朴生活的: the ascetic existence of monks and hermits 僧侣隐士的清苦生活.

n person who leads a very simple life without basic comforts, esp for religious reasons 苦行者; 苦行修道者./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./əˈsetɪsɪzəm; ə`sɛtəˌsɪzəm/ n [U]./əˌskɔːbɪk ˈsɪd; ə`skɔrbɪk `æsɪd/ vitamin found esp in citrus fruits and vegetables; vitamin C  抗坏血酸（即维生素C）.adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be ascribed to sb/sth 可归于, 起因于某人[某事物]: His success is ascribable simply to hard work. 他的成功就是由于勤奋./əˈskraɪb; ə`skraɪb/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人[某事物]所造成或写成; 归功于, 归咎于某人[某事物]: He ascribed his failure to bad luck. 他把失败归咎于运气不好. * This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作. * You can't ascribe the same meaning to both words. 不要认为这两个词的意思是相同的./əˈskrɪpʃn; əs`krɪpʃən/ n [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) (act of) ascribing sth (to sb/sth) 归因; 归功; 归咎./ˈæzɪn; `æzɪæn/ abbr 缩写 = Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟./ˌeɪˈsepsɪs; <i>US</i> əˈsep-; ə`sɛpsɪs/ n [U] state of being free from harmful bacteria 无菌; 无毒./ˌeɪˈseptɪk; <i>US</i> əˈsep-; ə`sɛptɪk/ adj (of wounds, dressings, etc) free from bacteria that cause a thing to become septic; surgically clean （指伤口, 敷料等）无菌的; （外科医疗上）无感染的./ˌeɪˈsekʃʊəl; e`sɛkʃᴜəl/ adj  1 without sex or sex organs 无性的; 无性器官的: asexual reproduction 无性生殖.  2 having or showing no interest in sexual relations 对两性关系（显示）无兴趣的: an asexual relationship 没有性关系的关系. /eɪˌsekʃʊˈlətɪ; eˌsɛkʃᴜ`ælətɪ/ n [U]./æʃ; æʃ/  n (a) [C] tree commonly found in forests, with silver-grey bark and hard close-grained wood, （即白蜡树）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood, used for tool handles, etc, 木（用作工具的把柄等）.

/æʃ; æʃ/  n [U] powder that remains after sth (esp tobacco, coal, etc) has burnt 灰末; 灰: cigarette ash 香烟灰 * volcanic ash 火山灰 * Coke is an economical fuel but it leaves a lot of ash. 焦炭是一种很经济的燃料, 可是燃烧後剩下很多灰. Cf 参看 ashes.(a) (of hair) very light greyish-blond in colour （指头发）略呈浅灰的金黄色. (b) woman with hair of this colour 有这种颜色头发的女子.n strong walking-stick made from the stem of a young ash tree 白蜡杆手杖. first day of Lent 圣灰星期三（大斋首日）. Cf 参看 ashes/əˈʃeɪmd; ə`ʃemd/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 ~ (of sth/sb/oneself); ~ (that...) feeling shame, embarrassment, etc about sth/sb or because of one's own actions 感到羞耻; 感到惭愧: ashamed of her behaviour at the party 对她在聚会上的行为而感到羞耻的 * You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻. * He felt ashamed of having done so little work. 他因只做了这么一点儿工作而感到惭愧. * I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. 我很久未曾写信, 甚为惭愧.  2 ~ to do sth reluctant to do sth because of shame or embarrassment 因为羞耻或惭愧而勉强作某事: I'm ashamed to say I haven't been to church for three years. 我真不好意思说我已经三年没上教堂了. * He felt too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助. * I'm ashamed to let you see my paintings. 让你看我的画, 很难为情./ˈæʃn; `æʃən/ adj like ashes in colour; very pale 灰色的; 苍白的: She listened to the tragic news ashen-faced. 她听到这一悲惨消息, 脸都白了./ˈæʃɪz; `æʃɪz/ n [pl]  1 powder that remains after sth has been destroyed by burning 灰烬: Ashes were all that remained of her books after the fire. 大火过後, 她的书已全部化为灰烬. * The house was burnt to ashes overnight. 那所房子一夜之间烧成灰烬. Cf 参看 ash.  2 remains of a human body after cremation 骨灰: His ashes were buried next to those of his wife. 他的骨灰埋葬在妻子骨灰的旁边.  3 the Ashes symbolic trophy won by the winning team after a series of cricket test matches between England and Australia （英国与澳大利亚板球决赛连续获胜队所赢得的象徵性的）锦标.  4 (idm 习语) rake over old ashes => rake1. sackcloth and ashes => sack (sack1)./əˈʃɔː(r); ə`ʃɔr/ adv to or on the shore or land 上岸; 上陆; 在岸上; 在陆上: We went ashore when the boat reached the port. 船一靠港我们就上岸了. * The ship was driven ashore (ie forced onto the shore) by the bad weather. 天气十分恶劣, 轮船被迫靠岸.n tray (placed underneath a fireplace, stove, etc) into which the ashes drop from a fire （壁炉, 火炉等下面的）炉灰盘.n small dish or container into which smokers put tobacco ash, cigarette ends, etc 烟灰缸./ˈæʃɪ; `æʃɪ/ adj of or like ashes; covered with ashes 灰的; 像灰的; 覆盖着灰的: His face was ashy grey. 他面如土色./ˈeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˈeɪʒn; `eʒən/ n (person descended from a) native or inhabitant of Asia 亚洲人.

adj of Asia 亚洲的./ˌeɪʃɪˈtɪk; <i>US</i> ˌeɪʒɪ-; ˌeʒɪ`ætɪk/ adj of Asia 亚洲的: the Asiatic plains 亚洲的平原.

n (offensive 蔑) Asian person 亚洲人./əˈsaɪd; ə`saɪd/ adv  1 on or to one side of the main position, direction, etc 在一边; 向一边: pull the curtain aside 把帘子拉向一边 * Stand aside and let these people pass. 靠边站, 让这些人过去. * He took me aside to tell me of his wife's illness. 他把我拉到一边, 告诉我他妻子病的事. * (fig 比喻) You must put aside (ie out of your thoughts) any idea of a holiday this year. 你得把今年要度假的想法撇开.  2 in reserve 留着: set aside some money for one's retirement 为退休而存些钱 * Please put this jumper aside (ie reserve it) for me. 请给我留着这件毛衣.

n  1 (in the theatre) words spoken by an actor on stage that are intended to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters on stage 旁白（戏剧角色背着台上其他剧中人对观众所说的话）.  2 incidental remark 顺便说的话: I mention it only as an aside. 我只是顺便提及此事.prep (esp US) = apart from (apart)./ˈæsɪnaɪn; `æsnˌaɪn/ adj stupid or stubborn 愚蠢的; 固执的: What an asinine thing to say! 说的话多蠢!/ɑːsk; æsk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Dn.n, Dn.w] ~ (sb) (about sb/sth); ~ sth of sb request information (about sb/sth) (from sb) 问; 询问: Ask (him) about the ring you lost  he may have found it. 问问（他）你丢的戒指--也许他捡到了. * Don't be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕提问题. * Did you ask the price? 你问价钱了吗? * (fml 文) No questions were asked of us. 没有人问我们问题. * He asked if I could drive. 他问我会不会开车. * She asked them their names. 她问他们的姓名. * I had to ask the teacher what to do next. 我得问问老师下一步做什么.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ (sb) for sth; ~ sth (of sb) request that sb gives sth or does sth 要求某人给某事物或做某事物: Did you ask (your boss) for a pay increase? 你请求（老板）加薪了吗? * ask sb's advice, opinion, views, etc 徵询某人的高见, 意见, 看法等 * If you want to camp in this field you must ask the farmer's permission. 在这块地上露营要徵求农民的许可. * May I ask a favour (of you)? 能不能（请你）帮我一个忙? * It's asking rather a lot of you to have my whole family to stay. 我全家在此逗留要打搅您, 未免有些过分了. * She asked (me) if I would drive her home. 她请求我开车送她回家. * I asked James to buy some bread. 我叫詹姆斯去买些面包.  3 [Tw, Tt, Dn.w, Dn.t] request permission to do sth 请求准许做某事: ask to use the car 请求准许使用汽车 * ask to speak to sb, eg on the phone 请求准许与某人谈话（如打电话时） * I asked (the doctor) whether/if I could get up. 我请求（医生）让我下床. * I must ask you to excuse me. 我得请你原谅.  4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) invite sb 邀请, 请某人: ask them to dinner 请他们吃饭 * He's asked me out several times already. 他已经几次邀请我外出. * Shall we ask the neighbours in/round (ie to our house)? 咱们把邻居请（到咱家）来好吗? * She's asked him to come to the party. 她邀请他来参加聚会.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) request sth as a price 要价; 讨价: You're asking too much. 你要价太高. * What are they asking for their house? 他们那所房子要多少钱? * He's asking 80 a month rent for that flat. 那套房间月租他要80英镑.  6 (idm 习语) `ask for trouble/it (infml 口) behave in a way that is likely to result in trouble 自找麻烦; 自讨苦吃: Driving after drinking alcohol is asking for trouble. 酒後开车是自讨苦吃. for the `asking if one merely asks 只需开口; 只要索取: The job is yours for the asking, ie If you say you want it, it will be given to you. 你一开口就能得到那份工作. I `ask you (infml 口) (expressing disbelief, surprise, annoyance, etc 表示怀疑, 惊奇, 烦恼等): They're thinking of taxing textbooks  I ask you, we'll have to pay to go to bed next! 教科书也快要上税了--好家伙, 眼看连睡觉都得付钱了! if you ask `me if you would like to know my opinion 如果你想知道我的看法; 恕我直言; 不瞒你说: If you ask me, he hasn't got long to live. 恕我直言, 他活不长了.  7(phr v) ask after sb request information about sb's health 问候某人的健康; 问候; 问安: He always asks after you in his letters. 他每次来信都向你问候. ask for sb/sth say that one wants to see or speak to sb or to be given or directed to sth 要求见某人; 要求与某人谈话; 要某事物; 要求指点: ask for the manager, the tickets, the bar 要求见经理; 要票; 询问酒吧地点.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When making a request for somebody to do something, ask is the most usual and informal word 若要某人做某事, ask是最通俗, 最口语化的词: I asked her to shut the window. 我让她关上窗户. *  He asked me for a light. 他向我借个火. The verb request is mainly used in formal speech and writing, often in public notices and commonly in the passive form *request这一动词主要用于庄重的讲话和文字中, 常用于通告中, 多用于被动式: Dear Sir, I have been requested to inform you that... 敬启者: 兹通知阁下... *  Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke at the buffet counter. 乘客请勿在自助餐  附近吸烟. Beg suggests the asking of a great favour in a humble manner *beg指以谦恭的姿态要求给予巨大的帮助: He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 他自知伤了她的心而央求她原谅. Entreat, implore and beseech are stronger and more formal than beg *entreat, implore, beseech三词均比beg的词义强而文雅: He entreated/implored/beseeched her not to desert him. 他恳求她不要抛弃他./əˈskæns; ə`skæns/ adv (idm 习语) looklook (usu sideways) at sb/sth with distrust or disapproval （因怀疑或不满而）斜着眼睛看某人[某事物]; 侧目而视; 瞟: look askance at the price 对那个价钱侧目而视 * She looked at me rather askance when I suggested a swim in the nude. 我提议裸体游泳, 她就瞟了我一眼./əˈskjuː; ə`skju/ adj [pred 作表语], adv not in a straight or level position; crooked(ly) 歪; 斜; 歪斜: The picture is hanging askew. 这张画挂歪了. * He's got his hat on askew. 他歪戴着帽子. * The line is drawn all askew. 这条线都画斜了.price at which sth is offered for sale 要价; 开价; 叫价: They refused to accept less than the asking price. 他们言无二价./əˈslɑːnt; <i>US</i> əˈslnt; ə`slænt/ adv, prep in a slanting direction or obliquely (across) 斜; 倾斜地（跨过）: The evening sunlight shone aslant through the window. 夕照斜穿入窗. * The wrecked train lay aslant the track. 失事的火车横在铁轨上./əˈsliːp; ə`slip/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 not awake; sleeping 睡着; 睡熟: Don't wake her up  she's fast/sound asleep. 别吵醒她--她睡得很熟[很香]. * He fell asleep during the sermon. 他在听着讲道时睡着了.  2 (of limbs) having no feeling; numb （指四肢）麻木, 发麻, 麻痹: I've been sitting on my leg and now it's asleep. 我把腿坐麻了./sp; æsp/ n small poisonous snake found esp in N Africa （尤指北非产的）小毒蛇./əˈspærəgəs; ə`spærəˇəs/ n [U] (a) plant with feathery leaves whose young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable 芦笋（石刁柏的通称, 也称龙须菜）. (b) these shoots 芦笋的嫩茎: have (some) asparagus for lunch 午饭有（些）芦笋 * [attrib 作定语] asparagus soup 芦笋汤./ˈæspekt; `æspɛkt/ n  1 [C] particular part or feature of sth being considered 方面: look at every aspect of the problem 看这问题的各个方面.  2 [sing] (fml 文) (esp of people) appearance or look （尤指人）样子, 容貌, 神态: a man of enormous size and terrifying aspect 面目狰狞的彪形大汉.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] side of a building that faces a particular direction （建筑物的）方向, 方位: The house has a southern aspect. 这所房子朝南.  4 [C] (in astrology) relative position of stars and planets, thought to influence events on earth 星位（占星术中命星与行星间的相对位置, 认为可影响人间事物）.  5 [C] (grammar) range of meanings expressed by the verb forms have + past participle (eg has worked) or be + present participle (eg is working) 体（动词的语法范畴, 以have+过去分词表示, 如 has worked, 或以be+现在分词表示, 如 is working）./ˈæspektʃʊəl; æ`spɛktʃᴜəl/ adj (grammar) concerned with aspect(5) （动词）体的: There is an aspectual difference between `He crossed the road' and `He was crossing the road'. He crossed the road和He was crossing the road两句中动词的体是不同的./ˈæspən; `æspən/ n tree of the poplar family with leaves that flutter even in the slightest wind 白杨./ˈæsperətɪ; æs`pɛrətɪ/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] harshness or severity, esp of manner 粗暴, 粗鲁（尤指态度, 举止）: reply with asperity 粗鲁地回答.  2 [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (instance of) very cold or severe weather 严寒的天气: suffer the asperities of winter near the North Pole 遭受近北极严冬之苦./əˈspɜːʃnz; <i>US</i> -ʒnz; ə`spɝʒənz/ n [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞)  1 damaging or derogatory remarks 诽谤; 诬蔑: I strongly resent such unwarranted aspersions. 我对这种莫须有的诽谤深恶痛绝.  2 (idm 习语) cast aspersions => cast1./ˈæsflt; <i>US</i> -fɔːlt; `æsfɔlt/ n [U] black sticky substance like coal tar, mixed with sand or gravel for making road surfaces, or used to make roofs, etc waterproof 沥青（通称柏油）.

v [Tn] cover (esp a road) with asphalt 以沥青铺（尤指道路）./əsˈfɪksɪə; <i>US</i> æsˈf-; æs`fɪksɪə/ n [U] condition caused by lack of air in the lungs; suffocation 窒息./əsˈfɪksɪeɪt; əs`fɪksɪˌet/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause (sb) to become ill or to die by preventing enough air from reaching the lungs; suffocate 使（某人）窒息而病或死: asphyxiated by the smoke and poisonous fumes 被烟或毒气窒息. /əsˌfɪksɪˈeɪʃn; əsˌfɪksɪ`eʃən/ n [U]./ˈæspɪk; `æspɪk/ n [U] clear meat jelly served with or around meat, fish, eggs, etc （肉类的）冻子: chicken in aspic 鸡肉冻子./ˌæspɪˈdɪstrə; ˌæspɪ`dɪstrə/ n tall plant with broad pointed leaves, usu grown indoors 蜘蛛抱蛋（一种高大植物, 叶宽而尖, 常为室内盆栽, 别称‘一叶’）./əˈspaɪərənt; ə`spaɪrənt/ n ~ (to/after/for sth) (fml 文) person who is ambitious (for fame, promotion, success, etc) 有抱负的人; 有进取心的人: an aspirant to the presidency 争当总统的人./ˈæspərət; `æspərət/ n (phonetics 语音) sound of `h' or of a consonant containing it 送气音; 吐气音: The word `hour' is pronounced without an initial aspirate. hour一字的开头字母h不发送气音.

/ˈæspəreɪt; `æspəˌret/ v [Tn] pronounce (sth) with an `h' sound 将（某字）发成送气音: The initial `h' in `hour' is not aspirated.  hour一字中起首的h不发送气音./ˌæspəˈreɪʃn; ˌæspə`reʃən/ n  1 [U, C often pl 常作复数] ~ (for/after sth); ~ (to do sth) strong desire or ambition 渴望; 抱负; 志气: She was filled with the aspiration to succeed in life. 她渴望有所成就. * He has serious aspirations to a career in politics. 他有从政的雄心壮志.  2 [U] aspirating 发送气音./əˈspaɪə(r); ə`spaɪr/ v [Ipr, It] ~ after/to sth desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth 渴望成就某事物; 对某事物有雄心或野心: aspire after knowledge 渴求知识 * aspire to become an author 热望成为作家 * Aspiring musicians must practise many hours a day. 有抱负的音乐家每天要练习很多小时./ˈæsprɪn, ˈspərɪn; `æspərɪn/ n (a) [U] medicine used to relieve pain and reduce fever 阿司匹林（镇痛解热药）: Have you got any aspirin? 你有阿司匹林吗? (b) [C] tablet(2) of this 阿司匹林药片: Take two aspirins for your headache. 你头疼吃两片阿司匹林吧./æs; æs/ n  1 (also donkey) animal related to the horse, with long ears and a tuft at the end of its tail 驴.  2 (infml 口) stupid person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: Don't be such an ass! 别这么傻了!  3 (idm 习语) make an `ass of oneself behave stupidly so that one appears ridiculous 出洋相; 干傻事: I made a real ass of myself at the meeting  standing up and then forgetting the question. 我在会上真出了洋相了--一站起来就把问题忘了.

/æs; æs/ n (<!> US sl 讳, 俚)  1 [C] = arse.  2 [U] sexual intercourse 性交./əˈseɪl; ə`sel/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fml 文) attack sb violently or repeatedly 猛击, 痛打, 攻击某人: assailed with fierce blows to the head 殴打头部 * assail sb with questions, insults, etc 对某人质问, 侮辱等 * assailed by worries, doubts, fears, etc 饱受烦恼, 疑惑, 恐惧等折磨.n (fml 文) person who attacks 攻击者: He was unable to recognize his assailant in the dark. 他在黑暗中认不出殴打他的人./əˈsæsɪn; <i>US</i> -sn; ə`sæsn/ n killer, esp one who kills an important or famous person for money or for political reasons 暗杀者, 行刺者（尤指为金钱或政治目的而杀害要人或名人者）./əˈsæsɪneɪt; <i>US</i> -sən-; ə`sæsnˌet/ v [Tn] kill (esp an important or famous person) for money or for political reasons 暗杀, 行刺（尤指为金钱或政治目的而杀害要人或名人）./əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> -səˈneɪʃn; əˌsæsn`eʃən/ n (a) [U] murder of this kind 暗杀; 行刺. (b) [C] instance of this 暗杀; 行刺./əˈsɔːlt; ə`sɔlt/ n [C, U] ~ (on sth) sudden violent attack 突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击: make an assault on the enemy lines 突袭敌军阵线 * The roar of city traffic is a steady assault on one's nerves. 市区车辆的喧嚣声不停地刺激着神经. * an alarming increase in cases of indecent assault, eg rape 强奸猥亵案件惊人的增加.

v [Tn] make an assault on (sb) 突袭; 突击: He got two years' imprisonment for assaulting a police officer. 他因袭击警察而遭两年监禁. * Six women have been sexually assaulted in the area recently. 最近这一带有六个女子遭受强奸猥亵.(law 律) violent physical attack on sb 殴打.portable boat with an outboard motor, used for making attacks across rivers, etc 突击艇（发动机装于船外的一种轻便船, 在渡河等突击时使用）./əˈseɪ; ə`se/ n testing of esp metals for quality 试验, 测定, 鉴定（尤指对金属质量）: make an assay of an ore 对一矿石作试验鉴定.

v  1 [Tn] test the quality of (a metal); analyse (eg an ore) 测定（金属）的质量; 分析（如矿石）.  2 [Tn, Tt] (arch 古) attempt (esp sth difficult) 尝试（尤指困难事物）./ˈsəgaɪ; `æsəˌˇaɪ/ n light iron-tipped throwing-spear used by S African tribes （南非部族使用的）铁尖轻标枪./əˈsemblɪdʒ; ə`sɛmblɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) act of bringing or coming together; assembly 集合; 组合; 装配.  2 [C] (often joc 常作戏谑语) collection of things or people 聚集的物或人: an odd assemblage of broken bits of furniture 一堆奇形怪状的破烂家具./əˈsembl; ə`sɛmbl/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause people or things to) come together; collect 集合; 聚集; 收集: The whole school (was) assembled in the main hall. 全校在大礼堂集合. * assemble evidence, material, equipment, a collection of objects 收集证据, 材料, 设备, 物品.  2 [Tn] fit together (the parts of sth) 装配; 安装: assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件 * The bookcase can easily be assembled with a screwdriver. 这书柜用一把螺丝刀就可以很容易地安装起来./əˈsemblɪ; ə`sɛmblɪ/ n  1 (a) [U] coming together of a group of people for a specific purpose 集合; 集会: Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行. * deny sb the right of assembly 不予某人集会的权利 * [attrib 作定语] assembly rooms 会议室. (b) [CGp] group of people in such a meeting 集合的人们; 参加集会的人们: The motion was put to the assembly. 这项动议已提交给大会了. * The national assembly has/have met to discuss the crisis. 国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论. * the legislative assemblies of the USA 美国各州的两院制议会.  2 (a) [U] act or process of fitting together the parts of sth 装配; 安装: The assembly of cars is often done by machines. 汽车常由机器装配. * Each component is carefully checked before assembly. 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查. * [attrib 作定语] an assembly plant, eg in a factory 装配车间（如工厂中者）. (b) [C] unit consisting of smaller manufactured parts that have been fitted together 装配组件: the tail assembly of an aircraft 飞机的机尾装配组件.  3 [C] sound of a drum or bugle calling soldiers to assemble （军队的）集合鼓, 集合号.sequence of machines and workers along which a product moves as it is assembled in stages 装配线: He works on the assembly line at the local car factory. 他在本地汽车制造厂装配线上工作/əˈsent; ə`sɛnt/ n [U] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) agreement; approval 同意; 赞成: give one's assent to a proposal 对建议表示同意 * by common assent, ie with everybody's agreement 一致同意 * The new bill passed by Parliament has received the royal assent, ie been approved by the monarch. 议会所通过的新法案已获国王批准.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) express agreement; consent 同意; 赞成: I can never assent to such a request. 我决不能同意这种要求./əˈsɜːt; ə`sɝt/ v  1 [Tn] (a) make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently 坚定而有信心地使别人认识到（某事物）; 坚持: assert one's authority, independence, rights 坚持自己的权威性, 独立性, 权利. (b) ~ oneself behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect 表现出自信而受到注意和尊重: You're too timid  you must try to assert yourself more. 你太畏缩了--要尽量增强自信心.  2 [Tn, Tf] state (sth) clearly and forcefully as the truth 清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实; 声称; 断言: She asserted her innocence/that she was innocent. 她坚称自己很清白[她是无辜的]./əˈsɜːʃn; ə`sɝʃən/ n  1 [U] action of claiming or stating forcefully; insistence 有力的声言或陈词; 坚持: assertion of one's authority 对自己权威的维护 * an air of self-assertion 坚持己见的姿态 * speak with assertion 坚定地说.  2 [C] strong statement claiming the truth of sth （声称某事物属实的）强硬陈词; 断言: I seriously question a number of your assertions. 对你所坚持的说法, 有几点我甚为怀疑./əˈsɜːtɪv; ə`sɝtɪv/ adj showing a strong and confident personality; asserting oneself 表现出刚毅与自信性格的; 坚定而自信的: an assertive young man 有自信心的年轻人 * state one's opinions in an assertive tone of voice 以坚定自信的语气表达自己的意见. adv. n [U]./əˈses; ə`sɛs/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) decide or fix the amount of sth 确定, 评定（某数额）: assess sb's taxes/income 评定某人的税额[总收入] * assess the damage at 350 评定损害赔偿金为350英镑.  2 [Tn] decide or fix the value of (sth); evaluate 确定, 评定（某事物）的价值; 估价: have a house assessed by a valuer 由估价者给房子估价.  3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) estimate the quality of sth 估计, 评定某事物的质量: It's difficult to assess the impact of the President's speech. 总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计. * I'd assess your chances as extremely low. 我估计你成功的机会极微.n  1 (a) [U] action of assessing 确定; 评定: Continuous assessment is made of all students' work. 对全体学生的功课作出连贯性的评定. (b) [C] evaluation or opinion 评价; 看法: What is your assessment of the situation? 你对这一情况有什么看法?  2 [C] amount fixed for payment 核定的付款额: a tax assessment 税款核定额.n  1 person who assesses taxes or the value of property, etc （评定税款或财产价值等的）评税员, 估价员.  2 person who advises a judge in court on technical matters 陪审法官（法庭技术顾问）./ˈæset; `æsɛt/ n  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) valuable or useful quality or skill 有价值的或有用的特性或技能: Good health is a great asset. 健康就是莫大的财富. (b) valuable or useful person 有价值的或有用的人: He's an enormous asset to the team. 他是队  的骨干.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, esp property, owned by a person, company, etc that has value and can be used or sold to pay debts （属于个人或公司所有, 可用以抵偿债务或变卖後支付债务的）财产, 资产: His assets included shares in the company and a house in London. 他的财产包括公司的股票和位于伦敦的房子. Cf 参看 liability.n [U] (commerce 商) practice of buying at a cheap price a company with financial difficulties and then selling its assets individually to make a profit 资产倒卖（廉价收买经济上有困难的公司, 然後将其资产逐一变卖获利的做法）./əˈsevəreɪt; ə`sɛvəˌret/ v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) firmly and solemnly （坚定而郑重地）宣称, 陈词, 断言: asseverate one's innocence/that one is innocent 坚称自己很清白[自己是无辜的]. /əˌsevəˈreɪʃn; əˌsɛvə`reʃən/ n [U, C]./ˌæsɪˈdjuːətɪ; <i>US</i> -duː-; ˌæsə`duətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) constant and careful attention to a task 专心致志; 勤勉: He shows great assiduity in all his work. 他对所有工作都兢兢业业./əˈsɪdjʊəs; <i>US</i> -dʒʊəs; ə`sɪdʒᴜəs/ adj (fml 文) showing constant and careful attention 专心致志的; 勤勉的: be assiduous in one's duties 认真执行任务 * The book was the result of ten years' assiduous research. 那本书是十年苦心钻研的成果. adv./əˈsaɪn; ə`saɪn/ v  1 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配给某人一部分工作去做或一份东西去使用: The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task. 教师给我们每个人都分配了假日的工作. * The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 这两间大教室已经分配给我们了.  2 [Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb to sth name sb for a task or position; appoint sb 指定某人做一工作或任一职务; 委派, 选派某人: They've assigned their best man to the job. 他们选派了最合适的人做那项工作. * One of the members was assigned to take the minutes. 其 中的一个成员被指定作记录.  3 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] name or fix (a time, place, reason, etc for sth) 指定（时间, 地点）; 确定（原因）: Shall we assign Thursdays for our weekly meetings? 我们把每周例会定在星期四好吗? * It is impossible to assign an exact date to this building. 确定这座建筑物的确切年代是不可能的. * Can we assign jealousy as the motive for the crime? 我们能否确定这一犯罪动机是出于嫉妒?  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (law 律) transfer (property, rights, etc) to sb 将（财产, 权利等）转让予某人; 过户予某人.adj that can be assigned 可指定的; 可委派的; 可归因的; 可转让的./ˌæsɪgˈneɪʃn; ˌæsɪˇ`neʃən/ n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) arrangement to meet sb, esp secretly or illicitly 约会, 幽会（尤指秘密的或不正当的）: an assignation with a lover 与情人的幽会.n  1 [C] task or duty that is assigned to sb 指定给某人的任务或职责: Your next assignment will be to find these missing persons. 你的下一项任务是寻找这些失踪的人. * She was sent abroad on a difficult assignment. 她被派出国执行一项艰巨任务.  2 [U] act of assigning (esp property, rights, etc) 转让（尤指财产, 权利等）: a deed of assignment 转让契约./əˈsɪməleɪt; ə`sɪmlˌet/ v  1 [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) become absorbed into the body after digestion （使某物）经消化而吸收: Some foods assimilate/ are assimilated more easily than others. 有些食物比另一些食物容易吸收. (b) (allow sb/sth to) become part of another social group or state （让某人[某事物]）同化: The USA has assimilated people from many different countries. 美国同化了来自许多国家的人.  2 [Tn] absorb (ideas, knowledge, etc) in the mind 吸收（思想, 知识等）: Children in school are expected to assimilate what they have been taught. 希望在学的儿童能吸收教给他们的知识.  3 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth to sth make sth similar to sth 使某事物与另一事物相似./əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn; əˌsɪml`eʃən/ n [U]  1 process of assimilating or being assimilated （被）吸收或同化的过程.  2 (phonetics 语音) change in a speech sound when it becomes similar to another speech sound next to it 同化（一个语音受相邻语音影响而产生与之相同或相似的变化）./əˈsɪst; ə`sɪst/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ (sb) in/with sth; ~ (sb) in doing sth (fml 文) help 帮助; 援助; 协助: The head teacher's deputy assists with many of his duties. 副校长帮助校长做很多工作. * Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries, ie are answering questions which may lead to their arrest as suspected criminals or help the police find other suspects. 有两个人正在协助警方进行对他们的询问（回答涉嫌犯罪的问题从而将之逮捕或协助警方追查其他疑犯）. * You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a report. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告.  2 [Ipr] ~ at/in sth (fml 文) be present at or take part in sth 在某场合出席; 参加某事物: assist at the ceremony 参加仪式.n [U] (fml 文) help 帮助; 援助; 帮忙: Please call if you require assistance. 如果需要帮忙, 请打电话. * Can I be of any assistance, sir? 我能帮点儿忙吗, 先生? * Despite his cries no one came to his assistance. 尽管他大声喊叫, 却没有人来帮助他. * I can't move this piano without assistance. 没有人帮忙, 我可挪不动这架钢琴.n  1 person who helps 助手; 助理: My assistant will operate the tape-recorder. 我的助手将操纵录音机.  2 person who serves customers in a shop 店员.  adj [attrib 作定语] (abbr 缩写 asst) helping, and ranking next below, a senior person 助理的: the assistant manager 协理; 襄理; 副经理 * a senior assistant master, ie in a school （男）高级助理教师./əˈsaɪz; ə`saɪz/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (formerly) lawcourt session held periodically in each county of England and Wales for trying civil and criminal cases 巡回审判（旧时英国高等法院在英格兰和威尔士各郡举行的定期庭审, 审理民事与刑事案件）: courts of assize 巡回审判法庭.abbr 缩写 = associate(d); association./əˈsəʊʃɪət; ə`soʃɪət/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 joined or allied with a profession or organization （与某职业或组织）联合的, 联盟的, 合伙的: an associate judge 陪审法官 * the associate producer of a film 联合制片人.  2 having a lower level of membership than full members 准的（会员）: Associate members do not have the right to vote. 准会员没有选举权.

n  1 partner; colleague; companion 合伙人; 同事; 伙伴: one's business associates 业务合伙人 * They are associates in crime. 他们是共犯.  2 associate member 准会员.

/əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt; ə`soʃɪˌet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) join (people or things) together; connect (ideas, etc) in one's mind 将（人或事物）联系起来; 在头脑中联想（主意等）: You wouldn't normally associate these two writers  their styles are completely different. 通常不会把这两位作家相提并论--他们两人的风格完全不同. * Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来. * I always associate him with fast cars. 我总是由他联想到高速汽车.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sb act together with or often deal with sb 与某人交往或常打交道: I don't like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth declare or show that one is in agreement with sth 声称或表示自己赞同某事物: I have never associated myself with political extremism. 我从来不赞同政治上的极端主义./əˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃn; əˌsosɪ`eʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) ~ (with sb/sth) action of associating or being associated联合; 联系; 联盟; 合伙: His English improved enormously because of his association with British people. 因为他和英国人有来往, 所以他的英语突飞猛进. * There has always been a close association between these two schools. 这两所学校一向有密切联系. * We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless. 我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款. (b) being in sb's company; friendship 与某人为伍; 友谊; 友情; 交往: She became famous through her association with several poets. 她通过与几位诗人的交往而出名了.  2 [C] mental connection between ideas 联想: What associations does the sea have for you? 你从大海能联想到什么?  3 [C] group of people joined together for a common purpose; organization 社团; 协会; 学会: Do you belong to any professional associations? 你是哪个专业学会的?form of football played by two teams of eleven players, using a round ball that must not be handled during play except by the goalkeeper （英式）足球./ˈæsənəns; `æsənəns/ n [U] (rhyme that depends on the) similarity between the vowel sounds only or the consonant sounds only of two words or syllables, as in sharper and garter or killed and cold 半谐音（两个词或音节的元音类似或辅音类似, 如sharper 和garter 或killed和 cold）/əˈsɔːtɪd; ə`sɔrtɪd/ adj of different sorts; mixed 各种各样的; 混杂的; 什锦的: a tin of assorted biscuits 一罐什锦饼乾./əˈsɔːtmənt; ə`sɔrtmənt/ n collection of different things or of different types of the same thing; mixture 各类物品或同类各种物品的聚集; 混合物: a wide assortment of gifts to choose from 各式各样的礼品可供选择 * wearing an odd assortment of clothes 穿着奇装异服abbr 缩写 = assistant: Asst Sec 部长助理./əˈsweɪdʒ; ə`swedʒ/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less severe; soothe 减轻; 缓和; 平息: assuage one's hunger, thirst, grief, longing, etc 充饥, 解渴, 减轻悲痛, 抑制欲念./əˈsjuːm; <i>US</i> əˈsuːm; ə`sum/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] accept (sth) as true before there is proof 假定; 假设; 设想; 以为: We cannot assume anything in this case. 在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测. * I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我认为目前的情况将会继续下去. * We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪, 就得假定他是清白的. * We can all leave together  assuming (that) the others aren't late. 我们大家可以一起走--假定其他人不耽搁的话.  2 [Tn] put on or display (sth) falsely; pretend 装作; 装出; 假装: assume ignorance, indifference, an air of concern, etc 假装不知情, 装作不在乎, 假意关心等 * The look of innocence she assumed had us all fooled. 她装出清白无辜的样子把我们都愚弄了.  3 [Tn] begin to act in or exercise (sth); undertake; take on 开始从事; 承担; 担任; 呈: assume office 就职 * He assumes his new responsibilities next month. 他下月承担新任务. * The problem is beginning to assume massive proportions, ie become very great. 问题越来越大了.adj [attrib 作定语] pretended; false 假装的; 假的: living under an assumed name 使用假名字活着./əˈsʌmpʃn; ə`sʌmpʃən/ n  1 [C] thing accepted as true or as sure to happen, but not proved 假定; 假设; 设想: The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions. 这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的. * We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year. 我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作.  2 [U] ~ of sth act of displaying (insincere feelings, etc) 显示出（假情假意等）的行动; 假装: Their assumption of an air of confidence fooled nobody. 他们装出信心十足的样子却欺骗不了任何人.  3 [C] ~ of sth act of taking on (a position, etc) 承担, 担任（职务等）: her assumption of supreme power 她掌大权.  4 the Assumption [sing] (a) the taking of the Virgin Mary into Heaven in bodily form 圣母升天. (b) festival on 15 August celebrating this 圣母升天节（8月15日）./əˈʃɔːrəns; <i>US</i> əˈʃʊərəns; ə`ʃᴜrəns/ n  1 (also self-assurance) [U] confident belief in one's own abilities and powers 自信; 把握: act with, display, possess assurance 有把握, 有信心, 胸有成竹 * She shows remarkable assurance on stage for one so young. 她小小年纪, 在台上却泰然自若.  2 [C] statement expressing certainty about sth; promise 保证; 担保: He gave me an assurance that it would be ready by Friday. 他向我保证星期五一定准备好. * Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed. 他尽管再三保证, 但是借去的钱却始终没还.  3 [U] (esp Brit) insurance, esp on sb's life 保险（尤指人寿）: a life assurance policy 人寿保险单./əˈʃɔː(r); <i>US</i> əˈʃʊər; ə`ʃᴜr/ v  1 (a) [Dn.f] tell (sb) positively or confidently 明确地或有信心地告诉（某人）; 向（某人）保证: I assure you they'll be perfectly safe with us. 我向你保证, 他们和我们在一起十分安全. * They were assured that everything possible was being done. 已经向他们保证, 凡是可能做的都做到了. (b) [Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb/oneself (of sth) cause sb/oneself to be sure or feel certain about sth 使某人[自己]对某事物确信不疑或觉得肯定无误: They tried to assure him of their willingness to work. 他们尽力使他相信他们乐意工作. * She was able to assure herself that nothing had been taken from her purse. 她确信钱包  什么东西都没被拿走.  2 [Tn] make (sth) certain; ensure 使（某事物）确定; 确保: Her success as an actress was now assured. 她当演员很成功, 已毋庸置疑了.  3 [Tn] insure (sth), esp against sb's death 给（某事物）保险（尤指寿险）: What is the sum assured? 人寿保险额是多少?  4 (idm 习语) rest assured => rest1.adj confident 自信的; 有把握的: His public speaking manner is still not very assured. 他演讲的神态还显出有点缺乏自信. /əˈʃɔːrɪdlɪ; <i>US</i> əˈʃʊərədlɪ; ə`ʃᴜrɪdlɪ/ adv (arch 古) certainly 确定地; 肯定地./ˌeɪ es ˈtiː; ˌe ɛs `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (in Canada) Atlantic Standard Time （用于加拿大）大西洋标准时间./ˈæstətiːn; `æstəˌtin/ n [U] (chemistry 化) artificial radioactive element 刞（人工放射性元素）. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈæstə(r); `æstɚ/ n garden plant similar to the daisy with flowers that have a yellow centre and white, pink or purple petals 紫菀（雏菊状园艺植物, 花中央呈黄色, 花瓣为白色, 粉红色或紫色）./ˈæstərɪsk; `æstəˌrɪsk/ n star-shaped symbol (*) used in writing and printing to call attention to sth, eg a footnote, or to show that letters are omitted, as in Mr J*n*s for Mr Jones 星号（即 *, 用于书写及印刷中以引起注意, 例如有脚注或有省略的字母, 如以Mr J*n*s代表Mr Jones）.

v [Tn] mark (a word, phrase, etc) with an asterisk 用星号标出（词语等）: The asterisked questions may be omitted. 带星号的问题可以略去./əˈstɜːn; ə`stɝn/ adv  1 in, at or towards the stern of a ship or the tail of an aircraft 在或向船或飞行器的尾部.  2 (of a ship) backwards （指船）向後: Full speed astern! 全速後退!prep behind (another ship) 在（另一船）的後面: They fell astern of us, ie moved into position behind us. 他们落在我们船的後面./ˈæstərɔɪd; `æstəˌrɔɪd/ n any of many small planets revolving round the sun, esp between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter （尤指火星和木星轨道间运行的）小行星./ˈæsmə; <i>US</i> ˈæzmə; `æzmə/ n [U] chronic chest illness causing wheezing and difficulty in breathing 气喘; 哮喘./æsˈmtɪk; <i>US</i> æz-; æz`mætɪk/ adj of or suffering from asthma 气喘的; 患气喘病的: asthmatic pains 气喘疼痛 * an asthmatic child 患气喘病的儿童.  n person suffering from asthma 气喘病患者./ˌæstɪgˈmætɪk; ˌæstɪˇ`mætɪk/ adj./əˈstɪgmətɪzəm; ə`stɪˇməˌtɪzəm/ n [U] defect in an eye or a lens that prevents correct focusing （眼睛）散光, 乱视; （透镜）像散性, 像散现象. /əˈstɜː(r); ə`stɝ/ adv, adj [pred 作表语]  1 in a state of excited movement 处于激动状态: News of the Queen's visit set the whole town astir. 女王到访的消息轰动全城.  2 (dated 旧) out of bed 起床: He's never astir before 10 o'clock. 他从不在10点钟以前起床./əˈstɒnɪʃ; ə`stɑnɪʃ/ v [Tn] surprise (sb) greatly 使（某人）惊讶, 吃惊, 震惊: The news astonished everyone. 这消息使大家感到惊讶. * It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before. 以前谁也没想到这一点, 使我感到惊讶. * He was astonished to hear he had got the job. 他听到获得了那份工作而感到惊讶.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] very surprised 感到惊讶; 吃惊: She looked astonished when she heard the news. 她听到那消息显得很吃惊.adj very surprising 使人惊讶的; 惊人的: I find it quite astonishing that none of you liked the play. 我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧. * There were an astonishing number of applicants for the job. 申请这份工作的人数多得惊人. adv.n [U] great surprise 惊讶; 惊奇: Imagine my astonishment when Peter walked in! 你可以想像, 当彼得进来的时候, 我是多么惊奇. * To my astonishment it had completely disappeared. 使我惊讶的是, 它消失得无影无踪了. * He looked at me in astonishment. 他惊奇地看着我./əˈstaʊnd; ə`staᴜnd/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用 于被动语态] overcome (sb) with surprise or shock; amaze 使震惊; 使大吃一惊; 使惊奇: We were astounded to read your letter. 我们看了你的信大吃一惊.adj amazing 使人震惊的: The figures revealed by the report are astounding. 这份报告透露的数字使人震惊./ˌæstrəˈkn; <i>US</i> ˈæstrəkən; `æstrəkən/ n [U] (a) skin of young lambs with tightly-curled wool 阿斯特拉罕羔皮; 俄国羔皮 (b) material imitating this 仿羔皮的织物: [attrib 作定语] an astrakhan hat 阿斯特拉罕羔皮帽./ˈæstrəl; `æstrəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or from the stars 星的; 从星球来的: an astral body 星星 * astral beams 星光./əˈstreɪ; ə`stre/ adv  1 away from the right path or direction 歧途; 迷路: The misleading sign led me astray. 那个标志误人使我迷了路. * (fig 比喻) He had been led astray by undesirable friends. 他被损友引入歧途.  2 (idm 习语) go a`stray become mislaid 误置; 被放错地方: Have you seen my book? It seems to have gone astray. 你看见我的书了吗? 不知道搁哪儿了./əˈstraɪd; ə`straɪd/ adv  1 with one leg on each side 跨着地; 骑着地: Ladies ride horses by sitting astride or side-saddle. 女子骑马可以跨骑也可以坐横鞍.  2 with legs wide apart 双腿劈得很大.

prep with one leg on each side of (sth) 跨着; 骑着: sitting astride a horse, a gate, sb's knee 骑在马上, 大门上, 某人的膝上./əˈstrɪndʒənsɪ; ə`strɪndʒənsɪ/ n [U]./əˈstrɪndʒənt; ə`strɪndʒənt/ n substance, used medically or in cosmetics, that makes skin or body tissue contract and so stops bleeding 收敛剂; 止血药.

adj  1 of or having the effect of an astringent; styptic 收敛的; 止血的.  2 (fig 比喻) harsh; severe 严厉的; 严酷的: astringent criticism 严厉的批评. comb form 构词成分 of the stars or outer space 星的; 外太空的: astronaut * astrology./ˈæstrəleɪb; `æstrəˌleb/ n (formerly) instrument used for measuring the altitude of the sun, stars, etc 星盘（旧时用以测量太阳, 星星等的高度的仪器）./-ədʒə(r); -ədʒɚ/ n person who is an expert in astrology 占星家./ˌæstrəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌæstrə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj./əˈstrɒlədʒɪ; ə`strɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] study of the positions of the stars and movements of the planets in the belief that they influence human affairs 占星术（对命星位置和行星运行的研究, 认为可影响人类事务）. Cf 参看 horoscope, zodiac./ˈæstrənɔːt; `æstrəˌnɔt/ n person who travels in a spacecraft 宇航员; 航天员; 太空人: a rocket manned by trained astronauts 载有受过训练的宇航员的火箭./ˌæstrəˈnɔːtɪks; ˌæstrə`nɔtɪks/ n [sing v] science and technology of space travel 航天学; 太空飞行学./-nəmə(r); -nəmɚ/ n person who studies or is an expert in astronomy 天文学者; 天文学家./ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl; ˌæstrə`nɑmɪkl/ adj  1 of astronomy 天文学的.  2 (infml 口) very large in amount, size, etc 极大的; 庞大的: He's been offered an astronomical salary. 有人出巨额薪水聘请他./əˈstrɒnəmɪ; ə`strɑnəmɪ/ n [U] scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc 天文学./ˌæstrəʊˈfɪzɪks; ˌæstro`fɪzɪks/ n [sing v] branch of astronomy dealing with the physics and chemistry of the stars, planets, etc 天体物理学./əˈstjuːt; <i>US</i> əˈstuːt; ə`stut/ adj clever and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd 精明的; 机敏的; 狡诈的: an astute lawyer, businessman, judge of character, etc 干练的律师, 精明的商人, 知人之明 * It was an astute move to sell just before prices went down. 正好在价格下跌前脱手, 真是精明之举. adv. n [U]./əˈsʌndə(r); ə`sʌndɚ/ adv (dated or fml 旧或文) into pieces; apart 碎; 散: families torn asunder by the revolution 被革命拆散的家庭 * The house was ripped asunder by the explosion. 房子被炸得粉碎./əˈsaɪləm; ə`saɪləm/ n  1 (a) [U] safety; refuge 安全; 庇护: ask for/be granted political asylum, ie protection given to a political refugee by a foreign country 请求[准予]政治避难（外国给予政治难民的保护）. (b) [C] place of safety or refuge 庇护所; 避难所.  2 [C] (dated 旧) hospital for the care of mentally ill or destitute people 精神病院; 收容所./ˌeɪsɪˈmetrɪk; ˌesɪ`mɛtrɪk/ (also asymmetrical / -Ikl; -Ikl/) adj not having parts that correspond to each other in size, shape, etc; lacking symmetry 不对称的: Most people's faces are asymmetrical. 多数人的脸并不对称./ət; ət; strong form 强读式 t; æt/ prep  1 (a) (indicating a point in space 指空间的某一点): at the end of the runway 在跑道的尽头 * at the corner of the street 在街道的拐角 * go in at the side door 从旁门进入 * change at Didcot 在迪德考特转换 * arrive at the airport 到达飞机场 * At the roundabout take the third exit. 在环状交叉路口从第三条出路驶出. * I'll be at home (ie not at work, school, church, etc) all morning. 我一上午都在家. (b) (used with the name of a building, esp with reference to the activities going on inside 与建筑物名称连用, 尤指其中进行的活动): She's at the theatre, cinema, etc, ie watching a play, film, etc. 她在戏院,, 电影院里等（看戏, 看电影等） * She works at the hospital. 她在医院工作. * He's at (ie staying at) the Grand Hotel. 他住在格兰德大旅馆. (c) among those who attend 在参加者中: at a concert, conference, match, etc 参加音乐会, 会议, 比赛等. (d) (used with the name of a person + 's to refer to that person's home or place of work 与人名+'s连用, 指其家或工作处): They're at Keith's. 他们在基思家. * I was at my father's. 我先前在我父亲处. * They didn't have any bread at the baker's. 面包店  那时没有面包. (e) (indicating place of employment or study 指受雇的或学习的处所): He's been at the bank longer than anyone else. 他在银行工作时期比别人都长. * I'm at the head office. 我在总公司工作. * her three years at Oxford 她在牛津三年求学期间 (Cf 参看 spend three days in Oxford as a tourist).  2 (a) (indicating a point in time 指时间的某一点): start, meet, leave, etc at 2 o'clock  在2时开始, 会见, 离开等 * at 3.15/a quarter past 3  在3点15分[3时1刻] * He is to be shot at dawn. 定于黎明将他枪决. * I didn't know he was dead at the time of speaking, ie when I spoke. 我讲话时不知道他已死亡. * At the moment you called I was in the garden shed. 你来电话时我正在花园的小屋  . * at the end of the holiday 假日的终结. (b) (indicating a period of time 指一段时间): At night you can see the stars. 夜晚可以看到星星. * What are you doing at (US on) the weekend? 你在周末做什么? * take a few days' holiday at Christmas, Easter, Whitsun, etc 在圣诞节, 复活节, 圣灵降临节等休几天假. (c) (used to indicate the age at which sb does sth 用以指某人做某事时的年龄): She got married at 55. 她55岁时结婚. * You can retire at 60. 60岁时可以退休. * He left school at (the age of) 16. 他16（岁）时中学毕业. =>Usage at time1 用法见time1.  3 (a) in the direction of or towards (sb/sth) 向或朝（某人[某物]）的方向: aim the ball at the hole 将球对准那个洞 * direct one's advertising at a wider audience 将宣传面向范围更大的群众 * smile, grin, stare, wave, etc at sb 对着某人微笑, 咧着嘴笑, 凝视, 挥手等 * A man with a gun was shooting at the crowd. 有一持枪男子向人群射击. * The dog rushed at me, wagging its tail. 那狗摇晃着尾巴朝我奔来. * She shouted at me but I couldn't hear. 她冲着我喊叫, 可是我并没听见. * throw stones at the can in the water, ie trying to hit it 用石块向水中的罐扔去（想打中它）. (b) (used to show that sb tries to do sth but does not succeed or complete it 用以表示某人尽力做某事物却未做成或未做完): clutch at a rope 去抓绳索 * guess at the meaning 猜测意思 * She nibbled at a sandwich, ie ate only tiny portions. 她咬了几口三明治.  4 (indicating the distance away from sth 指离某事物的距离): Can you read a car number-plate at fifty metres? 你能在离汽车五十米远处看清车牌号码吗? * hold sth at arm's length 伸直胳膊握住某物.  5 (indicating a state, condition or continuous activity 指某状态, 情形或持续的活动): at war with their neighbours 与他们的邻国交战 * stand at ease, ie in a relaxed position 稍息（休息的姿势） * put sb at risk 置某人于危险地位 * children at play 玩耍着的儿童 * She's at work in the garden. 她正在花园, 干活儿.  6 (a) (indicating a rate, price, speed, etc 指比率, 价格, 速度等): House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation. 房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高. * I bought this coat at half-price/at 50% discount. 我用半价[5折]买的这件外衣. * driving at 70 mph 以每小时70英里的速度驾驶. (b) (indicating order or frequency 指顺序或频率): at the first attempt 初次尝试 * at two-minute intervals, ie once every two minutes 每隔两分钟.  7 in response to (sth) 对（某事物）回应: attend the dinner at the chairman's invitation 应主席之邀赴宴 * at the king's command 奉国王之命.  8 (used with his, her, our, etc and a superlative adj 与 his, her, our等及形容词的最高级连用): This was Torvill and Dean at their best. 这是托维尔和迪安的最佳表现. * The garden's at its most beautiful in June. 花园在六月份最美丽. * an example of British craftsmanship at its finest 英国手工艺的瑰宝.  9 (used after many adjs and ns 用于许多形容词和名词之後): good, clever, skilled, etc at restoring furniture, etc 善于, 精于, 长于翻修家具等 * hopeless at (playing) chess 对（下）国际象棋不堪造就 * She's a genius at doing crossword puzzles. 她做纵横填字游戏是一绝. * busy at their homework 都在忙着做功课 * impatient at the delay 因耽搁而不耐烦 * amused at the cartoons 对着连环画乐不可支 * delighted at the result 对结果满心欢喜 * puzzled at her silence 对她的缄默大惑不解 * his anger at being beaten 他被击败时的气恼.  10 (idm 习语) ,where it's `at (infml 口) place or activity that is very popular or fashionable 热闹的或时髦的场所或活动: Judging by the crowds waiting to get in this seems to be where it's at. 从争先恐後等待进去的人群来看, 这似乎是个热闹去处. (For idioms such as at hand, at once, at a low ebb, etc see entries at hand1, once, low1, etc. at hand, at once, at a low ebb等习语, 见hand1, once, low1.)/ət ˈhəʊm; ət`hom/ n (dated 旧) informal party in sb's home, to which guests may come at any time within certain hours 家庭招待会（在家庭内举行的非正式的聚会, 客人可在规定的若干小时内随时光临）./ˈætəvɪzəm; `ætəˌvɪzəm/ n [U] reappearance in a person of a characteristic or quality that has not been seen in his family for many generations 返祖现象. Cf 参看 throw-back (throw 1).  /ˌtəˈvɪstɪk; ˌætə`vɪstɪk/ adj: an atavistic urge 返祖倾向.pt of eat./əˈtelɪeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌætlˈjeɪ; `ætlˌje/ n artist's studio or workshop （艺术家的）工作室或制作室./ˈeɪθɪɪzəm; `eθɪˌɪzəm/ n [U] belief that there is no God 无神论./ˈeɪθɪɪst; `eθɪɪst/ n person who believes that there is no God 无神论者. Cf 参看 heathen, pagan./ˌeɪθɪˈɪstɪk; ˌeθɪ`ɪstɪk/ adj./ˈæθliːt; `æθlit/ n  1 person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports, esp running and jumping 运动员, 体育家（尤指跑和跳项目）.  2 person who has the strength and skill to perform well at sports 在运动方面有体力和技巧的人; 健儿: Most first-class footballers are natural athletes. 多数一流的足球运动员都是天生的健将.(infml 口) fungous disease of the feet 脚癣./æθˈletɪk; æθ`lɛtɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of athletes or athletics 运动员的; 运动的: an athletic club 运动员俱乐部 * athletic sports 体育运动.  2 physically strong, healthy and active 体格健壮而活跃的: an athletic figure 健壮的体格 * She looks very athletic. 她看起来很健美./æθˈletɪks; æθ`lɛtɪks/ n [sing v] physical exercises and competitive sports, esp running and jumping 体育运动（尤指跑和跳）: [attrib 作定语] an athletics meeting 运动会. =>App 4 见附录4./əˈθwɔːt; ə`θwɔrt/ adv, prep (esp nautical 尤用于航海) obliquely across (sth); from one side to the other side (of) 横跨着; 横穿过; 从一边到另一边: The ship was anchored athwart the harbour mouth. 轮船横着停泊在港口  ./əˈtɪʃuː; ə`tɪʃu/ interj (indicating the sound made by sb sneezing) 阿嚏（打喷嚏的声音）./ˈætləs; `ætləs/ n book of maps 地图集; 地图册./ˈætməsfɪə(r); `ætməsˌfɪr/ n  1 (a) the atmosphere [sing] the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth 大气, 大气层（包围地球的气体）. (b) [C] mixture of gases that surrounds any planet or star 包围任何星球的气体: the moon's atmosphere 月球周围的气体 * an atmosphere that supports life 可以维持生命的气体.  2 [sing] air in or around a place 某一地方的空气: The atmosphere is very stuffy in here  can we open a window? 这  的空气很闷--咱们能把窗户打开吗?  3 [sing] feeling in the mind that is created by a group of people or a place; mood 气氛; 情绪: An atmosphere of tension filled the room. 屋子  笼罩着紧张的气氛. * The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in. 她一进来气氛就变了. * The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛./ˌætməsˈferɪk; ˌætməs`fɛrɪk/ adj  1 of or related to the atmosphere 大气的; 大气层的: unusual atmospheric conditions 异常的大气状态.  2 creating an atmosphere(3) 制造气氛的: atmospheric lighting 制造气氛的灯光.pressure at a point due to the weight of the column of air above it 大气压力.n [pl] (a) electrical disturbances in the atmosphere 天电. (b) interference or crackling sounds on radios, etc caused by these 天电干扰（由天电造成的对无线电等的干扰或杂音）./ˈætɒl; `ætɑl/ n ring-shaped coral reef enclosing a lagoon 环状珊瑚岛; 环礁./ˈætəm; `ætəm/ n  1 (a) [C] smallest part of an element that can exist chemically 原子: Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water. 两个氢原子和一个氧原子结合而形成一个水分子. (b) [sing] this as a source of energy 原子能: the power of the atom 原子动力 * [attrib 作定语] an atom scientist 原子能专家.  2 [C] very small quantity or thing 极微小的量或事物: The tower was blown to atoms by the force of the explosion. 爆炸的力量把塔炸得粉碎. * There isn't an atom of truth in the rumour. 谣言中没有丝毫的真实性.= atomic bomb (atomic)./əˈtɒmɪk; ə`tɑmɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of an atom or atoms 原子的: atomic physics 原子物理学 * atomic warfare, ie using atomic bombs 原子战争（即使用原子弹的）.bomb whose explosive power comes from the rapid release of nuclear energy 原子弹.energy obtained as the result of nuclear fission 原子能.number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 原子序数.early type of nuclear reactor 原子反应堆.ratio between the mass of one atom of an element and one-twelfth of the weight of an atom of carbon 12  原子量（某元素的一个原子的质量与十二分之一的碳12原子量的比值）.=> atomize=> atomizer/ˈætəmaɪz; `ætəmˌaɪz/ v [Tn] reduce (sth) to atoms or fine particles 使（某物）分裂成原子或微粒; 使雾化.n device for producing a fine spray from a liquid, eg perfume 喷雾器（如喷香水的器具）./eɪˈtəʊnl; e`tonl/ adj (music 音) not written in any key or system of scales (scale2 6) 无调的; 不成调的. /ˌeɪtəʊˈnælətɪ; ˌeto`nælətɪ/ n [U]./əˈtəʊn; ə`ton/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) act in a way that compensates for a previous wrong, error, etc 补（过）; 赎（罪）: atone for a crime, a sin, one's mistakes, one's bad behaviour, etc 抵罪, 赎罪, 弥补过错, 补救不良行为等 * I have treated you unkindly  how can I atone (for it)? 我一向待你很刻薄--我怎么才能赔罪呢?n  1 [C, U] (fml 文) act of atoning 补偿（过失）; 赔礼; 赔罪; 谢罪: He sent her some flowers in atonement for his earlier rudeness. 他因自己先前的粗鲁而向她献花赔罪.  2 the Atonement [sing] the suffering and death of Christ to atone for the sins of mankind 耶稣为替世人赎罪而承受的苦难及其死亡./əˈtɒp; ə`tɑp/ prep (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) at or on the top of (sth) 在...顶上: a seagull perched atop the mast 停歇在桅杆顶上的海鸥./əˈtrəʊʃəs; ə`troʃəs/ adj  1 very wicked, cruel or shocking 恶毒的; 残忍的; 残暴的: atrocious crimes, injuries, acts of brutality, etc 残暴的罪行, 伤害, 兽行等.  2 (infml 口) very bad or unpleasant 恶劣的; 讨厌的: speak English with an atrocious accent 用难听的口音说英语 * Isn't the weather atrocious? 天气真糟透了, 是吧? adv. n [U]./əˈtrɒsətɪ; ə`trɑsətɪ/ n (a) [U] great wickedness or cruelty 恶毒; 残忍; 残暴: I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes. 这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] very wicked or cruel act 暴行: Many atrocities are committed on innocent people in wartime. 战争期间无辜百姓横遭蹂躏./ˈætrəfɪ; `ætrəfɪ/ n [U] wasting away of the body or part of it through lack of nourishment or use （身体或身体某部因缺乏营养或不常使用而）萎缩: (fig 比喻) The cultural life of the country will sink into atrophy unless more writers and artists emerge. 除非能多涌现出一些作家和艺术家, 否则这个国家的文化生活将枯萎衰退.

v (pt, pp -ied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) suffer atrophy （使某事物）萎缩: atrophied limbs, muscles 萎缩的肢体, 肌肉./əˈtætʃ; ə`tætʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) fasten or join sth (to sth) 将某物系在, 缚在或附在（另一物）上: a house with a garage attached 带有车房的房子 * attach a label to each piece of luggage 每件行李上都加上标签 * a document attached to a letter (with a pin) 信中（用别针）附一文件 * Attached (ie Attached to this letter) you will find.... 随信附上.... Cf 参看 detach 1.  2 [Tn.pr] (a) ~ oneself to sb/sth join sb/sth as a (sometimes unwelcome or uninvited) companion or member （有时指不受欢迎或未受邀请而）依附某人[参加某事]: A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him. 聚会中有个小青年总缠着我, 我也甩不开他. * I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum. 我随着一队游客混入了博物馆. (b) ~ sb to sb/sth (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) assign sb to (a person or group) for special duties 将某人派给（一人或一组织）去执行某任务; 使隶属于: You'll be attached to this department until the end of the year. 你在年底前将暂属于这一部门.  3 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth connect sth with sth; attribute sth to sth 将某事物与另一事物相联系; 将某事物归于另一事物: Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗? (b) [Ipr] ~ to sb (fml 文) be connected with or attributable to sb 与某人相关联; 归于某人: No blame attaches to you in this affair. 这件事不怪你.  4[Tn] (law 律) take or seize (sb or sb's property) by legal authority 逮捕（某人）; 扣押, 查封（某人的财物）.  5 (idm 习语) no strings attached/without strings => string1./əˈtæʃeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌætəˈʃeɪ; ˌætə`ʃe/ n person attached to an ambassador's staff with a particular responsibility 使馆随员; 使馆职员: the naval/military/air/press attache 海军武官[陆军武官/空军武官/新闻参事].small rectangular case for carrying documents, etc 公文包.adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) full of affection for sb/sth 依恋, 爱慕, 留恋某人[某事物]: I've never seen two people so attached (to each other). 我从没见过两个人（彼此）这样如胶似漆. * We've grown very attached to this house and would hate to move. 我们十分留恋这所房子, 真舍不得搬家.n  1 [U] action of attaching; being attached 附着; 附属; 附带: She's on attachment to (ie temporarily working in) the Ministry of Defence. 她暂时隶属于国防部.  2 [C] thing that is or can be attached 附属物; 附件: an electric drill with a range of different attachments 带有各种配件的电钻.  3 [U] ~ (to/for sb/sth) affection; devotion 依恋; 眷恋; 留恋: feel a strong attachment to one's family 十分恋家.  4 [U] (law 律) seizing sb's property, etc with legal authority 扣押或查封某人的财物./əˈtæk; ə`tæk/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) violent attempt to hurt, overcome or defeat sb/sth 伤害; 攻击; 进攻; 攻打: make an attack on the enemy, bridge, town 向敌人, 桥梁, 城镇进攻 * the victim of a terrorist attack 恐怖分子攻击的受害者 * Our troops are now on the attack. 我们的部队正在进攻. * The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击. * (saying 谚) Attack is the best form of defence. 进攻是最好的防御.  2 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) strong criticism in speech or writing 抨击; 非难: an attack on the Government's policies 对政府政策的抨击.  3 [C] ~ (on sth) vigorous attempt to deal with sth 对某事物奋力着手处理; 动手: an all-out attack on poverty, unemployment, etc 全力着手解决贫困, 失业等问题.  4 [C] sudden start of an illness, etc （疾病等突然的）侵袭, 发作: an attack of asthma, flu, malaria, hiccups, nerves, etc 气喘, 流感, 疟疾, 呃逆, 神经质等发作 * a `heart attack 心脏病发作 * (fig 比喻) an attack of the giggles 一阵咯咯的傻笑.  5 [U] (esp vigorous) way of beginning sth （尤指强有力的）开始某事物: This piece of music needs to be played with more attack. 这段乐曲的开始部分要演奏得更加雄壮有力.  6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (sport 体) (players who are in the) position of trying to score in a game, eg of football or cricket （在如足球或板球比赛中处于可得分的）进攻位置（的运动员）: England's attack has been weakened by the injury of certain key players. 英格兰队某些主力运动员受伤而使攻球削弱. * We must move more players into the attack. 我们要多调配运动员到攻球区.

v  1 [I, Tn] make an attack on (sb/sth) 攻击; 进攻; 袭击: They decided to attack at night. 他们决定夜晚进攻. * attack a neighbouring country 攻击邻国 * A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths. 有一妇女遭到一群青年的袭击和抢劫.  2 [Tn] criticize (sb/sth) severely 抨击: a newspaper article attacking the Prime Minister 报纸上抨击首相的文章.  3 [Tn] begin to deal with (sth) vigorously; tackle 奋力着手处理（某事物）; 对付: The Government is making no attempt to attack unemployment. 政府无意解决失业问题. * Shall we attack the washing-up? 咱们动手洗碗碟好吗? * They attacked their meal with gusto. 他们大吃大喝.  4 [Tn] act harmfully on (sth/sb) 侵袭, 腐蚀（某事物[某人]）: a disease that attacks the brain 侵袭大脑的疾病 * Rust attacks metals. 锈能腐蚀金属. attacker n person who attacks 攻击者; 进攻者; 抨击者./əˈteɪn; ə`ten/ v  1 [Tn] succeed in getting (sth); achieve 获得（某事物）; 达到; 实现: attain a position of power 获得权位 * attain one's goal, objective, ambition, etc 实现目的, 目标, 抱负等 * attain our target of 50000 达到我们的50000英镑的目标.  2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth (usu fml 通常作文雅语) reach or arrive at sth, esp with effort 达到, 到达某事物（尤指经过努力）: He attained the age of 25 before marrying. 他年届廿五始完婚.adj that can be attained 可获得; 可达到的; 可实现的: These objectives are certainly attainable. 这些目标一定可以达到.n  1 [U] success in reaching 达到; 到达: The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream. 她要实现抱负仍是一种梦想.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing attained, esp skill or knowledge 成就; 造诣: a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者./ˈætə(r); `ætɚ/ n [U] fragrant oil obtained from flowers 香精: attar of roses 玫瑰油./əˈtempt; ə`tɛmpt/ v [Tn, Tt] make an effort to accomplish (sth); try (to do sth) 尝试; 努力; 试图: The prisoners attempted an escape/to escape, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑, 但是失败了. * Don't attempt the impossible. 不要试图做不可能的事. * He was charged with attempted robbery. 他被控以意图抢劫罪. * All candidates must attempt Questions 1-5. 所有考生均须回答第15题. * They are attempting (to climb) the steepest part of the mountain. 他们努力攀登这座山的最陡的部分. * She will attempt to beat the world record. 她决心要打破世界纪录.

n  1 ~ (to do sth/at doing sth) act of attempting sth 试图; 企图; 尝试: They made no attempt to escape/at escaping. 他们并未图谋逃跑. * My early attempts at learning to drive were unsuccessful. 我曾经几次打算学开车, 却都没有学成. * They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain. 他们攀登那座山的一切尝试都失败了.  2 ~ (at sth) thing produced by sb trying to do or make sth 试图做某事物而得到的产物: My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible. 我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了.  3 ~ (on sth) effort to improve on or end sth; attack 对改进或结束某事物所做的努力; 攻击; 袭击: the latest attempt on the world land speed record 为创造世界陆上速度纪录所做的最新尝试 * An attempt was made on the Pope's life. 有人策划杀害教皇./əˈtend; ə`tɛnd/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) apply one's mind steadily; give careful thought 专心; 仔细考虑: Why weren't you attending when I explained before? 我以前解释的时候, 你怎么不注意听呢? * Attend to your work and stop talking. 专心工作, 不要说话.  2 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth give practical consideration to sb/sth 照顾, 关照某人[某事物]: A nurse attends to his needs. 有个护士照顾他. * Are you being attended to (eg said by an assistant to a customer in a shop)? 有人接待您吗（如店员问顾客）? * Could you attend to (ie deal with) this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻处理这件事?  3 [Tn] take care of (sb); look after 照看（某人）; 照料; 看护: Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院中给她治病.  4 [Tn] go regularly to (a place); be present at 照例去（某处）; 出席: attend school, church, etc 上学, 上教堂等 * They had a quiet wedding  only a few friends attended (it). 他们的婚礼静悄悄的--只有几个朋友参加. * The meeting was well attended, ie Many people were there. 有很多人出席会议.  5 [Tn] (fml 文) be with (sb/sth); accompany 伴随（某人[某事物]）; 陪伴: The Queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. 女王由宫廷女侍陪伴. * (fig 比喻) May good fortune attend you! 祝你红运当头!/əˈtendəns; ə`tɛndəns/ n  1 [U, C] action or time of being present 出席; 到场; 参加: Attendance at evening prayers is not compulsory. 参加晚祷并非硬性规定. * You have missed several attendances this term. 这学期你有几次缺席.  2 [C] number of people present 出席人数: They're expecting a large attendance at the meeting. 他们希望有很多人出席这次会议. * Attendances have increased since we reduced the price of tickets. 我们降低了票价, 到场的人就多起来了.  3 (idm 习语) dance attendance on sb => dance2. in attendance (on sb) present in order to look after, protect or serve sb 护理; 卫护; 服侍: A nurse was in constant attendance. 有个护士随时护理. * The President always has six bodyguards in close attendance. 总统有六名警卫员时时刻刻在左右保卫.(Brit) money paid by the state to sb who cares for a severely disabled relative, etc （国家付给因护理严重伤残的亲友的）护理津贴.(Brit) place where young offenders must go regularly for supervision, as an alternative to being sent to prison 少年教导所./əˈtendənt; ə`tɛndənt/ n  1 person whose job is to provide a service in a public place 服务员; 侍者: a cloakroom, swimming-pool, museum, etc attendant 衣帽间, 游泳池, 博物馆等处的服务员.  2 (esp pl 尤作复数) servant or companion 随员; 陪侍: the queen's attendants 女王的侍从.

adj [attrib 作定语] accompanying 伴随的; 陪从的: an attendant nurse 专责护士 * attendant circumstances 附带情况 * famine and its attendant diseases 饥荒及随之而来的疾病.n person who attends (attend 4) 参加者; 出席者: She's a regular attender at evening classes. 她上夜校一贯按时出席./əˈtenʃn; ə`tɛnʃən/ n  1 [U] action of applying one's mind to sth/sb or noticing sth/sb 注意; 专心; 留心: call sb's attention to sth 叫[引起]某人注意某事 * Please pay attention (ie listen carefully) (to what I am saying). 请注意（我说的话）. * She turned her attention to a new problem. 她把注意力转移到一个新问题上. * Our attention was held throughout his long talk. 我们始终专心听着他的长篇大论. * You must give your full attention to what you are doing. 你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事. * I keep trying to attract the waiter's attention. 我不断示意招呼服务员. * It has been brought to my attention (ie I have been informed) that.... 我已获悉....  2 [U] special care or action; practical consideration 特别的照顾或处理; 实际的考虑: He gives all his attention to his car. 他十分关心他的汽车. * This letter is for the attention of the manager. 这封信是要经理亲自处理的. * The roof needs attention, ie to be repaired. 屋顶需要修理了.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) kind or thoughtful act 厚待; 殷勤: He showed his concern for his sick mother by his many little attentions. 他对病中的母亲表现了无微不至的关心.  4 [U] soldier's drill position, standing upright with feet together and arms stretched downwards (used esp in the expressions shown) 立正的姿势（尤用于以下示例）: come to/stand at attention 立正. Cf 参看 ease1 2.  5 (idm 习语) catch sb's attention/eye => catch1. draw attention to sth => draw2. give one's undivided attention; get/have sb's undivided attention => undivided. snap to attention => snap. > attention interj  1 (calling people to listen to an announcement, etc 招唤人们注意听通告等): Attention, please! The bus will leave in ten minutes. 请注意! 公共汽车十分钟後开. * Attention all shipping, motorists, housewives.... 所有船舶, 机动车驾驶员, 家庭主妇请注意....  2 (also infml 口语亦作 shun / FQn; FQn/) (ordering soldiers to come to attention(4) 命令士兵立正.)/əˈtentɪv; ə`tɛntɪv/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving attention (to sb/sth); alert and watchful （对某人[某事物]）注意的; 留心的; 警惕的: an attentive audience 聚精会神的听众[观众] * A good hostess is always attentive to the needs of her guests. 好客的女主人能随时留心客人的需要. > attentively adv: listening attentively to the speaker 专心地听着演讲人的话./əˈtenjʊeɪt; ə`tɛnjᴜˌet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (sth/sb) thin or slender 使（某事物[某人]）变细或变瘦: attenuated limbs 枯瘦如柴的四肢.  2 (esp law 尤用于法律) reduce the force or value of (sth); weaken 减弱（某事物）的力量; 降低（某事物）的价值; 弱化: attenuating circumstances, ie facts that weaken the strength of an argument 情有可原的情形（可使辩论的强度减轻的事实）. /əˌtenjʊˈeɪʃn; əˌtɛnjᴜ`eʃən/ n [U]./əˈtest; ə`tɛst/ v (fml 文)  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth be or give clear proof of sth 作为或提供某事物的明证: His handling of the crisis attested to his strength of character. 他对危机的处理证明了他性格坚强. * Her outstanding abilities were attested by her rapid promotion. 她杰出的才干已经由她获得迅速提升而得到证明. * These papers attest the fact that.... 这些文件证明了这一事实....  2 [Tn] declare (sth) to be true or genuine; be a witness to (sth) 声称（某事物）属实或是真的; 作为（某事物）的见证: attest a signature 对签字作见证./ˌteˈsteɪʃn; ˌætɛs`teʃən/ n [U, C].adj (Brit) certified to be free from disease, esp tuberculosis 证明无病的（尤指结核病）: attested cattle/milk 证明无病的牛[不含病菌的奶]./ˈætɪk; `ætɪk/ n space or room immediately below the roof of a house 阁楼; 顶楼: furniture stored in the attic 在阁楼  存放的家具 * [attrib 作定语] an attic bedroom 顶楼卧室. Cf 参看 garret./əˈtaɪə(r); ə`taɪr/ n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) clothes; dress 衣服; 服装: wearing formal attire 穿着礼服.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (dated 旧) dress (sb) 穿着: attired in robes of silk and fur 穿着丝织的和毛皮的长袍./ˈætɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `ætəˌtud/ n  1 ~ (to/towards sb/sth) way of thinking or behaving 看法; 态度: What is your attitude to abortion? 你对堕胎有什么看法? * She shows a very positive attitude to her work. 她工作态度非常积极. * Don't take that attitude with me, young man! 别用这种态度对我, 小伙子!  2 (fml 文) way of positioning the body 姿势: The photographer has caught him in the attitude of prayer, eg kneeling. 摄影者捕捉住他祈祷的姿势（如跪着）.  3 (idm 习语) strike an attitude/a pose => strike2.=> attitudinize/ˌætɪˈtjuːdɪnaɪz; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːdən-;ˌætə`tudnˌaɪz/ v [I] speak, write or behave in an affected way in order to impress others （在说话, 书写或行动中）装腔作势.abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (for the) attention of: Publicity Dept, attn Mr C Biggs 宣传部, 送交西·比格兹先生./əˈtɜːnɪ; ə`tɝnɪ/ n  1 person appointed to act for another in business or legal matters （业务或法律事务上的）代理人: power of attorney, ie authority to act as attorney 代理权 * a letter of attorney, ie one giving sb this authority 授权书.  2 (US) lawyer, esp one qualified to act for clients in court 律师（尤指有资格代表当事人出庭者）: a district attorney, ie the public prosecutor for a particular region 地方检查官.n (abbr 缩写 Atty-Gen) (in certain countries) chief legal officer, appointed by the Government （某些国家的）司法部长. Cf 参看 Solicitor-General (solicitor)./əˈtrækt; ə`trækt/ v [Tn]  1 pull (sth) towards itself/oneself by unseen force 吸引: A magnet attracts steel. 磁石能吸钢铁.  2 (a) arouse interest or pleasure in (sb/sth) 引起（某人[某事物]的兴趣或快感; 激发; 引诱: The light attracted a lot of insects. 亮光招引了很多昆虫. * The dog was attracted by the smell of the meat. 狗受到肉味的引诱. * Babies are attracted to bright colours. 婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色. * Do any of these designs attract you? 这些设计中有使你感兴趣的吗? * I'm very attracted to her, ie I feel I would like to become more friendly with her. 我对她产生了好感. (b) arouse (sth); prompt 引起; 激起: attract sb's attention, interest, etc 引起某人的注意, 兴趣等 * The new play has attracted a good deal of criticism. 这出新剧招致很多批评./əˈtrækʃn; ə`trækʃən/ n  1 [U] action or power of attracting 吸引; 吸引力: I can't see the attraction of sitting on the beach all day. 我看不出整天坐在沙滩上有什么意思. * She felt an immediate attraction to him. 她对他一见锺情. * The television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没有什么吸引力.  2 [C] thing that attracts (attract 2a) 有吸引力的事物: One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary. 这份工作最吸引人的是薪水高. * City life holds few attractions for me. 城市生活中没有什么吸引我的东西. Cf 参看 repulsion./əˈtræktɪv; ə`træktɪv/ adj having the power to attract(2a); pleasing or interesting 有吸引力的; 诱人的; 使人愉快的; 引起兴趣的: I don't find him at all attractive. 我觉得他一点儿也不讨人喜欢. * Your proposal sounds very attractive. 你的建议很动听. * goods for sale at attractive prices 价钱低廉诱人的货物. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见 beautiful. > attractively adv: attractively arranged, displayed, presented, etc 诱人地摆着, 陈列着, 展示着等. n [U]./əˈtrɪbjʊtəbl; ə`trɪbjᴜtəbl/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可归属或归因于某人[某事物]: Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo? 这幅画是米开朗琪罗画的吗?/əˈtrɪbjuːt; ə`trɪbjᴜt/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth 认为某事物属于某人[某事物]; 认为某事物由某人[某事物]引起或产生: This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本通常认为是莎士比亚作的. * She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck. 她认为她的成功是由于勤奋加上一点儿运气而得来的.

/ˈætrɪbjuːt; `ætrəˌbjut/ n  1 quality regarded as a natural or typical part of sb/sth 属性; 特质; 性质: Her greatest attribute was her kindness. 她最大的特点是为人厚道. * Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher. 当教师最重要的一个品性就是要有耐心.  2 object recognized as a symbol of a person or his position 人物或其职位的标志; 象徵: The sceptre is an attribute of kingly power. 节杖是国王权力的象徵./ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃn; ˌætrə`bjuʃən/ n  1 [U] attributing sth to sb/sth 将某事物归属或归因于某人[某事物].  2 [C] thing or quality attributed to sb/sth 所归属或归因于某人[某事物]的事物或特性./əˈtrɪbjʊtɪv; ə`trɪbjətɪv/ adj (grammar) (of adjectives or nouns) used directly before a noun, to describe it （指形容词或名词）定语的. Cf 参看 predicative. adv./əˈtrɪʃn; ə`trɪʃən/ n [U]  1 process of gradually weakening sb's strength and confidence by continuous harassment (used esp in the expression shown) 消耗, 消损（尤用于以下示例）: a war of attrition 消耗战.  2 wearing sth away by rubbing; friction 磨损; 摩擦./əˈtjuːn; <i>US</i> əˈtuːn; ə`tun/ v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth/sb to sth bring sth/sb into harmony or agreement with sth; make sth/sb familiar with sth 使某事物[某人]与另一事物调合或一致; 使某事物[某人]熟悉另一事物: We/Our ears are becoming attuned to the noise of the new factory nearby. 我们[我们的耳朵]逐渐适应了附近新工厂的噪声.abbr 缩写 = (esp US) Attorney-General./ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkl; e`tɪpɪkl/ adj not representative or characteristic of its type; not typical 不具代表性或同类特性的; 非典型的: a creature that is atypical of its species 没有其同类特性的生物. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌəʊ ˈfeɪ; o`fe/ adj [pred 作表语] (French 法) ~ (with sth) fully acquainted (with sth) （对某事物）熟悉; 通晓: It's my first week here so I'm not yet au fait with the system. 我刚来不到一个星期, 对这里的制度还不太熟悉./ˌəʊ ˈfɒn; ˌo`fɔ/ adv (French 法) basically 基本上; 根本地: The problem is that, au fond, he's very lazy. 问题是他根本就很懒./ˌəʊ ˈgrætn; o`ˇrætn/ adv (French 法) cooked with a crisp coating of breadcrumbs or grated cheese 烤制成带有一层松脆的面包屑或乾酪末: cauliflower au gratin 脆皮菜花./ˌəʊ ˈpeə(r); o`pɛr/ person (usu from overseas) who receives board and lodging with a family in return for helping with the housework, etc 以帮做家务事等换取食宿（通常为来自海外）的人; 换工: We've got a German au pair for six months. 我们找到了一个可以干六个月的德国换工. * [attrib 作定语] an au pair girl 做换工的姑娘./ˌəʊ rəˈvwɑː(r); ˌorəv`wɑr/ (French 法) goodbye until we meet again 再见: Au revoir, see you again next year! 再见, 明年见!/ˈəʊbəʒiːn; `obɚˌʒin/ (also esp US egg-plant) n [C, U] (a) large (almost egg-shaped) dark purple fruit, used as a vegetable 茄子（果实）. (b) plant producing this fruit 茄子（植物）./ɔːˈbriːʃə; ɔ`briʃə/ n small perennial plant that flowers in spring and is often grown on stone walls, rockeries, etc 紫花荠（矮小的多年生植物, 春季开花, 常生长于石壁, 假山等上面）./ˈɔːbən; `ɔbɚn/ adj (esp of hair) reddish-brown （尤指毛发）红褐色的./ˈɔːkʃn, also ˈɒkʃn; `ɔkʃən/ n  1 [U] method of selling things in which each item is sold to the person who offers the most money for it 拍卖（方式）: The house is up for auction/will be sold by auction. 这所房子将要拍卖. * It should fetch (ie be sold for) 100000 at auction. 拍卖它可得100000英镑.  2 [C] (also `auction sale) public event when this takes place 拍卖: attend all the local auctions 参加本地所有的拍卖活动.

v  1 [Tn] sell (sth) by auction 拍卖.  2 (phr v) auction sth off sell (esp surplus or unwanted goods) by auction 拍卖掉（尤指剩馀的或多馀的物资）: The Army is auctioning off a lot of old equipment. 军队正在把大量旧装备拍卖掉.form of bridge in which players bid for the right to name trumps 竞叫桥牌（桥牌戏的一种, 谁叫牌最高就由谁定王牌）./ˌɔːkʃəˈnɪə(r); ˌɔkʃən`ɪr/ n person whose job is conducting auctions 拍卖人./ɔːˈdeɪʃəs; ɔ`deʃəs/ adj  1 showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless 有冒险精神的; 大胆的; 无畏的: an audacious plan, scheme, etc 大胆的计划, 设计等.  2 impudent; recklessly bold 厚颜无耻的; 鲁莽的: an audacious remark 放肆的话. adv. /ɔːˈdæsətɪ; ɔ`dæsətɪ/ n [U]: He had the audacity to tell me I was too fat. 他竟然胆敢对我说我太肥胖./ˌɔːdəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌɔdə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈɔːdəbl; `ɔdəbl/ adj that can be heard clearly听得见的: Her voice was scarcely audible above the noise of the wind. 在风声中, 她的声音几乎听不见. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˈɔːdɪəns; `ɔdɪəns/ n  1 [CGp] group of people who have gathered together to hear or watch sb/sth 听众; 观众: The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play. 那出戏首次公演之夜观众非常热情. * She has addressed audiences all over the country. 她曾向全国各地的听众演讲.  2 [C] number of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing 看着或听着同一事物的人们: An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV. 数以百万计的人们在电视上观看皇家婚礼. * His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television. 他的书拍成电视以後, 使读者范围扩大到观众了.  3 [C] formal interview with a ruler or an important person 与统治者或要人的正式会见; 觐见; 谒见: request an audience with the Queen 请求觐见女王 * grant a private audience to a foreign ambassador 准予外国大使私人谒见./ˌɔːdɪəʊ ˈfriːkwənsɪ; ˌɔdɪo `frikwənsɪ/ (radio) frequency that can be heard when converted into sound waves by a loudspeaker 成音频率; 音频./ˈɔːdɪəʊ taɪpɪst; `ɔdɪo ˌtaɪpɪst/ person who listens to a tape recording and types what is heard 录音打字员（听录音打字的人员）.comb form 构词成分 of hearing or sound 听觉的; 声音的: audio-visual./ˌɔːdɪəʊ ˈvɪʒʊəl; ˌɔdɪo `vɪʒᴜəl/ adj (abbr 缩写 AV) using both sight and sound 视觉听觉的; 视听的: ,audio-visual `aids for the classroom, eg cassette recorders, video recorders, pictures, etc 课堂视听教具（如盒式录音机, 录相机, 图片等）./ˈɔːdɪt; `ɔdɪt/ n official (usu yearly) examination of accounts to see that they are in order （政府的）审计, 查帐（通常为一年一度的）.

v [Tn] examine (accounts, etc) officially 审计, 查核（帐目等）./ɔːˈdɪʃn; ɔ`dɪʃən/ n trial hearing of a person who wants to perform as an actor, a singer, a musician, etc （对拟做演员, 歌手, 乐师等人的）试听, 试音: I'm going to the audition but I don't expect I'll get a part. 我去试音, 可并不指望会给我个角色演出.

v  1 [I] take part in an audition 试音: Which part are you auditioning for? 你扮什么角色试音?  2 [Tn] give an audition to (sb) 试听: None of the actresses we've auditioned is suitable. 我们试听的这些女演员都不合适./ˈɔːdɪtə(r); `ɔdɪtɚ/ n person who audits accounts 审计员; 查帐人./ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːrɪəm; ˌɔdə`tɔrɪəm/ n part of a theatre, concert hall, etc in which an audience sits 观众席; 听众席./ˈɔːdɪtrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `ɔdəˌtɔrɪ/ adj of or concerned with hearing 听觉的; 关于听觉的: the auditory nerve 听觉神经.abbr 缩写 = August: 31 Aug 1908  1908年8月31日./ˈɔːgə(r); `ɔˇɚ/ n tool for boring holes in wood, like a gimlet but larger 螺旋钻; 麻花钻./ɔːt; ɔt/ pron (arch 古)  1 anything 任何事物.  2 (idm 习语) for aught/all sb knows => know./ɔːgˈment; ɔˇ`mɛnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) larger in number or size; increase 增多; 增大; 增加: augment one's income by writing reviews 藉写书评而增加收入./ˌɔːgmenˈteɪʃn; ˌɔˇmɛn`teʃən/ n(fml 文)  1 [U] action of augmenting or being augmented增多; 增大; 增加.  2 [C] thing that is added to sth 增加物./ɔːˈgʌstən; ɔ`ˇʌstən/ adj  1 of the reign of Augustus Caesar, when Latin literature flourished （拉丁文学全盛时期的）奥古斯都·恺撒统治时期的.  2 (of any literature) classical(1); stylish （指任何文学）经典的, 典雅的: The Augustan age of English literature includes the writers Dryden, Swift and Pope. 在英国文学的全盛时期  有德莱顿, 斯威夫特和蒲柏等文豪./ɔːk; ɔk/ n northern sea-bird with short narrow wings 海雀（北方海鸟, 翅短而窄）./ˌɔːld lŋ ˈsaɪn; ˌɔld læŋ `saɪn/ (Scot 苏格兰) (title of a popular song sung esp at the beginning of each new year and expressing feelings of friendship for the sake of) good times long ago 美好的往日（歌曲名, 尤于新年时及抒发对往日友谊之情时唱的）./ɑːnt; <i>US</i> ænt; ænt/  1 (a) n sister of one's father or mother; wife of one's uncle 姑母; 姨母; 伯母; 婶母; 舅母: Aunt Mary is my mother's sister. 玛丽姨母是我母亲的妹妹. =>App 8 见附录8. (b) woman whose brother or sister has a child 身为姑母或姨母的女子.  2 (infml 口) (used by children, usu in front of a first name 儿童用语, 通常用于被称呼者名前, 不与姓同称) unrelated woman friend, esp of one's parents 阿姨, 姑姑（尤指父母的朋友）.1 wooden figure used as a target in a throwing-game at fairs, etc 在游乐场等处用作投掷游戏目标的木偶.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that is subjected to general abuse and criticism, often undeserved 广为人指责的人或事物（常为代人受过者）; 替罪羊; 替死鬼: Any public figure risks being made an Aunt Sally by the popular press. 任何知名人士都要冒风险, 会成为通俗刊物的众矢之的./ˈɑːntɪ; <i>US</i> ˈæntɪ; `æntɪ/ n (infml 口) = aunt./ˈɔːrə; `ɔrə/ n distinctive atmosphere that seems to surround and be caused by a person or thing （发自某人或某物而环绕其周围的）特殊气氛; 氛围: She always seems to have an aura of happiness about her. 她好像总是喜气洋洋的./ˈɔːrəl or, rarely, 罕读作 ˈaʊrəl; `ɔrəl/ adj of or concerning the ear or hearing 耳的或听觉的; 关于耳的或听觉的: an aural surgeon 耳科外科医师 * aural comprehension tests 听力测验. adv./ɔːˈrɪələ; ɔ`riələ/ (also aureole / 5R:rIEUl; `RrI9ol/) n (pl ~s)  1 = halo.  2 = corona./ɔːˈrɪkjʊlə(r); ɔ`rɪkjəlɚ/ adj of or like the ear 耳的; 耳状的: an auricular confession, ie one spoken privately into the ear of a priest 秘密忏悔（向神父秘密耳语忏悔）./ɔːˈrɔːrə; ɔ`rɔrə/ n  1 au,rora bore`alis / bR:rI5eIlIs; 9bRrI`elIs/ (also the northern lights) bands of coloured light, mainly red and green, seen in the sky at night near the North Pole and caused by electrical radiation 北极光（在北极上空夜晚可见由电辐射产生的带状彩色光, 以红绿为主）.  2 au,rora au`stralis/ C5streIlIs; Rs`trelIs/ similar lights seen in the southern hemisphere 南极光（在南半球可见的类似的光）./ˈɔːspɪsɪz; `ɔspɪsɪz/ n [pl] (idm 习语) under the auspices of sb/sth helped and supported by sb/sth; having sb/sth as a patron 在某人[某事物]的帮助或支持下; 有某人[某事物]赞助的: set up a business under the auspices of a government aid scheme 在政府援助计划资助下创办公司. under favourable, etc auspices with favourable, etc prospects 有吉利等的希望: The committee began its work under unfavourable auspices. 委员会工作伊始即十分不利./ɔːˈspɪʃəs; ɔ`spɪʃəs/ adj showing signs of future success; favourable; promising 吉利的; 吉祥的; 有前途的: I'm pleased that you've made such an auspicious start to the new term. 你新学期开门红使我很高兴./ˈɒzɪ; `ɔsɪ/ n, adj (infml 口) (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大利亚的（土著或居民）./ɒˈstɪə(r), also ɔːˈstɪə(r); ɔ`stɪr/ adj  1 (of a person or his behaviour) severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts （指人或行为）束身自修的, 苦行的: monks leading simple, austere lives 过着清苦生活的僧侣.  2 (of a building or place) very simple and plain; without ornament or comfort （指建筑物或地方）简朴的, 无装饰的, 简陋的: The room was furnished in austere style. 这间屋子的陈设都很简单朴素.adv./ɒˈsterətɪ, also ɔːˈsterətɪ; ɔ`stɛrətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being austere 简朴; 紧缩: the austerity of the Government's economic measures 政府经济措施方面的紧缩 * War was followed by many years of austerity. 战争结束後还要过多年的紧日子.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition, activity or practice that is part of an austere way of life 节衣缩食; 艰苦朴素: Wartime austerities included food rationing and shortage of fuel. 战时的艰苦包括食物配给和燃料短缺./ɒˈstreɪlɪən, also ɔːˈstreɪlɪən; ɔ`streljən/ n, adj (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大利亚的（土著或居民）.Australian game, similar to Rugby and played by two teams of 18 players 澳大利亚规则（澳大利亚式足球运动, 类似橄榄球, 由两队各18人参赛）.comb form 构词成分 Austrian; of Austria 奥地利的: the Austro-Hungarian empire.comb form 构词成分  1 of oneself 自己的: autobiography * autograph.  2 by oneself or itself; independent(ly) 靠自己的; 由本身的; 独自的（地）: autocracy * automobile./ɔːˈθentɪk; ɔ`θɛntɪk/ adj  1 known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的: an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件, 亲笔签字, 原作绘画.  2 trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的: an authentic statement 可靠的陈述./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ Rractical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的: armchair critics 空谈的批评家 * an armchair traveller, ie sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅行者（只阅读或听说关于旅游的事而不亲身旅行的人） * armchair theatre, eg plays on radio or TV 广播剧（如无线电或电视广播的戏剧）./ˌɔːθenˈtɪsətɪ; ˌɔθən`tɪsətɪ/ n [U] quality of being authentic 真实性; 可靠性; 确实性: The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的./ˈɔːθə(r); `ɔθɚ/  n  1 writer of a book, play, etc （书, 剧本等的）着者, 作家: Dickens is my favourite author. 狄更斯是我最喜爱的作家.  2 person who creates or begins sth, esp a plan or an idea 创造者; 创始者; 发起人: As the author of the scheme I can't really comment. 我作为这一计划的创始人是不便置评的./ˈɔːθərɪs; `ɔθɚɪs/ n woman author 女作家.=> authorization=> authorize/ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteərɪən; ɔˌθɑrə`tɛrɪən/ adj favouring complete obedience to authority (esp that of the State) before personal freedom 权力主义的（主张绝对服从权威, 尤指政权, 高于个人自由）: an authoritarian government, regime, doctrine 权力主义的政府, 政体, 教义等 * The school is run on authoritarian lines. 这所学校走的是权力主义路线.

n person who believes in complete obedience to authority 权力主义者: My father was a strict authoritarian. 我父亲是绝对的权力主义者.n [U]./ɔːˈθɒrətətɪv; <i>US</i> -teɪtɪv; ɔ`θɑrəˌtetɪv/ adj  1 having authority; that can be trusted; reliable 有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的: information from an authoritative source 来自权威方面的消息.  2 given with authority; official 权威的; 官方的; 当局的: authoritative instructions, orders, etc 官方的指示, 命令等.  3 showing or seeming to show authority 显示权力的; 好像显示权威的: an authoritative tone of voice 权威式的口吻. adv./ɔːˈθɒrətɪ; ɔ`θɑrətɪ/ n  1 [U] (a) power to give orders and make others obey 权力; 权威: The leader must be a person of authority. 领袖必须是有权威的人. * She now has authority over the people she used to take orders from. 她现在有权力支配那些一贯向她发号施令的人. * Who is in authority (ie holds the position of command) now? 现在谁掌权? * I am acting under her authority, ie following her orders. 我受她支配. (b) ~ (to do sth) right to act in a specific way 职权; 权限: Only the treasurer has authority to sign cheques. 只有司库有权签署支票. * We have the authority to search this building. 我们有权搜查这座建筑物.  2 [C often pl 常作复数] person or group having the power to give orders or take action 有权力发号施令的人或团体; 当局; 官方: He's in the care of the local authority. 他归地方当局管. * The health authorities are investigating the matter. 卫生当局正调查这件事. * I shall have to report this to the authorities. 我得把这事向当局报告.  3 [C] (a) person with special knowledge 具有专门知识的人; 权威: She's an authority on phonetics. 她是语音学权威. (b) book, etc that can supply reliable information or evidence 可提供可靠资料或证据的书籍等; 权威著作: What is your authority for that statement? 你的说法出处何在? * Always quote your authorities, ie give the names of books, people, etc used as sources for facts. 引用资料一定要注明出处（即注明书名, 人名等, 用作论据的出处）./ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -rɪˈz-;ˌɔθərə`zeʃən/ n  1 [U] action of authorizing 授权; 委任; 委托.  2 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) [U] power given to sb to do sth 授予某人做某事的权力. (b) [C] document, etc giving this 授权书; 委任状; 委托书: May I see your authorization for this? 我可以看看你做这件事的授权书吗?/ˈɔːθəraɪz; `ɔθəˌraɪz/ v  1 [Tn, Dn.t] give authority to (sb) 授权; 委任; 委托: I have authorized him to act for me while I am away. 我已经委托他当我不在的时候代我处理.  2 [Tn] give authority for (sth); sanction 批准; 认可: authorize a payment 批准付款 * Has this visit been authorized? 这次访问获准了吗?n [U]  1 origin of a book, etc （书等的）来源, 出处, 作者: The authorship of this poem is not known. 这首诗出处不详.  2 state of being an author 作家或创始者的身分./ˈɔːtɪzəm; `ɔtɪzəm/ n [U] (psychology 心) serious mental illness, esp of children, in which one becomes unable to communicate or form relationships with others 自向症, 孤独症（严重的精神病, 尤见于儿童, 患者无法与他人交往）./ɔːˈtɪstɪk; ɔ`tɪstɪk/ adj (psychology 心) suffering from autism 患自向症的./ˈɔːtəʊ; `ɔto/ n (pl ~s) (infml 口 esp US) car 汽车./ˌɔːtəʊ səˈdʒestʃən; ˌɔtosə`dʒɛstʃən/ n [U] (psychology 心) process by which a person under hypnosis or subconsciously suggests to himself a way of changing his own behaviour 自我暗示（处于催眠状态中或下意识地暗示自己改变行为）./ˈɔːtəbɑːn; `ɔtəˌbɑn/ n motorway in Germany, Austria or Switzerland （德国, 奥地利或瑞士的）高速公路./ˌɔːtəbaɪəˈgræfɪk; ˌɔtəˌbaɪə`ˇræfɪk/,autobiographical / -Ikl; -Ikl/ adjs of or concerning autobiography 自传的; 有关自传的: His novels are largely autobiographical, ie though fictional they describe many of his own experiences. 他的小说大多是自传式的（即虽属虚构, 但却描述许多亲身经历）./ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒgrəfɪ; ˌɔtəbaɪ`ɑˇrəfɪ/ n  1 [C] story of a person's life written by that person 自传: She has just written her autobiography. 她刚写完自传.  2 [U] this type of writing 自传写作./ɔːˈtɒkrəsɪ; ɔ`tɑkrəsɪ/ n (a) [U] government by one person with unlimited power; despotism 独裁政体; 专制政治. (b) [C] country governed in this way 独裁国家; 专制国家./ˈɔːtəkræt; `ɔtəˌkræt/ n  1 ruler of an autocracy 独裁者; 专制君主.  2 person who gives orders without consulting others and expects to be obeyed at all times 专横霸道的人. /ˌɔːtəˈkrtɪk; ˌɔtə`krætɪk/ adj. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈɔːtəʊkrɒs; `ɔtokrɔs/ n [U] sport of motor-racing across country 汽车越野比赛./ˈɔːtəʊkjuː; `ɔtokju/ n (propr 专利名) device next to the camera from which a person speaking on TV can read the script without having to learn it 自动提示器（电视摄像机旁的一种装置, 电视上的讲话者可从中读出讲稿或台词而不必死记硬背）. Cf 参看 teleprompter./ˈɔːtəgrɑːf; <i>US</i> -græf; `ɔtəˌˇræf/ n person's signature or handwriting, esp when kept as a souvenir 亲笔签名, 手迹（尤指为留作纪念者）: I've got lots of famous footballers' autographs. 我有许多着名足球运动员的亲笔签名. * [attrib 作定语] an autograph book/album 签名簿[册].

v [Tn] write one's name on or in (sth) 在（某物）上签名; 签名于（某物）: an autographed copy 签过名的一份./ˈɔːtəmæt; `ɔtəˌmæt/ n (US) restaurant in which customers get their own food from closed compartments by putting coins in slots to open them 自助餐馆（一种饭馆, 顾客在投币孔中投入硬币便可打开食品分隔柜门而自行取出食品）./ˈɔːtəmeɪt; `ɔtəˌmet/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (sth) to operate by automation 使（某事物）自动操作: This part of the assembly process is now fully automated. 装配过程的这一部分现在是全自动的./ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk; ˌɔtə`mætɪk/ adj  1 (of a machine) working by itself without direct human control; self-regulating （指机器）自动的; 自动调整的: an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣机 * automatic gears, ie in a motor vehicle 自动排挡（机动车辆中的自动变速装置） * an automatic rifle, ie one that continues firing as long as the trigger is pressed 自动步枪（只要一直扣住扳机便可连续射击的步枪）.  2 (of actions) done without thinking, esp from habit or routine; unconscious （指动作）未加思索而做出的（尤指基于习惯或因袭陈规者）; 无意识的: For most of us breathing is automatic. 我们大多数人的呼吸都是无意识的.  3 following necessarily 必然随之而来的: A fine for this offence is automatic. 对于这种过失, 罚款是必然的.

n  1 automatic machine or gun or tool 自动的机器或枪炮或工具.  2 car with automatic transmission 自动汽车（有自动变速器的汽车）.device in an aircraft or a ship to keep it on a set course without human control （飞行器或轮船上的）自动驾驶仪.system in a motor vehicle that changes the gears automatically 自动变速器（机动车辆中的自动换挡系统）./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn; ˌɔtə`meʃən/ n [U] use of automatic equipment and machines to do work previously done by people 自动化（用自动设备和机器做以前需要人来做的工作）: Automation will mean the loss of many jobs in this factory. 自动化将意味着这个工厂要减少许多工作职位./ɔːˈtɒmətən; <i>US</i> -tɒn; ɔ`tɑməˌtɑn/ n (pl ~s or  -ta / -tE; -tE/)  1 = robot 1.  2 (fig 比喻) person who seems to act mechanically and without thinking 看上去动作呆板而又不动脑筋的人. Cf 参看 robot 2./ˈɔːtəməbiːl; also ,ɔːtəməˈbiːl; ˈɔtəməˌbil/ n (esp US) =car1 汽车./ɔːˈtɒnəməs; ɔ`tɑnəməs/ adj self-governing; acting independently 自治的; 自主的; 独立的: an alliance of autonomous states 自治州联盟./ɔːˈtɒnəmɪ; ɔ`tɑnəmɪ/ n [U] self-government; independence 自治; 自主; 独立: Branch managers have full autonomy in their own areas. 分支机构的经理在其管辖范围内有充分的自主权./ˈɔːtɒpsɪ; `ɔtɑpsɪ/ n examination of a dead body to learn the cause of death; post-mortem (为了解死亡原因而做的)尸体剖检; 验尸: [attribute 作定语] an autopsy report 尸检报告 Cf 参看 biopsy./ˈɔːtəʊstrɑːdə; ˌɔto`strɑdə/ n (Italian 意) motorway in Italy （意大利的）高速公路./ˈɔːtəm; `ɔtəm/ (US fall) n [U, C] the third season of the year, coming between summer and winter, ie from September to November in the northern hemisphere 秋, 秋天, 秋季（一年的第三季, 在北半球为从九月至十一月）: The leaves turn brown in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄. * in the autumn of 1980  在1980年的秋天 * in (the) early/late autumn 在初[晚]秋 * It's been one of the coldest autumns for years. 这是多年来最冷的秋天. * [attrib 作定语] autumn colours, weather, fashions 秋季的色彩, 天气, 流行式样 * (fig 比喻) in the autumn of (ie the later part of) one's life 在暮年（晚年）./ɔːˈtʌmnəl; ɔ`tʌmnl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] of or like autumn 秋天; 像秋天: The weather in June was positively autumnal. 那六月的天气真像秋天似的./ɔːgˈzɪlɪərɪ; ɔˇ`zɪlərɪ/ adj giving help or support; additional 帮助的; 辅助的; 附加的; 副的: auxiliary troops 辅助部队 * an auxiliary nurse 助理护士 * an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts 万一断电时使用的备用发电机.

n  1 [C] person or thing that helps 辅助的人或事物; 辅助者: medical auxiliaries 医疗辅助人员[设备].  2 auxiliaries [pl] additional (esp foreign or allied) troops used by a country at war （尤指战时外国或同盟国的）援军.  3 [C] (also au,xiliary `verb) verb used with main verbs to show tense, mood, etc, and to form questions, eg do and has in Do you know where he has gone? 助动词（与主要动词连用表示时态, 语气等, 也用以构成问句, 如在Do you know where he has gone?句中的do和has）./ˌeɪ ˈviː; ˌe`vi/ abbr 缩写 =  1 audio-visual.  2 Authorized Version (of the Bible)./əˈveɪl; ə`vel/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml 文) make use of sth; take advantage of sth 使用某事物; 利用某事物: You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切机会说英语.  2 [I, Ipr] (dated 旧) be of value or help 有价值; 有帮助; 有用: What can avail against the storm? 用什么来抵挡风暴?  3 (idm 习语) a,vail sb `nothing (dated 旧) be of no use to sb 对某人无用.

n (idm 习语) of little/no a`vail not very/not at all helpful or effective 没有多大[一点儿]帮助, 用处或效果: The advice we got was of no avail. 我们得到的建议完全没用. to little/no a`vail; without a`vail with little/no success 没有什么成果[没有成果]: The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but to no avail. 医生们曾竭尽全力抢救他的生命, 但却徒劳无功./əˌveɪləˈbɪlətɪ; əˌvelə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./əˈveɪləbl; ə`veləbl/ adj  1 (of things) that can be used or obtained （指物）可用的或可得到的: Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票. * You will be informed when the book becomes available. 这本书有货时就通知你. * This was the only available room. 只剩下那个房间可用了.  2 (of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc （指人）可会见的, 可与之交谈的等: I'm available in the afternoon. 我下午有空. * The Prime Minister was not available for comment. 首相无暇作出评论. /ˈævəlɑːnʃ; <i>US</i> -læntʃ; `ævlˌæntʃ/ n mass of snow, ice and rock that slides rapidly down the side of a mountain 雪崩; 山崩: Yesterday's avalanche killed a party of skiers and destroyed several trees. 昨天的雪崩造成一批滑雪者死亡, 并毁坏了一些树木. * (fig 比喻) We received an avalanche of letters in reply to our advertisement. 广告登出後, 我们收到雪片般涌来的大批信件./ˌævɒŋ ˈgɑːd; ˌævɑn`ˇɑrd/ adj favouring new and progressive ideas, esp in art and literature 先锋的, 先驱的（尤指在文学艺术方面）: avant-garde writers, artists, etc 先锋作家, 艺术家等 * the avant-garde movement 先驱运动.

n [CGp] group of people introducing such ideas 先锋派: a member of the avant-garde 先锋派成员./ˈævərɪs; `ævərɪs/ n [U] (fml 文) greed for wealth or gain 贪婪; 贪心: Avarice makes rich people want to become even richer. 贪婪使富人想要更富. /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs; ˌævə`rɪʃəs/ adj. adv.abbr 缩写 = avoirdupois.abbr 缩写 = Avenue: 5 St George's Ave 圣乔治大街5号./əˈvendʒ; ə`vɛndʒ/ v  1 [Tn] take or get revenge for (a wrong done to sb/oneself) 为（某人[自己]的冤屈）报仇, 伸冤, 雪耻: She avenged her father's murder. 她为其父被谋杀而复了仇.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself on sb/sth take or get revenge on sb/sth for such a wrong 向某人[某事物]报仇, 报复: She avenged herself on her father's killers. 她向杀父之人报了仇. n./ˈævənjuː; <i>US</i> -nuː; `ævəˌnu/ n  1 wide road or path, often lined with trees, esp one that leads to a large house （常为两旁有树的）大道, 林荫道（尤指通往一宅门者）.  2 (abbr 缩写 Ave) wide street lined with trees or tall buildings （两旁有树木或高楼的）大街. =>Usage at road 用法见road.  3 way of approaching or making progress towards sth 途径; 手段: an avenue to success, fame, etc 成功, 成名等之路 * Several avenues are open to us. 我们面前有几条可行之路. * We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径./əˈvɜː(r); ə`vɝ/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) firmly and positively; assert 断言; 主张; 坚称./ˈævərɪdʒ; `ævərɪdʒ/ n  1 [C] result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts 平均; 平均数: The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.  4  5  9三个数的平均数是6.  2 [U] standard or level regarded as usual 一般水平; 平均水准: These marks are well above/below average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上[以下].  3 (idm 习语) the law of averages => law. on (the) `average taking account of use, performance, etc over a period 按平均数计算: We fail one student per year on average. 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格.

adj  1 [attrib 作定语] found by calculating the average 平均的: The average age of the students is 19. 学生的平均年龄是19岁. * The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18C. 牛津上月的平均气温是18C.  2 of the ordinary or usual standard 一般标准的; 普通的; 平常的: children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童 * Rainfall is about average for the time of year. 对一年中的这个时候来说, 降雨量还算普通.

v  1 [I, Tn] find the average of (sth) 求（某事物）的平均数; 平均: I've done some averaging to reach these figures. 我平均以後得出这些数.  2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] do or amount to (sth) as an average measure or rate 平均值为; 平均为: This car averages 40 miles to the gallon. 这辆汽车平均每加仑可行40英里. * The rainfall averages 36 inches a year. 年降雨量平均为36英寸.  3 (phr v) average `out (at sth) result in an average (of sth) 达到（某事物的）平均数; 以（某事物）的平均数为结果: Meals average out at 5 per head. 膳食平均每人5英镑. * Sometimes I pay, sometimes he pays  it seems to average out (ie result in a fair balance) in the end. 有时我付钱, 有时他付钱--到头来似乎两相抵销. average sth out (at sth) calculate the average of sth 算出某事物的平均数: The tax authorities averaged his profit out at 3000 a year over 5 years. 税务局算出他5年的平均利润为每年3000英镑./əˈvɜːs; ə`vɝs/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml or rhet 文或修辞) not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物; 反对某事物: He seems to be averse to hard work. 看来他不愿做艰苦的工作. * I'm not averse to a drop of whisky after dinner. 我倒不反对饭後喝点儿威士忌./əˈvɜːʃn; <i>US</i> əˈvɜːrʒn; ə`vɝʒən/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) strong dislike 厌恶; 嫌恶: I've always had an aversion to getting up early. 我从来就厌恶早起. * He took an immediate aversion to his new boss. 他对新老板一见就反感.  2 [C] thing that is disliked 讨厌的事物: Smoking is one of my pet (ie particular, personal) aversions. 吸烟是我特别讨厌的事./əˈvɜːt; ə`vɝt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) turn sth away 将（某事物）移开: avert one's eyes/gaze/glance from the terrible sight 转移目光, 不看那可怕的情景.  2 [Tn] prevent (sth); avoid 防止（某事物）; 避免: avert an accident, a crisis, a disaster, etc by prompt action 迅速采取行动以避免事故, 危险, 灾祸等 * He managed to avert suspicion. 他设法避嫌./ˈeɪvɪərɪ; <i>US</i> -vɪerɪ; `evɪˌɛrɪ/ n large cage or building for keeping birds in, eg in a zoo 大鸟笼, 鸟舍（如动物园中者）./ˌeɪvɪˈəɪʃn; ˌevɪ`eʃən/ n [U] 1 science or practice of flying aircraft 航空学; 航空. 2 design and manufacture of aircraft 飞行器的设计与制造: [attrib 作定语] the aviation business/industry 飞机制造业./ˈeɪvɪeɪtə(r); `evɪˌetɚ/ n (dated 旧) person who flies an aircraft as the pilot or one of the crew 飞行器驾驶员; 空勤人员./ˈævɪd; `ævɪd/ adj ~ (for sth) eager; greedy 渴望的; 贪婪的: an avid collector of old coins 对旧钱币求之若渴的收藏家 * avid for news of her son 渴望得到她儿子的消息./əˈvɪdətɪ; ə`vɪdətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) eagerness 热望; 贪婪.adv: She reads avidly. 她如饥似渴地读书./ˌeɪvɪˈɒnɪks; ˌevi`ɑnɪks/ n [sing v] science of electronics applied to aviation 航空电子学./ˌævəˈkɑːdəʊ; ˌævə`kɑdo/ n (pl ~s) pear-shaped tropical fruit 梨（一种梨形的热带水果, 又名油梨）./əˈvɔɪd; ə`vɔɪd/ v  1 [Tn, Tg] (a) keep oneself away from (sb/sth) 避开, 躲避（某人[某事物]）: avoid (driving in) the centre of town 避开市中心（行驶） * I think he's avoiding me. 我觉得他躲着我. (b) stop (sth) happening; prevent 防止发生（某事物）; 预防: Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止发生事故. * I just avoided running over the cat. 我差一点儿轧着猫.  2 (idm 习语) avoid sb/sth like the `plague (infml 口) try very hard not to meet sb/sth 极力回避, 尽量躲开某人[某事物]: He's been avoiding me like the plague since our quarrel. 我们吵架以後, 他一直如避蛇蝎似的躲着我.adj that can be avoided 可避免的.n [U] act of avoiding 回避; 躲避: tax avoidance, ie managing to pay the minimum amount of tax required by law 逃税./ˌævədəˈpɔɪz; ˌævɚdə`pɔɪz/ n [U] (abbr 缩写 avdp) non-metric system of weights based on the pound, equal to 16 ounces or 7000 grains 常衡（非公制的衡制, 基于1磅等于16盎司或7000谷）. =>App 5 见附录5./əˈvaʊ; ə`vaᴜ/ v [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.t] (fml 文) declare (sth) openly; admit 公开宣称（某事物）; 承认: avow one's belief, faith, conviction, etc 公开表示相信, 信仰, 服理等 * avow oneself (to be) a socialist 公开宣布自己是社会主义者 * The avowed aim of this Government is to reduce taxation. 这届政府所宣称的目标是减少税收.n (fml 文) (a) [U] open declaration 公开宣称; 公开表示. (b) [C] instance of this 公开宣称; 公开表示: make an avowal of his love 公开表示他的爱情./əˈvaʊɪdlɪ; ə`vaᴜɪdlɪ/ adv (fml 文) admittedly; openly 公开承认地; 公开地: avowedly responsible for an error 公开承认错误./əˈvʌŋkjʊlə(r); ə`vʌŋkjəlɚ/ adj (fml 文) of or like an uncle, esp in manner 叔伯的, 像叔伯的（尤指举止态度）: He adopts an avuncular tone of voice when giving advice to junior colleagues. 他用长辈的口气劝告年轻的同事./ˈeɪwæks; `ewæks/ abbr 缩写 = airborne warning and control system 机载警报和控制系统: planes fitted with AWACS 装有机载警报和控制系统的飞机./əˈweɪt; ə`wet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 (of a person) wait for (sb/sth) （指人）等候, 等待（某人[某事物]）: awaiting instructions, results, a reply 等候指示, 结果, 答覆.  2 be ready or waiting for (sb/sth) 准备以待, 期待（某人[某事物]）: A warm welcome awaits all our customers. 对我们所有的顾客准备好了热烈的欢迎. * A surprise awaited us on our arrival. 我们到达的时候, 等待着我们的是一件出乎意料的事./əˈweɪk; ə`wek/ v (pt awoke / E5wEUk; E`wok/, pp awoken / E5wEUkEn; E`wokEn/) [I, Tn]  1 (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; wake （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒: She awoke when the nurse entered the room. 护士进屋的时候, 她就醒了. * He awoke the sleeping child. 他把那个睡着的孩子弄醒了.  2 (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become active （使某事物）活动; 引起; 激起: The letter awoke old fears. 那封信又勾起了往日的恐惧.  3 (phr v) awake to sth become aware of sth; realize sth 对某事物觉醒, 觉悟, 醒悟; 觉察到, 领悟到, 意识到某事物: awake to the dangers, the opportunities, one's surroundings 觉察到有危险, 有机会, 意识到自己所处的环境.

/əˈweɪk; ə`wek/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 not asleep, esp immediately before and after sleeping 醒着（尤指刚要睡觉和刚睡完觉）: They aren't awake yet. 他们还没醒呢. * Are the children still awake? 孩子们还没睡着吗? * They're wide (ie fully) awake. 他们精神着呢（毫无睡意）.  2 ~ to sth conscious or aware of sth 对某事物觉察到的, 意识到的, 警觉的: Are you fully awake to the danger you're in? 你充分意识到自己所处的危险了吗?/əˈweɪkən; ə`wekən/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; waken （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒; 醒来; 醒着: We awakened to find the others had gone. 我们醒来发觉其他人已经走了. * I was awakened by the sound of church bells. 我被教堂的钟声吵醒. * (fig 比喻) They were making enough noise to awaken the dead. 他们发出的声音大得能把死人吵醒.  2 [Tn] cause (sth) to become active 使（某事物）活动, 活跃; 引起; 激起: Her story awakened our interest. 她说的事引起了我们的兴趣.  3 (phr v) awaken sb to sth cause sb to become aware of sth 使某人意识到某事; 唤醒某人警惕某事: awaken society to the dangers of drugs 唤醒社会警惕毒品的危害./əˈweɪknɪŋ; ə`wekənɪŋ/ n [sing] act of realizing 觉醒; 醒悟: The discovery that her husband was unfaithful to her was a rude (ie shocking) awakening. 她发觉丈夫对自己不忠而猛醒./əˈwɔːd; ə`wɔrd/ v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishment 颁发; 授予; 给与; 判定: The judges awarded both finalists equal points. 裁判员判定决赛双方分数相同. * The court awarded (him) damages of 50000. 法庭判给（他）50000英镑损害赔偿费. * She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而获得奖章.

n  1 [U] decision to give sth, made by a judge, etc 裁定; 决定: the award of a scholarship 奖学金颁发决定.  2 [C] thing or amount awarded 奖品; 奖状; 奖金: She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖. * [attrib 作定语] an award presentation/ceremony 奖品的颁发[颁奖仪式].  3 [C] (Brit) money paid to a student at university, etc to help meet living costs; grant 助学金: Mary is not eligible for an award. 玛丽没有申请助学金的资格./əˈweə(r); ə`wɛr/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth; ~ that... having knowledge or realization of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]知道, 明白, 觉察到, 意识到: aware of the risk, danger, threat, etc 觉察到风险, 危险, 威胁等 * Are you aware of the time? 你知道是什么时候了吗? * It happened without my being aware of it. 事情在我不知不觉中发生了. * I'm (well) aware that very few jobs are available. 我（很）清楚工作职位非常少. * She became aware that something was burning. 她发觉有东西烧着了. * I don't think you're aware (of) how much this means to me. 我想你还不知道这对我多么重要.  2 well-informed; interested, esp in current events 见闻广博的, 感兴趣的（尤指对时事）: She's always been a politically aware person. 她一直非常关心政治. n [U]./əˈwɒʃ; ə`wɑʃ/ adj [pred 作表语] covered or flooded with sea water, being at or near the level of the waves （因与海浪高度相当而）被海水漫过的或淹没: These rocks are awash at high tide. 这些礁石在涨潮时被海水淹没. * The ship's deck was awash in the storm. 在暴风中轮船的甲板被海水漫过. * (fig 比喻) The sink had overflowed and the kitchen floor was awash. 洗涤槽的水溢出来了, 厨房里满地都是水./əˈweɪ; ə`we/ adv part (For special uses with vs, see the v entries. 与动词搭配的特殊用法见有关动词词条.)  1 ~ (from sb/sth) to or at a distance in space or time (from sb/sth) （在空间或时间上）向或在离（某人[某事物]）某距离处: The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel. 大海距旅馆2英里. * The shops are a few minutes' walk away. 商店离此有几分钟的步行路程. * Christmas is only a week away. 圣诞节只有一个星期就到了. * They're away on holiday for 2 weeks. 他们外出度假两星期. * Don't go away. 不要走开. * Have you cleared away your books from the table? 你把你的书都从桌上拿开了吗? * The bright light made her look away. 这光太强/ɔː; ɔ/ n [U] feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder 敬畏; 惊惧: Her first view of the pyramids filled her with awe. 她初见金字塔时, 敬畏之感油然而生. * I was/lived in awe of my father until I was at least fifteen. 我至少在十五岁以前一直惧怕父亲. * My brother was much older and cleverer than me so I always held him in awe. 我哥哥比我大得多也比我聪明得多, 所以我始终对他怀有敬畏之心.

v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) fill sb with awe 使某人敬畏或惊惧: awed by the solemnity of the occasion 那场合严肃得怕人 * They were awed into silence by the sternness of her voice. 她严厉的声音把他们吓得鸦雀无声了.adj causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: an awe-inspiring sight 使人望而生畏的情景./əˈweɪ; ə`we/ adv (nautical 海) (of an anchor) hanging just above the bottom of the sea （指锚）在刚离海底处悬着: Anchors aweigh! 起锚喽!/-səm; -səm/ adj causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: His strength was awesome. 他的力量大得怕人.adjs suddenly filled with awe 顿生敬畏的; 惊惧的.=> awestricken/ˈɔːfl; `ɔfl/ adj  1 extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible 极坏的; 极讨厌的; 可怕的: an awful accident, experience, shock, etc 可怕的事故, 经历, 打击等 * The plight of starving people is too awful to think about. 饥民的苦境糟得不敢去想.  2 (infml 口) very bad; dreadful 很坏的; 糟透的: What awful weather! 多么坏的天气! * I feel awful. 我觉得难受极了. * It's an awful nuisance? 讨厌透了! * The film was awful. 那个电影糟透了.  3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great 极度的: That's an awful lot of money. 那是很多很多钱哪. * I'm in an awful hurry to get to the bank. 我正急着去银行./ˈɔːflɪ; `ɔflɪ/ adv (infml 口) very; very much 很; 非常: awfully hot 热极了 * awfully sorry 非常抱歉 * It's awfully kind of you. 多谢, 多谢. * I'm afraid I'm awfully late. 我实在太迟了. * Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼./əˈwaɪl; <i>US</i> əˈhwaɪl; ə`hwaɪl/ adv for a short time 一会儿; 片刻; 暂时: Stay awhile. 呆一会儿. * We won't be leaving yet awhile, ie not for a short time. 我们暂时还不走./ˈɔːkwəd; `ɔkwɚd/ adj  1 badly designed; difficult to use 设计不当的; 使用不便的; 别扭的: The handle of this teapot has an awkward shape. 这茶壶把儿的形状真别扭. * It's an awkward door  you have to bend down to go through it. 这扇门很不方便--得弯着腰才能过去.  2 causing difficulty, embarrassment or inconvenience 造成困难, 尴尬或不便的: an awkward series of bends in the road 路上一连串难走的弯 * You've put me in a very awkward position. 你把我弄得很狼狈. * Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 请把下次会议时间安排得方便些. * It's very awkward of you not to play for the team tomorrow. 你明天不为本队参加比赛可太不像话了. * Stop being so awkward! 别这么别别扭扭的!  3 lacking skill or grace; clumsy 无技巧的; 不熟练的; 不灵活的; 笨拙的: Swans are surprisingly awkward on land. 天鹅在陆地上笨得出奇. * I was always an awkward dancer. 我跳舞一向是笨手笨脚的.  4 embarrassed 尴尬的; 难为情的; 不好意思的; 狼狈的: I realized they wanted to be alone together so I felt very awkward. 我意识到了他们想要单独在一起, 所以觉得很尴尬.  5 (idm 习语) the `awkward age period of adolescence when young people lack confidence and have difficulty preparing for adult life 尴尬年龄（青春期的一段时期, 青少年在此期间缺乏自信心, 难以适应成人生活）. an ,awkward `customer person or animal that is difficult or dangerous to deal with 难对付的家伙（难以应付的或危险的人或动物）. adv. n [U]./ɔːl; ɔl/ n small pointed tool for making holes, esp in leather or wood 锥子./ˈɔːnɪŋ; `ɔnɪŋ/ n canvas or plastic sheet fixed to a wall above a door or window and stretched out as a protection against rain or sun 遮篷（固定于外墙门窗上方向外伸延的帆布或塑料篷, 作防雨或遮阳用）.pt of awake./ˈeɪwɒl; `ewɔl/ abbr 缩写 = absent without leave 擅离职守; 开小差./əˈraɪ; ə`raɪ/ adv  1 crookedly; out of position; askew 曲; 歪; 斜.  2 wrongly; amiss 出错; 失误: Our plans went awry. 我们的计划出岔子了.

adj [pred 作表语] crooked 扭曲; 歪; 斜: Her clothes were all awry. 她的衣服全都歪歪扭扭的.(also esp US ax) / Aks; Aks/ n  1 tool with a handle and a heavy metal blade used for chopping wood, cutting down trees, etc 斧; 斧子: (fig 比喻) apply the axe to (ie drastically reduce) local government spending 大刀阔斧削减地方政府的开支. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) get the `axe (infml 口) be removed or dismissed, esp from a job 被解雇; 被开除: A lot of people in shipbuilding will get the axe. 造船业的很多人将被解雇. ,have an `axe to grind have private reasons for being involved in sth 有私心; 有个人打算; 另有企图: She's only doing it out of kindness  she's got no particular axe to grind. 她只是出于好心--倒不是别有用心.v [Tn]  1 remove (sb/sth) or dismiss (sb) 削除（某人[某事物]）; 解雇; 开除（某人）: He/His job has been axed. 他[他的工作]已经裁减掉了.  2 greatly reduce (costs, services, etc) 大刀阔斧地削减（成本）, 精简（机构等）: School grants are to be axed next year. 学校补助金明年将大大削减./ˈæksɪəm; `æksɪəm/ n statement that is accepted as true without further proof or argument 公理./ˌæksɪəˈmtɪk; ˌæksɪə`mætɪk/ adj of or like an axiom; clear and evident without needing to be proved 公理的; 像公理的; 无需证明就清楚明白的: It is axiomatic (to say) that a whole is greater than any of its parts. 整体大于其任何一部分是公理./ˈæksɪs; `æksɪs/ n (pl axes / 5Aksi:z `Aksiz/)  1 [C] imaginary line through the centre of a rotating object 轴（穿过旋转物体中心的假想的线）: The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles. 地轴是南北极之间的线. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图.  2 [C] line that divides a regular figure into two symmetrical parts 轴线（将一匀称的图形分成两个对称部分的线）: The axis of a circle is its diameter. 圆的轴线是其直径.  3 [C] fixed reference line for measurement, eg on a graph （为量度用的）固定参照线: the horizontal and vertical axes 横竖坐标轴.  4 [C] agreement or alliance between two or more countries 轴心（国与国之间的协定或联盟）.  5 the Axis [sing] the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan in World War II 轴心国（第二次世界大战中德, 意, 日三国的联盟）./ˈæksl; `æksl/ n  1 rod on which or with which a wheel turns 轮轴.  2 rod that connects a pair of wheels on a vehicle 车轴: The back axle is broken. 後车轴断了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii./ˌaɪəˈtɒlə; ˌaɪə`tɑlə/ n senior Muslim religious leader in Iran 伊朗穆斯林宗教领袖./aɪ; aɪ/ interj (arch or dialect 古或方) yes 是; 对: ,Aye, `aye, sir! eg in reply to an order by a naval officer 是, 长官! （如回答海军军官的命令）.

n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) vote in support of a motion at a meeting （会议中支持某动议的）赞成票.  2 (idm 习语) the ayes `have it more people have voted for the motion than against it 赞成者占多数./əˈzeɪlɪə; ə`zeljə/ n flowering shrub of the rhododendron family 杜鹃花./ˈæzɪməθ; `æzəməθ/ n  1 (astronomy 天) arc of the sky from the zenith to the horizon 地平经度（从天顶到地平圈在天空的弧度）.  2 (in surveying) angle between this arc and the meridian （测量中）方位角（此弧与子午圈之间的夹角）./ˈæʒə(r), also ˈæzjʊə(r); `æʒɚ/  n [U], adj bright blue, as of the sky 天蓝色（的）; 浅蓝色（的）; 蔚蓝色（的）: a lake reflecting the azure of the sky 反射着蔚蓝色天空的湖面 * a dress of azure silk 天蓝色的丝绸连衣裙. /biː; bi/ n (pl B's, b's/ bi:z; biz/)  1 the second letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二个字母: There are three b's in bubble. 在bubble这个字中有三个b.2 (music 音) the seventh note in the scale of C majorC大调音阶中的第七音或音符.  3 academic mark of second highest standard 学业成绩达次高标准的评价符号: get (a) B/`B' in English 英语（学科）得B.

/biː; bi/ abbr 缩写 = (of lead used in pencils) black,because soft （指铅笔心）黑色色重的（因质软之故）: a B/BB/2B pencil 一个B[两个B/2B] 的铅笔. Cf 参看 H, HB.

/biː; bi/ symb 符号 (Brit) (of roads) secondary （指公路）B级: the B1224 to York 通往约克郡的B级1224号公路 * a `B-road 一条B级公路. Cf 参看 A.=> B

abbr 缩写 = born: Emily Jane Clifton b 1800. 埃米莉·简·克利夫顿, 生于1800年. Cf 参看 d 2.(also b and b) / 9bi: En 5bi:; 9bi En `bi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit infml 口) bed and breakfast./ˌbiː ən ˈbiː; ˌbi ən `bi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit infml 口) bed and breakfast./ˌbiː ˈed; ˌbi `ɛd/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Education 教育学士: have/be a B Ed 有教育学士学位[为教育学士] * Dilip Patel B Ed 迪利普·帕特尔教育学士./ˌbiːˈendʒ; ˌbi`ɛndʒ/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Engineering 工学士: have/be a B Eng 有工学士学位[为工学士] * Greg James B Eng 工学士格雷格·詹姆斯./ˌbiː ˈlɪt; ˌbi `lɪt/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Letters 文学士: have/be a B Litt in English 有英国文学士学位[为英国文学士] * Sue Hill B Litt 休·希尔文学士./ˌbiː ˈmʌs; ˌbi `mʌs/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Music 音乐学士: have/be a B Mus 有音乐学士学位[为音乐学士] * John Scott B Mus 约翰·斯科特音乐学士./ˌbiː ˈfɪl; ˌbi `fɪl/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Philosophy 哲学学士: have/be a B Phil 有哲学学士学位[为哲学学士] * Jill Green B Phil 哲学学士吉尔·格林.n (in Britain) less important road than a motorway or an A-road, often narrow and winding （英国）B级公路（重要性次于高速公路或A级公路, 常较狭窄而曲折）./ˌbiː ˈeɪ; ˌbi `e/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (US AB) Bachelor of Arts 文学士: have/be a BA in history 有历史学学士学位[为历史学学士] * Jim Fox BA (Hons) 吉姆·福克斯（荣誉）文学士.  2 British Airways 英国航空公司: flight BA430 to Rome 乘英航430号班机飞往罗马./bɑː; bɑ/ n cry of a sheep or lamb 咩（羊叫声）.

v (pres p baaing, pt baaed or  baa'd/ bB:d; bBd/) [I] make this cry; bleat 发咩声; （羊或小牛）叫./ˈbæbl; `bæbl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) talk in a way that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清地说; 作咿呀声: Stop babbling and speak more slowly. 别老是咿咿呀呀的, 说慢点儿. * tourists babbling (away) in a foreign language 叽哩咕噜地说着外国话的游客. (b) chatter in a thoughtless or confused way 唠唠叨叨; 喋喋不休; 信口胡说; 胡言乱语: What is he babbling (on) about? 他在唠叨什么?  2 [I] (of streams, etc) make a continuous murmuring sound （指流水等）作潺潺声: a babbling brook 潺潺的小溪.

n [U]  1 (a) talk that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清的话: hear the babble of many voices 听见许多人在唧唧喳喳地说话. (b) foolish talk 蠢话; 胡话.  2 gentle sound of water flowing over stones, etc （流水经过石子等的）潺潺声./ˈbæblə(r); `bæblɚ/ n person who babbles 说话含糊不清的人; 唠唠叨叨的人./beɪb; beb/ n  1 (arch 古) baby 婴儿.  2 (US sl 俚) young woman 姑娘; 少女; 妞儿.  3 (idm 习语) a ,babe in `arms (a) very young baby not able to walk or crawl 襁褓中的婴儿. (b) innocent or helpless person 单纯的或不能自助的人. out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1./ˈbeɪbl; `bebl/ n [sing] scene of noisy talking and confusion 人声嘈杂、乱糟糟的场面: a babel of voices in the busy market 繁忙的市场上嘈杂的声音./bəˈbuːn; <i>US</i> bæ-; bæ`bun/ n large African or Arabian monkey with a dog-like face 狒狒. =>illus at monkey 见monkey之插图./ˈbeɪbɪ; `bebɪ/ n  1 (a) very young child or animal 婴儿; 幼小的动物: Both mother and baby are doing well. 母子均平安. * [attrib 作定语] a ,baby `boy/`girl 男婴[女婴] * a baby thrush, monkey, crocodile 幼小的鸫、猴子、　鱼. (b) (infml 口) youngest member of a family or group 家庭或团体中最年幼的成员: He's the baby of the team. 他在队里最年轻. (c) childish or timid person 孩子气的人; 胆怯的人: Stop crying and don't be such a baby. 别哭了, 不要这样孩子气.  2 (a) (sl 俚 esp US) young woman, esp a man's girl-friend 姑娘; （尤指男子的）女友. (b) (US sl 俚) person 人.  3 [attrib 作定语] very small of its kind 小型的: a baby car 小型汽车.  4 (idm 习语) be ,one's `baby (infml 口) be sth that one has created or has in one's care 由某人造成的事物; 归某人管的事物: It's your baby, ie You must deal with it.这是你干的（应由你来处理）. leave sb holding the baby => leave1. smooth as a baby's bottom => smooth1. start a baby => start2. throw the baby out with the bath water foolishly discard a valuable idea, plan, etc at the same time as one is getting rid of sth unpleasant or undesirable 把婴儿和洗澡水一齐倒掉（在把不想要或不需要的东西扔掉的同时, 也愚蠢地抛弃了有价值的意见、计划等）; 在去其糟粕的同时, 也丢掉了精华.

v (pt, pp babied) [Tn] treat (sb) like a baby; pamper 把（某人）当成小孩; 纵容: Don't baby him. 不要纵容他.(US) = pram.small grand piano 小型三角钢琴.(esp US) = milk tooth (milk).adj having a smooth round babyish face 娃娃脸的.n person paid to look after a baby for long periods (eg while the parents are working) 受雇长期照看婴儿者（如婴儿父母上班时）; 保姆.v (-tt-; pt -sat)[I] be a baby-sitter 代人临时照看婴儿: She regularly baby-sits for us. 她定期前来为我们照看婴儿. n (infml 口) (also sitter) person who looks after a child for a short time while the parents are out 小孩父母外出时临时照看孩子的人; 临时保姆. n [U].n woman who steals a baby, esp from its pram 窃婴女人（尤指自婴儿车内偷窃的）.n unnatural or simplified language used by or to babies before they can speak properly 儿语（婴儿牙牙学语阶段所用或对其使用的一种不合规则的或简单语言）.n [sing] (a) state of being a baby 婴儿期. (b) time when one is a baby 婴儿时代.adj of, like or suitable for a baby 婴儿的; 婴儿般的; 适于婴儿的: Now that Ned can read he finds his early picture books too babyish. 由于内德已经识字, 他觉得他以前的那些画册都太浅了./ˌbækəˈlɔːrɪət; ˌbækə`lɔrɪɪt/ n last secondary school examination in France and in many international schools （法国和许多国际学校的）中学毕业考试: sit, take, pass, fail, etc one's baccalaureate 参加、接受、通过、未通过...中学毕业考试./ˈbækərɑː; ˌbækə`rɑ/ n [U] card-game played by gamblers 巴卡拉纸牌戏（赌博者玩的）./ˈbækənl; `bækənl/ n (pl ~s or  ~ia/ 9bAk-E5neIlIE; 9bAkE`nelIE/) (dated or fml 旧或文) bout of noisy, drunken merrymaking 狂饮作乐. > bacchana-lian/ 9bAkE5neIlIEn; 9bAkE`nelIEn/ adj: bacchanalian revels 狂欢作乐的饮宴./ˈbækɪ; `bækɪ/ n [U] (Brit infml 口) tobacco 烟草./ˈbætʃələ(r); `bætʃəlɚ/ n  1 (a) unmarried man 未婚男子; 单身汉: He remained a bachelor all his life. 他终生未娶. * a confirmed bachelor, ie one who has decided never to marry 抱独身主义的男子（决心终身不娶的人） * [attrib 作定语] a bachelor girl, ie an unmarried woman who lives independently 独立生活的未婚女子. Cf 参看 spinster. (b) [attrib 作定语] of or suitable for an unmarried person 单身者的; 适宜于单身者的: a bachelor flat 单身公寓.  2 person who holds a first university degree 获学士学位的人: a bachelor's degree 学士学位 * Bachelor of Arts/Science 文[理]学士./bəˈsɪləs; bə`sɪləs/ n (pl -cilli/ bE5sIlaI; bE`sIlaI/) rod-like bacterium, esp one of the types that cause disease 杆菌（尤指病菌）./bæk; bæk/ n  1 part or surface of an object that is furthest from the front; part that is less used, less visible or less important 後部; 後面; 背面; 反面: If you use mirrors you can see the back of your head. 使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的後部. * The index is at the back (of the book). 索引在（书的）末尾. * The child sat in the back (of the car) behind the driver. 那孩子坐在（汽车的） 後部, 司机身後的位置上. * I was at the back (of the cinema) and couldn't see well. 我坐在（电影院的）後排, 所以看不好. * Write your address on the back (of the cheque). 把你的地址写在（支票的）背面. * a room at the back of the house 房屋内靠後面的一个房间 * a house with a garden at the back 有後花园的房屋 * You can't cut with the back of the knife. 用刀背就无法切割. * the back of one's hand, ie the side with the nails and the knuckles 手背. Cf 参看 front 1.  2 (a) rear part of the human body from the neck to the buttocks; spine 人体的背部; 脊椎骨: He lay on his back and looked up at the sky. 他仰卧着观>看天空. * She broke her back in a climbing accident. 她在一次攀登事故中折断了脊梁骨. (b) part of an animal's body that corresponds to this 动物的脊背: Fasten the saddle on the horse's back. 把鞍子系在马背上. =>illus at horse 见horse之插图.  3 part of a garment covering the back 後襟.  4 part of a chair against which a seated person's back rests 椅子的靠背; 椅背. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  5 (in football, etc) defensive player whose position is near the goal （足球等）後卫.  6 (idm 习语) at the back of one's mind in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern 在内心中（但并非急事或要事）: At the back of his mind was the vague idea that he had met her before. 他隐隐约约地觉得以前曾经见过她. the ,back of bey`ond an isolated place, far from a centre of social and cultural activity 与外界隔绝的地方; 远离闹市的地方: They live somewhere at the back of beyond. 他们住的地方远离闹市. ,back to `back with back against back 背靠背: Stand back to back and let's see who's taller. 背靠背站好, 看看谁的个子高. ,

/bæk; bæk/ adj (esp attrib and in compounds; no comparative or superlative 尤用于定语及复合词中; 无比较级或最高级)  1 situated behind 位置在後的: a back garden 後花园 * the back door 後门 * back teeth 槽牙 * `back streets, ie usu narrow streets in a poor part of a town 後街（通常指城镇贫民区中狭窄的街道）.  2 (a) of or for a past time 以前的; 过去的: back issues of a magazine 过期的杂志. (b) owed for a time in the past; overdue 拖欠的; 逾期的: back pay/taxes/rent 积欠的工资[税款/租金].  3 (phonetics 语音) (of a vowel) formed at the back of the mouth （指元音）後元音的.  4 (idm 习语) put sth on the back burner (infml 口) put work, etc aside to be dealt with later 将工作等暂时搁置留待以後处理. by/through the back door in an unfair illegal way 走後门（采取不正当不合法的手段）: He used his influential friends to help him get into the civil service by the back door. 他利用那些有权有势的朋友帮助他走後门, 到政府行政部门任职.

/bæk; bæk/ adv part  1 (a) towards or at the rear; away from the front or centre 往後; 在後; 在背面: Stand back to allow the procession to pass. 往後站, 让队伍通过. * Sit well back in your chair. 靠着椅背坐好. * You've combed your hair back. 你已把头发梳到後面. * The house stands back (ie at some distance) from the road. 那房屋离>公路有一段距离. * We passed a garage, about a mile back. 我们经过了一个汽车服务站, 大约有一英里远了. Cf 参看 forward1 1. (b) under control 控制住; 忍住: He could no longer hold back his tears. 他再也忍不住自己的眼泪. * The barriers failed to hold/keep the crowds back. 那些障碍物未能拦住群众.  2 (a) in(to) an earlier position, condition or stage 在（回到）以前的位置、状况或阶段: Put the book back on the shelf. 把书放回到书架上. * Please give me my ball back. 请把球还给我. * My aunt is just back (ie has just returned) from Paris. 我姨妈刚从巴黎回来. * It takes me an hour to walk there and back. 我步行一个来回用一小时. * We shall be back (ie home again) by six o'clock. 我们六点钟回来. * The party expects to be back in power after the election. 该党希望大选以後能重新掌权. (b) (of time) ago; into the past （指时间）以前, 上溯: (way) back in the Middle Ages 上溯到中世纪 * That was a few years back. 那是几年以前的事.  3 in return 回报: If he kicks me, I'll kick him back. 他若踢我, 我就踢他. * Jane wrote him a long letter, but he never wrote back. 简给他写了封长信, 然而他一直没有回信. * She smiled at him, and he smiled back. 她向他微笑, 他也向她微笑.  4 (idm 习语) back and `forth from one place to another and back again repeatedly 来回地: ferries sailing back and forth between Dover and Calais 往返于多佛港和加来港之间的渡船. (in) back of sth (US infml 口) behind sth 在某物的後面: the houses back of the church 位于教堂後面的房屋.

/bæk; bæk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move backwards （使某物）後退: back (a car) out of/into the garage, onto the road, into (ie hitting) a tree 开倒车驶出[驶入]车房、驶上公路、撞着一棵树.  2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on/onto) sth face sth at the back 背对着某物: Our house backs on(to) the river. 我们的房子背靠着河.  3 [Tn] (a) give help or support to (sb/sth) 帮助, 支持　某人[某事]　: She's the candidate who is backed by the Labour Party. 她是工党支持的候选人. (b) give financial support to (sb/sth) 给　某人[某事物]　以财务上的支持: Who is backing the film? 谁是那影片的赞助人?  4 [Tn] bet money on (a horse, greyhound, etc) 下赌注于（赛马、赛狗等）: I backed four horses but won nothing. 我在四匹马上下了注, 但全都输了. * Did anyone back the winner? 有人下注下在最後胜出的这匹马上了吗? * The favourite was heavily backed, ie Much money was bet on its winning the race. 在那匹热门马上下了重注.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) cover the back of sth; be a lining to sth 覆盖某物的背面; 作某物的衬里: The photograph was backed with cardboard. 照片背面衬上了一层纸板.  6 [Tn] sign (sth) on the back as a promise to pay if necessary; endorse 在背面签字作为可根据需要随时付 款的担保; 背书: back a bill, note, etc 在单据、票据等上背书.  7 [I] (of wind) change gradually in an anti-clockwise direction (eg from E to NE to N) （指风向）循反时针方向逐渐改变（如由东风转为东北风再转为北风）. Cf 参看 veer 2.  8 (idm 习语) ,back the wrong `horse support the loser (in a contest) 下错了赌注; 支持（竞赛中的）输家.  9 (phr v) back away (from sb/sth) move backwards in fear or dislike 因害怕或厌恶而後退: The child backed away from the big dog. 那个孩子看见大狗就向後退了.  back `down; US back `off give up a claim to sth; yield 放弃对某事物的要求; 屈服: He proved that he was right and his critics had to back down. 他证明了他是正确的, 而那些非难他的人不得不收起他们那一套. back out (of sth) withdraw from (an agreement, a promise, etc) 不履行（协议、承诺等）: It's too late to back out (of the deal) now. 现
issue of a periodical of an earlier date, not now on sale 过期的、现已不出售的期刊.(esp US) = by-road.n  1 (esp unimportant) room at the back of a building 後室（位于建筑物後部的房间, 尤指无重要用途的）.  2 (idm 习语) ,back-room `boys (infml 口 esp Brit) scientists, engineers, research workers, etc who receive little public attention 在幕後默默工作的科学家、工程师、研究人员等.1 seat at the back of a car, etc 後座（位于汽车等後部的座位）.  2 (idm 习语) a ,back-seat `driver (derog 贬) passenger in a car who gives unwanted advice to the driver 对司机胡乱指点的乘客. take a back seat (fig 比喻) behave as if one were unimportant; take a less prominent part in sth 装扮成不重要的角色; 在某事物中起较次要的作用.(US) = backchat.n (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit) seat in the House of Commons for a back-bencher 後座议员席（英国下议院中後座议员的席位）: sit on the back-benches 坐後座议员席 * [attrib 作定语] ,back-bench M`Ps 後座议员. n (Brit) member of Parliament who does not hold an important position in the government or opposition 後座议员（在政府或反对党中均不担任重要职务的国会议员）.adj exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的: back-breaking work, effort, etc 使人筋疲力尽的工作、努力等.n [U, C] (process of making a) word that appears to be the root of a longer word, eg televise from television 逆构词（该词看来像是某一较长单词的词根, 如由television逆造出 televise）; 逆序造词法.v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [I] pedal backwards on a bicycle, etc 倒蹬（自行车等）.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) withdraw from an earlier statement or policy; reverse one's previous action 背弃以前的言论或政策; 变卦: The Government are back-pedalling on their election promises. 内阁正在背弃它竞选时的诺言.n  1 [U] support; reserve 支持; 支援; 後备: The police had military back-up. 警方有军队作後盾. * [attrib 作定语] back-up services 善後服务 * the back-up team of a racing driver 赛车手的後勤队.  2 [U, C] (computing 计) (making a) copy of a file, program, etc for use in case the original is lost or damaged （制作）（文件、程序等的）复制件（以备原件丢失或损坏时使用）: [attrib 作定语] a back-up disc 复制件磁盘.n [U, C] ache or pain in the back1(2a) 背痛; 腰痛.v (pt, pp backbitten) [I] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) slander the reputation of sb who is not present 背後中伤他人. n person who backbites 背後中伤他人的人. n [U].n  1 [C] line of bones down the middle of the back from the skull to the hips; spine; spinal column 椎骨; 脊柱; 脊椎. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) chief support 中坚; 栋梁: Such people are the backbone of the country. 这样的人是国家的栋梁.  3 [U] (fig 比喻) strength; firmness 力气; 坚定性: He has no backbone, ie lacks stamina, perseverance, strength of character, etc. 他没有脊梁骨（缺少体力、毅力、坚强的性格等）.  4 (idm 习语) to the `backbone thoroughly 彻底地.n [U] (US back talk) (infml 口) answering back cheekily 顶嘴; 强嘴: I want none of your backchat! 我不许你顶嘴!n (Brit) printed cloth hung at the back of a stage in a theatre, as part of the scenery 背景幕布.v [Tn] comb (hair) from the ends back towards the scalp to give it a fuller appearance 逆梳（头发）（从发梢梳向头皮以使头发蓬松）.v [Tn] declare that (sth) is to be regarded as valid from some date in the past 宣布（某事物）自过去某日起即为有效: a pay increase awarded in June and backdated to 1 May  6月份发放的从5月1日算起的增薪.n = backcloth.n  1 person who gives (esp financial) support to another person, an undertaking, etc 赞助人; （尤指）资助人.  2 person who bets money on a horse, etc （赛马等中的）下赌注者.v  1 [I] ignite or explode too early, esp in an internal combustion engine 过早点火或爆燃（尤指内燃机）; 回火; 逆火: The car/engine backfired noisily. 那汽车[发动机]发生逆火引起爆鸣.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (fig 比喻) produce an unexpected and unwanted result esp for the people responsible for the action 产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果（尤指对于该行为的责任者而言）: The plot backfired (on the terrorist) when the bomb exploded too soon. 由于炸弹过早爆炸, （恐怖分子的）阴谋未能得逞. Cf 参看 misfire.  n early explosion, esp in an internal combustion engine 过早爆燃（尤指内燃机）; 回火; 逆火./ˌbækˈgæmən, ˈbækgæmən; `bæk-ˌˇæmən/ n [U] game for two players played on a double board with draughts and dice 西洋双陆棋（供两人玩, 使用对摺棋盘、棋子、色子）./ˈbækgraʊnd; `bækˌˇraᴜnd/ n  1 [sing] part of a view, scene or description that forms a setting for the chief objects, people, etc 背景. Cf 参看 foreground.  2 [sing] (a) inconspicuous position (used esp in the expressions shown) 不显着的位置; 幕後（尤用于以下示例）: be/be kept/stay in the background, ie not in the centre of public attention 在[保持在/留在]幕後（避开公众的注意）. (b) [attrib 作定语] unobtrusive 不明显的: background music 背景音乐; 配乐. Cf 参看 foreground.  3 (a) [sing] conditions and events surrounding and influencing sth 围绕并影响某事物的情况和事件: These political developments should be seen against a background of increasing East-West tension. 分析这些政治形势时, 应考虑到东西方关系正日趋紧张. * [attrib 作定语] background information 背景资料. (b) [C] person's social class, education, training, etc 人的社会阶层、学历、资历等: He has a working-class background. 他是工人阶级出身. (c) [U] information that is needed to understand a problem, etc （为了解某问题等所需的）资料: Can you give me more background on the company's financial position? 你能向我多提供一些有关该公司财务状况的资料吗?n [sing] (in tennis, etc) stroke or blow made with the back of the hand turned towards the opponent （网球等）反手抽击: He has a good backhand, ie can make good backhand shots. 他反手击球很棒. * [attrib 作定语] a backhand stroke, shot, drive, etc反手击球、抽球、打球等. Cf 参看 forehand.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 played as a backhand 反手击球的.  2 indirect 间接的; 转弯抹角的: a ,backhanded `compliment, ie one made in a sarcastic way so that it is not a compliment at all 挖苦人的恭维话（表面上恭维, 实则挖苦）.n (sl 俚) bribe 贿赂.n  1 (a) [U] help; support 帮助; 支持. (b) [sing] group of supporters 一群支持者: The new leader has a large backing. 那位新领导人有大批的支持者.  2 [U] material used to form the back of sth or to support sth 用作某物的背衬材料; 用作支撑某物的材料: cloth, rubber, cardboard, etc backing 布、橡胶、纸板等做的背衬.  3 [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp in pop music) musical accompaniment to a singer （尤指流行音乐）为歌手的伴奏: vocal/instrumental backing 和音[伴奏] * [attrib 作定语] a backing group 和音小组.n [sing] extreme and usu violent reaction to some event 对某些事情的激烈的、通常诉诸暴力的反应: The fall of the fascist dictatorship was followed by a left-wing backlash. 法西斯专政的垮台引起左翼运动的高涨.adj (of dress) cut low at the back1(2a) （指连衣裙）露出後背的.n publisher's list of books still in print （出版商的）重版书目录.n (usu sing 通常作单数) accumulation of work or business not yet attended to 积压的工作; 待办的业务: a backlog of work, unanswered letters 积压的工作[待覆信件] * After the postal strike there was a huge backlog of undelivered mail. 邮政部门罢工以後, 大量邮件积压下来.n (esp US) = rucksack. n. n [U].n support for the back1(2a) 靠背.n device with claws on a long handle for scratching one's own back1(2a) 搔背扒子（带爪的长柄用具, 用以自己搔背, 俗称痒痒挠儿、不求人）.n (infml 口) buttocks 屁股: Get off your backside and do some work! 别老坐着, 干点儿实事!v (pt, pp `backslid) [I] lapse from good ways into one's former bad ways of living （从良好的生活方式）倒退（到以往不良的生活方式）: He's a reformed criminal who may yet backslide. 他是个经过改造的罪犯, 然而仍有可能故态复萌. n [U].v [I] move the carriage of a typewriter backwards one or more spaces by pressing the special key for this 按退格键（使打字机滚筒退格）.adv  1 behind the stage in a theatre 在後台; 向後台: I was taken backstage to meet the actors. 我被带到後台去会见演员.  2 (fig 比喻) unseen by the public 幕後: I'd like to know what really goes on backstage in government. 我很想知道政府在幕後到底在干些什么.n [U] swimming stroke done on one's back in the water 仰泳.v [I]  1 return by the way that one came 由原路返回; 走回头路.  2 (fig 比喻) withdraw from an earlier argument or policy 背弃已往的言论或政策./ˈbækwəd; `bækwɚd/ adj  1 directed towards the back or the starting point 向後的; 向原出发点的: a backward glance, somersault 向後一瞥、翻一个筋斗.  2 having made or making less than normal progress 落後的; 後进的: a very backward part of the country, with no proper roads and no electricity 这个国家中极其落後的地区, 既没有像样的公路也没有电力供应 * John was rather backward as a child; he was nearly three before he could walk. , .  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (in sth) shy; reluctant; hesitant 害羞; 怯生生; 迟疑: Sheila is very clever but rather backward in expressing her ideas. 希拉很聪明, 然而在表达思想时却有些腼腆. Cf 参看 forward.n [U].adv  1 away from one's front; towards the back 向後: He looked backwards over his shoulder. 他回头向後看.  2 with the back or the end first 倒着; 颠倒: It's not easy to run backwards. 倒着跑不容易. * The word `star' is `rats' backwards. star这个字是倒着拼的 rats.  3 toward a worse or a previous state 回到更坏的或先前的状况: Let's take a journey backwards through time, ie imagine we are going back to an earlier period in history. 让我们作一次逆着时间的旅行（想像我们回到过去的历史时期里）. * Instead of making progress, my work actually seems to be going backwards. 我的工作不但没有进步, 实际上像是在倒退. =>Usage at forward2 用法见 forward2.  4 (idm 习语) ,backward(s) and `forward(s) first in one direction and then in the other 来回地: travelling backwards and forwards between London and the south coast 往返于伦敦和南海岸之间 * [attrib 作定语] a backward and forward movement 往复运动. bend/lean over `backwards (to do sth) (infml 口) make a great effort 努力; 竭力: Although we bent over backwards to please her, our new manager was still very critical of our work. 尽管我们竭力讨好新经理, 但她仍然对我们的工作百般挑剔. know sth backwards => know.n  1 backward movement of water in waves, esp behind a moving ship 回浪.  2 (fig 比喻) (usu unpleasant) results of an action, a policy or an event （行为、政策或事件的）後果, 余波（通常为不愉快者）: [attrib 作定语] the backwash effect of the war years 战争年代的遗祸.n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 part of a river not reached by the current, where the water does not flow 死水.  2 (fig 比喻) place that remains unaffected by events, progress, new ideas, etc 不受外界的变化、进步、新观念等影响的地方; 闭塞地区: I find this town too much of a backwater. 我觉得这个城镇太闭塞.n [pl]  1 uncleared forest land 未开拓的丛林地区.  2 remote or sparsely inhabited region 人烟稀少的边远地区.  3 culturally backward area 文化落後的地区. /-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men/-mEn; -mEn/) person who lives in the backwoods 居住在未开拓的丛林地区[人烟稀少的边远地区/文化落後地区]的人.n (also yard)  1 (a) (Brit) (esp of terraced houses) usu paved area at the back of a house （尤指成排房屋）（位于房屋後部通常为铺砌的）後院. (b) (US) whole area behind and belonging to a house, including the lawn, garden, etc 後院（房屋後面并属于该房屋, 包括草地、花园等在内的一整块地）.  2 (fig 比喻) area that is very close (used esp in the expression shown) 很近的区域（尤用于以下示例）: in one's own backyard, ie within one's own organization 在自己的後院（在自己的组织内）./ˈbeɪkən; `bekən/ n [U]  1 salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig 腌猪肉, 熏猪肉（猪的背部或肋部的肉）: a rasher of bacon 一片腌猪肉. Cf 参看 gammon, ham 1, pork.  2 (idm 习语) bring home the bacon => home3. save one's bacon => save1./bækˈtɪərɪə; bæk`tɪrɪə/ n [pl] (sing -ium/ -IEm; -IEm/) simplest and smallest forms of plant life, microscopic organisms that exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease 细菌./-rɪəl; -rɪəl/ adj of or caused by bacteria 细菌的; 由细菌引起的: bacterial contamination 细菌感染./-dʒɪst; -dʒɪst/ n person specializing in bacteriology 细菌学家./bækˌtɪərɪˈɒlədʒɪ; `bækˌtɪrɪ`ɑlədʒɪ/ n[U] scientific study of bacteria 细菌学. /bæd; bæd/ adj (worse/ w\:s; w[s/, worst/ w\:st; w[st/)  1 (a) of poor quality; below an acceptable standard; faulty 坏的; 劣质的; 不合格的; 有错的: a bad lecture, harvest 很糟的演讲、收成 * bad pronunciation, eyesight 很差的发音、视力 * You can't take photographs if the light is bad. 光线不足, 就无法拍照. (b) (used with names of occupations or with ns derived from vs 与职业名称连用或与动词派生的名词连用) not competent; not able to perform satisfactorily 不能胜任的; 表现不能令人满意的: a bad teacher, hairdresser, poet, etc 滥竽充数的教师、理发师、诗人等 * a bad liar, listener, etc 很差劲的说谎者、听者等 * a bad loser, ie one who complainswhen he loses 没出息的失败者（失败後怨天尤人的人）.  2 not morally acceptable; wicked 不道德的; 邪恶的: It's bad to steal. 偷窃真缺德. * He led a bad life. 他曾经过着邪恶的生活.  3 unpleasant; disagreeable; unwelcome 令人不快的; 使人讨厌的; 不受欢迎的: In the recession, our firm went through a bad time. 我们公司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛. * What bad weather we're having! 多讨厌的天气! * He's had some bad news: his father has died suddenly. 他得悉噩耗: 父亲突然去世. * These rotting bananas are giving off a bad smell. 这些腐烂的香蕉发出难闻的气味.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of things that are in themselves undesirable) serious; noticeable （指那些本身就要不得的东西）严重的, 显着的: a bad mistake, accident, fracture, headache 严重的错误、事故、骨折、头痛.  5 (of food) not fit to be eaten because of decay; rotting or rotten （指食物）因变质而不能食用的, 正在腐烂或已经腐烂的: bad eggs, meat, etc 腐坏的蛋、肉等 * The fish will go bad if you don't put it in the fridge. 这鱼不放入冰箱内就会腐坏.  6 [usu attrib 通常作定语] unhealthy or diseased 不健康的; 有病的: bad teeth 蛀牙 * a bad back, ie one that causes pain 背部疼痛.  7 [pred 作表语] ~ for sb/sth hurtful or injurious to sb/sth 有害于某人[某事物]: Smoking is bad for you/bad for your health. 吸烟有害于你[有害于你的健康]. * Too much rain is bad for the crops. 雨量过多对庄稼不利.  8 ~ (for sth/to do sth) unsuitable; difficult 

adv (US infml 口) badly(2) 非常; 在很大程度上: That's what I want, and I want it bad. 这就是我想要的, 而且是迫不及待要得到的. * Are you hurt bad? 你伤得厉害吗?

/bæd; bæd/ n the bad [U]  1 that which is wicked, unpleasant, etc 坏的事物.  2 (idm 习语) go to the `bad become completely immoral 道德败坏; 堕落. take the ,bad with the `good accept the unwelcome aspects (of life, a situation, etc) as well as the welcome ones 好坏都看得开. to the `bad (used to describe a financial position) in debit （用以形容财务状况）亏损, 负债: I am 500 to the bad, ie I have 500 less than I had. 我负债500英镑.debt that is unlikely to be paid 坏帐.n [pl] (US) barren regions 不毛之地.obscene or profane words used insultingly or to add emphasis; swear-words 脏话; 骂人的话.v [Tn] (US infml 口) talk maliciously about (sb); slander 恶意中伤（某人）; 诽谤.adj usually cross 脾气坏的.n (infml 口) villain in a film, novel, etc （电影、小说等中的）反面人物, 坏人: In real life, it's not so easy to divide people into goodies and baddies. 在现实生活中, 要划分好人和坏人并非易事.=> bid./bædʒ; bædʒ/ n (a) thing worn (usu a design on cloth or sth made of metal) to show a person's occupation, rank, membership of a society, etc 徽章: a cap badge, eg of a schoolboy or soldier 帽徽. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that shows a quality or condition 象徵; 标志: Chains are a badge of slavery. 锁链是奴隶制度的标志./ˈbædʒə(r); `bædʒɚ/ n animal of the weasel family, grey with black and white stripes on its head, living in holes in the ground and moving about at night 　. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

/ˈbædʒə(r); `bædʒɚ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (with/for sth); ~ sb (into doing sth) pester sb; nag sb persistently 纠缠某人; 烦扰某人: Stop badgering your father with questions! 别老拿问题去烦你父亲了! * She badgered me into doing what she wanted. 她闹着要我照她要求的做. * Tom has been badgering his uncle to buy him a camera. 汤姆一直缠着他叔叔给他买照相机./ˈbædɪnɑːʒ; <i>US</i> ˌbædənˈɑːʒ; ˌbædn`ɑʒ/ n [U] (French 法) playful teasing; banter 开玩笑; 打趣.adv (worse, worst)  1 in an inadequate or unsatisfactory manner 不好; 以不适当的或不能令人满意的方式: play, work, sing, etc badly 玩得、干得、唱得...不好 * badly made, dressed, etc 做得、穿得...不像样子的 * I'm afraid our team's doing rather badly. 我看我们队的表现不太好.  2 (with expressions indicating a want, need, etc or undesirable conditions 与表示匮乏、需要等用语连用或与表示不良情况的用语连用) very much; to a great extent 非常; 在很大程度上: badly in need of repair 亟须修理 * badly wounded 伤情严重 * badly beaten at football 在足球赛中惨败 * They want to see her very badly. 他们很想见到她.  3 (idm 习语) badly off in a poor position, esp financially 潦倒; （尤指）穷困: We shouldn't complain about being poor  many families are much worse off (than we are). 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天--许多人的家境（比起我们来）还要糟得多呢. be badly off for sth be in need (of sth); be inadequately supplied (with sth) 需要（某物）; 供应（某物）不足: The refugees are badly off for blankets, and even worse off for food. 难民需要毯子, 更需要食物./ˈbædmɪntən; `bædmɪntən/ n [U] game for two or four people played with rackets and shuttlecocks on a court with a high net 羽毛球运动.n [U]./ˈbæfl; `bæfl/ v [Tn]  1 be too difficult for (sb) to understand; puzzle 使（某人）困惑; 难倒: One of the exam questions baffled me completely. 有一道试题把我完全难住了. * Police are baffled as to the identity of the killer. 警方不解凶手是谁.  2 prevent (sb) from doing sth; frustrate 阻止（某人）做某事; 使受挫: She baffled all our attempts to find her. 她千方百计不让我们找到她.  

/ˈbæfl; `bæfl/ n screen used to hinder or control the flow of sound, light or liquid （阻碍或控制声音传播、光线照射或液体流动的）屏蔽, 挡板, 隔板, 遮护物.n [U]. adj: a baffling crime 难于侦破的罪案./ˈbæftə; `bæftə/ abbr 缩写 = British Academy of Film and Television Arts 英国影视艺术学会: BAFTA awards 英国影视艺术学会奖./bæg; bæˇ/ n  1 (a) container made of flexible material (eg paper, cloth or leather) with an opening at the top, used for carrying things from place to place 袋; 包; 提包: a `shopping-bag 购物袋 * a `handbag 手提包 * a `kitbag 旅行袋 * a `toolbag 工具袋 * a `mailbag 邮袋. (b) such a container with its contents; the amount it contains 一袋或一包的物品; 一袋或一包的量: two bags of coal 两袋煤.  2 thing resembling a bag 袋状物: bags under the eyes, ie loose folds of skin under the eyes, eg from lack of sleep 眼下肿包.  3 all the birds, animals, etc shot or caught 猎获物: We got a good bag today. 我们今天猎获甚丰.  4 (infml derog 口, 贬) fussy, unattractive or bad-tempered (usu older) woman 爱挑剔的、令人厌烦或脾气坏的（通常为较年长的）女人: She's an awful old bag. 她是个爱挑剔的老太婆.  5 (idm 习语) ,bag and `baggage with all one's belongings, often suddenly or secretly 带着全部财物（常为突然地或秘密地）: Her tenant left, bag and baggage, without paying the rent. 她的房客未付房租就带着全部财物离去了. a ,bag of `bones a very thin person or animal 骨瘦如柴的人或动物: The cat had not been fed for weeks and was just a bag of bones. 那只猫已有几个星期没喂食了, 简直成了皮包骨. be in the `bag (infml 口) (of a result, an outcome, etc) be as desired （指结果、结局等）不成问题, 如探囊取物: Her re-election is in the bag. 她在改选中已稳操胜券. let the cat out of the bag => cat1. pack one's bags => pack2. the whole bag of tricks => whole.

/bæg; bæˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put into a bag or bags 装进袋里: bag (up) wheat 把小麦装进袋里.  2 [Tn] (of hunters) kill or catch (sth) （指猎人）打死或捕获（某物）: They bagged nothing except a couple of rabbits. 他们除猎到两只兔子以外, 一无所获.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) take (sth) without permission but without intending to steal 未经准许而拿走（某物）（但无偷盗之意）: Who's bagged my matches? 谁把我的火柴拿走了? * She bagged (ie occupied, sat in) the most comfortable chair. 她占了最舒适的椅子. * try to bag an empty table, ie to secure one, eg in a crowded restaurant 设法占住一张空桌子（如在拥挤的餐馆中）.  4 [I, Ipr] sag or hang loosely, looking like a cloth bag 宽松地下垂或悬吊（如布袋状）: trousers that bag at the knee 膝盖部分宽松的裤子.  5 (idm 习语) bags (I)... (infml 口) I claim... 我要求...: Bags I go first. 我要第一个去./ˌbægəˈtel; ˌbæˇə`tɛl/ n  1 [U] game played on a board with small balls that are hit into holes 小型台球游戏.  2 [C] something small and unimportant 小玩意儿; 无足轻重的东西: a mere bagatelle 小事一桩.  3 [C] short piece of music 小曲; 音乐小品./ˈbeɪgl; `beˇəl/ n hard ring-shaped bread roll 一种圈状硬面包./ˈbægɪdʒ; `bæˇɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] = luggage.  2 [U] equipment carried by an army 辎重.  3 [C] (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) lively or mischievous girl 活泼或调皮的女孩儿: Come here, you little baggage! 过来, 你这小丫头!  4 (idm 习语) bag and baggage => bag1.(US) = luggage van (luggage).(US) = left-luggage office (left1).adv. n [U]./ˈbægɪ; `bæˇɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) hanging loosely 宽松地下垂的: baggy trousers 宽松的裤子. /ˈbægpaɪps; `bæˇˌpaɪps/ (also pipes) n [pl] musical instrument played by storing air in a bag held under the arm, which is then pressed out through pipes 风笛: Scottish bagpipes 苏格兰风笛./bægz; bæˇz/ n [pl] (infml 口) trousers 裤子: Oxford bags 牛津裤.

/bægz; bæˇz/ n [pl] ~ (of sth) (infml 口) plenty (of sth) （某物的）大量: There's bags of room有许多地方. * Don't worry about money: I've got bags. 别为钱发愁: 我有的是./bɑː; bɑ/ interj (expressing disgust or contempt 表示厌恶或轻蔑)./beɪl; bel/ n [U]  1 money paid by or for a person accused of a crime, as security that he will return for his trial if he is allowed to go free until then 保释金.  2 permission for a person to be released on such security 准许保释: The magistrate granted/refused him bail. 地方法官准许[不准]他保释.  3 (idm 习语) go/stand `bail (for sb) give bail (to secure sb's freedom) 交保释金（保释某人）. jump bail => jump2. (out) on `bail free after payment of bail 交保释金後获释: The accused was released on bail (of 1000) pending trial. 那被告在交纳（1000英镑）保释金後, 在开庭前暂时获释.

v (phr v) bail sb out (a) obtain or allow the release of sb on bail 保释某人. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) rescue sb from (esp financial) difficulties 救助某人摆脱困境（尤指财务方面）: The club faced bankruptcy until a wealthy local businessman bailed them out. 俱乐部那时眼看就要破产, 後来本地有位富商鼎力相助, 才摆脱困境./beɪl; bel/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (out)/sth (out) throw (water) out of a boat with buckets, etc; clear (a boat) in this way 用桶将（水）从船内舀出; 以这种方式给（船）清除积水: bailing water (out) 舀水往船外泼 * bailing (out) the boat 清除船中积水 * The boat will sink unless we bail (out). 我们不把积水清除掉, 船就要沉了.n (in cricket) either of the two cross-pieces resting on each set of three stumps （板球）三柱门上的横木./ˈbeɪlɪ; `belɪ/ n  1 outer wall of a castle （城堡的）郭.  2 courtyard enclosed by this wall （城堡外郭所围绕的）堡场./ˈbeɪlɪ brɪdʒ; `belɪ brɪdʒ/ portable military bridge made of prefabricated sections that can be fitted together quickly 贝利桥（军用便桥, 由可迅速安装的预制件组成）./ˈbeɪlɪf; `belɪf/ n  1 law officer who helps a sheriff in issuing writs and making arrests （协助郡长发布令状及执行逮捕使命的）执行官.  2 (Brit) landlord's agent or steward; manager of an estate or farm （地主的）代理人或管家; （房地产或农场的）看守人.  3 (US) official in a lawcourt, esp one who takes people to their seats and announces the arrival of the judge 法警（尤指负责带位并宣布法官出庭的）./beən; bɛrn/ n (Scot 苏格兰) child 小孩儿./beɪt; bet/ n [U]  1 food or imitation food put on a hook to catch fish or placed in nets, traps, etc to attract prey 鱼饵; 诱饵: The fish nibbled at/rose to/took/swallowed the bait. 那鱼轻咬[浮向/咬着了/吞下了]鱼饵. * live bait, ie small fish used to catch larger fish 活饵（用作鱼饵引诱大鱼上钩的小鱼）.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that is used to attract or tempt 引诱物; 诱惑物.  3 (idm 习语) rise to the bait => rise2. swallow the bait => swallow2.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put (real or imitation food) on or in sth to catch fish, animals, etc 置（饵）于某物之上或之内（以捕鱼、兽等）: bait a trap 把饵放入陷阱里 * bait a hook with a worm 把鱼虫放在钩上作鱼饵.  2 [Tn] (a) torment (a chained animal) by making dogs attack it, often as a form of entertainment 纵犬撕咬（被链锁住的动物）（通常作为娱乐）: `bear-baiting 纵犬斗熊. (b) torment (sb) by making cruel or insulting remarks 以侮辱性言辞折磨（某人）./beɪz; bez/ n [U] thick (usu green) woollen cloth used for covering billiard-tables, card-tables, doors, etc 台面呢（一种厚毛呢, 通常为绿色, 用作台球台、牌桌、门等的衬垫）./beɪk; bek/ v  1 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) (cause sth to) be cooked by dry heat in an oven （使某物放在烤箱烘烤: bake bread, cakes, etc 烘面包、糕饼等 * The bread is baking/being baked. 面包正在烘烤. * I'm baking Alex a birthday cake/baking a birthday cake for Alex. 我正在给阿列克斯烤生日蛋糕. * baked potatoes 烤的马铃薯 * baked beans, ie haricot beans baked and tinned with tomato sauce 烘豆（经烘烤後加入番茄汁做成罐头的菜豆）. =>Usage at cook 用法见 cook.  2 [I, Tn, Cn.a] (cause sth to) become hard by heating （使某物）烤硬: The sun baked the ground hard. 太阳把地晒得硬帮帮的. * The bricks are baking in the kilns. 　里正在烧砖.  3 [I] (fig infml 比喻, 口) be or become very hot 灼热; 炎热: It's baking today! 今天天气炎热! * We are baking in the sun. 我们让太阳晒熟了./ˈbeɪkəlaɪt; `bekəˌlaɪt/ n [U] type of plastic 电木; 胶木.n  1 person who bakes and sells bread, etc 烘制并出售面包等的人; 面包师傅: buy some rolls at the baker's 在面包店里买些圆面包.  2 (idm 习语) a baker's `dozen thirteen 十三./ˈbeɪkərɪ; `bekərɪ/ n place where bread is baked for sale 面包房; 面包厂.adj (infml 口) very hot 灼热的; 炎热的: a ,baking-hot `day 炎热的一天.n [U] mixture of powders used to make cakes, etc rise and become light during baking 发酵粉./bækˈʃiːʃ, also ˈbækʃiːʃ; bæk`ʃiʃ, `bækʃiʃ/ n [U] (in the Middle East) money given as a tip or to help the poor （中东地区的）小费, 赏钱./ˌbæləˈklɑːvə; ˌbælə`klɑvə/ n (also ,Balaclava `helmet) closely-fitting hat that covers the head and neck but not the face 巴拉克拉瓦帽（紧紧罩住头部和颈部而只露出脸部的帽子）./ˌbæləˈlaɪkə; ˌbælə`laɪkə/ n musical instrument like a guitar with a triangular body and three strings, popular in Slav countries 巴拉莱卡琴（类似吉他的乐器, 琴身为三角形, 有三根弦, 流行于斯拉夫国家）./ˈbæləns; `bæləns/ n  1 [C] instrument used for weighing, with a central pivot, a beam and two scales or pans 天平; 秤. => illus at scale3 见scale3之插图.  2 [U] (a) even distribution of weight; steadiness 平衡; 平稳: Riders need a good sense of balance. 骑车的人必须善 于保持平衡. (b) steadiness of mind; sanity 心境的平稳; 心智健全: His wife's sudden death upset the balance ofhis mind. 他妻子突然去世, 他感到六神无主.  3 [U, sing](a) ~ (in sth/between A and B) condition that exists when two opposites are equal or in correct proportions 均衡状态; 均势: Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来. * This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions. 这家报纸刊登不同意见始终做到不偏不倚. (b) pleasing proportion of parts in a whole 谐调; 匀称: All the parts of the building are in perfect balance. 建筑物的各部分都显得非常匀称. * This painting has a pleasing balance of shapes and colours. 这幅画在构图和色彩方面都十分谐调.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (finance 财) difference between two columns of an account, ie money received or owing and money spent or owed 收支差额; 余额: I must check my bank balance, ie find out how much money I have in my account. 我要核对一下我在银行的余额（看我的帐户上有多少钱）.  5 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] amount (of money) still owed after some payment has been made 余欠之（钱）数: The balance (of 500) will be paid within one week. 余欠之数（500英镑）将于一周内付清. (b) the balance [sing] remainder of sth after part has already been used, taken, etc 剩余: The balance of your order will be supplied when we receive fresh stock. 贵方所订购货物之其余部分, 一俟我方进货即可供应. * When will you take the balance of your annual leave? 你打算什么时候使用剩余的年假? =>Usage at rest3 用法见 rest3.6 (idm 习语) (be/hang) in the balance (of a decision, result, sb's future, etc) (be) uncertain or undecided （指决定、结果、某人的未来等）不能确定的, 尚未决定的: The future of this project is (hanging) in the balance. 这项目的下一步仍

/ˈbæləns; `bæləns/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] keep or put (sth) in a state of balance1(2a) 使（某物）保持平衡: a clown balancing a stick on the end of his nose 在鼻尖上立着棍子使之保持平衡的丑角. (b) [I, Ipr] be or put oneself in a state of balance 使自己保持平衡: He balanced precariously on the narrow window-ledge. 他在狭窄的窗台上很难保持平衡. * How long can you balance on one foot? 你能单脚站立多久?  2 (finance 财) (a) [Tn] compare the total debits and credits in (an account) and record the sum needed to make them equal 结算: balance an account/one's books 结帐 * balance the budget, ie arrange for income and expenditure to be equal 平衡预算（使收支相抵）. (b) [I] (of an account, a balance sheet, etc) show equal totals of debits and credits （指帐目、资产负债表等）显示借贷相抵（收支平衡）: Do the firm's accounts balance? 这家公司的帐目收支是否平衡? (c) [Tn] be of the same value as (sth opposite); offset 与（某对比事物）等价; 抵销: This year's profits will balance our previous losses. 本年度的盈利将与上一年度的亏损相抵. * (fig 比喻) His lack of experience was balanced by his willingness to learn. 他悉心好学弥补了经验不足.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ A against B compare the value of one plan, argument, etc with that of another 将此一计划、主张等与彼一计划、主张等作价值上的比较; 权衡二者之利弊: She balanced the attractions of a high salary against the prospect of working long hours. 她对高薪和长工时两者的利弊作了权衡比较.  4 [Tn] give equal importance to (different parts of sth) 对（某事物的不同部分）给予同等的重视; 等量齐观: This school aims to balance the amount of time spent on arts and science subjects. 这所学校在时间安排上努力做到文理并重. * Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less protein. 多吃些水果, 少摄入些蛋白质, 使饮食均衡合理.difference between the amount paid to foreign countries for imports and services and the amount received from them for exports, etc in a given period 国际收支差额: [attrib 作定语] a healthy balance-of-payments position 良好的国际收支状况.1 situation in which power is equally divided among rival states or groups of states 均势（对立的国家或国家集团之间势均力敌的状况）.  2 (politics 政) power held by a small group when rival larger groups are equal or almost equal in strength （当处于对立状态的较大团体力量均衡或接近均衡时）小团体所具有的举足轻重的力量: Since the two main parties each won the same number of seats, the minority party holds the balance of power. 由于两个主要政党都赢得了相同数量的席位, 因此作为少数派的政党居于举足轻重的地位.difference in value between exports and imports 进出口贸易差额: [attrib 作定语] a balance-of-trade deficit, ie when a country's exports are worth less than its imports 贸易赤字（进口多于出口）.written record of money received and paid out, showing the difference between the two total amounts 资产负债表, 资金平衡表（显示收支总差额的记录）.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] keeping or showing a balance 保持平衡的; 显示平衡的: a balanced state of mind, ie a stable one, in which no single emotion is too strong 内心的平衡（无过激情绪的稳定心态） * a balanced decision, ie one reached after comparing all the arguments 折衷的决定（比较所有意见之後作出的决定） * a balanced diet, ie one with the quantity and variety of food needed for good health 均衡饮食（按照增进健康所需之食物数量及品种进行调配的饮食）./ˈbælkənɪ; `bælkənɪ/ n  1 platform with a wall or rail built onto the outside wall of a building and reached from an upstairs room 阳台. =>illus 见插图.  2 (US) = circle 3./bɔːld; bɔld/ adj  1 (a) (of people) having little or no hair on the scalp （指人）秃头的, 无发或少发的. (b) without the expected covering 缺少应有的覆盖物的: Our dog has a bald patch (ie a patch with no hair) on its leg. 我们的狗的腿上秃了一块. * bald (ie badly worn) tyres 光秃的（严重磨损的）轮胎 * (fig 比喻) a bald landscape, ie one with no trees, bushes, etc 光秃秃的景象（没有树木等）.  2 without elaboration; plain or dull 不刻意修饰的; 简单的; 单调的: bald facts 简单的事实 * a bald statement of the facts 对事实的直截了当的陈述.  3 (idm 习语) (as) bald as a coot (infml 口) completely bald 头顶全秃的.N American eagle with a white head and white tail feathers, used as an emblem of the USA 白头鹰, 秃鹫（产于北美洲的鹰, 头部和尾部羽毛为白色, 是象徵美国的国鸟）./ˈbɔːldədæʃ; `bɔldɚˌdæʃ/ n [U] (dated infml 旧, 口) nonsense 胡话: He's talking balderdash. 他胡说八道.adj becoming bald 变秃的: He was already balding at the age of 25. 他25岁就秃顶了.adv in plain words; with no elaboration 直截了当地; 不加修饰地: To put it baldly..., ie If I may speak plainly, without trying to soften what I am saying... 直截了当地说吧....n [U]./beɪl; bel/ n large bundle of paper, straw, goods, etc pressed together and tied with rope or wire ready to be moved, sold, etc 大包; 大捆: bales of hay 乾草捆 * The cloth was packed in bales. 布已打成包.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth into or pack sth in bales 将某物打成包或包装成捆: baling hay 捆乾草.

/beɪl; bel/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] = bail2.  2 (phr v) bale out (of sth) jump out using a parachute (from an aircraft that is damaged or out of control) （从损坏或失控的飞机中）跳伞./ˈbeɪlfʊl; `belfəl/ adj threatening evil or harm; menacing 凶恶的; 有害的; 险恶的: a baleful look, influence, presence 凶恶的样子、势力、态度. /ˈbeɪlfʊlɪ; `belfəlɪ/ adv./bɔːk; bɔk/ n thick, roughly-squared wooden beam （粗加工的）大方木料.

/bɔːk; bɔk/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) be reluctant to tackle sth because it is difficult, dangerous, unpleasant, etc （因困难、危险、乏味等）不愿从事某事: The horse balked at (ie refused to jump) the high hedge. 马在高高的树篱面前逡巡不前（不愿跳越）. * His parents balked at the cost of the guitar he wanted. 他想要那个吉他, 但他父母看到吉他的价格却踌躇不决.  2 (dated 旧) (a) [Tn] deliberately obstruct or prevent (sth) 故意妨碍或阻止（某事物）: balk sb's plans 使某人的计划受挫. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth prevent sb from getting sth 阻止某人获得某事物: They were balked of their prey. 他们受阻捕不到猎物./bɔːl; bɔl/ n  1 (a) solid or hollow sphere used in games （各种游戏所用的实心或空心的）球: a `football 足球 * a `tennis-ball 网球 * a `cricket-ball 板球. =>illus at basketball, hockey 见basketball, hockey之插图. (b) any similar sphere 任何球状物: Signs with three balls hang outside pawnbrokers' shops. 当　外面悬挂着三个球的标记.  2 (a) (in cricket) single delivery of the ball by the bowler （板球）投球手投出的一个球. (b) (in baseball) any strike or throw （棒球）一击或一投: a foul ball 界外球. (c) (in football, hockey, etc) movement of the ball by a player （足球、曲棍球等的）传球: send over a high ball 高吊传球.  3 round mass of material that has been pressed together, rolled or wound into shape 挤压、旋滚或缠绕成团的球状物: a `meat ball 肉丸子 * a `snowball 雪球 * a ball of `wool/`string 绒线[线]团.  4 rounded part 圆形部分: the ball of the thumb, ie the part near the palm 大拇指下面近掌心的球形部分. =>illus at hand 见hand之插图. * the ball of the foot, ie the part near the base of the big toe 脚掌下面近拇趾根的球形部分.  5 (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) testicle 睾丸.  6 (idm 习语) the ball is in one's/sb's `court one/sb must make the next move (in a negotiation, etc) （谈判等）下一个轮到自己[某人]. a ball of `fire (infml 口) person full of energy and enthusiasm 精力充沛热情洋溢的人. have the ball at one's `feet have a good chance of succeeding 有成功的好机会. keep/start the `ball rolling continue/start a conversation or an activity 继续[开始]谈话或活动. (be) on the `ball (infml 口) be alert and aware of new ideas, trends, etc 对新的思想、动向等敏感而熟悉: The new publicity manager is really on the ball. 新的宣传部主任确实很内行. play `ball (infml 口) co-operate 合作: They're refusing to play ball (with us). 他们拒绝（与我们）合作.

v [Tn] form (sth) into a ball by winding, squeezing, etc 以缠绕、挤压等方法使（某物）成为一团: ball one's fist 攥拳.

/bɔːl; bɔl/ n  1 formal social gathering for dancing （正式举办的）舞会.  2 (idm 习语) have (oneself) a `ball (infml 口 esp US) have a very good time 过得非常愉快.1 (a) any game played with a ball 球类运动. (b) (US) game of baseball 棒球戏.  2 (sl 俚) state of affairs 局面: We're into a whole new ball game. 我们正处于一种全新的局面.n (a) type of bearing(5) in which small steel balls are used to reduce friction 滚珠轴承. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) any of these balls （滚珠轴承的）滚珠.n (also ,ball-point `pen) pen that writes with a tiny ball at its point which rolls ink onto the paper 圆珠笔. Cf 参看 biro./ˈbæləd; `bæləd/ n simple song or poem, esp one that tells a story 歌谣; 诗歌; 谣曲; （尤指）叙事歌谣./bæˈlɑːd; bæ`lɑd/ n  1 poem with one or more verses, each having 7, 8 or 10 lines, and a short final verse 联韵诗（全诗有一个或数个诗节, 每节7行、8行或10行, 另有一个短小的尾节）.  2 romantic piece of music 叙事曲; 浪漫曲./ˈbæləst; `bæləst/ n  1 [U] heavy material placed in a ship's hold to keep it steady 压舱物, 压载物（船中用以保持平稳的）.  2 [U] sand or other material carried in a balloon, that can be thrown out to make the balloon go higher 气球所装载的沙子或其他物质（可将其抛掉以使气球升得更高）.  3 [U] stones, etc used to make a foundation for a railway, road, etc （铺筑铁路、公路等之路基所用的）石块, 道渣.  4 [C] device used for stabilizing current in an electric circuit 镇流器.  5 (idm 习语) in ballast (of a ship) carrying only ballast （指船）仅装有压舱物的.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) supply sth with ballast 给某物装上压载物.ns young person who retrieves balls for the players in a tennis match 网球场上捡球的年轻人.n device with a floating ball that controls the water level in a cistern 浮球旋塞; 浮球阀./ˌbæləˈriːnə; ˌbælə`rinə/ n female ballet dancer, esp one who takes leading parts 芭蕾舞女演员（尤指扮演主角的）./ˈbæleɪ; `bæle/ n  1 (a) (sometimes 有时作 the ballet) [U] style of dancing used to tell a story in a dramatic performance with music but without speech or singing 芭蕾舞: enjoy (the) classical ballet 欣赏古典芭蕾舞 * [attrib 作定语] ballet music 芭蕾舞音乐. (b) [C] story performed in this way 芭蕾舞剧: Have you seenthis ballet before? 你从前看过这出芭蕾舞剧吗?  2 [CGp]group of dancers who regularly perform ballet together 芭蕾舞的演出团体: members of the Bolshoi Ballet 大剧院芭蕾舞团的演员.n person who dances in ballets 芭蕾舞演员.=> ballboymissile that is initially powered and guided and thereafter controlled by gravity 弹道导弹./bəˈlɪstɪks; bə`lɪstɪks/ n [sing v] study of things that are shot or fired through the air, eg bullets, missiles, etc 弹道学（对射击或发射之物如子弹、导弹等的研究）: [attrib 作定语] a ballistics expert 弹道学专家.interj (<!> infml 讳, 口) nonsense 胡说./ˈbɒləks; `bɑləks/ n (<!> infml 讳, 口)  1 [pl] testicles 睾丸.  2 [U] nonsense 胡说: What a load of ballocks! 一派胡言!/bəˈluːn; bə`lun/ n  1 brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child's toy or a decoration （用作玩具或装饰品的）气球.  2 (also hot-`air balloon) large flexible bag filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, often carrying a basket, etc for passengers 热气气球（常悬有吊篮等以载人）.  3 (in strip cartoons, etc) shape like a balloon (ie round with a narrow neck) in which speech is shown （连环画等）供写对白的气球状线条圈（即带狭颈的圆圈）.  4 (idm 习语) when the bal`loon goes up (infml 口) when expected trouble begins 当意料中的麻烦到来时: I don't want to be around when the balloon goes up. 要出事了, 我趁早离开是非之地.

v [I]  1 swell out like a balloon 膨胀如气球: Her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起 来了.  2 (usu 通常作 go ballooning) travel in a balloon as a sport 乘气球（作为运动）: They like to go ballooning at weekends. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩.n person who travels by balloon, esp as a sport 乘气球的人（尤指作为运动）./ˈbælət; `bælət/ n  1 (a) (also `ballot-paper) [C] piece of paper used in secret voting （无记名投票所用的）选票. (b) [U] system of secret voting 无记名投票制度: elected by ballot 无记名投票选举的. (c) [C] instance of this 无记名投票: hold a ballot of members 成员举行的无记名投票 * We should put it to a ballot. 我们应该对此进行无记名投票.  2 [C] number of votes recorded in a ballot 无记名投票所得的票数.

v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth) vote by ballot (for sb/sth) 以无记名投票方式（对某人[某事物]）进行表决.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/on sth) cause sb to vote (on sth) secretly 使某人以无记名方式投票表决（某事物）: The union balloted its members on the proposed changes. 工会让会员们以无记名方式就所建议的改革进行表决.n box in which voters place their ballot-papers 投票箱.n  1 (US) place where baseball is played 棒球场.  2 (sl 俚) area; range 区域; 范围: a guess that's just not in the right ballpark, ie one that is wildly inaccurate 不着边际的瞎猜 * [attrib 作定语] a ballpark figure, ie a rough estimate 约略的数字.n large room used for dancing 跳舞厅. Cf 参看 dance-hall (dance1). ,ballroom `dancing formal type of dancing to conventional rhythms 交际舞; 交谊舞./ˈbɔːlz ʌp; `bɔlz ˌʌp/ (US also ball-up/ 5bR:l Qp; `bRl 9Qp/) n (<!> infml 讳, 口) mess; botched job 杂乱; 拙劣的工作: I made a proper balls-up of that exam. 那次考试我考得一塌糊涂./ˈbælɪ; `bælɪ/ adj, adv (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) bloody2(1) 非常; 极端: It's a bally nuisance! 讨厌极了!/ˌbælɪˈhuː; <i>US</i> ˈbælɪhuː; `bælɪˌhu/ n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 noisy publicity or advertising 大吹大擂; 大肆宣扬.  2 unnecessary noise or fuss 咋咋呼呼; 大惊小怪./bɑːm; bɑm/ n [U, C]  1 (also balsam) sweet-smelling oil or ointment obtained from certain types of tree, used for soothing pain or for healing （从某些树中提取的可止痛或疗伤的）芳香油, 香脂.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that soothes the mind 安慰物: The gentle music was (a) balm to his ears. 那柔和的音乐对他是一种安慰.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of air) gentle and pleasantly warm （指空气）温暖的, 暖和的.  2 fragrant and soothing; like balm 芳香的; 能止痛的; 如香脂的.  3 (esp US) = barmy. = boloney./ˈbɔːlsə; `bɔlsə/ n (a) [U] lightweight wood used for making models, rafts, etc 轻木（轻质木材, 用以制作模型、木筏等）. (b) [C] tropical American tree from which this comes 轻木树（生长于热带美洲）./ˈbɔːlsəm; `bɔlsəm/ n  1 [C] flowering plant grown in gardens 凤仙花.  2 (a) [C] tree yielding balm 产芳香油的树. (b) [U, C] = balm./ˈbæləstə(r); `bæləstɚ/ n any of the short pillars in a balustrade 栏杆柱./ˌbæləˈstreɪd; ˌbælə`stred/ n row of upright posts or small pillars joined along the top by a rail or stonework, and placed round a balcony, terrace, flat roof, etc （阳台、平台、平屋顶等的）栏杆./bæmˈbuː; bæm`bu/ n [C, U] tall plant of the grass family with hard hollow jointed stems that are used for making canes, furniture, etc 竹; 竹子: the bamboos growing by the river 生长于河边的竹子 * a house of bamboo 竹屋 * [attrib 作定语] a bamboo chair 竹椅./bæmˈbuːzl; bæm`buzl/ v (infml 口)  1 [Tn] mystify (sb); puzzle 使（某人）迷惑; 使为难: You've completely bamboozled me. 你完全把我搞糊涂了.  2 (phr v) bamboozle sb into (doing) sth trick sb into (doing) sth 哄骗某人做某事: He bamboozled me into believing that he'd lost all his money. 他欺骗我让我相信他把钱全丢光了. bamboozle sb out of sth cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人的某物./bæn; bæn/ v (-nn-)  1 [Tn] officially forbid (sth) 明令禁止（某事物）: The play was banned (by the censor). 该剧本遭（审查员）查禁. * The Government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政府已经禁止使用化学武器. * a ban-the-bomb demonstration, ie one protesting against the use of nuclear weapons 要求禁止使用核武器的示威活动.  2 ~ sb (from sth/from doing sth) officially forbid sb (to do sth) 明令禁止某人（做某事）: He was banned from (attending) the meeting. 不准他出席该会议. * She's been banned from driving for six months. 已禁止她开车, 为期六个月.

n ~ (on sth/sb) order that bans; prohibition 禁令; 禁止: put a ban on the import of alcohol 宣布禁止酒类进口./bəˈnɑːl; <i>US</i> ˈbeɪnl; `benl/ adj commonplace; uninteresting 平常的; 乏味的: banal remarks, thoughts, sentiments, etc 平平常常的话语、思想、感情等./bəˈnlətɪ; bə`nælətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being banal 平常; 乏味.  2 [C] banal remark 平常话; 陈词滥调: a speech consisting mainly of banalities 有很多陈词滥调的讲话./bəˈnɑːnə; <i>US</i> bəˈnænə; bə`nænə/ n  1 (a) long thick-skinned edible fruit that is yellow when ripe 香蕉. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图. (b) tropical or semi-tropical tree bearing this fruit 香蕉树（生长于热带或亚热带）.  2 (idm 习语) go ba`nanas (sl 俚) become mad or angry; act very foolishly 发疯; 发怒; 傻里傻气.(derog 贬) small, often unstable, country whose economy depends on the export of fruit 香蕉共和国（以水果输出为经济命脉的, 常为不稳定的小国）.(infml 口) source of difficulty or embarrassment, esp to a public figure, an organization, etc 造成困难或麻烦的根源（尤对某知名人物、组织等而言）: The proposed tax changes are likely to prove a banana skin for the Government. 建议中的税务变动很可能给政府带来无穷後患./bænd; bænd/ n  1 [C] (a) thin flat strip, hoop or loop used for fastening things together or for placing round an object to strengthen it 带; 箍; 条: iron bands round a barrel 桶外的铁箍 * papers kept together with a rubber band 用橡皮筋套在一起的文件 * the waistband of a dress 连衣裙上的腰带. (b) strip or line on sth, different in colour or design from the rest （颜色或图案异于其他部分的）条纹, 条饰: a white plate with a blue band round the edge 带蓝边的白盘子.  2 [CGp] organized group of people doing sth together with a common purpose 一队; 一伙; 一组; 一帮: a band of robbers, fugitives, revellers, etc 一帮强盗、逃亡者、寻欢作乐的人等.  3 [CGp] (a) group of people playing esp wind instruments （尤指管乐）乐队: a brass `band 铜管乐队 * a military `band 军乐队. (b) group of people playing popular music, often for dancing 流行音乐乐队（常为舞蹈作伴奏的）: a `dance band 为舞会作伴奏的乐队 * a `jazz band 爵士乐队. Cf 参看 orchestra.  4 (also `waveband) [C] (radio 无) range of wavelengths within specified limits 波段; 频带: the 19-metre band   19米的波段.

v  1 [Tn] put a band(1a) on or round (sth) 在（某物）上加带或箍.  2 [Ip] ~ together unite in a group 联合: band together to protest 联合抗议 * band together against a common enemy 联合起来共同对敌./ˈbændeɪd; `bænded/ n [C, U] (US propr 专利名) type of sticking-plaster 一种橡皮膏.n machine-driven saw in the form of an endless belt 带锯（环形带状的机械锯）./ˈbændɪdʒ; `bændɪdʒ/ n strip of material used for binding round a wound or an injury 绷带（包扎伤口或患处的纱布带）.

v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (up) (with sth) wind a bandage round (a part of) sb 用绷带包扎某人（的身体部位）: bandage (up) a wound 用绷带包扎伤口 * a bandaged hand 扎了绷带的手./bænˈdænə; bæn`dænə/ n large handkerchief with coloured spots, usu worn round the neck 有彩色斑点的大围巾./ˈbændbɒks; `bændˌbɑks/ n light cardboard box for hats, etc 轻纸板盒（装帽子等）./ˈbændəʊ; <i>US</i> bænˈdəʊ; bæn`do/ n (pl -deaux/-dEUz; US  5dEUz; -`doz/) narrow band worn round the head by a woman to keep her hair in place （女用）束发带./ˈbændɪt; `bændɪt/ n member of a gang of armed robbers 土匪; 强盗: Buses driving through the mountains have been attacked by bandits. 驶经山区的公共汽车遭到匪徒袭击.n [U] activity of bandits 盗匪行径.n person who conducts a band(3a,b) （管）乐队指挥./ˌbændəˈlɪə(r); ˌbændə`lɪr/n shoulder-belt with pockets for bullets or cartridges （挎在肩上的）子弹带./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) person who plays in a band(3a) （管）乐队队员./ˈbændstænd; `bændˌstænd/ n covered platform for a band(3a) playing outdoors （室外有顶棚的）演奏台.n (idm 习语) climb/jump on the `bandwagon (infml 口) join others in doing sth fashionable or likely to be successful 赶浪头; 赶时髦; 随大溜./ˈbændɪ; `bændɪ/ v (pt, pp bandied)  1 (idm 习语) bandy `words (with sb) (dated 旧) exchange words, etc, esp when quarrelling 吵嘴; 顶嘴: Don't bandy words with me, young man! 别跟我强嘴, 小伙子!  2 (phr v) bandy sth about (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) pass on (a rumour, information, etc), often in a thoughtless way 传播（谣言、消息等）（常为漫不经心地）: The stories being bandied about are completely false. 这些道听途说的事全属子虚. * Her name is being bandied about as the next chairperson. 到处传说她将作下届主席.

/ˈbændɪ; `bændɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of the legs) curving outwards at the knees （指腿部）膝向外弯曲的.adj (of people or animals) having bandy legs （指人或动物）两腿向外弯曲, 罗圈腿的./beɪn; ben/ n (idm 习语) the bane of sb's existence/life cause of sb's ruin or trouble 某人罹祸或不幸的原因; 祸根: Those noisy neighbours are the bane of my life. 那些吵吵闹闹的邻居成了我生活中的一大忧患. * Drink was the bane of his existence. 他喝酒把自己毁了./-fʊl; -fəl/ adj evil or causing evil 有害的; 有毒的: a baneful influence 有害的影响. /-fʊlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./bæŋ; bæŋ/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] strike (sth) deliberately and violently, often in order to make a loud noise 故意猛砸（常为产生巨响）: He was banging on the door with his fist. 他用拳头砸门. * I banged the door. 我砰的一声关上了门. * She banged her fist on the table. 她用拳头猛捶桌子. * I banged the box down on the floor. 我砰的一声把盒子摔在地板上. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (down, to, etc) close with a loud noise 砰的一声关上: A door was banging somewhere, ie opening and closing noisily. 不知哪里有扇门砰砰作响（开门和关门的响声）. * Don't bang the door! 不要砰砰地关门! * He banged the lid down. 他把盖子砰的一声关上了.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] hit violently and often unintentionally 猛击（常为无心地）: She tripped and banged her knee on the desk. 她绊倒了, 膝盖猛磕在书桌上. (b) [Ipr] ~ into sb/sth collide with sb/sth violently 猛撞着某人[某物]: He ran round the corner and banged straight into a lamp-post. 他跑过拐角处时迎面撞在灯柱上.  3 [I, Ip] make a loud noise 发巨响: The fireworks banged impressively. 烟火响声震天.  4 (phr v) bang about/around move around noisily 发出响声地动来动去: We could hear the children banging about upstairs. 我们可以听见孩子们在楼上乒乒乓乓地跑来跑去. bang away (a) (infml 口) work hard, esp using a typewriter 努力工作（尤指打字）. (b) (sl 俚) have vigorous sexual intercourse 纵情性交. (c) (infml 口) fire continuously 不断射击: We were banging away at the enemy. 我们乒乒乓乓向敌人射击. * The guns banged away all day. 枪炮声整天响个不停.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Knock means hitting something with a clear, sharp sound. *knock意为敲击某物而发出清脆的声音. One may knock to signal one's presence to others 可用敲击发出的声音向别人表示有人在此: Can you go to the door? Someone's knocking. 你到门那儿去看看好吗? 有人敲门. *  He knocked at the window to be let in. 他敲敲窗户要进来. Knock can denote an accidental action which hurts or breaks something  *knock 可指意外的动作, 可造成伤痛或毁坏东西: I knocked my hand against the table. 我的手碰到桌子上了. *  I knocked the plate off the table with my elbow. 我的胳膊肘把盘子从桌上碰掉了.  2 Bump means hitting something by accident and with a dull sound  *bump 的意思是偶然地碰撞某物并发出低沉的声音: The bus bumped into the back of the car. 公共汽车砰的一声撞上了一辆汽车的後部. *  He ran round the corner and bumped into an old lady. 他跑过拐角处, 撞着了一个老太太. *  I bumped my head on the low beam. 我的头撞到低梁上了.  3 Bang suggests a harder blow and a louder sound. *bang 指撞击更重, 声音也更大. Banging may be intentional hitting, expressing anger or urgency 这种撞击可以是有意的, 表示气愤或着急: He banged his fist on the table to emphasize his argument. 他用拳头敲着桌子为自己的辩驳助威. *  He banged on the door until it was opened. 他砰砰地敲门, 直到把门敲开为止. Banging may also be accidental and painful 这种撞击也可以是意外的及产生痛苦的: I banged my elbow on the corner of the table. 我的胳膊肘撞着桌子角了.  4 Bash is informal and means breaking or injuring something or somebody by hitting hard  *bash 是口语用词, 意为猛力地撞毁某物或撞伤某人: The thieves bashed the woman over the head. 强盗猛击那女子的头部. *  The car bashed into the tree. 汽车猛力撞着一棵树.

/bæŋ; bæŋ/ n  1 violent blow 猛击; 猛撞: He fell and got a nasty bang on the head. 他跌了一跤, 头部磕得很重.  2 sudden loud noise 突然的巨响: She always shuts the door with a bang. 她关门时总是砰的一声. * The firework exploded with a loud bang. 烟火砰的一声爆开了.  3 (sl 俚) act of sexual intercourse 性交: have a quick bang 速决性交.  4 (idm 习语) go (off) with a `bang; US go over with a `bang (infml 口) (of a performance, etc) be successful （指演出等）取得成功.

interj (used to imitate a loud noise 用作模仿巨响的像声词): `Bang! Bang! You're dead!' shouted the small boy. ｀砰! 砰! 打死你了! 那小男孩嚷道.

/bæŋ; bæŋ/ adv (infml 口)  1 suddenly, violently or noisily; abruptly 突然地; 猛烈地; 发出响声地; 粗暴地: I tripped and fell bang on the floor. 我绊倒了, 重重地跌在地板上.  2 (a) exactly; precisely 恰好; 正好: bang in the middle of the performance 演出正进行到一半 * Your guess was bang on target. 你猜得对极了. (b) completely 完全地; 彻底地: This film is bang up to date. 这部影片是全新的.  3 (idm 习语) bang goes sth (infml 口) that is the (sudden) end of sth 为某事物的（突然的）结尾: Bang went his hopes of promotion. 他获得晋升的希望突然破灭了. be bang `on (sl 俚) be exactly right 恰到好处: Her criticisms were bang on every time. 她的批评每次都非常中肯. * Your budget figures were bang on this year. 你今年的预算数字十分准确. go `bang (infml 口) burst or explode with a loud noise 在一声巨响中爆裂或爆炸.

/bæŋ; bæŋ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (US) = fringe1./ˈbæŋə(r); `bæŋɚ/ n (Brit infml 口)  1 sausage 香肠.  2 firework made to explode with a loud noise 爆竹; 鞭炮.  3 noisy old car 噪声大的旧汽车./ˈbæŋgl; `bæŋˇl/ n large decorative ring worn round the arm or ankle 手镯; 脚镯./ˈbænɪən; `bænjən/ (also `banyan-tree) n Indian fig-tree whose branches come down to the ground and take root 榕树./ˈbænɪʃ; `bænɪʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sb (from sth) send sb away, esp out of the country, as a punishment 放逐某人（尤指驱逐出境, 作为惩罚）: He was banished (from his homeland) for life. 他被终生流放（他乡）.  2 ~ sth (from sth) drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) （自心中）排除（想法等）: banish fear 消除恐惧 * She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday (from her mind). 她（从心里）打消了过一个宁静假日的 想法.n [U] state or process of being banished 流放: lifelong banishment 终身流放./ˈbænɪstə(r); `bænɪstɚ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) handrail of a stair and the upright poles supporting it 楼梯的扶手及其支柱: children sliding down the banister(s) 沿楼梯扶手往下滑的孩子们. =>illus at staircase 见staircase之插图./ˈbændʒəʊ; `bændʒo/ n (pl ~s) stringed musical instrument with a long neck and a round body, played by plucking with the fingers 班卓琴（一种弦乐器, 长颈、圆身, 用手指弹拨）./bæŋk; bæŋk/ n  1 land sloping up along each side of a river or canal; ground near a river 河边的斜坡; 河边的土地; 河岸; 河畔: Can you jump over to the opposite bank? 你能跳到对岸吗? * My house is on the south bank (of the river). 我家座落在（河的）南岸. =>Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1.  2 sloping ground, often forming a border or division （通常为形成边界或分界线的）坡地: low banks of earth between rice-fields 稻田之间的地埂; 田埂 * flowers growing on the banks on each side of the country lanes 乡间小路两旁斜坡上长的花.  3 = sand (sandbank).  4 flat-topped mass of cloud, snow, etc, esp one formed by the wind 顶部平坦的云堆、雪堆等（尤指由风吹成的）: The sun went behind a bank of clouds. 太阳钻到云堆里去了.

/bæŋk; bæŋk/ v  1 [I] (of an aircraft, etc) travel with one side higher than the other, usu when turning （指飞机等）倾斜飞行（通常于转弯时）: The plane banked steeply to the left. 飞机陡然向左侧倾斜飞行.  2 (phr v) bank up rise in the form of banks1(4) 聚积成平顶状: The snow has banked up against the shed. 雪在小屋旁聚积起来. bank sth up (a) make sth into banks 使某物成堤状. (b) stop water of (a river, etc) from flowing by making a bank of earth, mud, etc （用泥土等）筑堤以堵截（河等的）流水: bank up a stream 筑堤以堵截水流. (c) heap coal-dust, etc on (the fire in a fireplace or furnace) so that the fire burns slowly for a long time （用煤灰等）封炉火.

/bæŋk; bæŋk/ n  1 establishment for keeping money, valuables, etc safely, the money being paid out on the customer's order (by means of cheques) 银行: have money in the bank, ie have savings 在银行中有存款 * [attrib 作定语] a `bank manager 银行经理 * a `bank account 银行帐户 * a `bank loan, ie money borrowed from a bank 银行贷款.  2 (in gambling) sum of money held by the keeper of a gaming table, from which he pays his losses （赌博）庄家的赌本.  3 store (of valuable things, information, etc) （贵重物品、信息等的）储库: build up a bank of useful addresses, references, information, etc 建立一个有用的地址、参考书目、信息等的储存库 * a `blood bank 血库 * a `data bank 数据库.  4 (idm 习语) ,break the `bank (a) (in gambling) win more money than is in the bank3(2) （赌博）赢的钱比庄家的赌本还要多. (b) (infml 口) cost more than one can afford 花费不起: Come on! One evening at the theatre won't break the bank. 得啦! 看一晚上戏不会倾家荡产的.

/bæŋk; bæŋk/ v  1 [Tn] place (money) in a bank 将（钱）存入银行: bank one's savings, takings, etc 把余钱、收入等存入银行.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) have an account (at a particular bank) （在某银行中）有帐户: Who do you bank with? 你在哪家银行存款? * Where do you bank? 你的钱存在哪家银行?  3 (phr v) bank on sb/sth base one's hopes on sb/sth 寄希望于某人[某事物]: I'm banking on your help/on you to help me. 我指望你的帮助[你来帮助我]. * He was banking on the train being on time. 他指望火车能正点.

/bæŋk; bæŋk/ n row or series of similar objects, eg in a machine （类似物件的）一排或一系列（如机器中的）: a bank of lights, switches, etc 一列灯、开关等 * a bank of cylinders in an engine 发动机中的一排汽缸 * a bank of oars 一排桨.amount of money credited to or owed by an individual bank account 银行存款余额.= cheque card (cheque).(document used for) the transferring of money from one bank to another 银行汇票; 银行之间的汇兑.1 (Brit) day (not a Saturday or a Sunday) on which banks are officially closed, usu a public holiday (eg Easter Monday, Christmas Day, etc) （星期六和星期日以外的）银行假日（通常为公众假日, 如复活节後的星期一、圣诞节等）.  2 (US) any weekday on which banks are closed, usu on special instructions from the Government （星期日以外的任何的）银行假日（通常为奉政府命令停止营业的）.minimum rate of interest in a country as fixed by a central bank or banks 银行贴现率（中央银行规定的全国最低利率）.printed record showing all the money paid into and out of a customer's bank account within a certain period 银行结单（显示某时期内储户存取款项的清单）.n book containing a record of a customer's bank account 银行存摺.n  1 owner, director or manager of a bank3(1) 银行的老板、董事长或经理.  2 (in gambling) person who holds the bank3(2) （赌博中的）庄家. ,banker's `order = standing order (standing).n [U] business of running a bank3(1) 银行业: choose banking as a career 选择银行业为职业 * She's in banking. 她在银行界任职.= note1./ˈbæŋkrʌpt; `bæŋkrʌpt/ n (law 律) person judged by a lawcourt to be unable to pay his debts in full, whose property is then taken by the court and used to repay his creditors 破产者.

adj  1 (a) (law 律) declared by a court to be a bankrupt 经法院宣判为破产的. (b) unable to pay one's debts 无力还债的: go/be bankrupt 破产.  2 ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) completely lacking (in sth that is good) 完全缺乏（某种良好事物）: bankrupt of ideas, moral scruples 毫无主意、道德上的约束 * a society that is morally bankrupt 道德沦丧的社会.

v [Tn] make (sb) bankrupt 使（某人）破产./ˈbæŋkrəpsɪ; `bæŋkrəpsɪ/ n (a) [U] state of being bankrupt 破产（的状况）: [attrib 作定语] in the bankruptcy court 在破产审理法庭. (b) [C] instance of this 破产: Ten bankruptcies were recorded in this town last year. 去年这个城镇有十起破产事件./ˈbænə(r); `bænɚ/ n  1 large strip of cloth showing an emblem or slogan, which is displayed or carried, usu on two poles, during eg political or religious processions （显示某种标志或口号的布制的）横幅（通常用两根竿子撑开或握举, 见于如政治或宗教的游行行列中）: The marchers carried banners with the words `No Nuclear Weapons' in large letters. 游行者打着横幅, 上有大字｀禁止使用核武器＇. =>illus at flag 见flag之插图.  2 (dated 旧) flag 旗帜: the banner of freedom 自由的旗帜.  3 [attrib 作定语] (US) excellent 极佳的: a banner year for exports 出口情况最好的一年.  4 (idm 习语) under the banner (of sth) claiming to support (a particular set of ideas) 声称拥护（某套主张）: She fought the election under the banner of equal rights. 她打着平等的旗号参加了竞选.large newspaper headline, often printed across a whole page （报纸的）大标题（常为通栏的）./bænz; bænz/ n [pl] public announcement in church that two people intend to marry each other （教堂里的）结婚预告: read/publish the banns 阅读[公布]结婚预告 * have one's banns called, ie have one's forthcoming marriage announced 请求公布结婚预告./ˈbæŋkwɪt; `bæŋkwɪt/ n elaborate formal meal, usu for a special event, at which speeches are often made 宴会, 盛宴（通常指为某事, 常有致辞）: a `wedding banquet 婚宴.

v  1 [Tn] give a banquet for (sb) 宴请（某人）.  2 [I] take part in a banquet 参加宴会./bænˈʃiː; <i>US</i> ˈbænʃiː; `bænʃi/ n (esp Irish 尤用于爱尔兰) female spirit with a distinctive wail, thought by some to warn of death in a house 报丧女妖（以特有的哭声预示某家有丧事）./ˈbæntəm; `bæntəm/ n type of small domestic fowl 矮脚鸡: [attrib 作定语] bantam cocks 矮脚公鸡./ˈbæntəmweɪt; `bæntəmˌwet/ n  1 boxer weighing between 51 and 53.5 kilograms, next above flyweight 最轻量级拳击手（体重在51和53.5公斤之间, 仅高于特轻量级）.  2 wrestler weighing between 52 and 57 kilograms 次轻量级摔跤运动员（体重在52和57公斤之间）./ˈbæntə(r); `bæntɚ/ n [U] playful, good-humoured teasing 打趣; 戏谑; 玩笑: players exchanging light-hearted banter with the crowd 跟观众开轻松玩笑的演员.

v [I] speak playfully or jokingly 打趣; 戏谑; 开玩笑. adj playfully teasing 开玩笑的: a bantering tone of voice 开玩笑的口气. adv./ˌbænˈtuː; <i>US</i> also ˈbɑːntuː; `bæn`tu, `bɑn`tu/ n the Bantu (also the Bantus) [pl] large group of related Negroid peoples of central and S Africa 班图人（非洲中部和南部人数众多的黑人部族）.

adj of these peoples or their languages 班图人的; 班图语的.= banian./ˈbeɪəbæb; <i>US</i> ˈbaʊbæb; `baᴜˌbæb/ n African tree with a very thick trunk and large fruit with edible pulp 猴面包树（产于非洲, 树干极粗, 果大, 果肉可供食用）.=> baptize/ˈbæptɪzəm; `bæptɪzəm/ n  1 (a) [U] ceremony marking a person's admission into the Christian Church either by dipping him in water or by sprinkling him with water, and often giving him a name or names 洗礼, 浸礼（基督教的入教仪式）. (b) [C] instance of this 洗礼; 浸礼: There were six baptisms at this church last week. 上星期这个教堂为六个人施行了洗礼.  2 (idm 习语) a,baptism of `fire (a) soldier's first experience of warfare战火的洗礼（指士兵初次上阵）. (b) introduction to an unpleasant experience 初次的不愉快经历: a young teacher facing her baptism of fire 面对初登讲台考验的年轻女教师./bæpˈtɪzməl; bæp`tɪzml/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or related to baptism 洗礼的; 与洗礼有关的: a baptismal name, font 洗礼名、洗礼盆 * baptismal water 洗礼水./ˈbæptɪst; `bæptɪst/ n, adj (member) of a Protestant Church that believes in baptism by immersion at an age when a person is old enough to understand what the ceremony means 浸礼会的; 浸礼会教徒./bæpˈtaɪz; bæp`taɪz/ v [Tn, Cn.n esp passive 尤用于被动语态]  1 give baptism to (sb); christen 为（某人）施洗礼; 洗礼时命名: She was baptized Mary. 她受洗礼时被命名为玛丽.  2 admit into a specified church by baptism 以洗礼方式使加入某教会: I was baptized a Catholic. 我曾受洗礼成为天主教徒. Cf 参看 christen./bɑː(r); bɑr/ n  1 [C] (a) piece of solid material 棒; 条: a long iron bar 长铁条 * a bar of chocolate, soap 一条巧克力、肥皂. (b) narrow piece of wood or metal placed (often parallel to others in a grid) as an obstacle in a doorway, window, etc, or to act as a grate in a fire, furnace, etc （门窗等的）闩或杠; （炉灶等的）格栅: There's a strong bar on the door. 门上有一个很坚固的闩. * They fitted bars to their windows to stop burglars getting in. 他们在窗户上加了窗条以防盗贼进入.  2 [C] narrow band (of colour, light, etc) （色、光等的）带, 条: At sunset, there was a bar of red across the western sky. 日落时, 西边天空有一道红晖.  3 [C] strip of metal across the ribbon of a military medal to show service in a particular area or an additional award of that medal 军功奖章绶带上面的金属横条, 表示曾在某地区服役或曾再次获得该奖章.  4 [C] (a) vertical line dividing printed music into sections of equal value in time 乐谱上划分各小节的垂直线; 小节线. (b) one of these sections and the notes in it 乐谱的一个小节: Hum the opening bars of your favourite tune. 哼一哼你喜爱的曲子的开头几个小节. =>illus at musical 见musical之插图.  5 [C] (a) bank or ridge of sand, etc across the mouth of a river or the entrance to a bay （河口或海湾入口处的）沙洲: The ship stuck fast on the bar. 那船牢牢地搁浅在沙洲上. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) thing that hinders or stops progress; barrier 影响或阻碍进步的事物; 障碍: Poor health may be a bar to success in life. 健康不佳可能成为人一生中取得成功的障碍.  6 [sing] barrier in a lawcourt separating the judge, prisoner, lawyers, etc from the spectators （法庭上将法官、囚犯、律师等与听众隔开的）围栏: the prisoner at the bar 受审讯的刑事被告 * (fig 比喻) She will be judged at the bar of public opinion. 她将受到舆论的制裁.  7 [sing] (a) (Brit) railing where non-members of Parliament stand when answering or addressing members （国会中非议员在接受议员的谘询时立于其後的）栏杆. (b) (US) similar place in the US Senate, House of Representatives, and State Legislatures （美国参议院、众议院以及

/bɑː(r); bɑr/ v (-rr-)  1 [Tn] fasten (a door, gate, etc) with a bar1(1b) or bars 闩上（门等）.  2 [Tn] obstruct (sth) so as to prevent progress 阻碍（某事物）: Soldiers barred the road so we had to turn back. 士兵挡住了去路, 我们只好折回. * (fig 比喻) Poverty bars the wayto progress. 贫穷妨碍了进步.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb from sth/doing sth prevent sb from using sth or from doing sth 阻止某人用某物; 阻止某人做某事: She was barred from (entering) the competition because of her age. 她因年龄的关系而被禁止（参加）比赛.  4 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) mark sth (with a stripe or stripes) 加条纹于某物: a sky barred with clouds 有一条条浮云的天空.  5 (phr v) bar sb in (sth)/out (of sth) keep sb from leaving or entering (a building, etc) by fastening the door, windows, etc with a bar or bars 把门、窗等闩上使某人无法出入于（建筑物等）: He barred himself in (the house). 他把自己关在屋里.

/bɑː(r); bɑr/ prep  1 except; not counting 除外; 不计: The whole class is here bar two that are ill. 除两人生病外, 全班都到齐了. Cf 参看 barring.  2 (idm 习语) bar none with no exception 无例外: That's the best meal I've ever had, bar none. 那是我吃过的最好的一顿饭菜, 无与伦比.

/bɑː(r); bɑr/ n unit of pressure used in meteorology 巴（气象学所用的压强单位）.indoor game like billiards in which balls are aimed at holes in the table 一种类似弹子戏的室内游戏（玩时将台上的球击入孔内）.graph on which bars of equal width but varying height are used to represent quantities 条形图（一种统计图表, 系以等宽而不等高的竖条表示数量）. =>illus at chart 见chart之插图.pattern of thick and thin parallel lines printed on goods in shops, etc and containing coded information for a computer 条形码（印在商品上的粗细不同的平行线条, 含有计算机使用的代码信息）./ˌbɑː ˈmɪtsvə; ˌbɑr `mɪtsvə/  1 Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13, when he assumes the religious responsibilities of an adult 年满13岁开始尽成年人之宗教义务的犹太男子.  2 ceremony at which he does this 犹太男子的成年礼./bɑːb; bɑrb/ n  1 point of an arrow, a fish-hook, etc curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out （箭、鱼钩等的）倒钩. =>illus at hook 见hook之插图.  2 (fig 比喻) hurtful remark 伤人的话: cruel barbs of ridicule 挖苦人的刺耳言语./bɑːˈbeərɪən; bɑr`bɛrɪən/ n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (person who is) primitive, coarse or cruel 野蛮的, 粗鲁的或残忍的（人）: barbarian tribes 原始部落 * football supporters acting like barbarians 足球场上举止粗野的呐喊助威者./bɑːˈbærɪk; bɑr`bærɪk/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) of or like barbarians; extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蛮人的; 野蛮的; 极其粗野、粗鲁、残忍或残暴的: barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蛮人的奇观、残忍、趣味. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.=> barbarize/ˈbɑːbərɪzəm; `bɑrbəˌrɪzəm/ n  1 [U] (derog 贬) state of being uncivilized, ignorant, or rude 未开化的、愚昧的或粗野的状态.  2 [U, C] (use of a) word or expression that is unacceptable, usu because it is foreign or vulgar 不规范的词语（通常因是外来语或鄙俗语）; 不规范词语的运用: teaching students to rid their writing of barbarisms 教学生在写作中避免使用不规范的词语./bɑːˈbærətɪ; bɑr`bærətɪ/ n (a) [U] savage cruelty 残酷; 残暴. (b) [C] instance of this 暴行: the barbarities of modern warfare 现代战争之残酷./ˈbɑːbəraɪz; `bɑrbəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] make (sb) barbarous 使（某人）野蛮; 使（某人）粗野./ˈbɑːbərəs; `bɑrbərəs/ adj (derog 贬)  1 unrefined in taste, habits, etc （趣味、习惯等）粗俗的: barbarous sounds 粗声粗气.  2 cruel or savage 残忍的; 残暴的: barbarous cruelty, treatment 残暴的行为、对待 * barbarous soldiers 残暴的士兵. adv. n [U]./ˈbɑːbɪkjuː; `bɑrbɪˌkju/ n  1 [C] metal frame for cooking meat, etc over an open fire （在篝火上烤肉等用的）金属烤架.  2 [C] outdoor party at which food is cooked in this way and eaten （吃烤肉等的）野餐.  3 [U] food cooked in this way 烤的食物.

v [Tn] cook (meat, etc) on a barbecue 在烤架上烤（肉等）: barbecued chicken 烤鸡.adj having a barb or barbs 有倒钩的; 有倒刺的: a barbed hook 带倒钩的钩子 * (fig 比喻) barbed comments 刺人的话. barbed wire wire with short sharp points along it, used for fences, etc 刺钢丝（用作铁丝网等）: The barbed wire fence round the perimeter discouraged intruders. 周围有铁丝网阻止了外人闯入./ˈbɑːbə(r); `bɑrbɚ/ n person whose trade is cutting men's hair and shaving them （给男子剪发和刮胡子的）理发师: I'm going to the barber's (shop) to get my hair cut. 我要去理发店理发. Cf 参看 hairdresser (hair).pole with red and white spiral stripes, used as a barber's sign 理发店旋转立柱（上有红白螺旋条纹, 用作理发店的标志）.n (US) place where a barber works 理发店.  adj [attrib 作定语] (US) of a type of music for four unaccompanied male voices singing in close harmony 男声四重唱的: a barber-shop quartet 男声四重唱./bɑːˈbɪtjʊrət; ˌbɑr`bɪtjᴜrət/ n any of a group of sedative drugs 巴比土酸盐（一种镇静剂）: He died from an overdose of barbiturates. 他因服用过量巴比土而死亡. * [attrib 作定语] barbiturate poisoning 巴比土中毒./ˌbɑːkəˈrəʊl, -ˈrɒl; `bɑrkəˌrol/ n piece of music, esp for the piano, with a steady lilting rhythm 船歌（一种乐曲, 尤指一种节奏徐缓轻快活泼的钢琴曲）./bɑːd; bɑrd/ n  1 (esp Celtic) minstrel （尤指凯尔特民族的）吟游诗人.  2 (arch 古) poet 诗人: the Bard (of Avon), ie Shakespeare 莎士比亚的别称. adj./beə(r); bɛr/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) without clothing 裸露的: bare legs 光腿 * bare to the waist, ie wearing no clothes above the waist 裸露上身. (b) without the usual covering or protection 缺少遮盖的; 没有保护的: bare floors, ie without carpets, rugs, etc 光地板（无地毯等的） * a bare hillside, ie one without shrubs or trees 光秃的山坡（没有树木的山坡） * trees that are already bare, ie that have already lost their leaves 光秃了的树木（树叶已落光的） * with his head bare, ie not wearing a hat 他光着头（未戴帽） * with one's bare hands, ie without tools or weapons 赤手（未带工具或武器）.  2 ~ (of sth) empty or almost empty (of the expected contents) （指不该空者）空的, 几乎空了的: a room bare of furniture 空无家具的房间 * a larder bare of food 空空如也的食品柜 * bare shelves 空无一物的架子.  3 [attrib 作定语] only just sufficient; basic 仅够的; 基本的: the bare necessities of life, ie things needed merely to stay alive 最低限度的生活必需品 * a bare majority, ie a very small one 勉强超过半数 * the bare facts, ie without any additional comment or detail 事实真相（无评论或细节）.  4 (idm 习语) the bare `bones (of sth) main or basic facts (of some matter or situation) （某事或某情况的）梗概, 概要. lay sth `bare expose or make known sth secret or hidden 揭露; 揭发: lay bare the truth, sb's treachery, a plot 揭露真相、某人的背叛行为、阴谋.

/beə(r); bɛr/ v  1 [Tn] uncover (sth); reveal 使（某物）裸露出来; 揭开: bare one's chest 袒胸 * He bared his head (ie took off his hat to show respect) as the funeral procession passed. 送葬行列走过时他脱帽致敬. * bare the end of a wire, ie strip off the covering of rubber, etc before making an electrical connection 剥开电线的端部（剥去包覆的橡皮等以便接线）.  2 (idm 习语) bare its `teeth (of an animal) show its teeth when angry （指动物）龇牙咧嘴（发怒时）. bare one's `heart/`soul (to sb) (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) make known one's deepest feelings 披露心事; 诉说衷肠.adj, adv on a horse without a saddle 不用马鞍（的）: a bareback rider 不用马鞍的骑手 * ride bareback 骑马不用马鞍.adj [attrib 作定语] impudent; shameless 厚颜无耻的; 不要脸的: a barefaced lie 无耻的谎言 * It's barefaced robbery asking such a high price for that old bicycle! 那辆旧自行车要价如此之高真是无耻的敲诈.adj, adv without shoes or stockings 赤脚（的）: children running barefoot in the sand 光着脚在沙地上跑的孩子们.adj, adv not wearing a hat 光着头（的）; 不戴帽（的）./-ˈlegd, -ˈlegɪd; -`lɛˇd/ adj, adv wearing nothing on one's legs 光着腿（的）.adv  1 only just; scarcely 仅够; 几乎没有: We barely had time to catch the train. 我们几乎来不及赶火车. * He can barely read or write. 他勉强识字.  2 in a bare way 赤裸裸地; 光秃秃地; 空空地: The room was barely furnished, ie had little furniture in it. 室内几乎没有陈设可言.n [U]./ˈbɑːgɪn; `bɑrˇɪn/ n  1 agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other 协议（双方或各方约定彼此要为对方做的事项）: If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报. * The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week. 他们与雇主达成的协议是他们在工资方面降低要求, 但每周工时要缩短.  2 thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 廉价购买或廉价出售之物: It's a bargain, ie It is very good value for money. 这可是便宜货 * [attrib 作定语] a bargain price, ie a low price 廉价.  3 (idm 习语) a bad `bargain (a) agreement that is more beneficial to the other side(s) than to oneself 对方占便宜的协议; 吃亏的交易. (b) thing bought because it was thought cheap but which one later regrets buying 後悔当初不该买的便宜货. drive a hard bargain => drive1. a good `bargain (a) agreement that is more beneficial to oneself than to the other side(s) 自己占便宜的协议; 上算的交易: You've got a good bargain there. 你做了一笔很上算的交易. (b) thing, usu valuable, bought at a very low price 以极其便宜的价格购得之物（通常指值钱的物品）. into the `bargain; US also in the `bargain (infml 口) in addition; moreover 加之; 此外: She was a distinguished scientist  and a gifted painter into the bargain. 她是一位杰出的科学家--同时还是一位很有才华的画家呢.  strike a bargain => strike2.

/ˈbɑːgɪn; `bɑrˇɪn/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over/for sth) discuss (with sb) prices, terms of trade, etc with the aim of buying or selling goods, or changing conditions, on terms that are favourable to oneself （与某人）讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件; 谈判: Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain. 千万不要照牌价购买汽车, 总得讲讲价才是. * Dealers bargain with growers over the price of coffee. 商人与种植者就咖啡的价格进行商洽. * The unions bargained (with management) for a shorter working week. 工会为缩短工作周而（与资方）讨价还价.  2 (phr v) bargain sth away give sth away (esp sth valuable in exchange for sth less so) 牺牲某物（尤指以贵物交换贱物）: The leaders bargained away the freedom of their people. 领导人拿人民的自由来做交易. bargain for sth; bargain on sth (infml 口) (often negative 常用于否定式) expect; be prepared for 预料; 有备于: The exam was more difficult than I had bargained for. 这次考试之难出乎我的意料之外. * Tom didn't bargain on his wife returning so soon. 汤姆没有想到他妻子会回来得这么快. * When the politician agreed to answer questions on television, he got more than he had bargained for, ie was unpleasantly surprised at the consequences. 这个政客同意在电视上公开回答问题, 不料竟弄巧成拙（其後果使他感到愕然）.part of a store where goods are offered for sale at reduced prices （商店的）廉价品柜台, 廉价部.n person looking for goods at very low prices 专拣便宜货的人./ˈbɑːgɪnɪŋ; `bɑrˇɪnɪŋ/ n [U] discussion of prices, terms of trade, etc 讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件等: After much hard bargaining we reached an agreement. 经过激烈的讨价还价, 我们终于达成了协议.special advantage that can be used to outweigh an advantage possessed by an opponent 特殊的、足以压倒对方的优势: Ownership of the land gives us a strong bargaining counter. 领有这片土地使我们在谈判中处于优势.position, favourable or unfavourable,reached when bargaining 讨价还价时所达到的有利或不利的地位: We're now in a rather poor bargaining position. 我们现在所处的谈判地位不太有利./bɑːdʒ; bɑrdʒ/ n  1 large flat-bottomed boat for carrying goods and people on rivers, canals, etc 驳船（河流、运河等中载运客货的大型平底船）.  2 large ornamental rowing-boat for ceremonial occasions （举行庆典时使用的）大型彩饰划艇, 画舫.

/bɑːdʒ; bɑrdʒ/ v (infml 口)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] rush or bump heavily and clumsily 鲁莽而大力地冲撞: Stop barging (into people)! 别撞（人）! * He barged past me in the queue. 我在排队时他在我面前硬挤过去了.  2 (phr v) barge about move about heavily and clumsily 到处乱闯. barge in/into sth enter or interrupt sth rudely or clumsily 蛮不讲理地闯入或打扰某事物: I tried to stop him coming through the door but he just barged (his way) in. 我想拦住他, 不让他进门, 可是他硬闯进来了. * Don't barge into the conversation. 别插嘴.n  1 long pole used for guiding a barge 驳船上用的撑篙.  2 (idm 习语) not touch sb/sth with a barge-pole => touch2./bɑːˈdʒiː; ˌbɑr`dʒi/ n (Brit) (US bargeman)(a) person in charge of a barge 驳船或大划艇上撑船的人. (b) member of a barge's crew 驳船或大划艇的船夫./ˈbærɪtəʊn; `bærəˌton/ n (music 音)  1 male voice between tenor and bass 男中音.  2 singer with such a voice 男中音歌手: [attrib 作定语] a baritone aria 男中音独唱曲./ˈbeərɪəm; `bɛrɪəm/ n [U] chemical element, a soft silvery-white metal the compounds of which are used in industry 钡. =>App 10 见附录10.chemical substance, opaque to X-rays, that is taken in to a patient's digestive tract, usu by swallowing, before the tract is X-rayed 钡餐./bɑːk; bɑrk/ n [U, C] tough outer covering of tree trunks and branches 树皮.

v [Tn]  1 remove the bark from (a tree) 剥去（某棵树的）树皮.  2 accidentally scrape the skin off (one's knuckles, knees, etc) 不慎擦破（指节、膝盖等的）皮肤: He barked his shins (by falling) against some stone steps. 他在石头台阶上（跌倒了,）擦破了小腿的皮.

/bɑːk; bɑrk/ n  1 (a) sharp harsh sound made by dogs and foxes 犬吠声; 狐狸的　叫声. (b) (fig 比喻) any similar sound, eg the sound of gunfire or of a cough 任何似犬狐叫的声音（如枪击声或咳嗽声）.  2 (idm 习语) sb's bark is worse than his bite (infml 口) though sb often sounds angry, fierce, etc, in fact he rarely carries out his threats 虽然某人嘴很厉害, 但心并不坏.

v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of dogs, etc) give a bark or barks （指狗等）吠叫: Our dog always barks at strangers. 我们的狗一见生人就叫. (b) [I] (fig 比喻) (of people coughing, guns, etc) make a similar sound （指人的咳嗽、枪击等）发出似犬吠的声音.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (at sb); ~ sth (out) say (sth) in a sharp harsh voice 以尖锐或咆哮的声音说出（某事）: When she's angry, she often barks at the children. 她生气时, 常呵斥孩子. * The sergeant barked (out) an order. 那个士官大声发出命令.  3 (idm 习语) bark up the wrong `tree (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) be mistaken about sth 把某事物搞错了; 错怪了人: If you think that, you're barking up the wrong tree altogether. 你要是那样想, 你就大错特错了./ˈbɑːkə(r); `bɑrkɚ/ n (infml 口) person who stands by a stall at a fair, a market, an auction, etc and shouts loudly to attract customers （在集市、市场、拍卖场所等处站在货摊旁）大声叫卖的贩子./ˈbɑːlɪ; `bɑrlɪ/ n [U] (grass-like plant producing) grain used for food and for making beer and whisky 大麦; 大麦粒. =>illus at cereal 见cereal之插图.hard clear sweet2(1) made from boiled sugar 大麦糖（糖溶化後制成的一种硬而透明的糖果）.(Brit) drink, sometimes flavoured, made by boiling barley in water and then straining it 大麦汁（将大麦用水煮後过滤而制成的饮料, 有时加入调料）: lemon barley water 柠檬大麦汁.n [U] grain of barley 大麦粒.n woman who serves drinks, etc at a bar 酒吧间女服务员./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) man who serves drinks, etc at a bar 酒吧间男服务员./ˈbɑːmɪ; `bɑrmɪ/ (also esp US balmy) adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) foolish; crazy 愚蠢的; 疯狂的./bɑːn; bɑrn/ n  1 simple building for storing hay, grain, etc on a farm （农场里储存乾草、谷物等的）仓房.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) any unattractive large building 不顺眼的大建筑物: They live in that great barn of a house. 他们住在那所简陋的大房子里.  3 (US) (a) building for sheltering farm animals, eg cows or horses 牲口棚舍（如牛栏或马厩）. (b) building for a fleet of buses, vans, etc （公共汽车、货车等的）车库.1 type of traditional country dance 谷仓舞（一种传统的乡村舞蹈）.  2 informal social occasion at which such dances are performed 谷仓舞会.n type of owl that often nests in barns and other buildings 仓枭 （一种常在谷仓及其他建筑物上筑巢的猫头鹰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv./ˈbɑːnəkl; `bɑrnəkl/ n small shellfish that attaches itself to objects under water, eg rocks or the bottoms of ships 藤壶（附着于水下物体如岩石或船底的小甲壳动物）: (fig 比喻) He clung to his mother like a barnacle, ie followed her closely everywhere. 他形影不离地跟着母亲./ˈbɑːnstɔːm; `bɑrnˌstɔrm/ v [I] (US) travel quickly through rural areas making political speeches, presenting plays, etc 下乡作巡回政治演说; 下乡作巡回演出. n.n area on a farm around a barn 农场谷仓周围的空地./bəˈrɒmɪtə(r); bə`rɑmətɚ/ n  1 instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, used esp for forecasting the weather 气压计, 睛雨表（尤用以预报天气）: The barometer is falling, ie Wet weather is indicated. 气压计在下降（表示天气潮湿）.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that indicates changes (in public opinion, market prices, sb's mood, etc) 显示（舆论、物价、人的情绪等的）变化的事物: a reliable barometer of public feeling 反映公众情绪的可靠的标志. /ˌbrə-ˈmetrɪk; ˌbærə`mɛtrɪk/ adj: barometric pressure 大气压./ˈbærən; `bærən/ n  1 member of the lowest rank of the British peerage (called Lord X) or of non-British nobility (called Baron Y) 男爵（英国贵族的最低一级成员, 称为 Lord X; 非英国贵族的此一级成员, 称为 Baron Y）.  2 powerful and wealthy leader of industry 工业巨头: a `press baron 报业大王 * `oil barons 石油大王./ˈbærənɪs, also ˌbærəˈnes; `bærənɪs/ n  1 woman holding the rank of baron in her own right 女男爵.  2 wife of a baron 男爵夫人./ˈbærənɪt; `bærənɪt/ n (abbrs 缩写 Bart, Bt) member of the lowest hereditary titled order in Britain below a baron but above a knight 准男爵（英国世袭爵位中最低等级的受勋者, 地位在男爵之下爵士之上）: Sir John Williams, Bart 约翰·威廉斯准男爵./ˈbærənɪtsɪ; `bærənɪtsɪ/ n rank or title of a baronet 准男爵的爵位或头衔./bəˈrəʊnɪəl; bə`ronɪəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or suitable for a baron 男爵的; 适合男爵身分的./bəˈrɒk; <i>US</i> bəˈrəʊk; bə`rok/ adj, n (of the) highly ornate style fashionable in the arts (esp architecture) in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries 巴罗克风格, 巴罗克风格的（十七八世纪欧洲时兴的高度华丽的艺术风格, 尤指建筑方面）./bɑːk; bɑrk/ n sailing-ship with 3, 4 or 5 masts and sails （三桅、四桅或五桅的）帆船./ˈbærək; `bærək/ v [I, Tn] (Brit or Austral infml 英或澳, 口) shout protests or jeer at (players in a game, speakers, performers, etc) 向（比赛者、演讲者、表演者等）喝倒采, 发出嘘声: The crowd started barracking (the slow rate of play). 群众（对比赛的速度之慢）喝起了倒采.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) of a barracks 兵营的: barrack-square, ie ground near a barracks where soldiers are drilled.n [C, U] noisy protest by an audience or spectators 听众或观众的鼓噪抗议: The crowd gave the visiting politician quite a barracking. 群众对这位来访的政客鼓噪抗议./ˈbærəks; `bærəks/ n  1 [sing or pl v] large building or group of buildings for soldiers to live in 兵营; 营房: As punishment, the men were confined to barracks. 士兵受罚, 不准离开营房. * There used to be a barracks in this town. 这个城里过去曾设有兵营.  2 [sing v] (fig infml 比喻, 口) any large ugly building 不雅观的大建筑物: Their house was a great barracks of a place. 他们住的是个简陋的大房子./ˌbærəˈkuːdə; ˌbærə`kudə/ n large fierce Caribbean fish 梭子鱼（产于加勒比海的凶猛大鱼）./ˈbærɑːʒ; <i>US</i> bəˈrɑːʒ; bə`rɑʒ/ n  1 barrier built across a river to store water for irrigation, prevent flooding, etc 堰; 拦河坝.  2 (a) heavy continuous gunfire directed onto a particular area to restrict enemy movement 弹幕; 火力网: lay down a barrage 布设火力网. (b) (fig 比喻) large number (of questions, criticisms, etc) delivered quickly, one after the other 连珠炮似的一大堆（问题、批评等）: face a barrage of angry complaints 面对一连串愤怒的投诉./ˈbærəl; `bærəl/ n  1 (a) large round container with flat ends and bulging in the middle, made of wood, metal or plastic 桶; 琵琶桶. =>illus 见插图. (b) amount that a barrel contains 一桶的量.  2 long metal tube forming part of sth, esp a gun or a pen （物体某部的）金属管（尤指枪管或笔管）. =>illus at gun 见gun之插图.  3 (idm 习语) lock, stock and barrel => lock2. (get/have sb) over a barrel (infml 口) (have sb) at one's mercy; in a helpless position （使某人）听从摆布; 束手无策. scrape the barrel => scrape1.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] put (sth) in a barrel or barrels 将（某物）装入桶中.n mechanical instrument from which music is produced by turning a handle, usu played in the streets for money 手摇风琴./ˈbærən; `bærən/ adj  1 (of land) not good enough to produce crops （指土地）贫瘠的.  2 (of plants or trees) not producing fruit or seeds （指花草或树木）不结果的, 不结实的.  3 (dated or fml 旧或文) (of women or female animals) unable to bear young （指妇女或雌性动物）, .  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) without value, interest or result 无价值、趣味或结果的: a barren discussion 毫无意义的讨论. /ˈbrənnɪs; `bærənnɪs/ n [U]./ˌbærɪˈkeɪd; ˌbærə`ked/ n barrier hastily built as a defence or an obstacle 匆匆设置的壁垒或路障: The soldiers stormed the barricades erected by the rioting crowd. 士兵们向暴乱分子设置的街垒发起了猛攻.

v (phr v) barricade sb in (sth)/out (of sth) keep sb in/out by making a barricade 设障碍物使某人不得进入[外出]: They barricaded themselves in (their rooms). 他们把自己关在（自己的屋子）里面. barricade sth off block (eg a street) with a barricade 用障碍物封锁（例如一条街）: The police barricaded off the entrance to the square. 警方在广场的入口处设置了路障./ˈbærɪə(r); `bærɪɚ/ n  1 (a) thing that prevents or controls progress or movement 阻碍进步或控制活动的事物: The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier between North and Central Africa. 撒哈拉沙漠是北非与中非之间的天然屏障. * Show your ticket at the barrier. 请在检票处出示票以备查验. (b) (fig 比喻) hindrance 障碍; 妨碍: Poor health may be a barrier to success. 健康欠佳可能成为取得成功的障碍.  2 thing that keeps people apart 使人隔离的事物: barriers of race and religion 种族和宗教的鸿沟 * the language barrier 语言的隔阂.cream used for protecting skin from damage or infection 护肤脂（用以防止皮肤受损伤或受感染）.coral reef separated from land by a channel 堡礁, 堤礁./ˈbɑːrɪŋ; `bɑrɪŋ/ prep not including or allowing for (sth); if there is/are not 如果没有　某事物　: Barring accidents, we should arrive on time. 倘无意外, 我们应准时到达. Cf 参看 bar3 1./ˈbærɪstə(r); `bærɪstɚ/ n (in English law) lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts （英国法律中）（有权在高等法院出庭辩论的）律师; 讼务律师. Cf 参看 advocate n 2, solicitor 1./ˈbærəʊ; `bæro/ n  1 = wheelbarrow (wheel).  2 small cart with two wheels, pulled or pushed by hand 两轮手推车.

/ˈbærəʊ; `bæro/ n mound built over a burial place in prehistoric times 史前时期的古坟; 古墓. Cf 参看 tumulus.person who sells things from a barrow in the street 街头推车小贩./bɑːt; bɑrt/ abbr 缩写 = Baronet.n (esp US) = barman./ˈbɑːtə(r); `bɑrtɚ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (away) exchange (goods, property, etc) for other goods, etc without using money 以（货物、财产等）交换其他货物等（不使用货币）: barter wheat for machinery 以小麦换机器 * (fig 比喻) barter away one's rights, honour, freedom 出卖自己的权利、荣誉、自由.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for sth) trade by exchanging sth for sth else without using money 进行易货贸易; 以货易货; 作物物交换: The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for their freedom. 囚犯企图跟看守做换取自由的交易.

n [U] exchange of goods for other goods without using money 易货贸易; 以货易货; 物物交换: On these islands a system of barter is used. 在这些岛上仍然实行着物物交换的制度./ˌbæs rɪˈliːf, also ˈbɑː rɪliːf; ˌbæsrɪ`lif/ n (a) [U] form of sculpture or carving in which a figure or design projects only slightly from its background （人像或图样略微凸出于平面的）半浮雕, 浅浮雕. (b) [C] example of this 浅浮雕品./ˈbæsɔːlt; <i>US</i> ˈbeɪsɔːlt, bəˈsɔːlt; `besɔlt, bə`sɔlt/ n [U] type of dark rock of volcanic origin 玄武岩./beɪs; bes/ n  1 (a) lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported （某物的）底部; （尤指）底座, 基底: the base of a pillar, column, etc 柱基等. (b) (geometry 几) line or surface on which a figure stands 底边; 底面: the base of a triangle, pyramid, etc 三角形的底边、角锥体的底面等. (c) (fig 比喻) starting-point; underlying principle 起点; 基本原则: She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的蓝本. * His arguments had a sound economic base. 他的立论在经济方面是有充分根据的.  2 (chemistry 化) substance (eg an alkali) capable of combining with an acid to form a salt 可与酸化合成盐的物质（如硷）; 盐基.  3 main part or ingredient to which other things are added 混合配料的主要成分: a drink with a rum base 以朗姆酒为主要成分的饮料 * Some paints have an oil base. 有些颜料是以油脂作为主要成分. * Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up. 使用化妆品之前先用点润肤脂打底.  4 place at which armed forces, expeditions, etc have their stores （军队、探险队等的）基地, 根据地: a `naval base 海军基地 * an `air base 空军基地 * [attrib 作定语] a base camp, eg for a mountaineering expedition 大本营（如为登山队所建者） * establish, set up a base 建立、设立根据地.  5 (mathematics 数) number on which a numerical system is built up, eg 10 in the decimal system, 2 in the binary system 基数（如十进制系统以10为基数, 二进制系统以2为基数）.  6 (in baseball) each of the four positions to be reached by a runner （棒球）垒. =>illus at baseball 见baseball之插图.  7 (idm 习语) not get to first base => first base (first1). off base (US infml 口) (a) mistaken 错误的: You're a bit off base there. 你在那个地方有点不对头. (b) unprepared 毫无准备的: Her reply caught him off base. 她的答覆使他不知所措.

/beɪs; bes/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sth use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else 以某事物为另一事物的根据、证据等: I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday. 我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上. * This novel is based on historical facts. 这部小说是以历史事实为根据的. * Direct taxation is usually based on income, ie A person's income is used to calculate the amount of tax he has to pay. 直接税通常以收入为依据（根据个人收入计算出应交税款的数额）.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb in/at... place sb in (a place from which to work and travel) 把某人安置在（某地进行工作和活动）: Where are you based now? 现在把你安置在哪里工作了? * Most of our staff are based in Cairo. 我们大部分工作人员都驻在开罗.

/beɪs; bes/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (fml derog 文, 贬) dishonourable; despicable 不光彩的; 卑鄙的: acting from base motives 从卑鄙动机出发的行动.  2 not pure 不纯的: base coin 搀有贱金属的硬币.  3 low in value 不值钱的: base metal 贱金属.(finance 财) interest rate used by individual banks as a basis for fixing their interest rates for borrowers and investors 基本利率（银行各自使用的利率, 据此而定出适用于贷款者和投资者的利率）./ˈbeɪsbɔːl; `besˌbɔl/ n [U] game popular in the USA, played with a bat and ball by two teams of nine players each on a field with four bases (base1 6) 棒球运动: [attrib 作定语] a baseball pitch 棒球投掷. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 rounders.n (US) = skirt (skirting-board). `base hit (also single) (in baseball) hit that enables a batter to reach first base （棒球）安全打（使击球手能上第一垒的击球）.adj without cause or foundation 无原因的; 无根据的: baseless fears, rumours, suspicions 无根据的恐慌、谣言、怀疑.n (sport 体) line marking each end of the court in tennis or the boundary of the running track in baseball （网球场的）底线; （棒球场的）垒线. =>illus at tennis 见tennis之插图.adv in a base3(1) manner 卑鄙地. /ˈbeɪsmənt; `besmənt/ n lowest room or rooms in a building, partly or wholly below ground level 地下室.n [U] state of being base3(1) 卑鄙.1 pl of basis.  2 pl of base1./bæʃ; bæʃ/ v (infml 口)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] strike (sb/sth) heavily so as to break or injure 猛击（某人[某物]）: bash sb on the head with a club 用棍棒猛击某人头部.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) against/into sb/sth (cause sth to) collide violently with sb/sth （使某物）猛撞某人[某物]: He tripped and bashed his head against the railing. 他跌了一跤, 头部撞在栏杆上了.  3 (phr v) bash ahead/away/on (with sth) continue doing sth quickly and enthusiastically, but not carefully 勤快地做着某事（但不细心）. bash sth in/down cause sth to collapse inwards by striking it violently 猛击某物使之向内塌陷: bash in the lid of a box 砸瘪盒盖 * They bashed the door down. 他们砸倒了房门. bash sb up (Brit infml 口) treat sb violently 以暴力对待某人: He was bashed up in the playground by some older boys. 有几个年龄较大的男孩子在操场上对他动武.

n  1 (infml 口) violent blow 猛烈的打击: give sb a bash on the nose 照着某人的鼻子狠狠一击.  2 (idm 习语) have a bash (at sth) (infml 口) attempt sth (usu sth previously untried) 尝试做某事（通常为以往不曾试过的）: I've never tried water-skiing before, but I'd love to have a bash at it. 我以前从未做过滑水运动, 但是我倒愿意试一试./ˈbæʃfl; `bæʃfəl/ adj shy and self-conscious 害羞的; 难为情的. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U].n [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) violent attack (often on members of specific groups) 猛烈的攻击（通常施加于一定团体的成员）: union-bashing, ie the practice of trying to discredit a trade union by fierce criticism, etc 对工会的猛烈攻击（指企图以激烈的攻击性言论等破坏工会名声的行动） * give sb a bashing 给某人一顿痛打. =>Usage at bang1 用法见 bang1./ˈbeɪsɪk; `besɪk/ adj  1 ~ (to sth) forming a base or starting-point; fundamental 基本的; 根本的; 基础的: argue from basic principles 从基本原则出发的争论 * the basic vocabulary of a language, ie those words that must be learnt 一种语言的基本词汇（即必须掌握的语词） * These facts are basic to an understanding of the case. 这些事实是了解这一案件的重要依据.  2 simplest or lowest in level; standard 初级的; 基本的; 标准的: basic pay, ie without extras such as overtime payments 基本工资（不包括超时费等额外收入） * our basic requirements 我们的基本需求 * My knowledge of physics is pretty basic, ie is only at the elementary level. 我的物理知识相当浮浅./ˈbeɪsɪk; `besɪk/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) beginners' all-purpose symbolic instruction code, a simple programming language 初学者通用符号指令代码（一种简单的程序设计语言）.fertilizer containing phosphates obtained during the manufacture of steel 硷性炉渣（一种含磷酸盐的肥料, 为炼钢的副产品）./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv with reference to essential matters (which are often seen as different from what is superficially apparent); fundamentally 基本上; 根本上; 本质上: Despite her criticisms, she is basically very fond of you. 别看她批评你, 她其实很喜欢你. * Basically I agree with your proposals, but there are a few small points I'd like to discuss. 我基本上同意你的建议, 但是有几个小问题有待商榷.n [pl] essential matters 实质性的东西: Let's stop chatting and get down to basics, ie concentrate on important matters. 我们别再闲聊了, 静下心来干些要紧的事吧./ˈbæzl; `bæzl/ n [U] sweet-smelling herb used in cooking 罗勒（芳香的草本植物, 用于烹调）./bəˈzɪlɪkə; bə`zɪlɪkə/ n (architecture 建) large oblong-shaped church or hall with a double row of columns inside and an apse at one end 长方形的大教堂或大会堂（内有两行圆柱, 一端有半圆形殿堂）: the Basilica of St Peter's in Rome 罗马的圣彼得大教堂./ˈbæzɪlɪsk; `bæsəˌlɪsk/ n  1 small tropical American lizard （热带美洲的）小蜥蜴.  2 mythical reptile said to be able to cause death by its look or breath （神话中的）蛇怪（传说其目光或气息可致命）./ˈbeɪsn; `besn/ n  1 = wash-basin (wash).  2 round open bowl for holding liquids or for preparing food in 盆. =>illus at bucket 见bucket之插图.  3 hollow place where water collects (eg a stone structure at the base of a fountain) 水洼; 水槽; 水池（如喷泉下方之石结构盛水池）.  4 deep, almost land-locked, harbour 几乎全部被陆地围绕的深港; 内湾: a yacht basin 游艇的小港湾.  5 depression in the earth's surface; round valley 洼地; 盆地: The village lay in a peaceful basin surrounded by hills. 那村庄座落在平静的山坳里.  6 area of land drained by a river 流域: the Thames basin 泰晤士河流域./-fʊl; -fᴜl/ n amount that a basin contains 一盆的量: two basinfuls of water 两盆水./ˈbeɪsɪs; `besɪs/ n (pl bases/ 5beIsi:z; `besiz/)  1 main principle that underlies sth; foundation 构成某事物的主要原则; 基础: the basis of morality, friendship, etc 道德、友谊等的基础 * arguments that have a firm basis, ie that are founded on facts 有坚实基础（有事实根据）的论据 * Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis. 工资是以周为计算基准的.  2 starting-point for a discussion 讨论的出发点: No basis for negotiations has been agreed upon. 谈判以什么为中心议题尚未取得一致意见. * This agenda will form the basis of our next meeting. 本议程将成为下次会议的中心议题./bɑːsk; <i>US</i> bæsk; bæsk/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) sit or lie enjoying warmth 坐着或躺着取暖: basking in the sunshine, by the fire, on the beach 在阳光下、火炉旁、海滩上取暖 * (fig 比喻) basking in sb's favour, approval, etc 受某人的恩惠、嘉许等./ˈbɑːskɪt; <i>US</i> ˈbæskɪt; `bæskɪt/ n  1 (a) container, usu made of material that bends and twists easily (eg reed, cane, wire), with or without a handle 篮, 篓, 筐（通常用易于编织的材料如芦苇杆、藤子、金属丝等制成, 可有柄或无柄）: a `shopping basket 购物篮子 * a `clothes basket 衣筐 * a ,waste-`paper basket 字纸篓. (b) amount that a basket contains 一篮、篓或筐的量: They picked three baskets of apples. 他们摘了三筐苹果.  2 (idm 习语) put all one's eggs in/into one basket => egg1. /ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl; <i>US</i> ˈbæs-; `bæskɪtˌbɔl/ n [U] game played by two teams of five players in which goals are scored by throwing a large ball into an open-ended net fixed high on a hoop at the opponents' end of the court 篮球赛. =>App 4 见附录4./-fʊl; -fᴜl/ n = basket 1b.n [U] (a) art of weaving material in the style of a basket 编篮筐的技艺. (b) material woven in this way 编成篮筐的材料: a fine piece of basketwork 精美的篮筐编织品./ˈbæs; bæs/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 basses) any of several freshwater or sea fish of the perch family used as food 鲈鱼（淡水或海洋中产, 可食）: a shoal of bass 鲈鱼群 * They caught three basses. 他们捉到三条鲈鱼.

/beɪs; bes/ n  1 (a) lowest male voice 男低音: Is he a bass or a baritone? 他是男低音还是男中音? (b) singer with such a voice 男低音歌手: He is a very fine bass. 他是非常优秀的男低音歌手.  2 lowest part in music (for voice or instruments) （声乐或器乐的）低音部: He sings bass. 他唱低音.  3 = double-bass (double).  4 (also bass guitar) electric guitar producing very low notes 低音电吉他.

adj [attrib 作定语] low in tone 低音的: a bass `voice 低音的嗓子 * a bass clari`net 低音竖笛 * the ,bass `clef, ie symbol in music showing that the notes following in it are low in pitch 低音谱号（乐谱上表明其後的音符为低音的符号）. Cf 参看 treble2./ˈbæsɪt; `bæsɪt/ (also `basset-hound) n short-legged dog used in hunting 矮腿猎犬./ˌbæsɪˈnet; ˌbæsə`nɛt/ n baby's wicker cradle with a hood 有篷罩的柳条摇篮./bəˈsuːn; bə`sun/ n low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed 低音管, 巴松管（低音的双簧木管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x./bæst; bæst/ n fibre from the inner bark of (esp lime) trees, used for tying and weaving baskets, mats, etc （得自树木的, 尤指菩提树的）内皮纤维（用于编结篮筐、席子等）./ˈbɑːstəd; <i>US</i> ˈbæs-; `bæstɚd/ n  1 illegitimate child 私生子: [attrib 作定语] a bastard child/daughter/son 私生儿[女/子].  2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) (a) (usu male) person regarded with contempt; ruthless or cruel person （通常指男性）被人瞧不起的人, 冷酷无情的人, 残忍的人: You rotten bastard! 你这下流坯! * He's a real bastard, leaving his wife in that way. 他真狠心, 弃妻子于不顾. (b) thing that causes difficulty, pain, etc 使人感到为难、疼痛等的事物: It's a bastard of a problem, this one. 这个问题真使人伤脑筋. * My headache's a real bastard. 我的头疼得真要命.  3 (sl 俚) (a) (used to address sb, usu a male friend, informally 用于称呼某人, 通常为男性朋友, 用于口语): Harry, you old bastard! Fancy meeting you here! 哈利, 你这老家伙! 真没想到在这里遇见你! (b) (used for showing sympathy, usu about a man 用以表示同情, 通常用于男子) unfortunate fellow 不幸的人: The poor bastard! He's just lost his job. 那可怜的家伙! 他刚失去了工作.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not genuine or authentic; showing an odd mixture 不纯的; 不实的; 杂乱的: a bastard style, language 混杂的文体、语言.=> bastardization=> bastardizen [U].v [Tn] (used esp in the past participle 尤作过去分词) make (sth) less pure or authentic 使（某事物）不纯或失真: a bastardized form of English 英语的不规范的形式. n [U] (law 律) state of being a bastard(1) 私生子地位./beɪst; best/ v [Tn] sew (pieces of material) together with long temporary stitches 疏缝, 假缝, 大缝（用长针脚暂时缝合）.

/beɪst; best/ v [Tn] pour fat, juices, etc over (meat, etc) to keep it moist during cooking （烹调时往肉等上）浇油脂、汁液等（以保持滋润）./ˌbæstɪˈnɑːdəʊ, -ˈneɪd-; ˌbæstə`nedo/ n (pl ~s) beating with a stick on the soles of the feet 笞跖刑（用棍棒打脚掌）.

v [Tn] punish or torture (sb) by beating in this way （对某人）施以笞跖刑./ˈbæstɪən; `bæstɪən/ n  1 part of a fortification that projects from the rest 棱堡（防御工事的凸出部分）.  2 military stronghold near enemy territory 临近敌区的军事据点.  3 (fig 比喻) person or thing defending or protecting sth that is threatened 堡垒; 保护者; 保卫者; 捍卫者: a bastion of democracy, freedom, etc 捍卫民主、自由等的堡垒 * `The last bastions of privilege are crumbling,' announced the speaker. 演讲者宣称: ｀特权制度的最後一个堡垒正在崩溃./bæt; bæt/ n  1 small mouse-like animal that flies atnight and feeds on fruit and insects 蝙蝠. =>illus at App 1见附录1之插图, page iii.  2 (idm 习语) blind as a bat => blind1. have ,bats in the `belfry (infml 口) be crazy; have strange ideas 古里古怪; 异想天开. like a ,bat out of `hell (infml 口) quickly; at top speed 迅速地; 以最高的速度: He dashed around like a bat out of hell. 他发疯似的横冲直撞.

/bæt; bæt/ n  1 (usu wooden) implement of a specified size and shape, and with a handle, used for hitting the ball in games such as cricket, baseball and table tennis (板球、棒球、乒乓球等的）球板、球棒或球拍. =>illus at cricket 见cricket之插图.  2 = batsman: He's a useful bat. 他是优秀的击球员.  3 (idm 习语) ,off one's own `bat (infml 口) without help or encouragement from anyone else; unaided 靠自己的力量; 独力的: She made the suggestions off her own bat, ie without being asked for them. 她提这些建议完全是她自己的意思.

v (-tt-)  1 [I] (a) use a bat 用球板、球棒、球拍等击球: He bats well. 他是击球能手.(b) have a turn with a bat 轮到执板（或棒、拍）上阵; 轮到击球: Green batted for two hours. 格林执棒两小时.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] hit (sth) with a bat 用板（或棒、拍）击（某物）: batting a ball about 跑来跑去击球. `batter n (US) (esp in baseball) person who bats （尤指于棒球赛中）击球手. =>illus at baseball 见baseball之插图.

/bæt; bæt/ n (idm 习语) at a rare, surprising, terrific, etc `bat (infml 口) at a fast, etc speed 以极快的、惊人的、吓人的速度.

/bæt; bæt/ v (-tt-) (idm 习语) not bat an `eyelid (infml 口) not show any surprise or feelings 不露声色; 处之泰然: The condemned man listened to his sentence without batting an eyelid. 那被定罪的人木无表情地听着对他的宣判./bætʃ; bætʃ/ n  1 number of loaves, cakes, etc baked together （面包、糕饼等的）一炉: baked in batches of twenty 以二十个为一炉烘烤的.  2 number of people or things dealt with as a group （人或物的）一批: a new batch of recruits for the army 一批新兵 * a batch of letters to be answered 待覆的一批信件.  3 (computing 计) set of jobs that are processed together by a computer with no input from individual terminals （计算机在终端停止输入的情况下汇集处理的）成批作业: [attrib 作定语] a batch run 成批处理.(computing 计) system of processing a batch of jobs as a group 成批处理的程序./ˈbeɪtɪd; `betɪd/ adj (idm 习语) with ,bated `breath holding one's breath anxiously or excitedly 因焦急或兴奋而屏住气息: We waited with bated breath for the winner to be announced. 我们屏住呼吸等待宣布获胜者的姓名./bɑːθ; <i>US</i> bæθ; bæθ/ n (pl ~s/ bB:Tz; ?@ bTz; bATz/)  1 [C] washing of the whole body, esp when sitting or lying in water 洗澡; 沐浴: I shall have a hot bath and go to bed. 我要去洗个热水澡, 然後睡觉. * He takes a cold bath every morning. 他每天早晨都洗冷水澡.  2 [C] (a) (also `bath-tub, tub) large, usu oblong, container for water in which a person sits to have a bath 澡盆; 浴缸. (b) water placed in this ready for use 洗澡水: Please run a bath for me. 请给我放一盆洗澡水. * Your bath is ready. 洗澡水给你准备好了.  3 [C] (container for) liquid in which sth is washed or dipped in chemical and industrial processes 化学及工业生产过程中用以洗涤或浸泡某物的液体; 盛此液体的容器: an `oil bath, eg for parts of machinery 油槽（如用于浸洗机器零件的） * a bath of red dye 红染缸.  4 baths [pl] (a) (Brit) an indoor public swimming-pool 室内公共游泳池: heated swimming-baths 加温的室内公共游泳池. (b) building where baths may be taken 澡堂; 浴室: Turkish `baths 土耳其式浴室.  5 (idm 习语) throw the baby out with the bath water => baby.

v (Brit)  1 [Tn] give a bath to (sb/sth) 给（某人）洗澡; 清洗（某物）: bath the baby 给婴儿洗澡.  2 [I] take a bath 洗澡: I bath every night. 我每晚洗澡./ˌbɑːθ ˈtʃeə(r); `bæθˌtʃɛr/ type of wheelchair for an invalid 伤残人使用的一种轮椅.small absorbent mat for a person to stand on after getting out of a bath 浴室脚垫（出浴後使用的有吸水性能的小脚垫）.n = bath 2./beɪð; beð/ v  1 [Tn] apply water to (sth); soak in water 用水洗（某物）; 用水浸泡: The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生叫他每天洗眼两次. * The nurse bathed the wound. 护士冲洗伤口.  2 [I] (esp Brit) go swimming in the sea, a river, a lake, etc for enjoyment 去海里、河里、湖里等游泳以娱情: On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river. 天热时我们常在河里[去河里]游泳.

n (esp sing 尤作单数) (esp Brit) action of swimming in the sea, etc （在海里等）游泳: It's a sunny day. Let's go for a bathe. 今天天气晴朗, 咱们游泳去吧.adj [pred 作表语] ~ in/with sth wet or bright all over with sth 全被某物弄湿; 全被某物照亮: Her face was bathed in tears. 她泪流满面. * After the match, I was bathed with sweat. 比赛之後我汗流浃背. * The countryside was bathed in brilliant sunshine. 这一带乡村沐浴在阳光里./ˈbeɪðə(r); `beðɚ/ n./ˈbeɪðɪŋ; `beðɪŋ/ n [U] (esp Brit) action of going into the sea, etc to bathe （到江河湖海等处）游泳: She's fond of bathing. 她喜欢游泳. * Bathing prohibited! ie Swimming, etc is not allowed here, eg because it would be unsafe. 禁止游泳（因不安全）!n close-fitting rubber cap worn over the hair while swimming 游泳帽.n (Brit becoming dated 渐旧) = swimming-costume (swim)./ˈbeɪθɒs; `beθɑs/ n [U] sudden change (in writing or speech) from what is deeply moving or important to what is foolish or trivial; anticlimax 突降（指在文章或讲话中, 从精采动人或意义重大的内容突然转入荒谬或平淡的内容）; 突降法（从高潮突然降为低潮的修辞法）.n  1 loose, usu towelling, garment worn before and after taking a bath 浴衣（浴前浴後穿用的宽松服装, 通常用毛巾布料缝制）.  2 (US) = dressing-gown (dressing).n 1 (Brit sometimes euph 有时作委婉语) room in which there is a bath (and also usu a wash-basin and sometimes a toilet) 浴室; 盥洗室; 洗手间: Go and wash your hands in the bathroom. 去盥洗室把手洗乾净.  2 (US) (room with a) toilet 抽水马桶; （有抽水马桶的）厕所: I need to go to the bathroom. 我要上厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见 CHIN></CHIN>toilet./ˈbæθɪsfɪə(r); `bæθɪˌsfɪr/ n large, strongly built, hollow sphere that can be lowered deep into the sea (usu for observing marine life) 探海球, 潜水球（为一坚固的大型球形结构, 可潜入深海中, 通常用于观察海洋生物）./bəˈtiːk, also ˈbætɪk; `bətik, `bætɪk/ n  1 [U] method of printing coloured designs on cloth by waxing the parts that are not to be dyed 蜡防印花法.  2 [C] material dyed in this way 用蜡防印花法印染的花布: [attrib 作定语] a batik dress 用蜡防印花布做的连衣裙./bæˈtiːst, also bəˈt-; bæ`tist, bə`t-/ n [U] fine thin linen or cotton cloth 上等细亚麻布或细薄棉布./ˈbætmən; `bætmən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn;-mEn/) (Brit) soldier who acts as an army officer's personal servant 勤务兵; 传令兵./ˈbætn, ˈbætɒn; <i>US</i> bəˈtɒn; bə`tɑn/ n  1 = truncheon: [attrib 作定语] a baton charge, ie one made by police, etc armed with batons to drive a crowd back 持警棍出击（警察等用警棍驱退群众）.  2 short thin stick used by the conductor of a band or orchestra （乐队指挥所用的）指挥棒.  3 short stick that indicates a certain rank （表示官阶的）权杖: a Field-Marshal's baton 陆军元帅的司令杖.  4 short stick carried and handed on in a relay race （接力赛跑用的）接力棒.  5 decorative stick held and twirled by drum majors, etc （军乐队指挥所用的装饰性的）指挥棒./bæts; bæts/ adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) (esp of people) mad; eccentric （尤指人）发疯, 反常. Cf 参看 batty./-smən; -smən/ n (pl -men) player who bats in cricket 板球的击球手: He's a good batsman but a poor bowler. 他击球不错, 但投球不太好. =>illus at cricket见 cricket之插图./bəˈtælɪən; bə`tæljən/ n (abbr 缩写 Bn) army unit composed of several companies and forming part of a regiment or brigade 营（陆军单位）./ˈbætn; `bætn/ n  1 long board, esp one used to keep other boards in place, or to which other boards are nailed 板条（尤指用以固定其他板材或将其他板材钉于其上者）.  2 (on a ship) strip of wood or metal used to fasten down covers or tarpaulins over a hatch 压条（船上用以扣紧舱口盖或舱盖布的木条或金属条）.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (esp on a ship) fasten sth securely with battens （尤指船上）用压条固定住某物: batten down the hatches, eg when a storm is expected 封住舱口（如风暴快来时）.

/ˈbætn; `bætn/ v (phr v) batten on sb/sth (esp derog 尤作贬义) thrive or live well at the expense of sb/sth, or so as to injure sb/sth 损及某人[某事物]以自肥: She avoided having to work by battening on her rich relatives. 她仗着她那些有钱的亲戚而不必工作, 得以坐享清福./ˈbætə(r); `bætɚ/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ at/on sth hit (sb/sth) hard and often 接连猛击（某人[某物]）: He kept battering (away) at the door. 他接连不断地砸门. * battered babies/wives, ie ones that suffer repeated violence from parents/husbands 受虐的幼儿[妻子].  2 (phr v) batter sth down flatten sth by hitting it repeatedly 不断打击某物使之倒下: Let's batter the door down. 咱们把这门砸掉吧. batter sth to sth cause sth to become a specified shape by hitting it hard and often 经常猛力打击使某物变成某状: The huge waves battered the wrecked ship to pieces. 巨浪将那艘失事的船只冲击得支离破碎. * The victim's face was battered to a pulp. 受害者的脸打得血肉模糊.

/ˈbætə(r); `bætɚ/ n [U] beaten mixture of flour, eggs, milk, etc for cooking （为烹调而将面粉、蛋、奶等搅拌成的）糊状物: fish fried in batter 蘸面糊煎的鱼 * pancake batter 做薄煎饼的面糊.adj out of shape because of age, regular use or frequent accidents 由于年久、经常使用或事故频仍等原因而走样的: a battered old hat 一顶破旧不堪的帽子 * Your car looks rather battered. 你的汽车看上去破破烂烂的.n large heavy log with an iron head formerly used in war for breaking down walls, etc 攻城槌（为一端带有铁头的巨型沉重圆木, 旧时于战争中用以攻破城墙等）./ˈbætərɪ; `bætərɪ/ n  1 [C] portable container of a cell or cells for supplying electricity 电池; 电池组; 电瓶: a `car battery 汽车用的蓄电池 * a `torch battery 手电筒用的电池 * This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节乾电池. =>illus at App 1 见附录1, page xii.  2 [C] (a) group of big guns on a warship or on land 军舰上的炮组; 陆地上的炮台. (b) army unit consisting of big guns, with men and vehicles 炮兵连（由大炮、炮兵及车辆组成）.  3 [C] large and often confusing set of similar tools, instruments, etc used together （同类用具、器物等的）一套, 一组: a battery of lights 一组灯 * (fig 比喻) She faced a battery of questions. 她面临一连串的问题.  4 [C] series of cages in which hens, etc are kept (to make them lay more eggs or grow fatter) 养鸡房（养鸡等用的成排鸡笼, 可使母鸡多产蛋或育肥）: [attrib 作定语] a battery hen 养鸡房饲养的母鸡 * battery eggs 养鸡场产的蛋. Cf 参看 free-range (free)1).  5 [U] (law 律) unlawfully hitting sb or touching him or his clothes threateningly 殴打.  6 (idm 习语) recharge one's batteries => recharge.farm where large numbers of hens are kept in batteries 养鸡场. ,battery `farming./ˈbætl; `bætl/ n  1 [C, U] fight, esp between organized armed forces 战斗; 战役; 交战: a fierce battle 激烈的战斗 * the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 * go out to battle 奔赴战场 * die in battle 阵亡.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) any contest or struggle 争斗; 斗争: a battle of words, wits 一场舌战、智斗 * Their whole life was a constant battle against poverty. 他们一生都在不断地与贫穷作斗争.  3 (idm 习语) do battle (with sb) (about sth) fight or argue fiercely (with sb) (about sth) （为某事）（与某人）激烈斗争或争论. fight a losing battle => fight1. give `battle (dated 旧) show that one is ready to fight 挑战. half the battle an important or the most important part of achieving sth 实现某目的至关重要的部分: When you're ill, wanting to get well again is often half the battle. 生病时, 有决心把病治好往往是最为重要的. join battle => join.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with/against sb/sth) (for sth); ~ (on) struggle 斗争; 搏斗; 奋斗: battling against ill health 与病魔作斗争 * They battled with the wind and the waves. 他们与风浪搏斗. * I'm battling with my employers for a pay-rise. 我正向雇主力争增加工资. * Progress is slow but we keep battling on. 进展虽慢, 但是我们在继续奋斗.n large warship, faster and lighter than a battleship 战列巡洋舰（一种比战列舰速度快、吨位轻的大军舰）.n (a) (esp formerly) rallying cry used in battle （尤指旧时）战斗呐喊. (b) (fig 比喻) slogan or rallying cry of a group of people fighting for the same cause （为共同事业而斗争的人们所用的）标语或口号.n (a) (formerly) heavy axe with a long handle, used as a weapon 战斧（旧时用作武器的长柄重斧）. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) unpleasantly domineering (usu older) woman （通常指较年长的）悍妇, 母老虎.n [U] soldier's uniform of blouse and trousers 野战服装.ns place where a battle is or was fought 战场.=> battlefield/ˈbætlmənts; `bætlmənts/ n [pl] (flat roof of a tower or castle surrounded by) low walls with openings at intervals made for shooting through 雉堞; 城垛. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图.n large warship with big guns and heavy armour 战列舰./ˈbætɪ; `bætɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (of people, ideas, etc) crazy; slightly mad （指人、思想等）疯狂的, 稍反常的. Cf 参看 bats./ˈbɔːbl; `bɔbl/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) showy ornament of little value 华而不实的装饰品.= balk./ˈbɔːksaɪt; `bɔksaɪt/ n [U] clay-like substance from which aluminium is obtained 铝土岩, 铝矾土（炼铝的原料）.adv. n [U]./ˈbɔːdɪ; `bɔdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) amusing in a coarse or indecent way （以粗俗或下流的方式）娱人的: bawdy jokes, stories, etc 淫猥的笑话、故事等.

n [U] (dated 旧) bawdy talk or stories 淫猥的话或故事./bɔːl; bɔl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) shout or cry loudly 大叫; 大喊: That baby has been bawling for hours. 那婴儿已经大声哭叫了几小时. * He bawled at me across the street. 他在街道的另一边冲着我大喊. * We bawled for help but no one heard us. 我们大声求援可是无人听见. * The sergeant bawled (out) a command (to his men). 那个中士（向士兵）大声发令.  2 (phr v) ,bawl sb `out (esp US infml 口) scold sb severely 严厉呵责某人./beɪ; be/ (also `bay-tree) n laurel with dark green leaves and purple berries 月桂树（长有深绿色树叶和紫色浆果）.

/beɪ; be/ n part of the sea, or of a large lake, enclosed by a wide curve of the shore 海湾; 湖湾: the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾 * Hudson Bay 哈得孙湾.

/beɪ; be/ n  1 (a) one of a series of compartments in a building, a structure or an area, esp one designed for storing things, parking vehicles, etc 建筑物、构架或区域内的分隔空间（尤指用于贮物、停放车辆等的）: a `parking bay 停车房 * Put the equipment in No 3 bay. 把这设备放在第三号储藏间里. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any special compartment or area 任何有专门用途的隔间或区域: the `bomb-bay, ie the compartment in the fuselage of an aircraft where bombs are carried * the `sick-bay, ie part of a ship, building, school, etc set aside for the care of the sick or the injured.  2 recess in a room or building （房间或其他建筑物的）凹进处.

/beɪ; be/ n  1 deep bark, esp of hounds while hunting 低沉的吠声（尤指猎犬行猎时发出的）.  2 (idm 习语) at `bay (esp of a hunted animal) forced to face its attackers and show defiance because unable to escape （尤指被追猎的动物）被迫作困兽之斗; 狗急跳墙. bring sb/sth to `bay force (a fleeing enemy, a hunted animal, etc) into a position from which escape is impossible （将逃跑的敌人、追猎的动物等）逼到绝路上. hold/keep sb at `bay prevent (an enemy, pursuers, etc) from coming near 不让（敌人、追逐者等）逼近: I'm trying to keep my creditors at bay. 我竭力躲避债主.

v [I] (esp of hounds, etc) bark with a deep note （尤指猎犬等）低沉地吠叫: the baying cry of a wolf 狼的低沉吼叫声.

/beɪ; be/ n, adj (horse) of a reddish-brown colour 红棕色的（马）: riding a big bay (mare) 骑着红棕色的大（母）马.window, usu with glass on three sides, projecting from an outside wall 凸窗（向墙外突出, 通常三面有玻璃的窗户）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.n (pl -leaves) dried leaf of the bay-tree, spicy when crushed, used as seasoning in cooking 月桂树的乾树叶（压榨时有香味, 可作烹饪的调味品）./ˈbeɪənɪt; `beənɪt/ n dagger-like blade that can be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle and used in hand-to-hand fighting 枪刺; 刺刀.

/ˈbeɪənɪt, also ˌbeɪəˈnet; `beənɪt/ v [Tn] stab (sb/sth) with a bayonet 用枪刺刺（某人[某物]）: bayoneted to death 被枪刺刺死./ˈbaɪuː; `baɪu/ n (in the southern USA) slow-moving marshy part of a river away from the main stream （美国南部的）长沼./bəˈzɑː(r); bə`zɑr/ n  1 (in eastern countries) group of shops or stalls or part of a town where these are （东方国家的）市场, 城市的商业区.  2 (in Britain, USA, etc) (place where there is a) sale of goods to raise money for charitable purposes （英、美等国）（为慈善事业筹集款项的）义卖, 义卖市场: a church bazaar 教会主持的义卖./bəˈzuːkə; bə`zukə/ n portable weapon used for launching anti-tank rockets （便携式）反坦克火箭筒./ˌbiː biː ˈsiː; ˌbi bi `si/ abbr 缩写 = British Broad-casting Corporation 英国广播公司: listen to the BBC 收听英国广播公司的节目 * BBC English, ie a form of English with a high standard of correctness  BBC英语（高度纯正的英语）. Cf 参看 IBA, ITV./ˌbiː biː ef ˈsiː; ˌbi bi ɛf `si/ abbr 缩写 = British Board of Film Censors 英国电影审查局./ˌbiː ˈsiː; ˌbi `si/ abbr 缩写 =  1 Before Christ 公元前: in (the year) 2000 BC 在公元前2000年. Cf 参看 AD.  2 British Council (a government-sponsored organization for the promotion of English language and culture in other countries) 英国文化协会./bɪ; bɪ; strong form 强读式 biː; bi/ v =>Usage at be2 用法见be2.  1 (used after there and before a/an, no, some, etc+ n 用于there之後及a/an、no、some等+名词之前) (a) exist; occur; live 有; 存在; 生存: Is there a God? 有上帝吗? * For there to be life there must be air and water. 一定要有空气和水才有生命. * There are no easy answers. 现成的答案是没有的. * There are many such people. 这样的人多的是. * Once upon a time there was a princess. 从前有一个公主. * There have been cows in that field since my grandfather's time. 从我祖父那时候起, 那片地上就养着牛. (b) be present; stand 在; 在场: There's a bus-stop down the road 路的前方有一个公共汽车站. (Cf 参看 The bus-stop is down the road.) There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书. * There are some good photographs in this exhibition. 这一展览会上有些好照片.  2 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating position in space or time 与表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语连用) (a) be situated 位于; 处于: The lamp is on the table. 灯在桌子上. * The stable is a mile away. 马房距此一英里远. * Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上. * John's out in the garden. 约翰在外面花园里. * They are on holiday in the Lake District. 他们在英格兰湖区度假. (b) happen; occur; take place 发生; 产生; 举行: The party is after work. 聚会在下班後举行. * The election was on Monday. 选举是在星期一进行的. * The concert will be in the school hall. 音乐会将在学校的礼堂内举行. * The meetings are on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the main hall. 会议在星期二和星期四于大礼堂举行. (c) remain 停留; 逗留; 待: She has been in her room for hours. 她在自己的房间里待了几个小时. * They're here till Christmas. 他们在这里要一直逗留到圣诞节. (d) attend; be present 出席; 到场: Were you at church yesterday? 昨天你去过教堂吗? * I'll be at the party. 我参加这个聚会.  3 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating direction, a starting point, etc 与副词或介词短语连用表示方向、起点等) leave; arrive 离开; 到达: I'll be on my way very soon. 我很快就要上路. * She's from Italy, ie Her native country is Italy. 她是意大利人（她

/bɪ; bɪ; strong form 强读式 biː; bi/ aux v =>Usage 见所附用法  1 (used with a past participle to form the passive 与过去分词连用构成被动语态): He was killed in the war. 他阵亡了. * Where were they made? 这些东西是在哪里制造的? * The thief was caught. 窃贼被捉住了. * The house is/was being built. 那房屋正在[那时正在]建造. * You will be severely punished if you do not obey. 你不服从, 就会受到严惩.  2 (used with present participles to form continuous tenses 与现在分词连用构成进行时态): They are/were reading. 他们正在[那时正在]阅读. * I am studying Chinese. 我正在学习汉语. * I shall be seeing him soon. 我不久就会见到他了. * What have you been doing this week? 你这星期以来在干什么? * I'm always being criticized. 我总是挨批.  3 (with to + infinitive 与to+不定式连用) (a) (expressing duty, necessity, etc 表示责任、需要等): I am to (ie I have been told to) inform you that... 我有义务（我受人之托）通知你... * You are to report (ie must, should report) to the police. 你应该报警. (b) (expressing arrangement, intention or purpose 表示安排、意向或目的): They are to be married, ie will be married. 他们打算结婚. * Each participant was to pay his own expenses. 每个参加者都必须自费. * The telegram was to say that she'd be late. 电报说她可能晚到. (c) (expressing possibility 表示可能性): The book was not to be (ie could not be) found. 那本书找不到了. (d) (expressing destiny 表示注定): He was never to see his wife again, ie Although he did not know it at the time, he did not see her again. 他从那以後就再也见不到他的妻子了. * The celebrations were not to be, ie They did not, in fact, take place. 庆祝活动结果未能举行. (e) (only in the form were, expressing supposition 仅用were这一形式, 表示假设): If I were to tell you/Were I to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me? 假如我对你说是我杀死了他, 你相信吗? * If it were to rain, we would have to cancel the match tomorrow. 假如下雨, 我们只好取消明天的比赛.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Be is used as a main verb (be1) and as an auxiliary verb (be2). *be可用作主要动词 (be1),  (be2). The various written and spoken forms are the same for both verbs 两者的各种书面语和口语形式均相同: am (pres t with I)/ Em, m;m/, strong form/ m; Am/; written contraction I'm/ aIm; aIm/; negative question aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; ?@ 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *am （现在时态与 I/ Em, m; m/, 强读式/m; Am/; 书写缩约式 I'm/ aIm; aIm/; 否定疑问式 aren't I?/ 5B:ntaI; 美式 5B:rEntaI; Brnt aI/. *is (pres t with he, she, it)/ s, z; s, z/, strong form/ Iz; Iz/; written contractions it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/hi:z, hIz; hIz/, she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE`kaJz/; negative isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *is（现在时态与hesheit连用）/s, z; s, z/, 强读式/ Iz; Iz/; 书写缩约式it's/ Its; Its/, Jack's/ dVks; dVAks/, he's/ hi:z, hIz; hIz/,she's/ Fi:z, FIz; FIz/, the cow's/ TE kaUz; TE `kaJz/; 否定式 isn't/ 5Iznt; `Iznt/. *are (pres t with you, we, they)/E(r); L/ , strong form/ B:(r); Br/; written contractions we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/ jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/TeE(r); Ter/; negative aren't/ B:nt; ?@ 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *are（现在时态与youwethey连用）/E(r); L/ , 强读式/ B:(r); Br/; 书写缩约式 we're/ wIE(r); wIr/, you're/jUE(r), jR:(r); jJr/, they're/ TeE(r); Ter/; 否定式 aren't/ B:nt; 美式 5B:rEnt; Brnt/. *was (pt with I, he, she, it)/wEz; wEz/, strong form/ wCz; ?@ wQz; wQz/; negative wasn't/ 5wCznt; ?@ 5wQznt; `wQznt/. *was （过去时态与Ihesheit连用）/wEz; wEz/, 强读式/ wCz; 美式 wQz; wQz/; 否定式 wasn't/ 5wCznt; 美式 5wQznt; `wQznt/.*were (pt with you, we, they)/ wE(r); wL/, strong form/w\:(r); w[/; negative weren't/ w\:nt; ?@ 5w\:rEnt; w[nt/.*were （过去时态与 you we they连用）/wE(r); wL/, 强读式/ w\:(r); w[/; 否定式 weren't/ w\:nt; 美式5w\:rEnt; w[nt/. *being (pres p)/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *being/ 5bi:IN; `biIN/. *been (pp)/ bi:n; ?@ also bIn; bIn/. *been（过去分词）/bi:n; 美式 bIn; bIn/.be sure of one's facts; be secure in one's position, esp in a discussion 对事实确信无疑; 立场坚定（尤指在讨论中）. a firm `hand strong discipline or control 严明的纪律; 牢固控制: That boy needs a firm hand to help him grow up. 那个男孩需要严加管教才能有所长进. have, etc a firm/tight hold on sth => hold2.find sb/sth attractive or interesting被某人[某事物]吸引; 对某人[某事物]感兴趣: We were all very taken with her. 我们都被她吸引住了. * I think he's rather taken with the idea. 我认为他对那个想法挺感兴趣.pref 前缀  1 (with vs and adjs ending in -ed 与动词和以-ed结尾的形容词结合) all around; all over 全面; 到处: besmear * bedeck * bejewelled.  2 (with ns and adjs forming transitive vs 与名词和形容词结合, 构成及物动词) make or treat as 使; 视为: befriend * belittle.  3 (with intransitive vs forming transitive vs 与不及物动词结合, 构成及物动词): bemoan * bewail./biːtʃ; bitʃ/ n  1 stretch of sand or pebbles along the edge of the sea or a lake; shore between high and low water mark 海滩; 湖滩; 滩地: holiday-makers sunbathing on the beach 在沙滩上作日光浴的度假者. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图.  2 (idm 习语) not the only pebble on the beach => pebble.Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1.

v [Tn] bring (esp a boat or ship) on shore from out of the water （尤指船只）从水中推或拖至岸上.small motor vehicle used for racing on beaches, waste ground, etc 沙滩车（在海滩、荒地等处使用的小型机动赛车）.n large lightweight inflated ball for games on the beach 沙滩球（供海滩游戏用的大而轻的充气球）.n strong position on a beach established by an army which has just landed and is preparing to advance and attack （部队登陆後准备进攻时所建的）滩头阵地. Cf 参看 bridgehead (bridge1)./-kəʊmə(r); -ˌkomɚ/ n  1 person without a regular job who lives by selling whatever he can find on beaches 海滩游民（无固定工作, 以在海滩捡破烂为生的人）.  2 long wave rolling in from the sea （涌向海滩的）长形巨浪.n [U] clothes for swimming, sunbathing, playing games, etc on the beach 海滩装（在海滩游泳、进行日光浴、游戏等时穿的服装）./ˈbiːkən; `bikən/ n  1 fire lit on a hilltop as a signal 烽火.  2 (a) light fixed on rocks or on the coast to warn or guide ships, or on a mountain, tall building, etc to warn aircraft 灯塔; 灯标. (b) flashing light on an airfield for the guidance of pilots （飞机场上指示飞机起降的）闪光灯.  3 signal station such as a lighthouse （灯塔之类的）信号站.  4 radio station or transmitter whose signal helps ships and aircraft to discover their position （帮助航船和飞行器确定位置的）无线电台或发射台.  5 (Brit) = Belisha beacon./ˈbiːdl; `bidl/ n (Brit)  1 officer helping in certain church or college ceremonies （某些教会或学校的礼仪活动的）助理员.  2 (formerly) parish officer who helped the priest by keeping order in church, giving money to the poor, etc （旧时教区中协助牧师维持教堂秩序、向穷人发放赈济款等的）助理员./ˈbiːdɪ; `bidɪ/ adj (of eyes) small, round and bright like beads （指眼睛）小而圆, 晶亮如珠子的: Not much escapes our teacher's beady eye, ie Our teacher sees almost everything. 任何事都很难逃过我们老师那明亮的眼睛./ˈbiːgl; `biˇl/ n small short-legged dog used for hunting hares 猎兔狗（猎兔用的一种短腿小猎狗）./ˈbiːglɪŋ; `biˇlɪŋ/ n [U] hunting on foot with beagles 带着猎兔狗徒步行猎./biːk; bik/ n  1 hard horny part of a bird's mouth 鸟喙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.  2 anything shaped like this, esp a hooked nose 鸟喙形状的任何物体; （尤指）鹰钩鼻子.

/biːk; bik/ n (Brit sl 俚) magistrate 地方执法官: brought up before the beak 被告到官府./biːkt; bikt/ adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) having a beak (of the specified type) （鸟嘴或鸟嘴形物）有某种嘴的: long-beaked./ˈbiːkə(r); `bikɚ/ n  1 open glass container with a lip for pouring, used in chemistry laboratories 烧杯.  2 tall narrow cup for drinking, often without a handle 细高的杯（常无柄）: a beaker of coffee from the drinks machine 取自饮料机的一杯咖啡./biːm; bim/ n  1 long piece of wood, metal, concrete, etc, usu horizontal and supported at both ends, that carries the weight of part of a building or some other structure 梁.  2 (a) any of the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship, joining the sides and supporting the deck 船梁（船上连接两舷并支撑甲板的横木）. (b) breadth of a ship at its widest part 船宽（船身最宽部分的距离）.  3 horizontal bar of weighing-scales from which the pans hang 衡器上悬吊秤盘的横杆. =>illus at scale 见scale之插图.  4 ray or stream of light or other radiation (eg from a lamp or a lighthouse, the sun or the moon) （灯、灯塔、日月等的）光线、光束或其他射线: the beam of the torch, searchlight, etc 手电筒、探照灯等的光束 * The car's headlights were on full beam, ie not dipped to avoid dazzling other drivers. 那辆汽车的前大灯都开着（未能为防止将其他司机眼睛照花而放低前大灯）.  5 bright and happy look or smile 欢快的表情; 微笑: a beam of pleasure 一丝笑容.  6 series of radio or radar signals used to guide ships or aircraft （为船只或飞行器导航的无线电或雷达的）信号流.  7 (idm 习语) broad in the beam => broad1. off (the) `beam (infml 口) mistaken; wrong 错误的; 不对: Your calculation is way off beam. 你的计算大错特错. on the `beam (infml 口) on the right track; correct 正确的; 对.

v  1 (a) [I] (of the sun, etc) send out light and warmth （指太阳等）发光, 发热. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) smile happily and cheerfully 愉快地微笑: The winner beamed with satisfaction. 获胜者满意地笑了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) (from...) broadcast (a message, television programme, etc) 播送（消息、电视节目等）: The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯决赛从英国向日本作了实况转播.n [pl] (idm 习语) on her beam-ends (of a ship) lying over to one side; almost capsizing （指船）向一边倾斜; 几乎翻船. on one's beam-ends (of a person) with very little money left; almost destitute （指人）经济拮据; 几乎一无所有./biːn; bin/ n  1 (a) smooth, usu kidney-shaped, seed, used as a vegetable 豆子: ,broad `beans 蚕豆 * `kidney beans 菜豆 * `soya beans 大豆 * ,haricot `beans 扁豆. (b) any of the various plants that bear these seeds in long pods 豆科植物. (c) pod containing such seeds, which is itself eaten as a vegetable 豆荚（可食用）:,runner `beans 红花菜豆.  2 similar seed of other plants, eg cocoa or coffee 其他植物的豆状果实（如可可豆或咖啡豆）.  3 (idm 习语) full of beans/life => full. a hill of beans => hill. know how many beans make five => know. not have a `bean (infml 口) have no money 不名一文. spill the beans => spill1.sprouts of young bean seeds often eaten uncooked, esp in Chinese dishes 豆芽.n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) merry celebration or party 喜庆; 喜宴./ˈbiːnəʊ; `bino/ n (pl ~s) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) = beanfeast (bean).n (infml 口) tall thin person 瘦高个子./beə(r); bɛr/ n  1 large heavy animal with thick fur 熊: polar bear 北极熊 * grizzly bear 大灰熊. =>illus 见插图.  2 rough or ill-mannered person 粗鲁的或横蛮的人.  3 (finance 财) person who sells stocks, shares, etc, hoping to buy them back at lower prices 出售自己的证券、股票等, 希望以较低价格购回的人; 股票看跌的人: [attrib 作定语] a `bear market, ie a situation in which share prices are falling rapidly 卖空的市场（股票价格急剧跌落的行情）. Cf 参看 bull1 3.  4 (idm 习语) a bear garden place or meeting at which there is much rough or noisy behaviour 嘈杂喧闹的场所或会议. like a ,bear with a sore `head (infml 口) irritable; bad-tempered 易怒的; 脾气坏的: When he's just woken up he's like a bear with a sore head. 他刚睡醒时, 非常暴躁.

/beə(r); bɛr/ v (pt bore/ bR:(r); bRr/, pp borne/bR:n; bRrn/)  1 [Tn] show (sth); carry visibly; display 显示（某事物）; 明显地带有; 表现: The document bore his signature. 这份文件有他的签字. * The ring bears an inscription. 这个戒指上刻有字. * The coach bears the royal coat of arms. 这辆大马车上有王室的盾形纹章. * I saw a tombstone bearing the date 1602. 我见到一块刻有1602年字样的墓碑. * He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. 他在战争中受了重伤, 现在仍有伤疤. * She bears little resemblance to (ie is not much like) her mother. 她长得不太像她的母亲. * The title of the essay bore little relation to the contents, ie was not much connected with them. 这篇文章的题目和内容不大相符.  2 [Tn] be known by (sth); have 以（某事物）为人所知; 具有: a family that bore an ancient and honoured name 名门世家 * A married woman usually bears her husband's surname. 女子出嫁以後通常随夫姓.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (dated or fml 旧或文) carry (sb/sth), esp while moving 携带（某人[某物]）（尤指于移动中）: bear a heavy load 负重 * three kings bearing gifts 进贡的三位国王 * They bore his body to the tomb. 他们把他的遗体抬到墓地. * The canoe was borne along by the current. 那独木舟顺流而下. =>Usage at carry 用法见 carry.  4 [Tn] (a) support (sb/sth); sustain 支撑（某人[某事物]）; 支持: The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄, 承受不住你的重量. (b) take (responsibility, etc) on oneself; shoulder 负起（责任等）; 肩负: Do the bride's parents have to bear the cost of the wedding? 要由新娘的父母来负担婚礼所需的费用吗? * The President has to bear the blame. 总统难辞其咎. * He's a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人.  5 (a) [Tn, Tt, Tg, Tsg] (more informal, with can/could, in negative sentences or questions多用于口语, 在否定句或疑问句中与can[could]连用) endure (sth); tolerate; stand 忍受; 忍耐; 承受: The pain was almost more than he could bear. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了. * She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛. * I can't bear (having) cats in the ho ht to bear on us to finish the work on time. 我们受到压力, 必须如期完成这项工作. grin and bear it => grin.  12 (phr v) bear sth/sb away/off (dated or fml 旧或文) seize and carry away 捉走; 夺走; 拿走: They bore off several captives. 他们抓走了几个俘虏. * He bore away (ie won) the first prize. 他夺得（赢得）了头奖. bear down sb/sth overcome or defeat sb/sth 战胜或击败某人[某事物]: bear down the enemy, all resistance 击垮敌人; 镇压一切反抗. bear `down on sb/sth move quickly and threateningly towards sb/sth 向某人[某事物]迅速逼近: The angry farmer was bearing down on us. 那个怒气冲冲的农民迅速地向我们逼来. `bear on sth relate to sth; affect sth 与某事物有关; 对某事物有影响: These are matters that bear on the welfare of the community. 这些都是涉及社会福利的问题. bear sb/sth `out support (sb); confirm (sth) 为（某人）作证; 证实（某事物）: The other witnesses will bear me out/bear out what I say. 其他证人会为我[为我所说的话]作证. bear `up (against/under sth) be strong enough not to despair; cope; manage 不气馁; 对付; 处理: He's bearing up well against all his misfortunes. 他以坚强的意志对待他所有的不幸. `bear with sb/sth tolerate sb/sth patiently 耐心地忍受某人[某事物]: We must bear with her (ie treat her with sympathy) during this difficult period. 在此困难时期, 我们对她一定要忍让（对待她要有同情心）. * If you will bear with me (ie listen patiently to me) a little longer... 请耐心容我把话说完....

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verb bear (past participle borne) in the sense of `give birth to' is formal *bear（过去分词为 borne）这一动词作｀生育＇解时较文雅: bear a child 生孩子 *  She's borne him six children. 她给他生育了六个孩子. Less formal is 较通俗的说法是: She's had six children. 她生了六个孩子. The past participle borne is not used in the passive in this sense. 过去分词borne作｀生育＇解时不用被动语态. There is another past participle born, which is used only in the passive voice 另有一过去分词born, 仅用于被动语态: She was born in 1954. 她生于1954年. *  Ten children are born in this hospital every day. 这所医院每天有十个孩子出生. *  He was born to/of wealthy parents. 他出生于有钱人家.n powerful tight embrace 紧紧的搂抱./ˈbeərəbl; `bɛrəbl/ adj that can be endured; tolerable 可忍受的; 经得住的: The climate is bearable. 这种气候尚可忍受./bɪəd; bɪrd/ n (a) [U, C] hair growing on the chin and the lower cheeks of a man's face （下巴和面颊下部的）胡须; 络腮胡子: a week's growth of beard 一星期未刮的胡子 * Who's that man with the beard? 那个留着大胡子的人是谁? * He has (grown) a beard. 他留着大胡子. =>illus at head 见head之插图. Cf 参看 moustache1,whisker 1. (b) [C] similar hairy growth on an animal or plant （动物的）颔毛; （植物的）芒: a goat's beard 山羊的胡子.

/bɪəd; bɪrd/ v  1 [Tn] defy (sb/sth) openly; oppose bravely 公然反对（某人[某事物]）; 勇敢地对抗.  2 (idm 习语) beard the lion in his `den visit sb important in order to challenge him, obtain a favour, etc 入狮穴捋狮须（走访某要人以向其提出质询、获得某种好处等）.adj having a beard 有胡须的; 有颔毛的; 有芒刺的.adj having no beard 无胡须的; 无颔毛的; 无芒刺的: a beardless youth, ie an immature young man 嘴下没毛的青年（少不更事的年轻人）./ˈbeərə(r); `bɛrɚ/ n  1 person who brings a letter or message 送信人; 捎信人: I'm the bearer of good news. 我带来了好消息.  2 (a) person employed to carry things, eg equipment on an expedition; porter 脚夫; 搬运工人: A team of African bearers came with us on safari. 有一队非洲脚夫和我们一起进行狩猎旅行. (b) person who helps to carry a coffin, stretcher, etc （棺材、担架等的）抬送者.  3 person who has a cheque for payment on demand （即期支票的）持票人: This cheque is payable to the bearer, ie to the person who presents it at a bank. 本支票可兑付给持票人./ˈbeərɪŋ; `bɛrɪŋ/ n  1 [sing] (a) way of standing, walking, etc; deportment （站立、步行等的）姿态: a man of soldierly bearing 有军人仪态的人. (b) behaviour 行为; 举止: her dignified bearing throughout the trial 在整个审讯过程中, 她那端庄的举止.  2 [U] ~ on sth relevance to sth 与某事物的关系: What he said had not much bearing on the problem. 他说的话跟这个问题没有多大关系.  3 bearings [pl] aspects 方面: We must consider the question in all its bearings. 我们应该考虑到问题的各个方面.  4 [C] direction in degrees as measured from a known position （从一已知位置测出的）方位（度数）: take a (compass) bearing on the lighthouse （用罗盘）测定灯塔的方位.  5 [C] device reducing friction in part of a machine where another part turns 轴承: ball-`bearings 滚珠轴承.  6 [C] heraldic emblem 纹章.  7 (idm 习语) get/take one's `bearings find out where one is by recognizing landmarks, etc （藉可辨认的陆标等）确定自己的位置. lose one's bearings => lose. past (all) `bearing no longer to be tolerated 忍无可忍./ˈbeərɪʃ; `bɛrɪʃ/ adj  1 rough or bad-tempered 粗暴的; 脾气坏的.  2 (finance 财) characterized by or causing a fall in the price of stocks 以证券价格下跌为特徵的; 引起证券价格下跌的: a bearish market 刮跌风的证券交易市场. Cf 参看 bullish (bull1).

=> bear1.n  1 fur of a bear 熊皮: [attrib 作定语] a bearskin rug 熊皮地毯.  2 tall hat of black fur worn by British guardsmen （英国卫兵戴的）黑皮高帽./biːst; bist/ n  1 (dated or fml 旧或文) animal, esp a large four-footed one 动物（尤指大的、有四条腿的）: all the beasts of the earth 地球上的一切走兽 * The lion is called the king of beasts. 狮子被称为百兽之王.  2 (a) brutal or disgusting person 野蛮的人; 令人生厌的人: When he's drunk he's a beast. 他喝醉时很野蛮. * Drink brings out the beast in him, ie emphasizes the brutal part of his nature. 他酒後兽性大发. (b) (infml 口) (used playfully or reproachfully 用以打趣或斥责) unpleasant person 令人不快的人: Stop tickling me, you beast! 别胳肢我了, 你这讨厌鬼! * Don't be such a beast! 别那么讨人嫌!animal, such as a donkey, used for carrying heavy loads on its back 力畜, 役畜, 牲口（如驴）.adj  1 like a beast; brutal 野兽般的; 凶残的.  2 (infml 口 esp Brit) unpleasant; nasty 使人不愉快的; 恶劣的: What beastly weather! 多么恶劣的天气! * That's absolutely beastly of him. 那他可太可恶了.  adv (infml 口 esp Brit) very; extremely 很; 极其: It's beastly cold outside! 外边冷极了!/biːt; bit/ v (pt beat, pp beaten/ 5bi:tn; `bitn/)  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sb/sth) repeatedly, esp with a stick （接连地）打（某人[某物]）（尤指棒打）: Somebody was beating at the door. 有人不停地敲门. * Who's beating the drum? 谁在敲鼓? * She was beating the carpet/beating the dust out of the carpet, ie removing dust from the carpet by beating it. 她正在敲打地毯[敲打地毯上的灰尘]（以敲打的方式除尘）.  2 [Cn.a] reduce (sb) to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把（某人）直打成某种状况: They beat the prisoner unconscious. 他们把那囚犯打得不省人事. =>Usage at hit1 用法见 hit1.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] change the shape of (esp metal) by blows; hammer 锤打使（尤指金属）变形; 用锤敲打: beaten silver 银箔 * The gold was beaten (out) into fine strips. 金子被锤成了细条形. * beat metal flat 把金属锤平.  4 [I, Tn] strike (bushes, undergrowth, etc) to raise game for shooting 击打（灌木、下层林木等）使猎物暴露出来以便射杀之.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (a path, etc) by pressing branches down and walking over them 披荆斩棘开辟（路等）; 踏出（一条路）: a well-beaten path, ie one worn hard by much use 久经践踏的路 * The hunters beat a path through the undergrowth. 猎人们开了一条路穿过小树丛.  6 [Ipr] ~ against/on sth/sb (of the rain, sun, wind, etc) strike sth/sb （指雨、日、风等）袭及某物[某人]: Hailstones beat against the window. 冰雹落在窗户上. * The waves were beating on the shore. 波涛拍岸.  7 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix sth vigorously using a fork, whisk, etc （用叉子、打蛋器等）用力搅拌某物: beat the eggs (up) (to a frothy consistency) 打蛋（至起泡的浓度） * beat the flour and milk together 把面粉和牛奶搅拌一起.  8 (a) [I] (of the heart) expand and contract rhythmically （指心脏）有节奏地舒张与收缩, 跳动: He's alive  his heart is still beating. 他还活着--心脏还在跳. (b) [I] give a rhythmical sound; pulsate 发出有节奏的响声; 脉动: We heard the drums beating. 我们听到了敲鼓的声音. (c) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move up and down repeatedly; flap （使某物）不停地上下动; 拍动: The birds wings were beating franticall

adj [pred 作表语] tired out; exhausted 筋疲力尽; 疲惫不堪: I'm (dead) beat. 我已筋疲力尽.

/biːt; bit/ n  1 stroke (eg on a drum) or regular sequence of strokes; sound of this 敲击（声）（如击鼓）; 有规律的一连串敲打（声）: We heard the beat of a drum. 我们听见敲鼓的声音.  2 emphasis repeated regularly, marking rhythm in music or poetry; strongly marked rhythm of pop or rock music （音乐或诗歌中形成节奏的）强音拍; （流行音乐或摇滚音乐的）强节奏: The song has a good beat. 这歌曲节奏很强.  3 route along which sb goes regularly; area allocated to a policeman, watchman, etc （某人日常行经的）路线; （警察、看守人等执行任务的）区域: a policeman out on the/his beat 外出到辖区执行巡逻任务的警察.  4 (idm 习语) out of/off one's `beat (infml 口) different from what one usually does; unfamiliar 非自己本行的; 非自己所擅长的. pound the beat => pound3.bring sb to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把某人[某物]直打成某种状况: The children were beaten into submission. 孩子们被打得服服贴贴. * The dog was beaten to death. 那狗被打得一命呜呼. beat sb/sth off drive sb/sth away by fighting 以战斗驱除某人[某事物]: The attacker/attack was beaten off. 进攻者[进攻]被打退了. beat sth out (a) produce (a rhythm, etc) by drumming 敲击出（节奏等）: He beat out a tune on a tin can. 他在洋铁罐上敲奏出一支曲子来. (b) extinguish (a fire) by beating 扑灭（火）: We beat the flames out. 我们把火扑灭了. (c) remove sth by striking with a hammer, etc 以锤打等方法除去: beat out the dent in the car's wing 锤平汽车挡泥板上的凹痕. beat sb to... arrive at (a place) before sb 先于某人到达（某处）: I'll beat you to the top of the hill, ie I'll race you and get there first. 我能比你先到山顶. beat sb to it achieve, reach or take sth before sb else 抢先一步; 捷足先登: Scott aimed to get to the South Pole first, but Amundsen beat him to it. 斯科特原打算第一个到达南极, 但是阿蒙森却已捷足先登. * I was about to take the last cake, but he beat me to it. 我正要去拿那最後一块蛋糕, 而他却抢先拿走了. beat sb up hit, kick or thrash sb severely 狠打、踢或揍某人: He was badly beaten up by a gang of thugs. 他被一帮暴徒打得死去活来.adj (infml 口 esp US) worn out; battered 穿破的; 用坏的: a ,beat-up old `car 破旧的汽车./ˈbiːtə(r); `bitɚ/ n  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) utensil for beating things 打东西用的器具: a `carpet-beater * an `egg-beater.  2 person employed to drive birds and animals out of the undergrowth towards huntsmen with guns 助猎者（受雇将鸟兽从矮树丛中驱赶至猎人处的人）./bɪəˈtɪfɪk; ˌbiə`tɪfɪk/ adj (fml 文) showing or giving great joy and serenity; blissful 快乐而安详的; 赐福的; 有福的: a beatific smile 慈祥的笑容. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./bɪˌætɪfɪkˈeɪʃn; bɪˌætəfə`keʃən/ n(a) [C] such an official statement 宣福礼. (b) [U] honouring or being honoured in this way 宣福或被宣福./bɪˈætɪfaɪ; bɪ`ætəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (of the Pope) honour (a dead person) by stating officially that he or she is in heaven （指教皇）为（死者）行宣福礼（宣布死者已升天）.n  1 hitting repeatedly with a stick, etc, usu as punishment （用棍棒等）接连打（通常作为惩罚）: givesb/get a good beating 给某人[挨了]一顿痛打.  2 (infml 口) defeat 失败: Our team got a sound beating. 我们队遭到惨败.  3 (idm 习语) take a lot of/some `beating be difficult to surpass 难以超越: She will take some beating, ie It will be difficult to do better than her. 超越她是不易的（要做得比她好绝非易事）. * His record will take a lot of beating. 他创的纪录很难打破./bɪˈætɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; bɪ`ætəˌtud/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) great happiness; blessedness 至福; 天福.  2 the Beatitudes [pl] (in the Bible) series of eight statements by Christ on blessedness, each beginning `Blessed are...' （《圣经》中）（耶稣所论的）八福（每论的开始都是 ｀这样的人有福了...＇）./ˈbiːtnɪk; `bitnɪk/ n (dated 旧) (in the 1950's and early 1960's) person behaving and dressing unconventionally as a defiant protest against Western morality and as a means of self-expression ｀垮掉的一代＇的成员（二十世纪五十年代及六十年代初期, 以怪僻的行为和奇特的装束表示蔑视西方道德并藉以表现自我的人）. Cf 参看 hippie./bəʊ; bo/ n (pl ~x/ bEUz; boz/)  1 (US) boy-friend; lover 男友; 情郎.  2 (dated 旧) dandy; fop 花花公子; 纨绔子弟./ˌbəʊfət ˈskeɪl; ˌbofɚt `skel/ scale for measuring wind speed ranging originally from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级（最初将风速划分为由0-12即由无风到飓风的等级）: registering 8 on the Beaufort scale 风力为8级.

/ˌbəʊfət ˈskeɪl; ˌbofɚt `skel/ scale for measuring wind speed ranging originally from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级（最初将风速划分为由 0-12 即由无风到飓风的等级）: registering 8 on the Beaufort scale 风力为 8 级./ˈbəʊʒəleɪ; <i>US</i> ˌbəʊʒəˈleɪ; ˌboʒə`le/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] (type of) light, usu red, wine from the Beaujolais district of France 博若莱酒（法国博若莱地区产的淡葡萄酒, 通常为红色）./bjuːt; bjut/ n (US and Austral sl 美, 澳, 俚) beautiful person or thing 美人; 美好的东西.

adj, interj (sl esp Austral 俚, 尤用于澳大利亚) excellent; fine 了不起的; 绝妙的./ˈbjuːtɪəs; `bjutɪəs/ adj (arch 古) beautiful 美丽的; 美好的./bjuːˈtɪʃn; bju`tɪʃən/ n person whose job is to give beautifying treatments to the face or body 美容师./ˌbjuːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌbjutəfə`keʃən/ n [U]./ˈbjuːtɪfl; `bjutəfəl/ adj  1 having beauty; giving pleasure to the senses or the mind 美丽的; 美观的; 美好的: a beautiful face, baby, flower, view, voice, poem, smell, morning 美妙的脸庞、婴儿、花朵、景物、声音、诗歌、气味、早晨 * beautiful weather, music, chocolate 极好的天气、音乐、巧克力.  2 very satisfactory 极其满意的: The organization was beautiful. 组织工作极佳. * What beautiful timing! 时间正合适!

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When describing people, beautiful and pretty are generally used of women and children, and handsome of men. 形容人的时候, beautiful和pretty一般用于妇女儿童, 而handsome则用于男子. They all relate to the pleasing appearance of the face. 这些词都可指容貌悦目. Beautiful is a serious and approving description, suggesting elegance and perfection. *beautiful是个有分量的、表示赞许的形容词, 含有高雅和完美的意思. Pretty may suggest a delicate feminine appearance and can be used disapprovingly of men. *pretty可指娇媚温柔的容貌, 但也可用于男子, 含贬义. Handsome may be applied to women and suggest dignity and maturity.*handsome可用于指妇女, 含有端庄和成熟的意思. Good-looking and attractive are used of both men and women. *good-looking和attractive用于男女均可. Fair (meaning `beautiful') is archaic. *fair（作beautiful解的词义）已不通用. All these adjectives except attractive can be used of animals and all except good-looking with inanimate and abstract nouns 所有这些形容词, 除attractive外, 均可用于动物, 而除good-looking外, 均可与指无生命的和抽象的名词连用: a beautiful/an attractive voice 优美的[动人的]嗓子 *  a handsome/good-looking horse 漂亮的[好看的]马 *  a beautiful/pretty village 美丽的[漂亮的]村庄 *  a handsome/an attractive offer 优厚的[打动人的]条件./-flɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv  1 in a lovely manner 美妙地: She sings beautifully. 她唱得美极了.  2 most satisfactorily 极其满意地: That will do beautifully. 那样好极了. * The car is running beautifully. 这辆汽车性能好极了./ˈbjuːtɪfaɪ; `bjutəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb/sth) beautiful; adorn 使（某人[某事物]）变美; 美化; 装饰. Cf 参看 prettify. /ˈbjuːtɪ; `bjutɪ/ n  1 [U] combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses (esp to the eye or ear) or to the mind 美: the beauty of the sunset, of her singing, of poetry 日落、她的歌喉、诗作之美 * She was a woman of great beauty. 她曾经是个大美人. * [attrib 作定语] a beauty competition/contest, ie one in which judges decide on the most beautiful competitor 选美会.  2 [C] (a) person or thing that is beautiful 美丽的人或事物: She was a famous beauty in her youth. 她年轻时是个有名的美人. * That new car is an absolute beauty. 那辆新车漂亮极了. (b) fine specimen; excellent example 极好的样品; 范例: Look at these moths: here's a beauty. 请看这些蛾子: 这是一个珍品. * That last goal was a beauty. 最後进去的那个球真漂亮. (c) pleasing or attractive feature 极具魅力或吸引力的特色: The beauty of living in California is that the weather is so good. 在加利福尼亚居住的好处就在于气候宜人. * The machine needs very little attention -- that's the beauty of it. 那机器不用怎样看管--好就好在这里.  3 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin `deep (saying 谚) outward appearance is less important than hidden or inner qualities 美貌只是一层皮（外表没有隐蔽的或内在的素质那么重要）.woman judged to be the most beautiful in a beauty contest （选美会上评选出的）最美的女子.place where customers receive treatment (eg face-massage, hairdressing, manicuring) to increase their beauty 美容院.(joc 谑) sleep before midnight, light-heartedly regarded as important for a person's beauty 美容觉（午夜前的睡眠, 戏称关乎美容）: Good night, I must get my beauty sleep. 再见吧, 我得去睡个美容觉.1 place famous for its beautiful scenery 风景点; 名胜.  2 mole or artificial spot on a woman's face, once thought to add to her beauty 美人斑（妇女面部天生的或人为的、曾被视为一种美的痣或斑）.pl of beau./ˈbiːvə(r); `bivɚ/ n  1 [C] fur-coated animal with strong teeth that lives both on land and in water and gnaws down trees to build dams 海狸.  2 [U] its brown fur 海狸的褐色皮毛: [attrib 作定语] a beaver hat 海狸皮帽子.  3 (idm 习语) an eager beaver => eager.

v (phr v) beaver away (at sth) (infml 口 esp Brit) work hard 勤奋工作: I've been beavering away at this job for hours. 我几小时一直在全力做这件事./ˈbiːbɒp; `bibɑp/ (also bop) n [U] type of jazz music with complex rhythms and harmonies 比博普（一种具有复杂的节律与和声的爵士音乐）./bɪˈkɑːmd; bɪ`kɑmd/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a sailing-ship) unable to move because there is no wind （指帆船）（因无风）不能航行.pt of become./bɪˈkɒz; <i>US</i> also -kɔːz; bɪ`kɔz/ conj for the reason that : I did it because he told me to. . * Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied. , T.prep by reason of (sb/sth); on account of []; : They are here because of us. . * He walked slowly because of his bad leg. . * Because of his wife('s) being there, I said nothing about it. , . /bek; bɛk/ n (Brit dialect 方) mountain stream; brook ; .

/bek; bɛk/ n (idm 习语) at one's/sb's ,beck and `call always ready to obey one's/sb's orders immediately 听命于人; 唯某人之命是从: The king has always had servants at his beck and call. 国王有奴仆们随时听他使唤. * I'm not at your beck and call, you know. 你要知道, 我是不会听你指使的./ˈbekən; `bɛkən/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.t, Dpr.t] ~ (to) sb (to do sth) make a gesture to sb with the hand, arm or head, usu to make him come nearer or to follow （以手、臂或头部的动作）召唤某人（通常为使之走近或跟随自己）: She beckoned (to) me (to follow). 她招手要我跟着她. * (fig 比喻) City life beckons (ie attracts) many a country boy. 都市生活吸引着许许多多的乡村子弟.  2 (phr v) beckon sb in, on, over, etc gesture to sb to move in a specified direction 示意某人按指定的方向行动: The policeman beckoned us over. 警察打手势让我们通过. * A girl standing at the mouth of the cave beckoned him in. 站在洞口的一个姑娘摆手叫他进去. * They beckoned me into the room. 他们示意我进入房间./ˈbekərel; bɛk`rɛl/ n (physics 物) SI unit of radioactivity 贝克勒尔（放射性强度的标准国际单位）./bed; bɛd/ n  1 (a) [C, U] thing to sleep or rest on, esp a piece of furniture with a mattress and coverings 床: go to bed 去睡; 就寝 * be in bed 卧床; 睡觉 * get out of/into bed 起[上]床 * sit on the bed 坐在床上 * a room with two single beds/a double bed 有两张单人床[一张双人床]的房间 * The tramp's bed was a park bench. 公园里的长凳就是这个流浪汉的床. * Can you give me a bed for the night? 你能留我过夜吗? (b) [U] being in bed; use of a bed; sleep or rest 睡觉; 卧床休息: I've put the children to bed. 我安置孩子们去睡觉了. * He has a mug of cocoa before bed. 他临睡前喝一缸子可可. * It's time for bed. 该睡觉了. (c) [C] mattress 床垫: a feather bed 羽绒床垫 * a spring bed 弹簧床垫. (d) [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) sexual intercourse 性交: They think of nothing but bed! 他们不想别的, 光想着行房!  2 [C] bottom of the sea, a river, a lake, etc （海、河、湖等的）底部: explore the ocean bed 探测海底.  3 layer of clay, rock, etc below the surface soil; stratum （地表下由黏土、岩石等构成的）分层; 地层: a bed of clay, limestone, sand, etc 一层黏土、石灰石、沙子等.  4 [C] (a) flat base on which sth rests; foundation 基座; 基础: The machine rests on a bed of concrete. 机器安装在混凝土基座上. (b) layer of rock, stone, etc as a foundation for a road or railway （公路或铁路的）路基.  5 garden plot; piece of ground for growing flowers, vegetables, etc 园圃里的小块种植地; 种植花草、菜蔬等的地块: a `seed-bed 苗床 * `flower-beds 花坛 * a bed of herbs 一片药草地.  6 (idm 习语) as one ,makes one's bed, so one must `lie on it (saying 谚) one must accept the consequences of one's own actions 自作自受; 自食其果. ,bed and `board overnight accommodation and meals （过夜的）膳宿. ,bed and `breakfast (abbrs 缩写 B and B, b and b) sleeping accommodation and a meal the next morning, in hotels, etc （旅馆之类的）夜宿兼包次日早餐: Bed and breakfast costs 15 a night. 留宿一夜兼包次日早餐费用为15英镑. a bed of `roses pleasant carefree living 快乐人生; 优哉游哉的生活: Life isn't a bed of roses. 人生并非事事称心如意. die in one's bed => die2.

/bed; bɛd/ v (-dd-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) place or fix sth firmly; embed sth 使某物固定或安置稳固; 嵌入某物中: The bricks are bedded in concrete. 用混凝土砌砖. * The bullet bedded itself in (ie went deeply into) the wall. 子弹嵌入（射入）墙中.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] plant (sth) 种植（某物）: Bed the roots in the compost. 把植物的根插入混合肥料中.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] accommodate (sb); provide with a bed 向（某人）提供住宿; 供给床位: The wounded were bedded in the farmhouse. 把伤员安置在农家住宿.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) have casual sexual intercourse with (sb) 随便地与（某人）发生性关系: He's bedded more girls than he can remember. 他和多少姑娘上过床, 多得连他自己也记不清了.  5 (phr v) bed down settle for the night 安排过夜: The soldiers bedded down in a barn. 士兵们在谷仓里打铺过夜. bed sth down provide (an animal) with straw, etc to rest on for the night （铺稻草等）供（动物）夜间歇息. bed sth out transfer (young plants) from a greenhouse, etc to a garden bed 将（幼小的植物）从温室等中移栽到园地里: bed out the seedlings, young cabbages, etc 移栽幼苗、幼小的洋白菜等.n [U] sheets and pillowcases 床单及枕头套.(also infml 口语亦作 bed-sitter, bed-sit) n (Brit) room used for both living and sleeping in 卧室兼起居室.n [U] urinating in bed while asleep 尿床./bɪˈdɔːb; bɪ`dɔb/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) smear sth/sb (with sth dirty, sticky, etc) （用脏物、黏物等）涂抹某物[某人]: faces bedaubed with grease-paint 用油彩抹过的脸.n wingless blood-sucking insect that lives in beds, etc 臭虫.n [pl] sheets, blankets, pillows, etc 床上用 品（床单、毯子、枕头等）.n [U]  1 bedclothes and mattresses 铺盖.  2 straw, etc for animals to sleep on （供动物歇息的）垫草. `bedding plant one suitable for planting in a garden bed 适于在园地里种植的植物./bɪˈdek; bɪ`dɛk/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) adorn or decorate sth/sb 装饰, 打扮某物[某人]: streets bedecked with flags 饰以旗帜的街道./bɪˈdevl; bɪ`dɛvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] trouble (sb/sth) greatly; torment; afflict 使（某人[某物]）大为困扰, 烦恼; 折磨: an industry bedevilled with strikes 为罢工所困扰的企业 * a family bedevilled by misfortune 遭遇到不幸的家庭 * Bad weather bedevilled our plans. 因为天气恶劣我们的计划大受影响.n (a) person with whom one shares a bed 同床者. (b) (fig 比喻) associate; companion 同事; 伙伴: The fortunes of war create strange bedfellows, ie unexpected alliances. 战乱使人萍水相逢（意料之外的结合）./ˈbedləm; `bɛdləm/ n [U] scene of noisy confusion; uproar 乱哄哄的场面; 喧嚣: What's happening in that room? It's (like) bedlam in there. 那个房间里怎么了? 乱哄哄的./ˈbedʊɪn; `bɛdᴜɪn/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) member of a nomadic Arab people living in tents in the desert 贝都因人（在沙漠中居住于帐篷里的阿拉伯游牧部落中的人）: [attrib 作定语] a bedouin tribe 阿拉伯游牧部落.n container for use as a lavatory by a person who is ill and in bed （卧床病人用的）便盆.n each of the upright supports at the corners of a bedstead (esp the old-fashioned type) （尤指旧式床的）床柱./bɪˈdrægld; bɪ`dræˇld/ (also draggled) adj made wet or dirty by rain, mud, etc; untidy （被雨、泥等）弄湿或弄脏的; 不整齐的: bedraggled appearance, clothes, hair 邋遢的样子、衣服、头发 * The tents looked very bedraggled after the storm. 暴风雨过後帐篷又湿又脏.adj confined to bed, esp permanently, because of illness or weakness （因患病或体弱）卧床不起的（尤指长期的）.n [U] (a) solid rock beneath loose soil, sand, etc 松土、沙子等下面的坚固的岩石: reach/get down to bedrock 深及基岩. (b) (fig 比喻) basic facts or principles 基本的事实或原则: the bedrock of one's beliefs 基本信念.n (esp US and NZ 尤用于美国及新西兰) portable bedding that can be rolled into a bundle (as used by campers) 铺盖卷（如露营者所用的）.n room for sleeping in 卧室.n [usu sing 通常作单数]  1 area beside a bed 床边: [attrib 作定语] a bedside table 床头小几.  2 (idm 习语) ,bedside `manner doctor's way of dealing with a patient 医疗服务态度: Dr Green has a good bedside manner, ie He is tactful and pleasant. 格林医生对病人的态度很好（他讲究方式方法, 使人愉快）.n sore on an invalid caused by lying in bed for a long time 褥疮.n top cover spread over a bed 床罩.n framework of wood or metal supporting the springs and mattress of a bed （木质或金属的）床架.n [U] time for going to bed 就寝时间: His bedtime is eight o'clock. 他的就寝时间是八点钟. * It's long past your bedtime. 你的就寝时间早就过了. * [attrib 作定语] a bedtime story, ie one read to a child at bedtime 睡前故事（给孩子临睡前讲的故事）./biː; bi/ n  1 four-winged insect with a sting, that lives in a colony and collects nectar and pollen from flowers to produce wax and honey 蜜蜂. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) the ,bee's `knees (infml 口) thing that is outstandingly good 出类拔萃之物: She thinks she's the bee's knees, ie has a very high opinion of herself. 她自视甚高. the birds and the bees => bird. busy as a bee => busy. have a `bee in one's bonnet (about sth) (infml 口) have a particular idea which occupies one's thoughts continually 头脑中总是不断地想着某一件事: Our teacher has a bee in his bonnet about punctuation. 我们的老师没完没了地琢磨着标点符号.

/biː; bi/ n (US) meeting in a group, esp of neighbours and friends, for work or pleasure （尤指邻居和朋友间为工作或娱乐而举行的）聚会: a `sewing bee 缝纫会 * a `spelling bee 拼字比赛.person who keeps honey bees 养蜂人./ˈbiːˌlaɪn; `biˌlaɪn/ n (idm 习语) make a `bee-line for sth/sb (infml 口) go directly towards sth/sb 直奔至某事物[某人]处: As soon as he arrived he made a bee-line for the bar. 他一来到就直奔向酒吧柜台./biːb; bib/ n the Beeb [sing] (infml 口) the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 英国广播公司./biːtʃ; bitʃ/ n (a) [C] (also `beech tree) type of tree with smooth bark, shiny leaves and small triangular nuts 山毛榉. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood 其木材./biːf; bif/ n  1 (a) [U] flesh of an ox, a bull or a cow, used as meat （食用）牛肉: [attrib 作定语] beef cattle, ie those bred and reared for their meat 菜牛（饲养以供肉食的牛）. (b) [C] (pl beeves/ bi:vz; bivz/) ox, etc bred for meat 菜牛.  2 [U] (infml 口) muscular strength 体力: He's got plenty of beef. 他力气很大.  3 [C] (pl beefs) (sl 俚) grumble; complaint 怨言; 牢骚.

v (sl 俚)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth/sb) grumble; complain 抱怨; 发牢骚: What are you beefing about now? 你在发什么牢骚?  2 (phr v) beef sth up (infml 口 esp US) add force or weight to sth 加强; 加重: The new evidence beefed up their case. 有了新的证据, 他们的理由更充足了.drink, usu for people who are ill, made by boiling beef in water 牛肉汁（通常作病人进补用）./ˈbiːfbɜːgə(r); `bifˌbɝˇɚ/ n hamburger 汉堡包./ˈbiːfiːtə(r); `bifˌitɚ/ n (Brit) guard at the Tower of London; Yeoman of the Guard 伦敦塔的卫兵; 英王仪仗卫士.n thick piece of beef for grilling, etc 牛排.adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) having a strong muscular body 身强体壮的; 肌肉发达的: He's big and beefy. 他身材魁梧, 肌肉发达. beefiness n [U].n container made for bees to live in 蜂房.pp of be.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Been is used as the past participle of both `be' and `go'  *been用作`be'和`go'两字的过去分词: I've never been seriously ill (be). 我从未得过大病（动词原形为 be）. * I've never been to London (go). 我从未去过伦敦（动词原形为 go）. Gone is also a past participle of `go'  *gone也是`go'的过去分词: They've been to the cinema means that they went and have returned. ｀他们去过电影院＇意思是他们去了而且已回来了. They've gone to the cinema means that they went and are not back yet. ｀他们去电影院了＇意思是他们去了但是还没回来./biːp; bip/ n short high-pitched sound, as made by a car horn or by electronic equipment （汽车喇叭或电子设备所发出的）嘟嘟声, 哔哔声.

v [I] make this sound 发嘟嘟声; 发哔哔声: The computer beeps regularly. 计算机发出有规律的哔哔声./bɪə(r); bɪr/ n  1 (a) [U] alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops, etc 啤酒: a barrel, bottle, glass of beer 一桶、瓶、杯啤酒 * [attrib 作定语] a `beer glass 啤酒杯. (b) [C] type of beer 啤酒的一种: beers brewed in Germany 产于德国的啤酒. (c) [C] glass of beer 一杯啤酒: Two beers, please. 劳驾, 来两杯啤酒.  2 [U, C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) other fermented drink made from roots, etc 用植物的根等经过发酵制成的其他饮料: ,ginger-`beer.  3 (idm 习语) ,beer and `skittles pleasure; amusement 欢乐; 吃喝玩乐: Marriage isn't all beer and skittles, ie isn't always free of trouble. 婚姻生活并不尽是吃喝玩乐（有时也免不了有些烦恼）. small beer => small.n small, usu cardboard, table-mat for a beer glass 啤酒杯垫（通常由硬纸板制成）./ˈbɪərɪ; `bɪrɪ/ adj like or smelling of beer 似啤酒的; 啤酒味的: a beery taste, smell 啤酒的味道、气味 * beery men 身上有啤酒味的人./ˈbiːzwæks; `bizˌwæks/ n [U] yellowish wax made by bees for building honeycombs, also used for making wood polish 蜂蜡; 黄蜡./biːt; bit/ n [U, C]  1 type of plant with a fleshy root which is used as a vegetable or for making sugar 甜菜.  2 (US) = beet./ˈbiːtl; `bitl/ n any of several types of insect, often large and black, with hard wing-cases 甲虫.

v (phr v) beetle along, about, away, off, etc (infml 口) move along, etc quickly, either on foot or in a car; hurry 急速移动（步行或乘车）; 急急忙忙: The kids beetled off home. 孩子们急急忙忙回家去了.

/ˈbiːtl; `bitl/ n tool like a hammer, with a heavy head for beating, crushing, etc 槌子; 夯./ˈbiːtlɪŋ; `bitlɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] over-hanging; jutting out 悬垂的; 突出的: beetling cliffs 悬崖./ˈbiːtruːt; `bitˌrut/ (US beet) n  1 [U, C] dark red fleshy root of the beet plant, eaten as a vegetable when cooked 甜菜根.  2 (idm 习语) red as a beetroot => red.pl of beef 2./bɪˈfɔːl; bɪ`fɔl/ v (pt befell/ bI5fel; bI`fZl/, pp befallen/ bI5fR:lEn; bI`fRlEn/) [I, Tn] (used only in the 3rd person 只用于第三人称) (arch 古) happen to (sb) 降临到（某人）头上; 发生: We shall never leave you, whatever befalls. 不管发生什么事情, 我们永远也不会离开你. * A great misfortune befell him. 一场大难降临到他的头上./bɪˈfɪt; bɪ`fɪt/ v (-tt-) [Tn] (used only in the 3rd person 只用于第三人称) (fml 文) be right and suitable for (sb); be appropriate for 适合于（某人）; 合适: You should dress in a way that befits a woman of your position. 你的衣着应与你这种地位的妇女相称. * It ill befits a priest to act uncharitably. 当牧师而不以慈悲为怀是不合适的.adj appropriate 适当的: act with befitting modesty 谦恭得体. adv./bɪˈfɒg; bɪ`fɑˇ/ v (-gg-) [Tn] confuse (sb/sth); make unclear or obscure 把（某人[某事物]）弄糊涂; 使模糊: Old age had befogged his mind. 他老糊涂了./bɪˈfɔː(r); bɪ`fɔr/ adv at an earlier time; in the past; already 以前; 过去; 已经: You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我. * It had been fine the day/week before, ie the previous day/week. 前一天[一周]天气很好（以过去某时为准的前一天[一周]）. * That had happened long before, ie a long time earlier. 那事老早就发生了（比过去某时早得多）. * I've seen that film before. 我以前看过那部影片. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. Cf 参看 after1, afterwards.

/bɪˈfɔː(r); bɪ`fɔr/ prep  1 earlier than (sb/sth) 早于（某人[某事物]）; 在（某人[某事物]）以前: before lunch 午餐前 * the day before yesterday 前天 * two days before Christmas 圣诞节的前两天 * The year before last he won a gold medal, and the year before that he won the silver. 他前年赢得一枚金牌, 大前年赢得一枚银牌. * She's lived there since before the war. 她从战前就一直住在那里. * He arrived before me. 他在我之前到达. * He taught English as his father had before him. 他教过英语, 他父亲以前也教过英语. * Something ought to have been done before now. 早就该采取措施了. * We'll know before long, ie soon. 我们不久就会知道. * Turn left just before (ie before you reach) the cinema. 在快要到电影院时向左拐. Cf 参看 after2 1.  2 (a) (with reference to position) in front of (sb/sth) （指位置）在（某人[某物]）前面: We knelt before the throne. 我们在御座前跪下. * (fig 比喻) The task before us is not an easy one. 我们面临的任务可不轻. Cf 参看behind2 1. (b) (with reference to order or arrangement) in front of (sb/sth); ahead of （指顺序或排列）在（某人[某事物]）之前; 先于（某人[某事物]）: B comes before C in the alphabet. B在字母表里排在C之前. * Your name comes before mine on the list. 名单上你的名字在我之前. * ladies before gentlemen 女士优先于先生 * He puts his work before everything, ie regards it as more important than anything else. 他把工作放在第一位（看得比任何事都重要）. Cf 参看 after2 3. 3 in the presence of (sb) 在（某人）面前: He was brought before the judge. 他被带到法官面前. * She said it before witnesses. 她是当着证人的面说的. * He made a statement before the House of Commons. 他在下议院当众发表了一个声明.  4 (fml 文) rather than (sth); in preference to 与其..., 不如...; 宁可: death before dishonour 宁死不受辱.  5 (fml 文) under pressure from (sb/sth) 被（某人[某事物]）所迫: Our troops recoiled before the attack. 我部队迫于敌人的进攻而後撤. * They retreated before the enemy. 他们迫于敌方压力而退却. * The ship sailed before the wind, ie with the wind blowing from behind. 轮船顺风航行.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 In front of and behind are prepositions and opposite in meaning  *in front of和behind均用作介词, 但意思相反. They indicate the relative position of people or things 这两个词语都指人或事物的相对位置 : Johnny is in front of me in the photo. 照片中约翰尼在我的前面. *  The garage is behind the house. 车房在房子的後面. *  The dog ran in front of the bus. 狗在公共汽车前面跑. *  The mouse ran behind the cupboard. 老鼠在柜子後面跑.  2 In front and behind are also adverbs *in front和behind还可作副词: I'd like to sit in front. 我愿意坐在前面. *  The taxi followed on behind. 计程车在後面跟着.  3 Before and after relate to time and can be *before和after可指时间, 可作 (a) adverbs 副词: the day after/before 次 日[前一日] *  I had met him before. 我在那事之前就见过他. *  I'll see you after. (Here afterwards is more common.) 我以後再见你. （此处用afterwards更普通.） (b) prepositions 介词: the day after/before my birthday 我生日的次日[前一日] * I'll see you after the meeting. 散会後我再见你. (c) conjunctions 连词: We had dinner after/before they arrived. 他们到达之後[之前]我们吃的饭.  4 Before and after can suggest place, especially when this is closely associated with time or order in a sequence. *before和after亦可指地点, 尤其用于所指的地点是与时间或先後顺序有密切关系时. I was before/after you in the queue. 我排队排在你前面[後面]. *  C comes before E in the alphabet. 在字母表里C排在E之前.

/bɪˈfɔː(r); bɪ`fɔr/ conj  1 earlier than the time when （指时间）在...以前: Do it before you forget. 趁早动手, 免得忘了. * It may be many years before we meet again. 大概要过许多年我们才能再见. * Before the week was out (ie had ended), they were dead. 那个星期还没过完他们就死了. * It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能把这部词典编译完. Cf 参看 after3.  2 rather than 宁愿: I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我宁死也不向他道歉!/bɪˈfɔːhænd; bɪ`fɔrˌhænd/ adv  1 in advance; in readiness; earlier 预先; 有准备地; 较早: I had made preparations beforehand. 我预先作了准备. * He warned me beforehand what to expect. 他预先提醒过我这件事. * We were aware of the problem beforehand. 我们事先就知道有这个问题.  2 ~ (with sth) early or too early 早; 过早: She is always beforehand with the rent, ie is ready to pay it before it is due. 她总是提前把租金准备好. Cf 参看 behindhand./bɪˈfrend; bɪ`frɛnd/ v [Tn] act as a friend to (sb); be kind to (esp sb needing help) 对（某人）尽朋友之道; 对（某人, 尤指需要帮助者）照顾: They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter. 他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘, 给她吃的、给她住处. * We were befriended by a stray dog. 有一只失散的狗倒和我们很好./bɪˈfʌdld; bɪ`fʌdld/ adj made stupid; confused 搞糊涂的; 迷迷糊糊的: his befuddled mind 他那糊涂的头脑 * be befuddled by drink, old age 因喝酒、年老而迷迷糊糊./beg; bɛˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sb); ~ (for) sth (from/of sb) ask for (money, food, clothes, etc) as a gift or as charity; make a living in this way 乞求（金钱、食物、衣服等）; 行乞: There are hundreds begging in the streets. 街上有数以百计的乞丐. * a begging letter, ie one that asks for help, esp money 求援信（尤指要求金钱资助的） * He was so poor he had to beg (for) money from passers-by. 他穷得要向行人乞求布施.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Cn.t] ~ sth (of sb)/~ (sb) for sth ask earnestly or humbly (for sth) 恳求, 祈求（某事物）: Set him free, I beg (of) you! 放开他吧, 我求求你! * May I beg a favour (of you)? 可以（请你）帮个忙吗? * He begged mercy (of the king). 他祈求（国王）宽恕. * He begged (her) for forgiveness. 他请求（她）原谅. * The boy begged that he might be allowed/begged to be allowed to come with us. 这男孩子恳求允许他和我们一道来. * I beg (of) you not to take any risks. 我恳求你不要冒险. =>Usage at ask 用法见 ask.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (of a dog) stand on the hind legs with the front paws raised expectantly （指狗）用後腿站立前爪抬起作乞求状: teach one's dog to beg (for its food) 教狗乞食.  4 (idm 习语) beg leave to do sth (fml 文) ask for permission to do sth 请求准许干某事: I beg leave to address the Council. 我请求允许向议会发表演说. beg sb's `pardon apologize to sb for sth one had done or said, or intends to do or say, that is inconvenient for others or is considered rude in polite society 请原谅, 很抱歉（言行失当或失礼时常作此语）. beg the `question not deal properly with the matter being discussed by assuming that a question needing an answer has been answered （假定需解决的问题已解决, 用以）回避正题: Your proposal begs the question whether a change is needed at all. 到底是否需要改革, 你的提议回避了问题的实质. I beg to differ (used to express disagreement with sb 用以表示与某人意见不一致): `He's clearly the best candidate.' `I beg to differ.' ｀他显然是最合适的候选人了.＇｀恕我不能赞同.＇ go `begging (of things) be unwanted （指物）不想要的; 没人要的: If that sandwicpt of begin./bɪˈget; bɪ`ˇɛt/ v (-tt-; pt begot/ bI5gCt; bI`^Bt/ or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 begat/ bI5gt; bI`^At/, pp begotten/ bI5gCtn; bI`^Btn/) [Tn]  1 (arch 古) be the father of (sb) 为（某人）之父: Abraham begat Isaac. 亚伯拉罕生了以撒.  2 (fml or dated 文或旧) cause (sth); result in 产生（某事物）; 导致: War begets misery and ruin. 战争是苦难与毁灭的祸根./ˈbegə(r); `bɛˇɚ/ n  1 person who lives by begging; very poor person 乞丐; 很穷的人.  2 (infml 口) person; fellow 人; 家伙: You lucky beggar! 你这幸运的家伙! * The cheeky beggar! 不要脸的家伙!  3 (idm 习语) ,beggars can't be `choosers (infml saying 口, 谚) when you have no choice, you must be satisfied with what is available 叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦（无选择余地, 只好有什么算什么）; 饥不择食: I would have preferred a bed, but beggars can't be choosers so I slept on the sofa. 我本想要张床, 但是叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦, 所以我就睡在沙发上了.

v  1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) poor; impoverish; ruin 使（某人[某事物]）穷, 贫困; 毁坏: a nation beggaredby crippling taxes 困于苛捐杂税的国民.  2 (idm 习语) beggar de`scription be too extraordinary to describeadequately 难以形容: a sunset which beggared description妙不可言的日落景象 * His conduct is so bad it beggars (all) description. 他的品行之坏不可名状.adj  1 very poor 赤贫的; 极穷的.  2 mean; ungenerous 刻薄的; 吝啬的: a beggarly wage 菲薄的工资.n [U] extreme poverty 赤贫: be reduced to beggary 陷于极度贫困之中./bɪˈgɪn; bɪ`ˇɪn/ v (-nn-; pt began/ bI5gn; bI`^An/, pp begun/ bI5gQn; bI`^Qn/)  1 (a) [Tn] set (sth) in motion; start 使（某物）启动; 开始: begin work, a meeting 开始工作、开会 * The building hasn't even been begun. 这座建筑物还没有动工呢. * I began school (ie attended it for the first time) when I was five. 我五岁入学. * He has begun (ie started reading or writing) a new book. 他已开始读（或写）一本新书. (b) [I] be set in motion; start 启动; 开始: When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始? * The meeting will begin at nine. 会议将在九点开始. * Building began last year. 建筑工程去年已经开始.  2 (a) [Tt] (used to indicate states of mind, or mental activities, which are starting 用以指心理状态和思维活动的开始): She began to feel dizzy. 她感到头昏眼花. * I'm beginning to understand. 我逐渐明白了. * I was beginning to think you'd never come. 我开始意识到你永远不会来了. (b) [Tt, Tg] (used to indicate a process that is beginning, the subject being a thing, not a person 用以指一过程的开始, 主语是物而不是人): The paper was beginning to peel off the walls. 墙上的纸渐渐脱落了. * The barometer began to fall. 气压计的读数开始下降. * The water is beginning to boil. 水逐渐沸腾起来. => Usage 见所附用法.  3 [I, Ipr] be the first to do sth or take the first step in doing sth （在做某事时）作为起始者或作为第一步: Shall I begin (ie take the first step or be the first to speak)? 我可以开始说了吗[可以由我开始吗]? * Let's begin at (ie start from) page 9. 我们从第9页开始吧. * She's begun on (ie started writing or reading) a new novel. 她已开始写（或阅读）一本新小说. * I have to begin with an apology. 我得首先表示歉意.  4 [I, Ipr] have its starting-point or first element; have its nearest boundary 起始于; 起源于; 最接近的界限为: When does spring end and summer begin? 春天在什么时候结束, 夏天从什么时候开始? * The new fare will be 1, beginning (from) next month. 从下月起, 新车费为1英镑. * The English alphabet begins with `A' and ends with `Z'. 英文字母表以A开始, 以Z结束.  5 [Tt] (infml 口) (usu in negative sentences 用于否定句)

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Very often begin and start can be used in the same way, though start is more common in informal speech *begin和start的用法往往相同, 但start多用于口语: What time do you begin/start work in the morning? 你上午几点钟开始工作? *  The concert begins/starts at 7.30 pm. 音乐会晚上7时30分开始.  2 After continuous tenses of begin and start we do not normally use the -ing form of a verb  在begin和start的进行时态之後, 一般不用动词的-ing形式: He began/started crying/to cry but It's starting/beginning to rain (NOT raining). ｀他哭起来了＇（英文句中可用crying/to cry）, 但｀下起雨来了＇（英文句中不可用raining）.  3 In some senses only start can be used 有些词义只可用start: If we want to get there tonight, we should start (ie set off) now. 假设我们想今天晚上到那里, 现在就得动身. *  The car won't start/I can't start the car. 这辆汽车发动不起来[这辆汽车我发动不起来].n  1 person who is just beginning to learn or do sth 初学者; 新手.  2 (idm 习语) beginner's `luck good luck or accidental success at the start of learning to do sth 初学者的好运气或意外成功.n  1 (a) first part 开始的部分: I missed the beginning of the film. 我没能看到这部影片的开头. * You've made a good beginning. 你已经做出了良好的开端. (b) starting-point 起点: Recite the poem (right) from the (very) beginning. 从头开始背诵这首诗. * I've read the book from beginning to end. 我把这本书从头到尾看完了.  2 (often pl 常作复数) source; origin 源; 根源: Did democracy have its beginnings in Athens? 民主制度是创始于雅典吗? * Many big businesses start from small beginnings. 许多大企业都是从小企业起步的.  3 (idm 习语) the ,beginning of the `end first clear sign of the final (and usu unfavourable) outcome 结局（通常为不利者）的前兆: Defeat in this important battle was the beginning of the end for us. 这场重要战役的失利是我们败局已定的前兆./bɪˈgɒn; <i>US</i> -ˈgɔːn; bɪ`ˇɔn/ interj (arch 古) go away immediately 走开./bɪˈgəʊnɪə; bɪ`ˇonɪə/ n garden plant with brightly coloured leaves and flowers 秋海棠./bɪˈgɒrə; bɪ`ˇɑrə/ interj (Irish 爱尔兰) By God! 天哪!pt, pp of beget.=> begot/bɪˈgrʌdʒ; bɪ`ˇrʌdʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] resent or be dissatisfied with (sth) 对（某事物）感到不快或不满: I begrudge every penny I pay in tax. 我交税交的每一便士心里都不痛快.  2 [Dn.n] envy (sb) the possession of (sth) 忌妒（某人）有（某事物）: Nobody begrudges you your success. 没有人忌妒你的成功. adv./bɪˈgaɪl; bɪ`ˇaɪl/ (dated or fml 旧或文)  1 (a) [Tn] charm (sb) 迷住（某人）: The travellers were beguiled by the beauty of the landscape. 游客对这美丽的景色赞叹不已. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) win the attention or interest of sb; amuse sb 吸引某人的注意或兴趣; 使某人快乐: He beguiled us with many a tale of adventure. 他讲了许多冒险故事, 我们听得津津有味. (c)[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/by sth) cause (time, etc) to pass pleasantly 使（时间等）过得愉快: Our journey was beguiled with spirited talk. 我们旅行中谈笑风生, 过得很愉快.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive sb 欺骗某人: They were beguiled into giving him large sums of money. 他们受骗, 给了他一大笔钱. n [U]. adj. adv./ˈbeɪgəm; beˇəm/ n Muslim woman of high rank 穆斯林贵妇.pp of begin./bɪˈhɑːf; <i>US</i> -ˈhf; bɪ`hæf/ n (idm 习语) on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb 做某人的代表或代言人; 为某人之利益: On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意. * Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场, 所以我代表他领奖. * The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child. 法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益. * Don't be uneasy on my behalf, ie about me. 不要为我担心./bɪˈheɪv; bɪ`hev/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ well, badly, etc (towards sb) act or conduct oneself in the specified way （举止或行为）表现: She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲. * He has behaved shamefully towards his wife. 他对妻子的态度很可耻.  2 [I, Tn] ~ (oneself) show good manners; conduct oneself well 表现良好; 行为良好: Children, please behave (yourselves)! 孩子们, 规矩些!  3 [I] (of machines, etc) work or function well (or in another specified way) （指机器等）运转或性能良好: How's your new car behaving? 你的新汽车好使吗?/bɪˈheɪvjə(r); bɪ`hevjɚ/ n  1 [U] way of treating others; manners 待人态度; 举止: She was ashamed of her children's (bad) behaviour. 她因为她的孩子不规矩而感到羞愧. * Their behaviour towards me shows that they do not like me. 从他们对我的态度可以看出他们不喜欢我.  2 [U] way of acting or functioning 行为方式; 活动方式: study the behaviour of infants, apes, bees 研究婴儿、猿猴、蜜蜂的活动习性.  3 (idm 习语) be on one's best behaviour => best1./-jərəl; -jərəl/ adj of behaviour 行为的. be,havioural `science study of human behaviour 行为科学./-jərɪzəm; -jərˌɪzəm/ n [U] (psychology 心) doctrine that all human actions could, if full knowledge were available, be explained by stimulus and response 行为主义. /-jərɪst; -jərɪst/ n believer in this doctrine 行为主义者./bɪˈhed; bɪ`hɛd/ v [Tn] cut off the head of (sb), esp as a punishment 砍（某人）的头（尤指刑罚）: Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536. 安妮·博林于1536年被斩首.pt, pp of behold./bɪˈhest; bɪ`hɛst/ n (idm 习语) at sb's be`hest (dated or fml 旧或文) on sb's orders 听命; 遵命: at the king's behest/at the behest of the king 奉谕旨./bɪˈhaɪnd; bɪ`haɪnd/ prep  1 (a) in or to a position at the back of (sb/sth) 在或向（某人[某事物]）的後面: Who's the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德後面的那个姑娘是谁? * Stay close behind me in the crowd. 在人群里你要紧紧地跟着我. * The golf course is behind our house. 高尔夫球场在我们房屋的後面. * a small street behind the station 车站後面的一条小街 * She glanced behind her. 她向身後看了一眼. * work behind the counter, eg as a sales assistant in a shop 站柜台 * Don't forget to lock the door behind you, ie when you leave. 别忘了出门时把门锁上. * (fig 比喻) The accident is behind you now (ie in the past), so forget about it. 事情已经过去了, 别再想它了. (b) on the other side of (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）的另一面: hide behind a tree 躲在树的後面 * Behind the curtain she found a door. 在帘子的後面她发现了一个门. * The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 太阳躲到云层里去了. Cf 参看 in front of (front). =>Usage at before2 用法见 before2.  2 making less progress than (sb/sth) 落後于（某人[某事物]）: He's behind the rest of the class in reading. 他在阅读方面不如班上的其他同学. * Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology. 在发展现代技术方面英国落後于日本. * be behind schedule, ie late 落後于预定计划.  3 supportive of (sb/sth); in favour of 支持（某人[某事物]）; 赞成: My family is right behind me in my ambition to become a doctor. 我们家对我立志当医生完全赞同. * He's trying to win the election with only 30% of voters behind him. 他正争取在选举中取胜, 虽然只有30%的选民支持他.  4 responsible for starting or developing (sth) 作为发生或发展（某事物）的起因: the thought that was behind the suggestion 提出这个建议的想法 * the man behind the scheme to build a new hospital 兴建新医院这一方案的发起人.  5 (idm 习语) be behind sth be the reason for sth 是某事物的原因: What's behind the smart suit and eager smile? 穿得这样漂亮、笑得这样甜, 究竟是什么原因?

/bɪˈhaɪnd; bɪ`haɪnd/ adv part  1 in or to a position at the back of sb/sth 在或向（某人[某事物]）背後: I cycled off down the road with the dog running behind. 我骑着自行车顺着道路行驶, 那只狗在後面跟着跑. * The others are a long way behind. 其他的人远远地落在後面. * What have we left behind (ie after going away)? 我们走後留下什么了? * Don't look behind or you may fall. 别回头看, 不然要跌跤的. * He was shot from behind as he ran away. 他跑开时, 有人从後面将他射中. * We had fallen so far behind that it seemed pointless continuing. 我们已经落在後面很远, 继续下去似乎没有什么意义. * I had to stay behind after school, ie remain in school after lessons were over. 放学以後我还得留在学校. Cf 参看 in front (front). =>Usage at before2 用法见before2.  2 ~ (in/with sth) failing to pay (money) or complete (work) by the date when it is due; in arrears (with sth) 拖欠; 积压: I'm terribly behind (with the rent) this month. 我这个月（租金）拖欠得太久了. * He's behind in handing in homework. 他没能按时交家庭作业.

/bɪˈhaɪnd; bɪ`haɪnd/ n (infml euph 口, 婉) buttocks 屁股: She fell and landed on her behind. 她摔了个仰八叉. * He kicked the boy's behind. 他踢这个男孩儿的屁股./bɪˈhaɪndhænd; bɪ`haɪndˌhænd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with/in sth) in arrears or late (esp in paying a debt) 拖欠; 晚交（尤指欠款）: be behindhand with the rent 欠租 * get behindhand in one's work 拖延工作 * He is never behindhand in offering advice, ie is always eager to advise. 他向别人提出劝告从来都很及时（一向热衷于劝人）. Cf 参看 beforehand./bɪˈhəʊld; bɪ`hold/ v (pt, pp beheld/ bI5held; bI`hZld/)  1 [Tn] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (often imperative 常用于祈使语气) see (esp sth unusual) 看（尤指不寻常之物）: The babe was a wonder to behold. 这个婴孩看上去令人称奇. * Behold the king! 看, 国王驾到!   2 (idm 习语) lo and behold => lo. > beholder n./bɪˈhəʊldən; bɪ`holdən/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) owing thanks or indebted to sb 感激某人; 欠某人人情: We were much beholden to him for his kindness. 我们对他的好意感激万分./bɪˈhəʊv; bɪ`hov/ (US behoove/ bI5hu:v; bI`huv/) v [Tnt] (used with it; not in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 不用于进行时态) (dated or fml 旧或文) be right or necessary for (sb) 对（某人）来说理应或必须: It behoves you (ie You ought) to be courteous at all times. 你应当时时刻刻注意礼节. * It ill behoves Anne (ie She ought not) to speak thus of her benefactor. 安不应该这样谈论她的恩人./beɪʒ; beʒ/ adj, n [U] (of a) very light yellowish brown 米黄色（的）: a beige carpet 米色地毯./ˈbiːɪŋ; `biɪŋ/ n  1 [U] (a) existence 存在: the richest company in being today 现今实力最为雄厚的公司 * What is the purpose of our being? 我们生存的目的是什么? (b) one's essence or nature; self 本质; 本性; 本身: I detest violence with my whole being. 我从心底里憎恶暴力.  2 [C] living creature 生物: human beings 人 * a strange being from another planet 来自其他星球的奇异生物.  3 (idm 习语) bring sth into `being cause sth to have reality or existence; create sth 使某事物产生或存在; 创造出某物. ,come into `being begin to exist 开始存在: When did the world come into being? 世界是何时开始存在的?/bɪˈdʒuːəld; bɪ`dʒuəld/ adj decorated or adorned with jewels 饰以珠宝的./bɪˈleɪbə(r); bɪ`lebɚ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) (arch 古) beat sb/sth hard; attack sb/sth 使劲打某人[某物]; 攻击: He belaboured the donkey mercilessly. 他恶狠狠地猛抽那头驴. * (fig 比喻) They belaboured us with insults. 他们对我们肆加凌辱./bɪˈleɪtɪd; bɪ`letɪd/ adj coming very late or too late 来得很迟的; 来得太迟的: a belated apology, Christmas card 为时已晚的道歉、来迟了的圣诞贺卡. adv./bɪˈleɪ; bɪ`le/ v [Tn] (in mountaineering and sailing) fix (a rope) round a peg, rock, etc in order to secure it （登山和航海时）将（绳索）系绕于（桩子、岩石等）上以固定之.

/bɪˈleɪ; bɪ`le, also, in mountaineering 作登山用词时, 亦作 ˈbiːleɪ; ˈbile/ n fixing a rope in this way 以上述方法固定绳索./beltʃ; bɛltʃ/ v  1 [I] send out gas from the stomach noisily through the mouth 打嗝.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/forth) send sth out from an opening or a funnel; gush sth 从洞穴或烟囱中放出（某物）; 喷出: factory chimneys belching smoke (into the sky) 工厂中（向天上）冒烟的烟囱 * The volcano belched out smoke and ashes. 火山喷出了烟尘.

n act or sound of belching 嗝; 打嗝声: give a loud belch 大声地打了一个嗝./bɪˈliːgə(r); bɪ`liˇɚ/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态]  1 besiege (sb/sth) 围住, 围攻（某人[某事物]）: a beleaguered garrison 被围的要塞.  2 harass (sb) continually 使（某人）苦恼不已: beleaguered by naughty children 受顽皮孩子的烦扰./ˈbelfrɪ; `bɛlfrɪ/ n  1 tower for bells; part of a church tower in which bells hang 钟楼; 教堂塔楼中悬钟的部分. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 (idm 习语) have bats in the belfry => bat1./bɪˈlaɪ; bɪ`laɪ/ v (pres p belying, pp belied) [Tn]  1 give a wrong or an untrue idea of (sth) 使人对于（某事物）产生错误的或不符合实际的想法: His cheerful manner belied his real feelings. 他那快活的样子掩饰了他的真实感情.  2 fail to justify or fulfil (a hope, promise etc) 不足以证明; 未能实现（希望、诺言等）: Practical experience belies this theory. 实际经验证明这个理论是错误的./bɪˈliːf; bɪ`lif/ n  1 [U] ~ in sth/sb feeling that sth/sb is real and true; trust or confidence in sth/sb 对某事物[某人]的真实性和正确性所具有的信心; 对某事物[某人]的信仰或信赖: I haven't much belief in his honesty, ie cannot feel sure that he is honest. 我对他的诚实缺乏足够的信心. * He has great belief in his doctor, ie is confident that his doctor can cure him. 他对那位医生无比信赖. * She has lost her belief in God, ie no longer thinks that God exists. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）.  2 [C] (a) thing accepted as true or real; what one believes 认为正确或确实的事物; 信念; 相信: It is my belief that..., ie It is my firm opinion that... 我相信.... * He acted in accordance with his beliefs. 他按照自己的信念行事. (b) religion or sth taught as part of religion 宗教信仰; 教义: Christian beliefs 基督教的教义.  3 (idm 习语) beyond be`lief too great, difficult, dreadful, etc to be believed; incredible （因太大、太难、太可怕等）难以置信的; 不可思议的: I find his behaviour (irresponsible) beyond belief. 我发觉他的所作所为（不负责任）到了简直令人难以置信的地步.  in the belief that... feeling confident that... 相信...: He came to me in the belief that I could help him. 他到我这里来, 相信我能帮助他.  to the best of one's belief/knowledge => best3.adj that can be believed 可信的.believably/ -EblI; -EblI/ adv./bɪˈliːv; bɪ`liv/ v  1 [Tn, Tw] feel sure of the truth of (sth); accept the statement of (sb) as true 相信（某事物）的真实性; 认为（某人）的话属实: I believe him/what he says. 我相信他[他的话]. * I'm innocent, please believe me. 我是无辜的, 请相信我吧. * I'll believe it/that when I see it, ie Until I have evidence, I remain sceptical. 我亲眼见到才能相信（尚无证据, 我仍有怀疑）. * I'm told he's been in prison, and I can well believe it, ie it doesn't surprise me. 有人对我说他进过监狱, 我完全能够相信这一点.  2 [Tf, Tw, Tnt] think (perhaps mistakenly); suppose 认为, 以为（容或有误）; 设想: People used to believe (that) the world was flat. 过去人们以为地球是扁的. * Nobody will believe what difficulty we have had/believe how difficult it has been for us. 谁也想像不到我们遇到了什么样的困难[这对我们来说一直是多么困难]. * They believed him to be insane. 他们认为他疯了. * I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的. * Mr Smith, I believe, ie I presume you are Mr Smith. 我想您就是史密斯先生吧. * `Is he coming?' `I believe so/not.' ｀他来吗?＇｀我想他来[不来].＇  3 [I] have religious faith 具有宗教信仰: He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven. 他认为凡是信神者都将进天堂.  4 (idm 习语) be,lieve it or `not it may sound surprising but it is true 信不信由你: Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 信不信由你, 我们冒雨一直等了两个小时. be,lieve (you) `me I assure you 我向你保证: Believe you me, the government won't meddle with the tax system. 我向你保证, 政府绝不会干预税收制度的. give sb to believe/understand => give1. lead sb to believe => lead3. make believe (that...) pretend 假装: The boys made believe (that) they were astronauts. 男孩儿们假扮成航天员. Cf 参看 make-believe (make1). not be,lieve one's `ears/`eyes be unable to believe that what one hears or sees is real because one is so astonished 惊讶得无法相信所见所闻是事实. ,seeing is `believing (saying 谚) one needs to see sth before one can believe it exists or happens 眼见为实. ,would you be`lieve (it)? (expressin  1 person who believes, esp sb with religious faith 笃信者; （尤指）教徒.  2 (idm 习语) be a (great/firm) believer in sth feel sure of the worth of sth 肯定某事物的价值: I'm not a great believer in (taking) regular physical exercise. 我对经常锻炼身体的好处有点怀疑./bəˈliːʃə; bə`liʃə/ (also beacon) (Brit) post with an orange flashing light on top, marking a pedestrian crossing 人行横道指示灯（为橘黄色闪光灯）./bɪˈlɪtl; bɪ`lɪtl/ v [Tn] make (a person or an action) seem unimportant or of little value 轻视; 贬低: Don't belittle yourself, ie Don't be too modest about your abilities or achievements. 不要小看你自己.n [U].adj making sb seem unimportant or worthless 轻视某人的; 小看某人的: I find it belittling to be criticized by someone so much younger than me. 有个比我年轻许多的人批评了我, 我觉得是小看了我./bel; bɛl/ n  1 hollow metal object, usu shaped like a cup, that makes a ringing sound when struck 钟; 铃: church bells 教堂的钟 * a bicycle bell 自行车的铃. =>illus 见插图. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.  2 sound of this as a time-signal （报时的）钟声或铃声: There's the bell for the end of the lesson. 下课铃响了. * The boxer was saved by the bell, ie He escaped further severe treatment when the bell sounded. 那拳击手因铃响而得救（因铃响而免遭对方进一步的打击）.  3 thing shaped like a bell 钟形物. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x.  4 (idm 习语) clear as a bell => clear1. ring a bell => ring2. sound as a bell => sound1.(US) person in charge of bellboys （旅馆男服务员的）领班.adj (of trousers) made in this way 喇叭式的（指裤）.n [pl] trousers made very wide below the knee 喇叭裤. n buoy with a warning bell that is made to ring by the movement of the waves 钟铃浮标（随波浪运动而发声）.n handle or cord pulled to make a bell ring （钟或铃的）柄或拉索.n button pressed to operate an electric bell 电铃按钮.n [C], `bell-ringing n [U] (person) ringingchurch bells 教堂鸣钟（者）. Cf 参看 campanology.n tent supported by a central pole and shaped like a bell 钟形帐篷（由中心立柱支撑, 呈钟形）.n (US) = page-boy (page2)./bel; bɛl/ n beautiful woman or the most beautiful woman in a group, etc 美女; 艳压群芳的美人: the belle of the ball, ie the most beautiful woman present at a dance 舞会之花（舞会上最美的女子） * the belle of New York 纽约美人./ˌbel ˈletrə; bɛl`lɛtrə/ n [sing or pl v] (French 法) literary studies and writings (contrasted with those on commercial, technical, scientific, etc subjects) 纯文学.(pl -men) ns (US) = bellboy./ˈbelɪkəʊs; `bɛləˌkos/ adj (fml 文) eager to fight; warlike; aggressive 好斗的; 好战的; 寻衅的: abellicose nation, nature 好斗的民族、天性. /ˌbelɪˈkɒsətɪ; ˌbɛlə`kɑsətɪ/ n [U]./-əns; -əns/, belligerency/ -EnsI; -EnsI/ ns [U]./bɪˈlɪdʒərənt; bə`lɪdʒərənt/ adj  1 waging war; engaged in a conflict 交战的; 卷入冲突的: the belligerent powers, ie those countries at war 交战国.  2 showing an eagerness to fight or argue; aggressive 好斗或好辩成性的; 寻衅的: a belligerent person, manner, speech 寻衅的人、态度、言辞.

n country, group or person engaged in war 交战的国家、群体或个人.=> bellhop/ˈbeləʊ; `bɛlo/ v  1 [I] make a deep loud noise like a bull; roar, esp with pain 发出（像牛的）吼叫声; 咆哮（尤指因痛苦）: The bull bellowed angrily. 公牛怒吼起来.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb) say (sth) loudly or angrily; shout （大声地或愤怒地）说出（某事）; 大叫: The music was so loud we had to bellow at each other to be heard. 音乐的声音实在太大, 我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清. * The sergeant bellowed orders at the platoon. 士官向全排士兵大声地发出命令. 

n./ˈbeləʊz; `bɛloz/ n [pl] apparatus for driving air into or through sth, eg through the pipes of a church organ 风箱: a pair of bellows, ie two-handled bellows for blowing air into a fire 手用吹风器（俗称皮老虎）./ˈbelɪ; `bɛlɪ/ n  1 (a) part of the body below the chest, containing the stomach, bowels and digestive organs; abdomen 腹部. =>illus at horse 见horse之插图. (b) (infml 口) front of the human body from the waist to the groin 肚子. (c) stomach 胃: with an empty belly, ie hungry 空着肚子（饿着）.  2 bulging or rounded part of sth 物体鼓出或成弧状的部分: in the belly of a ship 在船腹里.

v (pt, pp bellied) (phr v) belly (sth) out swell out 鼓胀; 凸出: The sails bellied out. 船帆张得满满的. * The wind bellied out the sails. 大风把帆张得满满的.n (infml 口) navel 肚脐.n dance, originating in the Middle East, performed by a woman with erotic movements of the belly 肚皮舞. n.n (infml 口) clumsy dive in which the body hits the water almost horizontally （身体近乎平着入水的）笨拙跳水.n (infml 口) deep loud unrestrained laugh 捧腹大笑.n [C, U] (infml 口) stomach pain 胃痛.  v [I] (infml 口) grumble repeatedly; complain, esp without good reason 怨天尤人, 满腹牢骚（尤指无充分理由）: Stop bellyaching all the time! 别总是满腹牢骚!/ˈbelɪfʊl; `bɛlɪˌfᴜl/ n (idm 习语) have had a/one's `bellyful of sb/sth (infml 口) have had as much as one can tolerate of sb/sth 受够了（某人[某事物]）: I've had a/my bellyful of your complaints. 我已经听够了你的怨言./bɪˈlɒŋ; <i>US</i> -lɔːŋ; bə`lɔŋ/ v  1 [Ipr] (a) ~ to sb be the property of sb 为某人之财物; 属于: These books belong to me, ie are mine. 这些书是我的. * Who(m) does this belong to? 这是谁的? (b) ~ to sth be connected with sth or a place; be correctly assigned to sth 与某事物或某处有关联; 派作某种用场正好: I belong to Glasgow. 我是格拉斯哥人. * That lid belongs to this jar. 那个盖子是配这个瓶子的.  2 ~ to sth be a member of (a group, a family, an organization, etc) 是（某团体、家庭、组织等中的）一员: He has never belonged to a trade union. 他从未加入过工会. * The daffodil belongs to the genus `Narcissus'. 黄水仙是水仙属植物.  3 (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb/sth) have a proper or usual place, as specified 应该在某处; 通常在某处: Where does this belong? ie Where is it kept? 这个应该在什么地方? * The hammer belongs (in the shed) with the rest of the tools. 这把锤子通常和（工具房的）其他工具放在一起. * The vase belongs on this shelf. 花瓶应该放在这个架子上. * A child belongs with (ie should live with and be cared for by) its mother. 孩子应该和母亲在一起（应和母亲一同生活以便得到照顾）. * These items don't belong under this heading, ie are wrongly classified. 这些项目不该列在这个标题下（不属此类）. (b) [I] fit a certain environment 适应某种环境: He doesn't feel he belongs/has no sense of belonging here, ie He feels an outsider. 他不适应这儿的环境（他觉得自己是外人）.n [pl] person's movable possessions (ie not land, buildings, etc) 动产（即指除土地、建筑物等之外的财产）: After his death his sister sorted through his (personal) belongings. 他死後, 他妹妹整理了他的（私人）财物. * The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire. 因旅馆失火, 游客财物尽失.adj (a)/ bI5lQvd; bI`lQvd/ [pred 作表语] ~ (by/of sb) much loved 深爱: This man was beloved by/of all who knew him. 认识他的人都很喜欢他. (b)/ bI5lQvId; bI`lQvId/ [attrib 作定语] much loved; darling 深爱的; 亲爱的: in memory of my beloved husband 纪念亲爱的丈夫.

/bɪˈlʌvɪd; bɪ`lʌvɪd/ n dearly loved person; darling 心爱的人; 爱人: He wrote a sonnet to his beloved. 他写了一首十四行诗, 献给他心爱的人./bɪˈləʊ; bə`lo/ prep at or to a lower position, level, rank, etc than (sb/sth) 在或向低于（某人[某事物]）的位置、平面、等级等: Please do not write below this line. 请不要写在这条线的下面. * Skirts must be below (ie long enough to cover) the knee. 裙子要长过膝盖以下. * The body was visible below the surface of the lake. 尸体在湖水下清晰可见. * The temperature remained below freezing all day. 温度整天都在冰点以下. * A sergeant in the police force is below an inspector. 警察中巡佐的职位低于巡官. * The standard of his work is well below the average of his class. 他的成绩大大低于班上的平均成绩. * You can cross the river a short distance below (ie downstream from) the waterfall. 在瀑布下游附近可以过河. Cf 参看 above2.

adv part  1 at or to a lower level, position or place 在或向较低处: the sky above and the sea below 上面的天, 下面的海 * live on the floor below 住在下一层楼 * hear the music from below 听到从下面传来的音乐声 * See below (eg at the foot of the page) for references. 见下面（如本页末）注解. * The passengers who felt seasick stayed below. 晕船的乘客待在下层.  2 (idm 习语) down below => down. here below => here. Cf 参看 above1./belt; bɛlt/ n  1 strip of leather, cloth, etc usu worn around the waist 腰带; 裤带: a coat with a belt attached 有腰带的外套 * a `sword-belt 佩剑带 * You don't need braces if you're wearing a belt! 若系着腰带, 就用不着背带了!  2 endless moving strap, used to connect wheels and so drive machinery or carry things along 传动带; 传送带: a `fan belt 风扇皮带 * a con`veyor belt 运输带.  3 distinct area, region or extent; zone 地带; 分区; 地区; 区域: a country's `cotton, `forest, in`dustrial, etc belt 国家的产棉、森林、工业等地区 * live in the com`muter belt 住在通勤者居住带 * a belt of rain moving across the country 经该国而移动的降雨带.  4 (sl 俚) heavy blow 重击; 痛打.  5 (idm 习语) (hit sb) below the `belt (fight) unfairly 用不正当手段（攻击）. tighten one's belt => tighten (tight). under one's `belt (infml 口) achieved; obtained 达到的; 获得的: She already has good academic qualifications under her belt. 她已获得良好学历.

v  1 (a) [Tn] put or fasten a belt round (sth) 围绕（某物）系上带子: Your mackintosh looks better belted. 你的雨衣系上带子更好看. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] attach (sth) with a belt 用带子系住（某物）: The officer belted his sword on. 军官用皮带扣住佩刀.  2 [Tn, Dn.n] (sl 俚) thrash (sb); hit 抽打（某人）; 打: If you don't shut up, I'll belt you (one). 你再不闭嘴, 我就揍你（一顿）.  3 (phr v) belt along, up, down, etc (sl 俚) move very fast in the specified direction 向某方向快速移动: A car came belting along (the road). 一辆汽车（沿路）飞速驶来. * He went belting up/down the motorway at 90 mph. 他在高速公路上以每小时90英里的速度疾驶. belt sth out (sl 俚) sing or play sth loudly and forcefully 大声地、强有力地唱出或奏出: a radio belting out pop music 大声播放流行音乐的收音机. belt `up (a) (infml 口) fasten one's seat-belt (esp in a car) 束紧安全带（尤指乘坐汽车时）. (b) (sl 俚) be quiet 安静: Belt up, I can't hear what your mother is saying! 安静点, 我听不见你母亲说的话了.(US) bus or train service that operates around the edge of a city or city area 环城线（围绕城市外缘或市区行驶的公共汽车或火车服务系统）.n (sl 俚) beating 打: give the boy a good belting, ie thrash him soundly 给这孩子一顿痛打./bɪˈməʊn; bɪ`mon/ v [Tn] (fml 文) show sorrow for or complain about (sb/sth) 为（某人[某事物]）而悲伤, 抱怨: bemoan one's sad fate 自叹命苦 * bemoan the shortage of funds for research 抱怨研究经费不足./bɪˈmjuːzd; bɪ`mjuzd/ adj bewildered or confused 困惑的; 茫然的; 不知所措的: a bemused tone of voice 含混的声调 * He was totally bemused by the traffic system in the city. 这城市里的交通制度把他完全弄糊涂了./ben; bɛn/ n (Scot 苏格兰) (esp in names) mountainpeak （尤用于名称中）山峰: Ben Nevis 尼维斯峰./bentʃ; bɛntʃ/ n  1 [C] (a) long seat made of wood or stone （木制或石制的）长凳: a park bench 公园中的长凳. (b) (Brit) (in the House of Commons) seat for a certain group of MPs （下议院中）某类议员的席位: the back-/cross-/front-benches 後座[中立/前座]议员席 * There was cheering from the Labour benches. 从工党议员席那边响起一阵欢呼声.  2 the bench (a) [sing] lawcourt 法院: the Queen's Bench, ie a division of the British High Court of Justice 英国高等法院. (b) [sing] judge's seat in court （法院中的）法官席位. (c) [Gp] judges or magistrates as a group 法官（总称）. (d) [Gp] judge(s) or magistrate(s) hearing a case （审理案件的）法官.  3 [C] long working-table for a carpenter, mechanic, scientist, etc （木工、机修工人、科研人员等使用的长形的）工作台.  4 (idm 习语) on the `bench appointed as a judge or magistrate 担任法官职务.seat (for two or three people) across the whole width of a car （汽车中的）横排长座.n (a) mark cut in a rock, concrete post, etc by surveyors for use in measuring comparative levels, etc 基准点（测量人员在岩石、混凝土立柱等上面刻下的标记, 用以测量相对高度等. (b) (fig 比喻) standard example or point of reference for making comparisons （供比较之用的）样板或参照点./bend; bɛnd/ v (pt, pp bent/ bent; bZnt/)  1 [Tn, Tn.p] force (sth that was straight) into an angle; make crooked or curved 使弯曲: It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易. * The mast was bent during the storm. 桅杆在风暴中变弯了. * The heat of the fire has bent these records. 火把这些唱片烤翘了. * Touch your toes without bending your knees. 用手够到你的脚趾, 膝盖别弯曲. * bend the wire up/down/forwards/back 把金属线弯上去[下去/向前/向後].  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an object) become curved or angular （指物体）弯曲: The road bends to the right after a few yards. 这条路在几码远的地方转向右方. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an object) turn downwards in a curve （指物体）向下弯: The branch bent but didn't break when the boy climbed along it. 那男孩爬上树枝时, 树枝弯曲了, 但是没有折断. (c) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) bow or stoop (in a specified direction) （使某人）弯腰, 弯身; （使某物沿某方向）弯: She bent down and picked it up. 她俯身把它拾起来. * He bent forward to listen to the child. 他弯下身来听那孩子说话. * The boy bent over to be caned. 那男孩子撅过屁股来挨藤条打. * They (were) bent double crouching under the table. 他们蜷着身子蹲在桌子底下. * His head was bent over a book. 他埋头读书.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] turn (sth) in a new direction 使（某物）转到新的方向: We bent our steps towards home. 我们转过脚步朝家走.  4 (idm 习语) bend the `rules change or interpret the rules, laws, etc in a way that suits oneself or the circumstances （根据情况）放宽规定; 变通; 通融. bend one's mind to sth direct one's thoughts to sth 专心于某事物: He couldn't bend his mind to his studies. 他不能专心学习. bend/lean over backwards =>  backwards (backward). on bended `knee(s) (as if) kneeling to pray or to beg humbly （彷佛）跪下祈祷或卑躬屈膝地哀求.  5 (phr v) bend (sb) to sth (force sb to) submit to sth （迫使某人）屈服, 顺从: bend to sb's will 顺从某人的意志 * bend sb to one's will 使某人顺从. be bent on sth/on doing sth be determined on (a course of action); have one's mind firmly set on (doing) sth 决心采取（

/bend; bɛnd/ n  1 curve or turn, esp in a road, racecourse, river, etc 弯, 拐角（尤指道路、赛场跑道、河流等）: a slight, gentle, sharp, sudden, etc bend 一个小小的、平缓的、急转的、突然出现的...弯.  2 sailor's knot for tying rope 绑结（水手打的绳结）.  3 (idm 习语) (drive sb/be/go) round the bend/twist (infml 口) (make sb/be/become) crazy; mad （使某人）发疯, 恼火: His behaviour is driving me round the bend, ie annoys me very much. 他的行为使我很恼火./ˈbendə(r); `bɛndɚ/ n (sl 俚) period of wild drinking 狂饮的一段时间: go on a drunken bender for three days 狂饮三天./bendz; bɛndz/ n [pl] the bends (infml 口) severe pains and difficulty in breathing experienced by deep-sea divers who come to the surface too quickly 潜函病（深海潜水员因浮出水面太快而感到关节剧痛、呼吸困难的症状）.adj (infml 口) (a) having many bends; winding 弯弯曲曲的; 迂回曲折的: a bendy road 弯弯曲曲的道路. (b) that can be bent easily; flexible 易弯曲的; 柔性的: bendy material 柔性材料 * a bendy twig 易弯曲的嫩枝./bɪˈniːθ; bɪ`niθ/ prep (fml 文)  1 in or to a lower position than (sb/sth); under 在或向低于（某人[某事物]）的位置; 在...下面: They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们在一堆树叶下面发现了那具尸体. * The boat sank beneath the waves. 小船淹没在浪涛中.  2 not worthy of (sb) 对（某人）来说不值得: He considers such jobs beneath him, ie not suited to his rank or status. 他认为做这样的工作有失身分. * They thought she had married beneath her, ie married a man of lower social status. 他们认为她下嫁给了社会地位比她低的人. Cf 参看 above2.

adv (fml 文) in or to a lower position; underneath 在或向较低的位置; 在下面: Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath. 她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹.n  1/ 9benI5dIktIn; 9bZnE`dIktIn/ [C] monk or nun of the religious order founded by St Benedict 圣本笃修会的修士或修女: [attrib 作定语] the Benedictine order 本笃会.  2/ 9benI5dIkti:n; 9bZnE`dIktIn/ [U, C] (propr 专利名) liqueur originally made by monks of this order （本笃会修士创始酿造的）甜露酒./ˌbenɪˈdɪkʃn; ˌbɛnə`dɪkʃən/ n [C, U] blessing, esp one said before a meal or at the end of a church service 祝福（尤指餐前或礼拜结束时的祝祷）: pronounce/say the benediction 祝福 * confer one's benediction on sb 祝福某人./ˌbenɪˈfækʃn; ˌbɛnə`fækʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] action of giving or doing good 善行; 善举.  2 [C] gift; donation 赠品; 捐赠: She made many charitable benefactions. 她作过很多慈善捐赠./ˈbenɪfæktə(r); `bɛnəˌfæktɚ/ n person who gives money or other help to a school, hospital, charity, etc 捐助者; 施主./ˈbenɪfæktrɪs; `bɛnəˌfæktrɪs/ n womanbenefactor 女捐助人; 女施主./ˈbenɪfɪs; `bɛnəfɪs/ n position (in charge of a parish) that provides a clergyman with his income （牧区牧师的）有俸圣职./ˈbenɪfɪst; `bɛnəˌfɪst/ adj having a benefice享有圣俸的: a beneficed priest 享有圣俸的牧师./bɪˈnefɪsns; bə`nɛfəsns/ n [U]./bɪˈnefɪsnt; bə`nɛfəsnt/ adj (fml 文) showing active kindness; generous; charitable 行善的; 乐善好施的; 慷慨的; 慈善的: a beneficent patron 慷慨的赞助人. /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl; ˌbɛnə`fɪʃəl/ adj ~ (to sth/sb) having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous 有益的; 有用的; 有好处的: a beneficial result, influence, etc 有益的结果、影响等 * Fresh air is beneficial to one's health. 新鲜空气有益于健康. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv./ˌbenɪˈfɪʃerɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈfɪʃɪerɪ; ˌbɛnə`fɪʃɪɛrɪ/ n person who receives sth, esp one who receives money, property, etc when sb dies 受益者; 受惠者; （尤指）承受遗产者./ˈbenɪfɪt; `bɛnəfɪt/ n  1 (a) [U] profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown) 利益, 实惠, 未来的好处（尤与以下所示动词及介词连用）: Because of illness she didn't get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处. * I've had the benefit of a good education. 我得益于良好的教育. * It was achieved with the benefit (ie help, aid) of modern technology. 借助现代技术, 这个目标已经达到. * The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处. * A change in the law would be to everyone's benefit. 法律中的一项修改将符合所有人的利益. (b) [C] thing from which one gains or profits; advantage 优越性; 优良条件: the benefits of modern medicine, science, higher education 现代医学、科学、高等教育的优良条件.  2 [U, C] allowance of money, etc to which sb is entitled from an insurance policy or from government funds 保险金; 救济金; 抚恤金; 补助金: medical, unemployment, sickness, etc benefit(s)医疗、失业、疾病等补助.  3 [C, esp attrib 尤作定语] public performance or game held in order to raise money for a particular player, charity, etc （为某运动员或慈善事业等筹款而举行的）义演或义赛: a `benefit match, performance, concert, etc 义赛、义演、慈善音乐会等.  4 (idm 习语) for sb's benefit in order to help, guide, instruct, etc sb 以对某人进行帮助、指引、指导等: The warning sign was put there for the benefit of the public. 那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕. * Although she didn't mention me by name, I know her remarks were intended for my benefit. 虽然她没提到我的名字, 但我明白她的话是为我好. give sb the ,benefit of the `doubt accept that sb is innocent, right, etc because there is no clear evidence to support one's feeling that he may not be 因证据不足而承认某人无罪、无过失等: By allowing her to go free the judge gave the accused the benefit of the doubt. 法官对被告作了无罪推定而释放了她.

v (pt, pp -fited; US also -fitted)  1 [Tn]do good to (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）受益: These facilities have benefited the whole town. 这些设施使全城受益.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/by sth) receive benefit or gain 得益: Who stands to (ie is likely to) benefit most by the new tax laws? 什么人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处? * He hasn't benefited from (ie become wiser with) the experience. 他虽有体验却无长进./bɪˈnevələns; bə`nɛvələns/ n [U] desire to do good; kindness and generosity 好心肠; 善心; 仁慈./bɪˈnevələnt; bə`nɛvələnt/ adj ~ (to/towards sb) 1 being, or wishing to be, kind, friendly and helpful 好心肠的; 与人为善的; 助人为乐的: a benevolent air, attitude, manner, etc 和蔼可亲的神态、态度、样子等 * a benevolent dictator 发善心的独裁者 * benevolent despotism 施仁政的专制政体.  2 doing good rather than making profit; charitable 行善的; 慈善的: a benevolent institution/society/fund 慈善机构[团体/基金].adv./bɪˈnaɪtɪd; bɪ`naɪtɪd/ adj (dated 旧) unenlightened morally or intellectually; ignorant; backward 未开化的; 愚昧无知的; 落後的: benighted savages 未开化的野人./bɪˈnaɪn; bɪ`naɪn/ adj  1 (of people or actions) kindly; gentle （指人或行为）慈祥的, 和善的.  2 (of climate) mild; pleasant （指气候）温和的, 宜人的.  3 (of a tumour, etc) not likely to spread or recur after treatment; not dangerous （指肿瘤等）良性的, 无危险的. adv. Cf 参看 malignant./bent; bɛnt/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural skill (at sth); liking or inclination (for sth/doing sth) （对某事物的）特长; （对某事物[做某事]的）爱好, 嗜好: She has a (natural) bent for music. 她（生性）爱好音乐. * He is of a studious bent. 他天生好学.  2 (idm 习语) follow one's bent => follow./bɪˈnʌmd; bɪ`nʌmd/ adj (fml 文) made numb; with all feeling taken away 麻木的; 失去感觉的: fingers benumbed with cold 冻得麻木的手指./ˈbenzədriːn; `bɛnzədrin/ n [U] (propr 专利名) type of amphetamine 苯齐巨林; 苯异丙胺; 安非他明./ˈbenziːn; `bɛnzin/ n [U] colourless liquid obtained from petroleum and coal tar, used in making plastics and many chemical products 苯./ˈbenziːn; `bɛnzin/ n [U] colourless liquid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum and used in dry-cleaning 轻质汽油; 挥发油; 石油精./ˈbenzɒl; <i>US</i> -zɔːl; `bɛnzɔl/ n [U] (esp unrefined) benzene （尤指未经提炼的）苯./bɪˈkwiːð; bɪ`kwið/ v (fml 文) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) 1 arrange, by making a will, to give (property, money etc) (to sb) when one dies 将（财物等）遗赠（给某人）: He bequeathed 1000 (to charity). 他遗赠（给慈善事业）1000英镑. * She has bequeathed me her jewellery. 她把珠宝遗赠给我了.  2 (fig 比喻) pass on (knowledge, etc) (to those who come after) 将（知识等）传给（後人）: discoveries bequeathed to us by scientists of the last century 上个世纪的科学家留传给我们的发现./bɪˈkwest; bɪ`kwɛst/ n (fml 文)  1 act of bequeathing 遗赠: the bequest of one's paintings to a gallery 把绘画遗赠给美术馆.  2 thing bequeathed; legacy 遗产; 遗物: leave a bequest of 2000 each to one's grandchildren 留给孙儿每人一笔2000英镑的遗产./bɪˈreɪt; bɪ`ret/ v [Tn] (fml 文) scold sharply 严厉责备; 痛斥./bɪˈriːv; bə`riv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sb) (fml 文) deprive sb (esp of a relative) by death 使某人丧失（尤指亲属）: an accident which bereaved him of his wife and child 使他丧失妻儿的事故 * the bereaved husband, ie the man whose wife had died 死了妻子的男人.n  1 [U] state of being bereaved 丧失亲人; 丧亲之痛: We all sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我们对你丧亲之痛表示同情.  2 [C] instance of this 亲人丧亡: She was absent because of a recent bereavement. 她因最近丧亲而缺席./bɪˈreft; bə`rɛft/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) deprived of (a power or quality) 失去（某种能力或性质）: be bereft of speech, ie be unable to speak 失去说话的能力 * bereft of hope, ie without hope 失去希望 * bereft of reason, ie mad 失去理智./ˈbereɪ; <i>US</i> bəˈreɪ; bə`re/ n round flat cap with no peak, usu made of soft cloth or felt 贝雷帽（扁圆的无檐帽, 通常用柔软的布或毡制成）. =>illus at hat 见 hat 之插图./ˌberɪˈberɪ; `bɛrɪ`bɛrɪ/ n [U] mainly tropical disease affecting the nervous system, caused by lack of vitamin B 脚气（由于缺乏维生素B而引起的影响神经系统的热带疾病）./bɜːk; bɝk/ n (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) stupid person (esp a man) 笨蛋（尤指男子）./ˈberɪ; `bɛrɪ/ n  1 small juicy fruit without a stone 聚合果: blackberry 黑莓 * raspberry 悬钩子 * holly berries 泡叶旬子.  2 (botany 植) fruit with seeds enclosed in pulp (eg gooseberry, tomato, banana) 浆果（如醋栗、西红柿、香蕉）.  3 egg of a fish or lobster 鱼或龙虾的卵.  4 (idm 习语) brown as a berry => brown./bəˈsɜːk; bɚ`sɝk/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] wild with rage 狂怒: send sb/go/be berserk 使某人勃然大怒./bɜːθ; bɝθ/ n  1 sleeping-place on a ship, train, etc （船、列车等的）卧铺.  2 place for a ship to be tied up in a harbour, or to be at anchor （船舶的）停泊地或锚位: find a safe berth, eg one protected from bad weather 寻找安全的停泊地（如躲避恶劣天气的处所）.  3 (infml 口) job or position (esp an enjoyable one) 职务或职位（尤指顺心的）: a snug/cosy berth 舒适的[惬意的]职位.  4 (idm 习语) give sb/sth a wide berth => wide.

v  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] provide (sb) with a sleeping-place 为（某人）提供卧铺: Six passengers can be berthed on the lower deck. 下层舱可为六位乘客提供卧铺.  2 (a) [Tn] tie up (a ship) in a harbour or at a suitable place; moor 将（船）系泊（在港口或适当地方）; 停泊. (b) [I] (of a ship) come to a berth; moor （指船）来到停泊地; 停泊: The liner berthed at midday. 班轮中午到达停泊地./ˈberəl; `bɛrəl/ n transparent precious stone, usu green 绿宝石; 绿柱石; 绿玉./bɪˈsiːtʃ; bɪ`sitʃ/ v (pt, pp besought/ bI5sR:t; bI`sRt/ or  beseeched) (fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) ask sb earnestly; implore sb; entreat sb 恳求、哀求或祈求某人: Spare him, I beseech you. 我恳求你饶了他吧. * The prisoner besought the judge for mercy/to be merciful. 囚犯恳求法官宽恕[乞求宽大].  2 [Tn] ask earnestly for (sth); beg for (sth) 企求（某事物）; 乞求（某事物）: She besought his forgiveness. 她乞求他原谅. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask.adj [attrib 作定语] (of a look, tone of voice, etc) entreating or appealing for sth （指样子、声调等）恳求的, 哀求的. adv./bɪˈset; bɪ`sɛt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp beset) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) surround (sb/sth) on all sides; trouble constantly; threaten 围绕（某人[某事物]）; 镶嵌; 困扰; 威胁: beset by doubts 为疑问所困扰 * The voyage was beset with dangers. 这次航程充满了危险. * the difficulties, pressures, temptations, etc that beset us all 缠绕着我们的困难, 压力, 诱惑等.adj [attrib 作定语] habitually affecting or troubling sb 经常影响着或困扰着某人的: a besetting difficulty/fear/sin 重重的困难[经常性的恐惧/易犯的罪恶]./bɪˈsaɪd; bɪ`saɪd/ prep  1 at the side of (sb/sth); next to 在（某人[某事物]）的旁边; 在...附近: Sit beside your sister. 坐在你妹妹旁边. * I keep a dictionary beside me when I'm doing crosswords. 我填纵横字谜的时候, 手边总有一本字典.  2 compared with (sb/sth) 与（某人[某事物]）相比: Beside your earlier work this piece seems rather disappointing. 这件工作同你早先的工作相比, 有些令人失望.  3 (idm 习语) be`side oneself (with sth) having lost one's self-control because of the intensity of the emotion one is feeling （因过于激动）失去自制力: He was beside himself with rage when he saw the mess. 他看到一切都乱七八糟就勃然大怒./bɪˈsaɪdz; bɪ`saɪdz/ prep  1 in addition to (sb/sth) 除（某人[某事物]）之外（还有）: There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. 除约翰外, 还有我们五个人要一起吃饭. * The play was badly acted, besides being far too long. 这出戏除了太长之外, 演得也不好.  2 (following a negative 用于否定词之後) except (sb/sth); apart from 除（某人[某事物]）之外（没有）: She has no relations besides an aged aunt. 她除了有一个年老的伯母以外, 再没有亲戚了. * No one writes to me besides you. 除你以外, 没有人给我写信.

adv in addition; also 而且; 还有: I haven't time to see the film  besides, it's had dreadful reviews. 我没有时间去看这部影片--再说, 影评也诸多贬斥. * Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼得是我们最小的孩子, 我们另外还有三个孩子./bɪˈsiːdʒ; bɪ`sidʒ/ v  1 [Tn] surround (a place) with armed forces in order to make it surrender （用军队）包围（某处）以迫降: Troy was besieged by the Greeks. 特洛伊城被希腊人包围了.  2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] surround (sb/sth) closely; crowd round 围住（某人[某事物]）; 团团围住: The Prime Minister was besieged by reporters. 首相被记者们团团围住. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb with sth overwhelm sb with (questions, requests, etc) 以（问题, 请求等）使某人应接不暇: The teacher was besieged with questions from his pupils. 学生提出的问题很多, 教师应接不暇./bɪˈsmɪə(r); bɪ`smɪr/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) (fml 文) make sth/sb dirty; smear sth/sb (with greasy or sticky stuff) 将某物[某人]弄脏; （以油性或黏性物质）涂污: hands besmeared with oil 被油污弄脏了的手./bɪˈsmɜːtʃ; bɪ`smɝtʃ/ (also smirch) v [Tn] (fml 文) dishonour (sb/sth); slander 玷污（某人[某事物]）; 诽谤: besmirch sb's reputation, name, honour, etc 败坏某人的名誉、名声、荣誉等./bɪˈsɒtɪd; bɪ`sɑtɪd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (by/with sb/sth) made silly or stupid, esp by love 发痴, 变蠢（尤指受爱情驱使）: He is totally besotted with the girl, ie deeply in love with her. 他一心痴恋着那个姑娘.pt, pp of beseech./bɪˈspŋgld; bɪ`spæŋˇld/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) decorated with (things that shine or sparkle) 用（亮晶晶的东西）装饰: a sky bespangled with stars 闪烁着繁星的天空./bɪˈspætəd; bɪ`spætɚd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) covered with (spots of dirt, etc) （被泥点等）溅污: Her clothes were bespattered with mud. 她的衣服溅上了泥污./bɪˈspiːk; bɪ`spik/ v (pt bespoke/ bI5spEUk; bI`spok/, pp bespoke or  bespoken/ bI5spEUkEn; bI`spokEn/) [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) be evidence of (sth); indicate 证明（某事物）; 表示: His polite manners bespoke the gentleman. 他那彬彬有礼的举止显出他是个绅士./bɪˈspektəkld; bɪ`spɛktəkld/ adj wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的./bɪˈspəʊk; bɪ`spok/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of clothes) made according to the customer's specifications （指衣服）定做的: a bespoke suit 一套定做的衣服.  2 making such clothes 做定做衣服的: a bespoke tailor 做定做衣服的裁缝.  3 (computing 计) (of software) specially written to suit the needs of the individual user（指软件）为适应个别使用者的需要特别编写的./best; bɛst/ adj (superlative of good1  good1的最高级)  1 of the most excellent, desirable, suitable, etc kind 最好的; 最优秀的; 最理想的; 最合适的: my best friend 我最好的朋友 * the best dinner I've ever had 我吃过的最好的一顿饭 * The best thing to do would be to apologize. 最好还是道歉吧. * The best thing about the party was the food. 在那次聚会中最好的就是食物了. * He's the best man for the job. 他是最适于做这项工作的人. * What is the best (ie the shortest, easiest, etc) way to get there? 到那里去最好怎么走（最短、最方便等）? * It's best to go by bus. 最好坐公共汽车去. Cf 参看 good, better.  2 (idm 习语) be on one's best be`haviour behave as well as possible 竭力循规蹈矩. one's best bet (infml 口) action most likely to bring success 最好的办法; 最佳措施: Your best bet would be to call again tomorrow. 你最好明天再打电话来. one's best bib and `tucker (dated or joc 旧或谑) one's best clothes, worn only on special occasions （只在特殊场合下才穿的）最好的衣服. one's best/strongest card => card1. the best/better part of sth => part1. make the best use of sth use sth as profitably as possible 充分利用某事物: She's certainly made the best use of her opportunities. 她确实充分利用了一切机会. put one's best `foot forward go as fast as one can 从速行事. with the ,best will in the `world even when one has made every effort to be fair, etc 尽管已尽心竭力.

/best; bɛst/ adv (superlative of well2  well2的最高级)  1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) in the most excellent manner 最好地: the best-dressed politician 穿得最讲究的政治家 * the best kept garden in the street 这条街上收拾得最漂亮的花园 * He works best in the mornings. 他早晨工作效率最高. * These insects are best seen through a microscope. 这些昆虫透过显微镜看得最清楚. * She's the person best able to cope. 她是个最能妥善处理问题的人. * Do as you think best, ie as you think should be done. 你认为怎么好, 就怎么办吧. * You know best, ie You know better than anyone else what should be done, what is correct, etc. 你最清楚不过了. (b) to the greatest degree; most 最大程度地; 最: the best-known/ best-loved politician 最着名的[最受人爱戴的]政治家 * I enjoyed his first novel best (of all). 我最喜欢他的第一部小说.  2 (idm 习语) as ,best one `can not perfectly but as well as one is able to 尽自己最大努力; 尽力而为: The facilities were not ideal but we managed as best we could. 设备不理想, 但我们已经尽了最大的努力. for reasons/some reason best known to oneself => reason. had better/best =>better2. know best => know.

/best; bɛst/ n [sing]  1 that which is best; the outstanding thing or person among several 最好的东西; 最好的人: She wants the best of everything, ie wants her life, possessions, etc to be perfect. 她要的一切都是最好的. * When you pay that much for a meal you expect the best. 一顿饭花那么多钱是想吃到最好的东西. * He was acting from the best of motives. 他的动机是好的. * She's the best of the lot/bunch. 她出类拔萃. * He is among the best of our workers. 他是我们工作人员中最好的一个. * We're the best of friends, ie very close friends. 我们是至交（最亲密的朋友）.  2 most important advantage or aspect of sth 某事物的最重要的优越性或方面: That's the best of having a car. 那就是有辆汽车的最大好处. * The best we can hope for is that nobody gets killed. 我们所能盼望的最好结果就是没有人被害.  3 (idm 习语) all the `best (infml 口) (used esp when saying goodbye 尤用于告别时) I hope everything goes well for you 希望你一切顺利: Goodbye, and all the best! 再见, 祝你一切顺利! * Here's wishing you all the best in the coming year. 祝愿你来年一切顺利. at `best taking the most hopeful view 充其量: We can't arrive before Friday at best. 我们无论如何星期五以前也到不了. at its/one's best in the best state or form 处于最佳状态: modern architecture at its best 处于鼎盛时期的现代建筑学 * Chaplin was at his best playing the little tramp. 卓别林扮演小流浪汉已达登峰造极的境界. * I wasn't feeling at my best at the party so I didn't enjoy it. 在那次聚会上我身体不太好, 所以兴致不高. (even) at the `best of times even when circumstances are most favourable 即使在最好的情况下: He's difficult at the best of times  usually he's impossible. 他即使在情绪最好的时候, 都很难相处--平常就更令人受不了了. be (all) for the `best be good in the end, although not at first seeming to be good 结果总会好的. the best of both worlds benefits of two widely differing activities that one can enjoy simultaneously 从两种截然不同的活动中同时获益: She's a career woman and a mother, so she has the best of both worlds. 她又当职业妇女, 又当母亲, 两全其美. the best of Bri

/best; bɛst/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] defeat (sb); outwit 打败（某人）; 智胜.male friend or relative of a bridegroom who supports him at his wedding 男傧相. Cf 参看 bridesmaid.product, esp a book, that sells in very large numbers 畅销的产品（尤指书）: [attrib 作定语] the best-seller list 畅销书目录. ,best-`selling adj having very large sales; very popular 畅销的; 流行的: a ,best-selling `novel, `author, `series 畅销的小说、畅销书的作者、畅销的丛书./ˈbestɪəl; <i>US</i> ˈbestʃəl; `bɛstʃəl/ adj (derog 贬) of or like a beast; brutish; cruel 野兽的; 野兽般的; 野蛮的; 残忍的: a bestial person, act 野蛮的人、动作 * bestial violence, lust, fury 野兽般的凶猛、欲望、狂暴./ˌbestɪˈlətɪ; <i>US</i> ˌbestʃɪ-; ˌbɛstʃɪ`ælətɪ/ n  1 [U] (a) quality of being bestial 兽性; 兽行: an act of horrifying bestiality 可怕的兽行. (b) sexual activity between a human and an animal 兽奸（人兽之间的性行为）.  2 [C] brutal act, esp of a sexually perverted kind 兽性的行为; （尤指）性变态.adv./ˈbestɪərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɪerɪ; `bɛstɪˌɛrɪ/ n medieval collection of stories about animals, including fables and legends （中世纪的）动物寓言集./bɪˈstɜː(r); bɪ`stɝ/ v (-rr-) [Tn] ~ oneself (fml or joc 文或谑) become active or busy 发奋; 振作: He was too lazy to bestir himself even to answer the telephone. 他懒得甚至不愿接电话./bɪˈstəʊ; bɪ`sto/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) (fml 文) present sth as a gift (to sb); confer （将某事物作为礼物）赠（予某人）; 赠与; 授与: an honour bestowed on her by the king 国王赐与她的荣誉. /bɪˈstəʊəl; bɪstoəl/ n [U]./bɪˈstraɪd; bɪ`straɪd/ v (pt bestrode/ bI5strEUd; bI`strod/, pp bestridden/ bI5strIdn; bI`strIdn/) [Tn] (fml 文) sit or stand with one leg on each side of (sth) 两腿分开跨着坐或站在（某物）上: bestride a horse, chair, ditch, fence 跨在马、椅子、沟渠、围栏上./bet; bɛt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp bet or  betted)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.f] ~ (sth) (on sth) risk (money) on a race or on some other event of which the result is doubtful 打赌; 赌博: I don't enjoy betting. 我不喜欢赌博. * He spends all his money betting on horses. 他把所有的钱都用在赌马上. * She bet me 20 that I wouldn't be able to give up smoking. 她和我打20英镑的赌, 说我戒不了烟.  2 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom `dollar (on sth/that...) (infml 口) be absolutely certain about sth 绝对确信某事物; 打包票: You can bet your bottom dollar he won't have waited for us. 你可以打包票, 他是绝不会等我们的. I bet (that)... (infml 口) I am certain 我敢肯定: I bet he arrives late  he always does. 我敢肯定他得迟到--他一贯如此. ,you `bet (infml 口) you may be sure (of it) 你可确信; 的确; 当然: `Are you going to the match?' `You bet (I am)!' ｀你去看比赛吗?＇｀当然（我去）!＇

n  1 (a) arrangement to risk money, etc on an event of which the result is doubtful 赌博: make a bet 打赌 * have a bet on the Derby 在德比大赛中赌马 * win/lose a bet 打赌而赢[输]. (b) money, etc risked in this way （金钱等）赌注: place/put a bet on a horse 在一匹马上下赌注.  2 (infml 口) opinion; prediction 意见; 预言: My bet is they've got held up in the traffic. 我想他们一定是在路上因交通拥挤而受阻了.  3 (idm 习语) one's best bet => best1. hedge one's bets => hedge./ˈbiːtə; <i>US</i> ˈbeɪtə; `betə/ n the second letter of the Greek alphabet (B, ) 希腊语字母表中的第二个字母（B,　）./ˌbeɪt ˈnwɑː(r); `bet`nwɑr/ (pl betes noires/ 9beIt 5nwB:(r); 9bet`nwBr/) (French 法) person or thing that one particularly dislikes 特别讨厌的人或事物.

/ˌbeɪt ˈnwɑː(r); `bet`nwɑr/ (pl betes noires / 9beIt 5nwB:(r); 9bet`nwBr/) (French 法) person or thing that one particularly dislikes 特别讨厌的人或事物./ˈbiːtl; `bitl/ n [U] tropical Asian plant whose leaf is chewed with the betel-nut 槟榔.n [U, C] = areca nut (areca)./bɪˈtaɪd; bɪ`taɪd/ v (idm 习语) woe betide sb => woe./bɪˈtəʊkən; bɪ`tokən/ v [Tn] (fml 文) be a sign of (sth); indicate 预示（某事物）; 表示: milder weather betokening the arrival of spring 预示春天到来的暖和天气./bɪˈtreɪ; bɪ`tre/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) hand over or show sb/sth disloyally (to an enemy) （向敌人）出卖某人或泄漏某事: betraying state secrets 泄漏国家机密 * Judas betrayed Jesus (to the authorities). 犹大（向当局）出卖了耶稣.  2 [Tn] be disloyal to (sth) 背叛（某事物）: betray one's country, one's principles 背叛自己的国家、自己的原则 * In failing to return the money he betrayed our trust. 他未能归还那笔钱而辜负了我们的信任.  3 [Tn] (a) show (sth) unintentionally; be a sign of 无意中显示出（某事物）; 显露出; 表现出: She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight. 她说她很难过, 但从她的眼神里却流露出她内心的喜悦. * His accent betrayed the fact that he was foreign. 他的口音显露出他是外国人. (b) ~ oneself show what or who one really is 暴露出本来面目: He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he betrayed himself, ie he was recognized by his voice. 他伪装得很好, 可是一说话就原形毕露了（听他的声音就能认出他来）./bɪˈtreɪəl; bɪ`treəl/ n (a) [U] betraying or being betrayed 背叛或被出卖: an act of betrayal 背叛的 行为. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛: a betrayal of trust 对信任的辜负.n./bɪˈtrəʊð; bɪ`troð/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) (arch or fml 古或文) bind sb with a promise to marry; engage sb to marry 将某人许配给; 订婚: She was betrothed (to the duke). 她已许配（给公爵）了. * The pair were later betrothed. 那对男女後来订婚了./bɪˈtrəʊðl; bɪ`troðəl/ n [C, U] (fml 文) engagement to be married 许婚; 订婚.n [sing], adj (fml 文) (person) engaged to be married 已订婚的（人）: his betrothed 他的未婚妻 * the betrothed couple 未婚夫妻./ˈbetə(r); `bɛtɚ/ adj (comparative of good1 good1的比较级)  1 (a) of a more excellent or desirable kind 更好的; 更理想的: a better worker, job, car 更好的工作人员、工作、汽车 * You're a better man than I (am). 你人比我好. * The weather couldn't have been better. 天气好得不能再好了. * Life was difficult then but things have got better and better over the years. 那时生活很艰苦, 但情况已一年比一年好了. * He resolved to lead a better life (ie be more virtuous) in future. 他决心以後过较高尚的生活（更有道德的）. (b) of a more precise or suitable kind 更准确的; 更合适的: Having talked to the witnesses I now have a better idea (of) what happened. 我与证人谈过话, 现在对所发生的事情更清楚了. * Can't you think of a better word than `nice' to describe your holiday? 你难道不能想出一个比｀好＇更恰当的字眼来形容你的假日吗? Cf 参看 best1.  2 partly or fully recovered from an illness 疾病渐愈或痊愈: The patient is much better today. 病人今天好多了. * His ankle is getting better. 他的脚踝渐渐痊愈了. Cf 参看 well2 1, worse.  3 (idm 习语) against one's better `judgement even though one feels that it may be unwise 即使感到可能不太好; 明知不可为而为之: He agreed, but very much against his better judgement. 他同意了, 但是他对此并不以为然. be better than one's `word be more generous than one has promised to be 比所许诺的更宽厚. be no better than she `should be (dated euph 旧, 婉) (of a woman) have casual sexual relationships （指女子）性关系随便, 不正经, 不规矩. the best/better part of sth => part1. one's better `feelings/`nature more honourable or virtuous part of one's character 个人的优良天性或高尚情操. one's better `half (infml joc 口, 谑) one's wife or husband 自己的妻子或丈夫. ,better luck `next time (saying 谚) (used to encourage sb after a setback 用以鼓励受挫的人) discretion is the better part of valour => discretion. half a loaf is better than none/than no bread => half. have seen/known better `days be poorer or in a worse state now than formerly 现在比以前穷困或情况恶劣; 曾有过一段好日子: That coat has seen better days.

/ˈbetə(r); `bɛtɚ/ adv (comparative of well2well2的比较级)  1 in a more pleasant, efficient, desirable, etc way 更愉快地; 更有效地; 更理想地: You would write better if you had a good pen. 要是有枝好笔, 就能写得更好. * She sings better than I (do). 她比我唱得好.  2 to a greater degree; more 较大程度地; 更: I like him better than her. 我喜欢他胜过喜欢她. * You'll like it better when you understand it more. 当你对它更了解时, 你就会更喜欢它. * The better I know her, the more I admire her. 我对她越了解, 就越爱慕她.  3 more usefully 更有用地: His advice is better ignored, ie It should be ignored. 他的话最好别听. * If the roads are icy, you'd be better advised (ie it would be more prudent) to delay your departure. 要是路上结冰了, 你最好考虑延期出发.  4 (idm 习语) be better off (doing sth) be wiser (to do sth specified) （对于做某事来说）是较为明智的: He'd be better off going to the police about it. 他最好把这件事报告警方. be better off without sb/sth be happier or more at ease without sb/sth 若无某人[某事物]会更快乐或更自在: We'd be better off without them as neighbours. 要是没有这家邻居, 我们就过得更愉快了. ,better the ,devil you `know (than the ,devil you `don't) (saying 谚) it is easier to deal with an undesirable but familiar person, situation, etc than to risk a change which may make things worse 跟认识的魔鬼打交道总比跟不认识的魔鬼打交道好（对付讨厌的但熟悉的人、事情等较容易; 若冒险改变情况, 可能更糟）. ,better `late than `never (saying 谚) (a) (used as an excuse or apology for one's lateness 用作表示自己迟延的藉口或歉意) (b) some success, however delayed or small it is, is better than none at all 迟做总比根本不做好; 有些成绩总比完全没有好. better ,safe than `sorry (saying 谚) it is wiser to be over-cautious and take proper care than to be rash and careless (and so do sth which one may regret) 稳妥总比後悔好. better/worse still => still2. do better to do sth be more sensible if one does sth 若做某事则更明智: Don't buy now  you'd do better to wait for the sales. 现在先别买--最好等到大减价时再买. go one `better 

/ˈbetə(r); `bɛtɚ/ n  1 that which is better 更好者: We had hoped for better. 我们曾希望情况好转. * I expected better of him, ie I thought he would have behaved better. 我原来料想他会更好一些（我以为他能表现得好些）.  2 (idm 习语) one's (elders and) `betters (older and) wiser, more experienced people 前辈; 长者: You should show greater respect for your elders and betters. 你应该对长辈和上级尊重些. a change for the better/worse => change2. (feel) (all) the better for sth benefiting physically or mentally from sth 从某事物中获得肉体上或精神上的享受: You'll feel all the better for (having had) a holiday. 度（了）一次假你就觉得好多了. for ,better (or) for `worse in both good and bad fortune 同甘共苦, 祸福与共. for ,better or `worse whether the result is good or bad 不管是好是坏; 不管结果如何: It's been done, and, for better or worse, we can't change it now. 事已至此, 无论是好是坏, 已无法改变. get the better of sb/sth defeat sb/sth 胜过某人[某事物]: You always get the better of me at chess. 你下国际象棋总是赢我. * His shyness got the better of him, ie He was overcome by shyness. 他羞得无地自容. get the better of sth win in (an argument, etc) （在争论等中）得胜: She always gets the better of our quarrels. 我们吵架时她总是占上风. the less/least said (about sb/sth) the better (saying 谚) that person or thing is an unpleasant subject and it is better not to talk about him/it 少提为妙. so much the `better/`worse (for sb/sth) that is even better/worse 甚至更好[更坏]: The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, (then) so much the better. 输赢对我们并不十分重要, 但假如我们真赢了, （那）就更好了. the sooner the better => soon. think (all) the better of sb => think1.

/ˈbetə(r); `bɛtɚ/ v [Tn]  1 (a) do better than (sth); surpass 胜过（某事物）; 超越: This achievement cannot be bettered. 这一成就好得不能再好了. (b) improve (sth) 改善（某事物）: The government hopes to better the conditions of the workers. 政府希望改善工作人员的状况.  2 ~ oneself get a better social position or status 获得更好的社会地位; 高升.n [U] (fml 文) making or becoming better; improvement 改好; 改良; 改善; 改进./ˈbetɪŋ ʃɒp; `bɛtɪŋ ˌʃɑp/ n bookmaker's office （赌赛马等的）赌注登记处, 彩票经理部./bɪˈtwiːn; bə`twin/ prep  1 (a) in or into the space separating (two or more points, objects, people, etc) 介于（两者或多者）之间: Q comes between P and R in the English alphabet. 在英语字母表中, Q位于P与R之间. * I lost my keys somewhere between the car and the house. 我的钥匙失落在汽车与房子之间的什么地方了. * Peter sat between Mary and Jane. 彼得坐在玛丽和简之间. * Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间. * The baby crawled between her father's legs. 婴儿在她父亲的双腿中间爬. * (fig 比喻) My job is somewhere between a typist and a personal assistant. 我的工作介于打字员和私人助理二者之间. (b) in the period of time separating (two days, years, events, etc) 在一段时间（两天、两年、两次事件等）之内: It's cheaper between 6 pm and 8 am. 下午6时至上午8时之间较为便宜. * I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二至星期四有空. * Children must attend school between 5 and 16. 5至16岁的孩子必须上学. * Many changes took place between the two world wars. 两次世界大战之间发生了很多的变化.  2 at some point along a scale from (one amount, weight, distance, etc) to (another) 介于（数量、重量、距离等的）两个量度之间: cost between one and two pounds 花费一至二镑 * weigh between nine and ten stones 重九至十　石 * London is between fifty and sixty miles from Oxford. 伦敦离牛津五十至六十英里. * The temperature remained between 25°C and 30°C all week. 整整一星期, 温度一直在25C至30C之间.  3 (of a line) separating (one place) from another （指一条线）将（一处）与另一处分隔开: build a wall between my garden and my neighbour's 在我的花园与邻居花园之间砌一堵墙 * draw a line between sections A and B 在剖面A与B之间划一条线 * the boundary between Sweden and Norway 瑞典与挪威的分界线.  4 from (one place) to (another) 从（一处）到（另一处）: fly between London and Paris twice daily 每天在伦敦与巴黎之间飞行两次 * sail between Dover and Calais 在多佛与加莱之间航行 * a good road between London and Brighton 伦敦与布赖顿之间的一条很好的道路.  5 (indicating a conadv (a) in or into the space separating two or more points, objects, people, etc 在（分隔的两个或几个点、物、人等）之间: One town ends where the next begins and there's a road that runs between. 一个城镇连接着另一个城镇, 两者之间有一条路. * You'd have a good view of the sea from here except for the block of flats in between. 要不是隔着这座公寓大楼, 大海的景色就可以从这里一览无遗. (b) in the period of time separating two dates, events, etc 在两个分隔的日期、事件等之间: We have two lessons this morning, but there's some free time in between. 今天上午我们有两节课, 课间有些休息时间./bɪˈtwɪkst; bə`twɪkst/ adv, prep (idm 习语) betwixt and between in an intermediate position; neither one thing nor the other 居中; 非此非彼; 模棱两可: It's difficult buying clothes for ten-year-olds  at that age they're betwixt and between. 很难给十岁的孩子买衣服--这种年龄说大不大, 说小又不小./ˈbevl; `bɛvl/ n  1 sloping edge or surface, eg at the side of a picture frame or a sheet of plate glass 斜边或斜面（如镜框或玻璃板的边缘）. =>illus见插图.  2 (in carpentry and stonework) tool for making such edges （木匠和石匠用的）斜角规.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] give a sloping edge to (sth) 把（某物）切成或磨成斜边或斜角: bevelled edges 弄成斜面的边.either of a pair of gears with sloping toothed edges 伞齿轮; 锥齿轮. =>illus at gear 见gear./ˈbevərɪdʒ; `bɛvərdʒ/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) any type of drink except water, eg milk, tea, wine, beer （除水以外的）饮料（如牛奶、茶、葡萄酒、啤酒）./ˈbevɪ; `bɛvɪ/ n  1 large group 一群: a bevy of beautiful girls 一群美丽的姑娘.  2 flock of birds, esp quails 鸟群（尤指鹌鹑）./bɪˈweɪl; bɪ`wel/ v [Tn] (fml 文) express sorrow over (sth); mourn for 因（某事物）而悲愁; 悲哀: bewailing one's lost youth, innocence, etc 为失去的青春、天真等而感伤./bɪˈweə(r); bɪ`wɛr/ v [I, Ipr] (used only in the infinitive and imperative 仅用于不定式及祈使句) ~ (of sb/sth) be cautious (of sb/sth); take care (about sb/sth) 谨防（某人[某事物]）; 当心（某人[某事物]）: He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads). 他告诉我们要当心（小偷、狗、结冰的道路）. * Beware  wet paint! 注意--油漆未乾!/bɪˈwɪldə(r); bɪ`wɪldɚ/ v [Tn] puzzle (sb); confuse 迷惑（某人）; 混乱: The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds. 孩子让噪声和人群给弄得晕头转向. * I am totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle. 这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了./bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ; bɪ`wɪldərɪŋ/ adj puzzling 令人困惑的; 费解的: bewildering speed, complexity 令人晕头转向的速度、复杂性.n [U] state of being bewildered 混乱; 困惑: watch, listen, gape in bewilderment 目瞪口呆地看着、听着、愣着./bɪˈwɪtʃ; bɪ`wɪtʃ/ v [Tn]  1 put a magic spell on (sb) 对（某人）施魔法; 蛊惑（某人）: The wicked fairy bewitched the prince and turned him into a frog. 邪恶的女妖对王子施魔法, 将他变成一只青蛙.  2 delight (sb) very much; enchant 令（某人）心醉、入迷; 使喜悦: He was bewitched by her beauty. 她生得貌美, 他一见倾心.adj very delightful or attractive 使人心醉的; 使人着迷的: a bewitching smile 迷人的微笑.adv./bɪˈjɒnd; bɪ`jɑnd/ prep  1 at or to a more distant point than (sth) 在或向（某物）的远处: The new housing estate stretches beyond the playing-fields. 新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的那一边. * The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中.  2 later than (a specified time) 迟于或超过（某一时间）: It won't go on beyond midnight. 这不会持续到午夜以後. * I know what I shall be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that. 我知道未来的三个星期我要干什么, 但再往後我就没想过. * She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age, ie when she was older than 60. 她早超过了退休年龄（年逾60）仍教书.  3 not within the range of (sth); surpassing 越出（某事物）范围; 超越: The bicycle is beyond repair, ie is too badly damaged to repair. 这辆自行车已不能修理了. * After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond (all) recognition. 25年过去了, 市中心变得认不出来了. * They're paying 75000 for a small flat  it's beyond belief! 他们　要以75000--. * She's living beyond her means, ie spending more than she earns. 她入不敷出（花的比挣的多）. * Her skill as a musician is beyond praise, ie of extremely high quality. 她是一个音乐家, 其技巧令人赞叹不已（具有极高的水平）.  4 except (sth); apart from 除（某事物）以外; 除了: He's got nothing beyond his state pension. 除 了国家发的养老金, 他一无所有. * I didn't notice anything beyond his rather strange accent. 除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外, 我没注意到别的.  5 (idm 习语) be beyond sb (infml 口) be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or calculate 对于某人来说, 难以想像、理解或估计: It's beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不能理解她为什么要和杰弗结婚. * How people design computer games is beyond me. 我不明白电脑游戏是怎么设计的.

adv at or to a distance 在远处; 向远方: Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow. 斯诺登那边的山到处都是白雪皑皑. * We must look beyond for signs of change. 我们应该把目光放远, 看到变化的迹象. * The immediate future is clear, but it's hard to tell what lies beyond. 近期内的情况很清楚, 但很难说以後如何./bɪˈziːk; bə`zik/ n [U] card-game for two people played with a double pack of 64 cards 比齐克牌戏（一种两人玩的纸牌戏, 用两副牌, 共64张）./ˌbiː ef piː ˈəʊ; ˌbi ɛf pi `o/ abbr 缩写 = British Forces Post Office 英国军邮局: Capt. John Jones, HMS Amazon, BFPO (ships), eg on a letter 英国皇家海军舰艇亚马逊号, 军邮（舰）约翰·琼斯舰长（如用于信件上）.comb form 构词成分 of living things; of (esp human) life 生物的; （尤指人的）生命的: biology * biodegradable * biography.pref 前缀 two; twice 二; 两次: biannual * bicentenary. Cf 参看 di-, tri-.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note that bi- is used with certain expressions of time (eg bimonthly) to mean both `every two' (months) and `twice a' (month) 注意bi-附加在某些表示时间的词语前面（如 bimonthly）, 兼有｀每两＇（月）和（每月）｀两次＇两种含义. There is a distinction between biennial (every two years) and biannual (twice a year). *biennial意为｀每两年＇, biannual意为｀每年两次＇, 这二者的区别则十分清楚./baɪˈænjʊəl; baɪ`ænjᴜəl/ adj occurring twice a year 一年发生两次的: a biannual meeting 一年举行两次的会议. adv./ˈbaɪəs; `baɪəs/ n  1 opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group or series; predisposition; prejudice 偏见; 成见; 偏心: The university has a bias towards/in favour of/against the sciences. 该大学偏重[侧重/歧视]理科. * The committee is of a/has a conservative bias. 委员会有一种保守的偏见. * He is without bias, ie is impartial. 他没有成见.  2 slanting direction across threads of woven material （织物的）斜纹: The skirt is cut on the bias, ie cut with the threads running diagonally across the weave. 这条裙子是斜裁的（斜开料剪裁）.  3 (a) (in bowls) tendency of the ball to swerve because of the way it is weighted （滚木球的）偏斜. (b) weighting that causes this （滚木球的）偏重心.

v (-s-, -ss-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (towards/in favour of/against sb/sth) give a bias to sb; prejudice sb; influence sb, esp unfairly 对某人有偏见、成见、影响（尤指不公正者）: a bias(s)ed account/jury, ie one which is not impartial 有偏见的叙述[陪审团] * The newspaper/He is clearly bias(s)ed (in the government's favour). 报纸[他]很明显是偏向（政府）的.strip of fabric cut diagonally, used to bind edges （用于包边的）斜裁滚边料./bɪb; bɪb/ n  1 piece of cloth or plastic fixed under a child's chin to protect its clothes while it is eating （小儿用的）围嘴.  2 front part of an apron, above the waist 围裙的上部（腰以上的部分）.  3 (idm 习语) one's best bib and tucker => best1./ˈbaɪbl; `baɪbl/ n (a) (also the Bible) sacred writings of the Christian Church, comprising the Old and New Testaments 圣经（包括旧约和新约的基督教圣书）. (b) copy of these 圣经的文本: three bibles 三本圣经. (c) (fig 比喻) any authoritative book 任何有权威的书: the stamp-collector's bible 集邮者的经典.ns  [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) evangelical preaching 热衷于福音传道的.=> bible-bashing/ˈbɪblɪkl; `bɪblɪkl/ adj of or in the Bible 圣经的; 圣经中的: a biblical theme, expression 有关圣经的题目、言辞 * biblical times, language 圣经的时代、语言.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) of books 书的: bibliophile * bibliographical./-ɒgrəfə(r); -`ɑˇrəfɚ/ n. /ˌbɪblɪəˈgrfɪkl; ˌbɪblɪə`ˇræ-fɪkl/ adj./ˌbɪblɪˈɒgrəfɪ; ˌbɪblɪ`ɑˇrəfɪ/ n  1 [C] list of books or articles about a particular subject or by a particular author （有关某一专题或某一作者的著作的）书目, 索引, 文献: There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter. 在每一章後附有一份有用的参考书目.  2 [U] study of the history of books and their production 书志学; 文献学. /ˈbɪblɪəfaɪl; `bɪblɪəˌfaɪl/ n person who loves or collects books 书籍爱好者; 藏书家./ˈbɪbjʊləs; `bɪbjələs/ adj (joc 谑) excessively fond of or addicted to alcoholic drink 嗜酒的; 有酒瘾的./ˌbaɪˈkæmərəl; baɪ`kæmərəl/ adj having two legislative chambers (eg in Britain the House of Commons and the House of Lords) 有两个议会的（如英国的上议院和下议院）: a bicameral system of government 两院制政体.n [U] (infml 口) = sodium (bicarbonate)./ˌbaɪˈkɑːbənət; baɪ`kɑrbənɪt/ n [U] (chemistry 化) salt containing double proportion of carbon dioxide 碳酸氢盐; 重碳酸盐.= sodium (bicarbonate)./ˌbaɪsenˈtiːnərɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈsentənerɪ; baɪ`sɛn-təˌnɛrɪ/ n two-hundredth anniversary; celebration of this 二百周年; 二百周年庆祝活动: 1949 was the bicentenary of Goethe's birth. 1949年是歌德诞生二百周年. * [attrib 作定语] bicentenary celebrations 二百周年庆典./ˌbaɪsenˈtenɪəl; ˌbaɪsɛn`tɛnɪəl/ adj happening once in two hundred years; marking a bicentenary 二百年一次的; 二百周年纪念的: a bicentennial anniversary/celebration 二百周年纪念活动[庆典].

n = bicentenary./ˈbɪkə(r); `bɪkɚ/ v [I] ~ (with sb) (over/about sth) quarrel about unimportant things （为小事）争吵: The children are always bickering (with each other) (over their toys). 孩子们常常（为玩具）争吵./ˈbaɪsɪkl; `baɪˌsɪkl/ n two-wheeled vehicle on which a person rides, using pedals to drive it along 自行车; 脚踏车. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. Cf 参看 bike, cycle.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ride on a bicycle 骑自行车.n each of a pair of clips for holding trousers at the ankles while cycling （骑自行车时用的）裤脚夹.n./bɪd; bɪd/ v (-dd-; pt, pp bid ; in sense 3, pt usu 用于下述第3义时过去式通常作 bade/ bd; bAd/, pp bidden/ 5bIdn; `bIdn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth); esp US ~ (sth) (on sth) (a) offer (a price) in order to buy sth, esp at an auction （购物时）出价; （尤指拍卖时）喊价: What am I bid (for this painting)? （这幅画）给我个价, 诸位愿意出多少钱? * She bid 500 (for the painting). 她喊价500英镑（买这幅画）. * We had hoped to get the house but another couple was bidding against us, ie repeatedly offering a higher price than us. 我们原希望买下这所房子, 但另一对夫妇不断抬价与我们竞买. (b) offer (a price) for doing work, providing a service, etc 投标: Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall. 有几家公司投标, 争取建造新音乐厅的合同.  2 [I, Tn] (in card-games, esp bridge) make a bid2(4) （纸牌戏中, 尤指桥牌）叫（牌）: bid two hearts 叫2红桃.  3 (arch or fml 古或文) (a) [Dn.t] order (sb); tell 吩咐（某人）; 告诉: Do as you are bidden. 按照吩咐你的去做. * She bade me (to) come in. 她叫我进来. (b) [Dn.pr, Dn.t] invite (sb) 邀请（某人）: guests bidden to (attend) the feast 应邀赴宴的宾客. (c) [no passive 不用于被动语态: Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb say sth as a greeting, etc 说（问候、打招呼等的话）: bid sb good morning 向某人道早安 * He bade farewell (ie said goodbye) to his sweetheart. 他向他的情人告别.  4 (idm 习语) bid fair to do sth (arch or rhet 古或修辞) seem likely to do sth 有做某事的可能: The plan for a new hospital bids fair to succeed. 兴建新医院的计划有希望成功.adj ready to obey; docile 听话的; 温顺的.n person or group that bids at an auction （拍卖时的）喊价者: The house went to the highest bidder, ie the person who offered the most money. 房子卖给了出价最高的人.n [U]  1 (fml 文) order; command 吩咐; 命令: do sb's bidding, ie obey sb 服从 * At his father's bidding he wrote to his lawyer. 他遵照父亲的吩咐给律师写信.  2 offering of prices at an auction （拍卖时的）竞买, 喊价, 出价: Bidding was brisk, ie Many offers were made one after the other. 出价很踊跃（一个接一个地竞相喊价）.  3 (in card-games) process of bidding (bid1 2) （纸牌戏中）叫牌: Can you remind me of the bidding (ie who bid what)? 请再说一次谁叫了什么牌./baɪd; baɪd/ v  1 (arch lit 古, 文学) = abide.  2 (idm 习语) bide one's time wait for a good opportunity 等待有利时机./ˈbiːdeɪ; <i>US</i> biːˈdeɪ; bi`de/ n low basin for washing the genitals and bottom （洗生殖器和臀部用的）坐浴盆./baɪˈenɪəl; baɪ`ɛnɪəl/ adj  1 happening every second year 两年一次的.  2 lasting for two years 持续两年的.

n plant that lives for two years, flowering in the second year 两年生植物（两年开一次花）.adv./bɪə(r); bɪr/ n frame on which a coffin or a dead body is carried or placed before burial 棺材架; 停尸架./bɪf; bɪf/ n (infml 口) sharp blow, esp with the fist 猛击（尤指用拳）.

v [Tn] (infml 口) hit or strike (sb) 打, 击（某人）: biff sb on the nose 打某人的鼻子./ˌbaɪˈfəʊkl; baɪ`fokl/ adj (esp of lenses in spectacles) designed for looking at both distant and close objects （尤指眼镜的镜片）远近两用的.n [pl] spectacles with bifocal lenses 双光眼镜: a pair of bifocals 一副双光眼镜./ˈbaɪfəkeɪt; `baɪfɚˌket/ v [I] (fml 文) (of roads, rivers, branches of trees, etc) divide into or have two branches （指道路、河流、树枝等）分叉, 分成两支. /ˌbaɪfəˈkeɪʃn; ˌbaɪfɚ`keʃən/ n./bɪg; bɪˇ/ adj (-gger, -ggest)  1 large in size, extent or intensity （在体积、面积、范围、程度或强度方面）大的: a big garden, man, majority, defeat, explosion, argument 大花园[高大的人/大多数/大败/大爆炸/大辩论] * the big toe, ie the largest 大脚趾 * a big `g', ie a capital G 大写的g（大写字母G） * (infml 口) big money, ie a lot of money 大笔的钱 * The bigger (ie worse) the crime, the longer the gaol sentence. 犯的罪越大, 刑期越长. * He's the biggest liar (ie He tells more lies than anyone else) I know. 他是我所知道的最大的骗子. * She's a big eater/spender, ie She eats/spends a lot. 她是个饭量大[花钱多]的人. Cf 参看 small.  2 (more) grown up 成长（得更）大的: my big sister, ie my elder sister 我的姐姐 * He's big enough to go out without his parents. 他已长大, 不用父母陪着出门了.  3 [attrib 作定语] important 重大的; 重要的: the big match 重大的比赛 * a big decision 重大的决定 * the biggest moment of my life 我一生中最重要的时刻.  4 (infml 口) ambitious; extravagant 有雄心的; 过分的: have big ideas/plans 有远大的理想[有庞大的计划].  5 (infml 口 esp US) popular with the public 大受欢迎的: Video games are big this year. 今年的电视游戏大受欢迎. =>Usage 见所附用法.  6 ~ on sth (infml 口) (esp US) keen on sth; enthusiastic about sth 精于某事物; 热衷于某事物: The firm is big on extravagant promotion drives. 这家公司正大搞推销运动.  7 (idm 习语) be/get too big for one's boots (infml 口) be/become very self-important or conceited 自大; 自负. a ,big `cheese (sl derog 俚, 贬) very important and powerful person 要人; 大亨. big deal! (infml ironic 口, 反语) I am not impressed 没什么了不起: We're getting a wage increase of 40 a year, before tax. Big deal! 我们工资一年要增加40英镑, 未扣除所得税. 有什么了不起! a big fish (in a little pond) an important and influential person (in a small community or restricted situation) （小地方或小范围内的）大人物. a big noise/shot (infml 口) important person 要人. the big stick the threat of using force, esp of great military strength 大棒政策（以实力, 尤指以强大的武力相威胁）. the 

adv (sl 俚)  1 in a big manner; impressively; grandly 宏大地; 予人深刻印象地; 盛大地: Let's think big, ie plan ambitiously. 我们要立大志展宏图. * He likes to talk big, ie is very boastful. 他爱说大话.  2 successfully 成功地: a band which comes/goes over big with pop fans 受流行音乐歌迷欢迎而大为成功的乐队.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Big and large are used when talking about physical size, extent, capacity or number. *big和large都用于指物质的体积、面积、范围、程度、能量或数量. Big is more informal. *big更口语化. Large is not normally used to describe people  *large一般不用于指人: They live in a big/large house in the country. 他们住在乡下的一所大房子里. *  Which is the biggest/largest desert in the world? 世界上最大的沙漠是哪一个? *  Her husband is a very big man. 她丈夫身材很高大. *  There was a big/large crowd at the football match. 有一大群人看足球比赛.  2 Great is mostly used when talking (usually approvingly) about importance, quality, ability or extent. *great大多用于指重要性、特性、能力或程度（通常含褒义）. Great can be used with uncountable nouns  *great可与不可数名词连用: He's a great painter, footballer, man, etc. 他是个伟大的画家、足球健将、人物等. *  Peter the Great was a Russian ruler. 彼得大帝曾是俄国的统治者. *  She lived to a great age. 她活到很大年纪. * with great enthusiasm, joy, pleasure, etc 满腔热情、满怀喜悦、满心欢喜.  3 Large and great are very similar in meaning when used with amount, quantity and number *large和great用于指数额、数量或数目时词义非常接近: They spent a large/great amount of money on their holidays. 他们度假花了一大笔钱. Note also the phrase 请注意这一词组: to a large/great extent 在很大程度上.explosion that some scientists suggest caused the creation of the universe （某些科学家假设的导致宇宙起源的）创世大爆炸: [attrib 作定语] the big bang theory 大爆炸论.dictator or the forces of a totalitarian state controlling every aspect of people's lives while pretending to be kindly 老大哥（专制国家中假仁假义的独裁者或势力）.commerce on a very large financial scale 大企业.(US) = plough2.(Brit) narrow railway at fairs with a track that rises and falls steeply 云霄飞车, 过山车（游乐场中沿陡峻铁道滑行的游戏车）.(in an engine) end of a connecting-rod encircling the crankshaft （发动机的）连杆大头（环绕曲柄轴的连杆曲轴端）.larger animals hunted for sport 大的猎物.main tent at a circus （马戏场的）主帐篷.huge revolving vertical wheel with passenger cars, used at fairs 大转轮（在垂直转动的巨轮上挂有载人座厢的游乐设施.n (infml 口) conceited person 自命不凡的人. big-`headed adj.adj very kind; generous 善良的; 慷慨的.n person guilty of bigamy 犯重婚罪者./ˈbɪgəməs; `bɪˇəməs/ adj guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy 犯重婚罪的; 重婚的: a bigamous marriage 重婚. adv./ˈbɪgəmɪ; `bɪˇəmɪ/ n [U] (crime of) marrying a person when still legally married to someone else 重婚; 重婚罪./baɪt; baɪt/ n  1 long inward curve in a coast 海湾: The Great Australian Bight 澳大利亚大海湾.  2 loop made in a rope 绳环; 绳圈.n [U]./ˈbɪgət; `bɪˇət/ n person who holds strong (esp religious or political) beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees 偏执的人（尤指在宗教信仰或政治方面）: religious bigots 宗教的卫道士.adj intolerant and narrow-minded 偏执的; 心地狭窄的: bigoted views 偏执的观点 * He is so bigoted that it is impossible to argue with him. 他固执得不可理喻.n [U] bigoted attitude or behaviour 固执的态度或行为.n (infml 口) important person 要人./ˈbiːʒuː; `biʒu/ n (pl bijoux/ 5bi:Vu:; `biVu/) (French 法) jewel 珠宝; 首饰.

adj [attrib 作定语] small and elegant 小巧玲珑的: a bijou residence 小巧别致的住宅./baɪk; baɪk/ n (infml 口)  1 bicycle 自行车; 脚踏车.  2 motor cycle 摩托车. Cf 参看 cycle.

v [I] (infml 口) ride a bicycle or motor cycle 骑自行车或摩托车: Let's go biking. 咱们骑车去吧./bɪˈkiːnɪ; bɪ`kinɪ/ n scanty two-piece costume worn by women for swimming and sun-bathing 比基尼泳装（三点式女游泳服）: [attrib 作定语] a bikini top, ie the top half of a bikini 比基尼泳装的上半部./ˌbaɪˈleɪbɪəl; baɪ`lebɪəl/ n (phonetics 语音) speech sound produced by using both lips 双唇音的: In English, b, p, m and w are bilabials. 英语中的b、p、m、w为双唇音. 

adj./ˌbaɪˈlætərəl; baɪ`lætərəl/ adj having two sides; affecting or involving two parties, countries, etc 有两边的; （两党、两国等）双边的: a bilateral agreement/treaty 双边的协议[条约]. Cf 参看 multilateral, unilateral.n [U] principle based on bilateral agreements between countries, esp in trade and finance 根据两国间双边协议的原则（尤指于贸易与金融方面）.adv./ˈbɪlbrɪ; <i>US</i> -berɪ; `bɪlˌbɛrɪ/ (also blaeberry, whortleberry) n (a) small N European shrub growing on moors and in mountain woods 欧洲越橘（生长在北欧荒原和山林中的一种小灌木）. (b) its edible dark blue berry 欧洲越橘的浆果（深蓝色, 可食）. Cf 参看 blueberry./baɪl; baɪl/ n [U]  1 bitter yellowish liquid produced by the liver to help the body to digest fats 胆汁.  2 (fig 比喻) bad temper; irritability 坏脾气; 暴躁.n (anatomy 解) tube taking bile to the duodenum 胆管. =>illus at digestive (system) 见digestive system之插图./bɪldʒ; bɪldʒ/ n  1 [C] almost flat part of the bottom of a ship, inside or outside 舱底, 　比部（船底内部或外部近于平坦的部分）.  2 (also `bilge-water) [U] dirty water that collects in a ship's bilge 舱底污水.  3 [U] (sl 俚) worthless ideas or talk; nonsense 无聊的想法; 无聊的话; 废话: Don't give me that bilge! 别跟我说那些废话!/ˌbɪlˈhɑːtsɪə; bɪl`hɑrtsɪə/ n [U] (medical 医) tropical disease caused by worms in the blood and bladder 血吸虫病./ˌbaɪˈlɪŋgwəl; baɪ`lɪŋˇwəl/ adj  1 (a) able to speak two languages equally well 会说两种语言的: He is bilingual (in French and Spanish). 他操（法语和西班牙语）两种语言. (b) having or using two languages 通行或使用两种语言的: a bilingual community 通用两种语言的社区.  2 expressed or written in two languages 用两种语言表达或书写的: a bilingual dictionary 双语词典. Cf 参看 monolingual, multilingual.

n bilingual person 通两种语言的人.adv./ˈbɪlɪəs; `bɪljəs/ adj  1 caused by or suffering from too much bile 因胆汁过多而引起的; 患胆病的: a bilious attack 胆病发作 * I feel a little bilious after last night's dinner. 我昨天吃过晚饭後, 感到有点不舒服.  2 bad-tempered; irritable 脾气不好的; 易怒的.  3 of a sickly yellowish colour (similar to bile) 黄疸颜色的: a bilious (shade of) green 黄绿色. n [U]./bɪlk; bɪlk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb ((out) of sth) avoid paying money to sb; cheat sb (out of sth) 躲某人的债; 骗取某人（某物）: He bilked us of all our money. 他把我们的钱都骗光了./bɪl; bɪl/ n  1 (esp Brit) (US check) written statement of money owed for goods or services supplied 帐单: telephone, gas, heating bills 电话、煤气、暖气帐单 * a bill for 5 一张5英镑的帐单 * Have you paid the bill? 你付帐了吗?  2 written or printed advertisement; notice; poster, placard 广告; 招贴; 海报; 告示: Stick no bills! ie Sticking posters, etc here is forbidden. 禁止招贴!  3 programme of entertainment (at a cinema, theatre, etc) （电影院、剧场等的）节目单: a horror double bill (ie programme consisting of two horror films) on TV 一张介绍两部恐怖片子的电视节目单.  4 draft of a proposed law, to be discussed by a parliament （提交议会讨论的）法案: propose, pass, throw out, amend a bill 提出[通过/否决/修订]一项议案 * The Industrial Relations Bill. 劳资关系法案.  5 (US) = note1: a ten-dollar bill 一张十元钞票.  6 (idm 习语) a clean bill of health => clean1. fill/fit the `bill be adequate or suitable (for a specific purpose) 适合于（某一目的）: If you're very hungry a double helping of spaghetti should fit the bill! 要是很饿的话, 吃两份意大利细面条就行了! foot the bill => foot2. head/top the `bill be the most important item or person on a list or a programme of entertainments 清单或节目单上最主要的节目或角色: She topped the bill at the Palace Theatre. 她在皇宫剧院演主角.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) send sb a bill (for sth) 送交某人帐单（要求为某事物付帐）: I can't pay for the books now. Will you bill me (for them) later? 这些书我现在不能付款, 事後给我寄帐单来好吗?  2 [Tnt esp passive 尤用于被动语态] announce or advertise; put in a programme 宣布; 贴广告; 列入节目单: He is billed to (ie It is announced that he will) appear as Othello. 已把他列入节目单内, 将扮演奥赛罗.

/bɪl; bɪl/ n  1 bird's beak （鸟的）嘴, 喙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.  2 (esp in geographical names 尤用于地理名称) narrow promontory 岬; 岬角: Portland Bill 波特兰海岬.

v  1 [I] (of doves) stroke each other with their beaks （指鸽子）接嘴.  2 (idm 习语) bill and `coo (infml 口) (of lovers) exchange kisses and loving whispers （指情人间）接吻及谈情.written order to pay money to a named person on a given date 汇票.list of dishes that can be ordered in a restaurant; menu 菜单.list giving details of a ship's cargo 提货单.statement of basic human rights 权利法案; 人权法案: the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution 美国宪法的人权法案.official document recording the sale of personal property 卖据./ˈbɪləbɒŋ; `bɪləbɑŋ/ n (Austral 澳) branch of a river that forms a backwater （形成回水的）河的支流.n (US) large outdoor board for advertisements; hoarding 露天大广告牌; 大招贴板./ˈbɪlɪt; `bɪlɪt/ n  1 lodging for soldiers or evacuees, esp in a private house （士兵或被疏散人员的）住宿处（尤指分住于民宅的）: The troops are all in billets, ie not in camp or barracks. 部队全部住在民房里（不住在营地或军营里）.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) job; position 工作; 职位: a cushy billet, ie an undemanding one 轻松的工作.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on/with sb) place (soldiers) in lodgings 安置（士兵）住宿: The soldiers were billeted on an old lady. 士兵们已安顿在一位老太太家里.

/ˈbɪlɪt; `bɪlɪt/ n thick piece of firewood 木柴块./bɪleɪ ˈduː; `bɪle`du/ n (pl billets-doux/ 9bIleI5du:z; 9bIle`duz/) (joc 谑) love-letter 情书.n (US) = wallet./ˈbɪlhʊk; `bɪlhᴜk/ n long-handled tool with a curved blade for pruning trees, etc （修剪树枝等用的）长柄钩刀./ˈbɪlɪəd-; `bɪljərd-/ (in compounds 用以构成复合词) of or used for billiards 台球的; 用于打台球的: a billiard-cue/room/table./ˈbɪlɪədz; `bɪljɚdz/ n [sing v] game for two people played with cues and three balls on an oblong cloth-covered table 台球戏; 弹子戏: have a game of billiards 打一局台球 * Billiards is played by women as well as men. 打台球男女皆宜./ˈbɪlɪən; `bɪljən/ pron, det  1 (Brit) 1000000000000; one million million(s) 万亿; 兆兆. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (esp US) 1000000000; one thousand million(s) 十亿; 千兆. =>App 4 见附录4.

n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作billions)  1 (Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数.  2 (esp US) the number 1000000000 十亿之数. Cf 参看 milliard. For the uses of billion see the examples at hundred. 关于billion的用法见hundred词条中的示例./ˈbɪləʊ; `bɪlo/ n  1 (arch 古) large wave 巨浪.  2 swelling mass (eg of smoke or fog) like a wave 如波涛滚滚之物（如浓烟或浓雾）.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] rise or roll like waves 如波涛般起伏或翻滚: sails billowing (out) in the wind 在风中扬起的船帆 * Smoke billowed from the burning houses. 浓烟从着火的房子中滚滚地冒出来.adj rising or moving like waves 如波涛汹涌的.n person who sticks posters or advertisements on walls, hoardings, etc 张贴海报或广告的人./ˈbɪlɪ; `bɪlɪ/ (also `billycan) n tin can with a lid and handle used by campers for cooking （露营时烹饪用的有盖和把的）铁罐./ˈbɪlɪ gəʊt; `bɪlɪˌˇot/ n male goat 公山羊. =>illus at goat 见goat之插图. Cf 参看 nanny-goat./ˈbɪlɪ əʊ; `bɪlɪ o/ n (idm 习语) like `billy-oh (dated infml 旧, 口) vigorously; fast 猛烈地; 很快地: go, work, run, etc like billy-oh 很快地去、工作、跑等./ˈbɪltɒŋ; `bɪlˌtɑŋ/ n [U] (in S Africa) strips of lean meat salted and dried in the sun （南非的）晒乾的腌瘦肉条./ˌbaɪmɪˈtlɪk; ˌbaɪmə`tælɪk/ adj  1 made of or using two metals 双金属的; 用双金属制造的; 使用双金属的.  2 using the system of bimetallism 复本位制的./ˌbaɪˈmetəlɪzəm; baɪ`mɛtlˌɪzəm/ n [U] use of two metals, esp gold and silver, with a fixed ratio to each other as the monetary standard 复本位制（尤指金银二本位制, 在货币的法定纯度中保持二者的固定比率）./ˌbaɪˈmʌnθlɪ; baɪ`mʌnθlɪ/ adj produced or happening every second month or twice a month 两月一次的; 每月两次的: a bimonthly journal, event 双月刊、活动./bɪn; bɪn/ n  1 large container, usu with a lid, for storing bread, flour, coal, wine, etc （贮存面包、面粉、煤、酒等的通常有盖的）大箱子: a `bread bin 面包箱.  2 (esp Brit) = dustbin (dust)./ˈbaɪnərɪ; `baɪnərɪ/ adj of or involving a pair or pairs 成双的.either the digit 0 or the digit 1, as used in binary notation 二进制数字（0或1, 用于二进制记数法）.system of numbers, common in computing, using only the two digits 0 and 1 二进制记数法（仅用0和1的记数方法, 计算机运算中多见）.two stars that revolve around a common centre 双星（环绕一共同中心旋转的两颗星）./baɪnd; baɪnd/ v (pt, pp bound/ baUnd; baJnd/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (to B); ~ A and B (together) (a) tie or fasten, eg with rope 捆绑或系紧（如用绳）: The hostages were bound (with ropes) and gagged. 人质被（用绳）捆住并塞住了口. * They bound his legs (together) so he couldn't escape. 他们将他的双腿捆（在一）起使他无法逃跑. * He was bound to a chair and left. 他被绑在一把椅子上, 就那样待着. (b) (fig 比喻) hold (people or things) together; unite 将（人或物）合在一起; 结合: the feelings that bind him to her 把他与她结合在一起的感情.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) tie a band or strip of material round sth （用带或条）束捆、扎、绑: bind (up) (ie bandage) a wound 包扎伤口 * hair bound up with ribbon 扎上丝带的头发.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fasten (sheets of paper) between covers 装订: bind a book 装订书籍 * a well-bound book 装订精美的书 * two volumes bound in leather 皮面精装的两卷书.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (the edge of sth) in order to strengthen it or as a decoration 将（某物）封边（加固或作装饰）: bind the cuffs of a jacket with leather 给上衣袖口镶皮边 * bind the edge of a carpet, ie to prevent fraying 给地毯包边（防止磨损）.  5 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/together) (cause sth to) stick together in a solid mass （使）粘成硬块: Add an egg-yolk to the flour and fat to make it bind/to bind the mixture. 在面粉和油脂中加入蛋黄使之凝结. * Frost binds the soil. 霜把土壤冻结了. * The earth is `frost-bound, ie frozen hard. 地面冻硬了. * Some foods bind the bowels/are binding, ie cause constipation. 有些食物容易引起便秘.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth) impose a duty or legal obligation on sb (to do sth) （用责任或法律义务）约束某人（使之做某事）: bind sb to secrecy, ie make him promise to keep sth secret 使某人答应保守秘密 * bind sb to pay a debt 使某人必须还债.  7 (idm 习语) bind/tie sb hand and foot => hand1.  8 (phr v) bind sb over (to keep the peace) (law 律) warn sb that he will appear in court again if he breaks the law 令某人具结（遵守治安法令）: The magistrate bound him over (to keep 

n [sing] (infml 口) nuisance 讨厌的事情: It's a hell of a bind. 这件事讨厌透了.n  1 person who binds books; bookbinder 装订工.  2 machine that binds harvested corn into sheaves, or straw into bales 割捆机.  3 cover for holding sheets of paper, magazines, etc together 活页夹.  4 substance (eg bitumen, cement) that makes things stick together 黏合剂.n place where books are bound 书籍装订厂.n  1 [C] strong covering holding the pages of a book together （书的）封皮.  2 [U] fabric used for binding edges, eg braid 绲边; 绲条; 滚边.  adj ~ (on/upon sb) imposing a legal obligation (on sb) 对（某人）有法律约束力的: The agreement is binding on both parties. 协议对双方具有约束力./ˈbaɪndwiːd; `baɪndˌwid/ n [U, C] type of wild convolvulus 旋花属植物./baɪn; baɪn/ n twisting stem of a climbing plant, esp the hop 攀生植物的蔓（尤指　草蔓）./bɪndʒ; bɪndʒ/ n (infml 口)  1 time of wild or excessive eating and drinking （大吃大喝的）狂欢: He went on/had a three-day binge. 他大吃大喝了三天.  2 excessive indulgence in anything; spree 放纵; 纵情: a `shopping binge 大买特买./ˈbɪŋgəʊ; `bɪŋˇo/ n [U] gambling game in which players cover numbers on individual cards as the numbers are called at random 宾戈（一种赌博游戏）: [attrib 作定语] a `bingo hall 宾戈游戏厅./ˈbɪnəkl; `bɪnəkl/ n (nautical 海) non-mag-netic case for a ship's compass 罗经柜（用于轮船罗盘的无磁性箱柜）./bɪˈnɒkjʊləz; bɪ`nɑkjəlɚz/ n [pl] instrumentwith a lens for each eye, making distant objects seem nearer 双筒望远镜: watch from a distance through (a pair of) binoculars 用双筒望远镜观看远处./baɪˈnəʊmɪəl; baɪ`nomɪəl/ n (mathematics 数) algebraic expression consisting of two terms joined by + or  （代数的）二项式. 

adj./ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪkl; ˌbaɪo`kɛmɪkl/ adj./ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪst; ˌbaɪo`kɛmɪst/ n expert in biochemistry 生物化学家./ˌbaɪəʊˈkemɪstrɪ; ˌbaɪo`kɛmɪstrɪ/ n [U] scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学./ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈgreɪdəbl; ˌbaɪoˌdɪ`ˇredəbl/ adj (of substances) that can be made to rot by bacteria （指物质）可由生物降解的./baɪˈɒgrəfə(r); baɪ`ɑˇrəfɚ/ n person who writes a biography 传记作家./ˌbaɪəˈgrfɪk, -ɪkl; ˌbaɪə`ˇræfɪk, -ɪkl/ adjs.=> biographic/baɪˈɒgrəfɪ; baɪ`ɑˇrəfɪ/ n (a) [C] story of a person's life written by sb else （由其他人撰写的）传记: Boswell's biography of Johnson. 博斯威尔撰写的约翰逊传记. (b) [U] such writing as a branch of literature 传记文学: I prefer biography to fiction. 我喜欢看传记, 不太喜欢看小说./ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌbaɪə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj of or relating to biology 生物学的; 与生物学有关的: a biological experiment, reaction 生物学实验[反应] * biological soap-powders, ie ones that clean by destroying the living organisms contained in dirt 生物制剂皂粉. control of pests, esp insects, by the introduction of their natural enemy 生物控制（对有害生物, 尤指害虫, 利用其天敌进行控制）.use of germs as a weapon in war 生物战; 细菌战.adv./-dʒɪst; -dʒɪst/ n expert in biology 生物学家. Cf 参看 botany, zoology./baɪˈɒlədʒɪ; baɪ`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals 生物学./baɪˈɒnɪk; baɪ`ɑnɪk/ adj (in science fiction) having parts of the body that are operated electron-ically; having superhuman strength as a result of this （在科幻小说中）身体某部受电子操纵的, 有超人力量的./ˈbaɪɒpsɪ; `baɪɑpsɪ/ n (medical 医) examination of fluids or tissue taken from a living body to diagnose a disease 活组织检查. Cf 参看 autopsy./ˈbaɪəʊrɪðəm; `baɪoˌrɪðəm/ n any of the recurring cycles of physical, emotional and intellectual activity said to affect human behaviour 生物节律（据说可影响人类行为的体力、感情和智力活动的循环）./ˈbaɪəskəʊp; `baɪəˌskop/ n (S African 南非) cinema 电影院./ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒɪ; ˌbaɪotɛk`nɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] branch of technology concerned with the forms of industrial production that use micro-organisms and their biological processes 生物工艺学./ˌbaɪpɑːtɪˈzn; <i>US</i> ˌbaɪˈpɑːrtɪzn; baɪ`pɑrtəzn/adj of or involving two political parties 两党的; 代表两党的: a bipartisan policy 获得两党支持的政策 * bipar-tisan talks 两党的会谈./ˈbaɪˈpɑːtaɪt; baɪ`pɑrˌtaɪt/ adj  1 consisting of two parts 由两部分构成的; 双边的.  2 shared by or involving two groups or parties 双方共有的; 涉及双方的: a bipartite agreement, treaty, etc 双边协定、条约等./ˈbaɪped; `baɪpɛd/ n animal with two feet 二足动物./ˈbaɪpleɪn; `baɪˌplen/ n early type of aeroplane with two sets of wings, one above the other 双翼飞机. Cf 参看 monoplane./bɜːtʃ; bɝtʃ/ n  1 [U, C] (wood of a) type of northern forest tree with smooth bark and thin branches 白桦树; 桦木. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.  2 [C] birch rod or a bundle of birch twigs, formerly used for flogging schoolboys and young offenders 桦条（旧时用以抽打学童和少年犯）: Should we bring back the birch as a punishment? 我们应该恢复用桦条抽打的体罚吗?

v [Tn] flog with a birch(2) 用桦条打./bɜːd; bɝd/ n  1 feathered animal with two wings and two legs, usu able to fly 鸟; 禽. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages iv, v.  2 (sl 俚esp Brit) young woman 妞; 姑娘: Terry's got a new bird, ie girl-friend. 特里有了个新女朋友.  3 (infml 口) person 人; 家伙: a queer bird 怪人 * a wise old bird 聪明老练的人 * The professional footballer who also plays cricket is a rare bird nowadays, ie There are very few of them. 职业足球员也打板球的现在很少见了.  4 (idm 习语) the bird has `flown (catchphrase 警语) the wanted person has escaped 要捉的人逃走了. a bird in the `hand is worth two in the `bush (saying 谚) it is better to be content with what one has than to risk losing everything by being too greedy 一鸟在手, 胜于二鸟在林（最好满足于现有的, 以免因贪心而失去一切）. the birds and the `bees (euph 婉) basic facts about sex 基本的性知识: tell a child about the birds and the bees 给孩子讲解基本的性知识. a ,bird's ,eye `view (of sth) (a) general view from a high position looking down 俯视; 鸟瞰: From the plane we had a bird's eye view of London. 我们从飞机上鸟瞰伦敦. (b) general summary (of a subject) （某科目的）概观. birds of a `feather (flock to`gether) (saying 谚) people of the same sort (are found together) 鸟以群分（同类的人在一起）. an early bird => early. the early bird catches the worm => early. (strictly) for the birds (infml derog 口, 贬) not important; worthless 不重要的; 无价值的. give sb/get the `bird (sl 俚) shout at sb/be shouted at rudely and disapprovingly 用喊声轰某人: The comedian got the bird, ie was jeered at by the audience. 那喜剧演员让人喝了倒采. a home bird => home1. kill two birds with one stone => kill. like a bird (infml 口) without difficulty; smoothly 毫无困难地; 一帆风顺地: My new car goes like a bird. 我的新汽车行驶自如. a little bird told me => little1.New Guinea bird with very bright plumage 极乐鸟（产于新几内亚, 羽毛鲜艳）.1 migratory bird 候鸟.  2 (fig 比喻) person who passes through a place without staying there long 经某处而不久留的人.bird that kills other animals for food 猛禽. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.area where birds are protected and helped to breed 鸟类保护区.n basin for birds to bathe in (usu in a garden) 鸟浴池（通常设于花园）.n [U] musical cry of birds 鸟的婉转啼鸣; 啁啾.n platform on which food for birds is placed 放置鸟食的平台.n [C], `bird-watching n [U] (person whose hobby is) studying birds in their natural surroundings （在大自然中）对鸟的研究（的爱好者）.(infml derog 口, 贬) stupid; silly 愚蠢的; 笨的.cage for a domestic bird or birds 鸟笼./ˈbɜːdɪ; `bɝdɪ/ n  1 (infml 口) little bird 小鸟.  2 score of one stroke under par for a hole at golf 高尔夫球运动中比规定击球次数少一击入穴所得的分数. Cf 参看 eagle 2, par1 3.n [U] sticky substance spread on branches to catch small birds （涂在树枝上以捕捉小鸟的）黏胶.n [U] special seeds for feeding caged birds 鸟食./bɪˈretə; bə`rɛtə/ n square, usu black, cap worn by Roman Catholic priests 法冠（天主教教士戴的通常为黑色的四角帽）./bɜːθ; bɝθ/ n  1 (a) [U] emergence of young from the mother's body; being born or bearing young 分娩; 出生; 生育: The father was present at the (moment of) birth. 婴儿出生时其父亲在场. * The baby weighed seven pounds at birth. 婴儿出生时重七磅. * He has been blind from birth, ie all his life. 他自出生时就双目失明. (b) [C] instance of this 分娩; 出生; 生育: There were three births at the hospital yesterday. 昨天这所医院里有三个婴儿出生.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) coming into existence; beginning 起源; 开始: the birth of capitalism, socialism, a political party, an idea 资本主义、社会主义、一个政党、一种思想的起源.  3 [U] family origin; descent 家庭出身; 门第: of noble birth, ie from an aristocratic family 高贵身世的（出身于贵族家庭） * She is English by birth but French by marriage. 她是英国血统, 但嫁给法国人而入了法国籍.  4 (idm 习语) give birth (to sb/sth) produce young 生孩子; 产仔: She gave birth (to a healthy baby) last night. 她昨天晚上生了（一个健康的婴儿）. * (fig 比喻) Marx's ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想孕育了共产主义.official document giving the date and place of a person's birth 出生证明书.ratio of births in one year to every thousand people 出生率.n [U] controlling the number of children one has, esp by contraception 节育: The pill is one method of birth-control. 服用避孕丸是一种避孕措施.n unusual coloured mark on a person's skin at birth 胎记; 胎痣.n house or district where a person was born 出生处; 出生地: Mozart's birthplace is (in) Salzburg. 莫扎特的出生地是萨尔茨堡.n privilege or property which a person may claim because of birth or status 由于出身或地位而可以享有的特权或财产; 与生俱来的权利: The estate is the birthright of the eldest son. 长子对这份地产有继承权. * (fig 比喻) Freedom is our natural birthright. 自由是我们的天赋权利./ˈbɪskɪt; `bɪskɪt/ n  1 [C] small flat thin piece of pastry baked crisp 饼乾.  2 [C] (US) soft cake like a scone 软烤饼.  3 [U] light-brown colour 淡褐色.  4 [U] pottery that has been fired (fire2 7) but not glazed （经烤焙而未上釉彩的）本色陶器.  5 (idm 习语) take the biscuit/cake (Brit infml 口) be extremely or specially amusing, annoying, surprising, etc 极其可笑、讨厌、惊奇等: He's done stupid things before, but this really takes the biscuit, ie is the most stupid thing. 他以前倒也干过傻事, 但这次实在太离谱了（做了最愚蠢的事）./ˌbaɪˈsekʃʊəl; baɪ`sɛkʃᴜəl/ adj  1 sexually attracted to both men and women 对男女两性都有性欲的. Cf 参看 heterosexual, homosexual.  2 having both male and female sexual organs; hermaphrodite 具有两性生殖器官的; 雌雄同体的.

n person who is bisexual 对男女两性都有性欲的人; 具有两性生殖器官的人; 阴阳人./ˌbaɪsekʃʊˈlətɪ; ˌbaɪsɛkʃᴜ`ælətɪ/ n [U]./ˈbɪʃəp; `bɪʃəp/ n  1 senior clergyman in charge of the work of the Church in a city or district 主教: the Bishop of Durham 达勒姆市主教.  2 chess piece shaped like a bishop's hat （国际象棋中的）象. =>illus at chess 见 chess./ˈbɪʃəprɪk; `bɪʃəprɪk/ n  1 position of a bishop 主教的职位.  2 district under a bishop's control; diocese 主教的管区; 主教辖区./ˈbɪzməθ; `bɪzməθ/ n [U] chemical element, a greyish-white metal used in alloys; compound of this used in medicines 铋. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈbaɪsn; `baɪsn/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 American buffalo 北美野牛.  2 European wild ox 欧洲野牛./ˈbiːstrəʊ; `bɪstro/ n (pl ~s) small restaurant 小餐馆./bɪt; bɪt/ n  1 (a) [C] small piece or amount (of sth) 小块; 少量: bits of bread, cheese, paper 一点面包、乾酪、纸张 * a bit of advice, help, luck, news 一点劝告、帮助、运气、消息 * I've got a bit of (ie some) shopping to do. 我得去买点东西. (b) [sing] a ~ (of sth) (infml ironic 口, 反语 ) large amount 大量: `How much money has he got in the bank?' `A fair bit.' ｀他在银行里有多少存款?＇｀可多啦.＇ * It takes quite a bit of time to get from London to Glasgow. 从伦敦到格拉斯哥要花很多时间. * This novel will take a bit of reading, ie a long time to read. 这本小说真够看的（要花很多时间）.  2 [C] (a) (Brit) small coin, esp an obsolete one worth three or six old pence 小硬币（尤指已作废的面值三或六便士的旧币）: a threepenny bit 三便士硬币. (b) (US) (usu pl and in phrases 通常用于复数和词组) 12 cents 十二分半（美元）: two bits or a quarter (of a dollar) （美元的）两个十二分半的钱币或一个二十五分的钱币.  3 [sing] (sl 俚) set of actions, attitudes, etc associated with a specific group, person or activity 与某集体、人或活动有关的一系列行动、态度等: She couldn't accept the whole drug-culture bit. 她看不惯一切和毒品有关的事.  4 (idm 习语) a bit (a) slightly; rather 稍微; 有一点儿: `Are you tired?' `Yes, I am a bit (tired).' ｀你累了吗?＇｀是的, 我有点儿（累）.＇ * This book costs a bit (too) much. 这本书（太）贵了一点儿. * These trousers are a bit tight. 这条裤子有点儿紧. (b) short time or distance 短时间; 短距离: Wait a bit! 稍等一会儿! * Move up a bit. 稍微向上挪一下. bit by `bit a piece at a time; gradually 一点儿一点儿地; 逐渐地: He assembled the model aircraft bit by bit. 他一块一块地装配飞机模型. * He saved money bit by bit until he had enough to buy a car. 他一点儿一点儿攒钱直到够买一辆汽车. a bit `much (infml 口) unwelcome; excessive; unreasonable 不受欢迎; 过分; 不合理: The noise from that party is getting a bit much. 从聚会上传来的喧闹声越发过分了. * It's a bit much ringing me up at three o'clock in the morning. 凌晨三点钟就打电话来, 太不像话了. a bit of a (infml 口) rather a 有点儿: He's a bit of a bul

/bɪt; bɪt/ n  1 metal part of a bridle put in a horse's mouth as a way of controlling it 嚼子. =>illus at harness 见harness之插图.  2 part of a tool that cuts or grips when twisted; tool for drilling holes 刀头, 钳口（工具的切削或钳夹的部分）; 钻头. Cf 参看 drill1, brace1 1.  3 (idm 习语) champ at the bit => champ1. get/take the bit between one's/the `teeth tackle a problem, task, etc in a determined, independent or headstrong way 全 力以赴; 独力承担; 勇往直前.

/bɪt; bɪt/ n (computing 计) unit of information expressed as a choice between two possibilities; binary digit 比特（信息单位, 以在两种可能性之间的一种选择表示）; 二进制数字; 二进制位.

pt of bite1.small part in a play or film （戏剧或电影中的）小角色./bɪtʃ; bɪtʃ/ n  1 female dog, fox, otter or wolf （雌性的）狗、狐、獭或狼: a greyhound bitch 雌灵　是. Cf 参看 dog 1, vixen.  2 (a) (sl derog 俚, 贬) spiteful woman 恶毒的女人; 泼妇: Don't talk to me like that, you bitch! 你这个母夜叉, 别跟我这样说话! (b) (sl 俚) difficult problem or situation 为难的问题或情况.  3 (idm 习语) son of a `bitch => son.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sb/sth) (infml 口) make spiteful comments; complain or grumble 出言不逊; 抱怨; 发牢骚: She's always bitching about the people at work. 她总是埋怨正在干活儿的人.n [U].adj spiteful or bad-tempered 不怀好意的; 脾气坏的: a bitchy remark 尖酸刻薄的话./baɪt; baɪt/ v (pt bit/ bIt; bIt/, pp bitten/ 5bItn;`bItn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) cut into or nip (sth/sb) with the teeth 咬（某物[某人]）: Does your dog bite? ie Is it in the habit of biting people? 你的狗咬人吗? * She bit into the apple. 她咬了一口苹果. * That dog just bit me in the leg. 那条狗刚咬了我的腿. * Stop biting your nails! 别再咬指甲了!  2 [Tn] (of an insect) sting; (of a snake) pierce (sb's skin) with its teeth （指昆虫）咬、叮、蜇;（指蛇）咬: badly bitten by mosquitoes 被蚊子叮得很厉害 * (joc 谑) We were bitten to death (ie bitten a great deal) by flies while camping. 露营时我们让飞虫咬得死去活来.  3 [I] (of fish) take or try to take the bait （指鱼）吞饵, 吃饵, 咬饵: The fish won't bite today. 今天鱼不上钩. * (fig 比喻) I tried to sell him my old car, but he wouldn't bite, ie he didn't accept the offer. 我打算把我的旧汽车卖给他, 可是他不肯上钩.  4 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) smart or sting （使某人[某物]）感觉剧痛或刺痛: Her fingers were bitten by the frost/were `frost-bitten. 她的手指冻伤了.  5 [I] take a strong hold; grip sth firmly 紧握; 抓紧, 咬住（某物）: Wheels won't bite on a slippery surface. 车轮打滑.  6 [I] become effective, usu in an unpleasant way 见效（通常指坏事）: The miners' strike is really starting to bite. 矿工罢工就要真正显出威力了.  7 (idm 习语) be bitten by sth have a strong interest in or enthusiasm for sth 对某事物有强烈的兴趣; 热衷于某事物: John's taken up stamp-collecting; he seems really bitten by it. 约翰已经着手集邮, 好像真入迷了. bite the `bullet accept sth unpleasant in a resigned way 硬着头皮接受不愉快的事物. bite the `dust (infml 口) (a) fall down dead 倒地而死. (b) be defeated or rejected 被打败; 被拒绝: Another of my great ideas bites the dust! 我的一个好主意又碰壁了! bite the hand that `feeds one be unfriendly to or harm sb who has been kind to one 对有德于己的人怀恶意或加害; 忘恩负义. bite sb's head off (infml 口) criticize sb angrily (and often unfairly) 愤怒地批评某人（常为不公正地）: I was only five minutes late but she really bit my head off. 我

/baɪt; baɪt/ n  1 [C] (a) act of biting 咬: eat sth in one bite 将某物一口吃下去 * The dog gave me a playful bite. 狗咬着我玩儿. (b) piece cut off by biting 咬下来的一块: A bite had been taken out of my sandwich. 我的三明治给咬去了一口.  2 [sing] (infml 口) food 食物: I haven't had a bite (to eat) all morning. 整整一早晨我一口东西都没吃.  3 [C] wound made by a bite or a sting 咬伤; 叮伤; 蜇伤: insect, mosquito, snake bites 虫咬伤、蚊子叮伤、蛇咬伤.  4 [C] taking of bait by a fish 鱼吞食诱饵; 上钩: anglers waiting for a bite 等着鱼上钩的垂钓者.  5 [sing, U] sharpness; sting 尖刻; 刺痛: There's a bite in the air, ie It's cold. 寒风刺骨. * His words had no bite, ie were harmless or ineffective. 他的话里没有尖刻的意思. * This cheese has a real bite, ie a strong flavour. 这乾酪的味可真厉害.  6 [U] cutting power or firm grip 切割能力; 紧抓; 紧握; 吃住: This drill has no bite. 这个钻钻不进去.  7 (idm 习语) sb's bark is worse than his bite => bark2. have/get two bites at the `cherry have a second opportunity to do sth; make a second attempt at doing sth 有做某事的第二次机会; 作第二次的尝试.adj  1 causing a smarting pain 引起剧痛的: a biting wind 刺骨的寒风.  2 (of remarks) sharply critical; cutting （指言语）尖刻的, 严厉的, 辛辣的: biting sarcasm 尖刻的讽刺. adv. pt of bite1./ˈbɪtə(r); `bɪtɚ/ adj  1 having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet 苦的; 有苦味的: Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. 不加奶的咖啡在嘴里留下了一些苦味.  2 difficult to accept; causing sorrow; unwelcome 难以接受的; 引起悲伤的; 不受欢迎的: learn from bitter experience 从惨痛教训中吸取教益 * Failing the exam was a bitter disappointment to him. 他考试不及格很伤心失望.  3 caused by, feeling or showing envy, hatred or disappointment 引起、感觉或显示出嫉妒、憎恶、怨恨或失望的: bitter quarrels, enemies, words 剧烈的争吵、死敌、毒恶的言语 * shed bitter tears 落下伤心泪 * She feels/is bitter about her divorce. 她对离婚觉得很感伤.  4 piercingly cold 严寒: a bitter wind 刺骨的寒风.  5 (idm 习语) a bitter `pill (for sb) (to swallow) thing that is unpleasant or humiliating to accept 难以忍受的、不愉快的或丢脸的事: Defeat in the election was a bitter pill for him to swallow. 在选举中失败是他难以下咽的苦果. to the bitter `end until all that is possible has been done 拼到底: fight, struggle, etc to the bitter end 战斗[斗争]...到底.

n [U] (Brit) bitter beer strongly flavoured with hops （用蛇麻子调味的）苦啤酒: A pint of bitter, please. 请来一品脱苦啤酒.adj  1 sweet but with a bitter taste at the end 甜中带苦的.  2 (fig 比喻) pleasant but with a hint of sadness 欢乐中带有一丝忧伤: bitter-sweet experiences/memories 苦乐交织的经历[回忆].adv in a bitter way 苦苦地; 惨痛地: be bitterly disappointed 伤心失望 * She wept bitterly. 她哭得很伤心. * He is bitterly (ie very deeply) opposed to nuclear weapons. 他强烈地反对核武器./ˈbɪtən; `bɪtɚn/ n marsh bird related to the heron, with a characteristic booming call 麻鹰（苍鹭类, 鸣声低沉, 栖息于沼泽）.n [U].n [U, sing or pl v] liquor flavoured with bitter herbs, used in cocktails 用苦味药草调味的酒（用于鸡尾酒）: gin and bitters 苦味杜松子酒 * a dash of bitters 少许苦味酒.adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) made up of bits; lacking unity 拼凑的; 零碎的: a bitty conversation, interview, film 东拉西扯的对话、电影 * The play is rather bitty. 这出戏有点儿像拼凑的./ˈbɪtjʊmən; <i>US</i> bəˈtuːmən; bə`tumən/ n [U] black sticky substance obtained from petroleum, used for covering roads or roofs 沥青./bɪˈtjuːmɪnəs; <i>US</i> -ˈtuː-; bɪ`tumənəs/ adj containing bitumen 含有沥青的: bituminous coal, ie coal that burns with smoky yellow flames 烟煤./ˈbaɪvælv; `baɪˌvælv/ n (zoology 动) shellfish with a hinged double shell, eg a mussel or clam 双壳贝类（如贻贝或蛤）: [attrib 作定语] a bivalve mollusc 一种双壳软体动物./ˈbɪvʊæk; `bɪvᴜˌæk/ n temporary camp without tents or any other cover, esp used by soldiers or mountaineers （无帐篷或其他遮盖物的）临时营地（尤指士兵或登山者所用的）.

v [I] (-ck-) make or camp in a bivouac 在露天地上宿营: We bivouacked on the open plain. 我们在开阔的原野上露营./bɪˈzɑː(r); bɪ`zɑr/ adj strange in appearance or effect; grotesque; eccentric 奇形怪状的; 古怪的.abbr 缩写 = (pl bks) book: Streamline Bk 2 《流线》第二册./blæb; blæb/ v (-bb-) [I] (infml 口)  1 give away a secret by indiscreet talk; confess 因不慎的谈吐而泄漏秘密; 认错: It'll remain a secret unless someone blabs. 除非有人泄漏出去, 否则这永远是个秘密.  2 = blabber./ˈblæbə(r); `blæbɚ/ (also blab) v [I] (infml 口) talk foolishly or too much 胡扯; 瞎说; 饶舌: What's he blabbering (on) about? 他胡扯些什么?

n [U] (infml 口) foolish or persistent talk 愚蠢的或喋喋不休的话.n (infml 口) person who blabs 多嘴人, 碎嘴子; 泄密者./blæk; blæk/ adj  1 (a) of the very darkest colour, like coal or soot; opposite of white; of a colour very similar to this 黑的; 黑色的: black shoes 黑鞋 * a black suit 一套黑衣服 * black coffee, ie without cream or milk 不加奶油或牛奶的咖啡. Cf 参看 white1. (b) (almost) without light, completely dark （几乎）没有光亮的, 完全黑暗的: a black starless night 一个漆黑没有星星的夜晚. (c) (of water, clouds, etc) dark, gloomy （指水、云等）昏黑的, 幽暗的: a deep, black pool 又深又黑的水潭 * The sky looks black and threatening, ie stormy. 天色阴沉可怕.  2 (a) of a dark-skinned race 黑肤色人种的: Many black people emigrated to Britain in the 1950's. 在二十世纪五十年代许多黑人移民到英国. * Britain's black minority/population 英国的黑人少数民族[人口]. (b) of black people 黑人的: black culture 黑人的文化.  3 very dirty; covered with dirt 很脏的; 有污垢的: hands black with grime 污黑的手.  4 (fig 比喻) without hope; very sad or melancholy 毫无希望的; 感伤的; 忧郁的: The future looks black. 前途暗淡. * black news 坏消息 * black (ie very great) despair 绝望 * a black day, week, etc, ie one full of sad or unwelcome events 倒霉的一天、一周等.  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] very angry or resentful 恼怒的; 怨恨的: a black look/mood 怒目而视[低落的情绪].  6 evil or wicked; very harmful 邪恶的; 不义的; 非常有害的: a black deed/lie 昧着良心的行为[谎言].  7 funny but in a cynical or macabre way 荒诞、恐怖而有趣的: black humour 黑色幽默（荒诞的或恐怖的幽默） * a black joke 黑色笑话（荒诞的或恐怖的笑话）.  8 (of goods, etc) not to be handled by trade unionists while others are on strike （指货物等）（在罢工时）工会会员不予处理的: The strikers declared the cargo black. 罢工者宣布那批货不予处理.  9 (idm 习语) (beat sb) black and `blue (hit sb until he is) covered with bruises （把某人打得）青一块紫一块. (as) black as ink/pitch very dark; completely black 墨黑; 漆黑. not as black as it/one is `painted not as bad as it/one is said to be 不像所说的那么坏. of the blackest/deepest dye => dye2. the pot calling the kettle black => pot1.

/blæk; blæk/ n  1 [U] black colour 黑色: Black is not my favourite colour. 黑色不是我喜爱的颜色.  2 [U] black clothes or material 黑色衣物或材料: The mourners were dressed in black. 哀悼者穿黑服.  3 (usu 通常作 Black) [C] (formerly derog, now the preferred word) person of a dark-skinned race; negro （原含贬意, 现以此词为宜）黑色皮肤种族的人; 黑人: Discrimination against Blacks is still common. 歧视黑人仍是普遍现象.  4 (idm 习语) be in the `black have money in one's bank account 在银行有存款. Cf 参看 be in the red (red2 4). black and `white (of television, photographs, etc) showing no colours except black, white and shades of grey （指电视、照片等）黑白: I changed my black and white television for a colour set. 我把黑白电视换了一台彩色的. * Most old films were made in black and white. 多数旧电影片都是黑白的. in black and white in writing or in print 白纸黑字（书写的或印刷的）: I want the contract in black and white. 我要这项合同见诸文字. (in) black and white (in) absolute terms, eg of good and bad, right and wrong 黑白分明; 是非分明: see/view the issue in black and white 是非分明地看待这一问题. work like a black/Trojan work very hard 工作非常努力.

/blæk; blæk/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) black; put polish on (shoes, etc) 把（某物）弄黑; 把鞋油等涂在（皮鞋等物）上.  2 [Tn] refuse to handle (goods, etc); boycott 拒绝装卸（货物等）; 抵制: The lorry had been blacked by strikers and could not be unloaded. 那辆货车遭罢工者抵制而无法卸货.  3 (phr v) black `out lose consciousness or memory temporarily 暂时失去知觉或记忆; 昏厥: The plane dived suddenly, causing the pilot to black out. 飞机猛然俯冲致使驾驶员昏厥. black sth out (a) extinguish (lights, etc) completely or cover (windows, etc) so that light cannot be seen from outside 完全熄灭（灯火等）或遮住（窗户等）使外面看不到光亮: houses blacked out during an air raid 空袭时实行灯火管制的房屋. (b) cover (sth written and printed) with black ink, etc so that it cannot be read （在书写或印刷材料上）用墨水涂去.= blackmagic.automatic device for recording details of the flight of a plane 黑盒（记录飞机飞行详情的自动装置）.play, etc that presents the unpleasant or tragic realities of life in a comic way 黑色喜剧（以喜剧形式表现不愉快的或悲剧的人生现实的戏剧等）.unofficial system of employing and paying workers without observing legal requirements such as the payment of income tax 黑市经营（对工人雇用及付酬不遵守缴纳所得税等法规的做法）: The growing black economy is beginning to worry the Government. 黑市经营日益泛滥, 政府已开始担忧.dark bruised skin around a person's eye, resulting from a blow （被打得）眼圈发青: give sb a black eye, ie hit sb in the eye causing a bruise 把某人打得眼圈发青.Dominican monk （多明我会的）修道士.region in outer space from which no matter or radiation can escape 黑洞（任何物质或辐射均无从逃逸的外太空区域）.thin transparent layer of ice on a road surface 黑冰, 薄冰（路面上薄而透明的冰层）: The lorry skidded on a stretch of black ice. 货车在薄冰路面上打滑.type of magic that involves calling on the powers of evil 妖术; 诅咒巫术./məˈraɪə; mə`raɪə/ (infml 口) police van for transporting prisoners 囚车.sign of disapproval or discredit (placed against a person's name) （指人品）污点: (fig 比喻) The public scandal left a black mark on his career. 这一尽人皆知的丑闻给他的事业留下了污点.illegal buying and selling of goods or currencies (esp where there is official rationing) 黑市; 黑市交易: buy/sell sth on the black market 在黑市上买[卖]某物 * [attrib 作定语] black market goods 黑市货物. ,black ,marke`teer person who trades on the black market 做黑市交易者.travesty of the Mass, in which Satan is worshipped instead of God 黑弥撒（渎神弥撒, 所赞颂的是撒旦而非上帝）.member of a militant group of Blacks, esp in the USA, who follow Islam 黑人穆斯林（尤指美国追随伊斯兰教的黑人激进组织成员）.hot seasoning made by grinding dried unripe berries of the pepper plant 黑胡椒.movement supporting civil rights and political power for black people 黑人民权运动.type of large dark sausage made from dried blood, suet and barley 黑香肠（用乾血、牛羊脂肪油和大麦制成的）.women's anti-apartheid organization in S Africa 黑带组织（南非反对种族隔离制度的妇女组织）.person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group 害群之马: My brother is the black sheep of the family. 我弟弟是我们家的害群之马.place where accidents often happen, esp on a road 黑点地区（常发生事故的地点, 尤指道路某处）: a notorious (accident) black spot 声名狼藉（常发生事故）的黑点地区.(a) black bow-tie worn with a dinner jacket 黑领结（穿黑色晚礼服上衣时所配的黑色蝴蝶领结）. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] requiring formal dress 要求穿礼服的: a black tie dinner/affair 要求穿礼服的宴会[场合] * It's black tie, ie Dinner-jackets should be worn. 那是要穿晚礼服的.poisonous American spider, the female of which often eats its mate 黑寡妇（美洲有毒蜘蛛, 雌蜘蛛常在交配後吃掉雄蜘蛛）.n type of cockroach 蟑螂.n  1 (a) period when all lights must be put out or covered, esp as a precaution during an air attack 灯火管制期（尤指为防空袭的）: Curtains must be drawn during the black-out. 在灯火管制期间必须拉上窗帘. (b) period of darkness caused by an electrical power failure 停电. (c) (theatre 戏) extinguishing of stage lights, eg at the end of a scene 舞台熄灯（如在戏剧中一幕结束时的）.  2 temporary loss of consciousness or sight or memory 暂时失去知觉、视力或记忆.  3 prevention of the release of information 封锁消息: The government imposed a news black-out (ie stopped the broadcasting and printing of news) during the crisis. 政府在那次危机期间实施新闻封锁.fever very severe type of malaria with bloody urine 黑尿热, 黑水热（严重的疟疾, 尿液带血）./ˈblækəmɔː(r) or, rarely, 罕读作 -mʊə(r);`blækəˌmɔr/ n (dated derog offensive 旧, 贬, 蔑) negro or dark-skinned person 黑人; 黑色皮肤的人./ˈblækbɔːl; `blækˌbɔl/ v [Tn] prevent (sb) from joining a club or group by voting against him in a ballot 投反对票以阻止（某人）加入某俱乐部或某组织: blackball a candidate 投票反对一候选人./ˈblækbrɪ, -berɪ; `blækˌbɛrɪ/ n  1 wild shrub with thorny stems 黑莓（野生灌木, 树干有刺）.  2 its small dark edible fruit 黑莓（可供食用的黑色小果子）. -- v [I] (pt, pp -ried) gather blackberries 采黑莓: go blackberrying 去采黑莓.n European songbird of the thrush family, the male of which is black 黑鹂（欧洲鸫科鸣禽, 雄鸟黑色）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.n (US `chalkboard) dark-coloured board used for writing on with chalk, esp in a school classroom 黑板.n  1 common garden shrub 黑醋栗（欧洲常见园栽灌木）.  2 its small dark edible berry 黑醋栗（深色可食用的小果子）./ˈblækən; `blækən/ v [Tn]  1 make or become black or very dark 使黑; 使变黑.  2 [Tn] say unpleasant things about (sth) 诋毁, 诽谤（某事物）: blacken a person's character/name 诋毁某人的品格[名声]./ˈblægɑːd; `blæˇɑrd/ n (fml 文) dishonourableman; scoundrel 无耻之徒; 恶棍; 无赖; 流氓.adj (fml 文) dishonest or immoral 无耻的; 不道德的; 邪恶的; 下流的: a blackguardly trick 卑鄙的手段.n small black pimple blocking a pore in the skin 黑头粉刺.n  1 [C] (esp US) type of stick or club used as a weapon, esp a leather-covered metal pipe held by a strap or flexible handle （用作武器的）棍子或棒子（尤指包着皮革的金属管, 有皮带或弹性手柄）.  2 [U] = pontoon2.n [U] grey-black substance used in lead pencils and for polishing 石墨; 笔铅. -- v [Tn] polish (sth) with blacklead 用石墨抛光某物./ˈblækleg; `blækˌlɛˇ/ n (derog 贬) person who works when his fellow workers are on strike 工贼（在别人罢工时上工的人）. Cf 参看 strike-breaker (strike1).

v [I] (-gg-) (derog 贬) act as a blackleg 当工贼（在别人罢工时去上工）./ˈblæklɪst; `blækˌlɪst/ n list of people who are considered dangerous or who are to be punished 黑名单: The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists. 警方拟就一份通缉恐怖分子的黑名单.

v [Tn] put (sb) on a blacklist 把（某人）列入黑名单: He was blacklisted because of his extremist views. 他因观点偏激而被列入黑名单./ˈblækmeɪl; `blækˌmel/ n [U]  1 demanding money (from sb) by threatening to reveal information which could harm him 勒索; 敲诈: be found guilty of blackmail 被裁决犯有勒索罪.  2 use of threats to influence a person or group 用威胁来左右别人: `Increase productivity or lose your jobs.' `That's blackmail!' ｀你们要提高生产率, 不然就把你们解雇!＇｀这是要挟!＇

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) force sb to do sth by blackmail 要挟某人做某事: He was blackmailed by an enemy agent (into passing on state secrets). 敌特威胁他（要他交出国家机密）. * The strikers refused to be blackmailed into returning to work. 罢工者拒绝了要挟复工的条件.n person who commits blackmail 勒索者; 敲诈者.n [U].n member of a fascist organization 黑衫党党员（法西斯组织成员）./ˈblæksmɪθ; `blæksmɪθ/ (also smith) n person whose job is to make and repair things made of iron, esp horseshoes 铁匠（尤指马蹄铁匠）.n thorny European shrub with white blossom and purple fruit like a small plum 黑刺李（欧洲有刺灌木, 开白花结紫果, 像小李子）./ˈblædə(r); `blædɚ/ n  1 bag made of membrane in which urine collects in human and animal bodies 膀胱.  2 similar bag that can be inflated for various uses (eg the rubber lining of a football) （任何可充气的）囊状物（如足球内的橡皮球胆）./bleɪd; bled/ n  1 (a) flat cutting part of a knife, sword, chisel, etc （刀、剑、凿等的）刃: a penknife with five blades 五开的摺刀. =>illus at knife, sword 见knife, sword. (b) = razor-blade (razor).  2 (dated 旧) sword; swordsman 剑; 剑客; 击剑家.  3 flat wide part of an oar, a propeller, a spade, a cricket bat, etc （划水桨、螺旋桨、锹、铲、板球击球板等的）扁宽平面部分. =>illus at rowing-boat row见rowing-boat之插图.  4 (a) flat narrow leaf of certain plants, esp grasses and cereals （植物的）叶片（尤指草类与谷类的）: a blade of grass/corn 一片草叶[禾叶]. (b) flat part of a leaf or petal （叶子或花瓣的）扁平部分./ˈbleɪbrɪ; <i>US</i> -berɪ; `blebɛrɪ/ n = bilberry./blɑː; blɑ/ n [U] (infml 口) talk that sounds impressive but actually says very little 冠冕堂皇的废话: That's just a lot of blah. 那纯粹都是胡扯. * There he goes, blah blah blah, talking nonsense as usual. 他又来这一套了, 夸夸其谈, 像往常一样谈来谈去都是废话./bleɪm; blem/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth)/~ sth on sb consider or say that sb is responsible for sth done (badly or wrongly) or not done 责备; 责怪; 指责; 埋怨; 归咎于: I don't blame you, ie I think your action was justified. 我不怪你（我认为你做得有道理）. * (saying 谚) A bad workman blames his tools, ie refuses to accept the responsibility for his own mistakes. 拙匠埋怨工具差（不承认错在自己）. * If you fail the exam you'll only have yourself to blame, ie it will be your own fault. 你若考试不及格, 只能怪自己. * She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him. 她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他.  2 (idm 习语) be to blame (for sth) be responsible for sth bad; deserve to be blamed 对某坏事应负责任; 应受责备: Which driver was to blame for the accident? 这事故是哪个司机的责任? * She was in no way to blame. 决不应该责备她.

n [U] ~ (for sth)  1 responsibility for sth done badly or wrongly （对做坏的或做错的事所负的）责任: bear/take/accept/get the blame (for sth) （对某事）承担责任 * Where does the blame for our failure lie? ie Who or what is responsible? 我们失败的症结在哪里?  2 criticism for doing sth wrong 对做错某事的批评: He incurred much blame for his stubborn attitude. 他态度顽固而招致许多责难.  3 (idm 习语) lay/put the blame (for sth) on sb blame sb for sth 把某事归咎于某人.adj deserving no blame; innocent 无可责备的; 无过失的: a blameless life 无可指责的一生 * None of us is blameless in this matter. 在这件事上, 我们没有一个人是无过错的. blamelessly adv. blameworthy adj deserving blame 应受责备的./blɑːntʃ; <i>US</i> blæntʃ; blæntʃ/ v  1 [Tn] prepare (food, esp vegetables) by putting briefly in boiling water; scald 焯（食物, 尤指蔬菜）; 烫洗: You blanch almonds to remove their skins. 你把杏仁焯一下, 烫去表皮.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (at sth) become pale (with fear, cold, etc) （因害怕、寒冷等而）脸色苍白: He blanched (with fear) at the sight of the snake. 他看见蛇（吓得）脸色煞白./bləˈmɒnʒ; blə`mɑnʒ/ n [C, U] jelly-like pudding made with milk in a mould 牛奶冻儿（用牛奶调制, 放在模子里成型的胶状点心）./blænd; blænd/ adj (-er, -est)  1 gentle or casual in manner; showing no strong emotions; suave 文雅的; 随和的; 不动感情; 和蔼的.  2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of food) not rich or stimulating; very mild in flavour; tasteless （指食物）不油腻的, 无刺激性的, 清淡的, 无味的: He eats only bland food because of his ulcer. 他患溃疡, 只能吃无刺激性的食物. * This cheese is rather bland. 这乾酪没什么味道.  3 without striking features; uninteresting 无显着特徵的; 引不起兴趣的: He has a bland appearance. 他外表平庸. /ˈblændɪʃmənt; `blændɪʃmənt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) flattering or coaxing words and actions 谄媚或哄骗的言语和行为: She resisted his blandishments. 她把他的甜言蜜语顶了回去.adv. n [U]./blæŋk; blæŋk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) without writing or print; unmarked 空白的; 无痕迹的: a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸 * a blank page 空白的一页 * Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank. 在这页的一边写字, 另一边空着. (b) (of a document, etc) with empty spaces for writing answers, a signature, etc （指文件等）有空白处的（供填写答覆、签字等）: a blank form 空白的表格. (c) bare; empty 光着的; 空的: a blank wall, ie without doors, windows, pictures, etc 一堵光秃秃的墙（没有门窗, 没有图画等）.  2 without expression, understanding or interest; empty 没表情的; 不理解的; 没兴趣的; 空虚的: a blank expression/face/gaze 茫然的表情[面孔/凝视] * He looked blank, ie puzzled. 他显得不知所措. * Her questions drew blank looks all round, ie No one seemed to know how to answer them. 她的问题把大家问得目瞪口呆. * Suddenly my mind went blank, ie I was unable to remember anything or think properly. 猛然间我的脑子里成了一片空白.  3 [attrib 作定语] total; absolute 全部的; 绝对的: a blank denial/refusal 全然的否认[拒绝].

n  1 (a) empty space in a document, etc for writing answers, a signature, etc （文件之类供作答、签名等所留的）空白: fill in the blanks on the question paper 在问卷上填空 * If you can't answer the question, leave a blank. 如果答不上来就空着. (b) printed document with empty spaces 空白表格: I've filled in this form incorrectly. Can I have another blank? 我把表格填错了. 再给我一张空白的, 可以吗?  2 empty space; void 空白; 空虚; 空隙: My mind/memory was a (complete) blank  I couldn't think of a single answer. 我头脑[记忆]里（完全）是一片空白--连一个答案也想不出.  3 = blank cartridge.  4 (idm 习语) draw a blank => draw2.

v (phr v) blank sth out obscure or erase sth 掩盖; 删去.cartridge that contains powder but no bullet （有弹药而无弹头的）空弹, 空包弹.(a) signed cheque with the amount to be paid left blank, for the payee to write in （由受款人自行填写金额的）空白支票. (b) (fig 比喻) complete authority to do sth 对某事可全权处理: The architect was given/presented with a blank cheque to design a new city centre. 设计师被授予全权设计一个新的城市中心区.verse written in lines of usu ten syllables, without rhyme 无韵诗（通常为每行十个音节而不押韵的诗歌）: Many Elizabethan plays are written in blank verse. 伊丽莎白时代的许多戏剧以无韵诗形式写成./ˈblæŋkɪt; `blæŋkɪt/ n  1 thick woollen covering used, esp on beds, for keeping people warm 毛毯; 毡子: It's cold  I need another blanket. 太冷了--我再要一条毯子.  2 (fig 比喻) thick covering mass or layer 覆盖着厚厚的块或层: a blanket of fog/cloud/smoke/snow 一层雾[云/烟/雪].  3 [attrib 作定语] covering all cases or classes; general; comprehensive 包括一切情形或种类的; 总括的; 综合的: a blanket agreement/term/rule 一揽子协议[总的条件/总则].  4 (idm 习语) be born on the wrong side of the blanket => born. a wet blanket => wet.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover sth completely 完全覆盖某物: The countryside was blanketed with snow/fog. 乡村被雪[雾]覆盖着.adv with a blank expression 茫然若失: look blankly at sb/sth 呆呆地看着某人[某物].n [U]./bleə(r); blɛr/ v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) make a loud harsh sound like a trumpet 发出像喇叭一样响亮刺耳的声音: Car horns blared. 汽车的喇叭响了. * The trumpets blared `out. 喇叭齐鸣.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) produce or utter (such sounds) 发出（上述的声音）: The radio blared out pop music. 无线电高声播放流行音乐.

n [U] blaring sound 巨大刺耳的声音: the blare of police sirens, a brass band 警车警报器的鸣声[铜管乐队的奏鸣声]./ˈblɑːnɪ; `blɑrnɪ/ n [U] (infml 口) smooth talk that flatters and deceives people 奉承话; 花言巧语./ˈblɑːzeɪ; <i>US</i> blɑːˈzeɪ; blɑ`ze/ adj ~ (about sth) bored or not impressed by things because one has already experienced or seen them so often 腻烦的: a blase attitude/manner 一副无所谓的态度[样子] * She's very blase about parties. 她非常腻烦聚会./blæsˈfiːm; blæs`fim/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (against sb/sth) swear or curse using the name of God; speak in an irreverent way about (God or sacred things) 亵渎（神只或神圣的事物）: blaspheme (against) the name of God 亵渎神的名 * He always swears and blasphemes when he's drunk. 他酒醉後总是骂骂咧咧, 亵渎神只.n person who blasphemes 亵渎神者./ˈblæsfəməs; `blæsfɪməs/ adj showing contempt or irreverence for God and sacred things 对上帝和神圣事物表示轻蔑或不敬的: blasphemous words/ curses/ language 亵渎神只的词语[诅咒/言语]. adv./ˈblæsfəmɪ; `blæsfɪmɪ/ n (a) [U] blasphemous behaviour or language 亵渎神只的行为或言语: the sin of blasphemy 亵渎神只的罪恶. (b) [C] instance of this 亵渎神只: the blasphemies of the heretic 异教徒对神只的亵渎./blɑːst; <i>US</i> blæst; blæst/ n  1 [C, U] explosion; destructive wave of air from an explosion 爆炸; （由爆炸所引起具有破坏力的）气浪; 冲击波: a bomb blast 炸弹的爆炸 * Several passers-by were killed by (the) blast. 数名路人被炸死.  2 [C] sudden strong gust of air 一阵强烈的气流: the wind's icy blasts 阵阵冰冷的风 * a blast ofhot air from the furnace 来自高炉的一股炽热气浪.  3 [C]loud sound made by a brass instrument, car horn, etc （铜管乐器或汽车喇叭等所发出的）响亮声音: blow a blast on a bugle, trumpet, whistle, etc 军号、喇叭、哨子等吹出的声音.  4 [C] stream of hot air used to intensify the heat in a furnace 鼓风热气流（用以提高熔炉温度）.  5 (idm 习语) full blast => full.

/blɑːst; <i>US</i> blæst; blæst/ v  1 [I, Tn] destroy or break apart (esp rocks) using explosives 用炸药炸开（尤指石头）: Danger! Blasting in progress! 危险! 正在爆破! * The village was blasted by enemy bombs. 村子被敌人炸弹炸毁.  2 [Tn] damage or destroy (esp plants) by blight, cold, heat, etc; cause to wither （使）枯萎, （使）凋谢（尤指植物）: buds/crops blasted by frost/wind 被霜[风]所毁的幼芽[农作物].  3 [I] make a loud harsh noise 发出响亮刺耳的噪音.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) severely 严厉地批评, 痛斥（某人[某事物]）: The film was blasted by the critics. 这部电影遭到影评家的猛烈的抨击.  5 (phr v) blast sth away, down, in, etc break something in a specified way by blasting 把某物炸至（某种状况）: The explosion blasted the door open/down/in. 这爆炸把屋门炸开[炸倒/炸进屋内]. 

interj (expressing annoyance) how infuriating! （表示烦恼）倒霉! 糟糕!: Blast! I've burnt the toast. 真倒霉! 我把面包片烤胡了.(of spacecraft) be launched by the firing of rockets （指宇宙飞船）被火箭发射出: Apollo II blasted off at noon. 阿波罗2号于中午发射升空.n furnace for melting iron ore using blasts of hot air forced into it 鼓风炉; 高炉.n (time of) launching of a spacecraft 宇宙飞船发射（的时间）: Blast-off is in 30 seconds. 30秒钟後发射升空.adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very annoying 令人非常烦恼的: What a blasted nuisance! 这事多讨厌!n (infml 口) harsh criticism 严厉的批评: give his work a terrific blasting 对他的工作狠批一通./ˈbleɪtnsɪ; `bletnsɪ/ n [U] blatant quality 明显; 厚颜无耻; 明目张胆: the sheer blatancy of the crime 罪恶昭彰./ˈbleɪtnt; `bletnt/ adj very obvious; unashamed; flagrant 非常明显的; 厚颜无耻的; 明目张胆的: a blatant lie 无耻的谎言 * blatant disobedience, disrespect, insolence, etc 明目张胆的抗拒、怠慢、侮慢等.adv./ˈblæðə(r); `blæðɚ/ (also blether/ 5bleTE(r);`blZTL/) v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sb/sth)  (esp Scot 尤用于苏格兰) talk foolishly 胡说; 瞎扯.

(also blether) n [U] foolish talk 胡话; 蠢话./bleɪz; blez/ n  1 [C] (a) bright flame or fire 火焰; 火光: Dry wood makes a good blaze. 乾木燃起夺目的火焰. (b) very large (often dangerous) fire 大火; 火灾: Five people died in the blaze. 有五人死于火灾.  2 [sing] ~ of sth (a) very bright display (of light, colour, etc); brightness, brilliance （光、颜色等的）呈现; 明亮; 光辉: The garden is a blaze of colour, ie full of colourful flowers. 花园里万紫千红. * The high street is a blaze of lights in the evening. 晚上大街上灯火辉煌. (b) (fig 比喻) striking display or show 引人注目的展现或显示: a blaze of glory/publicity 荣耀[声名显赫]. (c) (fig 比喻) sudden outburst (of a violent feeling) （强烈感情的）骤然迸发: a blaze of anger/passion/temper 勃然大怒[大动感情/大发雷霆].

/bleɪz; blez/ v  1 [I] burn brightly and fiercely 猛烈地燃烧: A good fire was blazing in the grate. 炉箅子上的火很旺. * When the firemen arrived the whole building was blazing. 消防队到达时, 整座建筑物正在熊熊燃烧着.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] shine brightly 发光; 照耀: Bright lights blazed all along the street. 雪亮的灯光照得街道通明. * The sun blazed down on the desert. 阳光照射在沙漠上.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fig 比喻) show great feeling, esp anger 表现强烈的感情（尤指愤怒）: She was blazing with indignation, ie was extremely angry. 她勃然大怒. * a blazing row 愤怒的吼叫 * His eyes blazed (with anger). （由于愤怒）他的眼里充满怒火.  4 (phr v) blaze away fire continuously with guns 连续地射击: Our gunners/guns kept blazing away at the enemy. 我们的炮手[枪炮]一直不停地向敌军射击. blaze up (a) burst into flames 发出火焰; 燃烧起来: The fire blazed up when he added paraffin. 他加了一些煤油, 火就燃烧起来了. (b) (fig 比喻) suddenly become angry 忽然发怒: He blazed up without warning. 他突如其来地勃然大怒.

/bleɪz; blez/ n  1 white mark on an animal's face （动物面部上的）白斑.  2 mark cut in the bark of a tree to show sb which way to go （在树皮上割出指示去向的）记号.

v  1 [Tn] mark (a tree) by cutting off some bark （在树上）（割下一些树皮）作标记.  2 (idm 习语) blaze a `trail do sth for the first time and show others how to do it; be a pioneer (in sth) 作模范; （在某事中）作先行者: blazing a trail in the field of laser surgery 在激光外科手术领域中开拓新路. Cf 参看 trail-blazer (trail).

/bleɪz; blez/ (also blazon) v [Tn] make (sth) known; proclaim 把（某事）公之于众; 宣布: The news was blazed all over the daily papers. 所有日报都刊登了这条消息./ˈbleɪzə(r); `blezɚ/ n jacket, without matching trousers, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc （不与裤子配套的）西装上衣（常以其颜色或徽章作某俱乐部、学校、队组等的标记）./ˈbleɪzɪz; `blezɪz/ n [pl] (sl 俚)  1 (esp in expressions of anger or surprise) hell 地狱（尤作表示愤怒或惊讶用语）: Who/What the blazes is that? 那究竟是谁[什么]? * What the blazes are you doing? 你到底在搞什么鬼呢? * Go to blazes! 该死! 见鬼去吧!  2 (idm 习语) like blazes vigorously, fast 精力充沛地, 迅速地: run/work like blazes 拚命地跑[干活]./ˈbleɪzn; `blezn/ n heraldic shield; coat of arms 纹章; 盾徽.

v  [Tn]  >>1 = emblazon.  2 = blaze4.abbr 缩写 = building: engineering bldg, eg on a university campus 工程学大楼（如大学校园内的）./bliːtʃ; blitʃ/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become white or pale (by chemical action or sunlight) （使某物）变白; 漂白: bones of animals bleaching in the desert 沙漠里变白的兽骨 * bleach cotton, linen, etc 漂白棉花、亚麻等 * hair bleached by the sun 由于日晒而发白的毛发.

n [U, C] substance or process that bleaches or sterilizes 漂白或消毒; 漂白剂: soak shirts in bleach to remove the stains 在漂白剂中浸泡衬衣以清除污垢./ˈbliːtʃəz; `blitʃɚz/ n [pl] (US) cheap seats at a sports ground that are not roofed over （运动场内票价低廉的）露天座位.n substance used to remove colour from dyed materials, eg chloride of lime 漂白粉./bliːk; blik/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept （指景物）荒凉的, 裸露的, 光秃秃的: bleak hills, mountains, moors, etc 荒凉的丘陵、群山、旷野等. (b) (of the weather) cold and dreary （指天气）寒冷的, 阴沉的: a bleak winter day 冬天的一个阴冷日子.  2 (fig 比喻) not hopeful or encouraging; dismal; gloomy 无望的; 阴郁的; 黯淡的: a bleak outlook/prospect 黯淡的前景[前途] * The future looks bleak. 前途黯淡. adv. n [U].adv with bleary eyes 视力模糊地: look blearily at sb 蒙蒙胧胧地看某人./ˈblɪərɪ; `blɪrɪ/ adj (of eyes) blurred, esp because of tiredness; seeing dimly （指视力）模糊的（尤因疲倦所致）; 蒙蒙胧胧的.adj having bleary eyes 眼睛迷离的: He's always bleary-eyed early in the morning. 早上他总是睡眼惺忪./bliːt; blit/ n cry of a sheep, goat or calf; any noise like this 羊或牛犊的叫声; 类似羊或牛犊叫的声音.

v  1 [I] make a bleat 作羊或牛犊叫声.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (fig 比喻) say (sth) or speak feebly or plaintively 以微弱或哀伤的声音说（某事物）: What are you bleating about? 你喃喃地说些什么? * He bleated out a feeble excuse. 他以微弱的声音作无力的辩解./bliːd; blid/ v (pt, pp bled/ bled; blZd/)  1 (a) [I] lose or emit blood 流血: bleed to death 流血而死. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) suffer wounds or die (for a cause, one's country) （为事业、祖国）负伤或牺性: those who bled for the revolution 为革命而献身的人们.  2 [Tn] draw blood from (sb) 给（某人）放血: Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill. 从前医生常常给病人放血.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (infml 口) extort (money) from sb 向某人勒索（钱财）: The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had. 勒索者把他的钱榨得一乾二净.  4 [I] (of a plant, tree, etc) lose sap or juice （指花草、树木等）流浆, 流出汁液.  5 (idm 习语) bleed sb white take away all sb's money 榨取某人所有的钱. one's heart bleeds for sb => heart./ˈbliːdə(r); `blidɚ/ n (Brit sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) person 人; 家伙: You stupid bleeder! 你这个蠢才!/ˈbliːdɪŋ; `blidɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit sl 俚) = bloody2./bliːp; blip/ n short high-pitched sound made by an electronic device to attract attention （为引人注意使电子装置发出的）短促高音: The computer gave a regular bleep. 计算机发出有一定节律的哔哔声.

v  1 [I] emit bleeps 发哔哔声.  2 [Tn] call (esp a doctor) with a bleeper 用传呼机找人（尤指找医生）: Please bleep the doctor on duty immediately. 请立刻用传呼机召值班医生. n device that emits bleeps 发出哔哔声的装置; 传呼机./ˈblemɪʃ; `blɛmɪʃ/ n  1 mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth （有损于人或事物的美观或完美的）污点或痕迹; 瑕疵: a blemish on a pear, carpet, table-cloth 梨上的烂斑、地毯上的污垢、桌布上的污点 * She has a blemish above her right eye. 她右眼上方有一个疤.  2 (fig 比喻) defect, fault or flaw 缺点; 过错; 毛病: His character/reputation is without (a) blemish. 他在品德[名誉]上毫无瑕疵.

v [Tn] spoil the beauty or perfection of (sb/sth); flaw; mar 有损于（某人[某事物]）美观或完美; 玷污; 损伤: a blemished peach 有烂斑的桃子 * The pianist's performance was blemished by several wrong notes. 钢琴家的演奏由于弹错了几个音符而使人感到美中不足./blentʃ; blɛntʃ/ v [I] make a sudden movement because of fear; flinch 因恐惧而突然一动; 畏缩./blend; blɛnd/ v  1 [Tn] mix (different types of sth) in order to get a certain quality 混合; 搀和: blended whisky/tea/coffee/tobacco 混合的威士忌[茶叶/咖啡/烟草].  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sth)/~ (together) form a mixture; mix 成为混合物; 混合: Oil does not blend with water. 油不溶于水. * Oil and water do not blend. 油与水不能混合. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) mix one thing with another; mix things together 将此物与彼物混合; 把东西搀杂在一起: Blend the eggs with the milk. 把蛋搀到奶里. * Blend the eggs and milk (together). 把蛋和奶搀到一起.  3 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sth)/~ (together) combine with sth in a harmonious way; look or sound good together 调和; 协调; 融合: Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape. 那些农舍与周围的风景完全融为一体了. * Their voices blend (together) well. 他们的声音很和谐. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (esp of colours) shade gradually into each other （尤指颜色）逐渐融合在一起: The sea and the sky seemed to blend into each another. 大海和蓝天似乎连成了一片.  4 (phr v) blend in (with sth) mix harmoniously (with sth) （与某物）十分协调:The new office block doesn't blend in with its surroundings.新的办公大楼与周围的环境很不协调. blend sth in (in cooking) add another ingredient to sth and mix the two （烹饪时）在某物中加入其他成分使之混合: Melt the butter and then blend in the flour. 先把黄油融化, 然後加入面粉.

n  1 mixture of different sorts 不同种类的混合物: Which blend of coffee would you like? 你要哪一种混合咖啡? * (fig 比喻) His manner is a blend of charm and politeness. 他的举止既充满魅力, 又彬彬有礼.  2 = portmanteau word (portmanteau).n = liquidizer (liquidize)./bles; blɛs/ v (pt, pp blessed/ blest; blZst/; in sense 5, pp blest/ blest; blZst/) [Tn]  1 ask God's favour and protection for (sb/sth) 求神赐福于（某人[某事物]）; 求神保佑: They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them. 他们把孩子们领到耶稣跟前, 耶稣就赐福予他们. * The Pope blessed the crowd. 教皇向人群祝福. * The priest blessed the harvest. 牧师祈求丰收.  2 (esp in Christian ritual) make (sth) sacred or holy; consecrate （尤用于基督教仪式中）使（某事物）神圣; 奉献: The priest blessed the bread and wine, ie before the celebration of the Eucharist. 牧师先将饼和酒圣洁化, 然後开始圣餐仪式.  3 (esp in Christian Church services) call (God) holy; praise; glorify （尤用于基督教教会礼拜仪式中）颂扬（上帝）; 赞美: `We bless Thy Holy Name.' ｀我们颂赞您的圣名.＇  4 (esp imperative in prayers 尤用于祷文中的祈使句) (fml 文) grant health, happiness and success to (sb/sth) 赐与（某人[某事物]）健康、幸福及成功: Bless (ie We ask God to bless) all those who are hungry, lonely or sick. 求神赐福于那些饥饿、孤独或患病的人.  5 (pp blest) (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp in exclamations expressing surprise 尤用于感叹句, 表示惊奇): Bless me! 哎呀! * Bless my soul! 哎呀! * Well, I'm blest! 哎呀! * I'm blest if I know! ie I don't know at all. 我要是知道就好了（我一点也不知道）.  6 (idm 习语) be blessed with sth/sb be fortunate in having sth/sb 在某事物[某人]方面有福: He is blessed with excellent health. 他身体好极了, 真有福. * (joc or ironic 谑或反语) Mrs Murphy is blessed with twelve children. 墨菲夫人有十二个孩子, 真有福气. `bless you (used as an interj to express thanks or affection, or said to sb who has sneezed 用作感叹词, 表示谢意或情意, 或当别人打喷嚏时说): You've bought me a present? Bless you! 你给我买来一个礼物是吗? 太感谢你了!/ˈblesɪd; `blɛsɪd/ adj  1 holy; sacred 神圣的; 圣洁的: the Blessed Virgin, ie the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚（耶稣之母）.  2 (in religious language) fortunate （宗教用语）有福的: Blessed are the meek. 温顺的人有福了.  3 [attrib 作定语] giving pleasure; enjoyable 带来欢乐的; 令人愉快的: a moment of blessed calm 充满欢乐的太平时刻.  4 (in the Roman Catholic Church) (of a person) beatified by the Pope （天主教）（指人）受教皇宣福礼的.  5 (euph infml 婉, 口) (used to express mild anger, surprise, etc 用以表示轻度气愤、惊奇等) damned 该死的; 他妈的: I can't see a blessed thing without my glasses. 我不带眼镜他妈的什么也看不清.adv: It's so blessedly quiet here. 这儿多么静啊./ˈblesɪdnɪs; blɛsɪdnɪs/ n [U]./ˈblesɪŋ; `blɛsɪŋ/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) God's favour and protection 神恩; 神的保佑: ask for God's blessing 求神保佑. (b) prayer asking for this （求神保佑的）祈祷. (c) short prayer of thanks to God before or after a meal （餐前或餐後的）祷告: say a blessing 祷告.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) good wishes; approval 祝愿; 认可: I cannot give my blessing to such a proposal. 我不能同意这样的提议.  3 thing that one is glad of; thing that brings happiness 令人高兴的事物; 带来幸福的事物: What a blessing you weren't hurt in the accident! 你在这次事故中没有受伤, 真是幸运!  4 (idm 习语) a blessing in dis`guise thing that seems unfortunate, but is later seen to be fortunate 初看似乎不幸, 然而过後看来却是幸运的事; 祸中福: Not getting into university may be a blessing in disguise; I don't think you'd have been happy there. 没能上大学焉知非福, 我想你在大学里是不会觉得快乐的. count one's blessings=> count1.= blather.pt of blow./blaɪt; blaɪt/ n  1 [U] (a) disease that withers plants 植物枯萎病. (b) [sing] fungus or insect causing this （引起植物枯萎病的）真菌或昆虫.  2 [C] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) destructive or harmful force 破坏或损害之力: cast/put a blight on sb/sth 打击某人[某事物] * Unemployment is a blight on our community. 失业是我们社会的一大祸患.  3 [U] ugly or neglected part (esp of cities) 丑陋的或疏于治理的部分（尤指城市）: the blight of inner-city slums 丑陋脏乱的旧城区的贫民区.

v [Tn]  1 affect (sth) with blight; wither 使（某物）患枯萎病; 使枯萎: The apple trees were blighted by frost. 苹果树因严寒而枯萎.  2 spoil (sth); mar 损坏（某事物）; 损害: a career blighted by ill-health 因体弱多病所影响的事业./ˈblaɪtə(r); `blaɪtɚ/ n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口)  1 person; fellow 人; 家伙: You lucky blighter! 你这幸运的家伙!  2 contemptible or annoying person 可鄙的或讨厌的人: The blighter stole my purse! 坏蛋偷了我的钱包!/ˈblaɪtɪ; `blaɪtɪ/ n (dated Brit army sl 旧, 英军俚) (used by soldiers serving abroad 海外服役士兵用语) Britain; home 英国本土; 老家./ˈblaɪmɪ; `blaɪmɪ/ interj (Brit sl 俚) (expressing surprise or annoyance 表示惊奇或烦恼): Blimey, that's a funny hat! 嘿, 这顶帽子真古怪!/blɪmp; blɪmp/ n (also ,Colonel `Blimp) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) pompous and reactionary person (esp an old army officer) 高傲自大、顽固保守的人（尤指老军官）. /blɪmp; blɪmp/ n small airship without a rigid frame （无刚性构架的）小型飞艇.adj./blaɪnd; blaɪnd/ adj  1 unable to see 瞎的: a blind person 盲人 * be blind from birth, in one eye 生下来就有一只眼瞎了.  2 [attrib 作定语] of or for blind people 盲人的; 为盲人的: a `blind school 盲人学校.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) unable or unwilling to understand or notice sth; oblivious (to sth); unaware (of sth) （对某事物）视而不见, 不以为意, 一无所知: I must have been blind not to realize the danger we were in. 我一定是瞎了眼, 连我们身临险境也看不出来. * He is completely blind to her faults. 他一点儿也觉察不到她的错误.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (a) without reason or judgement 缺乏理性或判断力的: blind hatred/obedience/prejudice 盲目的憎恨[顺从/偏见] * love/faith that is blind 盲目的爱情[信仰]. (b) not ruled by purpose; thoughtless; reckless 没有目的的; 轻率的; 不顾後果的: the blind forces of nature/destiny 不可捉摸的自然[命运]之力 * be in a blind fury/panic/rage 无明火起[无谓惊慌/乱发脾气] * blind haste/speed 瞎忙[疯狂的速度].  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] concealed; hidden 隐蔽的; 暗藏的: a blind driveway/entrance 隐蔽的车道[入口] * a blind bend/corner/turning, ie one that prevents the driver from seeing the road ahead （使司机看不见前面马路的转弯处）隐蔽的弯角[拐角/转弯处].  6 (of an aircraft manoeuvre in cloud, fog, etc) done with the aid of instruments only, without being able to see （指飞机在云、雾等中飞行时）（被障蔽了视线）仅靠仪器导航的: blind flying 仪器导航飞行 * a blind landing 仪器导航降落.  7 (idm 习语) (as) blind as a `bat unable to see clearly or easily; unable to see what is obvious to others 看不清的; 不易看清的; 看不见的（别人却看得见的）: He's as blind as a bat without his glasses. 他不戴眼镜时简直跟瞎子一样. turn a blind `eye (to sth) pretend not to notice 假装看不见: The manager turned a blind eye when his staff were late. 职员迟到时经理装作没看见.

adv  1 without being able to see; with the aid of instruments only 看不见地; 仅凭仪器导向地: drive/fly blind 仪器导向驾驶[仪器导航飞行].  2 (idm 习语) blind `drunk (infml 口) very drunk 酩酊大醉. swear blind => swear.

/blaɪnd; blaɪnd/ v  1 [Tn] make (sb) temporarily or permanently blind 使（某人）（暂时地或永久地）失明: a blinding flash/light 令人目眩的闪光[亮光] * He was blinded (ie dazzled) by the sunlight. 他因阳光照射而看不见东西（眼花）. * The soldier was blinded in the explosion. 这个军人在那次爆炸中双目失明.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) (fig 比喻) deprive sb of reason, judgement or good sense 使人丧失思考力、判断力或良好的感觉: Her love for him blinded her (to his faults). 她非常爱他以至（对他的缺点）丧失了判断力.  3 (idm 习语) blind sb with science confuse sb with a display of technical knowledge 炫示科技知识使某人摸不着头脑.

/blaɪnd; blaɪnd/ n  1 (US shade, window-shade) screen for a window, esp one made of a roll of cloth fixed on a roller and pulled down 窗帘（尤指固定在卷轴上能够拉下来的布质窗帘）: draw/lower/raise the blinds 拉[放下/扯起]窗帘.  2 thing or person used in order to deceive or mislead （用以蒙骗或迷误对方的）事物或人: His job as a diplomat was a blind for his spying. 他担任外交官的职务是为了给他的间谍身分打掩护.  3 (US) = hide n 1.1 alley that is closed at one end; cul-de-sac 仅有一端与外间相通的小巷; 死胡同.  2 (fig 比喻) course of action which may seem promising at first but which in the end has no satisfactory result 起初似乎大有希望, 而结果却不能令人满意的做法; 钻死胡同.(infml 口) arrangement to meet socially made between a man and a woman who have not met each other before 彼此未见过面的男女的约会.1 part of the retina in the eye that is not sensitive to light 盲点（视网膜上不能感光的部分）.  2 area that a motorist cannot see 车辆驾驶者看不见的区域: I didn't see the car that was overtaking me  it was in my blind spot. 我没有看见超越我的那辆汽车--当时正位于我的盲点上.  3 subject about which a person is prejudiced or ignorant 某人不喜欢的或一窍不通的科目: History is one of his blind spots. 历史是他一窍不通的科目.game in which a player who is blindfolded tries to catch and identify the other players 捉迷藏./ˈblaɪndə(r); `blaɪndɚ/ n (Brit sl 俚)  1 time of excessive drinking 狂饮时刻: be/go on a blinder 出席[赴]狂饮宴会.  2 outstanding performance (in a game) （比赛中的）精彩表演: play a blinder (of a shot, game, etc) （射击、比赛等）做精彩表演 * The last goal was a blinder. 最後那次进球得分真是精彩极了./ˈblaɪndəz; `blaɪndɚz/ n [pl] (US) = blinkers./ˈblaɪndfəʊld; blaɪndˌfold/ v [Tn] cover the eyes of (sb) with a bandage, cloth, etc so that he cannot see （用布条等）蒙住（某人）双眼: blindfold a hostage, prisoner, etc 蒙住人质、囚犯等的双眼.

n such a cover for the eyes （作上述用途的）蒙眼物.

adj, adv with the eyes blindfolded 蒙住眼睛（的）: I could do that blindfold, ie easily, regardless of obstacles. 我蒙着眼也能做（不费吹灰之力, 无视任何障碍）.adv.n [U]./blɪŋk; blɪŋk/ v  1 [I, Tn] shut and open the eyes quickly 眨眼: He blinked in the bright sunlight. 他在灿烂的阳光照射下眨着眼睛. * How long can you stare without blinking (your eyes)? 你能瞪着看多长时间不眨眼?  2 [I] (of distant lights) shine unsteadily; flicker （指远处灯光）闪烁: Harbour lights were blinking on the horizon. 海港的灯火在水平线上闪烁着.  3 (idm 习语) blink the fact (that...) refuse to consider; ignore 不考虑; 不顾及: You can't blink the fact that the country's economy is suffering. 不能不考虑国家经济正遇到困难这一事实.  4 (phr v) blink sth away/back try to control or hide (esp tears) by blinking 尽力用眨眼来控制或遮掩（尤指眼泪）: Although in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears. 她虽然很疼痛, 但还是硬把眼泪抑制住了.

n  1 act of blinking 眨眼.  2 sudden quick gleam of light 闪光.  3 (idm 习语) on the blink (infml 口) (of a machine) not working properly; out of order （指机器）不灵, 出故障: The washing machine's on the blink again. 洗衣机又出毛病了./ˈblɪŋkəd; blɪŋkɚd/ adj  1 (of a horse) wearing blinkers （指马）带眼罩的.  2 (fig 比喻) unable to understand or recognize sth; narrow-minded 不能了解或不能认识某事物的; 心胸狭窄的: a blinkered attitude 偏见./ˈblɪŋkəz; blɪŋkɚz/ (US blinders) n [pl] leather pieces fixed on a bridle to prevent a horse from seeing sideways 马眼罩. =>illus at harness 见harness之插图. /ˈblɪŋkɪŋ; `blɪŋkɪŋ/ adj, adv (infml euph 口, 婉) = bloody2: It's a blinking nuisance. 这真是讨厌极了./blɪp; blɪp/ n  1 spot of light on a radar screen （雷达屏幕上的）光点.  2 quick popping sound 短促而尖锐的声音./blɪs; blɪs/ n [U] perfect happiness; great joy 洪福; 极乐: a life of bliss 幸福的一生 * living in married/wedded bliss, ie very happily married 过着十分美满的婚姻生活 * What bliss! I don't have to go to work today. 太高兴了! --我今天不用去上班./-fl; -fəl/ adj extremely happy; joyful 极幸福的; 极快乐的: (ironic 反语) blissful ignorance, ie being unaware of sth unpleasant 幸而不知道（对令人不快的事情一无所知）. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./ˈblɪstə(r); `blɪstɚ/ n  1 bubble-like swelling under the skin, filled with watery liquid (caused by rubbing, burning, etc) （因磨擦、烧伤等而起的）水泡: These tight shoes have given me blisters on my ankles. 这双鞋太紧, 把我的脚腕儿磨起了泡.  2 similar raised swelling on the surface of metal, painted wood, plants, etc （金属、油漆过的木器、植物等的表面的）气泡.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form blisters （使某物）起泡: My feet blister easily. 我的脚容易起泡. * The hot sun blistered the paint. 炎热的阳光晒得油漆起了泡. blistering/ 5blIstErIN; `blIstErIN/ adj  1 (of heat or speed) very great; extreme （指热度或速度）极高的, 极端的: The runners set off at a blistering pace. 赛跑者以极高的速度起跑.  2 (of criticism) severe; sharp （指批评）严厉的, 尖锐的: blistering sarcasm, scorn, etc 尖刻的讥讽、嘲弄等. package in which goods are sold, consisting of a transparent domed cover on a backing of cardboard, etc 罩板包装（以硬纸板为衬, 上有凸起透明罩的货物包装）.adv./blaɪð; blɑɪð/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] happy and carefree; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的: a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心 * a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人.adv in a blithe manner 快活地; 无忧无虑地; 漫不经心地: He was blithely unaware of the trouble he had caused. 他对他所造成的麻烦毫无所知, 无忧无虑./ˈblɪðərɪŋ; `blɪðərɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) absolute; contemptible 绝对的; 可鄙的: You blithering idiot! 你这个地地道道的傻瓜!/blɪts; blɪts/ n  1 [C] sudden intensive military attack, esp from the air 闪击; （尤指）空袭: carry out a blitz on enemy targets 对敌方目标进行闪电式空袭 * [attrib 作定语] blitz bombing 闪击轰炸.  2 the Blitz [sing] intensive German air raids on Britain in 1940  1940年德国对英国的猛烈空袭.  3 [C] ~ (on sth) (fig infml 比喻, 口) any sudden or concentrated effort （突击性的或集中性的）工作: I had a blitz on the kitchen today, and now it's really clean. 我今天在厨房里做了一阵扫除, 现在确实乾净了.

v [Tn] attack or damage (sth) in a blitz （以闪电式空袭）攻击或破坏（某物）: Many towns were badly blitzed during the war. 战争中许多城镇毁于空袭./ˈblɪzəd; `blɪzɚd/ n severe snowstorm 暴风雪./ˈbləʊtɪd; `blotɪd/ adj swollen with fat, gas or liquid （因含脂肪、气体或液体）肿胀的: a bloated face 臃肿的脸 * I've had so much to eat I feel absolutely bloated. 我吃得过多, 肚子胀得不得了. * (fig 比喻) bloated with pride 骄傲自大的./ˈbləʊtə(r); `blotɚ/ n salted smoked herring 腌熏的鲱鱼./blɒb; blɑb/ n drop of (esp thick) liquid; small round mass or spot of colour 液体（尤指浓液）的一滴; 颜料的小圆块或小圆点: a blob of paint, wax, cream 一滴油漆、蜡油、奶油./blɒk; blɑk/ n group of countries or parties unitedby a common interest （国家或政党的）集团: the Eastern/Western bloc 东欧[西方]集团./blɒk; blɑk/ n  1 (a) [C] large solid piece of wood, stone, metal, etc, usu with flat surfaces （木、石、金属等的）大块（通常为有平面的）: a block of concrete, granite, marble, etc 一块混凝土砌块、花岗石、大理石等. (b) [C] piece of wood for chopping or hammering on 木砧: a `chopping-block 砧板 * a butcher's block 肉墩. (c) the block [sing] (formerly) large piece of wood on which a condemned person put his neck to have his head cut off （旧时）垫头砧（受刑人引颈断头用的大木块）: go/be sent to the block 上[被送上]垫头砧.  2 [C] child's wooden or plastic toy brick 积木: a set of (building) blocks 一副（建筑）积木.  3 [C] large building divided into separate flats or offices （有许多相互独立的公寓或办公室的）大建筑物: blocks of `flats 公寓大楼楼群 * an `office block 办公大楼 * a `tower block, ie a skyscraper 高层建筑.  4 [C] (a) group of buildings bounded by streets on four sides （四面临街的）建筑群: go for a walk round the block 绕楼群散步. (b) (esp US) length of one side of such a group （此类建筑群）一侧的长度: He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.  5 [C] large quantity of things regarded as a single unit （看作一个单一整体的）大量事物: a block of theatre seats 戏院的一个座位区 * a block of shares, ie in a business （某企业的）一大宗股份 * [attrib 作定语] a block booking, ie the booking at one time of a large number of seats 团体票预订（一次预订大量座位）.  6 [C] pad of paper for writing or drawing on 活页本; 拍纸簿.  7 [C] piece of wood or metal with designs engraved on it for printing （刻有图案供印刷用的）木板或金属板; 印板.  8 [C usu sing 通常作单数] thing that makes movement or progress difficult or impossible; obstruction; obstacle 妨碍物; 阻碍; 障碍: a block in the pipe, gutter, drain, etc 阻塞管道、排水沟、下水道等的污物 * (fig 比喻) The government's stubborn attitude was a block to further talks. 政府的僵硬态度是进一步会谈的障碍.  9 (idm 习语) a chip off the old block => chip1. have a block (about sth) fail to understand, feel, etc because of emotional tension 因情绪

/blɒk; blɑk/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make movement or flow difficult or impossible on or in sth; obstruct sth 阻碍; 堵塞: a drain blocked (up) by mud, dead leaves, etc 被污泥、枯叶等堵塞的下水道 * Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路. * A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了. * My nose is blocked (up), eg because of a heavy cold. 我鼻子堵了（如因患重感冒）. (b) [Tn] prevent (sb/sth) from moving or progressing; hinder; obstruct 阻挡（某人[某事物]）; 阻碍; 堵塞: block an opponent's move, eg in a game of chess 封死对方（如下棋中） * The accident blocked traffic in the town centre. 事故阻塞了市中心的交通. * Progress in the talks was blocked by the Government's intransigence. 由于政府拒绝让步使会谈中断.  2 [Tn] limit or prevent the use or expenditure of (currency, assets, etc) 限制或阻止（货币、资产等）使用或花费: blocked sterling 冻结英国货币.  3 [Tn] (in cricket) stop (the ball) with the bat held defensively in front of the wicket （板球运动中）（在三柱门前举板）挡住（来球）.  4 (phr v) block sth in/out make a rough sketch or plan of sth 画某物的草图; 定某事物的计划: block in the plan of a house 画房屋的设计草图. block sth off separate (one place from another) using a solid barrier （用障碍物）隔开: Police blocked off the street after the explosion. 在发生爆炸之後, 警方用路障封锁了那条路.lifting device consisting of ropes and pulleys 滑轮组（有缆绳和滑轮的起重装置）.diagram showing the general arrangementof parts of a system 方框图; 框图.separate capital letter 正楷大写字母: fill in a form in block letters 用正楷大写字母填表.voting system in which each voter has influence in proportion to the number of people he represents 集团投票（按投票者所代表的人数决定表决权大小的表决制度）./ˈblɒkbʌste(r); `blɑkˌbʌstɚ/ n (infml 口)  1 very powerful bomb that can destroy many buildings 巨型炸弹.  2 book or film strongly promoted by its producers to increase sales （出版人或制片人为了促进销售额而大力宣传的）书或影片.  3 (US) person who persuades people to sell their property quickly and cheaply out of fear of decreasing values 物业唆卖掮客（劝人贱价抛售物业以防贬值的人）.n [U] activity of block-busters (block-buster) 3) 物业唆卖./blɒˈkeɪd; blɑ`ked/ n  1 surrounding or closing of a place (esp a port) by warships or soldiers to prevent people or goods getting in or out 封锁（以战舰或士兵包围或封闭某地, 尤指港口, 使人或货物不能进出）.  2 (idm 习语) break/run a blockade (esp of a ship) get through a blockade （尤指船只）越过封锁线; 突破封锁. lift/raise a blockade end a blockade 解除封锁.

v [Tn] close (a town, port, etc) with a blockade 封锁（城市、港口等）: a harbour blockaded by enemy ships 海港被敌方舰艇封锁./ˈblɒkɪdʒ; `blɑkɪdʒ/ n (a) thing that blocks; obstruction 障碍物; 阻塞: a blockage in an artery, drain-pipe, etc 动脉、排水管道等的堵塞. (b) state of being blocked 被阻塞的状态./ˈblɒkhed; `blɑkˌhɛd/ n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜./ˈblɒkhaʊs; `blɑkˌhaᴜs/ n  1 concrete structure strengthened to give shelter from gun-fire, and with openings for defenders to shoot from 碉堡.  2 (US) (formerly) wooden fort with openings in the walls for defenders to shoot from （旧时）木堡（防守者可通过其墙孔向外射击）./bləʊk; blok/ n (Brit infml 口) man 人; 家伙.(also esp of a woman blonde 亦作blonde, 尤指女子) / blCnd; blBnd/ n, adj (person) having golden or pale-coloured hair 有金黄色或浅色头发的（人）: Who was that blonde I saw you with last night? 昨晚我看见和你一道的那个金发女郎是谁? Cf 参看 brunette./blʌd; blʌd/ n  1 [U] red liquid flowing through the bodies of humans and animals 血: give blood, eg so that it can be used in a blood transfusion 供血 * He lost a lot of blood in the accident. 他在事故中流了不少血. * Much blood was shed (ie Many people were killed) in the war. 战争中死了许多人.  2 [U] (fml 文) family; descent; race 血统; 家世; 种族: of noble Scottish blood 出身于苏格兰名门的 * They are of the same blood. 他们是同宗.  3 [C] (dated 旧 Brit) rich and fashionable young man; dandy 纨　子弟; 花花公子.  4 (idm 习语) bad blood (between A and B) feelings of mutual hatred or strong dislike 仇恨; 恶感: There's a lot of bad blood between those two families. 这两家人积怨很深. be after/out for sb's `blood (infml 口) intend to hurt or humiliate sb, esp as a punishment or as revenge 企图伤害或凌辱某人（尤指作为惩罚或报复者）: (joc 谑) I was late for work again this morning  my boss is after my blood. 今早我上班又迟到了--老板要找我麻烦了. be/run in one's/the `blood be part of one's nature or character because one has inherited it or become used to it （因遗传或环境影响）具有某种禀性或特徵: Most of my family are musicians; it runs in the blood. 我家里的人大都擅长音乐, 是世传. blood and `thunder (infml 口) (in films, novels, etc) violent and melodramatic action （电影、小说等）暴力和刺激性的情节: [attrib 作定语] a blood-and-thunder story 充满暴力和刺激性内容的小说. blood is thicker than `water (saying 谚) family relationships are the strongest ones 血浓于水（亲属关系最强有力）. sb's `blood is up sb is in a fighting mood 某人准备战斗: After being insulted like that, my blood is really up! 受到这样的侮辱, 我不禁怒火中烧! (like getting/trying to get) blood out of/from a `stone (of money, sympathy, understanding, etc) almost impossible to obtain from sb （指金钱、同情、谅解等）几乎不可能从某人处得到的: Getting a pay rise in this firm is like getting blood from a stone. 在这家商行里想增加工资简直是缘木求鱼. (have sb's) `blood on one's hands (carry) responsibility for the death of a person or people 对他人的死亡

/blʌd; blʌd/ v [Tn]  1 (in hunting) allow (a young hound) to taste the blood of eg a fox for the first time （行猎时）让（初次上阵的猎犬）先尝尝（如狐狸的）血腥味.  2 (fig 比喻) give (sb) his first experience of an activity; initiate 给（某人）初试的机会: This will be her first match for her country; she hasn't yet been blooded. 她将首次代表国家参赛, 这是破题儿第一遭.place where blood is stored for use in hospitals, etc 血库（储存血液以供医院等使用的处所）.(counting of the) number of red and white corpuscles in a sample of blood 血球（计数）.continuous quarrel between groups or families, with each murdering members of the other; vendetta 血仇（团体或家族之间互相残杀的持久争斗）.any of the several distinct classes of human blood 血型: His blood group is AO. 他的血是AO型.type of orange with red streaks in its pulp 血橙（一种果肉带有红色条纹的橙子）.pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries (varying with a person's age or health) 血压: have high/low blood pressure 血压高[低] * (fig 比喻) Politicians always raise his blood pressure, ie make him extremely angry. 政治家的言行常常把他气得怒发冲冠.sports (eg fox-hunting) in which animals or birds are killed 猎杀鸟兽的活动（如猎狐）.examination of a sample of blood, esp for medical diagnosis 验血（尤指用于医疗诊断的）.injection of blood into a blood-vessel of a person or an animal 输血.n indiscriminate killing of many people; massacre 大屠杀; 杀戮: The battle was a blood-bath. 这次战役血流成河.n man who has sworn to treat another man as his brother, usu in a ceremony in which their blood is mixed together 盟兄弟, 把兄弟（通常指歃血为盟的）.adj filling one with horror; terrifying 使人恐惧的; 毛骨悚然的: a blood-curdling cry, scream, story 令人毛骨悚然的叫喊声、尖叫声、故事.n person who gives his blood for transfusions 供血者; 献血者; 捐血者.n [U] normal temperature of human blood (about 37C, 98.4F) 人体血液的正常温度（约为37 C、98.4 F）.n [U]  1 surgical removal of some of a patient's blood 给病人放血的外科手术.  2 (infml 口) (a) bloodshed 流血. (b) (fig 比喻) bitter quarrelling 吵架: This blood-letting is damaging the reputation of the party. 这场争吵有损于党的名声.n [U] strong desire to kill 嗜杀.n [U]  1 money paid to a hired killer （付与受雇杀手的）酬金.  2 money paid to the family of a murdered person as compensation （付与被谋杀者家庭的）抚恤金.n [U] infection of the blood with harmful bacteria, esp through a cut or wound 毒血症.adj having the colour of blood; bright red 血红色的; 鲜红的: Her finger-nails were blood-red. 她指甲鲜红. * ,blood-red `nails 鲜红的指甲.n person related to sb by birth 骨肉; 血亲.adj  1 stained with blood 有血污的: a blood-stained shirt 沾有血迹的衬衫.  2 (fig 比喻) characterized or disgraced by bloodshed 血腥的: a blood-stained reputation, regime, tyrant 血腥的名声、政权、暴君.n any of the tubes (arteries, veins or capillaries) through which blood flows in the body 血管: burst a blood-vessel 血管破裂./ˈblʌdhaʊnd; `blʌdˌhaᴜnd/ n type of large dog with a good sense of smell, used for tracking （一种嗅觉灵敏、作追踪用的）大猎犬.adv./ˈblʌdlɪs; `blʌdlɪs/ adj  1 without blood or killing 不流血的; 无伤亡的: a bloodless coup/revolution/victory 不流血的政变[革命/胜利].  2 pale; anaemic 苍白的; 无血色的: He has bloodless cheeks. 他面颊苍白.  3 (fig 比喻) (a) (of a person) lacking energy or enthusiasm; dull; lifeless （指人）无精打彩的, 无生气的, 无活力的. (b) lacking emotion; unfeeling 缺少情感的; 无感情的.n [U] killing or wounding of people （人的）伤亡: The two sides called a truce to avoid further bloodshed. 双方宣布停战以避免再有伤亡.adj (of eyes) red because of swollen or broken blood-vessels （指眼睛）（因肿胀或布满血丝）通红的, 充血的: His eyes were bloodshot from lack of sleep. 他因缺少睡眠而两眼通红.n [U] thoroughbred horses 纯种马.n [sing] blood flowing through the body 在体内循环的血液: inject drugs into the bloodstream 把药物注射到血液里.n  1 animal that sucks blood, esp a leech 吸血动物; （尤指）水蛭.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who tries to take as much money as possible from others 吸血鬼（榨取他人钱财之徒）.adv. n [U]./ˈblʌdθɜːstɪ; `blʌdˌθɝstɪ/ adj  1 (a) cruel and eager to kill; murderous 嗜杀的; 凶杀的: a bloodthirsty killer, tribe, warrior 杀人不眨眼的凶手、嗜杀的部族、喋血的勇士. (b) taking pleasure or showing interest in killing and violence 对残杀和暴力感兴趣或以之取乐的: bloodthirsty spectators 爱看暴力表演的观众.  2 (of a book, film, etc) describing or showing killing and violence （指书、影片等）描写或表现凶杀和暴力的. /ˈblʌdɪ; `blʌdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with blood; bleeding 血染的; 出血的: His clothes were torn and bloody. 他的衣服撕破了并染有血迹. * give sb a bloody nose, ie hit sb's nose so that it bleeds 把某人打得鼻孔流血.  2 involving much bloodshed 大量流血的; 伤亡惨重的: a bloody battle 一场血战.  3 cruel; bloodthirsty 残忍的; 嗜血成性的: a bloody deed, murder, tyrant 残忍的行为、血腥的谋杀、嗜杀成性的暴君.

v (pt, pp bloodied) [Tn] stain (sb/sth) with blood 使（某人[某事物]）沾上血迹.

/ˈblʌdɪ; `blʌdɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv (<!> Britinfml 讳, 口)  1 (used to emphasize a judgement or comment用以加强判断或评论的语气) utter(ly); absolute(ly); extreme(ly) 完全; 绝对; 极端: bloody nonsense, rubbish, etc 胡闹、无聊...透顶 * This rail strike is a bloody nuisance. 这次铁路罢工真讨厌. * What a bloody waste of time! 多浪费时间哪! * That was a bloody good meal! 这真是一顿非常丰盛的饭菜!  2 (used to stress anger or annoyance 用以加强愤怒或厌恶的语气): What the bloody hell are you doing? 你到底在搞什么鬼? * I don't bloody care. 我根本就不在乎.  3 (idm 习语) bloody well (Brit infml 口) (used to emphasize an angry statement, esp an order 用以强调气愤的话, 尤指命令) certainly; definitely 当然; 的确: `I'm not coming with you. ' `Yes you bloody well are!' ｀我不跟你一块儿去.＇｀不行, 你一定得跟我一块儿去!＇adj (Brit infml 口) deliberately unhelpful or obstructive 故意不予合作的; 存心刁难的: Everybody else accepts the decision. Why must you be so bloody-minded? 别人都同意这个决议, 你为什么偏要故意刁难? n [U]./bluːm; blum/ n  1 [C] flower, esp of plants admired chiefly for their flowers (eg roses, tulips, chrysanthemums) 花（尤指主要供观赏的, 如玫瑰、郁金香、菊花）: These roses have beautiful blooms. 这些玫瑰花开得真美. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. Cf 参看 blossom.  2 [U] (fig 比喻) freshness; perfection 新鲜; 完美: be in/have lost the bloom of youth 正值[失去]青春.  3 [U] covering of fine powder that forms on ripe plums, grapes, etc 粉衣, 粉霜（成熟的李子、葡萄等表面所生的一层霜粉）.  4 (idm 习语) in (full) bloom (of plants, gardens, etc) flowering （指植物、园圃等）开花: The garden looks lovely when the roses are in bloom. 玫瑰花开时园内美丽诱人. * (fig 比喻) Her genius was in full bloom, ie at its best or highest point. 她才华横溢（处于最佳状态或颠峰时期）. take the bloom off sth cause sth to lose its freshness or perfection 使某事物失去新鲜感或失去光彩: Their frequent rows took the bloom off their marriage. 他们经常吵架, 使得美满婚姻恶化.

v  1 [I] (a) produce flowers; flower; blossom 开花: Daffodils and crocuses bloom in the spring. 水仙花和番红花在春天开放. (b) (fig 比喻) flourish; prosper 茂盛; 繁荣: Our friendship is blooming. 我们之间情长谊深.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (a) (of a garden, etc) be full of plants or flowers in bloom （指花园等）长满茂盛的花木: The garden is blooming with spring flowers. 园内春花盛开. (b) (fig 比喻) be in a healthy or flourishing condition (because of sth) （由于某种原因）处于健康或隆盛状态: They were blooming with health and happiness. 他们既健康又快乐./ˈbluːmə(r); `blumɚ/ n (Brit infml 口) serious mistake; blunder （严重的）错误; 大错: He made a tremendous bloomer. 他犯了个大错./ˈbluːməz; `blumɚz/ n [pl] short loose trousers gathered at the knee, formerly worn by women for games, cycling, etc （旧时女子于运动、骑车等时穿的长及膝部的）短灯笼裤: a pair of bloomers 一条短灯笼裤./ˈblʊmɪŋ; `blumɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv (Brit infml euph 口, 婉) = bloody2./ˈbluːpə(r); `blupɚ/ n (infml 口 esp US) embarrassing public blunder or mistake （在大庭广众之中犯的很难堪的）错误; 洋相./ˈblɒsəm; `blɑsəm/ n  1 [C] flower, esp of a fruit tree or flowering shrub 花（尤指果树或灌木的花）. Cf 参看 bloom.  2 [U] mass of flowers on a tree or shrub （树木上的）花丛, 花簇: apple, cherry, etc blossom 苹果花、樱桃花等的花簇.  3 (idm 习语) in (full) blossom (esp of trees and shrubs) bearing blossom （尤指树木）正在开花: The apple trees are in blossom. 苹果树正在开花.

v  1 [I] (of a tree or shrub) produce blossom （指树木）开花: The cherry trees blossomed early this year. 樱桃树今年开花早.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (a) develop in a healthy or promising way; grow or develop (into sth); flourish 健康地成长; 长成或发展成（某事物）; 兴盛:  a blossoming friendship, partnership, etc 发展中的友谊、合作等 * Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life. 莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）. * She has blossomed (out) into a beautiful young woman. 她已亭亭玉立, 成了美丽的少女. (b) become more lively 变得活跃: He used to be painfully shy, but now he's started to blossom (out). 他以前极腼腆, 现在活泼起来了./blɒt; blɑt/ n  1 spot or stain made by ink, etc （墨水等的）污点或污迹: a page covered in (ink) blots 染有墨迹的一页.  2 ~ on sth (fig derog 比喻, 贬) act or quality that spoils sb's good character or reputation 有损某人良好品格或名声的行为或品质: His involvement in the scandal was a blot on his reputation. 他因卷入丑闻, 在名誉上留下污点.  3 (idm 习语) a blot on sb's/the e`scutcheon (joc 谑) act, event, etc that disgraces a family or some other group 使家庭或其他集体丢脸的行为、事件等. a blot on the `landscape object (esp an ugly building) that spoils the beauty of a place 损害美好景色的物体（尤指不雅观的建筑物）: That new factory is a blot on the landscape. 那新建的工厂破坏了此地的景色.

/blɒt; blɑt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Tn] make a blot or blots on (paper); stain (with ink) 在（纸）上留下污点; （用墨水）弄脏: an exercise book blotted with ink 被墨水弄脏的练习本.  2 [Tn] soak up or dry (sth) with blotting-paper （用吸墨纸）吸乾（某物）: blot spilt ink, one's writing paper 把洒出的墨水、字迹未乾的纸吸乾.  3 (idm 习语) blot one's `copy-book (infml 口) spoil one's (previous) good record or reputation 有损（以往的）好形象或名声: She blotted her copy-book by being an hour late for work. 她上班迟到了一小时, 破坏了以往的良好形象.  4 (phr v) blot sth out (a) cover or hide (writing, etc) with a blot （用墨点）覆盖或遮住（字迹等）: Several words in the letter had been blotted out. 信中有几个字已涂掉了. (b) (esp of mist, fog, etc) hide sth completely （尤指雾等）完全遮住（某物）: Thick cloud blotted out the view. 云层把风景遮住了. (c) (fig 比喻) remove or destroy (thoughts, memories, etc) completely 完全消除, 彻底清除（思想、记忆等）./blɒtʃ; blɑtʃ/ n large discoloured mark, usu irregular in shape (on skin, paper, material, etc) （皮肤、纸张、材料等上的）大斑点: His face was covered in ugly red blotches. 他脸上有许多难看的红色大斑点.adjs covered in blotches 有大块大块斑点的: blotchy skin 有大块斑点的皮肤.=> blotchedn pad or large piece of blotting-paper 吸墨纸簿; （大张）吸墨纸.n [U] absorbent paper for drying wet ink 吸墨纸./ˈblɒtəʊ; `blɑto/ adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) very drunk 酩酊大醉: You were completely blotto last night. 昨晚你烂醉如泥./blaʊz; <i>US</i> blaʊs; blaᴜs/ n  1 garment like a shirt, worn by women 女衬衫: She was wearing a skirt and blouse. 她穿着裙子和衬衫.  2 type of jacket worn by soldiers as part of their uniform 军服上衣./bləʊ; blo/ v (pt blew/ blu:; blu/, pp blown/blEUn; blon/ or, in sense 12 用于下述第12义时作

/bləʊ; blo/ n  1 act of blowing 吹: give one's nose a good blow, ie clear it thoroughly 把鼻子好好地擤一擤.  2 (idm 习语) go for/have a `blow go for a short walk in the fresh air 到空气新鲜的地方去散步.

/bləʊ; blo/ n  1 hard stroke (given with the fist, a weapon, etc) （用拳头、武器等的）重击: He received a severe blow on/to the head. 他头部受到重重的一击.  2 ~ (to sb/sth) sudden shock, set-back or disaster (for sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]而言）突然的打击、挫折或灾祸: a blow to one's pride 对自尊心的重大打击 * His wife's death was a great blow (to him). 他妻子去世（对他）是一大打击.  3 (idm 习语) at one `blow; at a (single) `blow with one stroke or effort 一击; 一下子; 一举: He felled his three attackers at a single blow. 他一下子撩倒了三个袭击他的人. a ,blow-by-`blow account,description, etc (of sth) account giving all the details (of an event) as they occur （对某事的）详尽的报道: He gave us a blow-by-blow account of the evening's events. 他给我们详细叙述了晚间的赛事. come to `blows (over sth) start fighting (because of sth) （为某事）打起来: We almost came to blows over what colour our new carpet should be. 我们为了用什么颜色的新地毯险些打了起来. deal sb/sth a blow => deal3. get a `blow/`punch in succeed in hitting sb 打中某人. strike a blow for/against sth => strike2.(infml 口) arrive or enter (a place) suddenly 突然来到或进入（某地）: Look who's just blown in! 瞧瞧谁来了!(a) (of a flame, etc) be extinguished by the wind, etc （指火焰等）被风等熄灭: Somebody opened the door and the candle blew out. 有人打开了门, 蜡烛随之被吹灭了. (b) (of an oil or gas well) send out oil or gas suddenly in an uncontrolled manner （指油井或气井）井喷. blow itself out (of a storm, etc) lose its force; dwindle to nothing （指风暴等）减弱, 停止. blow sth out extinguish (a flame, etc) by blowing 吹灭（火焰等）.pass away without having a serious effect 安然过去; 平息: The storm blew over in the night. 风暴在夜里停止了. * The scandal will soon blow over. 这一丑闻不久就会平息.(infml 口) reprimand sb severely 训斥某人: She got blown up by her boss for being late. 她因迟到而受到老板严厉训斥. (a) destroy sth by an explosion 炸坏某物: The police station was blown up by terrorists. 派出所让恐怖分子炸毁了. (b) inflate sth with air or gas 给某物充气: This tyre's a bit flat; it needs blowing up. 这个轮胎气不太足, 需要打气. (c) make (esp a photograph) bigger; enlarge sth 放大某物（尤指照片）: What a lovely photo! Why don't you have it blown up? 多美的照片哪! 你怎么不把它放大呢? (d) (infml 口) exaggerate or inflate sth 夸大某事物: His abilities as an actor have been greatly blown up by the popular press. 通俗的报刊过分夸张了他的演技. * The whole affair was blown up out of all proportion. 整件事夸大得走样了.(a) explode; be destroyed by an explosion 爆炸; 被炸坏: The bomb blew up. 炸弹爆炸了. * A policeman was killed when his booby-trapped car blew up. 警察被藏在他汽车里的炸弹炸死了. (b) start suddenly and with force 突然开始且来势凶猛: A storm is blowing up. 风暴来临. * (fig 比喻) A political crisis has blown up over the President's latest speech. 总统最近的演说触发了政治危机. (c) (infml 口) lose one's temper 发脾气; 勃然大怒: I'm sorry I blew up at you. 很抱歉, 对你发火了. v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] style (the hair) while drying it with a hand-held drier 用手持吹风机把（头发）吹乾并定型.  n act of drying and styling the hair in this way 用上述方法将头发吹乾并定型的作业: ask the hairdresser for a wash and blow-dry 要求理发师洗头并吹乾定型.n  1 vent for air, smoke, etc in a tunnel （隧道的）通风口.  2 hole in the ice through which seals, etc breathe （海豹等用以呼吸的）冰窟窿.  3 whale's nostril situated at the back of its skull （鲸鱼的）鼻孔.n  1 bursting of a tyre on a motor vehicle （机动车的）轮胎爆裂: have a blow-out on the motorway 在高速公路上发生轮胎爆裂事故.  2 melting of an electric fuse 保险丝烧断.  3 sudden uncontrolled escape of oil or gas from a well 井喷.  4 (sl 俚) large meal 盛餐.n enlargement (of a photograph) （照片）放大: Do a blow-up of this corner of the negative. 把底片的这一角放大./bləʊd; blod/  1 [I, Ipr] (often with it as the subject 常与作主语的it连用) (of the wind or a current of air) be moving （指风或气流）吹, 刮, 流动: It was blowing hard/blowing a gale, ie There was a strong wind. 刮大风[狂风]了. * A cold wind blew across the river. 河面刮过一股冷风.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] send out (a current of air, etc) from the mouth 吹, 呼, 吐（气等）: You're not blowing hard enough! 你吹得劲儿不够. * blow on one's food, ie to cool it 向食物吹气（使之变凉） * blow on one's fingers, ie to warm them 向手指呵气（使之暖和） * The policeman asked me to blow into a plastic bag, ie in order to breathalyse me. 警察要我吹一下塑料袋（以测定我呼吸中的酒精含量）. * He drew on his cigarette and blew out a stream of smoke. 他吸了一口香烟, 吐出来一股烟雾. =>illus 见插图.  3 [I, Ip] be moved by the wind 被风吹动: hair blowing (about) in the wind 被风吹拂（吹散）的头发.  4 [Tn] make or shape (sth) by blowing 吹成, 吹出（某物）: blow smoke rings 吹烟圈 * blow bubbles, eg by blowing onto a film of soapy water 吹泡泡（如用肥皂水吹泡） * blow glass, ie send a current of air into molten glass 吹玻璃（将气流吹入熔融的玻璃中使之成形）.  5 [Tn] use (sth) to make a current of air 使用（某物）以产生气流: blow bellows 拉风箱.  6 (a) [Ipr, Tn] produce sound from (a brass instrument, whistle, etc) by blowing into it 吹（铜管乐器、笛哨等）: blow (on) a horn 吹号 * The referee blew his whistle. 裁判鸣笛. (b) [I] (of an instrument, etc) sound in this way （指乐器等）吹奏出声: the noise of trumpets blowing 吹喇叭产生的噪音.  7 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) melt with too strong an electric current （使某物）因电流过强而熔化: A fuse has blown. 保险丝烧断了. * I've blown a fuse. 我把保险丝烧断了.  8 [Tn] break (sth) with explosives 炸坏（某物）: The safe had been blown by the thieves. 保险箱被窃贼炸开了.  9 [Tn] (sl 俚) reveal (sth) 显露, 泄露（某事物）: The spy's cover was blown. 间谍的伪装被揭穿了.  10 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) (infml 口) spend a lot of money (on sth) （在某事物上）花很多钱: blow 50 on a meal 一顿饭就花/ˈbləʊə(r); `bloɚ/ n  1 device that produces a current of air 吹风机; 鼓风机.  2 (Brit infml 口) telephone 电话: You can always get me on the blower. 你随时打电话都能找到我./ˈbləʊflaɪ; `bloˌflaɪ/ n fly that lays its eggs on meat; bluebottle 丽蝇.n scolding 责骂: get a terrible blowing-up for sth 为某事挨了一顿大骂.n burner for directing a very hot flame onto part of a surface, eg to remove old paint 喷灯.pp of blow1.=> blowlampadj windy 多风的: a blowy day 刮风天./ˈblaʊzɪ; `blaᴜzɪ/ adj (derog 贬) (of a woman or her appearance) untidy and coarse-looking （指女人或其外表）邋遢的, 不雅观的./ˈblʌbə(r); `blʌbɚ/ n [U] fat of whales and other sea animals from which oil is obtained 鲸脂.

/ˈblʌbə(r); `blʌbɚ/ v [I] (usu derog 通常作贬义) weep noisily 号啕大哭: Stop blubbering, you big baby! 大宝贝, 别哭了!/ˈblʌdʒən; `blʌdʒən/ n short thick stick with a heavy end, used as a weapon 大头短棒（用作武器）.

v  1 [Tn] hit (sb) repeatedly with a bludgeon, or with any heavy object （用大头短棒或其他重物）连击（某人）: He had been bludgeoned to death. 他被大头短棒连击致死.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (fig 比喻) force sb (to do sth) 强迫某人（做某事）: They tried to bludgeon me into telling them, but I refused. 他们尽力迫使我告诉他们, 但我拒绝了./bluː; blu/ adj  1 having the colour of a clear sky or the sea on a sunny day 蓝色的; 天蓝色的; 蔚蓝的; 青色的: blue eyes 蓝眼睛 * a blue dress, shirt, etc 蓝衣服、衬衫等 * He was blue in the face, ie His face was a purplish colour because of cold or exertion. 他脸色发青（因寒冷或用力过度而稍泛紫色）. * Her hands were blue with cold. 她的双手都冻青了. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum之插图.  2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) sad; depressed 忧伤; 沮丧: Don't look so blue  smile! 别这样愁眉苦脸的--笑一笑吧!  3 indecent; pornographic 下流的; 色情的: a blue film/movie/joke 黄色的影片[电影/笑话].  4 (idm 习语) black and blue => black1. sb's ,blue-eyed `boy (infml esp Brit usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) favourite of a person or group; darling; pet 亲信; 宠儿; 宝贝儿; 宠物: He's the manager's blue-eyed boy. 他是经理的亲信. once in a blue moon => once. scream, etc blue `murder (infml 口) protest wildly and noisily 强烈抗议; 哗然反对: The union yelled blue murder when one of its members was sacked. 有一会员遭解雇, 工会表示强烈抗议. (do sth) till one is blue in the `face (infml 口) (work, etc) as hard and as long as one possibly can (usu without success) （工作等）努力和持久到了极点（通常并不成功）: He can write me letters till he's blue in the face, I'm not going to reply. 任他没完没了地给我写信, 我就是不回信. 

/bluː; blu/ n  1 (a) [C, U] blue colour 蓝色; 青色: light/dark blue 浅[深]蓝色 * material with a lot of blue in it 蓝色成分多的材料. (b) [U] blue clothes 蓝色服装: dressed in blue 穿着蓝色衣服.  2 [C] (a) (Brit) distinction awarded to a sportsman who represents either Oxford or Cambridge University in a match between the two 蓝色荣誉（授予代表牛津或剑桥大学参加两校比赛的运动员的最高荣誉）: get a/one's blue for cricket, football, etc 参加牛津与剑桥两校板球、足球等比赛而获得蓝色荣誉. (b) person who has won a blue 获得蓝色荣誉的人: an Oxford/a Cambridge (hockey) blue 牛津[剑桥]（曲棍球）蓝色荣誉获得者.  3 the blue [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) sea or sky 大海; 蓝天: The boat sailed off into the blue. 小船已驶出海.  4 [sing or pl v] (a) the blues slow melancholy jazz music originating among Blacks in the southern US 布鲁斯音乐（源自美国南方黑人中情调忧郁的慢速爵士音乐）: [attrib 作定语] a blues singer, melody 布鲁斯歌手、曲调. (b) blues song of this type 布鲁斯歌曲: sing a blues 唱布鲁斯歌曲.  5 the blues [pl] (infml 口) feelings of deep sadness or depression 极其忧伤或沮丧的情绪: have (an attack of) the blues 觉得伤心.  6 (idm 习语) a bolt from the blue => bolt1. the boys in blue =>boy1. out of the `blue unexpected(ly); without warning 意外（的）; 未事先告知: She arrived out of the blue. 她没有事先告知就来了. * His resignation came (right) out of the blue. 他突然辞职, 使人感到意外.

/bluː; blu/ v [Tn] (infml 口) spend (money) recklessly 乱花（钱）: He won 500 and then blued the lot in three days. 他赢了500英镑, 可是才三天就花得精光.baby whose skin is blue at birth because of a heart defect （因心脏有缺陷, 出生时）皮肤发青的婴儿.aristocratic descent or birth 贵族出身; 贵族身分. (Brit) parliamentary or Privy Council report 蓝皮书（英国国会或枢密院的报告书）.cheese showing lines of blue mould （有蓝色霉样条纹的）蓝乾酪.(Brit) flag of government departments 政府部门的旗子.blue flag with a central white square, used to show that a ship is about to sail 开航旗（蓝底、中间有一白色正方形的信号旗）.honour or prize awarded to the winner of a competition 蓝绶带（授予竞赛优胜者的荣誉或奖励）.type of small bird with a blue head, tail and wings and yellow underparts 蓝山雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.type of whale with a dorsal fin, the largest known living animal 蓝鲸.adj: a ,blue-blooded `family 贵族世家.n, adj (commerce 商) (industrial share) considered to be a safe investment 可靠的（工业股票）; 蓝筹（股）.adj [attrib 作定语] of or relating to manual workers 体力劳动者的; 蓝领阶级的: blue-`collar workers, jobs 蓝领工人、工作 * a blue-`collar union 蓝领工人的工会. Cf 参看 white-collar (white1).v [Tn] alter or remove (parts of a book, film, play, etc); edit; censor 修改或删除（书、影片、剧本等的部分内容）; 编辑; 出版审查./ˈbluːbel; `bluˌbɛl/ n (a) (in S England) plant with blue or white bell-shaped flowers; wood hyacinth （英格兰南部的）风铃草（开蓝色或白色钟形花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. (b) (in Scotland and N England) harebell （苏格兰和英格兰北部的）圆叶风铃草./ˈbluːbrɪ; <i>US</i> -berɪ; `bluˌbɛrɪ/ n (a) small N American shrub 南方越橘（北美的小灌木）. (b) its edible dark blue berry 南方越橘（上述灌木的深蓝色果实, 可食）. Cf 参看 bilberry./ˈbluːbɒtl; `bluˌbɑtl/ n large buzzing fly with a blue body 青蝇.n seaman in the navy 水兵.n [U]./ˈbluːprɪnt; `bluˌprɪnt/ n  1 photographic print of building plans, with white lines on a blue background 蓝图.  2 (fig 比喻) detailed plan or scheme （详细的）计划, 方案: a blueprint for success 争取成功的详细方案 * [attrib 作定语] Plans have reached the blueprint stage. 计划即将制订出来./ˈbluːstɒkɪŋ; `bluˌstɑkɪŋ/ n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) woman having, or pretending to have, literary tastes and learning 有（或装成有）文学修养和学识的女性./blʌf; blʌf/ v  1 [I, Tn] try to deceive (sb) by pretending to be stronger, braver, cleverer, etc than one is 虚张声势; 吓唬（某人）: I don't believe he'd really do what he threatens  he's only bluffing (us). 我不相信他真会按他威胁的话去做, 他不过吓唬（我们）罢了.  2 (phr v) bluff sb into doing sth make sb believe or do sth by deceiving him 骗某人相信某事; 骗某人做某事: They were bluffed into believing we were not ready for the attack. 他们上了当, 以为我们还没有作好进攻准备. bluff it `out survive a difficult situation by deceiving others （借蒙骗别人）摆脱困境, 绝处逢生. bluff one's way out (of sth) escape from a difficult situation by deceiving others （借蒙骗别人）逃离困境.

n  1 [U, C] bluffing; threat intended to influence sb without being carried out 虚张声势; 吓唬: The company's threat to sack anyone who went on strike was just (a) bluff. 公司威胁说谁罢工就解雇谁, 那只不过是虚张声势罢了.  2 (idm 习语) call sb's bluff => call2.

/blʌf; blʌf/ n cliff or headland with a broad and very steep face （伸向大海的）悬崖峭壁.

/blʌf; blʌf/ adj  1 (esp of cliffs) with a broad steep or vertical front （尤指悬崖）前部宽阔陡直的.  2 (of a person, his manner, etc) frank and abrupt, but good-natured （指人、态度等）粗豪坦率的（但为善意的）: He is kind and friendly despite his rather bluff manner. 他为人厚道, 待人亲切, 虽然态度有些粗鲁. n [U]./ˈbluːɪʃ; `bluɪʃ/ adj tending towards blue; fairly blue 接近蓝色的; 浅蓝的: eyes of bluish green 绿中透蓝的眼睛./ˈblʌndə(r); `blʌndɚ/ n stupid or careless mistake （愚蠢的或粗心的）错误: I've made an awful blunder. 我做了一件大错特错的事. =>Usage at mistake 用法见mistake.

v  1 [I] make a blunder 犯（愚蠢的或粗心的）错误: The police blundered badly by arresting the wrong man. 警方抓错了人, 犯了荒唐的大错.  2 (phr v) blunder about, around, etc move about clumsily or uncertainly, as if blind 乱闯; 瞎闯: He blundered about the room, feeling for the light switch. 他在房间里磕磕绊绊地摸索电灯的开关. blunder into sth walk into or strike sth through clumsiness or inability to see （因笨拙或看不见）碰着某物: In the darkness, he blundered into the hall table. 黑暗中他撞着了大厅里的桌子. /ˈblʌndəbʌs; `blʌndɚˌbʌs/ n old type of gun with a wide mouth, firing many bullets or small shot at short range 旧式大口径前膛枪./ˈblʌndərə(r); `blʌndərɚ/ n person who makes blunders 犯粗心错误的人./blʌnt; blʌnt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 without a sharp edge or a point 不锋利的; 不尖的; 钝的: a blunt knife, razor-blade, saw, pencil, etc 钝的小刀、不锋利的刀片、不快的锯、秃的铅笔等.  2 (fig 比喻) (of a person, remark, etc) frank and straightforward; not trying to be polite or tactful （指人、言语等）坦诚的, 直率的, 不客气的, 欠圆通的: a blunt refusal 不客气的拒绝 * Let me be quite blunt (with you)  your work is appalling. （对你）直说吧--你的工作太差劲.

v [Tn] make (sth) blunt or less sharp 把（某物）弄钝: a knife blunted by years of use 多年用钝了的刀 * a fine mind blunted by boredom 因厌烦而变得迟钝的头脑.adv in a blunt(2) manner 坦率地: To put it bluntly, you're fired! 直截了当地说吧, 你被解雇了! n [U]./blɜːb; blɝb/ n publisher's short description of the contents of a book, usu printed on the jacket or cover （出版者对书的）内容简介（通常印在护封或封底上）./blɜːt; blɝt/ v (phr v) blurt sth out say sth suddenly and tactlessly 脱口说出: He blurted out the bad news before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他, 他已冲口说出了这个坏消息./blʌʃ; blʌʃ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (at sth) become red in the face (because of sth) （因某事物）脸红: blush with shame, embarrassment, etc 因羞愧、难堪等而脸红 * the blushing bride 羞赧的新娘 * She blushed at (the thought of) her stupid mistake. 她因（想到）自己干的蠢事而脸红.  2 [It] (fig 比喻) be ashamed 羞愧: I blush to admit/confess that... 我羞愧地承认[供认]....

n  1 reddening of the face (from shame, embarrassment, etc) （因羞愧、难堪等）脸上泛出的红晕: She turned away to hide her blushes. 她转过身去, 不让人看见她两颊绯红.  2 (idm 习语) spare sb's blushes => spare2.n [C, U] cosmetic used to give the cheeks a rosy colour 胭脂.adv./ˈblʌstə(r); `blʌstɚ/ v  1 [I] (of the wind) blow fiercely or in strong gusts （指风）猛刮, 阵阵狂吹: The gale blustered all night. 刮了一夜狂风.  2 [I] talk in an aggressive, boastful or threatening way (usu with little effect) 咄咄逼人, 口出狂言, 威吓（通常作用不大）.  3 (phr v) bluster one's way out of sth try to escape from sth by talking aggressively, boastfully, etc （言语尖刻或口出狂言等）冀求摆脱某事物: He always tries to bluster his way out of difficult situations. 他总是自吹自擂以摆脱困境.

n [U]  1 noise of a violent wind （狂风的）呼啸声.  2 (fig 比喻) blustering talk or behaviour; noisy but empty threats 吓唬人的言语或行为; 虚张声势的恫吓: I wasn't frightened by what he said  it was just bluster. 他说的话吓不倒我--不过是雷声大, 雨点小. /ˈblʌstrɪ; `blʌstrɪ/ adj (of the weather) very windy; gusty （指天气）刮大风的, 刮阵风的: a blustery day 刮大风的一天./ˌbiː em ˈeɪ; ˌbi ɛm `e/ abbr 缩写 = British Medical Association 英国医学会: a member of the BMA 英国医学会会员.abbr 缩写 = battalion: 1st Bn Coldstream Guards 科尔德斯特里姆卫队第一营./ˌbiː ˈəʊ; ˌbi `o/ (infml 口 esp Brit) body odour 体臭; 狐臭: have BO 有体臭.= boatswain.= boatswain./ˈbəʊə; `boə/ n  1 (also `boa constrictor) large non-poisonous S American snake that kills its prey by crushing it 蟒, 蟒蛇（产于南美洲）. =>illus at snake 见snake之插图.  2 long thin type of scarf made of fur or feathers and worn by women （女用）长围巾（毛皮或羽毛制的）: a feather boa 羽毛围巾./bɔː(r); bɔr/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作boars)  1 male wild pig 公野猪.  2 uncastrated male domestic pig 未阉的公猪. Cf 参看 hog1, sow1./bɔːd; bɔrd/ n  1 [C] long thin flat piece of cut wood used for building walls, floors, boats, etc （长而薄的）木板（用于建造墙壁、地板、船身等）.  2 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) material made of compressed wood fibres, etc and cut into thin stiff sheets （用压缩木纤维等制成的）硬薄板: `chipboard, `hardboard.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thick stiff paper (sometimes covered with cloth) used for book covers （书籍封面用的）厚硬纸板（有时加有布面）: a book bound in cloth boards 用布面纸板作封面的书.  4 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) flat piece of wood or other stiff material used for a specific purpose 板子; 牌子: a `notice-board * an `ironing-board * a `diving-board * a `breadboard, ie for cutting bread on.  5 [C] flat surface marked with patterns, etc on which certain games are played 棋盘: [attrib 作定语] Chess, draughts and ludo are `board games. 国际象棋、国际跳 棋及儿童掷色子游戏都是在棋盘上比赛的游戏. =>illus at chess 见chess之插图.  6 the boards [pl] (dated or joc 旧或谑) the theatre; acting as a profession 舞台; 演艺业: Are you still treading the boards? 你还在当演员吗?  7 [CGp] group of people controlling a company or some other organization; committee; council （公司或其他机构的）主管人员; 委员会; 理事会; 董事会: the `coal/`gas/elec`tricity/`water board 煤炭[煤气/电力/水务]部 * the board of governors (of a school) （学校的）董事会 * She has a seat on/is on the board (of directors) of a large company. 她是某大公司董事会成员之一. * The board is/are unhappy about falling sales. 董事会对销售额下降很不满. * [attrib 作定语] a `board meeting 董事会议.  8 [U] (cost of) daily meals (in rented accommodation) （寄宿时的）膳食（费）: He pays 40 a week (for) board and lodging. 他每周支付膳宿费40英镑.  9 (idm 习语) (be) above `board (esp of a business transaction) honest and open （尤指商业交易）光明正大的: The deal was completely above board. 这笔交易是完全光明正大的. * [attrib 作定语] an a,bove-board `deal 光明正大的交易. a,cross the `board (a) involving all members, groups or classes (of a co

/bɔːd; bɔrd/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) cover sth with boards (board1 1) 用木板覆盖（某物）: a boarded floor 木板地面 * All the windows were boarded up. 所有窗户都用木板遮住了.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at.../with sb) take meals (and usu live) in sb's house 在某人家中寄膳（通常兼寄宿）: He boarded at my house/with me until he found a flat. 他找到住房之前, 在我家寄膳. (b) [Tn] provide (sb) with meals and accommodation 给（某人）提供膳宿: She usually boards students during the college term. 她经常在学期中给学生提供膳宿.  3 [Tn] get on or into (a ship, a train, an aircraft, a bus, etc) 上（船、火车、飞机、公共汽车等）: Please board the plane immediately. 请立刻上飞机. * Flight BA193 for Paris is now boarding, ie is ready for passengers to board. 乘飞往巴黎的BA193班机的旅客现在可以登机.  4 (phr v) board out have meals away from the place where one lives 在外搭伙. board sb out give sb food and lodging away from his place of work, school, etc 供给某人在外膳宿（不在工作地、学校等）: Many students have to be boarded out in the town. 许多学生得在城里膳宿.n  1 person who boards at sb's house 在某人家中寄膳者.  2 pupil who lives at a boarding-school during the term 在学校寄宿的学生: This school has 300 boarders and 150 day pupils. 这所学校有寄宿生300人, 走读生150人.  3 person who boards a ship, esp when attacking it 登船的人（尤指攻击该船时）.n [U] (structure made of) boards(board11) 木板（建造之物）.card allowing a person to board a ship or plane 登船证; 登机证.n house providing meals and accommodation 供膳宿的宿舍.n school where some or all of the pupils live during the term 寄宿学校: Our son's at boarding-school  we only see him during the holidays. 我们的儿子在寄宿学校, 所以我们只能在假期见到他. Cf 参看 day-school (day).n room in which the meetings of the board of directors of a company are held （公司董事会的）会议室.n (US) promenade, usu made of planks, along a beach （海滨的）人行道（通常为木板铺设的）./bəʊst; bost/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/of sth) talk (about one's own achievements, abilities, etc) with too much pride and satisfaction 自夸; 自吹自擂: He's always boasting about his children's success at school. 他总是夸耀他的孩子们学习成绩好. * That's nothing to boast about. 那没有什么值得自吹的. * He boasted of being/boasted that he was the best player in the team. 他自夸是队里的最佳队员.  2 [Tn] possess (sth to be proud of) 有（引以为荣的事物）: The town boasts a world-famous art gallery. 这个镇子引以为荣的是有个闻名于世的美术馆.

n  1 ~ (that...) (derog 贬) boastful statement 自夸的话: His boast that he could drink ten pints of beer impressed nobody. 他自吹自擂说能喝十品脱啤酒, 但无人理睬他.  2 thing that one is proud of; cause for satisfaction 引以自豪的事物; 令人满意的原因: It was his proud boast that he had never missed a day's work because of illness. 他从未请过一天病假, 这是他引以自豪的事.n person who boasts 自夸者./-fʊl; -ˌfəl/ adj (a) (of a person) often boasting （指人）好自夸的. (b) (of a statement, etc) full of self-praise （指言语等）充满自夸的. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./bəʊt; bot/ n  1 small vessel for travelling in on water, moved by oars, sails or a motor （使用桨、帆或发动机驱动的）小船: a rowing-/sailing-boat 用桨划的船[帆船] * motor/fishing boats 汽艇[渔船] * We crossed the river in a boat/by boat. 我们乘船渡河. * Boats for hire  5 an hour. 游船出租--每小时5英镑. * a ship's boats, ie lifeboats carried on board a ship 轮船上的救生艇.  2 any ship （任何）船: `How are you going to France?' `I'm going by/taking the boat (eg the ferry).' ｀你打算怎样去法国?＇｀我打算乘船去.＇  3 dish shaped like a boat for serving sauce or gravy （盛调料或肉汁的）船形碟子.  4 (idm 习语) be in the same boat =>same1. burn one's boats/bridges => burn2. miss the boat/bus => miss3. push the boat out => push2. rock the boat => rock2.

v [I] (usu 通常作 go boating) travel or go in a boat for pleasure 划船游玩: We go boating on the lake every weekend. 我们每个周末都到湖上划船.refugees leaving a country in boats 船民（乘船离国的难民）.race between rowing-boats, esp (the Boat Race) the annual race between the rowing crews of Oxford and Cambridge Universities 划船比赛（尤指牛津与剑桥大学之间一年一度的比赛）.n long pole with a hook and a spike at one end, used for pulling or pushing boats （一端有钩的）篙.n shed beside a river or lake for keeping boats in 船库（停船的棚屋）.n train that takes people to or from a passenger ship （与客轮联运的）火车./ˈbəʊtə(r); `botɚ/ n hard straw hat with a flat top and straight brim (originally worn for boating) 硬草帽（原为划船时戴的）./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) man who hires out small boats; man who transports people in small boats for payment 出租小船的人; 用船摆渡取酬的人./ˈbəʊsn;`bosn/ n senior seaman on a ship who supervises the crew and is responsible for the ship's equipment 水手长（管理其他水手并负责船上设备者）./bɒb; bɑb/ v (-bb-)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up anddown) move quickly up and down (esp on water) 上下疾动（尤指在水上）: toy boats bobbing (up and down) on the waves 在水波上颠簸的玩具船.  2 (idm 习语) bob a curtsy (to sb) curtsy quickly (to sb) （向某人）行屈膝礼: The ballerina bobbed a curtsy (to the audience) before leaving the stage. 那个芭蕾舞女演员在下台之前（向观众）行屈膝礼.  3 (phr v) bob up come to the surface quickly; (re-)appear suddenly 迅速浮起; 突然（再）出现: She dived below the surface, then bobbed up like a cork again a few seconds later. 她潜入水中, 几秒钟後像软木塞一样又浮了上来. * (fig 比喻) He keeps bobbing up in the most unlikely places. 他总是在极不可能出现的地方突然出现.

n  1 quick movement down and up; jerk 上下的疾动; 急动: a bob of the head 点头.  2 curtsy 屈膝礼.

/bɒb; bɑb/ v (-bb-) [Tn] cut (a woman's hair) short so that it hangs loosely above the shoulders 将（女子的头发）剪短至肩以上: have/wear one's hair bobbed 把头发剪短[留]至肩以上.

n style of bobbed hair （女子）短发型（至肩以上）: She wears her hair in a bob. 她留着短发.

/bɒb; bɑb/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (infml 口) former British coin, the shilling, replaced by the 5p coin 先令（旧时英国硬币, 後由5便士硬币所代替）.

/bɒb; bɑb/ n (idm 习语) bob's your `uncle (infml 口) (used to express the ease with which a task can be completed successfully 用以表示工作轻而易举): To switch the oven on, turn the knob, and bob's your uncle! 把烤箱的电源接通, 转动旋钮, 完事大吉!/ˈbɒbsleɪ; `bɑbsle/ (also bob-sled/ -sled;-9slZd/) n large racing sledge for two or more people, with brakes, a steering-wheel and two sets of runners 大雪橇（竞赛用, 供两人或两人以上乘坐, 上面有制动器、方向盘和两组滑橇）: a two-/four-man bob-sleigh 两人[四人]雪橇.

v [I] ride in a bob-sleigh 乘雪橇./ˈbɒbɪn; `bɑbɪn/ n small roller or spool for holding thread, yarn, wire, etc in a machine （机器上缠绕纱线、金属丝等的）小滚筒, 小卷轴./ˈbɒbl; `bɑbl/ n small woolly ball used as a decoration (esp on a hat) （装饰用的）绒线球（尤指帽子上的）./ˈbɒbɪ; `bɑbɪ/ n (Brit infml 口) policeman 警察./ˈbɒbɪ pɪn; `bɑbɪ pɪn/ (US) small metal hair-grip （金属的）小发夹./ˈbɒbteɪl; `bɑbˌtel/ n  1 (horse or dog with a) tail cut short 剪短的尾巴; （尾巴剪短的）马或狗.  2 (idm 习语) ragtag and bobtail => ragtag./bɒd; bɑd/ n (Brit infml 口) person (esp a man) 人（尤指男子）: He's an odd bod. 他是个怪人./bəʊd; bod/ v  1 [Dn.n no passive 不用于被动语态] (fml or dated 文或旧) be a sign of (sth coming) 预示: This bodes us no good. 这对我们不是吉兆.  2 (idm 习语) bode `well/`ill (for sb/sth) be a good/bad sign (for sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）预示吉[凶]: The bad trading figures do not bode well for the company's future. 这些交易数额欠佳, 预示公司前景不妙./ˈbɒdɪs; `bɑdɪs/ n  1 upper part of a woman's dress, down to the waist 连衣裙的上部（下至腰处）.  2 woman's or child's close-fitting undergarment like a vest （妇女或儿童的）紧身胸衣./ˈbɒdɪlɪ; `bɑdlɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语] of the human body; physical 人体的; 肉体的: bodily needs, eg food, warmth 身体的需要（如食物、温暖） * bodily organs, eg the heart, the liver 身体的器官（如心脏、肝脏） * bodily harm, ie physical injury 身体的伤害.

adv  1 as a whole or mass; completely 全部地; 整体地; 完全地: The audience rose bodily to cheer the speaker. 听众全体起立向演讲者欢呼. * The monument was moved bodily to a new site. 纪念碑整个迁到一个新场址.  2 by taking hold of the body; forcibly 抓住身体; 强行地: The prisoners were thrown bodily into the police van. 囚犯被揪着推进警车./ˈbɒdkɪn; `bɑdkɪn/ n blunt thick needle with a large eye, used for pulling tape, etc through a hem （大眼无尖的）粗针（用以将带子等穿过衣边）./ˈbɒdɪ; `bɑdɪ/ n  1 [C] whole physical structure of a human being or an animal （人或动物的）身体, 身躯: Children's bodies grow steadily. 儿童的身体不断发育成长.  2 [C] dead body; corpse or carcass 死尸; 尸体: The police found a body at the bottom of the lake. 警方在湖底发现了一具尸体. * His body was brought back to England for burial. 他的遗体已运回英国埋葬.  3 [C]main part of a human body, apart from the head and limbs; trunk; torso 躯干: He has a strong body, but rather thin legs. 他躯干粗壮, 但腿却很瘦. * She was badly burned on the face and body. 她面部和身上严重烧伤.  4 [sing] the ~ of sth main part of sth, esp a vehicle or building 主体（尤指车辆或建筑物）: the body of a plane, ship, car, etc 机身、船身、车身等 * the body of a theatre, concert hall, etc, ie the central part where the seats are 戏院、音乐厅等的主体部分（中央有座位的部分） * The main body of the book deals with the author's political career. 书中主要部分写的是作者的政治生涯.  5 [CGp] group of people working or acting as a unit 集体; 团体; 群体: a body of troops, supporters, people, etc 一支部队、一群支持者、一批人等 * a legislative, an elected body 立法团体、当选的团体 * A government body is investigatingthe problem. 政府部门正在调查此问题. * The GoverningBody of the school is/are concerned about discipline. 学校当局很关心纪律问题.  6 [C] ~ of sth large amount of sth; mass or collection of sth （某事物的）大量、片、块、堆等: a body of evidence, information, etc 大量证据、信息等 * large bodies of water, eg lakes or seas 大片水域（如湖泊或海洋） * There is a large body of support for nuclear disarmament. 拥护裁减核军备的人很多.  7 [C] distinct piece of matter; object 物体: heavenly bodies, ie stars, planets, etc 天体 * I've got a foreign body (eg an insect or a speck of dirt) in my eye. 我眼中有异物（如小虫或灰尘）.  8 [U] full strong flavour, esp of wine 丰满; 浓郁; （尤指酒）　郁: a wine with plenty of body 　酒.  9 [C] (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) person 人: a cheerful old body 快乐的老人.  10 (idm 习语) body and `soul with all onbiological mechanism that automatically controls various recurring functions of the human body, eg the need to sleep 生物钟（自动控制人体各种周期性节律的生物机制, 如睡眠的需要）: I only arrived in London yesterday and my body clock is still on New York time. 我昨天刚到伦敦, 而我的生物钟仍然是纽约时间.expressing how one feels by the way one sits, stands, moves, etc rather than by words 身势语, 身体语言（通过坐、站、移动等动作表达意思）.(abbr 缩写 BO) smell of the human body, esp when unwashed, often regarded as unpleasant 人体的气味（尤指未沐浴者, 常指难闻的）; 体臭; 狐臭.woman's undergarment covering the body(3) and legs （女用）全身内衣.n  1 (in boxing) blow to the body(3) （拳击中）（向对手身体的）打击.  2 (fig 比喻) severe disappointment or set-back （极大的）失望, 挫折: The death of its leader was a body-blow to the party. 领袖的逝世对党是巨大的损失.n [U] strengthening the muscles of the body through exercise （通过锻炼）增强体质.n (formerly) person stealing corpses from graves and selling them for dissection （旧时）掘墓盗尸者（将尸体出卖供解剖用）./ˈbɒdɪgɑːd; `bɑdɪˌˇɑrd/ n [C, CGp] man or group of men whose job is to protect an important person （重要人物的）侍卫, 卫队, 保镖: The President's bodyguard is/are armed. 总统的侍卫佩带着武器.n [U] (in cricket) type of bowling in which the ball is aimed at the batsman's body rather than at the wicket （板球）瞄准击球员身体（而不瞄准三柱门）的投球./ˈbɒdɪwɜːk; `bɑdɪˌwɝk/ n [U] main outside structure of a motor vehicle （机动车辆的）车身: paint, repair, damage the bodywork of a car 给汽车车身喷漆、修理汽车车身、损坏汽车车身./bɔː(r); bɔr/ n (formerly) African of Dutch descent; Afrikaner （旧时）荷兰裔非洲人; 布尔人: [attrib 作定语] The Boer War, ie the war between the Boers and the British (1899-1902). 布尔战争（布尔人与英国人之间的战争, 1899-1902）./ˈbɒfɪn; `bɑfɪn/ n (Brit infml 口) scientist, esp one doing research 科学家（尤指从事研究工作的人）./bɒg; bɑˇ/ n  1 [C, U] (area of) wet spongy ground formed of decaying vegetation （地面为腐朽植物的）沼泽（地区）: a peat bog 泥炭沼 * Keep to the path  parts of the moor are bog. 沿着这条小路走--荒野上多处是沼泽地.  2 [C] (Brit sl 俚) lavatory 厕所.

v (-gg-) (phr v) bog (sth) down (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) (a) (cause sth to) sink into mud or wet ground （使某物）陷入泥沼: The tank (got) bogged down in the mud. 坦克陷入泥沼之中. (b) (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become stuck and unable to make progress （使某物）陷入困境不能前进: Our discussions got bogged down in irrelevant detail. 我们的讨论纠缠在无关紧要的细节上.= bogy.

/ˈbəʊgɪ; `boˇɪ/ n  1 (esp Brit) (in golf) standard score that a good player should make for a hole or course （高尔夫球）（高手于一洞或一场应取的）标准杆数. Cf 参看 par1 3.  2 (in golf) score of one over the standard for a hole （高尔夫球）超一击（超过标准杆数一杆击入一洞）./ˈbɒgl; `bɑˇl/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (infml 口) hesitate (at sth) in alarm or amazement （对某事物）（因惊慌或惊奇）犹豫不决: He boggled at the thought of swimming in winter. 他想到要在冬天游泳就有些犹豫.  2 (idm 习语) the mind/imagination `boggles (at sth) (infml 口) one can hardly accept or imagine (an idea, a suggestion, etc) （对某一想法、建议等）难以接受或难以想像: My neighbour wears his dressing-gown to work. The mind boggles! 我的邻居穿着晨衣去上班. 真不可思议! (US infml 口) amaze or shock sb 使某人惊奇或吃惊: It boggles my mind! 这使我大吃一惊! Cf 参看 mind-boggling(mind1)./ˈbɒgɪ; `bɑˇɪ/ adj (of land) soft and wet （指土地）软而湿的: boggy ground, moorland, etc 软而湿的地面、高沼地等./ˈbəʊgɪ; `boˇɪ/ n undercarriage with wheels fitted below the end of a railway vehicle and pivoted for going round curves （铁路车辆的）转向架./ˈbəᴜgəs; `boˇəs/ adj not genuine; false 伪造的; 假的: a bogus passport, doctor, claim 伪造的护照、冒充的医生、冒领./ˈbəʊgɪ; `boˇɪ/ n  1 (a) (also `bogyman/ -mn; -mAn/) imaginary evil spirit (used to frighten children) 鬼怪（用以吓唬儿童的）. (b) thing that causes fear, often without reason; bugbear 使人害怕的事物（常无理由）; 吓人的东西: Inflation is the bogy of many governments. 通货膨胀是许多政府害怕的事情.  2 (children's sl 童俚) small lump of mucus in the nose 鼻涕疙瘩./bəʊˈhiːmɪən; bo`himɪən/ n, adj (person, esp an artist) having or displaying a very informal and unconventional way of life 生活方式不正规和不合习俗的（人, 尤指艺术家）./bɔɪl; bɔɪl/ n (usu painful) infected swelling under the skin, producing pus （常为疼痛的）皮下脓肿.

/bɔɪl; bɔɪl/ v  1 (a) [I] (of a liquid) bubble up and change to vapour by being heated （指液体）沸腾; （水）开: When water boils it turns into steam. 水沸腾而变成蒸汽. * The kettle (ie The water in the kettle) is boiling. 壶（里的水）开了. * Have the potatoes (ie Has the water in which the potatoes are being cooked) boiled yet? 煮马铃薯的水开了吗? =>Usage at water1 用法见 water1. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (away) continue to boil 不断沸腾: There's a saucepan boiling away on the stove. 炉子上锅里的水一直开着.  2 [Tn] cause (a liquid) to boil 使（液体）沸腾: boil some water for the rice 把水煮开做饭.  3 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cook or wash sth in boiling water 用开水煮或洗某物: boiled cabbage, carrots, potatoes, etc 煮熟的洋白菜、胡萝卜、马铃薯等 * Please boil me an egg/boil an egg for me. 请给我煮一个鸡蛋. =>Usage at cook 用法见 cook.  4 [I, Ip] be very angry or agitated 愤怒; 激动: He was boiling (over) with rage. 他怒火中烧.  5 (idm 习语) boil `dry (of a liquid) boil until there is none left （指液体）煮乾: Don't let the pan boil dry. 别把锅里的水煮乾了. keep the pot boiling => pot1. make sb's blood boil => blood1.  6 (phr v) boil (sth) away (cause sth to) boil until nothing remains; evaporate (sth) （使某物）烧乾; 使（某物）蒸发: The water in the kettle had all boiled away. 壶里的水完全烧乾了. boil (sth) down reduce or be reduced by boiling 煮浓; 熬浓. boil sth down (to sth) (infml 口) summarize sth; condense sth 归纳（某事物）; 浓缩某事物: Could you boil that article down to 400 words? 你能把这篇文章缩写成400字吗? boil down to sth (be able to) be summarized as sth （能）归结为某事物: The issue really boils down to a clash between left and right. 这场争论确实可归结为左派与右派之间的冲突. boil over (a) (of liquid in a pan, etc) boil and flow over the side of a pan, etc （指锅等容器中的液体）沸腾而溢出: The milk is boiling over. 牛奶沸腾得溢出来了. (b) (infml 口) be very angry 非常恼火. (c) (of a situation, quarrel, etc) reach a point of crisis; explode （指形势、争论等）达到危急关头; 爆发: The crisis is i

n  1 act of boiling 沸腾.  2 (idm 习语) be on the `boil be boiling 沸腾着. bring sth to the `boil heat sth until it boils 将某物煮至沸腾: Bring the mixture to the boil, then let it simmer for ten minutes. 把混合物煮至沸腾, 然後再用文火煮十分钟. come to the `boil begin to boil 开始沸腾. off the `boil having just stopped boiling 停止沸腾: (fig infml 比喻, 口) He began by playing brilliantly but he's rather gone off the boil (ie he has begun playing less well) in the last few minutes. 一开始他表现得非常出色, 但最後几分钟就不怎么好了.sweet made of boiled sugar 硬糖./ˈbɔɪlə(r); `bɔɪlɚ/ n  1 metal container in which water is heated, eg to produce steam in an engine 锅炉.  2 tank in which hot water is stored, esp for central heating and other household needs 热水器（尤指为集中供暖设备及家庭其他用途供热水的）.  3 large metal tub for boiling laundry （煮衣服用的）大金属桶. Cf 参看 copper1 3.one-piece garment worn for rough work （干粗活穿的）连衫裤. Cf 参看 overall.adj = boilinghot: You must be boiling in that thick sweater. 你穿着那件厚毛衣一定很热吧.(infml 口) very hot 炎热的; 酷热的: a boiling hot day 炎热的一天.n  1 temperature at which a liquid begins to boil 沸点. =>App 5 见附录5.  2 (infml 口) condition or state of great excitement 极度兴奋: The match has reached boiling-point. 比赛已进入高潮./ˈbɔɪstərəs; `bɔɪstərəs/ adj  1 (of people or behaviour) noisy, lively and cheerful （指人或行为）喧闹的; 活跃的; 热闹的: a boisterous party 热闹的聚会 * The children are very boisterous today. 今天孩子们非常活泼.  2 (of the wind or sea) stormy; rough （指风）猛烈 的, 急遽的; （指海）波涛汹涌的. adv. n [U]./bəʊld; bold/ adj (-er, -est)  1 confident and brave; daring; enterprising 自信和勇敢的; 大胆的; 有进取心的: a bold warrior 无畏的战士 * bold plans, tactics, etc 大胆的计划、战术等 * a bold scheme to rebuild the city centre 重建城市中心的大胆规划.  2 (dated 旧) without feelings of shame; immodest 无耻的; 无礼的: She waited for him to invite her to dance, not wishing to seem bold. 她等他邀请她跳舞, 而不愿显得失慎.  3 clearly visible; distinct; striking; vivid 显而易见的; 轮廓清楚的; 突出的; 生动的: the bold outline of a mountain against the sky 天空衬托出山的清楚轮廓 * bold, legible handwriting 醒目而清楚的字体 * She paints with bold strokes of the brush. 她用雄健有力的笔触绘画.  4 printed in thick type 用粗体印刷的: The headwords in this dictionary are in bold type. 本词典的词条用的是粗体字.  5 (idm 习语) be/make so bold (as to do sth) (fml 文) (esp in a social situation) dare (to do sth); presume or venture (to do sth) （尤指于社交场合）冒昧地（做某事）, 擅自（做某事）: One student made so bold as to argue with the professor. 有个学生真冒失, 竟然和教授争论起来. (as) bold as `brass very cheeky; impudent 厚颜无耻的: He walked in, bold as brass, and asked me to lend him 50! 他走进来, 厚颜无耻地要我借给他50英镑! put on, show, etc a bold front try to appear brave and cheerful in order to hide one's true feelings 竭力表现出勇敢和快乐以掩盖自己的真实感情. adv. n [U]./bəʊl; bol/ n trunk of a tree 树干.n (pl ~s)  1/ bE5leErEU; bE`lZro/ (music for a) type of Spanish dance 波列罗舞（一种西班牙舞）（曲）.  2/ 5bClErEU; bo`lZro/ woman's short jacket with no front fastening （前襟敞开的）女短外衣./bəʊl; bol/ n seed-case of the cotton plant or flax （棉或亚麻的）圆荚.n destructive insect whose larvae eat cotton bolls 棉铃象甲（侵害棉禾的小昆虫）./ˈbɒlɑːd; `bɑlɚd/ n  1 short thick post on a quay or ship's deck, to which a ship's mooring ropes are tied （码头或船甲板上的）系缆柱.  2 short post on a kerb or traffic island （路边镶边石或交通安全岛上的）短柱.= ballocks./bəˈləʊnɪ; bə`lonɪ/ n [U] (infml 口) nonsense; rubbish 胡说八道; 胡扯: Don't talk boloney! 不要胡说八道!/ˈbɒlʃəvɪk; <i>US</i> also ˈbəʊl-; `bɑlʃəˌvɪk, bol-/ n  1 member of the majority socialist group supporting the Russian revolution in 1917 布尔什维克（拥护1917年俄国革命的社会主义者多数派的成员）.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) any radical socialist 激进的社会主义者./ˈbɒlʃəvɪzəm; `bɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/ n [U]. /ˈbɒlʃəvɪst; `bɑlʃəvɪst/ n./ˈbɒlʃɪ; `bɑlʃɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) deliberately unco-operative; awkward; stubborn 蓄意不合作的; 不灵活的; 固执的: be in a bolshie mood 有抵触情绪 * be bolshie about sth 对某事固执己见./ˈbəʊlstə(r); `bolstɚ/ n long pillow, usu shaped like a roll, across the head of a bed （床头上的）长垫枕.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) give support to sb/sth; strengthen or reinforce sth 支持某人[某事物]; 加强某事物: bolster sb's morale/courage 提高某人的士气[增加某人的勇气] * It bolstered my belief that......加强了我的信念. * The government borrowed money to bolster up the economy. 政府借贷以促进经济发展./bəʊlt; bolt/ n  1 metal bar that slides into a socket to lock a door, window, etc （门、窗等的）闩.  2 metal pin with a head at one end, and a thread (as on a screw), used with a nut for fastening things together 螺栓.  3 short heavy arrow shot from a crossbow （用弩弓发射的）弩箭.  4 flash of lightning 闪电; 霹雳.  5 quantity of cloth, etc wound in a roll （布疋等的量）一疋, 一卷.  6 (idm 习语) a ,bolt from the `blue unexpected (and usu unwelcome) event; complete surprise 意外的（通常为不受欢迎的）事件; 晴天霹雳: The news of his death was (like) a bolt from the blue. 他逝世的消息犹如晴天霹雳. the nuts and bolts => nut. shoot one's bolt => shoot1.

v  1 (a) [I, Tn] fasten (sth) with a bolt1(1) 将（某物）闩上: The gate bolts on the inside. 这大门是从里面闩上的. * Remember to bolt all the doors and windows. 别忘将所有门窗闩住. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]. ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together) fasten objects (together) with bolts (bolt1 2) 用螺栓将物体固定住: The vice is bolted to the work-bench. 老虎钳是用螺栓拧在工作台上的. * The various parts of the car are bolted together. 这辆汽车的各种配件是用螺栓装在一起的.  2 (phr v) bolt sb in/out prevent sb from leaving/entering a room, house, etc by bolting the doors, etc 将门等闩上不让某人出[入].

/bəʊlt; bolt/ v  1 [I] (a) (esp of a horse) run away suddenly out of control （尤指马）惊（突然失控逃跑）: The horse bolted in terror at the sound of the gun. 枪声把马吓惊了. (b) (of a person) run away quickly （指人）迅速逃跑: When the police arrived the burglars bolted. 警察来到时, 窃贼立即逃跑了.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) swallow (food) quickly 匆匆吞咽（食物）: Don't bolt your food  you'll get indigestion! 别这么狼吞虎咽--你会消化不良的!  3 [I] (of plants) grow quickly upwards and stop flowering when seeds are produced （指植物）迅速成长结子而不再开花: My lettuces have bolted. 我种的莴苣已经结子了.  4 (idm 习语) lock, etc the stable door after the horse has bolted => stable2.

n  1 [sing] act of bolting (bolt2 1b); sudden dash 逃跑; 猛冲.  2 (idm 习语) make a bolt/dash/run for it try to escape/to reach sth quickly 试图迅速逃走[抵达某处]: When the police arrived he made a bolt for it/for the door. 警方来到时, 他慌忙逃走[夺门而逃]了.

/bəʊlt; bolt/ adv (idm 习语) bolt `upright very straight; quite upright 挺直地; 直立地: sit bolt upright 挺直地坐着.n place to which one can escape 可供逃奔的地方./bɒm; bɑm/ n  1 [C] container filled with explosive or incendiary material, made to explode when dropped or thrown, or by a timing device 炸弹: Enemy aircraft dropped bombs on the city. 敌机向这个城市投掷炸弹. * Terrorists placed a 50-pound bomb in the railway station. 恐怖分子在火车站安放了一枚50磅重的炸弹.  2 [C] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) explosive device placed in or attached to a specified object 装在某物体内或附着在某物体上的爆炸装置: a letter-bomb * aparcel/car bomb.  3 the bomb [sing] atomic or hydrogenbomb 原子弹或氢弹: Anti-nuclear organizations want to ban the bomb. 反核武器组织要求禁止使用核武器.  4 a bomb [sing] (infml 口) a lot of money 大量金钱: That dress must have cost (her) a bomb! 那连衣裙一定花了（她）很多钱! * Some company directors make (ie earn) an absolute bomb. 有些公司董事赚很多钱.  5 (idm 习语) go like a `bomb (infml 口) (a) (of a vehicle) go very fast （指车辆）疾驶: My new car goes like a bomb. 我的新汽车跑得特别快. (b) be very successful 非常成功: Her party went like a bomb. 她那个聚会极为成功.

v  1 [Tn] attack (sb/sth) with bombs; drop bombs on 用炸弹攻击（某人[某物]）; 投炸弹于: London was heavily bombed during the last war. 上次大战期间伦敦遭到猛烈轰炸. * Terrorists bombed several police stations. 恐怖分子炸毁了几所警察分局.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (out) (infml 口 esp US) fail 惨败: Her new play bombed after only three nights. 她的新戏只演出三晚就演不下去.  3 (phr v) bomb along, down, up, etc (Brit infml 口) move very fast (usu in a vehicle) in the specified direction （通常指乘车）朝某方向疾驶: bombing down the motorway at ninety miles an hour 以每 小时九十英里的速度在高速公路上疾驶. bomb sb out (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) make sb homeless by destroying his house with bombs 用炸弹摧毁某人的房屋而使其无家可归: Our parents were bombed out twice during the war. 我们的父母在战争期间有两次被炸弹炸得无家可归.n compartment in an aircraft for carrying bombs 飞机上的炸弹舱.n [U] removal and detonation of unexploded bombs 未爆炸弹处理（移走并引爆）: [attrib 作定语] a bomb-disposal squad/team/officer/unit 炸弹拆除组[队/官员/部门].adj giving protection against bombs 防炸弹的: a bomb-proof shelter 防空避难室.n device in an aircraft for aiming bombs （飞机上的）轰炸瞄准器.n area in a town where all the buildings have been destroyed by bombs 炸毁的市区./bɒmˈbɑːd; bɑm`bɑrd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 (a) attack (a place) with bombs or shells (esp from big guns) 轰炸（某地）; 炮轰（某地）: Enemy positions were bombarded before our infantry attacked. 炮轰敌军阵地之後, 我步兵开始进攻. (b) (fig 比喻) attack sb with persistent questions, abuse, etc （以连珠炮式的问题、辱骂等）攻击某人: Reporters bombarded the President with questions about his economic policy. 新闻记者提出许多有关经济政策的问题围攻总统.  2 (physics 物) direct a stream of high-speed particles at (an atom, etc) （以一束高速粒子）撞击（原子等）. /ˌbɒmbəˈdɪə(r); ˌbɑmbɚ`dɪr/ n  1 (Brit) non-commissioned officer in an artillery regiment below a sergeant 炮兵下士.  2 (US) member of the crew of a bomber who aims and releases bombs （轰炸机的）投弹手.n [C, U]./ˈbɒmbæst; `bɑmbæst/ n [U] pompous and meaningless words 浮夸的言语; 高调: His speech was full of bombast. 他的讲演通篇是夸夸其谈./bɒmˈbstɪk; bɑm`bæstɪk/ adj (of a person or his words) pompous and empty （指人或言词）浮夸的, 空洞的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈbɒmə(r); `bɑmɚ/ n  1 aircraft that carries and drops bombs 轰炸机.  2 person (esp a terrorist) who throws or plants bombs 投掷或安放炸弹的人（尤指恐怖分子）./ˈbɒmʃel; `bɑmˌʃɛl/ n (infml 口) shocking and usu unpleasant surprise （令人震惊的, 通常为令人不快的）意外事件: The news of his death was a bombshell. 他逝世的消息使人震惊./ˌbɒn ˈməʊ; ˌbɑn `mo/ n (pl bons mots)/ 9bCn 5mEUz; 9bBn `moz/ (French 法) witty saying or remark 隽语; 珠玑妙语.

/ˌbɒn ˈməʊ; ˌbɑn `mo/ n (pl bons mots) / 9bCn 5mEUz; 9bBn `moz/ (French 法) witty saying or remark 隽语; 珠玑妙语./ˈbɒnbɒn; `bɑnˌbɑn/ n sweet, esp one with a fancy shape 糖果（尤指形状别致的）./ˌbəʊnə ˈfaɪdɪ; `bonə `faɪdɪ/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语], adv genuine(ly); without fraud or deception; legal(ly) 真实（的）; 真诚（的）; 合法（的）: a bona fide agreement/contract/deal 真诚的协议[合约/交易]./-dɪz; -diz/ n [U] (law 律) honest intention; sincerity 诚意; 真诚: establish one's bona fides 证明自己的诚意./bəˈnænzə; bə`nænzə/ n  1 source of sudden great wealth or luck; increase in profits 暴富或幸运之源; 利润的增加: [attrib 作定语] It's been a bonanza (ie very profitable) year for the tourist trade. 对旅游业来说, 这是财源滚滚的一年.  2 (US) rich output from a gold mine, oil well, etc （金矿、油井等的）丰富产量./bɒnd; bɑnd/ n  1 [C] (a) written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant （具有法律效力的）书面协定或允诺; 契约; 合同; 票据: We entered into a solemn bond. 我们缔结了一项正式协定. (b) signed document containing such an agreement 已签署的上述文件.  2 [C] certificate issued by a government or a company acknowledging that money has been lent to it and will be paid back with interest （政府或公司发行的）有息债券: National Savings bonds 国家储蓄债券 * Government bonds 公债.  3 [C] thing that unites people or groups; link or tie 将人或团体联合起来的事物; 联系; 关系: the bonds of friendship/affection 友谊[感情]的纽带 * The trade agreement helped to strengthen the bonds between the two countries. 这项贸易协定有助于加强两国之间的联系.  4 [sing] state of being joined 连接; 接合; 结合: This glue makes a good firm bond. 这种胶水粘得很结实.  5 bonds [pl] ropes or chains binding a prisoner 捆绑囚犯的绳索或锁链: (fig 比喻) the bonds of oppression, tyranny, injustice, etc 压迫、专制、不公正等桎梏.  6 (idm 习语) in/out of bond (commerce 商) (of imported goods) in/out of a bonded warehouse （指进口货物）在关栈中（尚未完税）[由关栈提出（已完税）]: place goods in/take goods out of bond 将（未完税）货物存入关栈[将（已完税）货物由关栈提出]. sb's word is as good as his bond => word.

v  1 [Tn] put (goods) in a bonded warehouse 将（货物）存入关栈: bonded whisky, cigarettes, etc 扣存关栈以待完税的威士忌、香烟等.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A to B join two things securely together; unite two things with a bond 将两个物体牢固结合起来; 用黏结剂将两个物体接合起来: You need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal. 需要强力胶才能把木料粘在金属上./ˈbɒndɪdʒ; `bɑndɪdʒ/ n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) slavery; captivity 奴役; 束缚: keep sb in bondage 使某人被奴役.warehouse where goods are stored until Customs duties are paid （存放货物以待完税的）保税仓库; 关栈./bəʊn; bon/ n  1 [C] any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of an animal's body 骨骼; 骨头: This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼有很多刺. * I've broken a bone in my arm. 我的臂部骨折了. * Her bones were laid to rest, ie Her body was buried. 她的尸骨已下葬.  2 [U] hard substance of which bones are made 骨质: Buttons are sometimes made of bone. 钮扣有时是用骨头做的.  3 [C] thin strip of metal or plastic used to stiffen a brassiere, shirt collar, etc （使乳罩、衬衣领等坚挺的）金属或塑料薄条.  4 (idm 习语) a bag of bones => bag1. the bare bones => bare1. a bone of con`tention subject about which there is disagreement 有争执的问题: The border has always been a bone of contention between these two countries. 这两国之间的边界问题历来是争议的焦点. chill sb to the bone/marrow => chill. close to/near the `bone (infml 口) (a) (of a remark, question, etc) unkindly or tactlessly revealing the truth about sb/sth （指言语、问题等）不客气或不圆滑地揭露关于某人[某事物]的真相: Some of his comments about her appearance were a bit close to the bone. 他对她外貌的一些评论有点太露骨了. (b) (of a joke, story, etc) almost indecent; likely to offend some people （指玩笑、故事等）近乎猥亵的, 有可能冒犯某些人的: Some scenes in the play are rather near the bone. 这个剧里有些情节相当猥亵. cut, pare, etc sth to the `bone reduce sth considerably or drastically 大幅度地减少某事物: Train services have been cut to the bone. 列车车次已大幅度减少. * Our budget has been pared to the bone. 我们的预算已削减到最低限度. dry as a bone => dry1. feel in one's bones => feel1. have a `bone to pick with sb have sth to argue or quarrel about with sb 就某事跟某人辩论或争吵: I've got a bone to pick with you. Where's the money I lent you last week? 我得跟你讲讲理, 上星期我借给你的钱到哪里去了? make no bones about (doing) sth be frank about sth; admit sth readily; do not hesitate to do sth 对某事物坦率; 易于接受某事物; 对做某事物不犹豫: He made no bones about his extreme left-wing views. 他毫不隐讳自己极左的观点. * She made no bones about telling 

v  1 [Tn] take bones out of (sth) 剔去（某物）的骨头: bone a fish, a chicken, a piece of beef, etc 剔去鱼刺、鸡骨、一块牛肉的骨头等.  2 (phr v) bone up on (sth) (infml 口) study hard (usu for a specific purpose) 刻苦学习（通常指为某目的）: I must bone up on my French before we go to Paris. 在我们去巴黎之前, 我必须刻苦学习法语. -boned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the type of bones specified 具有某种骨骼类型的: small-boned * large-boned.thin china made of clay mixed with bone ash （以混有骨灰的陶土制成的）骨灰瓷.(derog 贬) very lazy 极懒惰.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] completely dry 完全乾燥.n [U] crushed animal bones used as fertilizer 骨粉（用作肥料）.n (infml joc 口, 谑) rickety and uncomfortable old bicycle or car （摇晃而使人难受的）旧自行车或汽车./ˈbəʊnhed; `bonˌhɛd/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid person 蠢人./ˈbəʊnə(r); `bonɚ/ n (US infml 口) stupid mistake; blunder （愚蠢的）错误; 大错./ˈbɒnfaɪə(r); `bɑnˌfaɪr/ n large fire made outdoors for burning rubbish or as a celebration （为烧掉垃圾或为庆祝而在户外燃起的）大火堆, 篝火: We made a bonfire of dead leaves in the garden. 我们在花园里点燃火堆把枯叶烧掉.(in Britain) the night of 5 November when the failure of the Gunpowder Plot is celebrated with bonfires and fireworks （英国）篝火之夜（11月5日晚用篝火和烟火来纪念｀火药阴谋＇的失败）./ˈbɒŋgəʊ; `bɑŋˇo/ n (pl ~s or  ~ es) one of a pair of small drums played with the fingers （用手指敲打的一对）小鼓（之一）./ˈbɒnəmɪ; <i>US</i> ˌbɒnəˈmiː; ˌbɑnə`mi/ n [U] (French 法) hearty cheerfulness of manner 和蔼; 亲切./ˈbɒŋkəz; `bɑŋkɚz/ adj [pred 作表语] (Brit sl 俚) completely mad; crazy 疯狂: You're stark raving bonkers! 你完全疯了!/ˈbɒnɪt; `bɑnɪt/ n  1 hat tied with strings under the chin, worn by babies and formerly by women （婴儿和旧时女子戴的）在颏下系带的帽子.  2 (in Scotland) man's round brimless cap （苏格兰）（男用）无檐圆帽.  3 (US hood) hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle （机动车辆的）发动机罩盖. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.  4 (idm 习语) have a bee in one's bonnet => bee1.adv./ˈbɒnɪ; `bɑnɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (approv esp Scot 褒, 尤用于苏格兰) attractive or beautiful; healthy-looking 有吸引力的; 美丽的; 健美的: a bonny lass/baby 美丽的少女[婴儿]. /ˈbəʊnəs; `bonəs/ n (pl ~es)  1 payment added to what is usual or expected, eg an extra dividend paid to shareholders in a company or to holders of an insurance policy 额外津贴; 奖金; 红利: a productivity bonus, ie money added to wages when workers produce more goods, etc 生产奖金 * Company employees received a 25 Christmas bonus. 公司雇员得到25英镑的圣诞节赠金.  2 anything pleasant in addition to what is expected 意外的好处: The warm weather in winter has been a real bonus. 冬天有这样暖和的天气真是喜出望外./ˈbəʊnɪ; `bonɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of or like bone 骨的; 似骨的.  2 full of bones 多骨的: This fish is very bony. 这种鱼刺多.  3 thin and having prominent bones 瘦的; 皮包骨的: bony fingers 纤瘦的手指 * a tall bony man 高而瘦的男人. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin./buː; bu/ interj, n  1 sound made to show disapproval or contempt 呸（表示不赞成或唾弃）: The Prime Minister's speech was greeted with boos and jeers. 首相的演讲遭喝倒彩.  2 exclamation used to surprise or startle sb 　, 哟（使人感到突然或吃惊的喊声）.  3 (idm 习语) not say boo to a goose => say.

v  1 [I, Tn] show disapproval or contempt for(sb/sth) by shouting `boo' 用｀呸＇的声音表示不赞成或唾弃（某人[某事物]）: You can hear the crowd booing. 你可以听到人群中的一片呸呸声.  2 (phr v) boo sb off (sth) force sb to leave by booing 用｀呸＇声来迫使某人离开: The actors were booed off the stage. 演员被倒彩声轰下了台./buːb; bub/ (also booboo/ 5bu:bu:; `bubu/) n (infml 口) stupid mistake （愚蠢的）错误.

v [I] make a boob 犯（愚蠢的）错误: Oh dear, I've boobed again. 哎呀, 我又犯了愚蠢的错误.

/buːb; bub/ n (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (usu pl 通常作复数) woman's breast （女子的）乳房./ˈbuːbɪ; `bubɪ/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) foolish person 笨人: He's a great booby! 他是个大笨蛋!prize given as a joke to the person who is last in a race or competition 末名奖（为开玩笑送给竞赛中最後一名的奖品）.1 hidden trap designed to surprise sb, eg sth balanced on top of a door so that it will fall on the first person opening it （为吓某人而设的）陷阱（如在门顶上放置某物, 有人开门时即落其身上）.  2 hidden bomb designed to explode when an apparently harmless object is touched 饵雷; 诡雷: The police did not go near the abandoned car, fearing it was a booby trap. 警方没接近那辆弃置的汽车, 怕那里有饵雷. * [attrib 作定语] a booby-trap bomb 饵雷炸弹. v (-pp-) [Tn] place a booby-trap in or on (sth) 将饵雷放在（某物）里面或上面: The car had been booby-trapped by terrorists. 恐怖分子在那辆汽车里安放了饵雷./ˈbuːdl; `budl/ n [U] (sl 俚 esp US) money, esp money gained by stealing or bribery 钱（尤指偷盗或受贿的钱）./ˈbuːgɪ; <i>US</i> ˈbʊgɪ; `bᴜˇɪ/ (also ,boogie-`woogie/ -5wu:gI; ?@ -5wUgI; -`wJ^I/) n [U] type of blues music, played on the piano, with a strong rhythmical beat 布吉乐（用钢琴演奏的节奏性强的一种布鲁斯音乐）: play boogie 演奏布吉乐 * [attrib 作定语] a boogie beat 布吉乐的拍子./bʊk; bᴜk/ n  1 [C] (a) number of printed or written sheets of paper bound together in a cover 书; 书籍: a leather-bound book 皮面装订的书. (b) written work or composition, eg a novel, a dictionary, an encyclopedia, etc 著作: writing/reading a book about/on Shakespeare 写[读]关于莎士比亚的书.  2 [C] number of blank or lined sheets of paper fastened together in a cover and used for writing in 簿; 本子: Write the essay in your (exercise-)books, not on rough paper. 把文章写在练习簿里, 不要写在草稿纸上.  3 books [pl] written records of the finances of a business; accounts 帐簿: do the books, ie check the accounts 查帐 * The company's books are audited every year. 这家公司的帐目每年都核对.  4 [C] number of similar items fastened together in the shape of a book 装订成书本形的同类物品: a book of stamps/tickets/matches 一沓邮票[票/火柴].  5 [C] any of the main divisions of a large written work （大型著作的）卷, 篇, 部: the books of the Bible 《圣经》中的记、书.  6 [sing] words of an opera or a musical; libretto （歌剧的）歌词, 脚本.  7 [C] record of bets made, eg on a horse race 赌注登记（如赌马等）: keep/make/open a book (on sth), ie take bets (on a match, race, etc) 接受赌注（在比赛、赛马等项目中）.  8 the book [sing] telephone directory 电话号码簿: Are you in the book? 电话簿里有你的电话号码吗?  9 (idm 习语) be in sb's good/bad `books (infml 口) have/not have sb's favour or approval 得到[得不到]某人的好感或赞许: You'll be in the boss's bad books if you don't work harder. 工作不努力, 老板对你就没有好感. bring sb to `book (for sth) require sb to give an explanation (of his behaviour) 要求某人（对其行为）作出解释: bring a criminal to book 盘问犯人. by the `book (infml 口) strictly according to the rules 严格按照规章办事: He's always careful to do things by the book. 他总是小心翼翼地按规章办事. a closed book => close4. cook the books => cook. every/any trick in the book => trick. (be) on the books of sth (be) employed as a player by a football club 受雇于足球俱乐部作运动员: He's on Everton's books. 他受雇于埃弗顿足

/bʊk; bᴜk/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) reserve (a place, accommodation, etc); buy (a ticket, etc) in advance 预订（位子, 膳宿等）; 预购（票等）: Book early if you want to be sure of a seat. 要想十拿九稳有个座位, 那就早订座. * book a hotel room, a seat on a plane 预订旅馆房间、飞机座位 * I'd like to book three seats for tonight's concert. 我想预订今晚音乐会的三个座位. * The hotel/performance is fully booked (up), ie There are no more rooms/tickets available. 这家旅馆的房间[这次演出的票]全预订出去了. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb on sth reserve a place, ticket, etc for sb on (a plane, etc) 为某人预订（飞机等的）座位、票等: We're booked on the next flight. 我们预订了下一班的机票. (c) [Tn] engage or hire (sb) in advance 预约或雇用（某人）: We've booked a conjuror for our Christmas party. 我们为圣诞节的聚会预约了一位魔术师.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) enter the name of (sb) in a book or record, esp when bringing a charge 将（某人）的姓名记在本子上或记录内（尤指控告）: The police booked me for speeding. 警方因我超速行车把我的姓名记了下来. * He was booked by the referee for foul play. 他因为动作犯规而被裁判记下姓名.  3 (phr v) book in register at a hotel, an airport, etc （在旅馆、机场等处）登记. book sb in make a reservation for sb (at a hotel, etc) 为某人预订（旅馆房间等）: We've booked you in at the Plaza for two nights. 我们为你在普拉扎旅馆预订了两夜的房间.club which sells books at a reduced price to members who agree to buy a minimum number 购书会（会员购书不少于一定数量可获折扣）.voucher that can be exchanged for books of a given value 书券: a 10 book token 一张10英镑的书券.n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of supports to keep books upright 书立; 书挡; 书靠.n piece of paper, usu with a printed design, pasted in a book to show who owns it 藏书票（贴在书中作藏书者标志, 通常印有图案）.adj that can be reserved 可预订的: All seats are bookable in advance. 所有的座位都可以预订.ns (person whose job is) putting covers on books 装订（工人）.=> bookbinder [C]n piece of furniture with shelves for books 书橱; 书柜./ˈbʊkɪ; `bᴜkɪ/ n (infml 口) = bookmaker (book1).n [C, U] (esp Brit) (instance of) reserving seats, etc in advance; reservation 预订; 预定: a block booking 集体预订 * We can't accept any more bookings. 我们不能再接受任何预订了. * She's in charge of booking(s). 她主管预订业务. `booking-clerk n (esp Brit) person who sells tickets, eg at a railway station 售票员. `booking-office n (esp Brit) office where tickets are sold 售票处./ˈbʊkɪʃ; `bᴜkɪʃ/ adj  1 fond of reading; studious 爱读书的; 好学的: She was always a bookish child. 她一直是个爱读书的孩子.  2 having knowledge or ideas gained from reading rather than practical experience 书生气的（只有书本知识而无实际经验）. n [U].ns (person whose job is) recording business transactions 簿记（员）.=> bookkeeper [C]/ˈbʊklɪt; `bᴜklɪt/ n thin book, usu in paper covers 小册子.(also infml 口语亦作 bookie) [C], book-making [U] ns (person whose job is) taking bets on horse races, etc 接受赛马等赌注（为业者）.n strip placed betweenthe pages of a book to mark the reader's place 书签./-məʊbiːl; -`mobil/ n (esp US) vehicle used as a travelling library 用作流动图书馆的车.n person whose job is selling books 书商.n shop which sells mainly books 书店.n (US news-stand) stall or stand at which books, newpapers and magazines are sold 书摊.n  1 grub that eats holes in books 书虫; 蠹鱼.  2 (fig 比喻) person who is very fond of reading books 极其喜欢读书的人; 书迷: She's a bit of a bookworm. 她可算是个书迷./buːm; bum/ v  1 [I, Ip] make a deep hollow resonant sound 发出深沉、有回响的声音: waves booming on the seashore 撞击海岸发出隆隆声的海浪 * We could hear the enemy guns booming (away) in the distance. 我们能听到远处敌人的大炮轰隆声. * The headmaster's voice boomed (out) across the playground. 校长瓮声瓮气的声音传遍操场.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) utter (sth) in a booming voice 用深沉的嗓音讲（话）: `Get out of my sight!' he boomed. ｀走开!＇他用低沉的声音说.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) deep hollow sound 深沉的声音: the boom of the guns, the surf 大炮、波涛拍岸的隆隆声.

/buːm; bum/ n sudden increase (in population, trade, etc); period of prosperity （人口、贸易等的）突然增加; 繁荣昌盛时期: The oil market is enjoying a boom. 石油市场欣欣向荣. * [attrib 作定语] a boom year (for trade, exports, etc) （贸易、出口等）繁荣昌盛的一年.

v [I] have a period of rapid economic growth 处于经济迅速发展时期: Business is booming. 商业正在迅速发展.

/buːm; bum/ n  1 (on a sailing-boat) long pole used to keep the bottom of a sail stretched 帆的下桁; 帆杠. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图.  2 (also derrick boom) pole attached to a derrick crane, used for loading and unloading a cargo 吊杆.  3 (a) barrier (usu of heavy chains) placed across a river or harbour entrance as a defence against enemy ships 横江铁索（用以防御敌舰）. (b) barrier (usu a mass of logs) placed across a river to prevent logs from floating away 水栅（通常为圆木, 用以防止木材漂走）.  4 long movable arm for a microphone 话筒的可移动长臂: [attrib 作定语] a boom microphone 有可移动长臂的话筒.town that grows or prospers during a boom （在繁荣时期）兴旺发达起来的城市./ˈbuːməræŋ; `buməˌræŋ/ n  1 curved flat wooden missile (used by Australian Aborigines) which can be thrown so that it returns to the thrower if it fails to hit anything 回力棒, 回飞镖（澳大利亚土著的木制飞镖, 呈扁平曲形, 掷出後, 如未击中物体, 能飞回原处）.  2 (fig 比喻) action or remark that causes unexpected harm to the person responsible for it 自食其果的言行: [attrib 作定语] a boomerang effect 自作自受的後果.

v [I, Ipr] act as a boomerang 自食其果; 自作自受: His attempt to discredit his opponent boomeranged (on him) when he was charged with libel. 他企图败坏对手名声反而自食其果, 被控以诽谤罪./buːn; bun/ n  1 (dated 旧) request or favour (used esp with the vs shown) 请求, 恩惠（尤与下列动词连用）: ask a boon of sb 请求某人赐惠 * grant a boon 施恩.  2 thing that one is thankful for; benefit; advantage 所感激的事; 好处; 利益: Parks are a great boon to people in big cities. 在大城市里, 公园是人们的好去处. * A warm coat is a real boon in cold weather. 寒衣在天冷时是至宝.

/buːn; bun/ adj (idm 习语) a boon companion cheerful friend with whom one enjoys spending time 好友: Bill and Bob are boon companions. 比尔和鲍勃是很合得来的朋友./bʊə(r), bɔː(r); bᴜr/ n (derog 贬) rough, rude or insensitive man 粗鲁、无礼或不灵敏的人: Don't be such a boor! 不要这样粗鲁! /ˈbʊərɪʃ, ˈbɔːrɪʃ; `bᴜrɪʃ/ adj of or like a boor 粗鲁的; 粗野的; 笨拙的: boorish youths, behaviour, remarks 粗鲁的年轻人、举止、言语. adv. n [U]./buːst; bust/ v [Tn] increase the strength or value of (sth); help or encourage (sb/sth) 增强（某事物）的力量; 提高（某事物）的价值; 帮助; 鼓励; 促进（某人[某事物]）: boost an electric current 增强电流 * boost imports, share prices, the dollar, etc 增加进口、提高股票价格、提高美元汇价 * boost production 促进生产 * The unexpected win boosted the team's morale. 意外的胜利鼓舞了全队的士气.

n increase; help; encouragement 增加; 帮助; 鼓励: a boost in sales, exports, etc 销售、出口等的增长 * give the economy, the pound, etc a boost 使经济、英镑等有起色 * give sb's confidence a boost 增强某人的信心.n  1 thing that boosts 令人鼓舞的事物: a morale booster, ie sth that makes one feel more confident 精神鼓舞.  2 device for increasing power or voltage 增强动力或电压的装置.  3 (also `booster rocket) rocket used to give initial speed to a missile or spacecraft 助推火箭（给予导弹或航天器以初速度的）.  4 dose or injection (of a medicine or drug) that increases the effect of an earlier one 辅助药剂, 增效药剂（用以加强前次药剂效力的）./buːt; but/ n  1 outer covering for the foot and ankle, made of eg leather or rubber 靴子: a pair of football boots 一双足球靴 * tough boots for walking 耐穿的轻便靴. =>illus 见插图.  Cf 参看 sandal, shoe 1.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) blow with the foot; kick 踢: He gave the ball a tremendous boot. 他重重地踢了这球一脚.  3 (Brit) (US trunk) compartment for luggage, usu at the back of a motor car 行李箱（通常在汽车後部）: Put the luggage in the boot. 把行李放在汽车行李箱里. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.  4 (idm 习语) be/get too big for one's boots => big. the boot is on the other `foot the situation has been reversed 情况变得与原来相反. die with one's boots on =>die2. give sb/get the `boot (infml 口) dismisssb/be dismissed from a job 解雇某人; 某人被解雇:If you're late once more you're getting the boot. 你再迟到一次, 就要把你解雇了. have one's heart in one's boots => heart. lick sb's boots => lick. put the `boot in (infml 口 esp Brit) kick sb brutally; be ruthless 狠踢某人; 残忍无情. tough as old boots => tough.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] kick (sth/sb) 踢（某物[某人]）: boot a ball (about) 踢球 * boot sb in the face 踢某人的脸.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (computing 计) load (an operating system, a program, etc) into a computer's memory, esp automatically; prepare (a computer) for operation in this way 引导; （尤指自动地）将（操作系统、程序等）写入, 装入, 寄存于计算机、存储器; 以上述方法启动（计算机）.  3 (phr v) boot sb out (of sth) (infml 口) (a) throw sb out by force 把某人赶出去: His father booted him out of the house. 他父亲把他从家里赶了出去. (b) dismiss sb from a job 解雇某人.

/buːt; but/ n (idm 习语) to boot (arch or joc 古或谑) in addition; as well 除此以外; 再者: She's an attractive woman, and wealthy to boot. 她是个很有魅力的女人, 而且很富有./buːˈtiː; bu`ti/ n  1 baby's woollen boot （婴儿的）毛线鞋.  2 woman's short lined boot （女用）短统靴（有衬里）./buːð; <i>US</i> buːθ; buθ/ n  1 small, usu temporary, stall where goods are sold or displayed at a market, a fair or an exhibition 售货摊; 摊位.  2 small enclosure or compartment for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）小房间: a telephone booth, ie for a public telephone 电话亭 * a polling booth, ie for voting at elections 投票间.n string or leather strip for tying boots or shoes 靴带; 鞋带./ˈbuːtleg; `butˌlɛˇ/ v (-gg-) [Tn]  1 smuggle (alcohol) 私运（酒）.  2 make and sell (sth) illegally 非法制造及销售（某物）. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle.

adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of alcohol) smuggled or made and sold illegally （尤指酒）偷运或非法制造并销售的: bootleg liquor 私酒 * a bootleg record, eg one recorded illegally at a concert 非法录制的唱片（如在音乐会上非法录制的）./-legə(r); -ˌlɛˇɚ/ n.n (idm 习语) pull oneself up by one's bootstraps => pull2./ˈbuːtɪ; `butɪ/ n [U] things taken by thieves or captured from an enemy in war; loot; plunder 赃物; 战利品; 掠夺物./buːz; buz/ v (infml 口) [I] drink alcoholic liquor, esp in large quantities 喝酒（尤指大量）: He likes to go out boozing with his mates. 他喜欢和朋友到外面喝酒.

n [U] (infml 口)  1 alcoholic drink 含酒精的饮料.  2 (idm 习语) go/be on the booze (infml 口) have a period of heavy drinking 喝很多酒: Her husband's been on the booze again. 她丈夫又不停地喝起酒来.n (Brit infml 口) time of heavy drinking 痛饮狂欢: The party was a real booze-up. 这次聚会大家都开怀畅饮了.n (infml 口)  1 person who boozes 酗酒者: He's always been a bit of a boozer. 他总是有点醉醺醺的.  2 (Brit) pub 酒馆.adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) drinking or involving much alcoholic liquor; drunken 好喝酒的; 酒量大的; 喝醉的: a boozy old man 好喝酒的老人 * a boozy party 狂欢狂饮酒会./bəˈræsɪk; bə`ræsɪk/ adj = boric./ˈbɒrɪdʒ; <i>US</i> ˈbɔːrɪdʒ; `bɔrɪdʒ/ n [U] plant with blue flowers and hairy leaves which are used in salads and to flavour drinks 琉璃苣（蓝花毛叶植物, 叶可用于色拉和饮料调味）./ˈbɔːræks; `bɔrəks/ n [U] white powder, a compoundof boron, used in making glass, enamels and detergents 硼砂; 月石./bɔːˈdəʊ; bɔr`do/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [U, C] type of red or white wine from the Bordeaux district of SW France 波尔多葡萄酒. Cf 参看 claret./ˈbɔːdə(r); `bɔrdɚ/ n  1 (a) [C] (land near the) line dividing two countries or areas; frontier 边界; 边境; 国界; 国境; 边境地区: The terrorists escaped across/over the border. 恐怖分子越过边境逃走了. * [attrib 作定语] a border town, guard, patrol 边境城市、边防卫兵、边防巡逻 * border incidents, ie small fights between soldiers of two neighbouring countries 边境事件（两邻国士兵之间的小冲突）. (b) the Border [sing] (area near) one particular border, esp that between England and Scotland, or the United States and Mexico 边界（地带）（尤指英格兰与苏格兰之间或美国与墨西哥之间的）. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [C] band or strip, usu ornamental, around or along the edge of sth 边（通常作装饰用的）: the border of a picture/photograph 图画[照片]的装饰边 * a handkerchief, tablecloth, etc with an embroidered border 有绣花花边的手帕、桌布等.  3 [C] strip of ground along the edge of a lawn or path for planting flowers or shrubs （草地或小路边缘的）狭长花坛: a herbaceous border 多年生草本植物花坛 * a border of tulips 郁金香花坛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

v  1 [Tn] be a border to (sth); be on the border of (sth) 与（某物）接界, 接壤; 在（某物）的边上: Our garden is bordered on one side by a stream. 我们的花园有一边以小河为界. * How many countries border Switzerland? 有多少国家与瑞士接壤?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a border(2) on sth 在某物上镶边: a handkerchief bordered with lace 镶了花边的手帕.  3 [Ipr] ~ on sth (a) be next to sth; adjoin sth 接近某物; 毗邻某物: The new housing estate borders on the motorway. 新住宅区紧接高速公路. (b) (fig 比喻) be almost the same as sth; verge on sth 几乎与某事物相同; 在某事物的边缘: The boy's reply to his teacher was bordering on rudeness. 那男学生回答教师的问话时态度近乎粗鲁. * Our task borders on the impossible. 我们的任务几乎是不可能完成的.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Border and frontier refer to the dividing line between two countries or states or the land near that line. *border和frontier均指两国之间的边界线或边界地区. Border is more often used when there is a natural division such as a river 有天然分界线（如河流）时多用border: the border/frontier between Spain and Portugal 西班牙和葡萄牙之间的边界 *  the Italian border/frontier 意大利的边界 *  The Rio Grande marks the border between Mexico and the USA. 里奥格兰德河是墨西哥和美国之间的界河. *  border/frontier villages 边界地区的村庄. Frontier is used of an inhabited region close to wild, unsettled territory, especially in North America in the early days of white settlement. *frontier用于指接近荒野的、无人烟的居民区, 尤指于北美白人定居的初期. Frontier is used figuratively, whereas border is not *frontier可作比喻用词, 而border不作比喻用词: the frontiers of knowledge, science, etc 知识、科学等有待开发的领域. A boundary is a precise line marking the outer limits of an area *boundary是指标明一区域外缘的明确界线: The lane is the boundary of our land. 那条小路就是我们这片地的界线. Boundary is used with administrative areas smaller than a state or country *boundary用于指行政区域, 范围比国家小: the county, parish, etc boundary 郡、牧区等的地界.n person who lives near a border, esp that between England and Scotland 边界地带的居民（尤指英格兰与苏格兰之间的）./-lnd; -ˌlænd/ n  1 [C] district on either side of a border or boundary 边疆.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) intermediate state or condition 中间状态或情况: the borderland between sleeping and waking 睡与醒之间的状态; 半睡半醒.n line that marks a border 边界线; 国境线; 分界线: (fig 比喻) The borderline between informal language and slang is hard to define. 口语和俚语之间的分界线是很难确定的.  adj between two different groups or categories 介乎两种组别或类型之间的: a borderline case 难以确定的两可情况 * a borderline candidate, ie sb who may or may not pass an examination, be suitable for a job, etc 边缘人物（可能及格也可能不及格的考生, 可能胜任也可能不胜任工作等的候选人） * a borderline pass/failure (in an examination) （考试）在及格与不及格两可的情况下及格[不及格]./bɔː(r); bɔr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, well, tunnel, etc) with a revolving tool or by digging 挖, 掘, 钻, 开凿（洞、井、隧道等）: This drill can bore through rock. 这台钻机能钻透岩石. * bore a hole in wood 在木头上钻个洞 * bore a tunnel through a mountain 开凿穿山隧道.  2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move by burrowing 掘进: The mole bored (its way) underground. 鼹鼠在地下挖掘（路）.

n  1 (also `borehole) deep hole made in the ground (esp to find water or oil) 打进地下的深洞（尤指为寻找水或石油的）; 井眼.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (diameter of the) hollow part inside a gun barrel 枪膛, 炮膛（的口径）: a twelve-bore shotgun 十二口径滑膛枪 * small-bore guns 小口径枪.

/bɔː(r); bɔr/ vt  1 [Tn] make (sb) feel tired and uninterested by being dull or tedious 使（某人）感到厌烦（因单调或乏味）: I've heard all his stories before; they bore me/he bores me. 他的事我以前都听说过了, 那些事[他]真使我厌烦. * I'm bored: let's go to the cinema. 我闷了, 咱们去看电影吧. * I hope you're not getting bored (by my conversation). 但愿（我的话）没让你厌烦.  2 (idm 习语) bore sb to `death/`tears bore sb intensely 令某人极度厌烦: Long novels bore me to tears. 我觉得长篇小说特别使人厌烦. a crashing bore => crash2.

n person or thing that bores; nuisance 令人讨厌的人或事物; 麻烦: Don't be such a bore! 别这么讨厌! * We've run out of petrol. What a bore! 我们的汽油用完了. 真麻烦! 

/bɔː(r); bɔr/ n high tidal wave that moves along a narrow estuary from the sea 涌潮.

pt of bear2./-dəm; -dəm/ n [U] state of being bored 厌烦; 厌倦./ˈbɔːrɪk; `bɔrɪk/ adj of or containing boron 硼的; 含硼的.substance derived from borax and used as an antiseptic 硼酸./ˈbɔːrɪŋ; `bɔrɪŋ/ adj uninteresting; dull; tedious 无趣的; 单调的; 乏味的: a boring conversation, job, book, party 枯燥无味的谈话、工作、书、聚会./bɔːn; bɔrn/ v (used only in the passive without by 仅用于被动语态, 不与by连用)  1 be born come into the world by birth 出生; 出世: She was born in 1950. 她生于1950年. * (fig 比喻) The Trades Union movement was born (ie founded) in the early years of the century. 工会运动创始于本世纪初. * He was born (ie destined from birth) to be a great writer. 他生下来就注定是个伟大的作家. =>Usage at bear2 用法见bear2.  2 (idm 习语) (not) be born `yesterday (not) be foolish or likely to be deceived because of lack of experience （并非）无知: You can't fool me; I wasn't born yesterday, you know. 你骗不了我; 你要知道, 我不是三岁的孩子. be/be born/be made that way => way1. ,born and `bred born, brought up and educated (in a specified place or manner) （在某处或以某种方式）出生、成长及受教育: He's London born and bred. 他是在伦敦长大的. * She was born and bred a Catholic. 她一出生就受到天主教的熏陶. born in the purple born in a royal or very aristocratic family 生于王室或显贵的家庭. born of sb/sth owing one's existence to sb/sth; originating from sth 由于某人[某事物]而得以存在; 来源于某事物: He was born of German parents. 他的父母是德国人. * Her socialist beliefs were born of a hatred of injustice. 她的社会主义信念来自她对社会上不公平现象的痛恨. born on the wrong side of the blanket (euph 婉) illegitimate 私生. born with a silver `spoon in one's mouth (saying 谚) having wealthy parents 生于富贵之家. in all one's born `days (infml 口) in one's whole life 一生; 平生: I've never heard such nonsense in all my born days! 我一生中从未听到过这种胡言乱语! there's one born every `minute (saying 谚) there are a lot of gullible people 总会有人上当的. to the manner born => manner.

adj [attrib 作定语] having a specific natural quality or ability 天生的: be a born leader, loser, writer, athlete, etc 天生的领袖、庸才、作家、运动员等.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having been converted, esp to evangelical Christianity 重生的, 皈依的（尤指皈依福音派基督教）: a ,born-again `Christian 重生的基督徒.pp of bear2. =>Usage at bear2 用法见bear2./ˈbɔːrɒn; `bɔrɑn/ n [U] non-metallic chemical element used in metal working and in nuclear reactors 硼. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈbʌrə; <i>US</i> -rəʊ; `bʌro/ n  1 (Brit) (a) town or district with a corporation and certain rights of self-government granted by royal charter （享有特权的）自治城镇, 自治市. (b) any of the administrative areas of Greater London （大伦敦的）行政区（之一）. Cf 参看 parish 2.  2 (US) (a) any of the five administrative areas of New York City （纽约城的五个）行政区（之一）. (b) (in some states) town with a legal corporation （某些州）有法定自治机关的城镇./ˈbɒrəʊ; `bɑro/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth)  1 receive or obtain (sth) temporarily (from sb/sth), with the promise or intention of returning it （向某人[从某处]）借（某物）: borrow (money) from the bank, a friend 向银行、朋友借（钱） * I've forgotten my pen. Could I borrow yours? 我忘了带笔. 可以借用一下你的吗? * borrow a book from the library 向图书馆借书. Cf 参看 lend.  2 (a) take and use (sth) as one's own; copy (sth) 将别人的（某物）当作自己的来使用; 抄袭（某事物）: borrow freely from other writers 肆意抄袭其他作者的作品 * borrow sb's ideas, methods 采用某人的想法、方法 * Handel borrowed music from other composers. 韩德尔的作品借鉴了其他作曲家的乐曲. (b) (of a language) adopt (a word or phrase) from another language （指某语言）借用（另一种语言的词语）: The expression `nouveau riche' is borrowed from French. `nouveau riche'（暴发户）这个词是从法语借来的.  3 (idm 习语) (be living on) borrowed time period of time for which one continues living after an illness or a crisis which might have caused one to die （大难未死）继续活着的一段时间.n person who borrows 借东西的人. Cf 参看 lender (lend).n thing borrowed, esp a word adopted by one language from another 借用的事物; （尤指）借词: The company will soon be able to repay its borrowings from the bank. 这家公司不久就能偿还所借的银行贷款. * English has many borrowings from French. 英语中有许多词是从法语借来的./ˈbɔːstl; `bɔrstəl/ n [C, U] institution for reforming young offenders 青少年管教所: be sent to Borstal 被送到青少年管教所. Cf 参看 approvedschool (approve), reformatory./bɔːʃ; bɔrʃ/ n [U] Russian or Polish soup made with beetroot and cabbage and served hot or cold 罗宋汤./ˈbɔːzɔɪ; `bɔrzɔɪ/ n type of large dog with long hair and a silky coat; Russian wolfhound 俄国狼狗（有丝光长毛的一种大狗）.=> bo'sn/bɒʃ; bɑʃ/ n [U], interj (infml 口) nonsense 废话; 胡说: You're talking bosh! 你胡说八道!/ˈbʊzəm; `bᴜzəm/ n  1 [C] person's chest, esp a woman's breasts （人的）胸部; （尤指女子的）乳房: hold sb to one's bosom 把某人搂在自己的怀里 * She has a large bosom. 她的乳房很大.  2 [C] part of a dress covering the bosom （衣服的）胸部.  3 [sing] the ~ of sth loving care and protection of sth 对某事物的关怀和保护: live in the bosom of one's family 在家庭的关怀中生活 * welcomed into the bosom of the Church 欢迎投入教会的怀抱.very close friend 知心朋友; 知己; 密友.adj (infml 口) (of a woman) having large breasts （指女子）乳房大的./bɒs; bɑs/ n (infml 口) person who controls or gives orders to workers; manager; employer 老板; 经理; 上司; 工头; 领班: ask one's boss for a pay rise 请求老板增加工资 * Who's (the) boss in this house? ie Is the wife or the husband in control? 谁是一家之主（是妻子还是丈夫当家）?

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (about/around) (infml derog 口, 贬) give orders to sb in an overbearing way 向某人发号施令: He's always bossing his wife about. 他总是呼来唤去地指使妻子.

/bɒs; bɑs/ n round projecting knob or stud, esp in the centre of a shield or as a decoration on a church ceiling 圆形凸起物; （尤指）盾的中心或教堂天花板上的突起装饰./ˈbɒsaɪd; `bɑsˌaɪd/ adj (infml 口) (a) blind in one eye 一只眼瞎的; 独眼的. (b) cross-eyed 斜眼的./ˈbɒsʃɒt; `bɑsˌʃɑt/ n bad shot, guess or attempt 不准确的射击或猜测; 拙劣的尝试: make a boss-shot at/of sth 把某事弄得一团糟.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) fond of giving people orders; domineering 爱发号施令的; 爱指使人的; 专横的; 飞扬跋扈的. /bəˈtnɪkl; bə`tænɪkl/ adj of or relating to botany 植物学的; 与植物学有关的. bo,tanical `gardens park where plants and trees are grown for scientific study 植物园.=> botanize/ˈbɒtənɪst; `bɑtnɪst/ n expert in botany 植物学家./ˈbɒtənaɪz; `bɑtnˌaɪz/ v [I] study and collect wild plants 研究、采集野生植物./ˈbɒtənɪ; `bɑtnɪ/ n [U] scientific study of plants and their structure 植物学. Cf 参看 biology, zoology./bɒtʃ; bɑtʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work; repair sth badly （笨手笨脚地）弄坏某事物; 把某物修理得很糟: a botched job, ie a piece of work that is done badly 笨活儿 * The actor botched (ie forgot or stumbled over) his lines. 那演员把台词念糟了. * The mechanic tried to repair my car, but he really botched it up. 那个技工想把我的汽车修好, 可是他一修更糟了.n piece of badly done work 粗制滥造的活儿: make a botch of sth 把某事物办糟了.n person who botches work 笨手笨脚的人./bəʊθ; boθ/ adj  1 (with pl ns; the n may be preceded by a def art, a demons det or a possess det 与复数名词连用, 名词前可有定冠词、指示限定词或所有格限定词) the two; the one as well as the other 二者; 两者都: hold sth in both hands 双手拿着某物 * Both books/Both the books/Both these books are expensive. 这两本书都很贵. * He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明. * There are shops on both sides of the street. 街道两边都有商店. * Both (her) children are at university. （她的）两个孩子都在上大学.  2 (idm 习语) have/want it/things `both ways (try to) combine two ways of thinking or behaving, satisfy two demands, obtain two results, etc which are, or might be thought to be, exclusive of each other 二者得兼: You can't have it both ways, ie You must decide on one thing or the other. 二者不可得兼（须选择其一）. =>Usage at all1 用法见all1.

/bəʊθ; boθ/ adv ~... and... not only... but also... 不但...而且...; 既...又...; 又...又...: be both tired and hungry 又累又饿 * She spoke both French and English. 她既会说法语也会说英语. * Both his brother and sister are married. 他的哥哥和姐姐两人都已婚. * She was a success both as a pianist and as a conductor. 她是出色的钢琴家和指挥家./ˈbɒðə(r); `bɑðɚ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (about/with sth) cause trouble or annoyance to sb; pester sb 打扰或烦扰某人; 给某人添麻烦: I'm sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station? 对不起打扰一下, 请问去车站怎么走? * Does the pain from your operation bother you much? 你手术後疼得很难受吗? * Does my smoking bother you? 我吸烟会不会影响你? * Don't bother your father (about it) now; he's very tired. 现在别（拿这个）去打搅你父亲, 他很累了. * He's always bothering me to lend him money. 他老是闹着要我借给他钱. (b) [Tn] worry (sb) 使（某人）不安: What's bothering you? 你愁什么呢? * Don't let his criticisms bother you. 别因为他批评你而感到烦恼. * The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那问题已经困扰了我几个星期. * It bothers me that he can be so insensitive. 他这样麻木不仁, 我心里很不痛快.  2 (a) [I, Tt] take the time or trouble (to do sth) （为做某事物）费工夫, 添麻烦: `Shall I help you with the washing up?' `Don't bother  I'll do it later.' ｀要不要我帮你洗碗碟?＇｀不用麻烦了--我待一会儿洗.＇ * He didn't even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯. (b) [Ipr] ~ about sb/sth concern oneself about sb/sth 关心某人[某事物]: Don't bother about us  we'll join you later. 别惦记我们--我们不久就和你们在一起了.  3 [Tn] (used in the imperative to express annoyance at sth 用于祈使句, 表示对某事物厌烦): Bother this car! It's always breaking down. 这辆汽车真讨厌! 老抛锚.  4 (idm 习语) bother oneself/one's head about sth be anxious or concerned about sth 为某事物焦虑或操心. can't be bothered (to do sth) not do sth because one considers it to be too much trouble 嫌麻烦而不为; 偷懒: The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了, 但我今天却懒得去做. * He could produce excellent work but usually he can't be bothered. 他其实可以把工作做好, 可他往往嫌费事而不干.  hot and bothered => hot.

n  1 [U] trouble; inconvenience 麻烦; 不便: a spot of bother 不便之处 * Did you have much bother finding the house? 你找到这所房子费劲吗? * `Thanks for your help!' `It was no bother.' ｀谢谢你的帮助!＇ ｀没什么.＇  * I'm sorry to have put you to all this bother, ie to have caused you so much inconvenience. 真抱歉给你添了这么多的麻烦.  2 a bother [sing] annoying thing; nuisance 恼人的事物; 讨厌的事物: What a bother! We've missed the bus. 真恼人! 我们误了公共汽车.

interj (used to express annoyance 用以表示烦恼 ): Oh bother! I've left my money at home. 真讨厌! 我把钱落在家里了./ˌbɒðəˈreɪʃn; ˌbɑðə`reʃən/ interj (infml 口) = bother interj./-səm; -səm/ adj causing bother; annoying 引起麻烦的; 令人厌烦的./ˈbɒtl; `bɑtl/ n  1 [C] (a) glass or plastic container, usu with a narrow neck, used for storing liquids 瓶子: a `wine bottle 酒瓶 * a `milk bottle 奶瓶 * Come to my party on Saturday -- and remember to bring a bottle, ie of alcoholic drink. 你来参加我们星期六的聚会吧--还有, 别忘了带瓶酒来. =>illus 见插图. (b) amount contained in a bottle 一瓶的量: We drank a (whole) bottle of wine between us. 我们俩喝了一（整）瓶酒.  2 the bottle [sing] (euph 婉) alcoholic drink 酒精饮料; 酒: She's a bit too fond of the bottle. 她有点太爱喝酒了.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] baby's feeding bottle or milk from this (used instead of mother's milk) 婴儿奶瓶; 奶瓶装的奶（用以代替母乳）: brought up on the bottle 牛奶喂大的 * give a baby its bottle 给婴儿喂牛奶.  4 [U] (Brit sl 俚) courage; impudence 勇气; 卤莽: He's got (a lot of) bottle! 他真是个（大）冒失鬼!  5 (idm 习语) be on the `bottle (infml 口) be an alcoholic 是个酒徒: He was on the bottle for five years. 他酗酒已五年. hit the bottle => hit1.

v  1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) into bottles 将（某物）装入瓶中: bottled beer 瓶装啤酒. (b) preserve (sth) by storing in glass jars 将（某物）盛入玻璃罐中贮存: Do you bottle your fruit or freeze it? 你是把水果装在罐里保存呢, 还是冷冻起来保存?  2 (phr v) bottle sth up not allow (emotions) to be seen; restrain or suppress (feelings) 掩盖（情绪）; 抑制（感情）: Instead of discussing their problems, they bottle up all their anger and resentment. 他们不是把问题提出来讨论, 而是把怒气和怨愤憋在肚子里.large container in which empty bottles are placed so that the glass can be reused 贮瓶箱（放置回收空瓶的容器, 以备再生产使用）.v [Tn] feed (a baby) with a bottle 用奶瓶喂（婴儿）: Were you bottle-fed or breast-fed as a child? 你是吃牛奶长大的呢, 还是吃母奶长大的?adj dark green 深绿色的.n (a) narrow or restricted stretch of road which causes traffic to slow down or stop 瓶颈路段（道路的狭窄或受限制的部分, 交通易受阻）. (b) anything that slows down production in a manufacturing process, etc （影响生产效率的）障碍.n metal device for opening bottles of beer, etc 开瓶器.n party to which each guest brings a bottle of wine, etc 赴宴者各携一瓶酒等的聚会./ˈbɒtəm; `bɑtəm/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] lowest part or point of sth 物体最低的部分或最低点: the bottom of a hill, mountain, slope, valley, etc 丘、山、坡、谷等的底部 * The telephone is at the bottom of the stairs. 电话在楼梯下面. * There are tea leaves in the bottom of my cup. 我的杯底有茶叶. * The book I want is (right) at the bottom of the pile. 我要的那本书（就）在这堆书底下. * Sign your name at the bottom of the page, please. 请在这一页的下方签上你的名字.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part on which sth rests; underside 物体最低的部位; 底面: The manufacturer's name is on the bottom of the plate. 制造厂商的名称在盘子背面.  3 [C] part of the body on which one sits; buttocks 臀部; 屁股: fall on one's bottom 摔倒时屁股着地 * smack a child's bottom 打孩子的屁股.  4 [sing] farthest part or point (of sth); far end (of sth) 最远的部分; 最远点: There's a pub at the bottom of the road. 路的尽头有一家酒馆. * The tool shed is at the bottom of the garden, ie at the end farthest from the house. 工具房在花园的尽里头.  5 [sing] (person or group in the) lowest position in a class, list, etc （处于等级、名单等）最低位置（的人或团体）: He was always bottom of the class in maths. 他的数学成绩在班上总是垫底. * Our team came/was bottom of the league last season. 我们队在上季度的联赛中排名最後. * She started at the bottom and worked her way up to become manager of the company. 她从最低的位置干起, 通过努力终于当上了公司的经理.  6 [sing] ground under a sea, lake or river （海洋、湖泊或河流的）底: The water is very deep here, I can't touch (the) bottom. 这儿水很深, 我摸不着底. * The `Titanic' went to the bottom, ie sank. ｀提坦＇号客轮沉入海底了.  7 [C] ship's hull; keel 船身; （船的）龙骨.  8 [C usu pl 通常作复数] lower part of a two-piece garment （两件一套的服装的）下件: pyjama bottoms 睡裤 * track suit bottoms 运动裤.  9 [U] lowest gear 最低挡: drive up a steep hill in bottom 用低挡驶上陡峭的山.  10 (idm 习语) at bottom in reality; really; basically 其实; 实际上; 基本上: He seems aggressive but at bottom he is kind and g

adj [attrib 作定语]  1 in the lowest or last position 最低的; 最後的: the bottom line (on a page) （一页的）最末一行 * the bottom rung (of a ladder) （梯子的）最下一级 * the bottom step (of a flight of stairs) （一段阶梯的）最下一级 * Put your books on the bottom shelf. 把你的书放在最下层的架子上. * go up a hill in bottom gear 用低挡上山.  2 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom dollar => bet.

v (phr v) bottom out (commerce 商) (of prices, shares, etc) reach the lowest level （指物价、股票价格等）跌落最低水平: There is no sign that the recession has bottomed out yet. 没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点.store of clothes, linen, cutlery, etc collected by a woman in preparation for marriage 嫁妆.(infml 口) deciding or crucial factor; essential point (in an argument, etc) 决定性因素; （论辩等的）基本论点: If you don't make a profit you go out of business: that's the bottom line. 不盈利, 就停业: 根本问题就在这里.adj  1 very deep 极深的: a bottomless pit, gorge, etc 无底的深坑、峡谷等.  2 (fig 比喻) unlimited; inexhaustible 无限的; 无穷尽的: bottomless reserves of energy 取之不尽的能源./ˈbɒtəmməʊst; `bɑtəmˌmost/ adj [attrib 作定语] lowest 最低的: the bottommost depths of the sea 海洋的最深处./ˈbɒtjʊlɪzəm; `bɑtʃəˌlɪzəm/ n [U] type of severe food poisoning caused by bacteria in badly preserved food 肉毒中毒（由变质的腌制食品引起的一种严重的细菌性食物中毒）./ˈbuːdwɑː(r); bu`dwɑr/ n (esp formerly) woman's bedroom or private sitting-room （尤指旧时）闺房./ˈbuːfɑːn; bu`fɑnt/ adj (of a hair-style) made to appear puffed out by being combed back towards the roots （指发型）鼓起的, 蓬松的: a ,bouffant `hair-do 蓬松的发式./ˌbuːgənˈvɪlɪə; ˌbuˇən`vɪlɪə/ n tropical climbing shrub with large red or purple bracts 叶子花, 九重葛（热带蔓生灌木, 苞片大, 呈红色或紫色）./baʊ; baᴜ/ n any of the main branches of a tree （树的）主枝.pt, pp of buy./ˈbuːjɒn; `bujɑn/ n [U] thin clear soup or broth; stock1 (9) 肉汁清汤; 肉汤./ˈbəʊldə(r); `boldɚ/ n large rock worn and shaped by water or the weather （经风雨或水侵蚀而成的）巨石./ˈbuːləvɑːd; <i>US</i> ˈbʊl-;`bᴜləˌvɑrd/ n  1 wide city street, often with trees on each side 大街（两旁常植有树木的）; 林荫大道.  2 (US) broad main road 干路; 大道./ˈbaʊns; baᴜns/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) spring back when sent against sth hard （使某物）（碰到硬物）弹回: A rubber ball bounces well. 橡皮球弹力好. * The ball bounced over the wall. 那球弹过墙去了. * The goalkeeper bounced the ball twice before kicking it. 守门员先把球拍了两下, 然後一脚踢出. * She bounced the ball against the wall. 她把球掷到墙上让它弹回.  2 [I, Ip, Tn] (cause sb to) move up and down in a lively manner (in the specified direction) （使某人）活跃地上下跳动: The child bounced (up and down) on the bed. 那孩子在床上蹦蹦跳跳. * He bounced his baby on his knee. 他把婴儿放在膝上颠着玩. =>Usage at jump2 用法见 jump2.  3 [I] (infml 口) (of a cheque) be sent back by a bank as worthless (because there is no money in the account) （指支票）遭银行退票（因帐户中无钱）: I hope this cheque doesn't bounce. 我希望这张支票别遭退票. Cf 参看 dishonour v 2.  4 (phr v) bounce along, down, into, etc move in the specified direction with an up and down motion 以上上下下的动作沿某方向移动: He came bouncing into the room. 他蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间. * The car bounced along the bumpy mountain road. 汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶. bounce back (infml 口) recover well after a setback 受挫折後恢复原状: Share prices bounced back this morning. 股票价格今晨回升了. * She's had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back. 她一生中经历过许多挫折,然而总是能重新振作起来.

n  1 [C] act of bouncing 弹跳: catch a ball on the bounce/first bounce, ie after it has bounced once 球弹起时[一弹起]就把它抓住.  2 [U] (a) ability to bounce 弹力. (b) (of a person) liveliness; vitality （指人）活力; 生气: She's got a lot of bounce. 她浑身都是劲儿.n  1 (in cricket) bowled ball that bounces high and forcefully （板球）反弹力大的高球: bowl sb a fast bouncer 向某人投掷反弹力大的快速高球.  2 (infml 口) person employed by a club, restaurant, etc to throw out trouble-makers （俱乐部, 饭店等雇用的）驱逐捣乱者的人.adj ~ (with sth) strong and healthy 健壮的; 强健的: a bouncing baby 健壮的婴儿 * He was bouncing with energy. 他身强力壮.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a ball) able to bounce （指球）有弹性的.  2 (of a person) lively （指人）活跃的./baʊnd; baᴜnd/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] form the boundary of (sth); limit 形成（某事物）的界线; 限制: Germany is bounded on the west by France and on the south by Switzerland. 德国西面与法国接壤, 南与瑞士为邻. * The airfield is bounded by woods on all sides. 飞机场的四周都是树林.

/baʊnd; baᴜnd/ v [Ipr, Ip] jump or spring; run with jumping movements (in a specified direction) 跳; 跃; 蹦着跑（向某方向）: He bounded into the room and announced that he was getting married. 他蹦蹦跳跳地跑进房间里, 宣布他要结婚了. * The dog came bounding up to its master. 那狗蹿到主人面前.

n  1 bounding movement; leap; spring 跳; 跳跃: The dog cleared (ie jumped over) the gate in one bound. 那狗一跳就越过了栅门.  2 (idm 习语) by/in leaps and bounds => leap.

/baʊnd; baᴜnd/ v [Ipr, Ip] jump or spring; run with jumping movements (in a specified direction) 跳; 跃; 蹦着跑（向某方向）: He bounded into the room and announced that he was getting married. 他蹦蹦跳跳地跑进房间里, 宣布他要结婚了. * The dog came bounding up to its master. 那狗蹿到主人面前.

/baʊnd; baᴜnd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for...) going or ready to go in the direction of 去; 准备去: Where are you bound (for)? 你要去哪儿? * We are bound for home. 我们打算回家. * This ship is outward bound/homeward bound, ie sailing away from/towards its home port. 这只船是在出航[返航]. > -bound (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) heading for a specified place or in a specified direction 向某处的; 向某方向的: We're London-bound. 我们是前往伦敦的. * Northbound traffic may be delayed because of an accident on the motorway. 因高速公路上发生了事故, 北往的交通可能受阻.

pt, pp of bind.

/baʊnd; baᴜnd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth  1 certain to do sth 一定做某事: The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 明天天气一定会变好. * You've done so much work that you're bound to pass the exam. 你下了这么大工夫, 一定能考及格.  2 obliged by law or duty to do sth 有法律责任或有义务做某事的: I feel bound to tell you that you're drinking too much. 我觉得有必要跟你说, 你酒喝得太多了. * I am bound to say I disagree with you on this point. 我必须声明不同意你这一点.  3 (idm 习语) bound `up in sth very busy with sth; very interested in sth 忙于某事的; 热衷于某事物的: He seems very bound up in his work. 他似乎非常喜欢自己的工作. bound `up with sth closely connected with sth 与某事物关系密切的: The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community. 个人的福利与社会的福利有着密切的关系. honour bound => honour1. `I'll be bound (dated infml 旧, 口) I feel sure 我确信: The children are up to some mischief, I'll be bound! 孩子们在搞恶作剧, 我敢肯定!/ˈbaʊndrɪ; `baᴜndrɪ/ n  1 line that marks a limit; dividing line 界限; 分界线: The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线. * The ball was caught by a fielder standing just inside the boundary. 那球被正站在边界线内的守场员接住了. * (fig 比喻) Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of knowledge. 科学家不断地把知识领域的边缘向外扩展. =>Usage at border 用法见border.  2 (in cricket) hit to or over the boundary, scoring 4 or 6 runs （板球）击至或击过边线（可得4分或6分）: He scored 26 runs, all in boundaries. 他得了26分, 都是打边线球获得的./ˈbaʊndən; `baᴜndən/ adj (idm 习语) one's bounden `duty (fml 文) duty dictated by one's conscience 本分./ˈbaʊndə(r); `baᴜndɚ/ n (dated Brit infml derog 旧, 口, 贬) man whose behaviour is morally unacceptable 不道德的人./ˈbaʊndlɪs; `baᴜndlɪs/ adj without limits 无限的: boundless generosity, enthusiasm 无比的慷慨、热情. adv./baʊndz; baᴜndz/ n [pl]  1 limits 界限: keep within/go beyond the bounds of reason, sanity, decency, propriety, etc 有[没]理性、理智、体统、礼貌等 * It is not beyond the bounds of possibility (that...). （...）不是不可能的. * Are there no bounds to his ambition? 他的野心难道没有止境吗? * Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds. 公共事务的开销必须保持在合理的范围以内.  2 (idm 习语) know no bounds => know. out of `bounds (to sb) (US off limits) (of a place) not to be entered or visited (by sb) （指某地方）禁止（某人）入内; 谢绝（某人）参观: The town's pubs and bars are out of bounds to troops. 军人不得进入城里的酒馆和酒吧./ˈbaʊntɪəs; `baᴜntɪəs/ adj (dated or rhet 旧 或修辞)  1 (of a person) generous （指人）慷慨的.  2 freely given; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: God's bounteous blessings. 上帝的慷慨赐福. adv. n [U]./ˈbaʊntɪfl; `baᴜntəfəl/ adj (dated 旧)  1 giving generously 慷慨给予的.  2 abundant 丰富的; 充裕的: a bountiful supply of food 充足的食物供应. /ˈbaʊntɪfəlɪ; `baᴜntəflɪ/ adv./ˈbaʊntɪ; `baᴜntɪ/ n  1 [U] (dated 旧) generosity in giving; liberality 慷慨; 大方: a monarch famous for his bounty 以好施而闻名的君主.  2 [C] (dated 旧) generous gift 慷慨馈赠的礼物.  3 [C] reward or payment offered (usu by a government) to encourage sb to do sth (eg to increase production of goods) 奖金（通常由政府提供, 以鼓励某人作某事, 如提高产量）./bʊˈkeɪ; bu`ke/ n  1 bunch of flowers for carrying in the hand (often presented as a gift) 花束（常用作礼物）: a bride's bouquet 新娘的花束 * The soloist received a huge bouquet of roses. 独唱者得到了很大的一束玫瑰花.  2 (fig 比喻) expression of praise; com-pliment 称赞; 恭维.  3 characteristic aroma of a wine or liqueur 酒的芳香: This brandy has a fine bouquet. 这种白兰地酒芳香扑鼻./ˌbuːkeɪ ˈgɑːniː; bu`ke ˇɑ`ni/ bunch of herbs used for flavouring soups, stews, etc 香料束（捆成束的香料, 作汤、炖菜等的作料）./ˈbɜːbən; `bɝbən/ n (a) [U] type of whisky distilled in the US chiefly from maize 波旁威士忌（产于美国, 多酿自玉米）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯波旁威士忌酒./ˈbɔːʒwɑː; <i>US</i> ˌbʊərˈʒwɑː; bᴜr`ʒwɑ/ adj  1 of or relating to the property-owning middle class 中产阶级的; 关于中产阶级的.  2 (derog 贬) (a) concerned with material possessions and social status 耽于名利的: They've become very bourgeois since they got married. 他们结婚以後就一味追求物质享受和社会地位了. (b) conventionally respectable; conservative 清高的; 保守的: bourgeois tastes, attitudes, ideas, etc 高雅的趣味、风度、思想等. (c) unimaginative; philistine 缺乏想像力的; 平庸的.  3 (in Marxist thought) of or relating to the bourgeoisie(2); capitalist （马克思学说中）资产阶级的, 关于资产阶级的, 资本家的, 资本主义的.

n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) bourgeois person 中产阶级分子; 耽于名利的人; 清高的人; 平庸的人; 资产阶级分子./ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː, ˌbʊəʒwɑːˈziː; ˌbᴜrʒwɑ`zi/ n [Gp] (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 middle classes, esp those owning property 中产阶级: the rise of the bourgeoisie in the 19th century  19世纪中产阶级的兴起.  2 (in Marxist thought) capitalist ruling class that exploits the working class （马克思学说中）居于统治地位的资产阶级（剥削工人阶级者）. Cf 参看 proletariat./bʊəs; bᴜrs/ n European stock exchange, esp (the Bourse) the one in Paris 欧洲证券交易所; （尤指）巴黎证券交易所./baʊt; baᴜt/ n  1 ~ (of sth/doing sth) (a) short period of a specified activity 一回; 一次; 一阵: a `drinking-bout 一次宴饮 * She has bouts of hard work followed by long periods of inactivity. 她总是努力干上一阵, 然後一待就是很长时间. (b) attack (of an illness) （指疾病）侵袭, 发作: a bout of flu, bronchitis, rheumatism, etc 流感、支气管炎、风湿病等的侵袭 * He suffers from frequent bouts of depression. 他患多发性抑郁症.  2 boxing or wrestling contest 拳击或摔跤比赛./buːˈtiːk; bu`tik/ n small shop selling clothes and other articles of the latest fashion 精品店（经销时装及时髦用品的小商店）./ˈbəʊvaɪn; `bovaɪn/ adj  1 (fml 文) of or relating to cattle 牛的; 关于牛的.  2 (derog 贬) dull and stupid 迟钝的; 笨拙的: a bovine expression, character, mentality 鲁钝的表情、性情、头脑 * bovine stupidity 像牛一样的笨拙./bəʊ; bo/ n  1 piece of wood bent into a curve by a tight string joining its ends, used as a weapon for shooting arrows （射箭用的）弓: hunt with bows and arrows 以弓、箭行猎. =>illus at archer 见archery之插图.  2 wooden rod with strands of horse-hair stretched from end to end, used for playing stringed instruments 琴弓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.  3 knot made with loops; ribbon tied in this way 蝴蝶结; 打成蝴蝶结的丝带: tie shoelaces in a bow 把鞋带打成蝴蝶结 * a dress decorated with bows 饰有蝴蝶结的连衣裙. =>illus 见插图.  4 (idm 习语) have two strings/a second, etc string to one's bow have a second person, skill or resource available to one for a particular purpose, as a replacement for or an alternative to a first 有後备人选、技术或资源; 有两手准备: As both a novelist and a university lecturer, she has two strings to her bow. 她又是小说家又当大学讲师, 有两手准备.

v [I, Tn] use a bow on (a stringed instrument) 用弓拉（弦乐器）. 

/baʊ; baᴜ/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (to/before sb/sth) bend the head or body as a sign of respect or as a greeting 鞠躬; 点头（表示尊敬或打招呼）: The cast bowed as the audience applauded. 演员们向鼓掌的观众鞠躬. * We all bowed to the Queen. 我们都向女王鞠躬致敬. * The priest bowed down before the altar. 牧师在圣坛前行鞠躬礼. (b) [Tn] bend (the head or body) as a sign of respect 俯（首）或欠（身）致敬: The congregation bowed their heads in prayer. 会众在一起低头祷告.  2 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.p] bend (sb/sth) under or as if under a weight 压弯（某人[某物]）; 像被压弯: His back was bowed with age. 他因年老而驼背. * branches bowed down by the snow on them 被积雪压弯的树枝.  3 (idm 习语) ,bow and `scrape (usu derog 通常作贬义) behave in an obsequious or a servile manner 点头哈腰; 奴颜婢膝: The waiter showed us to our table with much bowing and scraping. 服务员一个劲儿地点头哈腰领我们就座.  4 (phr v) bow sb in/out bow to sb as he enters/leaves a room, etc 躬身迎入[送出]某人. bow out (of sth) (a) withdraw from sth 退出, 离开某事物: I'm bowing out of this scheme  I don't approve of it. 我退出这个计划--我不同意它. (b) retire from an important position 从要位上离退: After thirty years in politics, he is finally bowing out. 他从政三十年之後, 终于决定退出政坛. bow to sth submit to sth; accept sth 顺从某事物; 接受某事物: bow to the inevitable 顺从命运; 听天由命 * bow to sb's opinion, wishes, greater experience 尊重某人的意见、意愿、丰富的经验 * We're tired of having to bow to authority. 我们对必须服从权威这一点感到厌倦.

n  1 bending of the head or body (as a greeting, etc) 点头致意; 鞠躬礼: acknowledge sb with a bow 点头招呼某人 * He made a bow and left the room. 他鞠了一个躬就离开了房间.  2 (idm 习语) take a/one's `bow (of an actor or actors) acknowledge applause by bowing (bow2 1a) （指演员）鞠躬谢幕.

/baʊ; baᴜ/ n  1 (often pl 常作复数) front or forward end of a boat or ship 船头; 船首; 艏: The yacht hit a rock and damaged her bows. 游艇碰上了礁石, 撞坏了船头. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图.  2 (in rowing) oarsman nearest the bow （划艇）船头的划桨手. Cf 参看 stroke1 adj: a ,bow-`legged gait 罗圈腿的步态.n [pl] legs that curve outwards at the knees 弓形腿; 罗圈腿. n man's necktie tied in a knot with a double loop, worn esp on formal occasions 蝶形领结. =>illus 见插图.n type of bay window with curved glass 弓形窗; 凸肚窗./ˌbaʊ ˈwaʊ; `baᴜ`waᴜ/ interj (imitating the bark of a dog 模仿狗叫声).

n (used by or to young children 儿语) dog 狗.=> bowdlerization=> bowdlerize/ˌbaʊdləraɪ-ˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -rɪˈz-; ˌbaᴜdlərə`zeʃən/ n [C, U]./ˈbaʊdləraɪz; `baᴜdləˌraɪz/ v [Tn] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) remove words or scenes considered indecent from (a book, play, etc); expurgate; censor 删除（书刊、剧本等中）有伤风化的词语或场面;删去; 删改. /ˈbaʊəl; `baᴜəl/ n (usu pl, except in medical use and when used attributively 除用作医学名词及修饰语外, 通常作复数)  1 part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; intestine 肠: [attrib 作定语] a bowel complaint/disorder 腹泻[肠道疾患] * cancer of the bowel 肠癌 * move one's bowels, ie defecate 大便（通便）.  2 deepest or innermost part (of a place) （某处的）最深的或最靠里面的部分: in the bowels of the earth, ie deep underground 在地下深处.(a) discharge of waste matter from the bowels 排便. (b) waste matter discharged; faeces 粪便; 大便./ˈbaʊə(r); `baᴜɚ/ n  1 (a) shady place under trees or climbing-plants in a wood or garden; arbour （树林或花园中的）荫凉处; 凉棚. (b) summer-house 凉亭.  2 (dated 旧) lady's bedroom; boudoir （女子的）卧室; 闺房.n type of Australian bird of paradise 造园鸟（产于澳大利亚）.n [U] technique of using the bow to play a violin, etc （拉小提琴等的）弓法: The cellist's bowing was very sensitive. 那位大提琴手的弓法十分细腻./bəʊl; bol/ n  1 (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) deep round dish, used esp for holding food or liquid 碗;碟: a sugar bowl 糖碟 * a fruit bowl 果盘 * a washing-up bowl 洗涤盆. (b) amount contained in a bowl 一碗的量: a bowl of soup, cereal, porridge, etc 一碗汤、谷类食品、麦片粥等. =>illus at bucket, plate 见bucket、plate之插图.  2 hollow rounded part of certain objects （物体的）圆形凹陷部分: the bowl of a spoon 匙子的凹处 * a lavatory bowl 便池 * He filled the bowl of his pipe with tobacco. 他往烟斗里装烟丝.  3 (esp US) amphitheatre (for open-air concerts, etc) （供音乐会等用的）圆形露天剧场: the Hollywood Bowl 好莱坞圆形露天剧场.

/bəʊl; bol/ n  1 [C] heavy wooden ball that is weighted so that it rolls in a curve, used in the game of bowls （滚木球戏所用的）木球.  2 [C] heavy ball used in skittles and ten-pin bowling （撞柱戏和十柱保龄球戏所用的）球.  3 bowls [sing v] game played on a smooth lawn, in which two players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball 滚木球戏（在平坦草地上进行, 两人轮流滚动木球, 力求接近一小球）: play bowls 玩滚木球戏.

/bəʊl; bol/ v  1 [I] play a game of bowls or bowling 玩滚木球或地滚球（保龄球）.  2 [Tn] (in the games of bowls or bowling) roll (a ball) （滚木球或保龄球戏）滚（球）.  3 [I, Tn] (in cricket) send (the ball) from one's hand towards the batsman by swinging the arm over the head without bending the elbow （板球）投（球）: bowl fast/slow 投得快[慢] * Well bowled! 投得好!  4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) dismiss (a batsman) by bowling a ball that hits the wicket behind him （因投出的球击中击球员後面的三柱门）使（击球员）出局: He was bowled for 120, ie dismissed in this way after scoring 120 runs. 他得到120分之後被判出局.  5 (phr v) bowl along, down, etc (of a car or its passengers) move fast and smoothly (in the specified direction) （指汽车或其乘客）快而稳地行进: We were bowling along (the motorway) at seventy miles per hour. 我们以每小时七十英里的速度（在高速公路上）飞驰. bowl sb over (a) knock sb down 击倒某人. (b) surprise sb greatly; astound sb 使某人大吃一惊; 令某人惊奇: We were bowled over by the news of her marriage. 我们听到她结婚的消息大为惊讶./ˈbəʊlə(r); `bolɚ/ n  1 person who bowls in cricket （板球）投球手: a fast, slow, etc bowler 投球快、慢等的投球手 * a left-arm spin bowler 投左手旋转球的投球手. =>illus at cricket 见cricket之插图.  2 person who plays bowls 玩滚木球戏的人.

/ˈbəʊlə(r); `bolɚ/ n (also ,bowler `hat, US derby) hard, usu black, felt hat with a curved brim and rounded top 常礼帽（一种卷檐的圆顶硬毡帽, 通常为黑色）: Many London businessmen wear bowlers. 伦敦的许多商人戴常礼帽. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图./ˈbəʊlɪn; `bolɪn/ n (also `bowline knot) knot forming a secure loop at the end of a rope, used by sailors, climbers, etc 单套结（水手、攀登者等打的一种结实的结）./ˈbəʊlɪŋ; `bolɪŋ/ n [U]  1 any of various games (eg skittles, ten-pin bowling) in which heavy balls are rolled along a special track towards a group of wooden pins 地滚球戏（使用重球沿轨道朝木柱滚动的各种游戏, 如撞柱戏、十柱保龄球戏）: a bowling match 保龄球比赛.  2 the game of bowls 滚木球戏.  3 (in cricket) sending the ball from the hand towards the batsman （板球）朝击球员方向投球: a good piece of bowling 投一个好球.n (a) long narrow track along which balls are rolled in bowling or skittles （保龄球戏或撞柱戏的狭长的）球道. (b) building containing several of these 地滚球场.n area of grass cut short for playing bowls on 草地滚木球场.=> bowl2 3./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) archer 弓箭手./ˈbəʊsprɪt; `boˌsprɪt/ n long pole projecting from the front of a ship, to which the ropes supporting the sails are fasten 船首斜桅./bɒks; bɑks/ n  1 [C] (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) container made of wood, cardboard, metal, etc with a flat base and usu a lid, for holding solids 盒; 匣; 箱: a tool-box * a money-box * a shoe box * a cigar box * She packed her books in cardboard boxes. 她把书装进纸箱里. (b) box with its contents 盒或箱及其盛物: a box of chocolates, matches, cigars 一盒巧克力、火柴、雪茄烟.  2 [C] (a) separate compartment or enclosed area, eg for a group of people in a theatre, stadium, etc, for witnesses in a lawcourt, or for a horse in a stable 分离的隔间或围着的区域（如戏院的包厢、运动场的分区看台、法庭的证人席、马厩中的隔栏）: reserve a box at the theatre 预订戏院的一个包厢 * the witness box 证人席 * a horse-box 马栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. (b) small hut or shelter for a specific purpose （为某目的而设的）小亭, 岗亭: a sentry-box 哨亭 * a signal-box 信号所 * a telephone-box 电话间.  3 [C] (in cricket) rounded plastic shield worn by batsmen and wicket-keepers to protect the genitals （板球）护身（击球员和守门员为防止生殖器受伤而戴的圆形塑料护罩）.  4 the box [sing] (Brit infml 口) television 电视: What's on the box tonight? 今晚电视上有什么节目?  5 [C] = box number.

v  1 [Tn] put (sth) into a box 将（某物）装入盒或箱中: a boxed set of records 盒装的一套唱片.  2 (phr v) box sb/sth in prevent (a runner, horse, car, etc) from moving freely (esp in a race) 妨碍（赛跑者、马、汽车等）自由行动（尤于比赛中）: One of the runners got boxed in on the final bend. 一个赛跑者在转最後一弯时被人挡住了. box sb/sth in/up shut sb/sth in a small space 将某人[某物]禁锢在狭小的空间里: He feels boxed in, living in that tiny flat. 他身居斗室, 感到很不自在. * She hates being boxed up in an office all day. 她讨厌整天关在办公室里.

/bɒks; bɑks/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with/against sb) fight (sb) with the fists, esp wearing padded gloves, as a sport 拳击（某人）（尤指戴拳击手套的运动）: Did you box at school? 你在学校时练过拳击吗?  2 (idm 习语) box sb's ears hit sb on the ear with the open hand or fist （以掌或拳）打某人耳光: He boxed the boy's ears for being cheeky. 他打了这男孩儿耳光以教训其不懂羞耻.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) blow (usu on sb's ear) with the open hand or fist 掌击或拳击（通常指打耳光）.

/bɒks; bɑks/ n  1 [C, U] small evergreen shrub with thick dark leaves, used esp for garden hedges 黄杨.  2 (also `boxwood) [U] hard wood of this shrub 黄杨木.(Brit) area of road where two roads cross, marked with a criss-cross pattern of yellow stripes on which vehicles must not stop, designed to help the flow of traffic 路口黄格区（绘有黄色斜格的路口, 机动车不得停留其间以利交通疏导）.(US) light meal, usu of sandwiches and fruit, provided in a cardboard box or similar container 盒饭.number given in newspaper advertisementsto which replies may be sent （报纸广告中为读者覆信而设的）信箱号码.n kite with an open box-like frame 箱形风筝（有开口的箱形框架）.n office at a theatre, cinema, etc where tickets are bought or reserved （戏院、影院等的）售票处, 票房: [attrib 作定语] The film was a box-office success, ie It was financially successful because many people went to see it. 这部影片很卖座.n (US) enclosed railway goods van （火车的）载货车厢.n  1 person who boxes, esp as a sport 拳击者; （尤指）拳击运动员: a heavyweight boxer 重量级拳击手.  2 breed of dog like a bulldog but with longer legs 拳师犬（似斗牛狗而腿稍长）. `boxer shorts man's loose-fitting underpants （男用宽松的）内裤衩.n full box (of sth) （某物的）整盒, 整箱: a boxful of books, clothes, toys 一整箱书、衣服、玩具.n [U] sport of fighting with the fists 拳击（运动）. `boxing-glove n either of a pair of padded gloves worn for boxing 拳击手套. =>illus 见插图. /ˈbɒksɪŋ deɪ; `bɑksɪŋˌde/ the first weekday after Christmas Day 节礼日（圣诞节之後的第一个周日）.n fight between two boxers 拳击比赛./bɔɪ; bɔɪ/ n  1 [C] male child; son 男孩; 儿子: The Joneses have two boys and a girl. 琼斯一家有两个男孩儿一个女孩儿. * His eldest boy is at university. 他的长子上大学了.  2 [C] young man; lad; youth 小伙子; 少年; 青年: He lived in Edinburgh as a boy. 他年轻时住在爱丁堡. * A group of boys were playing football in the street. 一帮小伙子当时正在街上踢足球. * How many boys are there in your class at school? 你们班有多少男同学?  3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) boy or young man who does a specified job 从事某种职业的男童或小伙子: the paper-boy.  4 the boys [pl] (infml 口) group of men who are friends and go out together 哥儿们: a night out with the boys, eg at a public house 与哥儿们在外泡了一夜（如在酒馆里） * He plays football with the boys on Saturday afternoons. 他星期六下午跟弟兄们踢足球. * He likes to feel that he's one of the boys. 他乐于把自己当成弟兄们的一分子.  5 [C] (derog offensive 贬, 蔑) (in some countries) male servant or labourer （某些国家的）男仆或男性劳工.  6 (idm 习语) back-room boys => back-room (back2). sb's blue-eyed boy => blue1. the boys in `blue (Brit infml 口) the police or a group of police officers 警方; 一群警察. ,boys ,will be `boys (saying 谚) young boys, and also sometimes grown men, occasionally behave in a childish way, and this may be excused 孩子总归是孩子（男孩子, 甚至有些成年男子, 偶尔现出孩子气, 可以谅解）. jobs for the boys => job1. man and boy => man. sort out the men from the boys => sort2.

/bɔɪ; bɔɪ/ interj (infml 口 esp US) (expressing surprise, pleasure, relief or contempt 表示惊奇、愉快、快慰或轻视): Boy, am I glad to see you! 啊, 见到你真高兴!= scout 2.n regular male companion of a girl or woman, with whom she is romantically or sexually involved 男朋友: She had lots of boy-friends before she got married. 她婚前有许多男朋友./ˈbɔɪkɒt; `bɔɪˌkɑt/ v [Tn] (a) (usu of a group of people) refuse to have social or commercial relations with (a person, company, country, etc) （通常指一群人）拒绝与（某人、公司、国家等）交往或通商. (b) refuse to handle or buy (goods); refuse to take part in (eg a meeting) 拒绝处理或购买（货物）; 拒绝参加（如会议）; 抵制: boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口 * Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会.

n refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods) （对与某人、某国等交往或贸易的）抵制; （对处理货物的）抵制: place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物实行抵制.n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] state or time of being a boy （男子的）童年, 少年时期: a happy, unhappy, lonely, etc boyhood （指男子）幸福的、不幸的、孤独的...童年时期 * [attrib 作定语] boyhood friends （指男子）童年时代的朋友们.adj (often approv 常作褒义) of or like a boy 男孩子的; 男孩子般的: boyish ambitions, hopes, enthusiasm 男孩子的志向、愿望、热情 * He/She has boyish good looks. 他长得稚气可爱[她长得像个好看的男孩儿]./ˌbiː ˈpiː; ˌbi `pi/ abbr 缩写 = British Petroleum 英国石油公司: work for BP 为英国石油公司工作./ˌbiː piː ˈsiː; ˌbi pi `si/ abbr 缩写 = (esp on labels of chemical products) British Pharmaceutical Codex （尤用于化学产品标签）英国副药典./ˌbiː ˈɑː(r); ˌbi `ɑr/ abbr 缩写 = British Rail 英国铁路公司: BR's Southern Region services 英国铁路公司南部地区服务段.abbr 缩写 =  1 British.  2 (religion 宗) Brother: Br Peter 彼得修士./brɑː; brɑ/ n = brassiere./breɪs; bres/ n  1 [C] device that clamps things together or holds and supports them in position 夹具; 支架; 支撑之物. Cf 参看 bit2 2.  2 [C] wire device worn inside the mouth (esp by children) for straightening the teeth 牙箍（矫正牙齿的钢丝套, 尤为儿童所用）: My daughter has to wear a brace on her teeth. 我的女儿得戴牙箍以矫正牙齿.  3 braces [pl] (US suspenders) straps for holding trousers up, fastened to the waistband at the front and the back and passing over the shoulders 吊裤带; 背带: a pair of braces 一副背带.  4 [C] either of the two marks { and } used in printing or writing to show that words, etc between them are connected 大括号（"{", "}" 之任何一边）. Cf 参看 bracket.

/breɪs; bres/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) pair (esp of game birds) 一对, 一双（尤指作猎物的鸟）: two brace of partridge(s) 两对山鹑.

/breɪs; bres/ v  1 [Tn] (a) support (sth) with a brace1(1) 用支架支住（某物）: The struts are firmly braced. 构架的支柱很牢固. (b) make (sth) stronger or firmer; reinforce 使（某物）更为坚固; 增强.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] place (one's hand or foot) firmly in order to resist an impact or balance oneself 把（手或脚）支撑稳（以防冲撞或以保持身体平衡）: He braced his foot against the wall and jumped. 他一只脚抵着墙跳.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (for sth) steady or prepare oneself for sth difficult or unpleasant （针对困难的或令人不快的事物）稳住情绪或做好准备: We braced ourselves for a bumpy landing. 我们已做好准备, 着陆时会很颠簸.  4 (phr v) brace up (esp US) not become sad or dispirited, eg after a defeat or disappointment; take heart 振作起来; 打起精神.tool for boring holes, with a revolving handle and a removable drill 手摇曲柄钻./ˈbreɪslɪt; `breslɪt/ n ornamental band worn on the wrist or arm 手镯; 臂镯.adj (esp of weather conditions) invigorating; stimulating （尤指天气情况）令人振奋的, 给人带来活力的: bracing sea air 宜人的海滨空气 * a bracing walk 令人心神爽快的散步./ˈbrkən; `brækən/ n [U] (a) large fern growing on hillsides and heathland 欧洲蕨（一种大的蕨类植物, 生长在山坡和荒原上）. (b) mass of such ferns 一簇欧洲蕨./ˈbrkɪt; `brækɪt/ n  1 (a) wooden or metal angle-shaped support fixed to or built into a wall to hold a shelf, etc 托架（木制或金属制, 固定在墙上以托住搁板等）. (b) support on a wall for a lamp 墙壁上的灯架.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (in printing or writing) any one of the marks used in pairs for enclosing words, figures, etc to separate them from what precedes or follows, eg () (round brackets or parentheses), [] (square brackets), <> (angle brackets), {} (braces) （印刷或书写中）括号（如圆括号（）、方括号 [] 、尖括号＜＞、大括号 {} 任何一对的一边）: Put your name in brackets at the top of each page. 把你的名字填在每页上端的括号内. =>App 3 见附录3.  3 group or category within specified limits （有一定上下限的）分类, 档次: be in the lower/higher income bracket 属于低[高]收入等级 * the 20-30 age bracket, ie those people between the ages of 20 and 30  20-30岁的年龄组.

v  1 [Tn] support (sth) with a bracket （用托架）支撑（某物）.  2 [Tn] (in printing or writing) enclose (words, figures, etc) in brackets (bracket 2) （印刷或书写中）把（词语、数字等）置于括号中.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A with B group things or people in the same category (to suggest that they are similar, equal or connected in some way) 将事物或人置于同一范畴（以示相似、相同或相关）: It's wrong to bracket him with the extremists in his party  his views are very moderate. 把他跟他们党内的极端分子等同看待是不对的--他的观点其实很温和./ˈbrkɪʃ; `brækɪʃ/ adj (of water) slightly salty （指水）略咸的./brkt; brækt/ n leaf-like and often brightly coloured part of a plant, growing below the flower (eg in bougainvillaea and poinsettia) 苞./brd; bræd/ n thin flat nail with no head or a very small head 角钉, 无头钉（无头或头很小的）./ˈbrdɔːl; `brædˌɔl/ n small hand-tool with a sharp point for boring holes 小锥子./breɪ; bre/ n (Scot 苏格兰) steep slope; hillside 陡坡; 山坡./bræg; bræˇ/ v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/of sth) talk with too much pride (about sth); boast 吹嘘（某事物）; 自夸: Stop bragging! 别吹牛! * He's been bragging about his new car. 他一直夸他的新汽车. * She bragged that she could run faster than me. 她夸口说她比我跑得快.

n [U, C] boastful talk or statement 大话./ˈbrgət; `bræˇɚt/ n person who brags 吹牛者; 说大话者./ˈbrɑːmɪn; `brɑmɪn/ (also brahman/ -En;-En/) n member of the highest or priestly Hinducaste 婆罗门（印度种姓制度中最高等级或僧侣阶级）./breɪd; bred/ n  1 [U] number of threads of silk, cotton, etc woven together in a narrow band for decorating clothes and material 穗带（由丝线、棉线等编织而成, 用作衣物和料子的装饰）: The general's uniform was trimmed with gold braid. 将官的制服饰有金色的穗带.  2 [C] (US) = plait 发辫; 辫子: She wears her hair in braids. 她梳着辫子. =>illus at plait 见plait之插图.

v [Tn]  1 decorate (clothes or material) with braid 用穗带装饰（衣物或料子）: She braided the neckline, hem and cuffs of the dress. 她用穗带装饰连衣裙的领口、摺边和袖口.  2 (US) = plait 编成辫子: She braids her hair every morning. 她每天早晨都梳辫子./breɪl; brel/ n [U] system of reading and writing for blind people, using raised dots to represent letters which can be read by touching them 盲文（供盲人阅读和书写用的凸点符号）./breɪn; bren/ n  1 [C] organ of the body that controls thought, memory and feeling, consisting of a mass of soft grey matter inside the head 脑: a disease of the brain 脑部疾患 * The brain is the centre of the nervous system. 脑是神经系统的中枢. * [attrib 作定语] brain surgery 脑外科.  2 [U, C often pl 常作复数] mind or intellect; intelligence 头脑; 智力: He has very little brain. 他没有什么头脑. * She has an excellent brain. 她很有头脑. * You need brains to become a university professor. 当大学教授要有才智. * He has one of the best brains in the university. 他是这所大学里才智出众的人.  3 (a) [C] (infml 口) clever person; intellectual 聪明人; 知识分子: He is one of the leading brains in the country. 他是国家的知识分子精英. (b) the brains [sing v] (infml 口) cleverest person in a group 智力超群的人: He's the brains of the family. 他是全家最聪明的人. * She was the brains behind the whole scheme. 她是整个方案背後的主脑.  4 (idm 习语) blow one's brains out => blow1. cudgel one's brains => cudgel. have sth on the brain (infml 口) think about sth constantly; be obsessed by sth 一心想着某事物; 对某事物入迷: I've had this tune on the brain all day but I can't remember what it's called. 我脑海里整天回荡着这个曲调, 但我想不起来叫什么了. pick sb's brains => pick3. rack one's brain(s) => rack2. tax one's/sb's brains => tax.

v [Tn] kill (a person or an animal) with a heavy blow on the head （猛击头部）打死（人或动物）: (fig infml 比喻, 口) I nearly brained myself on that low beam. 那低矮的横梁险些把我的头撞碎.inflammation of the brain 脑膜炎.n [sing] person's original plan, invention or idea 某人的构想、构思、发明或创见: The new arts centre is the brain-child of a wealthy local businessman. 这座新艺术馆是根据当地一位富商的构想而修建的.n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) loss to a country when skilled and clever people emigrate from it to other countries 人才外流.n difficult problem; puzzle 困难问题; 难题.adj stupid; foolish 没有头脑的; 愚蠢的; 傻的: That was a pretty brainless thing to do. 那样做很愚蠢.n [U] ability to think; intelligence 智力; 智能.group of experts who answer questions and give advice, eg on a radio programme （提供咨询服务的）专家小组（如于电台节目中的）; 智囊团./ˈbreɪnstɔːm; `brenˌstɔrm/ n  1 sudden violent mental disturbance 突发性精神错乱.  2 (Brit infml 口) moment of confusion or forgetfulness; sudden mental aberration 一时糊涂、忘记或想不起来; 突然的神智不清: I must have had a brainstorm  I couldn't remember my own telephone number for a moment. 我一定是糊涂了--一时想不起自己的电话号码了.  3 (US infml 口) = brainwave./ˈbreɪnstɔːmɪŋ; `brenˌstɔrmɪŋ/ n [U] (esp US) method of solving problems in which all the members of a group suggest ideas which are then discussed 群策群力, 通力攻关（大家献计献策, 通过集体讨论解决问题）: [attrib 作定语] a brainstorming session 通力攻关会./ˈbreɪnwɒʃ; `brenˌwɔʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) force sb to reject old beliefs or ideas and to accept new ones by the use of extreme mental pressure 洗脑（以极大的精神压力迫使某人放弃旧的信念或思想而接受新的一套）: (fig 比喻) I refuse to be brainwashed by advertisers into buying something I don't need. 我可不让广告商给我洗脑, 去买那些我不需要的东西. n [U]./ˈbreɪnweɪv; `brenˌwev/ (US brainstorm) n (infml 口) sudden clever idea 灵机; 灵感脑波: Unless someone has a brainwave we'll never solve this problem. 除非谁能灵机一动拿出主意, 否则我们永远解决不了这个问题.adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) clever; intelligent 聪明的; 有智慧的: Her children are all very brainy. 她的孩子个个都很聪明./breɪz; brez/ v [Tn] cook (meat or vegetables) slowly with very little liquid in a closed container 炖（肉或蔬菜）; 焖; 煨: braised beef and onions 炖洋葱牛肉 * braising steak, ie steak to be braised 用来炖的肉排./breɪk; brek/ n (a) device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc 制动器; 闸; 刹车: put on/apply the brake(s) 使用制动器 * His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡峭的山路上失灵了. * (fig 比喻) The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending. 政府决定遏制公共事务的开支. * Ignorance acts as a brake to progress. 无知阻碍了进步. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. (b) pedal, etc that operates such a device 制动器的踏板等: The brake (pedal) is between the clutch and the accelerator. 制动器（踏板）在离合器和加速器之间. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down using a brake 用制动器（使某物）减速; 刹（车）: The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him. 那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上, 司机猛踩刹车.

/breɪk; brek/ n area of brushwood, thick undergrowth or bracken; thicket 矮丛林地带; 灌木丛.liquid used in hydraulic brakes 制动液（液压制动器所用的液体）.red light at the back of a car, etc which lights up when the brakes are applied 制动灯, 刹车灯（汽车等刹车时尾部亮起的红灯）.n [U] power of an engine measured by the force needed to brake it 制动马力; 刹车马力.n curved block or plate that presses against a wheel to brake it 闸瓦; 制动片; 刹车片./ˈbrmbl; `bræmbl/ n wild shrub with long prickly shoots; blackberry bush 荆棘; 黑莓灌木丛./brn; bræn/ n [U] outer covering of grain separated from the flour by sifting 糠; 麸. Cf 参看 husk 1.n (Brit) tub containing bran or sawdust in which small gifts are hidden; lucky dip 糠桶（装有糠或锯末的摸彩桶, 内藏小件礼物）./brɑːntʃ; <i>US</i> brntʃ; bræntʃ/ n  1 arm-like division of a tree, growing from the trunk or from a bough 树枝: He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树, 藏在树枝後面. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.  2 similar division of a river, road, railway or mountain range （河流、公路、铁路或山脉的）类似分支: a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流 * [attrib 作定语] a branch line, ie a division of a main railway line, serving country areas 支线（铁路干线通往乡村的分支）.  3 subdivision of a family, a subject of knowledge, or a group of languages （家族的）分支; （知识的）分科; （语言的）分系: His uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Australia. 他的家族中叔父这一支系已移居澳大利亚. * Gynaecology is a branch of medicine. 妇科学是医学的一个分科.  4 local office or shop belonging to a large firm or organization （属于某大公司或机构的）地方办事处或分店: The bank has branches in all parts of the country. 该银行在全国各地设有分行. * [attrib 作定语] a branch post office 邮局的分局.  5 (idm 习语) root and branch => root1.

v [I]  1 (of a tree) send out or divide into branches （指树）长出枝, 分出枝杈.  2 (of a road) divide into branches （指道路）分岔: The road branches after the level-crossing. 这条路在经过平面交叉道口後岔开了.  3 (phr v) branch `off (of a vehicle or road) turn from one road into a (usu) smaller one （指车辆或大路）转入或转为（通常为）小路: The car in front of us suddenly branched off to the left. 我们前面的那辆汽车突然转入左边的小路上去了. * The road to the village branches off on the right. 通往该村的道路向右转为一条小路. branch `out (into sth) extend or expand one's activities or interests in a new direction 向新的方向扩展自己的活动或兴趣: The company began by specializing in radios but has now decided to branch out into computers. 该公司开始时专营无线电器材, 现在已决定扩展业务经营计算机了. * She's leaving the company to branch out on her own. 她打算脱离这家公司, 自己开业./brnd; brænd/ n  1 (a) particular make of goods or their trade mark 商品的牌子; 商标: Which brand of toothpaste do you prefer? 你爱用什么牌子的牙膏? * [attrib 作定语] a `brand name 商标名称 * brand loyalty, ie tendency of customers to continue buying the same brand 对某商标的信赖（顾客购买同一牌子商品的倾向）. (b) particular type or kind 特殊的种类: a strange brand of humour 一种古怪的幽默.  2 piece of burning wood 燃烧着的木头.  3 (a) mark of identification (esp on cattle and sheep) made with a hot iron 烙印（尤指打在牛羊身上的）. (b) (also `branding-iron) iron used for this （作上述用的）烙铁. =>illus at iron 见iron之插图.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) mark sth with or as if with a brand(3a) （似）在某事物上打烙印: On big farms cattle are usually branded. 大农场里的牛通常打有烙印. * (fig 比喻) The experiences of his unhappy childhood are branded on his memory. 他童年的不幸遭遇铭刻在他的记忆里.  2 [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) give a bad name to sb; denounce sb 给某人加上污名; 谴责某人: The scandal branded him for life. 这件丑事使他终生蒙受耻辱. * He was branded (as) a trouble-maker for taking part in the demonstration. 他因参加了示威游行而被指责为捣乱分子.adj completely new 全新的; 崭新的.n = brand 3b./ˈbrndɪʃ; `brændɪʃ/ v [Tn] wave (sth) in a triumphant or threatening way; display 得意地或威胁地挥动（某物）; 显示: brandish a gun, a knife, an axe, etc 挥舞枪、刀子、斧头等 * The demonstrators brandished banners and shouted slogans. 示威者挥舞着旗帜, 呼喊着口号./ˈbrndɪ; `brændɪ/ n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from wine or fermented fruit-juice 白兰地. (b) [C] type of brandy 一种白兰地: Cognac and Armagnac are fine brandies. 科尼亚克和阿马尼亚克是两种优质白兰地. (c) [C] glass of brandy 一杯白兰地: Two brandies and soda, please. 劳驾, 来两杯白兰地加苏打水.n crisp rolled gingerbread wafer, often filled with cream 白兰地小脆饼（常有奶油夹层）./brʃ; bræʃ/ adj (derog 贬)  1 (of a person, his manner, etc) confident in a rude or aggressive way; impudently self-assertive （指人、态度等）粗鲁而自信的, 盛气凌人的, 自以为是的: His brash answers annoyed the interviewers. 他回答问题自以为是, 面试的人感到很不痛快.  2 (of colours, clothing, etc) loud; garish; showy （指颜色、衣服等）花哨的, 俗气的: He was wearing a rather brash tie. 他系着一条颇为显眼的领带. adv. n [U]./brɑːs; <i>US</i> brs; bræs/ n  1 [U] bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc 黄铜: [attrib 作定语] brass doorknobs, buttons 黄铜的门把手、钮扣 * a brass foundry 黄铜铸造厂.  2 (a) [U] objects made of brass, eg candlesticks, ornaments, etc 黄铜制品（如烛台、饰物等）: do/clean/polish the brass 处理[擦净/擦亮]黄铜器. (b) [C] brass ornament worn by a horse 马戴的黄铜饰物.  3 the brass [Gp] (group of people in an orchestra who play) wind instruments made of brass （乐队中的）铜管乐器（组）: The brass is/are too loud. 铜管乐的声音过大. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x.4 [C] (esp Brit) brass memorial tablet fixed to the floor or wall of a church （教堂的地上或墙上的）黄铜纪念牌.  5 [U] (Brit sl 俚) money 钱: He's got plenty of brass. 他很有钱.  6 [U] (infml 口) impudence; cheek 厚颜无耻; 厚脸皮: He had the brass to ask his boss for a 20% pay rise. 他厚着脸皮要求老板给他增加20%的工资.  7 (idm 习语) bold as brass => bold. get down to brass `tacks (infml 口) start to consider the basic facts or practical details of sth 开始考虑某事物的基本事实 或具体细节. top brass => top1.band playing brass and percussion instruments only 铜管乐队.(infml 口 esp Brit) high-ranking officer in the army; any important person 高级军官; 要员.(US) = knuckleduster (knuckle.plate of brass displayed outside a house or office, giving the name and profession of the occupant 黄铜门牌.n  1 [U] making a copy of the design on a brass(4) by rubbing a piece of paper placed over it with chalk or wax （用粉笔或蜡笔在覆盖于黄铜纪念牌上的纸上涂画以）拓印图案.  2 [C] copy made in this way （使用上述方法制成的）拓印品./ˈbrsərɪ; ˌbræsə`ri/ n type of restaurant serving esp beer with food （以售啤酒为主的）餐馆./ˈbrsɪə(r); <i>US</i> brəˈzɪər; brə`zɪr/ (also bra/brB:; brB/) n woman's undergarment worn to support the breasts 乳罩.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like brass in colour 黄铜色的.  2 like a brass musical instrument in sound; harsh; blaring 声如铜管乐器的; 刺耳的; 嘹亮的.  3 (esp of a woman, her manner, etc) vulgarly showy and impudent; loud and flashy （尤指女人、其举止等）俗不可耐的, 无耻招摇的, 花里胡哨的. /bræt; bræt/ n (derog 贬) child, esp a badly-behaved one 孩子; （尤指）顽童./brəˈvɑːdəʊ; brə`vɑdo/ n [U] (usu unnecessary or false) display of boldness （通常指无必要的或虚伪的）逞能, 虚张声势: Take no notice of his threats  they're sheer bravado. 别理会他的威胁--完全是虚张声势./breɪv; brev/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (of a person) ready to face and endure danger, pain or suffering; having no fear; courageous （指人）勇敢的; 无畏的; 有勇气的: brave men and women 勇敢的男男女女 * Be brave! 勇敢些! * It was brave of her to go into the burning building. 她进入了燃烧着的大楼, 真勇敢. * He was very brave about his operation. 他对手术毫无惧色.  2 (of an action) requiring or showing courage （指行为）需要勇气的, 表现勇敢的: a brave act, deed, speech 有勇气的举动、行为、讲话 * a brave fight against disease 与疾病进行的毫不畏惧的斗争.  3 (idm 习语) (a) brave new world (catchphrase often ironic 警语, 常作反语) a new era resulting from revolutionary changes, reforms, etc in society 美好的新世界（社会经历革命、改革等之後的新时期）.

n  1 [C] N American Indian warrior 北美洲的印第安战士.  2 the brave [pl v] brave people 勇敢的人: the brave who died in battle 阵亡的英勇战士.

v  1 [Tn] endure or face (sth/sb) without showing fear 以无畏的精神忍受或面对（某事物[某人]）: brave dangers 冒着危险 * brave one's critics 勇于面对批评 * We decided to brave (ie go out in spite of) the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 我们仍决定要出去.  2 (phr v) brave it `out face hostility, suspicion or blame defiantly 对含敌意、猜疑或责难的言行持对抗态度: He tried to brave it out when the police questioned him. 警察盘问他时, 他想硬着头皮顶过去.adv./ˈbreɪvərɪ; `brevərɪ/ n [U] being brave; courage 勇气; 胆量: a medal for bravery in battle 授予在战斗中表现英勇者的奖章./ˌbrɑːˈvəʊ; `brɑvo/ interj, n (pl ~s) shout of approval, esp to an actor or a performer 喝采声（尤用以称赞演员或表演者）: Bravo! Well played! 好哇! 演得好哇!/brəˈvʊərə; brə`vᴜrə/ n [U] (in a musical performance) brilliant style or technique （音乐演奏中）优美的风格或精湛的技巧: [attrib 作定语] a bravura performance 精采的演奏./brɔːl; brɔl/ n noisy quarrel or fight 大声争吵; 打架: a drunken brawl in a bar 在酒吧间里醉汉的吵闹.

v [I] take part in a brawl 打闹: gangs of youths brawling in the street 在街上打打闹闹的一帮青年. n./brɔːn; brɔn/ n [U]  1 strong muscles; muscular strength 强壮的肌肉; 强健的体力: a job needing brains (ie intelligence) rather than brawn 需用脑力而非体力的工作.  2 (Brit) (US head cheese) meat, esp from a pig's or calf's head, boiled, chopped and pressed in a mould with jelly 肉冻（尤指猪的或牛犊的头肉, 煮熟切碎加果胶或明胶模压而成）.adj (-ier, -iest) strong and muscular 强壮的; 肌肉发达的: brawny arms 肌肉发达的胳膊./breɪ; bre/ n (a) cry of a donkey 驴叫声. (b) sound like this 似驴叫的声音.

v [I] make this cry or sound （驴）叫; 发出似驴叫的声音: a braying laugh 粗声大笑./ˈbreɪzn; `brezn/ adj  1 (derog 贬) shameless; insolent 无耻的; 无礼的: brazen insolence, rudeness, etc 不知羞耻的无礼举动、粗野举动等 * a brazen hussy 恬不知耻的荡妇.  2 (a) made of brass; like brass 黄铜制的; 黄铜般的. (b) having a harsh brassy sound 声音响亮刺耳的: the brazen notes of a trumpet 喇叭的响亮的声音.

v (phr v) brazen it `out behave, after doing wrong, as if one has nothing to be ashamed of （做错事以後）显出若无其事的样子.adv shamelessly 厚颜无耻地./ˈbreɪzɪə(r); `breʒɚ/ n open metal framework for holding a charcoal or coal fire （金属的）火盆./briːtʃ; britʃ/ n  1 [C, U] breaking or neglect (of a law, an agreement, a duty, etc) 违犯, 违反（法规、协议、职责等）: a breach of loyalty, trust, protocol, etc 不忠、背信、背约等 * a breach of confidence, ie giving away a secret 泄密 * sue sb for breach of contract 控告某人违反合同 * a breach of security, ie failure to protect official secrets 破坏安全的行为（泄露政府机密）.  2 [C] break in usu friendly relations between people or groups （友好关系的）中断: a breach of diplomatic relations between two countries 两国之间外交关系的破裂.  3 [C] opening, eg one made in a wall by attacking forces or the sea 缺口（如墙上或堤上的突破口）: The huge waves made a breach in the sea wall. 大浪在堤上冲出一个缺口.  4 (idm 习语) step into the breach => step1.

v [Tn] make a gap in (a defensive wall, etc) （在防御工事等上）打开缺口: Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克突破了敌人的防线.(law 律) (formerly) breaking of a promise to marry sb （旧时）悔婚.(law 律) crime of causing a public disturbance, eg by fighting in the street 扰乱治安罪（如在街上斗殴）./bred; brɛd/ n [U]  1 food made of flour, water and usu yeast, kneaded and then baked 面包: a loaf/slice/piece of bread 一条[片/块]面包 * brown/white bread 黑[白]面包. =>illus 见插图.  2 (sl 俚) money 钱.  3 (idm 习语) ,bread and `water plainest possible food 简单的饮食: I had to live on bread and water when I was a student. 我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活. cast one's bread upon the water(s) => cast1. one's daily bread => daily. half a loaf is better than none/than no bread => half. know which side/ˌbred n ˈbʌtə(r); `brɛdn`bʌtɚ/  1 slices of bread spread with butter 抹黄油的面包片.  2 (infml 口) (way of earning) one's living 生活; 生计; 谋生之道: Acting is his bread and butter. 演戏就是他的饭碗. * How does he earn his bread and butter? 他怎样谋生? * [attrib 作定语] Jobs, pensions and housing are the bread-and-butter issues of politics, ie the basic ones. 就业、养老金和住房问题是和政治有关的基本问题.  3 (idm 习语) a bread-and-`butter letter letter thanking a host or hostess for hospitality 感谢款待的信.n container for keeping loaves of bread in 面包盒; 面包箱./ˈbredfruːt; `brɛdˌfrut/ n [C, U] round edible tropical fruit with white starchy pulp 面包果（一种可食的圆形热带水果, 果肉白色, 含淀粉）./ˈbredwɪnə(r); `brɛdˌwɪnɚ/ n person whose earnings support his or her family 养家活口者: Mum's the bread-winner in our family. 妈妈养活我们全家.n board of wood, etc for cutting bread on 切面包板.n [pl] tiny pieces of bread, usu from the inner part of a loaf 面包屑（通常得自面包瓤）: fish covered with breadcrumbs and then fried 裹上面包屑後煎炸的鱼.adj (of meat or fish) sprinkled with breadcrumbs for cooking （指肉或鱼）（为烹饪用）撒上面包屑的./ˈbredlaɪn; `brɛdˌlaɪn/ n  1 queue of people waiting for free food given as charity 等候领救济食品的队伍.  2 (idm 习语) on the breadline very poor 极其穷困: We've been living on the breadline for weeks. 几个星期以来我们一直吃了上顿没下顿./bredθ; brɛdθ/ n  1 [U, C] distance or measurement from side to side; width 宽度: a garden, room, river ten metres in breadth 十米宽的花园、房间、河流 * pieces of material of different breadths 宽度不一的料子. =>illus at dimension 见dimension之插图.  2 [U] wide extent (eg of knowledge); range 宽广的程度（如指知识）; 范围: Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job. 她经验丰富, 最能胜任这项工作.  3 [U] freedom from narrow-mindedness or prejudice 宽宏大量的; 不抱偏见的: show breadth of mind, outlook, opinions, etc 在思想、观点、见解等方面表现宽宏大度.  4 (idm 习语) by a hair/a hair's breadth => hair. the length and breadth of sth => length./breɪk; brek/ v (pt broke/ brEUk; brok/, pp broken/ 5brEUkEn; `brokEn/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in/into sth) (of a whole object) separate into two or more parts as a result of force or strain (but not by cutting) （指完整物体）破, 碎, 断（非切割所致）: The string broke. 绳子断了. * Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎. * The bag broke under the weight of the shopping inside it. 买的东西太重, 把袋子撑破了. * She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces/in two. 她把盘子摔碎[两半]了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) cause (a whole object) to do this 弄破, 弄碎, 弄断（完整物体）: break a cup, vase, window, etc 打破杯子、花瓶、窗户等 * She fell off a ladder and broke her arm. 她从梯子上摔下来, 跌断了胳膊. * If you pull too hard you will break the rope. 如果太用力拉, 就会把绳子拉断. * He broke the bar of chocolate into two (pieces). 他把巧克力掰成两半.  2 [I, Tn] become unusable by being damaged; make (sth) unusable by damaging 已坏; 损坏（某物）: My watch is broken. 我的表坏了.  3 [Tn] cut the surface of (the skin) so as to cause bleeding 弄破（皮肤）表面以致出血: The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那狗咬了我一口, 但是没有把皮咬破.  4 [Tn] not follow or obey (sth); fail to observe (a law, promise, etc) 不依从或不服从（某事物）; 不遵守（法律、诺言等）: break the law, the rules, the conditions, etc 违反法律、规则、所定条件等 * break an agreement, a contract, a promise, one's word, etc 违反协议、合同、诺言、自己说的话等 * break an appointment, ie fail to come to it 爽约（未能赴约） * He was breaking the speed limit, ie travelling faster than the law allows. 他违章超速行驶.  5 [I, Ip] ~ (off) stop doing sth for a while; pause 稍停; 停顿: Let's break for tea. 咱们停一停, 喝点儿茶.  6 [Tn] (a) destroy the continuity of (sth); interrupt 中断（某事物）; 打断: break sb's concentration 分散某人的注意力 * We broke our journey (to London) at Oxford, ie stopped in Oxford on the way to London. 我们在牛津中止了（去伦敦的）行程. * a broken night's sleep, ie a night during which the sleeper keeps waking 夜间断断续续

/breɪk; brek/ n  1 ~ (in sth) (a) opening made by breaking; broken place 裂缝; 破裂处: a break in a fence, wall, water-pipe 篱笆、墙壁、水管的裂口. (b) gap; space 空隙; 空间: a break in the clouds, ie where blue sky is visible 云层间的空隙（可以看到蓝天） * Wait for a break in the traffic before crossing the road. 要等到暂无车辆来往时, 再过马路.  2 (a) interval, esp between periods of work; pause （时间的）间隙（尤指工作期间的）; 停歇: morning break, eg between lessons at school 上午的休息（如课间时） * lunch-break, eg in an office, a school or a factory 午餐时间的休息（如办公室、学校或工厂中的） * have/take an hour's break for lunch 休息一小时进午餐 * work for five hours without a break 五小时一直不间断地工作 * a break in a conversation 谈话中的停顿. (b) short holiday 短期假日: a weekend break in the country 在乡村过的周末假日.  3 ~ (in sth); ~ (with sb/sth) (a) change or interruption in sth continuous （有连贯性的事物的）改变, 中断: a break in a child's education 孩子教育的中断 * a break in the weather, ie a change from bad to good weather 天气的转变（由坏转好） * a break with tradition, ie a significant change from what is accepted in art, behaviour, morals, etc 与旧传统决裂（背离公认的艺术、行为、道德等准则）. (b) discontinuation or end of a relationship 中止或断绝关系: a break in diplomatic relations 外交关系的中断 * She's been depressed since the break with her boy-friend. 她自从与男朋友断绝关系以来一直情绪消沉.  4 (infml 口) piece of luck, esp one that leads to further success 机会; 幸运; （尤指）转运, 转机: a big/lucky break 难得的[幸运的]机会 * a bad break, ie a piece of bad luck 坏运气（倒霉） * give sb a break, ie a chance to show his ability 给某人一次机会（表现才能的时机）.  5 (in cricket) change in direction of a bowled ball as it bounces （板球）（投的球）改向反弹: an off/a leg break, ie a ball that spins to the right/left on bouncing 球向右的[左的]旋转反弹.  6 (also break of service, service break) (in tennis) instance of winning a point when one's opponent is serving （网球）接对手发球时

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Break applies especially to a rest during the working day or at school *break尤用作工间或课间的休息: a lunch, coffee break 午餐时间的、喝咖啡时间的休息 *  the mid-morning break 上午的中间休息 *  10 minutes' break 10分钟的休息. It also covers the meanings of several other words. 这个词还含有其他几个词的意思. A pause is usually short and often applied to speech *pause通常为时很短, 常用于指讲话中的停顿: a pause for breath 喘口气的停顿 *  a pause/break in the conversation 谈话中的停顿. Recess is the scheduled holiday of Parliament, and in US English it is also the break between school classes.*recess是议会的规定假日, 美式英语中还指学校课间的休息. An interval in British English is the break between the parts of a play, etc *interval在英式英语中指戏剧等演出的幕间休息: We had a quick drink in the interval. 我们在中间休息时匆匆喝了点东西. This is also called an intermission, especially in US English. 这种休息也叫 intermission, 尤用于美式英语. An interlude may be an interval or a short event during a longer activity, often contrasting with it *interlude可指interval, 也可指在一长期活动中的片段, 往往是相对长期活动而言的: Her time in Paris was a happy interlude in a difficult career. 她在巴黎期间是她艰辛的事业中一段愉快的插曲. A rest does not indicate a definite length of time, but suggests a necessary period of relaxation after an activity *rest不表示确切的时间长短, 而是指在一活动之後需要松驰的一段时间: You look tired. You need a good rest. 你看来累了. 你需要好好休息一下.(cause sth to) become separated from sth as a result of force or strain （使某物）折断: The door handle has broken off. 门的把手断了. * She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 她掰下一块巧克力给我. break sth off end sth suddenly; discontinue sth 突然中止某事物; 中断某事物: break off diplomatic relations (with a country) 中断（与某国的）外交关系 * They've broken off their engagement/broken it off. 他们已经解除了婚约.(a) cease to function because of a mechanical, electrical, etc fault （因机械、电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵, 失效: The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统失灵了. * We (ie Our car) broke down on the motorway. 我们（的汽车）在高速公路上抛锚了. (b) fail; collapse 失败; 崩溃; 瓦解; 垮: Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判已经破裂. * If law and order break down, anarchy will result. 法治一垮, 就会出现无政府状态. (c) (of sb's health) become very bad; collapse （指某人健康状况）变得恶劣; 垮: Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了. (d) lose control of one's feelings 感情失去控制: He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来. break (sth) down (esp of money spent) be divided or divide into parts by analysis （尤指金钱花费）分成几部分, 细分: Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10m, plant 4m, raw materials 5m. 该工程费用开支可分成如下几部分: 工资一千万英镑, 厂房设备四百万英镑, 原料五百万英镑. break sth down (a) make sth collapse by striking it hard 猛击某物使之毁坏: Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 消防人员须破门而入, 才能抢救困在屋里的人. (b) cause sth to collapse; overcome, conquer or destroy sth 使某事物瓦解; 镇压、克服、破坏某事物: break down resistance, opposition, etc 镇压抵抗、反抗等 * break down sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、羞怯等心态 * How can we break down the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities? 怎样才能消除这两地区人民之间的恐惧和仇恨呢? (c) change the chemical composition of sth 改变某物的化学成分: Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 糖和淀粉在胃里被分解.enter a building by force 强行进入屋内: Burglars had broken in while we were away on holiday. 我们假日外出时, 窃贼曾进入屋内. break sb/sth in train and discipline sb/sth 训练某人[某物]: break in new recruits, a young horse 训练新兵、驯服小马. break in (on sth) interrupt or disturb (sth) 打断, 干扰（某事物）: Please don't break in on our conversation. 请别打断我们的谈话.(a) enter sth by force 强行进入某处: His house was broken into (eg by burglars) last week. 上星期有人闯入他的房屋（如窃贼）. (b) suddenly begin (to laugh, sing, cheer, etc) 突然开始（大笑、唱歌、欢呼等）: As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统的汽车到达时, 群众中爆发出热烈的掌声. (c) suddenly change (from a slower to a faster pace) 突然改变（由慢到快）: break into a trot/canter/gallop （马）突然改成小跑[慢跑/飞跑] * The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那人一见到警察, 拔腿就跑. (d) (of an activity) use up (time that would normally be spent doing sth else) （指活动）用去（应做其他事情的时间）: All this extra work I'm doing is breaking into my leisure time. 我目前的这一切额外工作用去了我的闲暇时间. (e) use (a banknote or coin of high value) to buy sth costing less 使用（大面值的钞票或硬币）购买低于该面值的某事物: I can't pay the 50p I owe you without breaking into a 5 note. 我得把一张5英镑的钞票兑开, 才能把欠你的50便士付给你. (f) open and use (sth kept for an emergency) 动用（应急储备物资）: break into emergency supplies of food 动用应急储备的食物.stop speaking 停止讲话: He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话只说了一半就停住了.(of violent events) start suddenly （指激烈事件）突然发生: Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾. * Rioting broke out between rival groups of fans. 双方球迷之间发生了骚乱. * War broke out in 1939.  1939年爆发了战争. Cf 参看 outbreak. break out (of sth) escape from a place by using force （强行）逃出某处: Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几名囚犯越狱了. Cf 参看 break-out. break out in sth (a) suddenly become covered in sth 突然布满某物: His face broke out in a rash. 他的脸上突然长满了皮疹. * He broke out in a cold sweat, eg through fear. 他出了一身冷汗（如由于恐惧）. (b) suddenly begin to show strong feelings 突然流露出强烈的感情: She broke out in a rage. 她勃然大怒.remove sth from sth larger by breaking 折断某物以除去其中某部分: He broke a piece of bread from the loaf. 他从长条面包中掰下一小块.make new and important discoveries 有重要创见; 突破: Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说, 他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破. break through (sth) (a) make a way through (sth) using force; penetrate (sth) 强行穿过（某事物）; 插入（某事物）: Demonstrators broke through the police cordon. 示威群众突破了警戒线. (b) (of the sun or moon) appear from behind (clouds) （指太阳或月亮）从（云层）後面出现: The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 太阳在下午终于从云层後面钻出来了. break through sth overcome sth 克服某事物: break through sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、羞怯等心态.(a) (of members of a group) go away in different directions; disperse （指群体中的成员）解散, 散去: The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. 会议在十一点钟散会. (b) (Brit) (of a school, its staff or its pupils) begin the holidays when school closes at the end of term （指学校、教职员或学生）期末放假: When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假? (c) become very weak; collapse 变得衰弱; 瓦解; 崩溃: He was breaking up under the strain. 他劳累过度, 身体逐渐衰弱. (d) (esp of a period of fine weather) end （尤指一段时期的好天气）结束: The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样子要过去了. break (sth) up (a) (cause sth to) separate into smaller pieces by cutting, striking, etc （将某物）割碎, 击碎, 打碎, 撞碎: The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了. * The ship was broken up for scrap metal. 这艘船拆毁了当废铁用. (b) (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）结束: Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻已破裂. * They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系. break sth up (a) disperse or scatter sth using force 强行驱散某物: Police were called in to break up the meeting. 出动了警察将集会驱散. (b) divide sth by means of analysis, an administrative decision, etc （通过分析、行政决定等方法）分开某事物: Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可分成分句. * The Government has broken up the large private estates. 政府把大片的私人地产分割开. break up (with sb) end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: She's just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交.end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: break with one's girl-friend 与女朋友绝交. break with sth give up sth; abandon sth 与某事物决裂; 放弃某事物: break with tradition, old habits, the past, etc 与传统、旧习惯、过去等决裂.n [U] energetic and acrobatic style of dancing, often competitive or as a display, esp popular with young Black Americans 霹雳舞.n forcible entry into a building 闯入某建筑物: Police are investigating a break-in at the bank. 警方正在调查有人闯入银行的事件.n escape from prison, esp one involving the use of force （尤指强行）越狱: a mass break-out of prisoners 囚犯集体越狱./ˈbreɪkəbl; `brekəbl/ adj easily broken 易碎的. breakables n [pl] breakable objects, eg glasses and cups 易碎的物品（如玻璃杯和瓷杯）./ˈbreɪkɪdʒ; `brekɪdʒ/ n  1 [C, U] act of or damage caused by breaking 毁坏; 破损: a parcel carefully packed to prevent breakage 防止破损而仔细包好的包裹.  2 [C] broken thing 破损之物.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] broken objects 破损物件: The hotel allows 300 a year for breakages, ie for the cost of replacing broken dishes, etc. 这家旅馆每年打出300英镑的损耗费（盘碟等损坏补充费用）.n loss of members from a group by withdrawal; secession 脱离组织; 退出: a breakaway from the Tory party 脱离保守党 * [attrib 作定语] a breakaway group on the left of the Labour party 脱离工党左派的组织./ˈbreɪkdaʊn; `brekˌdaᴜn/ n  1 mechanical failure 机械的故障: Our car/We had a breakdown on the motorway. 我们的汽车[我们]在高速公路上抛锚了.  2 collapse or failure 瓦解; 失败; 破裂: a breakdown of negotiations on disarmament 裁军谈判的破裂.  3 weakening or collapse of sb's (esp mental) health 身体（尤指精神）衰弱: The strain of his job led to the complete breakdown of his health. 他工作过度, 把身体完全累垮了. * She suffered a nervous breakdown. 她患神经衰弱.  4 statistical analysis 统计分析: a breakdown of expenditure 支出的统计分析./ˈbreɪkə(r); `brekɚ/ n  1 large wave that breaks into foam as it moves towards the shore 大浪（拍岸而成浪花的）.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that breaks 击碎者; 打破者: a ship-breaker * a law-breaker * a record-breaker./ˈbrekfəst; `brɛkfəst/ n [C, U]  1 first meal of the day 一天的第一顿饭; 早餐; 早饭: a light/big/hearty breakfast 量少的[量多的/丰富的]早餐 * have bacon and eggs for breakfast 早餐有腌猪肉和鸡蛋 * They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我到达时, 他们正在用早餐. * She doesn't eat much breakfast. 她早点吃得不多.  2 (idm 习语) bed and breakfast => bed1. a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1. eat sb for breakfast => eat.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) eat breakfast 用早餐; 吃早饭: We breakfasted on toast and coffee. 我们用的早餐是烤面包片和咖啡./ˈbreɪknek; `brekˌnɛk/ adj [attrib 作定语] dangerously fast 快得危险的: drive, ride, travel, etc at breakneck speed 以非常危险的高速度开车、骑马、行进等.n  1 act of breaking through an enemy's defences 突破敌人防线.  2 important development or discovery, esp in scientific knowledge 重大的发展, 发现, 突破（尤指科学知识方面）: a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究方面的重大突破 * a breakthrough in negotiations 谈判的重大进展.n end (of a relationship or partnership) （关系或合作的）决裂: The breakup of their marriage surprised no one. 他们婚姻破裂谁都不觉得奇怪./ˈbreɪkwɔːtə(r); `brekˌwɔtɚ/ n wall built out into the sea to protect a coast or harbour from the force of the waves 防波堤./briːm; brim/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 type of freshwater fish of the carp family 欧鲷（一种鲤科的淡水鱼）.  2 (also `sea-bream) type of salt-water fish similar to this 鲷科的海鱼./brest; brɛst/ n  1 [C] either of the two parts of a woman's body that produce milk （女子的）乳房: a baby at the breast 哺乳的婴孩 * cancer of the breast 乳（腺）癌 * The breasts swell during pregnancy. 怀孕期乳房发胀.  2 [C] (a) (rhet 修辞) upper front part of the human body; chest （人体的）胸部, 胸膛: clasp/hold sb to one's breast 把某人拥抱在怀里. (b) part of a garment covering this （衣服的）胸部: a soldier with medals pinned to the breast of his coat 胸前别着许多奖章的士兵.  3 [C, U] part of an animal corresponding to the human breast, eaten as food （动物的）胸脯（作食物用者）: chicken breasts 鸡胸脯 * breast of lamb 羔羊胸脯.  4 (dated 旧) source of feelings; heart 心情; 思绪: a troubled breast 心烦意乱.  5 (idm 习语) beat one's breast => beat1. make a clean breast of sth => clean1.

v [Tn]  1 (a) touch (sth) with the breast(2a) 以胸部触及（某物）: The runner breasted the tape, ie to win a race. 赛跑者以胸部触线（赛跑获胜）. (b) face and move forward against (sth) 挺身冲向（某事物）: breasting the waves 破浪前进.  2 reach the top of (sth) 抵达（某事物）的顶端: breast a hill/rise 抵达山[岗]的顶端.pocket on the breast of a jacket （上衣）胸前的口袋.v (pt, pp `breast-fed) [Tn] feed (a baby) with milk from the breast 用乳房的奶喂（婴儿）: Were her children breast-fed or bottle-fed? 她的孩子喂的是人奶还是牛奶?adj, adv high as the breast 齐胸高（的）: The wheat was/stood breast-high. 麦子长得齐胸高.n [sing] swimming stroke, with chest downwards, in which the arms are extended in front of the head and then swept back, while the legs move in a corresponding way 蛙泳: do (the) breast-stroke 游蛙泳.n thin flat vertical bone in the chest between the ribs 胸骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.n piece of armour covering the breast 护胸甲.n low wall of earth, etc put up as a temporary defence 胸墙./breθ; brɛθ/ n  1 (a) [U] (also infml 口语亦作  puff) air taken into and sent out of the lungs （呼吸的）空气: You can see people's breath on a cold day. 冷天能看到人们呼出的空气. * His breath smelt of garlic. 他呼出的气中有蒜味. (b) [C] single act of taking air into the lungs 吸气: take a deep breath, ie fill the lungs with air 深吸一口气.  2 ~ of sth [sing] slight movement of air; gently blowing （空气的）轻微流动; 微风: There wasn't a breath of air/wind. 一点儿风都没有.  3 ~ of sth [sing] (fig 比喻) slight suggestion or rumour of sth; hint of sth 迹象; 暗示: a breath of scandal 一丝流言蜚语 * the first breath of spring 早春的气息.  4 (idm 习语) a breath of fresh air (a) opportunity to breathe clean air, esp out of doors 呼吸新鲜空气的机会（尤指户外）. (b) person or thing that is a welcome and refreshing change 带来起色的人或事物: Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office. 她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气. the breath of `life (to/for sb) thing that stimulates or inspires (sb); thing that is necessary (to sb) （某人的）精神支柱; （某人）必不可少的东西: Religion is the breath of life to/for her. 宗教是她不可或缺的精神支柱. catch one's breath => catch1. draw breath => draw2. draw one's first/last breath => draw2. get one's `breath (again/back) return to one's normal rate of breathing 恢复正常呼吸: It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race. 赛跑後我们用了好几分钟才恢复了正常呼吸. hold one's `breath stop breathing for a short time (eg during a medical examination or from fear or excitement) 暂时屏住呼吸（如体检时或因恐惧、激动）: How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? * The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸. in the same breath => same. lose one's breath => lose. one's last/dying `breath last moment of one's life 临终. (be) out of/short of `breath breathing very quickly (eg after running fast); panting hard 呼吸急促（如快跑以後）; 喘不过气来; 上气不接下气: His heart condition makes him shtest of a driver's breath to measure how much alcohol he has drunk 呼吸测验（对司机的呼吸的测验, 以确定其体内酒精含量）./ˈbreθəlaɪz; `brɛθəlaɪz/ v test (sb) with a breathalyser （用呼吸分析器）检验（某人）.n (Brit) (US breathalyzer, drunkometer) device used by the police for measuring the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath 呼吸分析器（警方用以测量司机呼吸中的酒精含量的仪器）./briːð; brið/ v  1 [I] take air into the lungs and send it out again 呼吸: People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢. * She's still breathing, ie still alive. 她仍在呼吸（还活着）. * He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train. 他跑着赶上火车以後, 吃力地喘着气.  2 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ in/out; ~ sth (in/out) take (air, etc) into or send (it) out of the lungs 吸入或呼出（空气等）: The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out (again) slowly. 医生叫我吸气然後（再）慢慢地呼出. * It's good to breathe (in) fresh country air instead of city smoke. 呼吸乡间的新鲜空气而不吸入城市的烟尘是有益的.  3 [Tn] say (sth) softly; whisper 轻声说（某事）; 低语: breathe loving words in sb's ear 在某人耳边低语情话 * breathe a threat 低声说出恐吓的话.  4 show that one is full of (a feeling); exude 表示充满（感情）; 流露: The team breathed confidence before the match. 该队在比赛前显得很有信心.  5 (idm 习语) (be able to) breathe (easily/freely) again feel calm or relieved after a period of tension, fear or exertion; relax （在一度紧张、恐惧或努力之後）恢复平静或安下心来; 松口气: Now my debts are paid I can breathe again. 现在我已还清欠债, 可以松口气了. breathe down sb's `neck (infml 口) be close behind sb (eg in a race); watch sb (too) closely 随後紧跟某人（如赛跑中）; 紧紧盯住（某人）: I can't concentrate with you breathing down my neck. 你这样紧紧盯着我, 使我精神无法集中. (not) breathe a `word (of/about sth) (to sb) (not) tell sb sth (esp a secret); (not) reveal sth to sb （不）告诉某人某事（尤指秘密）; （不）向某人透露某事: Promise me you won't breathe a word of this to anyone. 答应我别将此事泄漏给任何人. breathe one's `last (fml euph 文, 婉) die 断气.  6 (phr v) breathe sth into sb/sth fill (a person or group) with (a feeling) 使（某人或团体）充满（某种感情）: The new manager has breathed fresh life into (ie revitalized) the company. 新经理给公司带来了朝气./ˈbriːðə(r); `briðɚ/ n (infml 口)  1 short pause for rest 短时间的休息: take/have a breather 休息一下.  2 short period to refresh oneself in the open air （为提神而到户外的）短暂活动: I must go out for a quick breather. 我得出去换换脑子了.n [U] action of breathing 呼吸: heavy breathing 深沉的呼吸 * [attrib 作定语] breathing apparatus 呼吸器.n [C, U] time to rest between periods of effort; pause 歇口气的时间; 暂停: The summer holidays gave us a welcome breathing-space. 暑假给了我们一段愉快的歇夏时间./ˈbreθlɪs; `brɛθlɪs/ adj  1 (a) breathing quickly or with difficulty; panting 呼吸急促或困难的; 气喘吁吁的: breathless after running up the stairs 跑上楼梯後气喘吁吁的 * Heavy smoking makes him breathless. 吸烟过多使他气喘. (b) causing one to be breathless; strenuous 引起气喘的; 费力的: breathless haste/hurry/pace/speed 赶得使人喘不过气来的仓促[匆忙/步子/速度].  2 (a) [pred 作表语] holding one's breath (because of fear, excitement, etc) （因恐惧、激动等）屏住呼吸: breathless with terror, wonder, amazement, etc 因恐怖、诧异、惊奇等而屏住呼吸. (b) [attrib 作定语] tense; making one hold one's breath 紧张的; 使人屏住呼吸的: a breathless hush in the concert hall 音乐厅内屏息无声.  3 with no air or wind 无空气的; 无风的: a breathless calm 死寂. adv. n [U]./ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ; `brɛθˌtekɪŋ/ adj very exciting; spectacular 非常激动人心的; 壮观的: a breathtaking view, mountain-range, waterfall 壮丽的景色、山脉、瀑布 * Her beauty was breathtaking. 她艳丽动人. adv.adj (-ier, -iest) (of the voice) with a noticeable sound of breathing （指嗓音）带有明显呼吸声音的.pt, pp of breed./briːtʃ; britʃ/ n back part of a gun barrel where the bullet or shell is placed 枪炮的後膛（装子弹或炮弹的地方）: a breech-loading gun 由後膛装弹的枪炮. Cf 参看 muzzle 2.birth in which the baby's buttocks or feet appear first 臀位分娩.n steel block that closes the breech of a gun 枪闩; 炮闩/ˈbrɪtʃɪz; `brɪtʃɪz/ n [pl]  1 short trousers fastened just below the knee, worn esp for horse-riding or as part of ceremonial dress （膝下束紧的）短裤（尤指马裤或礼裤）: a pair of (`knee-)breeches 一条（膝下束紧的）短裤 * `riding breeches 马裤.  2 (joc 谑) trousers 裤子./ˈbriːtʃɪz bɔɪ; `britʃɪz bɔɪ/ n apparatus for rescuing people at sea, consisting of canvas breeches attached to a lifebuoy that runs along a rope between a ship and the shore or between two ships 短裤形救生器./briːd; brid/ v (pt, pp bred/ bred; brZd/)  1 [I] (of animals) produce young （指动物）生育, 繁殖: How often do lions breed? 狮子多长时间产一次仔?  2 [Tn] keep (animals) for the purpose of producing young, esp by selecting the best parents for mating 饲养（动物）（尤指为选种繁殖的）: breed cattle, dogs, horses, etc 养牛、狗、马等.  3 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (as sth) bring up; train; educate 养育; 训练; 教育: a well-bred child 有教养的孩子 * Spartan youths were bred as warriors. 斯巴达青年被培养成战士.  4 [Tn] lead to (sth); cause 导致（某事物）; 造成: Dirt breeds disease. 污秽导致疾病丛生. * Unemployment breeds social unrest. 失业能造成社会不安定.  5 (idm 习语) born and bred => born. familiarity breeds contempt => familiarity.

n  1 family or variety of animals, etc having a similar appearance and usu developed by deliberate selection （动物等的）品种（通常为特意繁殖的）: a breed of cattle, sheep, etc 牛、羊等的品种 * What breed is your dog? 你的狗是什么品种的?  2 type; kind 类型; 种类: a new breed of politician 新式的政治家.n person who breeds animals 饲养员: a dog, horse, cattle, etc breeder 狗、马、牛等的饲养员 * a breeder of racehorses 赛马马匹的饲养员.type of nuclear reactor that produces more radio-active material than is put into it 增殖反应堆.n [U]  1 producing of young by animals （动物的）生育, 繁殖, 生殖: [attrib 作定语] the breeding season 繁殖季节.  2 keeping of animals for breeding （为繁殖）饲养动物: the breeding of horses 马的饲养.  3 (good manners resulting from) training or family background 教养; 有教养的举止: a man of good breeding 有良好教养的人.n  1 place where wild animals go to produce their young （野生动物的）繁殖地: Some birds fly south to find good breeding-grounds. 有些鸟飞到南方去寻找适合产卵的地方.  2 (fig 比喻) place where sth (usu harmful) can develop 某事物（通常指有害事物）的滋生地: Damp, dirty houses are a breeding ground for disease. 房屋潮湿、肮脏可滋生疾病./briːz; briz/ n  1 [C, U] light wind 微风: a sea breeze 海风 * A gentle breeze was blowing. 微风轻吹. * There's not much breeze today. 今天没有什么风.  2 [sing] (infml 口 esp US) thing that is easy to do or enjoy 容易做的事物; 容易享有的事物: Some people think learning to drive is a breeze. 有些人认为不费吹灰之力就可学会开车.  3 [C] (Brit infml 口) noisy quarrel 争吵.  4 (idm 习语) shoot the breeze => shoot1.

v (phr v) breeze along, in, out, etc (infml 口) move in a cheerful carefree way (in the specified direction) （向某方向）飘然移动: Look who's just breezed in! 看, 一阵风把谁刮来啦! * He breezes through life, never worrying about anything. 他生活一帆风顺, 什么事也不用操心./ˈbriːz blɒk; `brizˌblɑk/ (Brit) n lightweight building block made of cinders, sand and cement （煤渣、沙、水泥制成的）一种轻型建筑砌块, 煤渣砌块.n (US) covered, often enclosed, passageway between two buildings （两建筑物之间有顶的, 常为有围墙的）过道./ˈbriːzɪlɪ;`brizɪlɪ/ adv. /ˈbriːzɪnɪs; `brizɪnɪs/ n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) slightly windy 有微风的: a breezy day 和风丽日 * breezy weather 轻风和畅的天气. (b) exposed to breezes 微风吹过的: a breezy corner, beach, hillside 风凉的拐角处、沙滩、山坡.  2 (of a person, his manner, etc) cheerful; light-hearted （指人、举止等）快活的, 轻松愉快的: You're very bright and breezy today! 你今天满面春风啊! /ˈbreðrən; `brɛðrən/ n [pl] (arch except when used of or by certain religious groups 古用语, 现只用于某些宗教团体) brothers （某些宗教团体的）教友./briːv; briv/ n (music 音) long note equal to two semibreves 倍全音符; 二全音符./ˈbriːvɪərɪ; <i>US</i> -ɪerɪ; `brivɪˌɛrɪ/ n book of prayers to be said daily by Roman Catholic priests 日课经（天主教神甫每日祈祷用的书）./ˈbrevətɪ; `brɛvətɪ/ n [U]  1 shortness or briefness (of time) 短暂: the brevity of Mozart's life 莫扎特短暂的一生.  2 conciseness (in speaking or writing) （说话或行文的）简洁: He is famous for the brevity of his speeches. 他以言词简洁着称./bruː; bru/ v  1 [Tn] make (beer) by mixing, boiling and fermenting malt, hops, etc and water 酿造（啤酒）: He brews his own beer at home. 他在家自己酿造啤酒.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) prepare (a hot drink, esp tea) by mixing leaves, etc with boiling water 调制（热饮料, 尤指沏茶）; 冲泡: We brewed (up) a nice pot of tea. 我们沏了一壶好茶. (b) [I] (esp of tea) become brewed （尤指茶）沏着, 冲泡着: There's (a pot of) tea brewing in the kitchen. 厨房里沏了（一壶）茶.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) prepare or plan (sth unpleasant) 图谋, 策划（不愉快的事物）: Those boys are brewing mischief. 那些孩子正在搞恶作剧. * brew (up) a wicked plot 图谋不轨. (b) [I] (of sth unpleasant) grow in force; look likely to happen; develop （指不愉快的事物）形成, 即将发生, 酝酿: A storm is brewing. 暴风雨即将来临. * Trouble is brewing in the trade unions. 工会正酝酿着闹事. * In 1938 war was brewing in Europe. 1938年欧洲酝酿着一场战争.  4 (phr v) brew up (infml 口) prepare a drink of tea 沏茶: campers brewing up outside their tents 在帐篷外烧火沏茶的露营者.

n  1 (a) (amount of) drink made by brewing (esp tea or beer) 酿造或冲泡的饮料（的量）（尤指茶或啤酒）: home brew, ie beer made at home 家酿的饮料（自制的啤酒） * What's your favourite brew (of beer)? 你爱喝什么啤酒? * We'll need more than one brew (eg of tea) for twenty people. 我们二十人不能只沏一份（如茶）. (b) quality or nature of what is brewed （啤酒或茶等的）质量: I like a good strong brew. 我喜欢喝浓的.  2 (fig 比喻) any mixture of circumstances, ideas, events, etc （环境、思想、事件等的）混合物: The film is a rich brew of adventure, sex and comedy. 这部电影是惊险、性爱及幽默的大杂烩.n (Brit infml 口) act of making tea 沏茶: We always have a brew-up at 11 o'clock. 我们总是在11点钟沏茶.n person whose job is brewing beer 啤酒酿造者./ˈbrʊərɪ; `bruərɪ/ n building in which beer is brewed 啤酒厂. Cf 参看 distillery (distiller).= brier./braɪb; braɪb/ n thing given, offered or promised to sb to influence or persuade him to do sth (often dishonest) for the giver 贿赂: take/accept bribes 受贿 * The policeman was offered/given a bribe of 500 to keep his mouth shut. 向该警察行贿500英镑让他闭口不言.

v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (with sth) give a bribe (of sth) to sb; try to persuade sb to do sth with a bribe 用（某事物）向某人行贿; 行贿以说通某人做某事: attempt to bribe a jury with offers of money 试图以金钱贿赂陪审团 * One of the witnesses was bribed to give false evidence. 有个证人受贿而提供伪证. (b) [I] give bribes; practise bribery 行贿.  2 (idm 习语) bribe one's way into/out of sth, past sb, etc get somewhere by using bribery 用行贿手段到达某处或达到某目的: He bribed his way past the guard and escaped. 他买通看守而逃之夭夭了.  3 (phr v) bribe sb into doing sth make sb do sth with a bribe 贿赂某人做某事. bribable/ 5braIbEbl; `braIbEbl/ adj able to be bribed 可受贿的; 可收买的. bribery/ 5braIbErI; `braIbErI/ n [U] giving or taking of bribes 行贿; 受贿: accuse/convict sb of bribery 指控[宣判]某人贿赂./ˈbrɪkəbrk; `brɪkəˌbræk/ n [U] ornaments, trinkets and small items of furniture of little value （不大值钱的）饰物, 小摆设: She collects bric-a-brac. 她爱好搜集小摆设./brɪk; brɪk/ n  1 [C, U] (usu rectangular block of) baked or dried clay used for building （通常指长方形的）砖, 坯: a pile of bricks 一堆砖 * houses built/made of red brick 红砖造的房屋 * [attrib 作定语] a brick wall 砖墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.  2 [C] child's (usu wooden) toy building block 积木.  3 [C] thing shaped like a brick, esp a block of ice-cream 砖形的东西; （尤指）冰激凌.  4 [C] (Brit infml 口) generous or loyal person 慷慨的或忠实的人: She's been a real brick, looking after me while I've been ill. 我病中她一直照看我, 真是个大好人.  5 (idm 习语) bang, etc one's head against a brick wall => head1. drop a brick/clanger => drop2. like a cat on hot bricks => cat1.

v (phr v) brick sth in/up fill in, block or seal (an opening) with bricks 用砖堵住（洞口）: brick up a window/doorway/fireplace to prevent draughts 用砖把窗户[门口/壁炉]堵住以防止进风.n  1 piece of brick, esp one thrown as a weapon 砖头（尤指作武器投掷的）.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) rude or derogatory remark; insult 粗鲁的或贬责的话; 凌辱: The Minister's speech was greeted with brickbats. 部长的演说遭到了抨击.ns (workman trained or skilled in) building with bricks 砌砖盖房; 砖瓦匠.=> bricklayer [C]n [U]  1 (part of a) structure built of bricks 用砖造的建筑物（的部分）: The brickwork in this house is in need of repair. 这所房子的砖造部分需要修理.  2 building with bricks 砌砖工程: Are you any good at brickwork? 你擅长瓦工活儿吗?n place where bricks are made 砖场; 砖厂./ˈbraɪdl; `braɪdl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of a bride or wedding 新娘的; 婚礼的: the bridal party, ie the bride and her attendants and close friends 新娘一方 * a bridal suite, ie a suite of rooms in a hotel for a newly married couple 新婚套间（旅馆中的新婚夫妇用房）./braɪd; braɪd/ n woman on or just before her wedding-day; newly married woman 新娘; 新婚的妇女./ˈbraɪdgrʊm, also -gruːm; `braɪdˌˇrᴜm, -ˇrum/ (also groom) n man on or just before his wedding-day; newly married man 新郎; 新婚的男子: Let's drink (a toast) to the bride and bridegroom! 让我们举杯向新娘和新郎祝贺!/ˈbraɪdzmeɪd; `braɪdzˌmed/ n young woman or girl (usu unmarried and often one of several) attending a bride at her wedding 女傧相; 伴娘. Cf 参看 best man (best1)./brɪdʒ; brɪdʒ/ n  1 structure of wood, iron, concrete, etc, providing a way across a river, road, railway, etc 桥梁: a bridge across the stream 横跨溪流的桥梁 * a railway bridge, ie one for a railway across a river, etc 铁路桥梁（跨越河流等的）. =>illus 见插图.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that provides a connection or contact between two or more things 借以相互联系或接触的事物: Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between nations. 文化交流是国与国之间建立联系的桥梁.  3 raised platform across the deck of a ship, from which it is controlled and navigated by the captain and officers 船桥, 舰桥（船长及高级船员操纵及导航之处）.  4 (a) bony upper part of the nose 鼻梁. (b) part of a pair of glasses that rests on the nose 鼻梁架　　镜上的）. =>illus at glass 见glass之插图.  5 movable piece of wood, etc over which the strings of a violin, etc are stretched 琴马（小提琴等上　弦用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.  6 device for keeping false teeth in place, fastened to natural teeth on each side 齿桥（固定假牙用者）.  7 (idm 习语) burn one's boats/bridges => burn2. cross one's bridges when one comes to them => cross2. a lot of/much water has flowed, etc under the bridge => water1. water under the bridge => water1.

v  1 [Tn] build or form a bridge over (sth) 在（某事物）上架桥: bridge a river, canal, ravine, etc 在河流、运河、深谷等上面架桥.  2 (idm 习语) bridge a/the `gap (a) fill an awkward or empty space 填补尴尬的或空白的间隙: bridge a gap in the conversation 不使谈话冷场 * A snack in the afternoon bridges the gap between lunch and supper. 在午餐和晚餐之间, 下午吃些点心补充一下. (b) reduce the distance (between widely contrasting groups) 缩短（悬殊的）距离: How can we bridge the gap between rich and poor? 怎样才能缩小贫富之间的差距?

/brɪdʒ; brɪdʒ/ n [U] card-game for four players developed from whist, in which one player's cards are exposed on the table and played by his partner 桥牌.n area captured and fortified in enemy territory, esp on the enemy's side of a river （敌占区内的）桥头堡. Cf 参看 beach-head (beach).loan given (esp by a bank) for the period between two transactions, eg between buying a new house and selling the old one （尤指银行的）临时贷款（如于买新房卖旧房之间）./ˈbraɪdl; `braɪdl/ n part of a horse's harness that goes on its head, including the metal bit for the mouth, the straps and the reins 马勒（包括衔铁、笼头、缰绳）.

v  1 [Tn] put a bridle on (a horse) 给（马）装马勒.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) keep (feelings, etc) under control; restrain 控制（感情等）; 约束: bridle one's emotions/passions/temper/rage 控制[感情/热情/脾气/怒气] * bridle one's tongue, ie be careful what one says 说话谨慎. Cf 参看 unbridled.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) show anger, resentment, etc (because of sth), esp by drawing one's head up or back （因某事物）表示愤怒、不满等（尤指作昂首或收颔状）: He bridled (with anger) at her offensive remarks. 他听了她无礼的话（愤怒得）扬起头来.n path suitable for horse-riding, but not for cars, etc 马道（适宜骑马而不通行汽车的路）./briː; bri/ n [U] type of soft French cheese 布里乾酪（一种柔软的法国乾酪）./briːf; brif/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) lasting only a short time; short 时间短暂的; 简短的: a brief conver-sation, discussion, meeting, visit, delay 短暂的谈话、讨论、会议、访问、耽搁 * Mozart's life was brief. 莫扎特的一生是短暂的. (b) (of speech or writing) using few words; concise （指说话或写作）简短的; 简洁的: a brief account, report, description, etc of the accident 对事故简短的叙述、报道、描述 * Please be brief, ie say what you want to say quickly. 请简断截说.  2 (of clothes) short; scanty （指衣着）短的, 刚刚够大的: a brief bikini 短小的比基尼游泳衣.  3 (idm 习语) in brief in a few words 简言之: In brief, your work is bad. 总之, 你做得不好.

/briːf; brif/ n  1 (a) summary of the facts of a legal case prepared for a barrister （为讼务律师准备的）案情摘要. (b) case given to a barrister （给讼务律师承办的）案件: Will you accept this brief? 你接受这个案件吗?  2 instructions and information relating to a particular situation, job, or task （对某情况、工作或任务的）指示和资料: stick to one's brief, ie only do what one is required to do 照章办事（仅做分内的事） * It's not part of my brief to train new employees. 训练新雇员不是我工作范围以内的事.  3 (idm 习语) hold no brief for (sb/sth) not wish to support or be in favour of (sb/sth) 不支持, 不赞成（某人[某事物]）: I hold no brief for those who say that violence can be justified. 我不赞成人们说有时使用暴力是合乎情理的.

v  1 [Tn, Tnt] give a brief2(1a) to (sb) 将案件委托（某人）: The company has briefed a top lawyer to defend it. 公司已将案件委托给最好的律师进行辩护.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) give sb detailed information or instructions in advance (about sth) 事先给某人详细介绍或指示（某事物）: The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the meeting. 首相在会议前已掌握了详尽资料. * The Air Commodore briefed the bomber crew on their dangerous mission. 空军准将向轰炸机机组下达执行危险任务的各项指示. Cf 参看 debrief. briefing n [C, U] detailed instructions and information given at a meeting (esp before a military operation) （会议上作的）详细指示和介绍; （尤指军事行动前的）会议部署: receive (a) thorough briefing 听取详细指示 * [attrib 作定语] a briefing session 任务布置会./ˈbriːfkeɪs; `brifˌkes/ n flat leather or plastic case for carrying documents （扁平的、皮革或塑料的）公事包. =>illus at luggage 见luggage之插图.adv  1 for a short time 短暂地: He paused briefly before continuing. 他停了片刻又继续进行.  2 in a few words 简单地说: Briefly, you're fired! 一句话, 你被解雇了!/briːfs; brifs/ n [pl] short close-fitting pants or knickers （贴身的）短内裤: a new pair of briefs 一条新的三角裤./ˈbraɪə(r); `braɪɚ/ n  1 thorny bush; wild rose 荆棘; 野玫块.  2 bush with a hard woody root used for making tobacco-pipes 欧石南（其坚硬木质根部可制作烟斗）.  3 tobacco-pipe made from this （用欧石南根制成的）烟斗./brɪg; brɪˇ/ n  1 sailing-ship with two masts and square sails 方帆双桅船.  2 (US) prison, esp one on a warship for members of the Navy 禁闭室（尤指军舰上关押海军人员的）./brɪˈgeɪd; brɪ`ˇed/ n  1 army unit, usu of three battalions, forming part of a division 旅（陆军的编制单位）.  2 group of people, esp one organized for a particular purpose 队, 组（尤指为某特殊目的而组织的）: the fire brigade 消防队 * (joc 谑) He's joined the bowler-hatted brigade working in the City. 他已跻身于那帮戴常礼帽的人的行列, 在伦敦商业区工作./ˌbrɪgəˈdɪə(r); ˌbrɪˇə`dɪr/ n officer in the British Army between the ranks of colonel and major general, commanding a brigade; staff officer having similar status （英国陆军）准将, 旅长; （相当于该地位的）参谋长. =>App 9 见附录9./ˈbrɪgənd; `brɪˇənd/ n (dated 旧) member of a band of robbers, esp one attacking travellers in forests and mountains 强盗, 土匪（尤指在山林中抢劫旅客的）./ˈbrɪgəntiːn; `brɪˇənˌtin/ n sailing-ship like a brig, but with fewer sails 双桅帆船./braɪt; braɪt/ adj (-er, -est)  1 giving out or reflecting much light; shining 发光的; 反光的; 明亮的: bright sunshine 灿烂的阳光 * bright eyes 明亮的眼睛 * Tomorrow's weather will be cloudy with bright periods. 明天的天气多云、间中有阳光.  2 (of a colour) intense; bold; vivid （指颜色）鲜艳的, 鲜明的, 醒目的: a bright blue dress 宝蓝色的连衣裙 * The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring. 春天树上的叶子是翠绿的.  3 promising; hopeful 光明的; 有希望的: a child with a bright future 有前途的孩子 * Prospects for the coming year look bright. 来年前景看来很有希望.  4 cheerful and lively 愉快的; 活泼的: She has a bright personality. 她个性爽朗.  5 clever; intelligent 伶俐的; 聪明的; 有智慧的: a bright idea/suggestion 高明的见解[建议] * He is the brightest (child) in the class. 他是班里最聪明的（孩子）.  6 (idm 习语) (be/get up) bright and `early very early in the morning 一大早; 大清早: You're (up) bright and early today! 你今天真早哇! (as) bright as a `button very clever; quick-witted 聪敏的; 伶俐的; 机灵的. the bright `lights (excitement of) city life 都市生活（的丰富多彩）: He grew up in the country, but then found he preferred the bright lights. 他在乡村长大, 但後来觉得很喜欢繁华的都市生活. a bright `spark (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) lively and intelligent person (esp one who is young and promising) 活泼而聪明的人（尤指有为的年轻人）: Some bright spark has left the tap running all night. 哪个小淘气干的聪明事, 让水龙头开了一夜. look on the `bright side find sth to be cheerful or hopeful about in spite of difficulties 在困境中看到事物光明的一面.

adv brightly 光明地: The stars were shining bright. 星光灿烂./ˈbraɪtn; `braɪtn/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth/sb to) become brighter, more cheerful or more hopeful （使某人[某事物]）焕发光彩, 更愉快, 更有希望: The sky/weather is brightening. 天空[天气]转晴. * He brightened (up) when he heard the good news. 他听到这个好消息时喜形于色. * Flowers brighten (up) a room. 房间里有了花显得满室生辉.adv: a brightly lit room 照得明亮的房间 * brightly coloured curtains 颜色鲜艳的窗帘.n [U]./brɪl; brɪl/ n flat-fish like a turbot 菱　./ˈbrɪlɪəns; `brɪljəns/, brilliancy / 5brIlIEnsI; `brIljEnsI/ ns [U]. /ˈbrɪlɪənt; `brɪljənt/ adj  1 very bright; sparkling 非常明亮的; 光辉夺目的: brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光 * a brilliant diamond 耀眼的钻石 * a sky of brilliant blue 蔚蓝色的天空.  2 (a) very intelligent; highly skilled or talented 极聪明的; 技艺精湛的; 才华横溢的: a brilliant scientist, musician, footballer, etc 卓越的科学家、音乐家、足球运动员等 * She has a brilliant mind. 她头脑敏锐. (b) causing admiration; outstanding; exceptional 令人钦佩的; 杰出的; 非凡的: a brilliant achievement, exploit, career, performance, etc 非凡的成就、功绩、事业、表演等 * The play was a brilliant success. 这出戏是一大成功. /ˈbrɪlɪəntiːn; `brɪljənˌtin/ n [U] oily substance used to make men's hair shiny and smooth （男用）润发油.adv./brɪm; brɪm/ n  1 top edge of a cup, bowl, glass, etc （杯口、碗口等的）边, 边缘: full to the brim 满到边缘.  2 projecting edge of a hat, that gives shade and protection against rain 帽檐. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图.

v (-mm-)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be or become full to the brim 注满: a mug brimming with coffee 注满咖啡的大缸子 * eyes brimming with tears 盈盈泪眼 * (fig 比喻) The team were brimming with confidence before the match. 这个队在比赛前充满了信心.  2 (phr v) brim over (with sth) overflow 溢出: a glass brimming over with water 溢出水的玻璃杯 * (fig 比喻) brim over with excitement, happiness, joy, etc 洋溢着兴奋、幸福、欢乐等./ˌbrɪmˈfʊl; `brɪm`fᴜl/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of/with sth) full to the brim (with sth) （某物）满到边缘: The basin was brim-full (of water). 盆（里的水）已经满到边了. * (fig 比喻) Our new manager is,brimful of `energy. 我们的新经理精力十分充沛./ˈbrɪmstəʊn; `brɪmˌston/ n [U] (arch 古)  1 sulphur 硫磺.  2 (idm 习语) fire and brimstone => fire1./ˈbrɪndld; `brɪndld/ adj (esp of cows, dogs and cats) brown with streaks of another colour （尤指牛、狗、猫）棕色的并夹杂其他颜色之斑纹的./braɪn; braɪn/ n [U]  1 very salty water used esp for pickling 盐水（尤作腌泡用的）: herrings pickled in brine 盐水腌过的鲱鱼.  2 sea-water 海水./brɪŋ; brɪŋ/ v (pt, pp brought/ brR:t; brRt/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with one); ~ sth (for sb) come carrying sth or accompanied by sb 带着某物或某人来: He always brings a bottle of wine (with him) when he comes to dinner. 他来吃饭时总是（随身）带来一瓶酒. * She brought her boyfriend to the party. 她带着男朋友来参加聚会. * The secretary brought him into the room/brought him in. 秘书带着他进入室内. * (fig 比喻) The team's new manager brings ten years' experience to the job. 该队新来的负责人有十年的工作经验. * Take this empty box away and bring me a full one. 把这个空盒子拿走, 给我拿个满的来. * Bring me a glass of water/Bring a glass of water for me. 给我拿一杯水来.  2 (a) [Tn] result in (sth); cause; produce 导致（某事物）; 引起; 产生: These pills bring relief from pain. 这些药丸可以止痛. * Spring brings warm weather and flowers. 随着春天的到来, 天气和暖, 百花盛开. * The revolution brought many changes. 这场革命带来了许多变化. * The sad news brought tears to his eyes, ie made him cry. 他得知这一不幸的消息, 眼泪夺眶而出. (b) [Tn, Dn.n] produce (sth) as profit or income 产生, 创造（某事物）作为利润或收入: His writing brings him 10000 a year. 他的作品给他带来一年10000英镑的收入. * Her great wealth brought her no happiness. 她的巨大财富并未给她带来幸福.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth cause sb/sth to be in a certain state or position 使某人[某事物]处于某种情况或境地: His incompetence has brought the company to the brink of bankruptcy. 他很无能, 公司已因而濒于破产.  4 [Cn.g] cause (sb) to move in the way specified 使（某人）按某方式移动: The full-back brought him crashing to the ground, ie caused him to fall heavily. 後卫把他　倒在地. * Her cries brought the neighbours running, ie caused them to come running to her. 她大声喊叫, 邻居闻声朝她跑来.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) put forward (charges, etc) in a lawcourt 向法庭提起（诉讼等）: bring a charge/a legal action/an accusation against sb 指控[起诉/控告]某人.  6 [Cn.t] force or make (oneself) do sth 强迫或促使（自己）做某事: She could not bringhelp (two people or groups) to end a quarrel; reconcile 促使（争执双方）和解; 使和好: The loss of their son brought the parents together. 夫妻双方因失去儿子而言归于好.(a) (in football) cause sb to fall over by fouling him （足球）犯规使某人跌倒: He was brought down in the penalty area. 他在罚球区被对方撞倒. (b) (in Rugby) tackle sb （橄榄球）挡住对方带球跑的队员. (c) cause the defeat of sb; overthrow sb 使某人失败; 打倒某人: The scandal may bring down the government. 这一丑闻可能导致政府垮台. bring sth down (a) cause (an aircraft) to fall out of the sky 使（飞行器）从空中落下: bring down an enemy fighter 击落敌人一架战斗机. (b) land (an aircraft) 使（飞行器）着陆: The pilot brought his crippled plane down in a field. 驾驶员把失灵的飞机降落在田地里. (c) cause (an animal or a bird) to fall over or fall out of the sky by killing or wounding it 打死或打伤（禽兽）: He aimed, fired and brought down the antelope. 他瞄准羚羊射击, 把它打倒了. (d) lower or reduce sth 降低或减少某事物: bring down prices, the rate of inflation, the cost of living, etc 降低价格、通货膨胀率、生活费用等. (e) (mathematics 数) transfer (a digit) from one part of a sum to another 将（数字）移下.(a) (of the police) bring sb to a police station to be questioned or charged; arrest sb （指警察）将某人抓进警察局去盘问或起诉; 逮捕某人: Two suspicious characters were brought in. 逮捕了两名嫌疑犯. (b) introduce sb as an adviser, a helper, etc 介绍某人充当顾问、助手等: Experts were brought in to advise the Government. 请来了专家担当政府顾问. bring sth in (a) pick and gather (crops, fruit, etc) 摘取并收集（作物、水果等）: bring in a good harvest 获得好收成. (b) introduce (legislation) 提出（议案）: bring in a bill to improve road safety 提出改善道路安全的法案. (c) pronounce (a verdict on an accused person) 宣布（对被告的裁决）: The jury brought in a verdict of guilty. 陪审团裁断被告有罪. bring (sb) in sth produce (an amount) as profit or income (for sb) （使某人）获得（某数额）作为利润或收入: His freelance work brings (him) in 5000 a year. 他从事自由职业每年可获5000英镑. * He does odd jobs that bring him in about 30 a week. 他做零工每周可赚约30英镑. bring sb in (on sth) allow sb to participate in sth 让某人参与某事: Local residents were angry at not being brought in on (ie not being consulted about) the new housing scheme. 新的房屋计划未徵询当地居民的意见, 他们感到非常气愤.rescue sb from a ship 从船上救出某人: The passengers and crew were brought off by the Dover lifeboat. 乘客及船员都被多佛尔的救生艇救出. bring sth off (infml 口) manage to do (sth difficult) successfully 设法把（困难的事情）做成功: The goalkeeper brought off a superb save. 守门员漂亮地救出了险球. * It was a difficult task, but we brought it off. 那工作很困难, 但是我们圆满完成了.help (a learner, etc) to develop or improve 帮助（学习者等）进步或提高: The coach is bringing on some promising youngsters in the reserve team. 教练正在帮助後备队中有前途的年轻人提高技术. bring sth on (a) lead to, result in or cause sth 导致、造成或引起某事物: He was out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold. 他在外面淋了一天雨, 因此患了重感冒. * nervous tension brought on by overwork 因劳累过度所造成的神经紧张. (b) cause (crops, fruit, etc) to grow rapidly 促使（作物、水果等）迅速生长: The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. 因天气热小麦长势良好. bring sth on oneself/sb cause sth (usu unpleasant) to happen to oneself/sb else 使（通常为不愉快的）某事发生在自己[别人]身上: You have brought shame and disgrace on yourself and your family. 你给你本人和家庭带来了耻辱.(a) cause sb to strike 使某人罢工: The shop-stewards brought out the miners. 工人代表发动矿工罢工. (b) cause sb to lose his shyness 使某人消除羞怯心理: She's nice  but needs a lot of bringing out. 她很不错, 但尚需多加克服羞怯心理. bring sth out (a) cause sth to appear or open 使某事物出现或开放: The sunshine will bring out the blossom. 阳光将使花朵开放. (b) produce sth; publish sth 生产某物; 出版某物: The company is bringing out a new sports car. 公司正在生产一种新跑车. * bring out sb's latest novel 出版某人最新小说 * New personal computers are brought out almost daily. 几乎每天都能生产出新的私人计算机. (c) show sth clearly; reveal sth 清楚地显示出某事物; 揭示出某事物: The enlargement brings out the details in the photograph. 照片放大後细微之处都很清楚. (d) make sth clear or explicit 使某事物清楚或明白; 说明; 阐明: bring out the meaning of a poem 揭示一首诗的意义. (e) cause (a quality) to be seen in sb; elicit sth 使某人的（品质）显现; 引出某物: A crisis brings out the best in her. 在紧急关头看出了她的优秀品质. bring sb out in sth cause sb to be covered in sth 使某人浑身都有某事物: The heat brought him out in a rash. 因气温很高, 他浑身长了皮疹.(to...) cause sb to come to a place from overseas 使某人从海外来到某地: Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from the States. 他希望明年夏天把他一家人从美国接来. bring sb over (to sth) make sb change his way of thinking, loyalties, etc 使某人 改变思想方法、信念等: bring sb over to one's cause 把某人争取到己方.cause sb to regain consciousness after fainting 使某人恢复知觉: Three women fainted in the heat but were quickly brought round with brandy. 有三个女子中暑昏倒, 全靠白兰地使她们很快苏醒过来了. bring sth round (nautical 海) make (a boat) face in the opposite direction 使（船）掉头. bring sb round/around (to...) cause sb to come to sb's house 使某人来串门: Do bring your wife round one evening; we'd love to meet her. 哪天晚上把你妻子带来, 我们都想见见她. bring sb round (to sth) convert sb, esp to one's point of view 改变某人的观点（尤指使之与自己一致）: He wasn't keen on the plan, but we managed to bring him round. 他本来不太喜欢这个计划, 但我们设法把他说服了. bring sth round to sth direct (a conversation) to a particular subject 把（话题）转移到某事物上: He brought the discussion round to football. 他把讨论的话题转到足球上去了.help sb to recover; save sb 促使某人痊愈; 拯救某人: He was very ill, but the doctors brought him through. 他病得很厉害, 但经医生治疗他已转危为安.= bring sb round. bring sb under control; subdue sb 控制某人; 制服某人: The rebels were quickly brought under. 叛乱者很快被制服了. bring sth under sth include sth within a category 将某事物纳入某一范畴; 归类: The points to be discussed can be brought under three main headings. 所论各点可以归为三个主要方面.(a) (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) raise, rear or educate sb 培养, 养育或教育某人: She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子. * Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她出生後不久父母双亡, 是由姑母抚养大的. * a well-/badly-brought up child 有教养的[教养不良的]孩子 * He was brought up to (ie taught as a child to) respect authority. 他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育. Cf 参看 upbringing. (b) (law 律) cause sb to appear for trial 使某人出庭受审: He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving. 他被控醉後开车而出庭受审. (c) cause sb to stop moving or speaking suddenly 使某人突然停止移动或谈话: His remark brought me up short/sharp/with a jerk. 他的话我听後一下子楞住了. bring sb/sth up move or call (soldiers, guns, etc) to the front line 把（士兵、枪炮等）调往前线: We need to bring up more tanks. 我们需要多调些坦克到前线. bring sth up (a) vomit sth 呕吐某物: bring up one's lunch 吐出午饭吃的食物. (b) call attention to sth; raise sth 使注意某事物; 提出某事物: These are matters that you can bring up in committee. 这些事你可以在委员会上提出. bring sb up against sth make sb face or confront sth 使某人面临或面对某事物: Working in the slums brought her up against the realities of poverty. 她在贫民区工作, 使她正视贫困的现实. bring sb/sth up to sth bring sb/sth to (an acceptable level or standard) 使某人[某事物]达到（认可的水平或标准）: His work in maths needs to be brought up to the standard of the others. 他的数学功课需要赶上别人的水平.(a) return sb/sth 送回某人[某事物]: Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请明天把书送回来. * He brought me back (ie gave me a lift home) in his car. 他用汽车把我送回家. bring sth back (a) restore or reintroduce sth 恢复某事物: MPs voted against bringing back the death penalty. 下议院议员投票反对恢复死刑. (b) call sth to mind 回想起某事物: The old photograph brought back many memories. 这张旧照片引起许多回忆. bring sb back sth return with sth for sb 为某人带回某物: If you're going to the shops, could you bring me back some cigarettes? 你要是到商店去, 可以给我捎些香烟来吗? bring sb back to sth restore sb to sth 使某人恢复某事物: A week by the sea brought her back to health. 她待在海滨一周後恢复了健康.present sb/sth for discussion, decision or judgement 将某人[某事物]提交讨论或裁决: The matter will be brought before the committee. 此事将提交委员会讨论. * He was brought before the court and found guilty. 他出庭受审并被裁决有罪.(fml 文) produce sth 产生某事物: Trees bring forth fruit. 树木能结出果实.(a) move sth to an earlier time; advance sth 将某事物提前: The meeting has been brought forward from 10 May to 3 May. 会议已由5月10日提前到5月3日召开. (b) (in bookkeeping) transfer (the total of a column of figures) to the next column （簿记）将（一列数字的总数）转到下一列: A credit balance of 50 was brought forward from his September account. 贷方余额50英镑是从他九月份的帐上转来的. (c) propose or present sth for discussion; raise sth 将某事提交讨论; 提出某事: matters brought forward from the last meeting 上次会议提出来的事项.(nautical 海) make (a boat) stop 使（船）停下.(Brit) sale, often for charity, at which people bring items for sale and buy those brought by others 义卖（常为慈善性质, 人们自携物品进行交易）./brɪŋk; brɪŋk/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) edge at the top of a steep high place, eg a cliff （陡峭处, 如峭壁顶端的）边缘: the brink of a precipice 悬崖的边缘. (b) edge of a stretch of (usu deep) water 深渊的边缘: He stood shivering on the brink, waiting to dive in. 他站在边上等待跳水时浑身发抖.  2 [sing] the ~ of sth (fig 比喻) point or state very close to sth unknown, dangerous or exciting （未知的、危险的或刺激性事物的）边缘: on the brink of death, war, disaster, success 在死亡、战争、灾难、成功的边缘 * Scientists are on the brink of (making) a breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 科学家们在治疗癌症方面即将获得重大突破. * His incompetence has brought us to the brink of ruin. 他很无能已导致我们濒临绝境./ˈbrɪŋkmənʃɪp; `brɪŋkmənˌʃɪp/ n [U] art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety, eg to the brink of war 边缘政策（将危险的政策推到极限, 如战争的边缘）.adj salty 咸的. the briny n [sing] (dated joc 旧, 谑) the sea 海: take a dip in the briny 到海里小游片刻.

=> brine./ˈbriːɒʃ; <i>US</i> ˈbriːəʊʃ; `brioʃ/ n small round sweetened bread roll 奶油圆蛋糕./brɪˈket; brɪ`kɛt/ n small block of compressed coal-dust used as fuel 煤砖, 煤饼, 煤球（煤渣压制成的燃料）./brɪsk; brɪsk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 quick; active; energetic 敏捷的; 活泼的; 精神饱满的: a brisk walk, walker 轻快的散步、走路轻快的人 * at a brisk pace 以轻快的步伐 * a brisk and efficient manner 胜任愉快的样子 * Business is brisk today. 今天生意兴隆.  2 giving a healthy feeling; refreshing 令人爽快的; 清新的: a brisk breeze 清新的微风. /ˈbrɪskɪt; `brɪskɪt/ n [U] meat (usu beef) cut from the breast of an animal （动物的）胸肉（通常指牛肉）.adv. n [U]./ˈbrɪsl; `brɪsl/ n  1 short stiff hair 短而硬的毛发: a face covered with bristles 满脸胡楂儿.  2 one of the short stiff hairs in a brush 刷子毛: My toothbrush is losing its bristles. 我的牙刷掉毛.

v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an animal's fur) stand up stiffly in fear or anger （指动物的毛）竖起（因惧怕或发怒）: The dog's fur bristled as it sensed danger. 那狗觉察到危险时, 毛都竖立起来了.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) show anger, indignation, etc 显出愤怒、愤慨等: bristle with defiance, pride, etc 充溢着蔑视、傲慢等 * She bristled (with rage) at his rude remarks. 她听了他粗鲁的话怒不可遏.  3 (phr v) bristle with sth be thickly covered with sth; have a large number of sth (usu unpleasant) 覆盖着很厚的或很密的某物; 有大量的某事物（通常指坏的）: trenches bristling with machine-guns 布满机枪的战壕 * The problem bristles with difficulties. 此问题困难重重./ˈbrɪslɪ; `brɪslɪ/ adj like or full of bristles; prickly; rough 如刚毛的; 多硬毛的; 有剌的; 粗糙的: a bristly chin 长满胡楂儿的下巴 * She finds his beard too bristly. 她觉得他的胡须太扎人./brɪt; brɪt/ n (esp joc or derog 尤作戏谑语或作贬义) British person 英国人./ˈbrɪtn; `brɪtn/ n = Great Britain (great). =>Usage at great 用法见great./brɪˈtænɪk; brɪ`tænɪk/ adj Her/His BritannicMajesty (fml 文) Queen/King of Britain 英国女王[国王/陛下]./ˈbrɪtɪʃ; `brɪtɪʃ/ adj  1 of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) or its inhabitants （大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国的; 英国人民的: a British passport 英国护照 * the British Government 英国政府 * He was born in France but his parents are British. 他出生于法国, 但父母是英国人.  2 (idm 习语) the best of British => best3.English as spoken in the British Isles 英式英语（不列颠群岛的人说的英语）.n (US) native or inhabitant of Britain, esp of England 英国人; （尤指）英格兰人./ˈbrɪtn; `brɪtn/ n native or inhabitant of Britain 英国土著或居民. =>Usage at great 用法见great./ˈbrɪtl; `brɪtl/ adj  1 (a) hard but easily broken; fragile 硬而易碎的; 脆弱的: as brittle as thin glass 如薄玻璃一样容易破碎. (b) (fig 比喻) easily damaged; insecure 容易损坏的; 不安全的: He has a brittle temper, ie loses his temper easily. 他脾气急. * Constant stress has made our nerves brittle. 我们长期处于紧张状态, 神经已吃不消了.  2 (of a sound) unpleasantly hard and sharp （指声音）尖利的: a brittle laugh 尖利的笑声 * The orchestra was brittle in tone. 管弦乐队演奏的曲调尖利刺耳.  3 (of a person) lacking in warmth; hard （指人）冷淡的, 难相处的: a cold, brittle woman 冷漠、不好接近的女人. n [U]./brəʊtʃ; brotʃ/ v [Tn]  1 make a hole in (a barrel) to draw off the liquid inside; open (a bottle, etc) to use the contents 在（桶）上打眼放出液体; 打开（瓶子等）以使用其中之物: Let's broach another bottle of wine. 我们再打开一瓶酒吧.  2 (fig 比喻) begin a discussion of (a topic) 开始商讨（一议题）: He broached the subject of a loan with his bank manager. 他向银行经理提出贷款问题./brɔːd; brɔd/ adj (-er, -est)  1 large in size from one side to the other; wide 宽的; 阔的; 广的: a broad street, avenue, river, canal, etc 宽阔的街道、林荫道、河流、运河等 * broad shoulders 宽肩膀 * He is tall, broad and muscular. 他身高肩宽, 肌肉发达. Cf 参看 narrow 1, thin 1.  2 (after a phrase expressing measurement 用于表示量度的词组之後) from side to side; in breadth 宽: a river twenty metres broad 一条二十米宽的河.  3 (of land or sea) covering a wide area; extensive （指陆地或海洋）辽阔的, 宽广的: a broad expanse of water 辽阔无际的水面 * The broad plains of the American West. 美国西部辽阔的平原. * (fig 比喻) There is broad support for the Government's policies. 政府的政策得到广泛的拥护.  4 clear; obvious; unmistakable 清楚的; 明显的; 无误的: a broad grin/smile 咧嘴而笑 * The Minister gave a broad hint that she intends to raise taxes. 首相明白地暗示她打算提高税额.  5 [attrib 作定语] general; not detailed 大概的; 不详细的; 粗略的: the broad outline of a plan, proposal, etc 计划、建议等的提纲 * The negotiators reached broad agreement on the main issues. 谈判者在主要问题上基本达成协议. * She's a feminist, in the broadest sense of the word. 她大体上算是一个男女平等主义者.  6 (of ideas, opinions, etc) tolerant; liberal （指思想、意见等）宽宏的, 胸怀开阔的: a man of broad views 豁达大度的人.  7 (of speech) having many of the sounds typical of a particular region （指言语）方言腔调很重的: a broad Yorkshire accent 很重的约克郡口音.  8 indecent; coarse 下流的; 粗俗的: broad humour 粗俗的幽默.  9 (idm 习语) (in) broad `daylight (in) the full light of day （在）光天化日; 大白天: The robbery occurred in broad daylight, in a crowded street. 在拥挤的街道上, 光天化日之下竟发生了抢劫. broad in the `beam (infml 口) (of a person) rather fat round the hips （指人）臀部相当丰满的. it's as ,broad as it's `long (Brit infml 口) it makes no real difference which of two alternatives one chooses 在两者中选择哪一个并无实际分别; 横竖都一样.

/brɔːd; brɔd/ n (US sl 俚) woman 女子.(a) type of bean with large flat edible seeds 蚕豆（植物）. (b) one of these seeds 蚕豆（种子）.group within the Church of England favouring a liberal interpretation of doctrine 广教会派（英国国教中主张不拘泥于教条的派别）.(US) = long jump (long).adj willing to listen to opinions different from one's own; not easily shocked; tolerant愿意听取不同意见的; 心胸开阔的; 度量大的. n [U]./ˈbrɔːdkɑːst; <i>US</i> ˈbrɔːdkæst; `brɔdˌkæst/ v (pt, pp broadcast)  1 (a) [Tn] send out (programmes) by radio or television （用无线电或电视）播送（节目）: broadcast the news, a concert, a football match 播送新闻、音乐演奏、足球比赛. (b) [I] send out radio or television programmes 播送（无线电或电视）节目: The BBC broadcasts all over the world. 英国广播公司向全世界播送节目.  2 [I] speak or appear on radio or television （在无线电或电视上）讲话或出现: He broad-casts on current affairs. 他发表时事广播演说.  3 [Tn] make (sth) widely known 宣布（某事物）: broadcast one's views 表明自己的观点.  4 [I, Tn] sow (seed) by scattering 撒播（种子）.

n radio or television programme （无线电或电视的）广播节目: a party political broadcast, eg before an election 某党派的政治广播节目（如选举前） * a broadcast of a football match 足球比赛的广播节目.n person who broadcasts 广播员: a well-known broadcaster on political/religious affairs 政治[宗教]事务的着名广播员.n [U] sending out programmes on radio or television （无线电或电视节目）广播: work in broadcasting 从事广播工作 * [attrib 作定语] the British Broadcasting Corporation, ie the BBC 英国广播公司./ˈbrɔːdklɒθ; <i>US</i> -klɔːθ; `brɔdˌklɔθ/ n [U] fine cloth of cotton, wool or silk （棉、毛或丝织成的）细布./ˈbrɔːdn; `brɔdn/ v [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (out) (cause sth to) become broader （使某物）加宽; 变宽: He (ie His body) broadened out in his twenties. 他二十多岁时身躯变宽了. * The road broadens (out) after this bend. 经过这一弯处以後, 路就变宽了. * You should broaden your experience by travelling more. 你应该多到各地走走以增广见识./ˈbrɔːdluːm; `brɔdˌlum/ n, adj (carpet) woven in broad widths 织成宽幅的（地毯）.adv  1 in a broad1(4) way 清楚地; 明显地; 无误地: smile/grin broadly 开怀地笑.  2 generally 一般地; 大体上; 概括地: Broadly speaking, I agree with you. 我大体上同意你的意见.n [U] = breadth./ˈbrɔːdʃiːt; `brɔdˌʃit/ n  1 large sheet of paper printed on one side only with information or an advertisement, etc （单面印有信息、广告等的）大张印刷品.  2 newspaper printed on a large size of paper （大幅的）报纸. Cf 参看 tabloid./ˈbrɔːdsaɪd; `brɔdˌsaɪd/ n  1 (a) firing at the same time of all the guns on one side of a warship （战舰一侧的）舷炮齐发: fire a broadside 舷炮轰击. (b) (fig 比喻) fierce attack in words, either written or spoken （口头或书面的）猛烈抨击: The Prime Minister delivered a broadside at her critics. 首相对批评她的人进行了猛烈抨击.  2 side of a ship above the water （水面以上的）舷侧.  3 (idm 习语) broadside `on (to sth) (of a ship) with one side facing (sth); sideways on （指船）以侧面对着（某物）: The ship hit the harbour wall broadside on. 这条船的侧面碰撞了港口岸壁.n (formerly) large sword with a broad blade, used for cutting rather than stabbing （旧时）（宽刃的）大砍刀./brəˈkeɪd; bro`ked/ n [C, U] fabric woven with a raised pattern, esp of gold or silver threads 浮花锦缎（尤指有金丝或银丝的）: [attrib 作定语] brocade curtains 织锦帘子.

v [Tn] decorate (cloth) with raised patterns （织物上）织出浮花: a dress brocaded with floral designs 织有花卉图案的连衣裙./ˈbrɒkəlɪ; `brɑkəlɪ/ n [U] type of cauliflower with many small greenish flower-heads, eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜; 花茎甘蓝. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图./ˈbrəʊʃə(r); <i>US</i> brəʊˈʃʊər; bro`ʃᴜr/ n booklet or pamphlet containing information about sth or advertising sth （作介绍或宣传用的）小册子: a travel/holiday brochure 旅游[度假]指南./ˌbrəʊdrɪ ɒːŋˈgleɪz; bro`drɪ ɑŋ`ˇlez/ n [U] open embroidery on white linen, etc; cloth embroidered in this way 英格兰刺绣（在白亚麻布等上的剌绣）; 有英格兰剌绣的织物./brəʊg; broˇ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) strong outdoor shoe with thick soles and a pattern in the leather （户外穿的结实的厚底）镂花皮鞋: a pair of brogues 一双镂花皮鞋.

/brəʊg; broˇ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) strong regional accent, esp the Irish way of speaking English 土腔（尤指爱尔兰人说英语的腔调）: a soft Irish brogue 柔和的爱尔兰土腔. Cf 参看 accent 3, dialect./brɔɪl; brɔɪl/ v  1 (esp US) (a) [Tn] cook (meat) on a fire or gridiron; grill （在火上或铁架上）烧烤（肉类）; 炙: broil a chicken 烤鸡. (b) [I] be cooked in this way 烧; 烤.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) be or become very hot （使某人感到）极热: sit broiling in the sun 坐在阳光下曝晒 * a broiling day 炎热的一天.n young chicken reared for broiling or roasting （适于烧烤的）嫩鸡: [attrib 作定语] a broiler house, ie a building in which such chickens are kept and reared （饲养此类鸡的）鸡房. Cf 参看 roaster (roast).pt of break1.

/brəʊk; brok/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) having no money; penniless; bankrupt 没有钱; 一个子儿也没有; 破产: Could you lend me 10? I'm completely broke! 你能借给我10英镑吗? 我一个钱也没有!  2 (idm 习语) flat/stony broke (infml 口) completely broke 穷到极点. go for broke (infml 口 esp US) risk everything in one determined attempt at sth 孤注一掷.pp of break1.

/ˈbrəʊkən; `brokən/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not continuous; disturbed or interrupted 中断的; 受打搅的; 受干扰的: broken sleep 断断续续的睡眠 * broken sunshine 时隐时现的阳光.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of a foreign language) spoken imperfectly; not fluent （指外语）蹩脚的, 不流利的: speak in broken English 英语说得不流利.  3 (of land) having an uneven surface; rough （指地面）凹凸不平的, 崎岖的: an area of broken, rocky ground 凹凸不平的、多岩石的地面.  4 [attrib 作定语] (of a person) weakened and exhausted by illness or misfortune （指人）因病或不幸而身心衰竭: He was a broken man after the failure of his business. 他生意失败以後, 整个人一蹶不振.  5 (idm 习语) a broken `reed person who has become unreliable or ineffective 不再可靠的人; 效率变低的人.family in which the parents have divorced or separated 破裂的家庭（双亲离婚或分居）: He comes from a broken home. 他来自一个破裂的家庭.adj in a very bad condition; worn out or sick 状况极坏的; 筋疲力尽的; 有病的: a ,broken-down old `car, `man, `horse 破损的旧汽车、心力交瘁的人、筋疲力尽的马.adj overwhelmed by grief 心碎的; 伤心的; 悲哀的: He was broken-hearted when his wife died. 他在妻子死去时, 肝肠寸断./ˈbrəʊkə(r); `brokɚ/ n  1 person who buys and sells things (eg shares in a business) for others; middleman 经纪人（如替人买卖股票的）; 中间人; 掮客: insurance broker 保险业经纪人.  2 = stockbroker (stock1).  3 official appointed to sell the goods of sb who cannot pay his debts 出售无力偿债者财物的官员./ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ; `brokərɪdʒ/ n [U] broker's fee or commission （中间人的）经手费、佣金或回扣./ˈbrɒlɪ; `brɑlɪ/ n (infml 口 esp Brit) umbrella 伞./ˈbrəʊmaɪd; `bromaɪd/ n  1 [C, U] chemical compound of bromine, used in medicine to calm the nerves 溴化物（用作镇静剂）.  2 [C] (infml 口) old, stale idea or statement 陈腐的想法或言语./ˈbrəʊmiːn; `bromin/ n [U] chemical element, a non-metallic liquid, compounds of which are used in medicine and photography 溴. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈbrɒŋkɪəl; `brɑŋkɪəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or affecting the two main branches of the windpipe (bronchial tubes or bronchi) leading to the lungs 支气管的: bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 * bronchial pneumonia 支气管肺炎. =>illus at respire 见respire之插图./brɒŋˈkɪtɪk; brɑŋ`kɪtɪk/ adj suffering from or prone to bronchitis 患支气管炎的; 易患支气管炎的./brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs; brɑŋ`kaɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the bronchial tubes 支气管炎./ˈbrɒŋkəʊ; `brɑŋko/ n (pl ~s) wild or half-tamed horse of the western US （美国西部的）野马或半驯服的马./ˌbrɒntəˈsɔːrəs; ˌbrɑntə`sɔrəs/ n (pl ~es) large plant-eating dinosaur 雷龙（一种巨大的食草恐龙）./ˌbrɒŋks ˈtʃɪə(r); ˌbrɑŋks `tʃɪr/ (US infml 口) = raspberry 2./brɒnz; brɑnz/ n  1 [U] alloy of copper and tin 青铜（铜与锡的合金）: a statue (cast) in bronze 青铜像.  2 [U] colour of bronze; reddish-brown 青铜色; 赤褐色: tanned a deep shade of bronze 晒成了赤褐色.  3 [C] (a) work of art, eg a statue, made of bronze 青铜制艺术品（如铜像）: a fine collection of bronzes 一批珍藏的青铜制品. (b) = bronze medal.

v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (sth) bronze in colour 使（某物）变成赤褐色: a face bronzed by the sun 被太阳晒成赤褐色的面孔.

adj made of or having the colour of bronze 青铜制成的; 青铜色的: a bronze vase, statue, bowl, axe, etc 青铜制的花瓶、雕像、碗、斧等 * the bronze tints of autumn leaves 秋天树叶的赤褐色.medal awarded as third prize in a competition or race （比赛获第三名奖给的）铜牌, 铜质奖章./brəʊtʃ; brotʃ/ n ornament with a hinged pin and clasp, worn on women's clothes （女子衣物上佩带的）饰针, 胸针./bruːd; brud/ n [C, Gp]  1 all the young birds or other animals produced at one hatching or birth （一窝孵出的）幼鸟; （一次产出的）动物: a hen and her brood (of chicks) 母鸡和它的一窝小鸡.  2 (joc 谑) family of children 一家的孩子: There's Mrs O'Brien taking her brood for a walk. 奥布赖恩太太领着她那群孩子散步呢.

v  1 [I] (of a bird) sit on eggs to hatch them （指鸟）孵雏.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/over sth) think (about sth) for a long time in a troubled or resentful way 忧闷地沉思（某事物）: When he's depressed he sits brooding for hours. 他消沉的时候, 就坐着沉思几小时. * It doesn't help to brood on your mistakes. 对所犯的错误耿耿于怀是无济于事的.n mare kept for breeding 传种母马.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) (of a hen) wanting to brood （指母鸡）要孵卵的. (b) (fig 比喻) (of a woman) badly wanting to have a baby （指妇女）迫切想有个孩子的.  2 (fig 比喻) moody; depressed 沮丧的; 抑郁的: Why are you so broody today? 你今天为什么这样闷闷不乐? /brʊk; brᴜk/ n small stream 小溪.

/brʊk; brᴜk/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) tolerate (sth); allow 忍受（某事物）; 容让: a strict teacher who brooks no nonsense from her pupils 不容学生胡闹的严格的女教师 * I will not brook anyone interfering with my affairs. 我决不让任何人干预我的事./bruːm; brum/ n [U] shrub with yellow or white flowers growing esp on sandy ground 金雀花（多生长于沙地）.abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) Brothers: Hanley Bros Ltd, Architects & Surveyors 汉利兄弟建筑及测量有限公司./brɒθ; <i>US</i> brɔːθ; brɔθ/ n [U]  1 water in which meat, fish or vegetables have been boiled; stock （煮肉、鱼或蔬菜的）清汤; 原汤; 高汤.  2 soup made from this （以上述汤料做的）汤: Scotch broth 苏格兰汤.  3 (idm 习语) too many cooks spoil the broth => cook n./ˈbrɒθl; `brɑθəl/ n house where men pay to have sex with prostitutes 妓院./ˈbrʌðə(r); `brʌðɚ/ n  1 man or boy having the same parents as another person 兄; 弟: my elder/younger brother 我的哥哥[弟弟] * Does she have any brothers or sisters? 她有兄弟姐妹吗? * Have you invited the Smith brothers to the party? 你邀请史密斯兄弟参加宴会了吗? * He was like a brother to me, ie very kind. 他待我像兄弟一样. =>App 8 见附录8.  2 person united with others by belonging to the same group, society, profession, etc 同志; 同人; 同行; 同业; 同事: We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice. 在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志. * [attrib 作定语] He was greatly respected by his brother doctors/officers. 与他共事的医生[军官]对他非常尊敬.  3 (pl brethren/ 5breTrEn;`brZTrEn/) (a) (title of a) member of a religious order, esp a monk （同教会的）教友（的称呼）; （尤指）修士: Brother Luke will say grace. 卢克修士将做感恩祷告. (b) member of certain evangelical Christian sects （基督教某些福音派的）教友: The Brethren hold a prayer meeting every Thursday. 教友每周四举行一次祷告会.  4 (idm 习语) brothers in `arms soldiers serving together, esp in wartime 战友.

interj (esp US) (used to express irritation or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊奇): Oh, brother! 嘿, 好家伙!/ˈbrʌðər ɪn lɔː; `brʌðər ɪn ˌlɔ/ (pl -s-in-law/ 5brQTEz In lR:; `brQTLz In 9lR/)  1 brother of one's husband or wife 大伯子; 小叔子; 内兄; 内弟.  2 husband of one's sister 姐夫; 妹夫.  3 husband of the sister of one's wife or husband 姐夫, 妹夫（妻子或丈夫的姐姐或妹妹的丈夫）. =>App 8 见附录8./-hʊd; -ˌhᴜd/ n  1 [U] (a) relationship of brothers 兄弟的关系: the ties of brotherhood 兄弟间的手足亲情. (b) comradeship; friendship between brothers 同志关系; 兄弟情谊: live in peace and brotherhood 和睦友好地生活.  2 [C, Gp] members of an association formed for a particular purpose, eg a religious society or socialist organization 全体志同道合者（如宗教社团或社会主义组织中的）.n [U].adj of or like a brother 兄弟的; 兄弟般的: brotherly love/affection/feelings 兄弟般的爱[深情/感情]. /ˈbruːəm; `bruəm/ n (formerly) four-wheeled closed carriage drawn by one horse （旧时）（一匹马拉的有车厢的）四轮马车.pt, pp of bring./ˈbruːhɑːhɑː; <i>US</i> ˈbruːhɑːhɑː; `bruhɑhɑ/ n [U] (infml 口) noisy excitement or commotion 喧嚷; 骚动./braʊ; braᴜ/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) = eyebrow.  2 = forehead: mop one's brow 擦前额. =>Usage at body 用法见body.  3 slope leading to the top (of a hill); edge (of a cliff) （山的）坡顶; （悬崖的）边缘: Our car stalled on the brow of a steep hill. 我们的汽车在山顶陡坡处抛锚了.  4 (idm 习语) knit one's `brow(s) => knit./ˈbraʊbiːt; `braᴜˌbit/ v (pt browbeat, pp browbeaten/ 5braUbi:tn; `braJ9bitn/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) frighten sb with stern looks and words; bully ; intimidate （以神情或言语）吓唬某人; 欺侮; 威吓: The judge browbeat the witness. 那法官威吓证人. * I won't be browbeaten into accepting your proposals. 我不会在威迫之下接受你的提议.adj frightened through constant bullying （因不断受欺侮）害怕的: a poor, browbeaten little clerk 可怜的、被吓坏的小职员./braʊn; braᴜn/ adj (-er, -est)  1 having the colour of toasted bread, or coffee mixed with milk 褐色的; 棕色的: brown eyes 棕色的眼睛 * dark brown shoes 深褐色的皮鞋 * leaves turning brown in the autumn 秋天枯黄的树叶.  2 having skin of this colour; sun-tanned 棕色皮肤的; 太阳晒黑的: He's very brown after his summer holiday. 他一暑假皮肤晒得黝黑.  3 (idm 习语) (as) brown as a `berry having skin tanned brown by the sun or the weather 皮肤晒得黝黑的. in a brown `study in deep thought; in a reverie 沉思; 默想; 出神.

n  1 [C, U] brown colour 棕色: leaves of various shades of brown 各种深浅不同的棕色树叶.  2 [U] brown clothes 褐色衣物: Brown doesn't suit you. 你不适合穿褐色衣服.

v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become brown （使某物）变成褐色: Heat the butter until it browns. 把黄油加热, 直到变成褐色为止. * a face browned by the sun 太阳晒黑了的面孔.  2 (idm 习语) browned `off (infml 口 esp Brit) bored; fed up; disheartened 厌烦的; 忍受够了的; 气馁的: He's browned off with his job. 他厌烦他的工作.bread made with wholemeal flour 黑面包.strong coarse paper for wrapping parcels, etc （棕色的粗糙的）包装纸.sugar that is only partly refined 红糖; 黄糖./ˈbraʊnɪ; `braᴜnɪ/ n  1 small good-natured fairy 棕仙（性情善良的小精灵）.  2 Brownie (also Brownie Guide) member of the junior branch of the Guides (who wear brown uniforms) （身着褐色制服的）幼年童子军.  3 (esp US) small rich cake made with chocolate and nuts （带坚果的）巧克力蛋糕.n [U] substance for colouring gravy （调制肉汁的）棕色着色剂.adjs tending towards brown; fairly brown 带褐色的; 近棕色的.n [U] reddish-brown sandstone used for building （建筑用的）褐沙石.=> brownish/braʊz; braᴜz/ v  1 (a) [I] examine books in a casual, leisurely way 随意翻阅书刊; 浏览: browse in a library/bookshop 在图书馆[书店]里浏览书籍. (b) [Ipr] ~ through sth look through (a book, etc) in this way 浏览（书等）: browse through a magazine 浏览杂志.  2 [I] (of cows, goats, etc) feed by nibbling grass, leaves, etc （指牛、羊等）吃（草、树叶等）: cattle browsing in the fields 在田间吃草的牛.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) (act or period of) browsing 浏览: have a browse in a bookshop 在书店浏览一段时间./bruːz; bruz/ n injury caused by a blow to the body or to a fruit, discolouring the skin but not breaking it 挫伤: He was covered in bruises after falling off his bicycle. 他从自行车上跌下来, 满身青一块、紫一块.

v  1 [Tn] cause a bruise or bruises on (sth/sb) 使（某物[某人]）受挫伤: He fell and bruised himself/his leg. 他跌倒後身体[腿]受了挫伤. * Her face was badly bruised in the crash. 她碰得鼻青脸肿.  2 [I] show the effects of a blow or knock 显出击伤或碰伤: Don't drop the peaches  they bruise easily. 桃儿容易碰伤--要轻拿轻放. * (fig 比喻) Don't hurt her feelings  she bruises very easily. 别伤害她的感情--她很娇气.n (infml 口) large strong tough man 彪形大汉: He looks a real bruiser. 他真像个彪形大汉./bruːt; brut/ v (phr v) ~ sth abroad/about (fml or joc 文或谑) spread (a rumour or report) 散布（谣言或传言）: It's been bruited about that... 到处传播... * The news of the impending marriage was bruited abroad. 婚期临近的消息传遍了各处./brʌntʃ; brʌntʃ/ n [C, U] (infml 口 esp US) late morning meal eaten instead of breakfast and lunch 早午餐（早餐和午餐并作一顿吃）./bruːˈnet; bru`nɛt/ n white woman with dark-brown hair and (usu) darkish skin （生有深褐色头发和通常为浅黑色皮肤的）白种女子. Cf 参看 blond./brʌnt; brʌnt/ n (idm 习语) bear the brunt of sth => bear2./brʌʃ; brʌʃ/ n  1 [C] implement with bristles of hair, wire, nylon, etc set in a block of wood, etc and used for scrubbing, sweeping, cleaning, painting, tidying the hair, etc （用鬃毛、金属丝、尼龙等制造的）刷子, 画笔, 毛笔: a `clothes-brush 衣刷 * a `tooth-brush 牙刷 * a `paintbrush 画笔 * a `hairbrush 发刷. =>illus 见插图.  2 [sing] act of brushing 刷: give one's clothes, shoes, teeth, hair a good brush 把自己的衣服、鞋、牙齿、头发好好刷一刷.  3 [sing] light touch (made in passing) （经过时）轻触: He knocked a glass off the table with a brush of his coat/arm. 他的大衣[手臂]把桌上的玻璃杯碰掉了.  4 [C] fox's tail 狐狸尾巴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.  5 [U] land covered by small trees and shrubs; undergrowth 灌木丛地带; 矮树丛: [attrib 作定语] a brush fire 灌木丛火灾.  6 [C] ~ with sb short unfriendly encounter with sb; quarrel 与某人有小冲突; 争吵: a brush with the law/police 轻微的触犯法律[与警方有小冲突] * She had a nasty brush with her boss this morning. 今天早晨她跟老板大吵了一顿.  7 (idm 习语) tarred with the same brush => tar1.

/brʌʃ; brʌʃ/ v  1 [Tn] use a brush on (sb/sth); clean, polish, make tidy or smooth with a brush 用刷子刷（某人[某物]）; 刷乾净; 刷亮; 刷整齐; 刷顺: brush your clothes, shoes, hair, teeth 刷你的衣服、鞋、头发、牙齿.  2 [Cn.a] put (sth) into a particular state with a brush 把（某物）刷成某种状态: brush one's teeth clean 把牙齿刷乾净.  3 [Tn] touch (sb) lightly in passing 经过时触及（某人）: leaves brushing one's cheek 拂着面颊的树叶 * His hand brushed hers. 他的手碰到她的手.  4 (phr v) brush against/by/past sb/sth touch sb/sth lightly while moving close to him/it 接近某人[某物]时轻轻相碰: She brushed past him without saying a word. 她经过时碰了他一下, 一句话也没说. * A cat brushed against her leg in the darkness. 黑暗中, 一只猫蹭着了她的腿. brush sb/sth aside push sb/sth to one side; pay little or no attention to sb/sth 把某人[某事物]推在一边; 漠视某人: The enemy brushed aside our defences. 敌人冲破了我们的防御工事. * He brushed aside my objections to his plan. 我反对他的计划, 他不予理会. brush sth away/off remove sth (from sth) with or as if with a brush （从某事物上）刷去（或好像刷去）某事物: brush mud off (one's trousers) 把（裤子上的）泥土刷掉 * He brushed the fly away (from his face). 他把苍蝇（从脸上）赶走. brush oneself/sth down clean oneself/sth by thorough brushing 把自己[某物]刷乾净: Your coat needs brushing down. It's covered in dust. 你的大衣需要刷乾净, 上面满是灰尘. brush off be removed by brushing 被刷掉: Mud brushes off easily when it's dry. 泥土乾後容易刷掉. brush sb `off (infml 口) refuse to listen to sb; ignore sb 不理会某人; 漠视某人: He's very keen on her but she's always brushing him `off. 他非常喜爱她, 但她总是不理睬他. brush sth up/brush up on sth study or practise sth in order to get back a skill that was lost 重温, 重新练习（已荒疏的技巧）: I must brush up (on) my Italian before I go to Rome. 我去罗马以前必须把意大利语重温一下.n (pl brush-offs) (infml 口) rejection; snub 拒绝; 怠慢: She gave him the brush-off. 她给他来个不理睬.n (pl brush-ups)  1 act of tidying one's appearance 打扮整洁.  2 act of studying to get back former skill 重新学习过去的技能: give one's Spanish a brush-up 重温西班牙语.n [U]  1 broken or cut branches or twigs （折断的或砍下的）树枝.  2 = brush1 5.n [U] particular way in which an artist paints with a brush （画家的）笔法: Picasso's brushwork is particularly fine. 毕加索的笔法精妙绝伦./bruːsk; <i>US</i> brʌsk; brʌsk/ adj (of a person, his manner, etc) rough and abrupt; curt （指人及人的举止等）粗暴和唐突, 无礼的: a brusque attitude 粗鲁的举止 * His reply was brusque. 他的回答很唐突. adv. n [U]./ˈbrʌslz; `brʌslz/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or from Brussels in Belgium 比利时布鲁塞尔的; 从比利时布鲁塞尔来的: Brussels lace/carpets 布鲁塞尔花边[地毯].1 type of cabbage with edible buds like tiny cabbages growing on its stem 汤菜; 抱子甘蓝.  2 (esp pl 尤作复数) one of these buds, eaten as a vegetable 汤菜（可食用的球芽）. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图./ˈbruːtl; `brutl/ adj cruel; savage; merciless 残忍的; 野蛮的; 冷酷无情的: a brutal tyrant, dictator, murderer, etc 残忍的暴君、独裁者、谋杀犯等 * a brutal attack, murder, punishment 野蛮的进攻、谋杀、惩罚.=> brutalize/bruːˈtælətɪ; bru`tælətɪ/ n  1 [U] brutal behaviour; cruelty; savagery 野蛮的行为; 残忍; 野蛮.  2 [C] brutal act 暴行: the brutalities of war 战争的暴行.v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sb) brutal or insensitive 使（某人）变得残酷无情: soldiers brutalized by a long war 因长期战争而变得残忍的士兵./ˈbruːtəlɪ; `brutlɪ/ adv./bruːt; brut/ n  1 animal, esp a large or fierce one 野兽（尤指巨大或凶猛的）: That dog looks a real brute. 那条狗真像一只野兽.  2 (sometimes joc 有时作戏谑语) brutal and insensitive person 残忍及冷酷无情的人: His father was a drunken brute. 他的父亲是个酗酒成性、冷酷无情的人. * You've forgotten my birthday again, you brute! 你真没良心, 又把我的生日忘了!  3 unpleasant or difficult thing 令人不快或难办的事情: a brute of a problem 棘手的问题 * This lock's a brute  it just won't open. 这个锁真讨厌--就是打不开.

adj [attrib 作定语] not involving thought or reason; unthinking 无理性的; 无思想的: brute force/strength 暴力[蛮力].adj of or like a brute 野兽的; 野兽般的: brutish behaviour, manners, etc 野兽般的行为[举止]. adv./ˌbiː ˈes; ˌbi `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (US) Bachelor of Science 理学士.  2 (Brit) Bachelor of Surgery 外科学士: have/be a BS 有外科学士学位[为外科学士] * Tom Hunt MB, BS 汤姆·亨特医学士, 外科学士.  3 (on labels, etc) British Standard (showing the specification number of the British Standards Institution) （标签等上的）英国标准（表明英国标准学会的规格编号）: produced to BS4353 按照英国标准规格编号4353生产的. Cf 参看 AS2./ˌbiː es ˈsiː; ˌbi ɛs `si/ (US BS) abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Science 理学士: have/be a BSc in Botany 有植物学理学士学位[为植物学理学士] * Jill Ayres BSc 吉尔·艾尔斯理学士./ˌbiː es ˈaɪ; ˌbi ɛs `aɪ/ abbr 缩写 = British Standards Institution 英国标准学会./ˌbiː es ˈtiː; ˌbi ɛs `ti/ abbr 缩写 = British Summer Time 英国夏令时间. Cf 参看 GMT.abbr 缩写 = Baronet: James Hyde-Stanley Bt 詹姆士·海德·斯坦利准男爵./ˌbiː tiː ˈeɪ; ˌbi ti `e/ abbr 缩写 = British Tourist Authority 英国旅游管理局.abbr 缩写 = British thermal unit(s) 英国热量单位./ˈbʌbl; `bʌbl/ n  1 floating ball formed of liquid and containing air or gas （液体形成的）气泡: soap bubbles 肥皂泡 * Children love blowing bubbles. 儿童爱吹泡泡.  2 ball of air or gas in a liquid or a solidified liquid such as glass （液体或由液体变成的固体, 如玻璃, 中存留的）气泡: Champagne is full of bubbles. 香槟酒有很多气泡. * This glass vase has a bubble in its base. 这个玻璃花瓶底座里有一个气泡.  3 (idm 习语) prick the bubble => prick2.

v  1 [I] (of a liquid) rise in or form bubbles; boil （指液体）起泡, 沸腾: stew bubbling in the pot 在锅里冒着泡的炖肉.  2 [I] make the sound of bubbles 发出气泡声: a bubbling stream/fountain 汩汩的溪流[泉水].  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (over) (with sth) (fig 比喻) be full of (usu happy) feelings 充满（通常指喜悦的）感情: be bubbling (over) with excitement, enthusiasm, high spirits, etc 充满激动、兴奋、高昂等情绪.  4 (phr v) bubble along, out, over, up, etc move in the specified direction in bubbles or with a bubbling sound 向某方向汩汩地流动: a spring bubbling out of the ground 汩汩冒出地面的泉水 * Gases from deep in the earth bubble up through the lake. 地下深处的气体从湖底冒了出来.cooked cabbage and potato mixed and fried 洋白菜煎土豆.liquid, crystals or powder added to a bath to make it foam and smell pleasant （加进浴水中可产生泡沫和香味的）泡沫液, 泡沫粒, 泡沫粉.chewing-gum that can be blown into bubbles 泡泡糖（可吹成泡泡的口香糖）./ˈbʌblɪ; `bʌblɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 full of bubbles 充满气泡的: bubbly lemonade 泡多的汽水.  2 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) (usu of a woman) lively; vivacious; animated （通常指女子）活泼的, 快活的, 生气勃勃的: a bubbly personality 活泼的个性.  n [U] (infml 口) champagne 香槟酒: Have some more bubbly! 再喝一些香槟酒吧!/bjuːˌbɒnɪk ˈpleɪg; bjuˌbɑnɪk `pleˇ/ (also the plague) contagious, usu fatal, disease spread by rats, causing swellings in the armpits and groin, fever and delirium 腺鼠疫; 腹股沟淋巴结鼠疫./ˌbʌkəˈnɪə(r); ˌbʌkə`nɪr/ n  1 pirate 海盗.  2 unscrupulous and reckless person 肆无忌惮的人./bʌk; bʌk/ n  1 (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变 或作bucks) male deer, hare or rabbit 雄鹿; 雄兔. Cf 参看 stag 1.  2 (US sl derog 俚, 贬) [esp attrib 尤作定语] young Indian or Negro man 年轻的印第安人或黑人.

/bʌk; bʌk/ v  1 (a) [I] (of a horse) jump with the four feet together and the back arched （指马）弓背跳跃. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (off) throw (a rider) to the ground by doing this （马弓背跳跃）将（骑者）摔于地上.  2 [Tn] (US infml 口) resist or oppose (sb/sth) 反抗、反对（某人[某事]）: Don't try to buck the system. 不要反对这个制度.  3 (idm 习语) buck one's i`deas up (infml 口) become more alert; take a more serious and responsible attitude 打起精神; 认真负责.  4 (phr v) buck `up (infml 口) hurry 赶紧; 赶快: Buck up! We're going to be late. 快点儿! 我们快要晚了. buck (sb) up (infml 口) (cause sb to) become more cheerful （使某人）高兴起来, 打起精神来: The good news bucked us all up. 大家听了这个好消息都高兴起来. * Buck up! Things aren't as bad as you think. 打起精神来! 事情并非像你想的那么糟.

/bʌk; bʌk/ n (US infml 口) US dollar 美元. =>App 4 见附录4.

/bʌk; bʌk/ n  1 object formerly placed in front of a player whose turn it was to deal in poker （旧时扑克牌戏中, 轮到某牌手做庄时, 置于其前面的）庄家标志.  2 (idm 习语) the buck stops `here (catchphrase 警语) responsibility or blame is accepted here and cannot be passed on to sb else 责无旁贷（承担责任而不推诿给别人）. pass the buck => pass2.n (pl -teeth) projecting upper front tooth （突出的）上前牙; 獠牙.adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口 esp Brit) pleased and encouraged 高兴; 受鼓舞: She felt really bucked after passing her driving test. 她驾驶测验合格後, 感到很高兴./ˈbʌkɪt; `bʌkɪt/ n  1 round open container with a handle for carrying or holding liquids, sand, etc （带提梁的）圆桶; 提桶: build sandcastles with a bucket and spade 用提桶和铁铲建造沙堆模型城堡. =>illus 见插图.  2 (also `bucketful) amount a bucket contains 一桶的量; 一满桶: two buckets/bucketfuls of water 两桶[满桶]水.  3 scoop of a mechanical shovel, dredger, water-wheel, etc （挖土机、挖泥机上的）铲斗; （水轮机上的）戽斗等.  4 buckets [pl] large amounts (esp of rain or tears) 大量（尤指雨或泪）: The rain came down/fell in buckets. 大雨倾盆而下. * She wept buckets. 她泪如雨下.  5 (idm 习语) a drop in the bucket/ocean => drop1. kick the `bucket => kick1.

v [I, Ip] ~ (down) (of rain) pour down heavily （指雨）倾盆而下: It/The rain bucketed down all afternoon. 瓢泼大雨下了一下午.(in a car or an aircraft) seat with a rounded back, for one person （汽车或飞机上的）凹背单人坐具.n (infml derog 口, 贬) unregistered business, esp one selling cheap airline tickets 无照商号（尤指卖廉价机票的）./ˈbʌkaɪ; `bʌkˌaɪ/ n (US)  1 horse-chestnut tree 七叶树.  2 its shiny reddish-brown nut （七叶树的）坚果（光滑, 呈红褐色）./ˈbʌkl; `bʌkl/ n  1 metal or plastic clasp with a hinged spike for fastening a belt or straps （皮带等的）锁扣, 扣环.  2 ornamental clasp on a shoe （鞋上的）装饰扣.

v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) fasten (sth) or be fastened with a buckle 用锁扣扣紧（某物）: My belt is loose; I didn't buckle it up tightly enough. 我的腰带松了, 我没扣紧. * These shoes buckle at the side. 这鞋在侧面系扣.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) crumple or bend (usu because of pressure or heat) （使某人[某事物]）屈服, 顺从, 让步, 弄弯, 变形（通常因受力或受热所致）: The metal buckled in the heat. 金属因受热而变形. * The crash buckled the front of my car. 我的汽车前部撞瘪了. * (fig 比喻) He's beginning to buckle under the pressure of work. 工作快要把他压垮了.  3 (phr v) buckle down to sth (infml 口) start sth in a determined way 下定决心做某事: She's really buckling down to her new job. 她埋头苦干做新工作. buckle sb in/into sth fasten sb in (a seat, etc) with a belt 用皮带把某人扣在（座位等）上: The parachutist was buckled into his harness. 跳伞者扣上了背带. buckle (sth) on (cause sth to) be attached with a buckle （使某物）被锁扣扣住: a sword that buckles on 用锁扣扣住的剑 * buckle on one's belt 把自己的皮带系紧. buckle `to (infml 口) (esp of a group) make a special effort (usu in the face of difficulties) （尤指集体）特别努力（通常为面对困难时）: The children had to buckle to while their mother was in hospital. 孩子们因母亲住院只好事事更加努力./ˈbʌkrəm; `bʌkrəm/ n [U] stiff cloth used esp for binding books 硬布（尤用于装订书籍）./ˌbʌkˈʃiː; `bʌkˌʃi/ adj, adv (Brit sl 俚) free of charge 免费（的）: buckshee tickets 免费票 * travel buckshee 免费旅行./ˈbʌkʃɒt; `bʌkˌʃɑt/ n [U] large size of lead shot1(5) for firing from shotguns （猎枪用的）大号铅弹.n [U] soft leather made from the skin of deer or goats, used for making gloves, bags, etc （鹿皮或羊皮所制成的）柔软皮革（用以制手套、皮包等）./ˈbʌkwiːt; <i>US</i> -hwiːt; `bʌkˌhwit/ n [U] dark seeds of grain used for feeding horses and poultry 荞麦.flour made from these seeds, used in US for breakfast pancakes 荞麦粉; 荞麦面./bjuːˈkɒlɪk; bju`kɑlɪk/ adj of country life or the countryside; rustic 乡村生活的; 田园生活的.n [pl] poems about country life 田园诗./bʌd; bʌd/ n  1 small knob from which a flower, branch or cluster of leaves develops 花蕾; （枝叶的）芽: Buds appear on the trees in spring. 春天树木发芽了.  2 flower or leaf not fully open 未全开的花; 未长成的叶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.  3 (idm 习语) (be) in bud having or sending out buds 含苞待放中; 萌芽中: The trees and hedgerows are in bud. 大树小树都已长出嫩芽. nip sth in the bud => nip.

v (-dd-) [I] produce buds 发芽: The trees are budding early this year. 今年树木发芽早. budding adj beginning to develop well 开始发展的: a budding novelist, actor, sportsman, etc 崭露头角的小说家、演员、运动员等./ˈbʊdɪzəm; `bᴜdɪzəm/ n [U] Asian religion based on the teachings of the N Indian philosopher Gautama Siddartha or Buddha 佛教. /ˈbʊdɪst; `bᴜdɪst/ n, adj: a devout Buddhist 虔诚的佛教徒 * Buddhist monks 佛教徒 * a Buddhist temple 佛教的寺院./ˈbʌdɪ; `bʌdɪ/ n (infml 口 esp US) friend 朋友: Hi there, buddy! 嘿, 老兄! * He and I were buddies at school. 他和我求学时期是好朋友./bʌdʒ; bʌdʒ/ v [I, Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用于否定句)  1 (cause sth to) move slightly （使某物）稍微移动, 动一动: My car's stuck in the mud, and it won't budge/I can't budge it. 我的汽车陷入泥中, 一动也不动[我无法使它移动].  2 (cause sb to) change an attitude or opinion （使某人）改变态度或意见: Once he's made up his mind, he never budges/you can never budge him (from his opinion). 他一旦下了决心就毫不动摇[无法使他改变（意见）]./ˈbʌdʒərɪgɑː(r); `bʌdʒərɪˌˇɑr/ n type of Australian parakeet, often kept as a cage-bird 澳洲长尾小鹦鹉; 虎皮鹦鹉./ˈbʌdʒɪt; `bʌdʒɪt/ n  1 (a) estimate or plan of how money will be spent over a period of time, in relation to the amount of money available 预算: a weekly budget 周预算. (b) annual government statement of a country's expenditure and how it will be financed 政 府的年度预算: The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year's budget. 人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收.  2 amount of money needed or allotted for a specific purpose 专用开支; 专款: limit oneself to a daily budget of ￡10 限制自己每日零花10英镑.  3 (idm 习语) on a (tight) budget having only a small amount of money 缺少钱; 拮据: A family on a budget can't afford meat every day. 经济拮据的家庭不能每天享用肉食.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) plan the spending of or provide (money) in a budget 将（款项）编入预算: The government has budgeted ￡10000000 for education spending. 政府将10000000英镑编入教育预算.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) save or allocate money (for a particular purpose) （为某目的）存钱, 安排款项, 编预算: If we budget carefully, we'll be able to afford a new car. 我们精打细算就能买辆新汽车了. * budget for the coming year, for a holiday abroad, for a drop in sales, etc 为来年、为去外国度假、为营业额下降时...安排款项.

adj [attrib 作定语] inexpensive; cheap 不贵的; 便宜的; 廉价的; 贱的: a budget meal, holiday 经济实惠的饭菜、假日.account at a shop, etc into which a customer makes regular payments, receiving credit in proportion to these; similar account at a bank, for paying regularly recurring bills 预算帐户./ˈbʌdʒɪtərɪ; <i>US</i> -terɪ; `bʌdʒɪˌtɛrɪ/ adj of a budget 预算的: budgetary provisions 预算的拨款./ˈbʌdʒɪ; `bʌdʒɪ/ n (infml 口) = budgerigar./bʌf; bʌf/ n [U]  1 (a) strong soft dull-yellow leather 柔韧的暗黄色的皮革. (b) colour of this 暗黄色.  2 (idm 习语) in the `buff (infml 口 esp Brit) with no clothes on 一丝不挂; 赤身露体. strip to the buff => strip.

adj made of or having the colour of buff 用柔韧的暗黄色皮革制的; 暗黄色的: a buff envelope, uniform 牛皮纸信封、暗黄色制服.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) polish sth with a soft material （用柔软的材料）擦亮、抛光某物: buff (up) shoes with a cloth 用布把鞋擦亮.

/bʌf; bʌf/ n (preceded by a n 前接名词) (infml 口) person who is enthusiastic and knowledgeable about a specified subject or activity （某方面或某活动的）爱好者, 行家: a film, an opera, a tennis buff 电影、歌剧、网球爱好者./ˈbʌfələʊ; `bʌfəlˌo/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作buffaloes) large ox of various kinds, including the wild S African buffalo, the tame (often domesticated) Asian buffalo and the N American bison 水牛; （南非或北美的）野牛: fifty buffaloes 五十头水牛 * a herd of buffalo 一群野牛./ˈbʌfə(r); `bʌfɚ/ n  1 device for lessening the effect of a blow or collision, esp on a railway vehicle or at the end of a railway track 缓冲器, 减震器（尤指设于铁路车辆或铁轨末端的）.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that lessens a shock or protects sb/sth against difficulties 缓冲者; 缓冲物: His sense of humour was a useful buffer when things were going badly for him. 他有幽默感, 这使他在逆境中聊以自慰.  3 country or area between two powerful states, lessening the risk of war between them 缓冲国; 缓冲地区: [attrib 作定语] a buffer state/zone 缓冲国[地带].

v [Tn] act as a buffer to (sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）起缓冲作用; 缓和; 缓解.

/ˈbʌfə(r); `bʌfɚ/ n (usu 通常作 old buffer) (Brit infml 口) foolish or incompetent old man 老糊涂; 老朽: a silly old buffer 一个老糊涂./ˈbʊfeɪ; <i>US</i> bəˈfeɪ; bə`fe/ n  1 counter where food and drink may be bought and consumed, esp in a railway station or on a train 饮食柜台（尤指火车站或火车内的）.  2 meal at which guests serve themselves from a number of dishes; food provided for this 自助餐; （自助餐的）食物: Dinner will be a cold buffet, not a sit-down meal. 正餐是凉的自助餐, 不是坐着让人侍候的那一种. * [attrib 作定语] a buffet lunch/supper 自助午餐[晚餐].

/ˈbʌfɪt; `bʌfɪt/ n blow (esp with the hand) or shock 打（尤指用手）; 打击: (fig 比喻) suffer the buffets of a cruel fate 遭受悲惨命运的打击.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (about) knock or push sb/sth roughly from side to side 把某人[某物]打来打去或推来推去: flowers buffeted by the rain and wind 受风吹雨打的花 * (fig 比喻) be buffeted by misfortune 饱受灾祸的蹂躏 * a boat buffeted (about) by the waves 被大浪冲来冲去的船. buffeting n: The flowers took quite a buffeting in the storm. 花朵在暴风雨中备受摧残.railway carriage serving light meals （火车）餐车./bəˈfuːn; bə`fun/ n ridiculous but amusing person; clown 滑稽有趣的人; 丑角: play the buffoon 扮演丑角./-ərɪ; -ərɪ/ n [U] ridiculous behaviour; clowning 滑稽可笑的举动; 扮小丑./bʌg; bʌˇ/ n  1 [C] small flat foul-smelling insect infesting dirty houses and beds 臭虫.  2 [C] (esp US) any small insect 小昆虫.  3 [C] (infml 口) (illness caused by a) germ or infectious virus 细菌或传染性病毒（引起的疾病）: I think I've caught a bug. 我看我已经受细菌感染了. * There are a lot of bugs about in winter. 冬天有很多流行病.  4 (usu 通常作 the bug) [sing] (infml 口) obsessive interest (in sth specified) （对所指事物的）极大兴趣: He was never interested in cooking before, but now he's been bitten by/he's got the bug. 他以前对烹饪从不感兴趣, 但是现在可着迷了.  5 [C] (infml 口) defect in a machine, esp a computer 机器故障（尤指计算机的）: There's a bug in the system. 设备中有故障.  6 [C] (infml 口) small hidden microphone placed (eg by intelligence services) so that conversations can be heard at a distance 窃听器: search a room for bugs 搜查房间寻找窃听器 * plant a bug in an embassy 在大使馆内放置窃听器.  7 (idm 习语) snug as a bug in a rug => snug.

v (-gg-) [Tn]  1 (a) fit (a room, telephone, etc) with a hidden microphone for listening to conversations 将窃听器装在（房间、电话等）里: This office is bugged. 这个办公室已装上了窃听器. (b) listen to (a conversation, etc) with a hidden microphone （用窃听器）窃听（谈话等）: a bugging device 窃听装置 * Be careful what you say; our conversation may be being bugged. 说话要当心, 咱们的话可能被窃听了.  2 (infml 口 esp US) annoy (sb); irritate （使某人）烦恼; 激怒: What's bugging you? 你有什么别扭事儿? * That man really bugs me. 那个人真把我惹火了.adj (infml 口) with bulging eyes 凸眼的./ˈbʌgbeə(r); `bʌˇˌbɛr/ n thing that is feared or disliked or causes annoyance 使人畏惧或厌恶的事物; 造成困扰的事物: Inflation is the Government's main bugbear. 通货膨胀是政府的主要难题./ˈbʌgə(r); `bʌˇɚ/ n (<!> 讳 esp Brit)  1 (law 律) person who commits buggery; sodomite 鸡奸者.  2 (infml 口) (a) annoying or contemptible person 讨厌的人; 小人: You stupid bugger! You could have run me over! 你这个浑蛋! 你差一点儿把我辗死! (b) (in expressions of sympathy or kind feeling) person or animal （用于表示同情或关心的词语）人或动物: Poor bugger! His wife left him last week. 可怜的家伙! 他妻子上星期离开了他.  3 (infml 口) thing that causes difficulties 造成困难的事物: This door's a (real) bugger to open. 这扇门（真）难开.  4 (idm 习语) play silly buggers => silly.

v (<!> 讳)  1 [Tn] (law 律) have anal intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）鸡奸.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) (usu imperative, expressing anger or annoyance at sb/sth 通常用于祈使语气, 表示对某人[某事物]愤怒或烦恼): Bugger it! I've burnt the toast. 妈的! 我把面包片烤焦了. * You're always late, bugger you. 你他妈老迟到.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (infml 口) spoil or ruin sth 糟蹋, 毁坏（某事物）.  4 (idm 习语) ,bugger `me (infml 口) (expressing surprise or amazement 表示惊奇或惊异): Bugger me! Did you see that? 好家伙! 你看到了吗?  5 (phr v) bugger about/around (infml 口) behave stupidly or irresponsibly （笨拙地或不负责任地）胡闹, 乱来: Stop buggering about with those matches or you'll set the house on fire. 别玩火柴了, 不然要把房子烧了. bugger sb about/around (infml 口) treat sb badly or in a casual way 苛待或慢待某人: I'm sick of being buggered about by the company. 我讨厌公司对我这样冷淡. bugger off (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使语气) go away 走开: Bugger off and leave me alone. 走 开, 别烦我. * I was only two minutes late but they'd all buggered off. 我只晚了两分钟, 可他们全走了.

interj (<!> infml 讳, 口) (expressing anger or annoyance 表示气愤或烦恼): Oh bugger! I've left my keys at home. 他妈的! 我把钥匙落在家里了. buggered adj (<!> infml 讳, 口) [pred 作表语] very tired; exhausted 非常疲倦; 筋疲力尽: I'm completely buggered after that game of tennis. 这场网球可把我累垮了. buggery/ 5bQgErI; `bQ^ErI/ n [U] (<!> law 讳, 律) anal intercourse; sodomy 鸡奸.n [U] (<!> infml 讳, 口) nothing 什么也没有; 屁事没有: There's bugger-all to do in this place. 这儿没什么屁事可干./ˈbʌgɪ; `bʌˇɪ/ n  1 small strongly-built motor vehicle （坚固的）小机动车: a beach buggy 沙滩车.  2 (also `baby buggy) (US) = pram.  3 (formerly) light carriage pulled by one horse, for one or two people （旧时）（由一匹马拉的单人或双人的）轻便马车./ˈbjuːgl; `bjuˇl/ n brass musical instrument like a small trumpet but without keys or valves, used for giving military signals 军号. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x./ˈbjuːglə(r); `bjuˇlɚ/ n person who blows a bugle 军号手./bɪld; bɪld/ v (pt, pp built/ bIlt; bIlt/)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (of/from/out of sth); ~ sth (for sb) make or construct sth by putting parts or material together 修建、建造或建筑某物: build a house, road, railway 修建房屋、道路、铁路 * a house built of stone, bricks, etc 用石、砖等盖的房子 * Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟儿用细树枝筑巢. * His father built him a model aeroplane. 他父亲给他做了一架模型飞机. (b) [I] construct houses, etc 盖房子等: The local council intends to build on this site. 地方议会打算在这块地上盖房子.  2 [Tn] develop (sth); establish 开发（某事物）; 创建; 兴建: build a business 创业 * build a better future, a new career, etc 创造更好的未来、新事业等.  3 (idm 习语) ,Rome was not ,built in a `day (saying 谚) time and hard work are necessary for a difficult or important task 罗马不是一天建成的（伟业建成非一日之功）.  4 (phr v) build sth in/build sth into sth (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) (a) make sth a fixed and permanent part of sth larger 在某较大物体上建某物: build a cupboard/bookcase into a wall 在墙上建造壁橱[书橱] * We're having new wardrobes built in. 我们嵌加了新的衣橱. (b) (fig 比喻) make sth a necessary part of sth 将某事物加入另一事物中; 列入; 并入; 插入: build an extra clause into the contract 将一项额外条款列入合同中. build sth into sth put parts together to form sth 将各部分合在一起变成某事物: build loose stones into a strong wall 用石块建成坚固的墙 * build scraps of metal into a work of art 用金属碎块制成艺术品. build sth on/build sth onto sth add sth (eg an extra room) to an existing structure by building （在现有建筑物上）增建某物（如另一房间）: The new wing was built on(to the hospital) last year. 去年（医院）增建了新侧楼. build on sth use sth as a foundation for further progress 用某事物作为进一步发展的基础; 建基于某事物之上: build on earlier achievements, success, results, etc 建基于原来的成就、成功、成果等之上. build sth on sth base sth on sth 把某事物作另一事物的基础: build one's hopes on the economic strength of the country 把自己的希望 build oneself/sb up make oneself/sb healthier or stronger 使自己[某人]健康或强壮: You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质. build sb/sth up (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) speak with great (often undeserved or exaggerated) praise about sb/sth 捧（吹捧）某人[某事物]: The film was built up to be a masterpiece, but I found it very disappointing. 这部影片被吹捧为杰作, 可是我觉得令人失望. build sth up (a) acquire, develop, increase or strengthen sth gradually 逐步获得、发展、增加或增强某事物: build up a big library, a fine reputation, a thriving business 逐步建起一座大图书馆、逐步赢得好的声誉、逐步建立起兴旺发达的事业 * build up one's strength after an illness 病後逐渐增强体力. (b) (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) cover (an area) with buildings 建筑物遍布（某地区）: The village has been built up since I lived here. 我在这里住过, 从那时起, 这个村子已经盖满了房子.

n [U, C] shape and size (of the human body) （人体的）体形, 体格: a man of athletic, powerful, slender, average, etc build 身体强健、强壮、苗条、一般等的人 * We are (of) the same build. 我们的体形相同. * Our build is/builds are similar. 我们的体形相似.n  1 (a) gradual increase or accumulation 逐渐增加或积累: a steady build-up of traffic 来往车辆逐渐增多 * A build-up of enemy forces is reported. 据悉敌军正在集结. (b) ~ (to sth) gradual approach (to a climax); gradual preparation (for sth) 逐渐达到（高潮）; 逐渐准备（某事物）: the build-up to the President's visit 总统访问的准备工作.  2 favourable description (esp of a performer or spectacle) in advance （尤指为表演者或场面）造舆论, 鸣锣开道: The press has given the show a tremendous build-up. 新闻界为这一演出大造声势.n  1 person who builds, esp one whose job is building houses, etc 建造者; （尤指）房屋建筑者.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person or thing that creates or develops sth 创造或开发某事物的人或事物: an empire-builder 帝国的缔造者 * a confidence-builder 助人建立信心的事物./ˈbɪldɪŋ; `bɪldɪŋ/ n  1 [U] (art, business or profession of) constructing houses, etc 建筑（的艺术或行业）: [attrib 作定语] the building trade 建筑业 * building materials 建筑材料.  2 [C] (abbr 缩写 bldg) structure with a roof and walls （有屋顶和墙的）结构, 建筑物: Schools, churches, houses and factories are all buildings. 学校、教堂、住宅、厂房均为建筑物.area of land on which a house, etc is being built 建筑工地.(Brit) organization that accepts deposits and lends out money to people who wish to buy or build houses 房屋建筑协会（接受买房或建房人的保证金及向其贷款的组织）.(after advs and in compound adjs 用于副词之後或用以构成复合形容词) having the specified build 有某种体形的: solidly built * a well-built man, ie one who is broad and muscular.adj [attrib 作定语] constructed to form part of a structure 与某结构建成一体的; 并入的; 嵌入的: a bedroom with ,built-in `wardrobes 有嵌入衣柜的卧室 * (fig 比喻) a pay deal with built-in guarantees of employment 带有雇用担保的工资协议.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] covered with buildings 布满建筑物的: a ,built-up `area 建筑物多的地方./bʌlb; bʌlb/ n =>illus 见插图.  1 thick rounded underground stem of certain plants (eg the lily, onion, tulip) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards 球茎（如百合、洋葱、郁金香等植物的地下茎）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.  2 (also `light bulb) pear-shaped glass container for the filament of an electric light 电灯泡: change a bulb 换灯泡 * a 60-watt light bulb  60瓦的灯泡.  3 object shaped like a bulb, eg the bulging end of a thermometer 球茎状物（如温度计球状的一端）./ˈbʌlbəs; `bʌlbəs/ adj  1 growing from a bulb 由球茎长出的.  2 shaped like a bulb; round and fat 球茎状的; 又圆又胖的: a bulbous nose 圆圆的鼻子./bʌldʒ; bʌldʒ/ n  1 rounded swelling; outward curve 鼓起; 凸出: What's that bulge in your pocket? 你口袋里鼓鼓囊囊的是什么?  2 (infml 口) temporary increase in quantity 暂时增多: a population bulge 人口膨胀 * After the war there was a bulge in the birth-rate. 战後出生率激增.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (with sth) form a bulge: swell outwards 鼓起; 凸起; 膨胀: I can't eat any more. My stomach's bulging. 我一点儿也吃不下了, 肚子都鼓起来了. * pockets bulging with apples 装着苹果而鼓起来的口袋./ˈbʌldʒɪ; `bʌldʒɪ/ adj./bʌlk; bʌlk/ n  1 [U] size, quantity or volume, esp when great 体积, 数量, 容量（尤指巨大的）: It's not their weight that makes these sacks hard to carry, it's their bulk. 这些袋子难于搬运, 倒不是因为重而是体积太大. * The sheer bulk of Mozart's music is extraordinary. 莫扎特的乐曲, 其数量之巨就已很了不起了.  2 [C] large shape, body or person 巨大的形体或身躯: He heaved his huge bulk out of the chair. 他挺起巨大的身躯, 从椅子上站了起来.  3 [U] food that is not digested but is eaten to stimulate the intestine; roughage 仅刺激肠管而不被消化的食物; 纤维性物质; 食用糠: You need more bulk in your diet. 你的饮食中需要添点儿纤维素.  4 [sing] the ~ (of sth) main part (of sth) （某事物的）主要部分; 大部分: The bulk of the work has already been done. 大部分工作已经完成. * The eldest son inherited the bulk of the estate. 长子继承了遗产的大部分.  5 (idm 习语) in `bulk (a) in large amounts 大量: buy (sth) in bulk 大量购买（某物）. (b) (of a cargo, etc) not packed in boxes; loose （指货物等）不装箱的, 散装的: shipped in bulk 散装货运.

v  1 (idm 习语) bulk `large seem important; be prominent 显得重要; 突出: The war still bulks large in the memories of those who fought in it. 对于那些曾参战的人来说, 那场战争仍记忆犹新.  2 (phr v) bulk sth out make sth bigger or thicker 使某事物更大或更厚: add extra pages to bulk a book out 增加额外页数使书更厚.buying in large amounts, esp the buying of most of a producer's output by one purchaser 大量购买; （尤指）包购（一买主购买某生产者的大多数产品）./ˈbʌlkhed; `bʌlkˌhɛd/ n upright watertight partition or wall between compartments in a ship or aircraft （船舱或机舱的）防水隔板, 隔墙.adj (-ier, -iest) taking up much space; awkward to move or carry 庞大的; 巨大的; 笨重的: the bulky figure of Inspector Jones 琼斯巡官的庞大身躯 * a bulky parcel, crate, load, etc 巨大的包裹、包装箱、载荷等./bʊl; bᴜl/ n  1 uncastrated male of any animal in the ox family （未阉割的）公牛: [attrib 作定语] a bull neck, ie a short thick one, like a bull's 短粗的脖子（像牛的脖子）. Cf 参看 bullock, cow1 1, ox 1, steer2.  2 male of the elephant, whale and other large animals 雄的（象、鲸等）大动物. Cf 参看 cow1 2.  3 (in the Stock Exchange) person who buys shares hoping to sell them soon afterwards at a higher price （证券交易所中）买进股份以期不久可高价卖出的人: [attrib 作定语] a bull market, ie a situation in which share prices are rising （股票的）上涨行情. Cf 参看 bear1 3.  4 (US sl 俚) policeman or detective 警察; 侦探.  5 = bull's-eye.  6 (idm 习语) a bull in a `china shop person who is rough and clumsy when skill and care are needed （在需要细心和技巧的工作中）莽撞而笨拙的人. a cock-and-bull story => cock. a red rag to a bull => red1. take the bull by the `horns face a difficulty or danger boldly 勇敢地面对困难或危险.

/bʊl; bᴜl/ n official order or announcement from the Pope 教皇诏书: a papal bull 教皇诏书./ˈbʊlzaɪ; `bᴜlzˌaɪ/ n  1 (a) centre of a target, having the highest value in archery and darts 靶心; 鹄的. =>illus at archery, dart 见archery、dart之插图. (b) shot that hits this 命中靶心的一击: scoring a bull's-eye 击中靶心得分.  2 large hard round pepper-mint sweet 大块圆形硬薄荷糖.adj obstinate or stubborn in a clumsy way 又笨又顽固的; 又笨又执拗的.adj having a short thick neck 脖子短粗的./ˌbʊlˈterɪə(r); ˌbᴜl`tɛrɪɚ/ n dog of a breed produced by crossing (cross2 7) a bulldog and a terrier 斗牛(左犬右更) 狗（由斗牛狗与(左犬右更)杂交所生的狗）./ˈbʊldɒg; `bᴜlˌdɔˇ/ n sturdy, powerful and courageous type of dog with a large head and a short thick neck 斗牛狗; 大头狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.clip with a spring that closes tightly and is used for holding papers, etc together （夹纸用的）弹簧夹./ˈbʊldəʊz; `bᴜlˌdoz/ v  1 [Tn] remove or flatten (sth) with a bulldozer （用推土机）推掉或推平（某物）: The area was bulldozed to make way for a new road. 那片地已被推土机推平用以修筑新路.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (fig 比喻) force sb to do sth, esp by frightening him 强迫某人做某事物（尤指用威胁手段）; 胁迫: They bulldozed me into signing the agreement. 他们胁迫我签约.  3 [Tn.pr] push sth with force in the specified direction （朝某方向）强力推动某事物: (fig 比喻) He bulldozed his way into the room. 他硬闯进房间里. * She bulldozed her plans past the committee. 她硬使委员会通过了她的计划./ˈbʊldəʊzə(r); `bᴜlˌdozɚ/ n powerful tractor with a broad steel blade in front, used for moving earth or clearing ground 推土机. =>illus 见插图./ˈbʊlɪt; `bᴜlɪt/ n  1 small missile, usu round or cylindrical with a pointed end, fired from a gun or rifle 子弹: He was killed by a single bullet in the heart. 他被一颗子弹射中心脏而死亡.  2 (idm 习语) bite the bullet => bite1./-ˈhedɪd; -ˌhɛdɪd/ adj having a small round head 有小圆头的.adj that can stop bullets passing through it 防弹的: a bullet-proof shirt/vest/jacket 防弹衬衣[背心/上衣]./ˈbʊlətɪn; `bᴜlətɪn/ n  1 short official statement of news 布告; 公告; 公报: a news bulletin 新闻简报.  2 printed newsletter produced by an association, a group or a society （由社团或协会等刊印的）通讯, 会刊.(US) = notice-board (notice).n traditional public entertainment, esp in Spain and S America, in which bulls are baited and usu killed in the arena 斗牛. n. n [U]./ˈbʊlfɪntʃ; `bᴜlˌfɪntʃ/ n songbird with a strong rounded beak and a pink breast 红腹灰雀./ˈbʊlfrɒg; `bᴜlˌfrɑˇ/ n type of large American frog with a loud croak 牛蛙（产于美洲）./ˈbʊlhɔːn; `bᴜlˌhɔrn/ n (US) = loudhailer (loud)./ˈbʊljən; `bᴜljən/ n [U] gold or silver in bulk or bars, before it is made into coins, etc （锭形或条形的）金或银: The thieves stole 1000000 in gold bullion. 窃贼偷去价值1000000英镑的金条.adj (in the Stock Exchange) characterized by or causing a rise in share prices （证券交易所中）看涨的. Cf 参看 bearish (bear1)./ˈbʊlək; `bᴜlək/ n bull that has been castrated 阉牛. Cf 参看 bull1 1, ox 1, steer2.n arena for bullfighting 斗牛场./ˈbʊlʃɪt; `bᴜlˌʃɪt/ (also bull) n [U], interj (<!> sl 讳, 俚) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 瞎扯: a load/lot of bullshit 胡说八道 * He's talking bullshit. 他在瞎扯./ˈbʊlɪ; `bᴜlɪ/ n person who uses his strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people 恃强凌弱的人: Leave that little girl alone, you big bully! 离那小姑娘远点儿, 你这个大坏蛋!

v (pt, pp bullied)  1 [Tn] frighten or hurt (a weaker person) 恐吓, 欺负, 伤害（弱者）: He was bullied by the older boys at school. 他在学校里受到大孩子的欺负.  2 (phr v) bully sb into doing sth (try to) force sb to do sth by frightening him （企图）胁迫某人做某事: The manager tried to bully his men into working harder by threatening them with dismissal. 经理企图以解雇相威胁, 迫使职工更卖力气.

/ˈbʊlɪ; `bᴜlɪ/ n [U] (also `bully beef) (infml 口) corned beef in tins 罐头牛肉.

/ˈbʊlɪ; `bᴜlɪ/ interj (idm 习语) bully for sb (infml esp ironic 口, 尤作反语) well done 干得好; 干得漂亮: You've solved the puzzle at last? Well, bully for `you! 你最後把这难题解决啦? 哦, 你可真棒!

/bʊlɪ; `bᴜlɪ/ n (in hockey) (formerly) way of starting a game in which two opposing players strike their sticks together three times before trying to hit the ball （曲棍球）（旧时）开局方法（双方各一队员互击球棍三次, 然後力争击球）.

v (pt, pp bullied) (phr v) bully off start play in this way （按此法）开赛.n rough violent man, esp one paid to frighten or injure others 打手, 暴徒（尤指受雇对他人进行威胁或伤害的人）: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) bully-boy tactics 暴徒手段./ˈbʊlrʌʃ; `bᴜlˌrʌʃ/ n type of tall rush(3) with a thick velvety head 芦草; 宽叶香蒲; 灯心草./ˈbʊlwək; `bᴜlwɚk/ n  1 wall, esp of earth, built as a defence 壁垒（尤指用泥土堆砌者）; 防御工事.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that supports, defends or protects 支持, 防御或保护的人或事物: Democracy is a bulwark of freedom. 民主是自由的保障.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) ship's side above the level of the deck 舷墙（甲板线以上的船侧）./bʌm; bʌm/ n (infml 口 esp Brit) part of the body on which one sits; buttocks 屁股.

/bʌm; bʌm/ n (infml 口 esp US)  1 wandering beggar; tramp; loafer 流浪乞丐; 游民; 盲流; 闲荡者: bums sleeping rough in the streets 横七竖八地睡在街上的无业游民.  2 lazy irresponsible person 懒惰不负责任的人: You lousy bum! 你简直是个没用的懒蛋!

adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) of bad quality; useless 劣质的; 无用的: a bum film, concert, party 差劲的影片、音乐会、聚会.

v (-mm-) (infml 口)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (off sb) get sth (from sb) by begging; cadge sth （从某人处）乞讨某事物; 乞求某事物: bum a lift 请求搭便车 * Can I bum a cigarette off you? 我向你要一枝香烟行吗?  2 (phr v) bum a`round travel around or spend one's time doing nothing in particular （无所事事地）漫游, 闲荡: I bummed around (in) Europe for a year before university. 我在欧洲漫游了一年才上大学./ˈbʌmbl; `bʌmbl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) speak in a rambling and clumsy manner 语无伦次地说: What are you bumbling (on) about? 你颠三倒四地说些什么呀?  2 (phr v) bumble about, along, etc act or move in a specified direction in a clumsy disorganized manner 笨拙而无规则地活动; 跌跌撞撞地行进: The professor bumbled absent-mindedly along the road. 教授心不在焉地沿途瞎遛./ˈbʌmblbiː; `bʌmblˌbi/ n large hairy bee with a loud hum 大黄蜂.adj [attrib 作定语] behaving in a clumsy disorganized way 动作笨拙而无规则的; 笨手笨脚的; 胡乱的: You bumbling idiot! 你这个笨蛋!/bʌmf; bʌmf/ n (Brit sl joc or derog 俚, 谑或贬) paper, esp official forms and documents 纸; （尤指）公文, 表格, 文件: `What's in the post today?' `Just a lot of bumf from the insurance people.' ｀今天的邮件里有什么?＇｀只有保险公司寄来的一大堆表格.＇/bʌmp; bʌmp/ v  1 [Ipr] ~ against/into sb/sth knock or strike sth with a dull-sounding blow; collide with sth 碰撞或敲击某物（发出低沉响声）; 与某物相撞: In the dark I bumped into a chair. 我在黑暗中碰到了椅子. * The car bumped against the kerb. 汽车撞上了路边石.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sth) hit or knock sth (esp a part of the body) (against sth) （尤指身体的一部分）碰、撞某物: bump one's head (on the ceiling) 自己的头碰着了（天花板） * The driver bumped the kerb while reversing. 司机倒车时撞着了路边石. =>Usage at bang1 用法见bang1.  3 (phr v) bump along, down, etc move with a jolting action in the specified direction 颠簸而行: The old bus bumped along the mountain road. 旧公共汽车沿着山路颠簸行驶. bump into sb (infml 口) meet sb by chance 碰见某人; 偶遇; 巧遇: Guess who I bumped into today? 你猜我今天碰见谁了? bump sb off (sl 俚) kill or murder sb 杀死某人; 谋杀某人. bump sth up (infml 口) increase or raise sth 增加或提高某事物: bump up prices, salaries, etc 提高物价、薪金等.

n  1 (dull sound of a) blow, knock or impact; collision （发出低沉响声的）撞击, 碰撞, 冲撞, 相撞: The two children collided with a bump. 两个孩子砰的一声撞上了. * The passengers felt a violent bump as the plane landed. 飞机着陆时, 乘客感到猛烈的冲撞.  2 swelling on the body, esp one caused by a blow; lump or bulge 肿胀, 肿块（尤指因碰撞所致）; 隆起; 凸起: covered in bumps and bruises 遍布肿块和挫伤 * get a nasty bump on the head 头上起了一个大包.  3 uneven patch on a surface 物体表面上的隆起物: a road with a lot of bumps in it 有一块块隆起的路.

adv  1 with a bump; suddenly 砰的一声; 突然地: He fell off the ladder and landed bump on the ground. 他从梯子上砰的一声跌到地上.  2 (idm 习语) things that go bump in the night => thing./ˈbʌmpə(r); `bʌmpɚ/ n bar fixed to the front and back of a motor vehicle to lessen the effect of a collision （机动车辆前後的）保险杠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

/ˈbʌmpə(r); `bʌmpɚ/ adj [attrib 作定语] unusually large or plentiful 异常巨大的; 异常多的: a bumper crop/harvest 巨大的收成[特大的丰收] * a bumper edition/issue/number, eg of a magazine 特大版[刊/号]（如杂志的）.

/ˈbʌmpə(r); `bʌmpɚ/ n = bouncer 1 (bounce).adj, adv (of vehicles) in a line, each close behind the one in front （指车辆）首尾相接（的）: We sat bumper-to-bumper in the traffic jam. 我们遇到交通阻塞, 汽车一辆辆首尾相接动弹不得. * travel bumper-to-bumper 车一辆紧接一辆行驶.= bumf.adv. n [U]./ˈbʌmpkɪn; `bʌmpkɪn/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) awkward or simple person from the country 乡巴佬; 土包子; 土老帽儿./ˈbʌmpʃəs; `bʌmpʃəs/ adj (derog 贬) (of a person, his manner, etc) self-important and conceited （指人、举止等）自负的, 傲慢的, 骄横的: bumptiousofficials, behaviour 骄横的官员、行为. adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 with an uneven surface 表面不平的; 崎岖不平的: a bumpy road, track, etc 不平的路面、跑道等.  2 causing jolts 引起颠簸的: a bumpy ride, flight, drive, etc 颠簸的乘行、飞行、驾驶等. /bʌn; bʌn/ n  1 small round sweet cake 小而圆的甜面包或点心: a currant bun 带葡萄乾的小圆面包. Cf 参看 roll1 2.  2 (esp woman's) hair twisted into a tight knot at the back of the head （尤指女子的）发髻: put, wear one's hair in a bun 把头发盘成发髻.  3 (idm 习语) have a `bun in the oven (infml joc 口, 谑) be pregnant 怀孕.n (infml 口) tea-party 茶会./bʌntʃ; bʌntʃ/ n  1 [C] number of things (usu of the same kind) growing, fastened or grouped together 串; 束; 卷; 团: a bunch of bananas, grapes, etc 一串香蕉、葡萄等 * bunches of flowers 花束 * a bunch of keys 一串钥匙. =>illus at grape 见grape之插图.  2 [CGp] (infml 口) group of people; gang; mob 人群; 匪帮; 暴 民: a bunch of thugs 一群恶棍 * I don't like any of them much, but he's the best of the bunch, ie the least unpleasant. 这帮人我谁也不喜欢, 但他还算是其中最好的呢.

v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (up) (cause sth/sb to) be formed into a bunch or bunches （使某物[某人]）成束, 成捆, 成群: a blouse that bunches at the waist 束腰女衬衫 * runners all bunched together, ie closely grouped 挤在一起的赛跑者 * Cross the road one at a time  don't bunch up. 一次一个地过马路--别都挤在一起./ˈbʌndl; `bʌndl/ n  1 [C] collection of things fastened or wrapped together 束、捆、扎或包在一起的东西: a bundle of sticks, clothes, newspapers 一捆细棍、一包衣物、一卷报纸 * books tied up in bundles of twenty 扎成二十本一捆的书.  2 [sing] a ~ of sth (infml 口) a lot of sth; a mass of sth 大堆的东西; 大量的事物: That child is a bundle of mischief! 那孩子是淘气包! * He's not exactly a bundle of fun, ie an amusing person. 他不算是个十分有趣的人.  3 [sing] (infml 口) large amount of money 很多钱; 巨款: That car must have cost a bundle. 这辆汽车一定值很多钱.  4 (idm 习语) a bundle of `nerves in a very nervous state 神经极度紧张: The poor chap was a bundle of nerves at the interview. 这小子在面试时紧张极了. go a bundle on sb/sth (infml 口) be very fond of sb/sth 非常喜欢某人[某事物]: I don't go a bundle on her new husband, do you? 我不大喜欢她的新婚丈夫, 你呢?

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make or tie sth into a bundle or bundles 把某物捆成捆: The firewood was cut and bundled (together). 木柴已劈好并捆在一起了. * We bundled up some old clothes for the jumble sale. 我们把一些旧衣物捆起来准备义卖.  2 (phr v) bundle sth into sth throw sth or put sth away quickly and untidily in the specified place 把某物随便扔到某处: She bundled her clothes into the drawer without folding them. 她把衣服胡乱扔进抽屉里, 连叠都不叠. bundle (sb) out, off, into, etc go or send (sb) hastily or roughly in the specified direction 匆忙走向某处; （将某人）匆匆打发到某处: We all bundled into the tiny car. 我们全都挤进那辆小汽车里. * I was bundled into a police van. 我被推进警车. * She bundled her son off to school. 她匆匆忙忙把儿子打发到学校去了. bundle (sb) up dress (sb) in warm clothes 给（某人）穿上暖和的衣服./bʌŋ; bʌŋ/ n stopper for closing the hole in a barrel or jar （桶或罐的）盖子, 塞子.

v  1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) close or block sth with or as with a bung （用塞盖）塞住; 堵住; 封住: My nose is (all) bunged up. I must be getting a cold. 我鼻子（全）堵住了, 一定是着凉了. * The drains are bunged up with dead leaves. 落叶把下水道堵住了.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (Brit infml 口) throw or toss (sth) 扔, 掷（某物）: Bung the newspaper over here, will you? 你把报纸扔过来, 行吗?n hole for filling or emptying a barrel 桶孔./ˈbʌŋgələʊ; `bʌŋˇəˌlo/ n small house with one storey 平房. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii./ˈbʌŋgl; `bʌŋˇl/ v [I, Tn] do (sth) badly or clumsily; spoil (a task) through lack of skill 笨手笨脚地做（某事物）; 粗制滥造; （因技术差或不熟练）把（工作）做糟: It looks as though you've bungled again. 看来你好像又把事情搞糟了. * Don't let him mend your bike. He's sure to bungle the job. 别让他修理你的自行车. 他肯定会弄得一团糟的. * The gang spent a year planning the robbery and then bungled it. 这伙人蓄谋抢劫已有一年之久, 然而到头来却失手了.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) bungled piece of work 拙劣的工作: The whole job was a gigantic bungle. 整件工作都糟透了./ˈbʌŋglə(r); `bʌŋˇlɚ/ n person who bungles 笨手笨脚的人: You incompetent bungler! 你这个成事不足败事有余的家伙!/ˈbʌnjən; `bʌnjən/ n painful swelling, esp on the first joint of the big toe 炎肿; （尤指）拇囊炎肿./bʌŋk; bʌŋk/ n  1 narrow bed built into a wall like a shelf, eg on a ship （架设于壁上的）狭窄铺位（如于船上的）.  2 (also `bunk bed) one of a pair of single beds, fixed one above the other, esp for children 双层床的上铺或下铺（尤指儿童所用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.

/bʌŋk; bʌŋk/ n (idm 习语) do a `bunk (Brit infml 口) run away 逃走: The cashier has done a bunk with the day's takings. 出纳员携带该日营业收入逃走了.

/bʌŋk; bʌŋk/ n [U] (infml 口) = bunkum: Don't talk bunk! 别胡说!/ˈbʌŋkə(r); `bʌŋkɚ/ n  1 container for storing fuel, esp on a ship or outside a house 贮存燃料的容器（尤指船上的燃料舱或房屋外的燃料箱）.  2 (also esp US `sand trap) sandy hollow on a golf course, from which it is difficult to hit the ball （高尔夫球场上难于击球的）沙坑. =>illus at golf 见 golf 之插图.  3 strongly built underground shelter for soldiers, guns, etc 地下掩体; 地堡.

v  1 [Tn] fill (a ship's bunker) with fuel 将燃料装进（燃料舱）.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (in golf) hit (the ball) into a bunker （高尔夫球）把（球）击入沙坑: He/His ball is bunkered. 他把球打进了沙坑./ˈbʌŋkəm; `bʌŋkəm/ (also bunk) n [U] (infml 口) nonsense 胡说: Don't believe what he's saying  it's pure bunkum. 别相信他的话--纯粹是胡说八道./ˈbʌnɪ; `bʌnɪ/ n  1 (used by and to small children 用作儿语) rabbit 兔子.  2 (also `bunny girl) (often sexist 常含性别偏见) night-club hostess, esp one wearing a costume that includes false rabbit's ears and a tail 兔儿女郎（夜总会的女招待, 尤指以假的兔子耳朵及尾巴为装饰者）./ˌbʌnsn ˈbɜːnə(r); ˌbʌnsn `bɝnɚ/ n gas burner used in chemical laboratories, consisting of a vertical tube with an adjustable air valve 本生灯./ˈbʌntɪŋ; `bʌntɪŋ/ n any of various small songbirds related to the finch family, with short thick bills 巫隼（一种雀科鸣鸟, 喙短粗）.

/ˈbʌntɪŋ; `bʌntɪŋ/ n [U] (a) coloured flags and streamers used for decorating streets and buildings （用以装饰街道和建筑物的）彩旗和彩带. (b) loosely-woven fabric used for making these （做彩旗和彩带用的）粗纺的织物./bɔɪ; bɔɪ/ n  1 floating object anchored to the bottom of the sea, a river, etc to mark places that are dangerous for boats or to show where boats may go, etc 浮标; 航标.  2 = lifebuoy (life).

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) mark the position of sth with a buoy 用浮标指示某位置: buoy submerged rocks 用浮标指示暗礁位置.  2 (phr v) buoy sb/sth up (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) (a) keep sb/sth afloat 使某人[某物]漂浮: The raft was buoyed up by empty petrol cans. 这木筏依靠空的汽油桶的浮力漂浮. (b) (fig 比喻) keep (prices, etc) at a high or satisfactory level 使（价格等）保持在高的或令人满意的水平上: Share prices were buoyed up by hopes of an end to the recession. 因经济衰退状况终止有望, 股票价格得以保持高位. (c) (fig 比喻) raise the hopes or spirits of sb; encourage sb 给某人带来希望; 使某人振作; 鼓舞某人: We felt buoyed up by the good news. 我们觉得这个好消息很令人鼓舞./-ənsɪ; -ənsɪ/ n [U]. /ˈbɔɪənt; `bɔɪənt/ adj  1 (a) (of an object) able to float （指物体）能漂浮的: The raft would be more buoyant if it was less heavy. 木筏若轻一点, 浮力就更大了. (b) (of a liquid) able to keep things floating （指液体）能浮起物体的, 有浮力的: Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water. 盐水比淡水浮力大.  2 (of stock-market prices, etc) tending to rise （指证券市场的价格等）看涨的: Share prices were buoyant today in active trading. 今日股票交投活跃, 价格看涨.  3 (of a person, his manner, etc) able to recover quickly after a setback; cheerfully resilient （指人、态度等）能从挫折中迅速振作起来的; 乐天的: a buoyant disposition, personality, etc 乐天的性情、个性等. adv./bɜː(r); bɝ/ n (plant with a) prickly seed-case or flower-head that clings to hair or clothing 刺蒺藜（易附着于毛发或衣服上）: (fig 比喻) She tried to get rid of him at the party but he stuck to her like a bur. 在宴会上她尽力摆脱他, 可他却像刺蒺藜一样钩住她不放./ˈbɜːbl; `bɝbl/ v  1 [I] make a gentle murmuring or bubbling sound 发出沙沙声; 发出汩汩声.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) speak in a rambling manner 东拉西扯地说: What's he burbling (on) about? 他在胡扯些什么呀?/ˈbɜːdn; `bɝdn/ n  1 [C] thing or person that is carried; heavy load 所负载的事物或人; 重负: bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 负有[负起/肩负]重担.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) duty, obligation, responsibility, etc that is hard to bear （难以承担的）职责、义务、责任等: the burden of heavy taxation on the tax-payer 纳税者负担的重税 * the burden of grief, guilt, remorse, etc 压在心头的悲伤、内疚、悔恨等 * His invalid father is becoming a burden (to him). 他父亲体弱多病, （对他）渐渐成了累赘.  3 [sing] the ~ of sth main theme of a speech, an article, etc （演说、文章等的）主题, 要点: The burden of his argument was that... 他论证的要点是....  4 [U] ship's carrying capacity; tonnage （船的）装载量, 吨位.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with sth) put a burden on sb/oneself; load sb/oneself 加负担于某人[自己]: refugees burdened with all their possessions 带着沉重家当的难民 * (fig 比喻) I don't want to burden you with my problems. 我不想让我的问题给你增加负担. * Industry is heavily burdened with taxation. 工业为重税所累./-səm; -səm/ adj hard to bear; troublesome 难以承担的; 令人困扰的: burdensome duties, responsibilities, etc 难以承担的职务、责任等./ˈbjʊərəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈbjʊrəʊ; `bjᴜro/ n (pl -reaux or  -reaus/ -rEUz; -roz/)  1 (Brit) writing desk with drawers （有抽屉的）办公桌, 写字台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 (US) = chest of drawers (chest).  3 (esp US) government department 政府机关; 局; 司; 处: Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局.  4 office; agency 办公室; 办事处: a travel bureau 旅行社 * an information bureau 询问处./bjʊəˈrɒkrəsɪ; bjᴜ`rɑkrəsɪ/ n (often derog 常作贬义)  1 (a) [U] system of government through departments managed by State officials, not by elected representatives 官僚制度; 官僚体制. (b) [C] country having such a system 实行官僚制度的国家. (c) [CGp] officials appointed to manage such a system, as a group 官僚（总称）.  2 [U] excessive or complicated official routine, esp because of too many departments and offices 官僚作风./ˈbjʊərəkræt; `bjᴜrəˌkræt/ n (often derog 常作贬义) official working in a government department, esp one who follows administrative routine and the rules of the department very strictly 官员（尤指墨守成规的）: insensitive, bungling, etc bureaucrats 麻木的、坏事的...官老爷./ˌbjʊərəˈkrætɪk; ˌbjᴜrə`krætɪk/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) of, like or relating to a bureau-cracy or bureaucrats 官僚制度的; 官僚的; 官僚般的: bureaucratic government 官僚政府 * The report revealed a major bureaucratic muddle. 这个报告揭示了官僚作风引起的严重混乱. /-ɪklɪ; -ɪklɪ/ adv./bjʊəˈret; bjᴜ`rɛt/ n (chemistry 化) glass tube with a tap, used for measuring small quantities of liquid let out of it 滴定管; 量管./ˈbɜːdʒən; `bɝdʒən/ v [I]  1 (arch 古) (of a plant) put out leaves; sprout （指植物）发芽, 萌发.  2 (fml 文) begin to grow rapidly; flourish 开始迅速成长; 茂盛: a burgeoning population 迅速增长的人口 * a burgeoning talent 迅速增长的才干./ˈbɜːgə(r); `bɝˇɚ/ n (infml 口) = hamburger./ˈbʌrə; `bʌrə/ n (Scot 苏格兰) borough 享有特权的自治城镇; 自治市./ˈbɜːgə(r); `bɝˇɚ/ n (arch or joc 古或谑) (esp respectable) citizen of a particular town （尤指受尊敬的）（某市的）市民: The pop festival has shocked the good burghers of Canterbury. 流行歌曲音乐汇演震动了坎特伯雷有头有脸的市民./ˈbɜːglə(r); `bɝˇlɚ/ n person who enters a building illegally, esp by force, in order to steal 窃贼（尤指强行进入建筑物的）: The burglar got into the house through the bedroom window. 窃贼是从卧室的窗户潜入这所房子的. Cf 参看 robber (rob), thief.n automatic device that rings an alarm bell when a burglar enters a building 防盗铃; 自动警铃.adj (of a building) made so that burglars cannot break into it （指建筑物）防盗的./ˈbɜːglərɪ; `bɝˇlərɪ/ n [C, U] (instance of the) crime of entering a building in order to steal 入户行窃; 入户盗窃罪: A number of burglaries have been committed in this area recently. 这一带最近发生了若干起入户盗窃案. * be accused/convicted of burglary 被控以[判以]入户盗窃罪./ˈbɜːgl; `bɝˇl/ (US burglarize, -ise/ 5b\:glE-raIz; `b[^lE9raIz/) v [Tn] steal from (a house or person) after entering a building illegally 入户盗窃: burgle a shop 盗窃一家商店 * We were burgled while we were on holiday. 我们度假期间屋里进贼了. =>Usage at rob 用法见rob./ˈbɜːgəmɑːstə(r); `bɝˇəˌmæstɚ/ n mayor of a Dutch or Flemish town 荷兰或佛兰芒城镇的市长或镇长./ˈbɜːgəndɪ; `bɝˇəndɪ/ n  1 [U, C] any of various types of red or white wine from the Burgundy area of eastern France 勃艮第葡萄酒（产于法国东部勃艮第地区的红酒或白酒）.  2 [U] dark purplish-red colour 深的紫红色./ˈberɪəl; `bɛrɪəl/ n [U, C] burying, esp of a dead body; funeral 埋葬; 葬礼: Cremation is more common than burial in some countries. 在某些国家, 火葬比土葬普遍. * The burial took place on Friday. 葬礼已于星期五举行. * [attrib 作定语] the burial service 葬礼.n place where dead bodies are buried; cemetery 墓地; 公墓: a prehistoric burial-ground 史前时期的墓地./bɜːˈlesk; bɝ`lɛsk/ n  1 [C, U] (piece of writing that mocks sb/sth by) comic or exaggerated imitation; parody （滑稽或夸张的）模仿; （以此种手法写的）嘲讽性作品: a burlesque of a novel, poem, etc 对某小说、某诗等的讽刺性模仿.  2 [U] (US) type of bawdy comedy show, often involving striptease 一种低级的谐谑表演（常包括脱衣舞）.

adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, relating to or using burlesque(1, 2) （滑稽或夸张性）模仿的; （以此种手法创作的）讽刺性作品的, 低级谐谑表演的: a burlesque actor 作低级谐谑表演的演员 * burlesque acting 滑稽夸张的模仿表演.

v [Tn] make a burlesque of (sb/sth); parody （以滑稽或夸张手法）模仿嘲弄（某人[某事物]）.n [U]./ˈbɜːlɪ; `bɝlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) with a strong heavy body; sturdy 身强力壮的; 魁梧的; 结实的; 健壮的: a burly policeman 魁梧的警察. /bɜːn; bɝn/ n (Scot 苏格兰) small stream 小溪; 小河.

/bɜːn; bɝn/ v (pt, pp burnt/ b\:nt; b[nt/ or  burned/ b\:nd; b[nd/) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2.  1 (a) [Tn] destroy, damage, injure or mark(sb/sth) by fire, heat or acid 烧毁, 烧坏, 烧伤, 烧焦, 烫伤, 酸蚀（某人[某物]）: burn dead leaves, waste paper, rubbish, etc 焚烧枯叶、废纸、垃圾等 * The house was burnt to the ground, ie completely destroyed by fire. 这所房子已焚为平地. * All his belongings were burnt in the fire. 他所有的财物都已付之一炬. * Sorry, I've burnt the toast. 对不起, 我把面包片烤焦了. * His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. 他的脸被烈日晒伤了. * The soup is very hot. Don't burn your mouth. 汤很热. 别烫着你的嘴. * The child burnt its fingers/itself while playing with a match. 那孩子玩火柴时把手指[自己]烧伤了. (b) [I] be marked, damaged or spoilt in this way 被烧坏; 被烧毁; 被烧伤; 被烧焦; 被烫着; 被酸蚀: Her skin burns easily. 她的皮肤不禁晒. * I can smell something burning. 我闻到有东西烧焦了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole or mark) by burning 烧出（窟窿或痕迹）: The cigarette burnt a hole in the carpet. 香烟在地毯上烧了一个窟窿.  3 [Tn] use (sth) as fuel 使用（某物）为燃料: Do you burn coal as well as wood on this fire? 你是不是用煤也用木头 生这炉火? * a central heating boiler that burns gas/oil/coke 以煤气[石油/焦炭]为燃料的中央供暖锅炉.  4 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) be killed by fire （使人或动物）被烧死: Ten people burnt to death in the hotel fire. 旅馆失火烧死了十人. * Joan of Arc was burnt (alive) at the stake. 圣女贞德在火刑柱上被（活活）烧死.  5 (a) [La, I] be on fire or alight; produce heat or light 燃烧; 发光; 发热; 发亮: a burning building 燃烧着的建筑物 * The house burned for hours before the blaze was put out. 那所房子燃烧了数小时火才扑灭. * A fire was burning merrily in the grate. 壁炉里炉火很旺. * The fire had burnt low, ie was nearly out. 火快要熄灭了. * A single light burned in the empty house. 那所空房子里有一盏孤灯亮着. (b) [I] be able to catch fire 能点着: Paper burns easily. 纸容易点着. * Damp wood doesn't burn well. 潮湿的木头不好烧.  6 [Tn] make (sth 11 (phr v) burn away continue to burn 继续燃烧: a fire burning away in the grate 壁炉里继续燃着的炉火. burn (sth) away (a) (cause sth to) become less by burning （使某物）逐渐烧掉: Half the candle had burnt away. 蜡烛已烧掉一半. (b) (cause sth to) be removed by burning （将某物）烧掉: Most of the skin on his face got burnt away in the fire. 在火灾中, 他脸上的皮肤大部分烧掉了.

n  1 injury or mark caused by fire, heat or acid 火、热或酸所造成的伤害或伤痕: He died of the burns he received in the fire. 他因在火灾中受烧伤而死.  2 firing of the rockets in a spacecraft (to change its course) 宇宙飞船中的火箭的发射（以改变航向）.(a) (of a fire) stop burning because there is no more fuel （指火）因燃料用尽而熄灭: The fire had burnt (itself) out before the fire brigade arrived. 在消防队赶到以前, 火已（自行）熄灭. (b) (of a rocket) finish its supply of fuel （指火箭）燃料用尽. burn (sth) out (cause sth to) stop working because of friction or excessive heat （使某物）因摩擦或过热而不能操作; 烧坏: The clutch has burnt out. 离合器因过热而失灵. * burn out a fuse, motor, transformer 烧坏保险丝、发动机、变压器. burn oneself out exhaust oneself or ruin one's health, esp by working too hard 筋疲力尽或损害了自己的健康（尤指因劳累过度）: If he doesn't stop working so hard, he'll burn himself out. 他继续这样拚命地工作, 就会累垮的. burn sb out (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) force sb to leave his house by burning it 放火烧某人的房子迫使其离去: The family was burnt out (of house and home) and forced to leave the area. 这家人因为房子被人放火烧了, 不得不离开这个地区. burn sth out (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) completely destroy sth by burning; gut sth 烧光某物; 烧空某物: The hotel was completely burnt out. 该旅馆毁于大火. * the burnt-out wreck of a car 汽车焚毁後的残骸.(cause sth to) be reduced to the specified state by burning （将某物）烧成某种状态: It burned to ashes. 它已烧成灰烬了. * You've burnt the toast to a cinder, ie so that it is hard and black. 你把面包片烤焦了.(of a fire) burn less brightly or strongly （指火）渐渐烧完; 火力减弱: The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 随着炉火逐渐减弱, 房间越来越冷. burn (sth) down (cause sth to) be destroyed to the foundations by fire （将某物）焚为平地, 烧得精光: The house burnt down in half an hour. 那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地. * Don't leave the gas on  you might burn the house down. 别忘了关煤气炉--不然会把房子烧掉的.remove sth by burning 烧掉某物: Burn the old paint off before re-painting the door. 先把门上的旧漆烧掉再上新漆.(a) (of a fire) produce brighter and stronger flames （指火）燃烧得更旺: put more wood on a fire to make it burn up 再往火上续点木柴让它烧旺些. (b) (of an object entering the earth's atmosphere) be destroyed by heat （指进入地球大气层的物体）着火烧毁. burn sb up (US infml 口) make sb very angry 使某人大动肝火. burn sth up get rid of sth by burning 把某物烧掉; 焚化: burn up all the garden rubbish 把花园里的垃圾都烧掉.n (Brit sl 俚) ride on a motor-cycle, etc at high speed （摩托车等）高速行驶.n  1 part of a gas lamp, oven, etc from which the light or flame comes （煤气灯的）灯头; （煤气烤箱的）炉膛.  2 person who burns sth or makes sth by burning 烧制或烤制某物的人: a charcoal-burner 烧炭工人.  3 (idm 习语) put sth on the back burner => back2.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 intense; extreme 强烈的; 极端的: a burning thirst 极渴 * a burning desire for sth 对某事物的强烈的欲望.  2 very important; urgent; crucial 极其重要的; 紧急的; 关键性的: one of the most burning issues of the day 当前最重要的问题之一./ˈbɜːnɪʃ; `bɝnɪʃ/ v [Tn] make (metal) smooth and shiny by rubbing; polish 将（金属）打磨光亮; 抛光: burnished copper 经过抛光的铜./bɜːˈnuːs; bɝ`nus/ n type of cloak with a hood, worn by Arabs （阿拉伯人穿的）连有兜帽的斗篷.adj marked, damaged or hurt by burning 有烧痕的; 烧坏的; 烧伤的: rather burnt toast 有点焦的面包片 * Your hand looks badly burnt. 你的手好像受了很重的烫伤.thing offered as a sacrifice by burning 燔祭品./bɜːp; bɝp/ n (infml 口) belch 嗝; 饱嗝.

v (infml 口)  1 [I] belch 打嗝.  2 [Tn] cause (a baby) to bring up wind from the stomach, esp by stroking or patting the back 使（婴儿）打嗝（尤指以抚背或拍背的方法）.1 = bur.

/bɜː(r); bɝ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 whirring or humming sound made eg by parts of a machine turning quickly or by a telephone 隆隆声（如机器部件快速运转时发出的）; 嗡嗡声（如电话机的声音）.  2 strong pronunciation of the `r' sound, typical of certain English accents; accent using this 浓重的r音（为英语某些方音）; 带有浓重的r音的口音: speak with a soft West Country burr 用柔和的英国西南部地区的腔调说话.

v [I] make a burr 发浓重的r音./ˈbʌrəʊ; `bʌro/ n hole made in the ground and used as a home or shelter by rabbits, foxes, etc （兔、狐等掘的）地洞.

v  1 (a) [Tn] make (sth) by digging 挖掘成（洞穴等）: Rabbits had burrowed holes in the grassy bank. 兔子在河岸的草地上掘了些洞. (b) [I] dig a hole; tunnel 挖洞; 挖掘地道.  2 (phr v) burrow (one's way) into, through, under, etc move in the specified direction by or as if by digging 借挖掘或似挖掘的动作朝某方向移动: The fox burrowed (its way) under the fence to reach the chickens. 那狐狸在围栏下面掘（一条 路）到鸡窝处. * The prisoners escaped by burrowing under the wall. 囚犯们在墙下掘地道逃走了. * The child burrowed under the bedclothes. 那孩子在被窝里钻来钻去. * (fig 比喻) We had to burrow through a mass of files to find the documents we wanted 我们要在案卷堆里翻来翻去以寻找我们所要的文件./ˈbɜːsə(r); `bɝsɚ/ n  1 person who manages the finances of a school or college （学校的）财务主任.  2 person holding a scholarship at a university （大学中）获奖学金的学生./ˈbɜːsərɪ; `bɝsərɪ/ n  1 college bursar's office （学院的）财务处.  2 scholarship or grant awarded to a student （授予学生的）奖学金或助学金./bɜːst; bɝst/ v (pt, pp burst)  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break violently open or apart, esp because of pressure from inside; explode （使某物）爆炸; 胀破; 爆破: If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了. * The dam burst under the weight of water. 那水坝在水的压力下决口了. * Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂. * (fig 比喻) I've eaten so much I feel ready to burst! 我吃得太多, 肚子都要撑破了! * The river burst its banks and flooded the town. 河水冲决了堤岸, 淹没了城镇. * Don't get so angry! You'll burst a blood-vessel! 别生这么大的气! 会把血管气崩的!  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (only in the continuous tenses 仅用于进行时态) be full to the point of breaking open 满到要胀破的程度: `More pudding?' `No thanks. I'm bursting!' ｀再吃点布丁好吗?＇｀不了, 我肚子已经胀了!＇ * May I use your lavatory  I'm bursting! ie I need to urinate urgently. 我可以用用你们的厕所吗--我实在憋不住了. * a bag bursting with shopping 撑得鼓鼓的购物袋 * (fig 比喻) be bursting with happiness, pride, excitement, etc 充满喜气、骄傲、激情等.  3 (idm 习语) be bursting at the `seams (infml 口) be very full or tight 满满当当: I've eaten so much I'm bursting at the seams. 我吃得太多了, 肚子都要撑破了. be bursting to do sth be very eager to do sth 极欲干某事: She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她迫不及待地要把这个好消息告诉他. burst (sth) `open (cause sth to) open suddenly or violently （使某物）突然或猛然打开: The police burst the door open. 警察把门撞开了.  4 (phr v) burst `in enter (a room, etc) suddenly 突然进入（房间等）: The police burst in (through the door) and arrested the gang. 警察突然闯进（房门）逮捕了那帮人. burst in on sb/sth interrupt sb/sth (by arriving suddenly) （因突然来到）阻碍某人[某事物]: burst in on a meeting 打断会议 * How dare you burst in on us without knocking! 你怎么胆敢不敲门就闯进来! burst into sth send out or produce sth suddenly and violently 突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物: The aircraft crashed and burst into flames, ie suddenly began to burn. 飞机

/bɜːst; bɝst/ n  1 (a) bursting; explosion 爆炸; 爆破: the burst of a shell, bomb 炮弹、炸弹的爆炸. (b) split caused by this 爆裂; 胀裂: a burst in a water-pipe 水管的破裂.  2 brief violent effort; spurt 短暂而巨大的努力; 冲刺: a burst of energy, speed, etc 迸发出的能量、速度等 * work in short bursts 一阵一阵猛干.  3 sudden outbreak of sth 某事物的突然爆发: a burst of anger, enthusiasm, etc 怒火、热情等的迸发 * a burst of applause 一阵欢呼.  4 short series of shots from a gun （枪的）一阵短暂的射击: a burst of machine-gun fire 机关枪的一阵扫射./ˈbɜːtn; `bɝtn/ n (idm 习语) go for a `burton (Brit infml 口) be lost, destroyed or killed 失踪; 被毁; 被杀: It's pouring with rain, so I'm afraid our picnic's gone for a burton. 下起了瓢泼大雨, 我们的野餐恐怕要吹了./ˈberɪ; `bɛrɪ/ v (pt, pp buried)  1 [Tn] (a) place (a dead body) in a grave or in the sea 将（尸体）土葬, 海葬: He was buried with his wife. 他和他妻子葬在一起. * Where is Shakespeare buried? 莎士比亚葬于何处? * He's been dead and buried for years! 他已死亡并且埋葬多年了! (b) (euph 婉) lose (sb) by death 丧: She's eighty-five and has buried three husbands. 她现年八十五岁, 曾三度丧夫.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] hide (sb/sth) in the earth; cover with soil, rocks, leaves, etc 将（某人[某物]）藏匿于地下; 以土壤、石块、树叶等覆盖: buried treasure 埋藏的财宝 * Our dog buries its bones in the garden. 我们的狗把骨头埋藏在花园里. * The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 那所房子被掩埋在十英尺厚的雪底下. * The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed. 矿坑坍塌时, 矿工被活活埋在里面了.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] hide (sb/sth) from sight; cover up 遮盖（某人[某物]）; 覆盖: Your letter got buried under a pile of papers. 你的信压在一堆文件下面了. * She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她双手掩面哭了起来.  4 [Tn] dismiss (sth) from one's mind; completely forget about 从记忆中除去（某事物）; 忘记: It's time to bury our differences and be friends again. 是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了.  5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) plunge sth (into sth) 使某物陷入（某物之中）: The lion buried its teeth in the antelope's neck. 那狮子咬住羚羊的脖子. * He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他走得很慢, 两手插在衣袋里. * Her head was buried in the book she was reading. 她在埋头读书.  6 (idm 习语) ,bury the `hatchet stop quarrelling and become friendly 言归于好. bury/hide one's head in the sand => head1.  7 (phr v) bury oneself in sth (a) go to (a place where one will meet few people) 前往（某隐居处所）: He buried himself (away) in the country to write a book. 他隐居到乡下去写书. (b) involve oneself in or concentrate deeply on sth 埋头于或专心致志于某事物: In the evenings he buries himself in his books. 每天晚上他都埋头读书./bʌs; bʌs/ n (pl buses; US also busses)  1 large vehicle carrying passengers between stopping-places along a fixed route 公共汽车: Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们是步行呢, 还是乘公共汽车呢? * [attrib 作定语] a bus driver/conductor 公共汽车司机[乘务员] * a bus station 公共汽车站.  2 (idm 习语) miss the boat/bus => miss3.

v (pres p busing; also esp US bussing, pt, pp bused; also esp US bussed)  1 [I] (also bus it) travel by bus 乘公共汽车: I usually bus (it) to work in the morning. 我早上通常乘坐公共汽车上班.  2 [Tn] (a) transport (sb) by bus 用公共汽车运送（某人）. (b) (US) transport (children) by bus from white areas to schools in black areas and vice versa, to create racially integrated schools 用公共汽车把儿童从白人区送往黑人区就读, 或从黑人区送往白人区就读, 以在学校实现种族融合.strip of road for use by buses only 公共汽车专用的行车线.n structure at a bus-stop providing shelter for people waiting for a bus （公共汽车停车站为候车乘客设的）候车棚.n regular stopping-place for a bus; sign marking this 公共汽车停车站./ˈbʌzbɪ; `bʌzbɪ/ n tall fur cap worn by hussars, gunners, etc for ceremonial parades, etc （轻骑兵、枪炮手等在阅兵等场合所戴的）高皮帽./bʊʃ; bᴜʃ/ n  1 [C] (a) low thickly-growing plant with several woody stems coming up from the root; shrub （有几个茎的）灌木: a rose bush 蔷薇丛 * gooseberry bushes 醋栗树丛. Cf 参看 tree. (b) thing resembling this, esp a clump of hair or fur 类似灌木之物（尤指蓬乱的毛发或皮毛）.  2 (often 常作 the bush) [U] wild uncultivated land, esp in Africa, Australia and (with forests) Canada 荒野（尤指非洲、澳洲以及加拿大森林地区未开发的地方）.  3 (idm 习语) beat about the bush => beat1. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush => bird.process by which information, rumours, etc spread rapidly （消息、谣言等的）快速传播, 不胫而走.n small African lemur with large eyes and a long tail 灌丛婴猴（非洲的一种大眼长尾的小狐猴）./bʊʃt; bᴜʃt/ adj [pred 作表语] (US infml 口) very tired 疲惫不堪./ˈbʊʃl; `bᴜʃəl/ n  1 measure for grain and fruit (8 gallons or about 36.4 litres) 蒲式耳（计量谷物及水果的单位, 等于8加仑或大约36.4升）.  2 (idm 习语) hide one's light under a bushel => hide1.n [U]./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) member of various S W African tribes living and hunting in the bush 居于西南非洲灌木丛林中以行猎为生的部族的人.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with bushes 长满灌木的.  2 growing thickly; shaggy 茂密的; 粗而蓬乱的: a bushy moustache 粗而密的髭须 * bushy eyebrows 浓密的眉毛. => busy.=> busy.=> busy.

adv: busily engaged on a new project 忙于新的工作项目. busy v (pt, pp busied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tng] ~ oneself (with sth); ~ oneself (in/with) doing sth occupy oneself or keep oneself busy (with sth) 使自己忙于（某事）: busy oneself in the garden, with the housework, etc 忙于园艺、家务等 * He busied himself cooking the dinner. 他忙着做饭./ˈbɪznɪs; `bɪznɪs/ n  1 [C, U] one's usual occupation; profession 日常工作; 职业: He tries not to let (his) business interfere with his home life. 他尽量不让日常工作妨碍他的家庭生活.  2 [U] (a) buying and selling (esp as a profession); commerce; trade 买卖（尤指作为职业）; 商业; 贸易: We don't do (much) business with foreign companies. 我们跟外国公司没有（多少）生意来往. * He's in (ie works in) the oil business. 他做油类生意. * She has set up in business as a bookseller. 她已创业成为书商. * He wants to be a doctor or go into business. 他想当医生或者经商. * [attrib 作定语] a business trip 商务之行 * a business lunch 商务午餐 * business sense, ie knowledge of commercial procedures 商业知识. (b) volume or rate of buying and selling 成交额; 成交率: Business is always brisk before Christmas. 圣诞节前生意总是很兴隆.  3 [C] commercial establishment; firm; shop 商业机构; 公司; 商店: have/own one's own business 有自己的商行 * She runs a thriving grocery business. 她经营着一家生意兴隆的食品杂货店. * Many small businesses have gone bankrupt recently. 近来有许多小商店倒闭.  4 [U] thing that one is rightly concerned with or interested in; duty; task 理应关心的事; 职责; 任务: It is the business of the police to protect the community. 保障社会的安全是警察的职责. * I shall make it my business to find out who is responsible. 我要查出是谁的责任. * My private life is none of your business/is no business of yours. 我的私生活与你毫不相干.  5 [U] things that need to be dealt with; matters to be discussed 需要处理的事; 所讨论的问题: The main business of this meeting is our wages claim. 这次会议的主要议题是我们在工资方面的要求. * Unless there is any other business, we can end the meeting. 如果没有别的事情, 我们的会议可以结束了.  6 [sing] (often derog 常作贬义) matter; affair 事情; 事务; 勾当: an odd, a strange, a disturbing, etc business 怪事、奇事、乱事等 * What a business it is moving house! 搬家这件事真够受的! * I'm sick of the whole business. 我觉得整件事都很讨厌. * That plane crash was an awful business. 那架飞机坠毁了, 真是件address of one's place of work 办公地址; 工作地址.small card printed with sb's name and details of his job and company （业务）名片.hours during which a shop or an office is open for work 营业时间; 办公时间.study of economics and management 经济与管理的学习或研究.adj efficient; systematic 有效的; 有条不紊的: Negotiations were conducted in a businesslike manner. 谈判按部就班地进行./-mn; -ˌmæn/, `businesswoman ns  1 person working in business, esp the manager of a company 从事工商业的人; （尤指）经理.  2 person who is skilful and alert in financial matters 熟悉并精于财经业务的人: I ought to have got a better price for the car but I'm not a very good businessman. 那辆汽车我本该讨个更合适的价钱, 只是我并不大会讨价还价. =>Usage at chair 用法见 chair./bʌsk; bʌsk/ v [I] (infml 口) entertain people in a public place, eg by playing music, for money 在公共场所卖艺（尤指演奏乐曲）. n. n [U]./-mən; -mən/ n (idm 习语) a busman's `holiday holiday spent doing the same thing that one does at work 照常工作的假日./bʌst; bʌst/ n  1 sculpture of a person's head, shoulders and chest 半身雕塑像（包括头、肩、胸）.  2 (a) woman's breasts; bosom 女子的乳房; 胸部. (b) measurement round a woman's chest and back （女子的）胸围: [attrib 作定语] What is your bust size, madam? 小姐, 您胸围的尺寸是多少?

/bʌst; bʌst/ v (pt, pp bust or  busted) (infml 口)  1 [Tn] break (sth); smash 打破（某物）; 打碎: I dropped my camera on the pavement and bust it. 我把照相机掉在人行道上摔坏了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sth) (of the police) raid (a house) or arrest sb （指警方）突击搜查（房屋）或拘捕某人: Mickey's been busted for drugs. 米基曾因毒品事而被捕.  3 [Tn] reduce (sb) to a lower military rank; demote 降低（某人）军阶; 使降级: He was busted (to corporal) for being absent without leave. 他因擅离职守而被降级（为下士）.  4 (phr v) bust up (infml 口) (esp of a married couple) quarrel and separate （尤指夫妻间）争吵而离异: They bust up after five years of marriage. 他们婚後五年离异了. bust sth up cause sth to end; disrupt sth 使某事物终止; 破坏某事物: bust up a meeting 使会议终止 * It was his drinking that busted up their marriage. 是他的酗酒行为破坏了他们的婚姻.

n raid or arrest by the police 警方的突击搜查或拘捕.

adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口)  1 broken; not working 毁坏; 不能操作: My watch is bust. 我的表坏了.  2 bankrupt 破产; 倒闭.  3 (idm 习语) go `bust (of a person or a business) become bankrupt; fail financially （指人或企业）破产.n  1 violent quarrel 激烈的争吵.  2 breaking up of a relationship, esp marriage 关系破裂（尤指婚姻）./ˈbʌstəd; `bʌstɚd/ n large land bird that can run very fast 鸨（一种体大善跑的陆地鸟）./ˈbʌstə(r); `bʌstɚ/ n (US infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) (used as a form of address to a man 用作对男子的称呼): Get lost, buster! 走开, 老兄!/ˈbʌsl; `bʌsl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb to) move busily and energetically (in the specified direction) （使某人）急忙而活跃地（向某方向）移动: bustling about in the kitchen 在厨房里忙得团团转 * She bustled the children off to school. 她催促孩子们上学去.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be full of (noise, activity, etc) 到处是（嘈杂的声音、繁忙的景象等）: bustling streets 熙熙攘攘的街道 * The city centre was bustling with life. 城市中心充满了生活的繁忙景象.

n [U] excited and noisy activity 热闹的活动: the (hustle and) bustle of city life 都市生活的（拥挤和）繁忙景象.

/ˈbʌsl; `bʌsl/ n (formerly) frame or padding used to puff out a woman's dress at the back （旧时）（女装後部的）裙撑, 衬垫.adj having large breasts 乳房大的./ˈbɪzɪ; `bɪzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 ~ (at/with sth); ~ (doing sth) having much to do; working (on sth); occupied (with sth) 忙的; 正做（某事）的; 忙于（某事）的: Doctors are busy people. 医生都是大忙人. * Could I have a word with you, if you're not too busy? 你若不太忙的话, 我跟你说句话行吗? * She's busy at/with her homework. 她正忙着做家庭作业. * Please go away  can't you see I'm busy? 请走开吧--你看不见我正忙着吗? * She's busy writing letters. 她正忙着写信呢.  2 full of activity 繁忙的: a busy day, life, time of year, etc 忙碌的一天、一生、一些日子 * a busy office, street, town 繁忙的事务所、街道、城镇 * Victoria is one of London's busiest stations. 维多利亚站是伦敦最繁忙的一个车站. * The shops are very busy at Christmas. 圣诞节期间店　忙得不可开交.  3 (a) = engaged (engage). (b) being used (and so not available) 正用着的; 正被占用的: The (telephone) line is busy. （电话）占线. * The photocopier has been busy all morning. 影印机一上午都用着.  4 (of a picture or design) too full of detail （指图画或图样）复杂的: This wallpaper is too busy for the bedroom. 这壁纸的图案太乱, 不适合用于卧室.  5 (idm 习语) (as) busy as a bee very busy (and happy to be so) 忙个不停（并以此为乐）: The children are busy as bees, helping their mother in the garden. 孩子们忙个不停地在花园里帮母亲干活儿. get busy start working 开始工作: We've only got an hour to do the job  we'd better get busy. 我们只有一个小时来做这项工作--最好动手干吧./ˈbɪzɪbɒdɪ; `bɪzɪˌbɑdɪ/ n (derog 贬) person who interferes in other people's affairs 好管闲事的人; 多事的人: He's an interfering busybody! 他好管闲事!/bʌt, also bət; bʌt, bət/ adv  1 (esp dated or fml 尤作旧或作文雅语) only 只; 仅仅: He's but a boy. 他不过是个孩子. * If I had but known she was ill, I would have visited her. 我倘若知道她病了, 早就去探望她了. * I don't think we'll succeed. Still, we can but try. 我想我们不会成功. 但是不妨试一试.  2 (idm 习语) one cannot/could not but... (fml 文) one can only...; one is obliged to... 不得不...; 只好...: It was a rash thing to do, yet one cannot but admire her courage. 这事做得过于鲁莽, 然而不能不佩服她的勇气. * I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong. 我不得不承认他对了, 我错了.

/bət; bət; strong form 强读式 bʌt; bʌt/ conj (often used to introduce a word or phrase contrasting with or qualifying what has gone before 常用以引出与前文相对照或修饰前文的词语)  1 on the contrary 相反地; 而; 却: You've bought the wrong shirt. It's not the red one I wanted but the blue one. 你买错了衬衫. 我要的不是红色的; 而是蓝色的. * Tom went to the party, but his brother didn't. 汤姆去参加聚会了, 他的兄弟却没去. * He doesn't like music but his wife does. 他不喜欢音乐, 可他的妻子却很喜欢.  2 (a) yet; however; in spite of this 但; 然而; 尽管如此: She cut her knee badly, but didn't cry. 她弄伤了膝盖, 但是并没有哭. * I'd love to go to the theatre tonight, but I'm too busy. 我倒是很想今晚去看戏的, 只是我太忙了. * This restaurant serves cheap but excellent food. 这家餐馆价廉物美. * He's hard-working, but not very clever. 他很努力, 却不大聪明. (b) yet also; at the same time 但也; 但又; 同时也; 同时又: He was tired but happy after the long walk. 他走了一段很长的路之後, 虽然很累但也很愉快.  3 (dated or fml 旧或文) (usu after a negative 通常用于否定词语之後) without the result that...; without it also being the case that... 而不产生...的结果; 而不同时也...: I never pass my old house but I think of the happy years I spent there. 每当我路过我的故居时, 都会追忆起我在那儿度过的快乐岁月. * No man is so cruel but he may feel some pity. 没有人会残忍到连一点同情心都没有.  4 (showing disagreement, surprise or astonishment 表示异议、惊奇或吃惊): `I'll give you ten pounds to repair the damage.' `But that's not nearly enough!' ｀我给你十英镑赔偿你的损失吧.＇ ｀那可远远不够哇!＇ * `I'm getting married.' `But that's wonderful!' ｀我快要结婚了.＇ ｀啊, 那太好了!＇  5 (used to emphasize a word 用以加强某词的语气): Nothing, but nothing will make me change my mind. 没有任何事情, 绝对没有任何事情可以使我改变主意.  6 (idm 习语) ,but me no `buts don't argue with me or make excuses 不要跟我争辩或推托. ,but that... (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) were it not for the fact that... 要不是...; 若非...: But that you had seen me in the water, I wou

/bət; bət; strong form 强读式 bʌt; bʌt/ prep  1 (used after the negatives nobody, none, nowhere, etc, the question words who, where, etc, and also all, everyone, anyone, etc 用于否定词nobody、none、nowhere等和疑问词who、where等之後, 以及 all、everyone、anyone等之後) except (sb/sth); apart from; other than 除（某人[某事物]）以外; 此外; 不同于: The problem is anything but easy. 这个问题可绝对不容易. * Everyone was there but him. 除了他之外, 所有的人都在. * Nobody but you could be so selfish. 除了你之外, 谁也不会这样自私. * Nothing but trouble will come of this plan. 这个计划只能带来麻烦.  2 (idm 习语) but for sb/sth/ 5bQt fE; `bQt fL/ except for sb/sth; without sb/sth 要不是因为某人[某事物]; 如果没有某人[某事物]: But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨, 我们的假日一定过得很惬意. * But for the safety-belt I wouldn't be alive today. 假若没有安全带, 我就活不到今天了.

/bʌt, also bət; bʌt, bət/ rel pron 关系代词 (dated or fml 旧或文) (after a negative 用于否定词语之後) who/that do/does not 无人[事物]不: There is no man but feels (ie no man who does not feel) pity for starving children. 没有人不同情那些嗷嗷待哺的孩子. * There is not one of us but wishes (ie not one of us that does not wish) to help you. 我们没有一个人不想帮助你./ˈbjuːteɪn; `bjuten/ n [U] inflammable gas produced from petroleum, used in liquid form as a fuel (for cooking, heating, lighting, etc) 丁烷./bʊtʃ; bᴜtʃ/ adj (infml 口)  1 (often derog 常作贬义) (of a woman) having a masculine appearance and behaviour （指女子）（外貌和行为）男性化的.  2 (oftenapprov 常作褒义) (of a man) exaggeratedly or aggressivelymasculine （指男子）极具男子气的, 雄赳赳的./ˈbʊtʃə(r); `bᴜtʃɚ/ n  1 person whose job is killing animals for food or cutting up and selling meat 屠夫; 肉商: buy meat at the butcher's (shop) 在肉铺买肉.  2 (derog 贬) person who kills people unnecessarily and brutally 妄杀无辜者; 刽子手: a mindless butcher of innocent people 滥杀无辜毫无人性的刽子手.

v [Tn]  1 kill and prepare (animals) for meat 屠宰.  2 (derog 贬) kill (people or animals) unnecessarily and brutally 屠杀, 滥杀, 残杀（人或动物）: Women and children were butchered by the rebels. 妇女和儿童遭到叛乱者的屠杀.  3 (fig 比喻) make a mess of (sth); ruin 将（某事物）弄得一团糟; 毁坏: None of the cast can act at all  they're butchering the play. 这班演员中没有一个人会演戏--他们把这个戏演得一团糟.n [U]  1 butcher's trade 屠宰业.  2 unnecessary or brutal killing 无谓而残忍的杀戮./ˈbʌtlə(r); `bʌtlɚ/ n chief male servant of a house, usu in charge of the wine-cellar 男管家（通常负责管理酒窖）./bʌt; bʌt/ n  1 large cask or barrel for storing wine or beer 大酒桶.  2 large barrel for collecting rainwater, eg from a roof （接雨水用的）大水桶（如接房顶滴下的雨水的）.

/bʌt; bʌt/ n  1 thicker end of a tool or weapon （工具或武器）较粗的一端: a rifle butt 步枪的枪托. =>illus at gun 见gun之插图.  2 short piece at the end of a cigar or cigarette that is left when it has been smoked; stub 烟头; 烟蒂: an ashtray full of butts 盛满烟头的烟灰碟.  3 (infml 口 esp US) buttocks; bottom 屁股; 臀部: Get off your butts and do some work! 别老坐着, 干点正经事!

/bʌt; bʌt/ n  1 (a) [C] mound of earth behind the targets on a shooting-range 靶垛. (b) the butts [pl] shooting-range 靶场.  2 [C] person or thing that is often mocked or teased 笑柄（常被嘲笑或戏弄的人或事物）: be the butt of everyone's jokes 成为众人取笑的对象.

/bʌt; bʌt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] hit or push (sb/sth) with the head (like a goat) 以头撞或顶（某人[某物]）（如山羊般）: butt sb in the stomach 撞某人的腹部.  2 [Tn.pr] hit (one's head) on sth （自己的头部）撞到某物上: He butted his head against the shelf as he was getting up. 他起来时一头撞在搁架上了.  3 (phr v) butt in (on sb/sth) (infml 口) interrupt (sb/sth) or interfere (in sth) 干扰（某人[某事物]）; 干涉（某事物）: Don't butt in like that when I'm speaking. 我讲话时别这样打断我的话. * May I butt in on your conversation? 我可以插句话吗?/ˈbʌtə(r); `bʌtɚ/ n  1 [U] fatty food substance, made from cream by churning, that is spread on bread, etc or used in cooking 黄油; 奶油: Would you like some more bread and butter? 再来一点黄油面包好吗? * Shall I use oil or butter for frying the onions? 我用普通油还是黄油来炒洋葱呢?  2 [U] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) similar food substance made from the specified material 黄油状的食品: peanut butter.  3 (idm 习语) (look as if/as though) ,butter would not ,melt in one's `mouth appear innocent, although one is probably not 看起来老老实实（其实并不见得）. like a knife through butter => knife.

v  1 [Tn] spread or put butter on (esp bread) 将黄油涂于（尤指面包）上: (hot) buttered toast 涂了黄油的（热的）烤面包片 * buttered carrots 胡萝卜蘸黄油.  2 (idm 习语) know which side one's bread is buttered => know.  3 (phr v) butter sb up (infml 口) flatter sb 讨好某人: I've seen you buttering up the boss! 我看见你巴结老板来着!/ˈbʌtə biːn; `bʌtɚˌbin/ n large white type of bean, often dried before being sold 利马豆./ˈbʌtəfɪŋgəz; `bʌtɚˌfɪŋˇɚz/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (infml 口) person who is likely to drop things 常拿不住东西的人./ˈbʌtəkʌp; `bʌtɚˌkʌp/ n wild plant with bright yellow cup-shaped flowers 毛茛（一种野生植物, 开杯形黄色花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./ˈbʌtəflaɪ; `bʌtɚˌflaɪ/ n  1 [C] insect with a long thin body and four (usu brightly coloured) wings 蝴蝶. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) person who never settles down to one job or activity for long 无恒心的人; 没常性的人: a social butterfly 交际花.  3 [sing] (also `butterfly stroke) stroke in swimming in which both arms are raised and lifted forwards at the same time while the legs move up and down together 蝶泳: doing (the) butterfly 游蝶泳.  4 (idm 习语) have `butterflies (in one's stomach) (infml 口) have a nervous feeling in one's stomach before doing sth （做某事以前）心慌, 紧张.n [U] liquid that remains after butter has been separated from milk 脱脂乳.n [U] hard toffee made by boiling butter and sugar together 黄油硬糖.adj like, containing or covered with butter 似黄油的; 含黄油的; 涂过黄油的./ˈbʌtək; `bʌtək/ n (esp pl 尤作复数) either of the two fleshy rounded parts of the body on which a person sits 臀部的半边; 半边屁股: the left/right buttock 左[右]臀 * a smack on the buttocks 打在屁股上的一巴掌. =>illus at human 见human之插图./ˈbʌtn; `bʌtn/ n  1 knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc sewn onto a garment as a fastener or as an ornament 钮扣: a coat, jacket, shirt, trouser button 大衣、上衣、衬衫、裤子的钮扣 * lose a button 掉了一个钮扣 * sew on a new button 缝上一个新钮扣 * do one's buttons up 扣上钮扣. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图.  2 small knob that is pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc （操纵门铃、机器开关等的）按钮: Which button do I press to turn the radio on? 我该按哪个按钮才能打开收音机?  3 (idm 习语) bright as a button => bright. on the `button (US infml 口) precisely 正好; 精确; 准确: You've got it on the button! 你完全正确!

v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fasten sth with buttons 扣上某物的钮扣: button (up) one's coat, jacket, shirt, etc 扣上大衣、上衣、衬衫等的钮扣. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) be fastened with buttons 用钮扣扣上: This dress buttons at the back. 这件连衣裙是在背後系扣的.  2 (idm 习语) button (up) one's lip (US sl 俚) be silent 默不作声; 闭口不谈.  3 (phr v) button sth up (infml 口) complete sth successfully 顺利完成某事物: The deal should be buttoned up by tomorrow. 这笔生意应于明天顺利成交.small unopened mushroom 未长开的小蘑菇.collar collar with ends that are fastened to the shirt with buttons 两端有钮扣扣在衬衫上的衣领.silent and reserved; shy 沉默寡言的; 羞答答的: I've never met anyone so buttoned up. 我从来没有见到过这样不爱讲话的人.n  1 slit through which a button is passed to fasten clothing 钮扣孔; 扣眼. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图.  2 flower worn in the buttonhole of the lapel of a coat or jacket 大衣或上衣翻领的钮扣孔上佩带的花.  v [Tn] make (sb) stop and listen, often reluctantly, to what one wants to say 使（某人）停下来（常为勉强地）听着.n hook for pulling a button into place through a buttonhole 钮扣钩（牵引钮扣穿过钮扣孔的钩）./ˈbʌtrɪs; `bʌtrɪs/ n  1 support built against a wall 扶壁. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 thing or person that supports or reinforces sth, or protects against sth 支撑物; 支柱; 支持力量: a country admired as a buttress of democracy 作为民主支柱而为人称道的国家 * He was a buttress against extremism in the party. 他是党内反对极端主义的中坚分子.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) support or strengthen sth 支持或加强某事物: (fig 比喻) More government spending is needed to buttress industry. 为加强工业发展需要政府增加拨款. * You need more facts to buttress up your argument. 你需要有更多的事实来支持你的论据./ˈbʌksəm; `bʌksəm/ adj (usu approv esp joc 通常作褒义, 尤作戏谑语) (of women) plump and healthy-looking; having a large bosom （指女子）健美而丰满的; 乳房突出的./baɪ; baɪ/ v (pt, pp bought/ bR:t; bRt/)  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) obtain (sth) by giving money; purchase 购买（某物）; 采购: House prices are low; it's a good time to buy. 现在房价很低, 买房子正是时候. * Where did you buy that coat? 那件大衣你是在哪儿买的? * I bought this watch (from a friend) for 10. 这个表我是用10英镑（从朋友那里）买的. * Did you buy your car new or second-hand? 你买的汽车是新的还是旧的? * I must buy myself a new shirt. 我得买件新衬衫了. * She's buying a present for her boy-friend. 她在给男朋友购买礼品.  2 [Tn] be the means of obtaining (sth) 换取（某事物）的方法或手段: He gave his children the best education that money could buy. 他不惜花费金钱让孩子得到最好的教育. * Money can't buy happiness. 金钱买不到幸福. * A pound today buys much less than it did a year ago. 今天一英镑远远买不到一年前能买的那么多东西.  3 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] obtain (sth) by a sacrifice 作出牺牲以获得（某事物）: His fame was bought at the expense of health and happiness. 他获得了名声牺牲了健康和幸福. * The victory was dearly bought, ie Many people were killed to achieve it. 胜利是以昂贵的代价换来的（许多人为之丧命）.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) accept (sth) as valid; believe 认为合乎情理而接受（某事物）; 相信: No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口.  5 [Tn] bribe (sb) 贿赂（某人）: He can't be bought, ie is too honest to accept a bribe. 收买不了他.  6 (idm 习语) buy a pig in a `poke buy sth without seeing it or knowing if it is satisfactory 购买物品不看货色或不知是否合意; 隔山买老牛. buy `time delay sth that seems to be about to happen 拖延时间: The union leaders are trying to buy time by prolonging the negotiations. 工会的领袖企图以延长谈判过程来拖延时间.  7 (phr v) buy sth in (a) buy a stock of sth 大量买进某物: buy in coal for the winter 买进大批冬煤. (b) (at an auction) buy back (an item for which the bidding has not reached the agreed price) for the owner （在拍卖中）（因出价未达商妥的价钱）为物主买回（原物）. buy sb off pay sb not to act against one's interests 收买某人: 

n act of buying sth; thing bought 购买; 所购的物品: a good buy, ie a useful purchase or a bargain 便宜货 * Best buys of the week are carrots and cabbages, which are plentiful and cheap. 本星期买胡萝卜和洋白菜最合算, 因货源充足, 价格低廉.n  1 person who buys 购买者: Have you found a buyer for your house? 你那房子找到买主没有?  2 person employed to choose and buy stock for a large shop （大商店的）进货员, 采购员. buyer's market state of affairs when goods are plentiful and prices are low 买方市场（货物充足、价格低廉的市场状况）./bʌz; bʌz/ v  1 [I] (a) make a humming sound 作嗡嗡声: bees, flies and wasps buzzing round a pot of jam 围着果酱罐子嗡嗡叫的蜜蜂、苍蝇、黄蜂. (b) (of the ears) be filled with a humming sound （指耳朵）嗡嗡响: My ears began buzzing. 我的耳朵嗡嗡响起来了.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be full of excited talk, gossip or rumours 充满兴奋的谈话声、闲话或谣言: The courtroom buzzed as the defendant was led in. 被告被带进来时, 审判室里发出一阵嘈杂声. * The village was buzzing with excitement at the news of the Queen's visit. 全村的人都兴奋地谈论着女王莅临的消息. * The office is buzzing with rumours. 办公室里嘁嘁喳喳地议论着谣言.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sb summon sb with a buzzer 用蜂响器传唤某人: The doctor buzzed (for) the next patient. 医生按蜂鸣器传唤下一个病人.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) telephone (sb) 给（某人）打电话: I'll buzz you at work. 我上班时将给你打电话.  5 [Tn] fly close to (sb/sth) as a warning 飞近（某人[某物]）表示警告: Two fighters buzzed the convoy as it approached the coast. 当船队接近海岸时, 两架战斗机飞近示警.  6 (phr v) buzz about/around (sth) move quickly and busily 迅速而匆忙地移动: She buzzed around the kitchen making preparations for the party. 她在厨房里忙来忙去为这次聚会作准备. buzz `off (Brit infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使语气) go away 走开: Just buzz off and leave me alone! 走开, 让我清静一下!

n  1 [C] humming sound (esp one made by an insect) 嗡嗡声（尤指昆虫所发的）: the angry buzz of a bee/wasp 蜜蜂[黄蜂]很响的嗡嗡声.  2 [sing] (a) low confused sound of people talking 乱哄哄的说话声: the buzz of voices in the crowded room 挤满人的房间里乱哄哄的声音. (b) rumour 谣言: There's a buzz going round that the boss has resigned. 有传闻说主管已经辞职了.  3 [C] sound of a buzzer 蜂响器的声音.  4 [sing] (infml 口 esp US) feeling of pleasure or excitement 愉快或兴奋之情: Flying gives me a real buzz. 飞行可真叫我兴奋.  5 (idm 习语) give sb a `buzz (infml 口) make a telephone call to sb 给某人打电话.n specialist or technical word or phrase that becomes fashionable and popular （流行而时髦的）专业词语或技术用语. Cf 参看 vogue-word (vogue)./ˈbʌzəd; `bʌzɚd/ n type of large hawk （一种巨鹰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.n electrical device that produces a buzzing sound as a signal 蜂响器; 蜂鸣器; 蜂音器./baɪ; baɪ/ adv part  1 near 靠近: He stole the money when no one was by. 他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了. * He lives close/near by. 他住在附近.  2 past 经过: drive, go, run, walk, etc by 驶过; 经过; 跑过; 走过等 * He hurried by without speaking to me. 他匆匆经过没有跟我说话. * Excuse me, I can't get by. 劳驾, 请让我过去. * Time goes by so quickly. 时间过得真快.  3 aside; in reserve 在旁边; 保留: lay/put/set sth by 把某物摆[放/搁]在一边 * I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round. 我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝.  4 (idm 习语) by and `by (dated 旧) before long; soon 不久; 马上: They'll be arriving by and by. 他们不久就要到达. by the by/bye = by the way (way1). by and large => large./ˈbaɪɪlekʃn; `baɪɪˌlɛkʃən/ n election of a new Member of Parliament in a single constituency whose member has died or resigned （单独在某一选区举行的）国会议员的补缺选举. Cf 参看 general election (general)./ˈbaɪlɔː; `baɪˌlɔ/ n  1 (also `bye-law) law or regulation made by a local, not a central, authority （地方）法规.  2 (US) regulation of a club or company （俱乐部或公司的）章程./ˈbaɪpleɪ; `baɪˌple/ n [U] (theatre 戏) action apart from and less important than that of the main story 与主要情节无关的次要动作: (fig 比喻) While the chairman was speaking, two committee members were engaged in heated by-play at the end of the table. 主席讲话时, 有两名委员在桌子的另一边一个劲儿地搞小动作./ˈbaɪprɒdʌkt; `baɪˌprɑdʌkt/ n  1 substance produced during the making of sth else 副产品: Ammonia, coal tar and coke are all by-products obtained in the manufacture of coal gas. 氨气、煤焦油、焦煤都是煤气生产过程中的副产品.  2 secondary result; side effect 连带的结果; 副作用: An increase in crime is one of the by-products of unemployment. 犯罪率增加是失业问题造成的一种恶果./ˈbaɪrəʊd; `baɪˌrod/ n (US back road) minor road 小路./baɪ; baɪ/ n (sport 体)  1 (in cricket) run scored from a ball that passes the batsman without being hit by him （板球）漏击得分（球越过击球手未被击中）.  2 situation in which a player having no opponent in one round of a tournament proceeds to the next round as if he had won 轮空（运动员在比赛中因无对手而自动进入下一轮的情况）.

/baɪ; baɪ/ (also bye-bye/ 9baI5baI, `baI9baI/) interj (infml 口) goodbye 再见: Bye(-bye)! See you next week. 再见! 下星期再会./ˈbaɪbaɪz; `baɪˌbaɪz/ n [U] (used esp when speaking to young children 尤用于儿语) sleep 睡觉: It's time to go to/time for bye-byes! 现在该去睡觉了!/ˈbaɪgɒn; `baɪˌˇɑn/ adj [attrib 作定语] past 过去的; 以前的; 过时的: a bygone age 过去的年代 * in bygone days 往日.n (idm 习语) let ,bygones be `bygones (saying 谚) let us forgive and forget past quarrels 过去的事就让它过去吧（让我们互相谅解、捐弃前嫌吧）./ˈbaɪlaɪn; `baɪˌlaɪn/ n line at the beginning or end of an article in a newspaper, etc, giving the writer's name （报刊等的文章开头或结尾）标出作者名字的一行./ˈbaɪpɑːs; <i>US</i> -pæs; `baɪˌpæs/ n  1 road by which traffic can go round a city, busy area, etc instead of through it （绕开城市、闹市区等的）旁道: If we take the bypass we'll avoid the town centre. 我们走旁道, 就能避开市镇的中心.  2 (medical 医) alternative passage for blood to circulate through during a surgical operation, esp on the heart 分路; 旁路; 旁通管; 分流术: [attrib 作定语] bypass surgery 使用旁通管的外科手术.

v [Tn]  1 provide (a town, etc) with a bypass 在（市镇等）外围辟一条旁道: a plan to bypass the town centre 在市镇中心外围开辟旁道的计划.  2 go around or avoid (sth), using a bypass 走旁道以绕过或避开（某物）: We managed to bypass the shopping centre by taking side-streets. 我们尽量走小路以绕过购物中心区. * (fig 比喻) bypass a difficulty, problem, etc 避开困难、问题等.  3 ignore (a rule, procedure, etc) or fail to consult (sb) in order to act quickly 为图省事而不顾（规则、手续等）或不请教（某人）: He bypassed his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal. 他未徵求董事会中同事的意见就做了这笔交易./ˈbaɪstændə(r); `baɪˌstændɚ/ n person standingnear, but not taking part, when sth happens; onlooker 旁观者: an innocent bystander 无辜的旁观者 * Police interviewed several bystanders after the accident. 事故发生後, 警方接见了几个现场旁观者./baɪt; baɪt/ n (computing 计) fixed number of binary digits, often representing a single character 字节; 位组./ˈbaɪweɪ; `baɪˌwe/ n  1 [C] = by-road: highways and byways 大路和小路.  2 byways [pl] (fig 比喻) less important or well-known areas (of a subject) （学科中）较次要或较冷僻的方面: the byways of German literature 德国文学的冷门部分./ˈbaɪwɜːd; `baɪˌwɝd/ n  1 ~ for sth person or thing considered to be a notable or typical example of a quality 代表某种品性的人或事物: His name has becomea byword for cruelty. 他的名字成了残酷无情的别称. * The firm is a byword for excellence. 这家商号是优质的保证.  2 common saying or expression 俗语; 谚语./baɪˈzntaɪn, ˈbɪzəntaɪn; `bɪzənˌtaɪn/ adj  1 of Byzantium or the E Roman Empire 拜占庭帝国的; 东罗马帝国的.  2 of or relating to the Byzantine style of architecture （建筑）拜占庭式的, 拜占庭风格的.  3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) like Byzantine politics, ie complicated, secretive and difficult to change 似拜占庭政治的; 复杂难解的; 行事诡秘的; 难变更的: an organization of Byzantine complexity 像拜占庭复杂诡秘的机构./siː; si/ n (pl C's, c's/ si:z; siz/)  1 the third letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第三个字母: `Cat' starts with (a) C/`C'. cat一字以c字母开始.  2 (music 音) the first note in the scale of C major  C大调音阶中的第一音或音符.  3 academic mark indicating the third highest standard 学业成绩达第三等的评价符号: get (a) C/`C' in physics 物理（学科）得 C.

abbr 缩写 =  1 Cape: C Horn, eg on a map 合恩角（如标于地图上者）.  2 (degree or degrees) Celsius; centigrade: Water freezes at 0C. 水在0C时结冰. Cf 参看 F abbr 缩写 1.  3 (also c) Roman numeral for 100 (Latin centum) 罗马数字的100（源自拉丁文centum）.  4 (also symb 符号为 ) (commerce 商) copyright 版权所有:  Oxford University Press 1986 牛津大学出版社1986.=> C

abbr 缩写 =  1 cent(s).  2 century(1b): in the 19th c  在19世纪 * a c19 church  19世纪的教堂. Cf 参看 cent abbr 缩写.  3 (also ca) (esp before dates 尤用于年代之前) about; approximately (Latin circa) 约, 大约（源自拉丁文circa）: c1890  约1890年.abbr 缩写 = (music 音) country-and-western./ˌsiː əv ˈiː; ˌsi əv `i/ abbr 缩写 = Church of England: Are you C of E? 你是英国国教徒吗? Cf 参看 CE./ˌsiː ɪn ˈsiː; ˌsi ɪn `si/ abbr 缩写 = Commander-in-Chief./ˌsiː ˈəʊ; ˌsi `o/ abbr 缩写 = (on letters, etc addressed to sb staying at sb else's house) care of （用于信件等）由...转交: Mr Peter Brown c/o Mme Marie Duval....玛丽·杜瓦尔夫人转交彼得·布朗先生.abbr 缩写 = cps./ˌsiː eɪ ˈeɪ; ˌsi e `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Civil Aviation Authority 民用航空局./ˌsiː eɪ ˈbiː; ˌsi e `bi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Citizens' Advice Bureau 公民咨询局./kæb; kæb/ n  1 = taxi: Shall we walk or take a cab/go by cab? 咱们走着去呢, 还是坐计程车去?  2 driver's compartment in a train, lorry or crane （机车、卡车或起重机的）驾驶室, 司机室.  3 (formerly) horse-drawn carriage for public hire （旧时）出租马车.n driver of a cab 计程车司机./kəˈbæl; kə`bæl/ n [CGp, C] (group of people involved in a) secret political plot 政治阴谋（集团）./ˈkæbəreɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkæbəˈreɪ; ˌkæbə`re/ n  1 [U, C] entertainment (esp singing or dancing) provided in a restaurant or night-club while the customers are eating or drinking 卡巴莱（餐馆或夜总会中为进食顾客所做的表演, 尤指歌舞）: Have you done any cabaret? 你做过卡巴莱表演吗?  2 [C] such a restaurant or night-club 卡巴莱餐馆或夜总会: a singer in a cabaret 卡巴莱餐馆或夜总会的歌手./ˈkæbɪdʒ; `kæbɪdʒ/ n  1 (a) [C] any of various types of vegetable with green or purple leaves, usu forming a round head 洋白菜, 卷心菜, 包心菜（结球甘蓝的通称）. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] these leaves (usu cooked and) eaten as food 洋白菜（通常指熟的）.  2 [C] (Brit infml 口) (a) dull inactive person without interests or ambition 无精打彩或无进取心的人. (b) person who has lost his mental faculties, eg because of brain damage or illness, and is completely dependent on others 丧失智力的人./ˈkæbɪ; `kæbɪ/ n (infml 口) taxi-driver 计程车司机./ˈkeɪbə(r); `kebɚ/ n long heavy wooden pole thrown in the air as a trial of strength in the Scottish sport of tossing the caber （在苏格兰人的运动中为测臂力而投掷使用的）长而重的木杆./ˈkæbɪn; `kæbɪn/ n  1 small room or compartment on a ship, an aircraft or a spacecraft （轮船或飞行器的）舱室: book a cabin on a boat 预订船舱 * the pilot's cabin 飞行员室.  2 small hut or shelter, usu made of wood 小棚屋（通常为木制的）.second highest standard of accommodation on a ship （轮船）二等舱.= cruiser (cruise).n boy who works as a waiter on a ship （船上的）（男）服务员./ˈkæbɪnɪt; `kæbənɪt/ n  1 [C] piece of furniture with drawers or shelves for storing or displaying things 储藏柜: a filing cabinet 文件柜 * a medicine cabinet 药品柜 * a china cabinet 瓷器柜.  2 [C] case or container for a radio, record-player or television （放收音机、唱机或电视机的）框架或间格.  3 (also the Cabinet) [CGp] group of the most important government ministers, responsible for government administration and policy 内阁: Members of the Cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister. 内阁阁员是由首相挑选的. * [attrib 作定语] a cabinet minister, meeting, reshuffle 内阁阁员、会议、改组.n craftsman who makes fine wooden furniture 家具木工; 细木工./ˈkeɪbl; `kebl/ n  1 [C, U] (length of) thick strong rope made of fibre or wire, used esp for tying up ships 绳缆, 绳索（尤指系船用的）.  2 [C] rope or chain of an anchor 锚索; 锚链.  3 [C] (as a nautical measure) one tenth of a nautical mile, about 200 yards 链（海上测距单位, 等于十分之一海里, 约200码）. =>App 5 见附录5.  4 [C] (a) set of insulated wires (esp one laid underground or on the bottom of the sea) for carrying messages by telegraph （用以通电报的）绝缘导线; （尤指）地下电缆, 海底电缆. (b) (also cablegram) message sent abroad in this way 电报: send sb/receive a cable 拍给某人[接收]电报. Cf 参看 telegram.  5 [C] set of insulated wires for carrying electricity overhead 架空电缆.

v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (from...) send a cable to sb abroad 给海外某人拍发电报: Please write or cable. 请来信或来电. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] inform (sb) by cable 给（某人）拍发电报: Don't forget to cable us as soon as you arrive. 别忘了一到就给我们打个电报. (c) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (money, a message, etc) by cable 用电报汇（款）; 打电报传送（信息）: News of his death was cabled to his family. 他的死讯已电告其家属.railway on a steep slope along which cars are drawn up and down by a moving cable with power from a stationary engine at the bottom or the top 缆车铁路.stitch in knitting that resembles twisted rope 缆绳状针织法.system of broadcasting television programmes by cable to subscribers 缆线电视; 有线电视.n car supported and drawn by a moving cable, usu carrying passengers up or down a mountain 缆车./ˈkeɪblgrm; `keblˌˇræm/ n = cable n 4./kəˈbuːdl; kə`budl/ n (idm 习语) the whole caboodle => whole./kəˈbuːs; kə`bus/ n  1 kitchen on a ship's deck （轮船上的）厨房.  2 (US) guard's van, esp on a goods train 守车（尤指铁路货车上的）.n (US) = taxi-rank (taxi)./kəˈkɑːəʊ, also kəˈkeɪəʊ; ˌkə`kɑo, ˌkə`keo/ n (pl ~s) (a) (also ca`cao-bean) seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made 可可豆. (b) (also cac`ao-tree) tropical tree on which this grows 可可树./kæʃ; kæʃ/ n (a) place for hiding food, treasure or weapons 隐藏食物、财宝或武器的地方; 贮藏处. (b) hidden store of food, etc （隐藏的食物等的）贮存物: an arms cache 贮藏的武器.

v [Tn] place (sth) in a cache 将（某物）藏于贮藏处./ˈkæʃeɪ; <i>US</i> kæˈʃeɪ; kæ`ʃe/ n  1 [U] respect or admiration that sb gets because of his reputation or his achievements; prestige 威望; 声望; 威信: Her success in business had earned her a certain cachet in society. 她事业有成, 赢得了一定的社会声望.  2 [C] distinguishing mark showing the excellence or authenticity of sth （表明某物优良可靠的）荣誉标志: Rembrandt's paintings show the cachet of genius. 伦勃朗的绘画是天才的象徵./ˈkæʃuː; <i>US</i> kəˈʃuː; kə`ʃu/ n scented sweet eaten (esp formerly) to make the breath smell pleasant 口香糖（尤指旧时用以使口气芬芳的）./ˈkækl; `kækl/ n  1 [U] loud clucking noise that a hen makes after laying an egg （母鸡生蛋後的）咯咯叫声: the cackle of hens/geese 母鸡[母鹅]的咯咯叫声.  2 [C] loud raucous or silly laugh 哈哈大笑; 咯咯大笑; 傻笑: The old woman gave a loud cackle. 老太太咯咯地笑起来了.  3 [U] noisy chatter 高声谈话.  4 (idm 习语) cut the `cackle (infml 口) stop talking about irrelevant or unimportant matters 少说废话.

v [I, Ip]  1 (of a hen) make a cackle （指母鸡）咯咯叫.  2 (of a person) laugh or chatter noisily （指人）高声谈笑: cackling on for hours 高声谈笑半天./-nəs; -nəs/ adj./kəˈkɒfənɪ; kə`kɑfənɪ/ n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] loud unpleasant mixture of discordant sounds 响亮而不和谐的声音; 刺耳的声音. /ˈkæktəs; `kæktəs/ n (pl ~es or cacti/ 5kktaI; `kAktaI/) any of various types of plants growing in hot dry regions, with thick fleshy stems and usu prickles, but no leaves 仙人掌. =>illus 见插图./kæd; kæd/ n (dated derog 旧, 贬) man who behaves dishonourably 下流男子: He's no gentleman, he's a cad. 他可不是正经人, 他是个无赖./kəˈdɑːvə(r), also -ˈdeɪv-; <i>US</i> kəˈdævər; kə`dævɚ/ n (esp medical 尤用于医学) dead body of a person; corpse 死尸; 尸体./kəˈdvərəs; kə`dævərəs/ adj looking like a corpse; very pale and gaunt 像死尸的; 苍白的; 死灰的.v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act as a caddie 当球僮: Would you like me to caddie for you? 我给你当球僮好吗?/ˈkædɪ; `kædɪ/ n person who carries a golfer's clubs for him during a game 球僮（为打高尔夫球的人背球棒的人）./ˈkdɪʃ; `kædɪʃ/ adj of or like a cad 下流人的; 像下流人的: a caddish trick 卑鄙的手段./ˈkædɪ; `kædɪ/ n = tea-caddy (tea)./ˈkeɪdns; `kedns/ n  1 rhythm in sound 节奏; 韵律.  2 rise and fall of the voice in speaking （说话时语调的）抑扬顿挫: recite poetry with beautiful cadences 以优美的韵律朗诵诗歌.  3 end of a musical phrase 乐章的结尾./kəˈdenzə; kə`dɛnzə/ n (music 音) elaborate passage played by the soloist, usu near the end of a movement in a concerto 华彩段（通常在协奏曲近结尾处独奏者发挥技巧的段落）./kəˈdet; kə`dɛt/ n young person training to become a policeman or an officer in the armed forces 受训当警察或军官的年轻人: army/naval/air force cadets 陆[海/空]军学员 * a police cadet 见习警察.(in some British schools) organization giving military training to older boys （英国某些学校中）对高年级男生进行军训的组织./kædʒ; kædʒ/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) get or try to get (sth) (from sb) by asking, often unreasonably （向某人）索要或要求（某事物）（常为无缘故的）; 占便宜: Could I cadge a lift with you? 我能顺便坐你的汽车吗? * He's always cadging meals from his friends. 他总吃朋友的便宜饭. n./ˈkædmɪəm; `kædmɪəm/ n [U] chemical element, a soft bluish-white metal that looks like tin 镉. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈkɑːdə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkædrɪ; `kædrɪ/ n  1 small permanentgroup of trained workers, soldiers, etc that can be enlarged when necessary 核心小组（受过训练的工作人员、军人等, 必要时可以扩充）.  2 a member of such a group 干部./ˈsiːzə(r); `sizɚ/ n title of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to Hadrian 凯撒（古罗马帝国自奥古斯都至哈德良期间皇帝的称号）./sɪˈzeərɪən; sɪ`zɛrɪən/ n (also Cesarian, Cae,sarean `section) surgical operation for delivering a baby by cutting the walls of the mother's abdomen and uterus 剖腹产术: It was a difficult birth: she had to have a Caesarean. 她因为难产, 要做剖腹产术./sɪˈzjʊərə; <i>US</i> sɪˈʒʊərə; sɪ`ʒᴜrə/ n pause near the middle of a line of poetry 一行诗句近中间处的停顿./ˈkæfeɪ; <i>US</i> kæˈfeɪ; kæ`fe/ n small inexpensive restaurant serving light meals and (in Britain usu non-alcoholic) drinks 小餐馆（在英国通常不供应酒类）./ˌkæfəˈtɪərɪə; ˌkæfə`tɪrɪə/ n restaurant (esp in a factory or college) in which customers collect their meals on trays from a counter 自助食堂（尤指工厂或学校中自己用托盘从柜台领取食物的）./ˈkæfiːn; `kæfin/ n [U] stimulant drug found in tea leaves and coffee beans 咖啡硷; 咖啡因./ˈkæftæn; `kæftæn/ n  1 long loose garment, usu with a belt at the waist, worn by men in the Near East （近东男子穿的肥大的）长袍（通常有腰带）.  2 woman's long loose dress （女用肥大的）长袍.v  1 [Tn] put or keep (sb/sth) in a cage 将（某人[某物]）关入笼中.  2 (phr v) cage sb in make sb feel that he is in a cage 使某人觉得身困笼中: I felt terribly caged in in that office. 我呆在那个办公室里感觉真像在笼子里一样.n  1 structure made of bars or wires in which birds or animals are kept or carried 鸟笼; 兽槛.  2 enclosed platform used to raise and lower people and equipment in the shaft of a mine （矿井中的）升降车./ˈkeɪdʒɪ; `kedʒɪ/ adj (cagier, cagiest) ~ (about sth) (infml 口) cautious about giving information; wary; secretive 秘而不宣的; 谨小慎微的; 讳莫如深的: He's very cagey about his family. 他对他家庭的事守口如瓶. adv. n [U]./kəˈguːl; kə`ˇul/ n light long waterproof jacket with a hood 有兜帽的轻便长雨衣./kəˈhuːts; kə`huts/ n (idm 习语) be in cahoots (with sb) (infml 口 esp US) be planning sth (usu dishonest) with sb; be in league (with sb) 与某人合谋某事（通常为坏事）; （与某人）结伙: The two criminals were in cahoots (with each other). 那两个罪犯（彼此）勾结在一起.= cayman./keən; kɛrn/ n mound of rough stones built as a landmark or as a memorial, eg on a mountain top 堆石标（作路标或纪念用的石堆, 如在山顶上的）./ˈkeɪsn; `kesn/ n  1 large watertight box or chamber in which men can work under water (eg when building foundations) 沉箱（工人进行水下作业, 如建底座时所乘的大潜水箱）.  2 large box (usu on wheels) in which ammunition is carried 弹药箱; （通常为）弹药车./kəˈdʒəʊl; kə`dʒol/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb(into/out of sth); ~ sb (into/out of doing sth) persuade sb (to do sth) by flattery or deceit; coax sb 哄骗某人（作某事）; 劝诱某人: She was cajoled into (accepting) a new contract. 她受人哄骗而接受了新合同. (b) ~ sth out of sb get (information, etc) from sb in this way 以上述手段从某人处得到（信息等）: The confession had to be cajoled out of him. 连哄带劝他才坦白. n [U]./keɪk; kek/ n  1 [C, U] sweet food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc baked in a certain shape or size and usu iced or decorated 糕; 蛋糕; 糕饼: a sponge cake 海绵状蛋糕 * a chocolate cake 巧克力蛋糕 * a fruit cake 水果蛋糕 * a piece/slice of (birthday) cake 一块[片]（生日）蛋糕 * an assortment of fancy cakes 什锦花蛋糕 * Have some more cake! 再多吃些蛋糕!  2 [C] other food mixture cooked in a round flat shape 饼: `fish cakes 鱼肉饼 * po`tato cakes 马铃薯饼.  3 [C] shaped or hardened mass of a substance 块状物: a cake of soap 一块肥皂.  4 (idm 习语) cakes and `ale pleasurable things in life 生活中的乐事; 吃喝玩乐: Life isn't all cakes and ale, you know. 要知道生活并非都是吃喝玩乐. get, want, etc a slice/share of the `cake get, etc a share of the benefits or profits one is or feels entitled to, eg as an employee of a business or an industry or as a member of a profession 得到应得的一份利益: As workers in a profit-making industry, miners are demanding a larger slice of the cake. 矿工们身处赚钱的企业, 要求多分一杯羹. have one's cake and `eat it (infml 口) enjoy the benefits from two alternative courses of action, etc when only one or the other is possible （在两者中只可得其一时）两者兼得: He wants a regular income but doesn't want to work. He can't have his cake and eat it! 他又想要有稳定的收入, 又不想工作. 他不能两者兼得. a piece of cake => piece1. sell like hot cakes => sell. take the biscuit/cake => biscuit.

v  1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover sth thickly (with sth that becomes hard when dry （以乾後可变硬的东西）厚厚地覆盖某物): His shoes were caked with mud. 他鞋上粘着厚厚的泥.  2 [I] harden into a compact mass 结成硬块: Blood from the wound had caked on his face. 伤口的血在他脸上结成了硬块.abbr 缩写 = calorie(s)./kæl; kæl/ abbr 缩写 = computer-aided/-assisted learning 计算机辅助学习; 电脑辅助学习./ˈkæləbæʃ; `kæləˌbæʃ/ n   1 large fruit or gourd of which the hard outer skin is used as a container for liquids 葫芦.  2 tropical American tree on which this grows 葫芦树（产于热带美洲）./ˈkæləmaɪn; `kæləˌmaɪn/ n [U] (also calamine lotion) pink lotion used to soothe sore or burnt skin 炉甘石洗剂（用作皮肤灼伤止痛的粉红色药液）./kəˈlæmɪtəs; kə`læmətəs/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) involving or causing a calamity; disastrous 受灾的; 造成灾害的; 灾难的./kəlˈæmətɪ; kə`læmətɪ/ n serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸; 灾难: The earthquake was the worst calamity in the country's history. 那次地震是全国有史以来最严重的灾难. * (joc 谑) There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你驾驶考试不合格来说, 更大的灾难还多着呢./ˌkælsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌkælsəfɪ`keʃən/ n [U]./ˈkælsɪfaɪ; `kælsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) harden by a deposit of calcium salts （使某物）钙化. /ˌkælsɪˈneɪʃn; ˌkælsɪ`neʃən/ n [U] conversion of a metal into an oxide by burning 锻烧./ˈkælsaɪn; `kælsaɪn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) be reduced to powder by burning; burn to ashes （使某物）烧成粉末; 烧成灰./ˈkælsɪəm; `kælsɪəm/ n [U] chemical element, a greyish-white metal found as a compound in bones, teeth and chalk 钙. =>App 10 见附录10.compound of calcium and carbon used in making acetylene gas 碳化钙.white crystalline compound of calcium; slaked lime 氢氧化钙; 熟石灰./ˈkælkjʊləbl; `kælkjələbl/ adj that can be calculated 可计算的; 可推算的; 可估计的./ˈkælkjʊleɪt; `kælkjəˌlet/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] work (sth) out by using numbers or one's judgement; estimate 计算; 推算; 估计: calculate the cost of sth/how much sth will cost 计算某事物的费用 * Scientists have calculated that the world's population will double by the end of the century. 科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍. * I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 pm. 我估计我们大约在下午3时到达伦敦.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] (US infml 口) suppose (sth); believe 认为; 觉得; 相信.  3 (idm 习语) be calculated to do sth be intended or designed to do sth 打算或计划做某事: This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 这个广告是针对儿童设计的. * His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd. 他讲的话是有意鼓动群众的. a calculated `insult deliberate or premeditated insult 故意的或存心的侮辱. a calculated `risk risk taken deliberately with full knowledge of the dangers （明知有危险）有意进行的冒险.  4 (phr v) calculate on sth/doing sth depend or rely on sth 指望或依靠某事物: We can't calculate on (having) good weather for the barbecue. 我们不能指望着（有）好天气才去烧烤.adj selfishly scheming; shrewd 有私心的; 精明的: a cold and calculating killer 冷酷而诡诈的凶手 * a calculating businessman 精明的生意人./ˌkælkjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌkælkjə`leʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (result of) calculating 计算, 推算, 估计（的结果）: Our calculations show that the firm made a profit of over1000000 last year. 我们的计算结果表明公司去年赢利超过1000000英镑. * You're out (ie You have made a mistake) in your calculations. 你失算了（你犯了个错误）. * After much calculation (ie careful thought) they offered him the job. 他们经过慎重考虑以後, 把这项工作交给他了.  2 [U] scheming 计划; 策划./ˈkælkjʊleɪtə(r); `kælkjəˌletɚ/ n  1 small electronic device for making mathematical calculations 计算器.  2 person who calculates 计算的人./ˈkælkjʊləs; `kælkjələs/ n (pl -li/ -laI; -9laI/ or -luses/ -lEsIz; -lEsIz/) branch of mathematics, divided into two parts (differential calculus and integral calculus), that deals with problems involving rates of variation 微积分（学）.(esp US) = cauldron./ˈkælɪndə(r); `kæləndɚ/ n  1 (a) chart showing the days, weeks and months of a particular year 日历: Do you have next year's calendar? 你有明年的日历吗? (b) device that can be adjusted to show the date each day 日历仪（可校准显示每日日期的装置）: a desk calendar 座台日历仪.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) list of dates or events of a particular kind 日程表: The Cup Final is an important date in the sporting calendar. 足总杯决赛在运动日程表中是个重要日子.  3 system by which time is divided into fixed periods, and of marking the beginning and end of a year 历法: the Gregorian/Julian/Muslim calendar 格雷果里[儒略/穆斯林]历.1 any one of the twelve months of the calendar 历月（日历中十二个月份中的任何一个月）. Cf 参看 lunar month (lunar).  2 period of time from a certain date in one month to the same date in the next one 从某月某日至下月同一日的期间.period of time from 1 January to 31 December in the same year 历年（从1月1日至同年12月31日的期间）./ˈkælɪndə(r); `kæləndɚ/ n machine for pressing and smoothing cloth or paper 砑光机, 轮压机（压光布或纸的机器）.

v [Tn] press (sth) in a calender 用砑光机压光（某物）./kɑːf; <i>US</i> kæf; kæf/ n (pl calves/ kB:vz; ?@ kvz; kAvz/)  1 [C] (a) young of cattle 小牛; 犊. =>illus at cow 见cow. Cf 参看 bull1 1, cow1 1. (b) young of the seal, the whale and certain other animals （海豹、鲸及其他一些动物的）仔, 幼兽. Cf 参看 bull1 2, cow1 2.2 [U] (also `calfskin) leather made from the skin of a calf 小牛皮革.  3 (idm 习语) (be) in/with `calf (of a cow) pregnant （指母牛）怀孕的. kill the fatted calf => kill.

/kɑːf; <i>US</i> kæf; kæf/ n (pl calves/ kB:vz; ?@kvz; kAvz/) fleshy back part of the leg below the knee 腓（自膝以下的小腿後部多肉的部分）; 腿肚子. =>illus at human 见human.= puppy-love (puppy)./ˈkælɪbreɪt; `kæləˌbret/ v [Tn] mark or correct the units of measurement on (the scale of a thermometer or some other measuring instrument) 标定或校准（温度计或其他一些计量器刻度）上的计量单位./ˌkælɪˈbreɪʃn; ˌkælɪ`breʃən/ n  1 [U] action of calibrating 标定或校准计量单位.  2 [C] units of measurement marked on a thermometer, etc （温度计等的）刻度./ˈkælɪbə(r); `kæləbɚ/ n  1 [C] diameter of the inside of a tube or gun-barrel （管子或枪炮筒的）口径.  2 [U] quality; ability; distinction 质量; 能力; 特性: His work is of the highest calibre. 他的工作质量最高. * The firm needs more people of your calibre. 公司需要多找些有你这种才干的人./ˈkælɪkəʊ; `kæləˌko/ n (pl ~es; US ~s) [U, C]  1 (esp Brit) type of cotton cloth, esp plain white or unbleached 棉布（尤指素白的或未经漂白的）.  2 (esp US) printed cotton fabric 印花棉布.= calliper./ˈkeɪlɪf; `kelɪf/ n (a) title formerly used by Muslim rulers who were successors of Muhammad 哈里发（旧时用作默罕默德继承者穆斯林统治者的称号）. (b) chief civil and religious ruler in certain Muslim countries 哈里发（某些穆斯林国家中政教合一的统治者）./ˈkælɪfeɪt; `kælɪˌfet/ n position, reign or territory of a caliph 哈里发的职位、统治或辖区.= callisthenics.(US) = caulk./kɔːl; kɔl/ n  1 [C] shout; cry 呼喊; 喊叫: a call for help 大声呼救 * They came at my call, ie when I shouted to them. 我把他们喊来了.  2 [C] characteristic cry of a bird （鸟的）鸣叫, 啼叫.  3 [C] signal sounded on a horn, bugle, etc 喇叭、军号等的号声.  4 [C] short visit (to sb's house) （到某人家）拜访: pay a call on a friend 访友 * The doctor has five calls to make this morning. 今早大夫要去五家出诊. * We must return her call, ie visit her because she visited us. 我们得到她家回访.  5 [C] (also `phone call, ring) act of telephoning; conversation on the telephone 打电话; 用电话交谈: give sb/make/receive/return a call 给某人打[拨/接/回]电话 * Were there any calls for me while I was out? 我出去的时候, 有人来过电话吗?  6 (a) [C] order, signal or invitation, esp to come or meet; summons 命令, 信号, 邀请（尤指使之前来或相见）; 召唤: The Prime Minister is waiting for a call to the Palace. 首相待召进宫. * An actor's call tells him when to go on stage. 有个演员示意让他到时上场. * This is the last call for passengers travelling on flight BA 199 to Rome. 乘坐英航199号班机飞往罗马的乘客, 这是最後一次通知. * (fig 比喻) He answered the call of duty and enlisted in the army. 他应徵入伍. (b) [sing] ~ (of sth) inner urge to follow a course of action or profession; vocation 感召; 神召: feel the call (of the priesthood) 感到（教士圣职的）神召. (c) [sing] ~ of sth attraction or fascination of (a particular place or activity) （某处或某活动的）吸引力, 诱惑力: the call of the sea, of the wild, of faraway places, etc 大海、荒野、遥远地方等的吸引力. (d) [C] ~ for sth request or demand for sth 对某事物的要求或号召: The President made a call for national unity. 总统号召全国人民团结起来. * There were calls for the Prime Minister's resignation from the Opposition parties. 在反对党中, 有人要求首相辞职.  7 [U] ~ for sth (esp in negative sentences and questions 尤用于否定句及疑问句中) need or occasion for sth 对某事物的需要, 必要或理由: There isn't much call for such things these days. 这种东西近来需求量不大. * There was no call for such rudeness. 没必要这么粗暴.  8 [C] ~ on sb/sth demand on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的需求: He is a busy man with many calls on his time. 他很忙, 有很多事需要花时间去做.  9 [C] (in card-games) player's bid or turn to bid （纸牌戏中）叫牌, 轮到叫牌: It's your call, partner. 伙伴, 该你叫牌了.  10 (idm 习语) at one's/sb's beck and call => beck2. a call of `nature (euph 婉) need to urinate or defecate 要小便或大便. a close call => close1. (be) on `call (esp of a doctor) available for work if necessary （尤指医生）随叫随到: Who's on call tonight? 今晚谁值班? a port of call => port1. within `call near enough to hear sb shouting (for help, etc) 在（求救等）喊声能听到的范围内; 附近.

/kɔːl; kɔl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (out) to sb (for sth); ~ (sth) (out) say (sth) loudly to attract sb's attention; shout; cry 大声说（某事物）以引起别人注意; 喊; 叫: I thought I heard sb calling. 我好像听见有人喊叫. * Why didn't you come when I called (out) (your name)? 我喊（出）（你名字）的时候, 你为什么不来? * She called to her father for help. 她向父亲喊叫求救. * The injured soldiers called out in pain. 受伤的士兵疼得大叫. * The teacher called out the children's names, eg to check they were all present. 教师大声点名（如考勤）.  2 [I] (of a bird or an animal) make its characteristic cry （指禽兽）叫.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] order or ask (sb/sth) to come (to a specified place) by shouting, telephoning, writing, etc; summon （通过喊叫、电话、文字等）命令或要求（某人[某物]）来（到某处）; 召唤: call the fire brigade, the police, a doctor, an ambulance, etc 叫消防队、警察、医生、救护车等 * Call the children (in): it's time for tea. 叫孩子们（进来）, 该吃下午茶点了. * Several candidates were called for a second interview. 有几个候选人被叫来作第二次面试. * The doctor has been called (away) to an urgent case. 医生被叫去看急症病人了. * The ambassador was called back to London by the Prime Minister. 大使被首相召回伦敦. * I have to be at the airport in 20 minutes  please call (me) a taxi. 我20分钟後得到机场--请（给我）叫辆计程车. * call sb's attention to sth, ie invite sb to examine or think carefully about sth 叫某人注意某事.  4 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (in/round) (on sb/at...) (for sb/sth) make a short visit; go to sb's house, etc (to get sth or to go somewhere with him)拜访; 去某人家等（取某物或与他去某处）: Let's call (in) on John/at John's house. 咱们去拜访约翰吧[去约翰家吧]. * He was out when I called (round) (to see him). 我去拜访（探望他）的时候, 他不在家. * I'll call for (ie collect) you at 7 o'clock. 我7点钟到你家接你. * Will you call in at the supermarket for some eggs and milk? 你顺便去超级市场买些鸡蛋和牛奶好吗? =>Usage at visit 用法见visit. (b) [Ipr] ~ at... (of a train, etc) stop at (a place) （指火车等）在（某处）停靠: The train on platform 3 is for London, calling at Didcot and Reading. 第3站台的火车开往伦敦, 在迪科特和雷丁停车.  5 [I, Tn] telephone (sb) 给（某人）打电话: I'll call (you) again later. 我稍後再（给你）打电话. * My brother called me (from Leeds) last night. 我弟弟昨晚（从利兹）给我打来电话.  6 [Tn] order (sth) to take place; announce 令（某事）举行, 进行; 宣布: call a meeting, an election, a strike 举行会议、选举、罢工.  7 [Tn] wake (sb) 叫醒（某人）: Please call me at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning. 请在明早7点钟把我叫醒.  8 [Cn.a, Cn.n] (a) describe or address (sb/sth) as, name 给（某人[某事物]）取名; 将（某人[某事物]）称为或叫作: How dare you call me fat! 你怎么敢叫我胖子! * His name is Richard but we call him Dick. 他名叫里查, 可是我们都叫他迪克. * What's your dog called? 你的狗叫什么名字? * (ironic 反语) He hasn't had anything published and he calls himself a writer! 他什么都没发表过, 却自称作家! (b) consider (sb/sth) to be; regard as 认为（某人[某事物]是; 看作: I call his behaviour mean and selfish. 我认为他的行为卑鄙、自私. * I would never call German an easy language. 我认为德语可不容易学. * How can you be so unkind and still call yourself my friend? 你怎么能这么不通人情, 还自称是我的朋友? * You owe me ￡5.04  let's call it <CHINN>￡5</CHIN>, ie settle the sum at ￡5. 你欠我5.04英镑--就算5英镑吧.  9 [I, Tn] (in card-games) declare (a trump suit, etc); bid （纸牌戏中）定（王牌等）; 叫牌: Have you called yet? 你叫牌了吗? * Who called hearts? 谁定的红桃?  10 (idm 习语) be/feel called to (do) sth be/feel summoned to a particular profession or vocation 被召[感召]任某种职务或使命: be called to the bar, ie become a barrister 成为讼务律师 * feel called to the ministry/the priesthood 被牧师[教士]使命感召. bring/call sb/sth to mind => mind1. call sb's `bluff challenge sb to do what he is threatening to do (believing that he will not dare to do it) 要求某人摊牌（迫使某人做他威胁要做的事--认为他不敢做）; 向某人挑战. call a `halt (to sth) stop (work, a habit, etc) 停止（工作）; 改掉（某习惯）: Let's call a halt (to the meeting) and continue tomorrow. 咱们暂停（会议）, 明天接着开. call sth into being (fml 文) create sth 创造某事物. call sth into play bring sth into operation 发挥; 发扬; 发动; 调动: Chess is a game that calls into play all one's powers of concentration. 下国际象棋要全神贯注才行. call sth in/into `question doubt sth or cause sth to be doubted 怀疑某事物; 使某事物受怀疑: His honesty has never been called in question. 他的诚实从未有人怀疑过. call it a `day (infml 口) decide or agree to stop (doing sth) temporarily or permanently 决定或同意暂时或永久停止（进行某事物）: After forty years in politics he thinks it's time to call it a day, ie to retire. 他从政四十年, 认为该结束了（退休）. call it `quits (infml 口) agree to stop a contest, quarrel, etc on even terms （同意不分胜负）停止比赛、争吵等. call sb `names jeer at or insult sb 嘲弄或侮辱某人. call sth one's `own claim sth as one's property 声称某事物归自己所有: He has nothing he can call his own. 他一无所有. call the `shots/the `tune (infml 口) be in a position to control a situation 控制; 操纵; 定调子. call a spade a `spade speak plainly and frankly 直言不讳. call sb to account (for/over sth) make sb explain (an error, a loss, etc) 使某人解释（错误、损失等）: His boss called him to account for failing to meet the deadline. 老板叫他解释未能按时完成的原因. call sb/sth to order ask (people in a meeting) to be silent so that business may start or continue 要求（与会者）安静（以便开始或继续进行正事）. he who pays the piper calls the tune => pay2. the pot calling the kettle black => pot1.  11 (phr v) call by (infml 口) visit a place or a person briefly when passing 顺路参观某处或探望某人: Could you call by on your way home? 你回家的时候, 能顺路来一下吗?require, demand or need sth 要求、需求或需要某事物: The situation calls for prompt action. 形势所迫, 必须立即采取行动. * `I've been promoted.' `This calls for a celebration!' ｀我已经升职了.＇｀这可得庆祝一下喽!＇ * That rude remark was not called for! 何必说那么难听的话! Cf 参看 uncalled-for.(a) formally invite or request sb (to speak, etc) 郑重邀请或要求某人（讲话等）: I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 现在请主席致辞. (b) appeal to or urge sb (to do sth) 恳求或促使某人（做某事）: We are calling upon you to help us. 我们恳求你帮助我们. * I feel called upon (ie feel that I ought) to warn you that.... 我觉得我应该提醒你....(US infml 口) reprimand or scold sb severely 严厉申斥或责骂某人. call sth down on sb (fml 文) invoke (curses, etc) on sb 祈求（降祸...）于某人.(a) summon sb, esp to an emergency 召唤某人（尤指处理紧急事件）: call out the fire brigade, troops, guard, etc 召（集）消防队、部队、守卫人员等. (b) order or advise (workers) to go on strike 命令或建议（工人）罢工: Miners were called out (on strike) by union leaders. 矿工遵照工会领袖的指示举行罢工.order (dogs, soldiers, etc) to stop attacking, searching, etc 命令（狗、士兵等）停止追击、搜查等: Please call your dog off  it's frightening the children. 请把你的狗叫开--已经吓着孩子了. call sth off cancel or abandon sth 取消或放弃某事物: call off a deal, a journey, a picnic, a strike 取消一交易、旅行、野餐、罢工 * They have called off their engagement, ie decided not to get married. 他们已经解除了婚约. * The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天气不好, 比赛取消了.(a) (esp US) telephone sb 给某人打电话. (b) bring sth back to one's mind; recall sth 想起某事物; 回忆某事: The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景. (c) summon sb for military service; draft sb 徵召某人服兵役; 选派某人.in order or request the return of sth 下令或请求收回某物: The library called in all overdue books. 图书馆要求把所有逾期未还的书收回. * Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers. 有严重故障的汽车原厂要求收回.(fml 文) cause sth to appear or be shown; elicit sth 使某事物出现或显出; 引出某事物: His speech called forth an angry response. 他的话惹人生气.n = telephone-box (telephone).n prostitute who makes appointments by telephone 应召女郎（用电话召唤的妓女）.= phone-in (phone1).n (US draft) [U, C esp sing 尤作单数] summons for military service （服兵役的）徵集令, 徵召令: receive one's call-up 收到徵集令 * [attrib 作定语] young men of call-up age 适龄应徵的年轻人.n person who makes a brief visit or a telephone call 访问者; 打电话者.n./kəˈlɪgrəfɪ; kə`lɪˇrəfɪ/ n [U] (art of produc-ing) beautiful handwriting 书法. /ˈkɔːlɪŋ; `kɔlɪŋ/ n  1 profession; trade 职业; 行业.  2 strong urge or feeling of duty to do a particular job; vocation 对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感; 使命; 神的感召: He believes it is his calling to become a priest. 他认为当教士是自己的使命.n (US) = visiting-card (visit)./ˈkælɪpə(r); `kæləpɚ/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] metal support for weak or injured legs 双脚规形夹（因腿部无力或损伤而使用的金属支架）.  2 callipers [pl] instrument for measuring the diameter of tubes or round objects 测径器; 双脚规; 卡钳: a pair of callipers 一把测径器. =>illus 见插图./ˌkælɪsˈθenɪks;ˌkæləs`θɛnɪks/ n [sing or pl v] exercises to develop strong and graceful bodies 柔软体操; 健美运动./kæˈlɒsətɪ; kæ`lɑsətɪ/ n (fml 文) area of hardened skin; callus 胼胝, 茧子（皮肤硬化的部分）./ˈkæləs; `kæləs/ adj  1 cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的: a callous person, attitude, act 冷酷无情的人、态度、行为.  2 (of the skin) hardened, eg by rough work （指皮肤）硬化的, 起茧子的（如因做粗重活儿所致）.adj (of the skin) hardened; having calluses （指皮肤）硬化的, 有茧子的: calloused hands 有茧子的手.adv in a callous(1) way 冷酷无情地; 无同情心地.n [U] callous(1) behaviour 冷酷无情; 无同情心的行为./ˈkæləʊ; `kælo/ adj (derog 贬) immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的; 乳臭未乾的: a callow youth 黄口小儿 * callow thinking 异想天开. n [U]./ˈkæləs; `kæləs/ n area of thick hardened skin 胼胝, 茧子（皮肤硬化增厚的部分）: calluses on one's palms 手掌上的茧子./kɑːm; <i>US</i> also kɑːlm; kɑm, kɑlm/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) (of the sea) without large waves; still （指海洋）无浪的, 平静的. (b) (of the weather) not windy （指天气）无风的: a calm, cloudless day 无风无云的一天.  2 not excited, nervous or agitated; quiet; untroubled 镇定的; 安静的; 无忧虑的: It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency. 在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的. * The city is calm again after yesterday's riots. 这座城市经过昨天的动乱以後又平静下来了. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet.

n [C, U]  1 calm condition or period 平静的状态或时期: the calm of a summer evening 夏日夜晚的宁静 * After the storm came a calm. 风暴过後, 万籁俱寂.  2 (idm 习语) the calm before the storm time of unnatural calm immediately before an expected outburst of violent activity, passion, etc 暴风雨前的平静（在预料到激烈的活动、情绪等即将爆发之前的反常的 平静时期）.

v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (down) (cause sb to) become calm （使某人）平静, 镇静, 安静: Just calm down a bit! 你先静一静! * Have a brandy  it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来.adv: He walked into the shop and calmly (ie impudently and self-confidently) stole a pair of gloves. 他走进商店若无其事地偷了一副手套.n [U]./ˈkælə gæs; `kælɚˌˇæs/ n [U] (propr 专利名) liquid butane stored under pressure in containers for domestic use 罐装石油气./ˈkælərɪ; `kælərɪ/ n (abbr 缩写 cal)  1 unit for measuring a quantity of heat 卡路里, 卡（热量单位）.  2 unit for measuring the energy value of food 大卡, 千卡（食物含能量的热值单位）: An ounce of sugar has about 100 calories. 一盎司的糖含约100大卡的热量. * Her diet restricts her to 1500 calories a day. 她的规定饮食限制她每天摄入1500大卡的热量./ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk; ˌkælə`rɪfɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or producing heat 生热的; 发热的: calorific value, ie the quantity of heat or energy produced by a given amount of fuel or food 发热值（燃料或食物产生的热量）./kəˈlʌmnɪeɪt; kə`lʌmnɪˌet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) slander (sb) 诬蔑, 中伤, 诽谤（某人）./kəˈlʌmnɪəs; kə`lʌmnɪəs/ adj (fml 文) slanderous 诬蔑的; 中伤的; 诽谤的./ˈkæləmnɪ; `kæləmnɪ/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] false statement about sb, made to damage his character 诬蔑; 中伤: a victim of vicious calumnies 恶毒诬蔑的受害者.  2 [U] slander 诽谤: accuse sb of calumny 控告某人诽谤./kɑːv; <i>US</i> kæv; kæv/ v [I] give birth to a calf 生小牛: Our cows will be calving soon. 我们的牛快生小牛了.pl of calf1, calf2./ˈkælvɪnɪzəm; `kælvɪnɪzəm/ n [U] religious teaching of the French Protestant John Calvin (1509-64) and of his followers 加尔文主义, 加尔文教义（法国新教派加尔文, 1509-1564, 及其追随者的宗教教义）./ˈkælvɪnɪst; `kælvɪnɪst/ n follower of Calvin's teaching 加尔文派教徒./kəˈlɪpsəʊ; kə`lɪpso/ n (pl ~s) West Indian song about a subject of current interest, having a variable rhythm and often improvised words. 卡利普索小调（西印度群岛歌曲, 以时事为主题, 有多种韵律, 临时填词演唱）./ˈkeɪlɪks; `kelɪks/ n (pl ~es or calyces/ 5keIlIsi:z; `kelI9siz/) (botany 植) ring of leaves (called sepals) enclosing an unopened flower-bud 花萼（花瓣外层的一圈小叶, 称为萼片）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./kæm; kæm/ n projecting part on a wheel designed to change the circular motion of the wheel as it turns into up-and-down or backwards-and-forwards motion of another part 凸轮（轮上的凸起部件, 用以使轮的圆周运动转变成另一部件的上下或前後运动）./ˌkæməˈrɑːdərɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈræd-; ˌkæmə`ræ-dərɪ/ n [U] friendship and mutual trust; comradeship 友谊与互相信任; 同志情谊./ˈkæmbə(r); `kæmbɚ/ n slight upward curve on the surface of sth, esp a road 中凸形, 拱势（物体, 尤指道路, 表面略向上弯的曲面）.

v [Tn] give a camber to (esp a road) 使（尤指路面）拱起: The street is quite steeply cambered at this point. 这条街的这个地方拱起很高./ˈkeɪmbrɪk; `kembrɪk/ n [U] fine thin linen or cotton cloth 细麻纱; 细棉布./ˈkæmkɔːdə(r); `kæmˌkɔrdɚ/ n portable video camera with a built-in video recorder 摄像录像机.pt of come./ˈkæml; `kæml/ n  1 [C] animal with a long neck and one or two humps on its back, used in desert countries for riding and for carrying goods 骆驼. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 dromedary.  2 [U] fawn colour 驼色; 浅棕色.n [U]  1 soft heavy yellowish cloth made of camel's hair or a mixture of camel's hair and wool 骆驼毛; 驼绒: [attrib 作定语] a camel-hair coat 驼绒外衣.  2 fine soft hair used in artists' brushes 驼毛（用以制画笔）./kəˈmiːlɪə; kə`milɪə/ n (a) evergreen shrub from China and Japan with shiny leaves and white, red or pink flowers 山茶. (b) flower of this shrub 山茶花./ˈkæməmbeə(r); `kæməmˌbɛr/ n [U, C] type of soft creamy cheese from N France 卡门培尔奶酪（产于法国北部的软乾酪）./ˈkæmɪəʊ; `kæmɪˌo/ n (pl ~s)  1 small piece of hard stone with a raised design, esp one with two coloured layers so that the background is of a different colour from the design 浮雕宝石（刻有浮雕的小硬宝石, 尤指有两层不同颜色者, 一层为背景另一层为浮雕）: [attrib 作定语] a cameo brooch 浮雕饰针.  2 (a) small but well-acted part in a film or play （电影或戏剧的）小品: [attrib 作定语] a cameo performance/part/role 小品演出[台词/角色]. (b) short piece of fine descriptive writing 小品文./ˈkæmərə; `kæmərə/ n  1 apparatus for taking photographs, moving pictures or television pictures 照相机; （电影）摄影机; （电视）摄像机: a video camera, ie one that converts visual images into an electrical signal to produce television pictures 摄像机（可将影像转换成电信号而产生电视画面的）. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) in `camera in a judge's private room; not in public; privately 在法官的私室里; 不公开地; 私下: The trial was held/The case was heard in camera. 那一审讯不公开[那一案件已秘密审讯]./-mæn; -ˌmæn/ n (pl -men) person whose job is operating a camera for film-making or television （电影或电视）摄影师./ˈkæməmaɪl; `kæməˌmaɪl/ n [U] (a) sweet-smelling plant with daisy-like flowers 春黄菊（一种有香味的植物, 花状如雏菊）. (b) its dried leaves and flowers used in medicine as a tonic 春黄菊（其乾叶及花可作补药）./ˈkæməflɑːʒ; `kæməˌflɑʒ/ n  1 [U] way of hiding or disguising soldiers, military equipment, etc, eg with paint, netting or leaves, so that they look like part of their surroundings （军事上的）伪装, 掩饰: use the branches of trees as camouflage 用树枝伪装.  2 [C] such a disguise 伪装; 掩饰: The polar bear's white fur is a natural camouflage, ie because the bear is hard to see in the snow. 北极熊的白色毛皮是天然的保护色.

v [Tn] hide (sb/sth) by camouflage 用伪装遮掩（某人[某事物]）: The soldiers camouflaged themselves with leaves and branches. 士兵们用树枝树叶把自己伪装起来./kæmp; kæmp/ n  1 (a) place where people (eg holiday-makers, Scouts or explorers) live temporarily in tents or huts 营地: a holiday camp 度假营 * leave/return to camp 离开[回到]营地 * We pitched (our) camp (ie put up our tents) by a lake. 我们在湖边扎营（支起帐篷）. (b) place where prisoners or refugees are kept, often for long periods 关押囚犯或收容难民的地方（常指长期的）: a prison camp 战俘营 * a concentration camp 集中营 * a transit camp 中转营.  2 place where soldiers are lodged or trained 兵营（士兵住宿或训练的地方）: an army camp 军营.  3 group of people with the same (esp political or religious) ideas 阵营（尤指政治或宗教观点相同的人所组成的）: the socialist camp 社会主义阵营 * They belong to different political camps. 他们属于不同的政治阵营.  4 (idm 习语) carry the war into the enemy's camp => carry. have a foot in both camps => foot1. strike camp => strike2.

v  1 (a) [I] put up a tent or tents 设营; 扎营; 宿营: Where shall we camp tonight? 我们今晚在哪里宿营? (b) [I, Ip] ~ (out) live in a tent 在帐篷中住宿: They camped (out) in the woods for a week. 他们在树林里搭帐篷住了一个星期.  2 [I] (usu 通常作 go camping ) spend a holiday living in tents 野营度假: The boys went camping in Greece last year. 那些男孩子去年到希腊去露营度假.  3 [I] live temporarily as if in a camp （如宿营般）暂住: I'm camping on the floor in a friend's flat for two weeks. 我在朋友家地板上临时寄宿两个星期. camper n person who camps 宿营者; 露营者. camping n [U] holiday spent living in tents 野营度假: Do you like camping? 你喜欢野营度假吗? * [attrib 作定语] camping equipment 露营装备.

/kæmp; kæmp/ adj (infml 口)  1 (of a man, his manner, etc) affected and effeminate; homosexual （指男子及其举止等）忸怩作态的, 女性化的; 同性恋的: a camp walk, voice, gesture 忸怩作态的步子、声音、姿势.  2 exaggerated in style, esp for humorous effect; affectedly theatrical 式样或风格过分夸张的（尤指为达到幽默效果）; 做作的.

n [U] camp behaviour 做作的举止行为: Her performance was pure camp. 她的表现纯粹是演戏.

v (phr v) camp it up (infml 口) (a) display one's homosexuality through effeminate behaviour （通过女性化的举止行为）显示自己的同性恋特徵. (b) overact grotesquely 表现得古怪过火.(US) religious meeting held outdoors or in a large tent 野营布道会.n portable folding bed (not only for use in a camp) 摺叠床, 行军床（不仅用于行军宿营）.n outdoor fire made of logs, etc by campers 营火.n  1 non-military person (eg a prostitute) following an army to sell goods or services 随军售货或服务的非军事人员（如营妓）.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who attaches himself to a particular group, party, etc although not a member of it; hanger-on 依附于某一团体而并非其成员者; 跟随者./kæmˈpeɪn; kæm`pen/ n  1 series of military operations with a particular aim, usu in one area 战役: He fought in the N African campaign during the last war. 在上次战争中他在北非战役参战.  2 series of planned activities with a particular social, commercial or political aim 运动（为某一社会的、商业的或政治的目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）: a campaign against nuclear weapons 反对核武器运动 * an advertising campaign, ie to promote a particular product 广告宣传运动（以推销某产品） * an election campaign 竞选运动 * a campaign to raise money for the needy 为贫苦人筹款的运动.

v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for/against sb/sth) take part in or lead a campaign 参加或领导一战役或运动: She spent her life campaigning for women's rights. 她毕生致力于女权运动. * campaign to have sanctions imposed 发起实施制裁的运动. campaigner n person who campaigns 参加战役或运动的人: an old campaigner, ie sb with much experience of a particular activity 老练的人./ˌkæmpəˈniːlɪ; ˌkæmpə`nilɪ/ n bell-tower, esp one that is not part of another building 钟楼（尤指不依附于其他建筑而独立的）./-ədʒɪst; -ədʒɪst/ n./ˌkæmpəˈnɒlədʒɪ; ˌkæmpə`nɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) study of bells and the art of bell-ringing 钟学; 鸣钟术. /ˈkæmfə(r); `kæmfɚ/ n [U] strong-smelling white substance used in medicine and mothballs and in making plastics 樟脑./ˈkmfəreɪtɪd; `kæmfəˌretɪd/ adj containing camphor 含樟脑的: camphorated oil 樟脑油.n place for camping, usu specially equipped for holiday-makers 露营区./ˈkæmpəs; `kæmpəs/ n (pl ~es)  1 grounds and buildings of a university or college （大学或学院的）校园: He lives on (the) campus, ie in a building within the university grounds. 他在学校里住.  2 (US) university or branch of a university 大学或其分校: [attrib 作定语] campus life 大学生活./ˈkæmrə; `kæmrə/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Campaign for Real Ale (ie beer brewed in the traditional way) 弘扬传统啤酒运动: Camra pubs 传统啤酒酒馆./ˈkæmʃɑːft; <i>US</i> -ʃæft; `kæmˌʃæft/ n shaft with a cam or cams on it, esp in a motor vehicle 凸轮轴（有凸轮的轴, 尤用于机动车辆）./kæn; kæn/ n =>illus 见插图.  1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) metal or plastic container for holding or carrying liquids 装运液体用的金属或塑料的容器: an `oilcan * a `petrol can/a can of `petrol * a `watering-can.  2 [C] (a) (also esp Brit tin) sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头: a `beer can 罐装啤酒 * [attrib 作定语] a can opener 开罐器. (b) contents of or amount contained in a can 罐头里容纳的东西或容纳的量: a can of peaches 一罐桃 * He drank four cans of beer. 他喝了四罐啤酒.  3 the can [sing] (US sl 俚) (a) prison 监狱; 牢房. (b) lavatory 厕所.  4 (idm 习语) a can of `worms (infml 口) complicated problem 复杂的问题. carry the can => carry. (be) in the `can (of a film, video-tape, etc) recorded and edited; completed and ready for use （指影片、录像带等）摄制及剪接完毕的, 完成以备用的.

v (-nn-) [Tn] preserve (food) by putting it in a sealed can 将（食物）装入密封罐中保存: canned `fruit 罐装水果 * a `canning factory 罐头食品制造厂.

/kən; kən; strong form 强读式 kæn; kæn/ modal v (neg 否定式 cannot/ 5knCt; `kAnBt/, contracted form 缩约式 can't/ kB:nt; ?@ knt; kAnt/; pt could/ kEd; kEd; strong form 强读式 kUd; kJd/, neg 否定式 could not, contracted form 缩约式 couldn't/ 5kUdnt; `kJdnt/)  1 (a) (indicating ability 表示能力): I can run fast. 我能跑得很快. * Can you call back tomorrow? 你明天能回个电话吗? * He couldn't answer the question. 他不能回答那个问题. * The stadium can be emptied in four minutes. 这个运动场能用四分钟时间清场. (b) (indicating acquired knowledge or skill 表示获得的知识或技能): They can speak French. 他们会说法语. * Can he cook? 他会做饭吗? * I could drive a car before I left school. 我中学毕业前就会开车了. (c) (used with verbs of perception 与感官动词连用): I can hear music. 我听见有音乐声. * I thought I could smell something burning. 我好像闻到什么东西烧着了. * He could still taste the garlic they'd had for lunch. 他嘴里还有他们午饭时吃的蒜的味道.  2 (indicating permission 表示许可): Can I read your newspaper? 我能看看你的报纸吗? * Can I take you home? 我送你回家行吗? * You can take the car, if you want. 你要用那辆汽车就尽管用. * We can't wear jeans at work. 我们上班时不准穿牛仔裤. * The boys could play football but the girls had to go to the library. 男孩儿可以踢足球而女孩儿只好到图书馆去.=>Usage 1 at may1 见may1所附用法第1项.  3 (indicatingrequests 表示要求): Can you help me with this box? 你能帮我弄这个箱子吗? * Can you feed the cat? 你喂喂猫好吗?  4 (a) (indicating possibility 表示可能性): That can't be Mary  she's in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽--她住院了. * He can't have slept through all that noise. 那么吵他不可能睡得着觉. * There's someone outside  who can it be? 外面有人--会是谁呢? =>Usage 2 at may1 见may1所附用法第2项. (b) (used to express bewilderment or incredulity 用以表示疑惑或怀疑): What `can they be doing? 他们在干些什么呢? * Can he be serious? 他当真是这个意思吗? * Where `can she have put it? 她能把它放在哪儿呢?  5 (used to describe typical behaviour or state 用以描述特有的行为或情形): He can be very tactless sometimes. 他有时很不讲方式方法. * She can be very forgetful. 她这个人很健忘. * Scotland can be very cold. 苏格兰要是冷起来还真够冷的. * It can be quite windy on the hills. 山上的风就是那么大.  6 (used to make suggestions 用以提出建议): We can eat in a restaurant, if you like. 你愿意的话, 咱们可以在饭馆吃饭. * I can take the car if necessary. 必要时我可以开车去. =>Usage 3 at shall 见shall所附用法第3项.contracted form of cannot (can2)  cannot之缩约式./kəˈneɪdɪən; kə`nedɪən/ n, adj (native or inhabitant) of Canada 加拿大的（本地人或居民）./kəˈnæl; kə`næl/ n  1 channel cut through land for boats or ships to travel along, or to carry water for irrigation 运河: The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. 苏伊士运河连接着地中海和红海. Cf 参看 river 1.  2 tube through which air or food passes in a plant or an animal's body （植物中或动物体内空气或食物通过的）管道: the alimentary canal 消化道.long narrow boat used on canals 运河船（用于运河中的长而窄的船）.=> canalization=> canalize/ˌknəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nəlɪˈz-;ˌkænlə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈknəlaɪz; `kænlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 make a canal through (an area) 开掘运河通过（一区域）.  2 convert (a river) into a canal (by straightening it, building locks, etc) 将（河流）改造成运河（如改直河床, 修建闸门等）.  3 direct (sth) to achieve a particular aim; channel 引导（某事物）以达到某目的: canalize one's energies into voluntary work 把精力放到义务工作上. /ˈkænəpeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkænəˈpeɪ; `kænəpe/ n small biscuit or piece of bread, pastry, etc spread with cheese, meat, fish, etc and usu served with drinks at a party 加有乳酪、肉、鱼等的小饼乾或面包片、糕饼等（通常用于聚会中佐以饮料）./kæˈnɑːd, ˈkænɑːd; kə`nɑrd/ n false report or rumour 虚报; 谎报; 谣传./kəˈneərɪ; kə`nɛrɪ/ n small yellow songbird, usu kept in a cage as a pet 加那利雀; 金丝雀.light yellow colour 浅黄色./kəˈnæstə; kə`næstə/ n [U] card-game similar to rummy and played with two packs of cards 卡纳斯塔（一种用两副纸牌玩的纸牌戏）./ˈkænkæn; `kænkæn/ n [sing] lively dance with high kicking, performed by women in long skirts 康康舞（由穿长裙女人跳的活泼的高踢腿舞）: do/dance the cancan 跳康康舞./ˈkænsl; `kænsl/ v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [Tn] say that (sth already arranged and decided upon) will not be done or take place; call off 取消; 废除: cancel a holiday,concert, meeting, eg because of illness 取消假日[音乐会/会议]（如因病） * The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好只得取消. Cf 参看 postpone.  2 [Tn] order (sth) to be stopped; make (sth) invalid 命令（某事物）停止; 使（某事物）作废: cancel an agreement, a contract, a subscription, etc 取消协议、合同、预订单等 * He cancelled his order, ie said he no longer wanted to receive the goods he had ordered. 他撤销了订货单.  3 [Tn] cross out (sth written) 删除（所写的内容）: Cancel that last sentence. 把最後一句删掉.  4 [Tn] mark (a postage stamp or ticket) to prevent further use 注销, 盖销（邮票或其他票证以防再用）.  5 [Tn] (mathematics 数) remove (a common factor) from the numerator and denominator of a fraction, or from both sides of an equation, usu by crossing it out 约去, 消去（分数中分子和分母的公因数或方程式两端的相等部分）.  6 (phr v) cancel (sth) out be equal (to sth) in force and effect; counterbalance (sth) 抵销; 对销: These arguments cancel (each other) out. 不同的争论（彼此）势均力敌. * Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper. 她为人厚道、慷慨大方, 倒也弥补了她偶尔发点儿脾气./ˌkænsəˈleɪʃn; ˌkænsl`eʃən/ n  1 [U] cancelling or being cancelled 取消; 撤销; 删除; 注销; 抵销: Her cancellation of her trip to Paris upset our plan. 她取消了巴黎之行打乱了我们的计划. * the cancellation of the match due to fog 比赛因有雾而取消.  2 [C] instance of this; thing that has been cancelled (cancel 1, 2), eg a theatre ticket 取消; 作废的事物（如戏票）: Are there any cancellations for this evening's performance? 今晚演出的节目有取消的吗?  3 [C] mark used to cancel a postage stamp, etc 注销的印记; （加于邮票上的）盖销戳记./ˈkænsə(r); `kænsɚ/ n  1 the fourth sign of the zodiac, the Crab 巨蟹宫（黄道第四宫）.  2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属巨蟹宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图./ˈkænsə(r); `kænsɚ/ n  1 (a) [C, U] diseased growth in the body, often causing death; malignant tumour 癌; 癌瘤; 癌肿: Doctors found a cancer on her breast. 医生发现她患乳癌. * The cancer has spread to his stomach. 癌肿已扩散到他的胃部. (b) [U] disease in which such growths form 癌症: lung cancer 肺癌 * cancer of the liver 肝癌.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) evil or dangerous thing that spreads quickly 迅速蔓延的恶劣的或危险的事物: Violence is a cancer in our society. 暴力行为是我们社会的祸害. Cf 参看 canker 3./ˈknsərəs; `kænsərəs/ n of, like or affected with cancer （似）癌的; 患癌症的: Is the growth benign or cancerous? 这个肿瘤是良性的还是癌肿性的?/kænˈdelə; kæn`dɛlə/ n unit for measuring the intensity of light 坎德拉, 新烛光（发光强度单位）. =>App 11 见附录11./ˌkændɪˈlɑːbrəm; ˌkændə`lɑbrəm/ n (pl -bra/ -brE; -brE/; also sing candelabra, pl -bras/ -brEz;-brEz/) large ornamental branched holder for candles or lights （装饰性的）枝状大烛台或灯台./ˈkændɪd; `kændɪd/ adj not hiding one's thoughts; frank and honest 率直的; 坦白而诚实的: a candid opinion, statement, person 直言、直说、直性人 * Let me be quite candid with you: your work is not good enough. 不瞒你说, 你的工作不怎么好. /ˈkændɪdət; <i>US</i> -deɪt; `kændəˌdet/ n  1 person who applies for a job or is nominated for election (esp to Parliament) （求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人: stand as Labour candidate in a parliamentary election 国会竞选中作为工党候选人 * offer oneself as a candidate for a post 自荐为某职位的候选人.  2 person taking an examination 参加考试的人: Most candidates passed in grammar. 参加考试的人大多数语法及格.  3 ~ (for sth) person considered to be suitable for a particular position or likely to get sth 被认为适合任某职位或可能得到某事物的人: The company is being forced to reduce staff and I fear I'm a likely candidate (for redundancy). 公司被迫裁员, 恐怕我是其中之一（冗员）./ˈkændɪdətʃə(r); `kændədətʃɚ/ (also esp Brit candidacy/ 5kndIdEsI; `kAndIdEsI/) n [U] being a candidate(1) 申请人或候选人的资格或身分: announce one's candidature 宣布自己为候选人.adv: Candidly (ie Speaking frankly), David, I think you're being unreasonable. 大卫, 说实话我认为你不讲道理. n [U].=> candy./ˈkændl; `kændl/ n  1 round stick of wax with a wick through it which is lit to give light as it burns 蜡烛. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) burn the candle at both ends => burn2. the game is not worth the candle => game1. not hold a candle to sb/sth (infml 口) be inferior to sb/sth 比不上某人[某事物]: She writes quite amusing stories but she can't hold a candle to the more serious novelists. 她能写些很有趣的故事, 但是比不上那些写出内容能发人深省的小说家.n [U] light produced by candles 烛光: read, work, etc by candle-light 在烛光下阅读、工作等.n [U] unit of measurement of light, expressed in candelas 烛光（量度光的单位, 以坎德拉表示）: a ten candlepower lamp 十烛光的灯.n holder for one or more candles 蜡台; 烛台./ˈkændlwɪk; `kændlˌwɪk/ n [U] soft cotton fabric with a raised tufted pattern 灯芯纱盘花簇绒（有凸起花纹的软棉布）: [attrib 作定语] a candlewick bedspread 灯芯纱盘花床单./ˈkændə(r); `kændɚ/ n [U] candid behaviour, speech or quality; frankness 坦白; 率直./ˈkændɪ; `kændɪ/ n  1 [U] sugar hardened by repeated boiling 冰糖.  2 (esp US) (a) [U] sweets or chocolate 糖果; 巧克力. (b) [C] a sweet or a chocolate 糖果; 巧克力.

v (pt, pp candied)  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] preserve (eg fruit) by boiling in sugar （用糖煮过以）保存（如水果）: candied plums 蜜饯李子 * candied peel, eg of lemons or oranges 蜜饯果皮（如柠檬皮或橙皮）.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into sugar crystals （使某物）成糖的结晶.n [U] (US also cotton candy) type of light fluffy sweet made by spinning melted sugar and eaten on a stick 棉花糖./ˈkændɪtʌft; `kændɪˌtʌft/ n plant with clusters of white, pink or purple flowers 屈曲花./keɪn; ken/ n  1 (a) [C] hollow jointed stem of certain plants, eg bamboo or sugar-cane 某些植物的中空而有节的茎（如竹或甘蔗）. (b) [U] such stems used as a material for making furniture, etc 这类植物的茎（用作家具等的材料）: [attrib 作定语] a cane chair 藤椅.  2 [C] thin woody stem of a raspberry plant 悬钩子植物的细茎.  3 (a) [C] length of cane, or a thin rod, used for supporting plants, as a walking-stick or for beating people as a punishment 竹杖; 藤条; 棍棒. (b) the cane [sing] (in some schools) the punishment in which children are beaten with a cane （某些学校中）对学生用藤条或棍棒责打的惩罚: get/be given the cane 受[挨]藤条鞭打 * Many teachers wish to abolish the cane. 很多教师希望废除用藤条等的体罚.

v [Tn]  1 punish (sb) by beating with a cane 用藤条或竹棍等责打（某人）: The headmaster caned the boys for disobedience. 校长用藤条责打不听话的男学生.  2 (infml 口 esp Brit) defeat (sb) totally 完全打败（某人）: We really caned them in the last match. 我们最後一场比赛可真把他们打得落花流水.  3 weave cane into (a chair, etc) 用竹或藤等编制成（椅子等）. caning n [U, C]: give sb a good caning 用藤条给某人一顿好打.n [U] sugar obtained from the juice of sugar-cane 蔗糖./ˈkeɪnaɪn; `kenaɪn/ adj of, like or relating to dogs （似）犬的; 与犬有关的.

n  1 (fml 文) dog 犬.  2 (also canine tooth) (in a human being) any of the four pointed teeth next to the incisors （人的）犬齿. =>illus at tooth 见tooth之插图./ˈkænɪstə(r); `kænɪstɚ/ n  1 small (usu metal) container for holding tea, coffee, etc （通常为金属的）小罐（装茶叶、咖啡等）.  2 cylinder, filled with shot or tear-gas, that bursts and releases its contents when fired from a gun or thrown 霰弹筒（内装弹丸或催泪气体, 以枪炮发射或投掷後爆炸）./ˈkæŋkə(r); `kæŋkɚ/ n  1 [U] disease that destroys the wood of plants and trees （植物的）溃疡病.  2 [U] disease causing ulcerous sores on the ears of animals, esp dogs and cats （动物耳部的）溃疡（尤指猫狗）.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) evil or dangerous influence that spreads and corrupts people （蔓延并腐蚀人们的）祸害， 祸患， 祸根: Drug addiction is a dangerous canker in society. 吸毒成瘾是腐蚀社会的一大祸害. Cf 参看 cancer 2.

v [Tn] infect or corrupt (sb) with canker 使（某人）患溃疡; 腐蚀（某人）./ˈkæŋkərəs; `kæŋkərəs/ adj of, like or causing canker 溃疡的; 似溃疡的; 引起溃疡的./ˈkænəbɪs; `kænəbɪs/ n [U]  1 hemp plant 大麻.  2 any of various drugs made from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant that are smoked or chewed for their intoxicating effect 大麻: arrested for possessing cannabis 因藏有大麻而被捕. Cf 参看 hashish, marijuana.(infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) music recorded for reproduction 录音音乐: Restaurants often play canned music. 饭馆里常播放录音音乐./ˌkænəˈləʊnɪ; ˌkænə`lonɪ/ n [U] rolls of pasta filled with meat and seasoning （肉馅的）面卷./ˈknərɪ; `kænərɪ/ n place where food is canned 罐头食品厂.

=> can1./ˈkænɪbl; `kænəbl/ n (a) person who eats human flesh 吃人肉的人: [attrib 作定语] a cannibal tribe 食人的部落. (b) animal that eats its own kind 同类相食的动物.=> cannibalization=> cannibalize/ˈkænɪbəlɪzəm; `kænəblˌɪzəm/ n[U] practice of eating one's own kind 同类相食. /ˌknɪbəˈlɪstɪk; ˌkænəbl`ɪstɪk/ adj of or like cannibals （似）食人者的, 同类相食者的./ˌknɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i>-lɪˈz-; ˌkænəbələ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈkænɪbəlaɪz; `kænəblˌaɪz/ v [Tn] use (a machine, vehicle, etc) to provide spare parts for others 用（机器、车辆等）为其他同类（机器、车辆等）提供备用零件: cannibalize an old radio to repair one's record-player 把旧收音机的零件拆下去修配电唱机. adv. n [U]./ˈkænən; `kænən/ n [C]  1 (pl unchanged 复数不变) old type of large heavy gun firing solid metal balls （发射实心金属炮弹的旧式）大炮.  2 (pl unchanged 复数不变) automatic gun firing shells (shell 3a) from an aircraft, a tank, etc （飞行器、坦克等的）机关炮: two 20-millimetre cannon 两个20毫米口径的机关炮.  3 (in billiards) shot in which the player's ball hits two other balls one after the other （台球戏中）主球连撞二球.

v (phr v) cannon against/into sb/sth collide heavily with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]猛撞.n large metal ball fired from a cannon （旧式大炮发射的巨大的金属）炮弹.n [U] soldiers regarded only as material that is expendable in war 炮灰./ˌkænəˈneɪd; ˌkænən`ed/ n continuous firing of heavy guns 连续炮轰./ˈkænɒt; `kænɑt/ = can not (can2)./ˈkænɪ; `kænɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) shrewd and careful, esp in business matters 精明仔细的（尤指在生意上）. /kəˈnuː; kə`nu/ n  1 light narrow boat moved by one or more paddles 狭窄的轻舟; 独木舟. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) paddle one's own canoe => paddle1.

v (pt, pp canoed, pres p canoeing) [I] (usu 通常作 go canoeing) travel in a canoe 乘独木舟; 划独木舟./kəˈnuːɪst; kə`nuɪst/ n person who paddles a canoe 划独木舟者. =>illus 见插图./ˈkænən; `kænən/ n  1 general rule, standard or principle by which sth is judged 总的规则、标准或原则: This film offends against all the canons of good taste. 这部影片违反了审美的一切准则.  2 (a) list of sacred books accepted as genuine 真经; 正经: the canon of Holy Scripture 《圣经》的真经. (b) set of writings, etc accepted as genuinely by a particular author （某作家的）真作: the Shakespeare canon 莎士比亚真本.

/ˈkænən; `kænən/ n priest with special duties in a cathedral 在大教堂中任职的教士: The Rev Canon Arthur Brown 阿瑟·布朗教士.church law 教会法规./kəˈnɒnɪkl; kə`nɑnɪkl/ adj  1 according to canon law 依照教规的.  2 included in the canon(2a) 被收入真经的.  3 standard; accepted 标准的; 认可的. n [pl] clothes worn by a priest during a church service （教士在布道时所穿的）法衣.=> canonization=> canonize/ˌkænənaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪˈz-; ˌkænənə`zeʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) canonizing or being canonized 正式宣布为圣徒./ˈkænənaɪz; `kænənˌaɪz/ v [Tn] officially declare (sb) to be a saint(1a) 正式宣布（某人）为圣徒./ˈkænəpɪ; `kænəpɪ/ n  1 hanging cover forming a shelter above a throne, bed, etc （宝座或床等上面的）华盖, 罩篷.  2 cover for the cockpit of an aircraft （飞行器上的）座舱罩.  3 (fig 比喻) any overhanging covering 任何悬于上空的覆盖物: the grey canopy of the sky 灰灰的天幕 * a canopy of leaves, eg in a forest 树冠层（如森林中的）./kænt; kænt/ n [U]  1 insincere talk, esp about religion or morality; hypocrisy 虚伪的话（尤指关于宗教或道德的话）; 伪善.  2 specialized language of a particular group; jargon 某一团体的专用语; 行话; 术语: thieves' cant 盗贼的黑话 * [attrib 作定语] a cant expression 术语.

/kænt; kænt/ n  1 sloping surface or position 倾斜的面或位置.  2 sudden movement that tilts or overturns sth 突然一动（可使某物倾斜或翻转）.

v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (over) (cause sth to) tilt, overturn （使某物）倾斜, 翻转: cant a boat to repair it 把船翻过来修理./ˈækntæb; `kæntæb/ abbr 缩写 = (esp in degree titles) of Cambridge (University) (Latin Cantabrigiensis)（尤用于学衔）剑桥（大学）的（源自拉丁文Cantabrigiensis）:James Cox MA (Cantab) 詹姆斯·考克斯文学硕士（剑桥大学）. Cf 参看 Oxon 2./ˈkæntəluːp; `kæn-tlˌop/ n [C, U] type of melon 皱皮瓜: a slice of cantaloup 一片皱皮瓜./kænˈtæŋkərəs; kæn`tæŋkərəs/ adj bad-tempered; quarrelsome 脾气坏的; 好争吵的. adv./kænˈtɑːtə; kæn`tɑtə/ n short musical work, often on a religious subject, sung by soloists and usu a choir, accompanied by an orchestra 康塔塔（短小音乐作品, 常为宗教内容的, 由独唱演员演唱, 通常有合唱伴唱, 由管弦乐队伴奏）: Bach's cantatas 巴赫的康塔塔. Cf 参看 oratorio./kænˈtiːn; kæn`tin/ n  1 place serving food and drink in a factory, an office, a school, etc （工厂、办事处、学校等的）食堂.  2 (Brit) case or box containing a set of knives, forks and spoons （一套刀、叉、勺的）餐具箱.  3 soldier's or camper's water-flask （士兵或露营者的）水壶./ˈkæntə(r); `kæntɚ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 (of a horse) movement that is faster than a trot but slower than a gallop （指马）慢跑, 小跑.  2 ride on a horse moving at this speed 骑马慢跑: go for a canter 去骑马慢跑.  3 (idm 习语) at a canter without effort; easily 不费力地; 容易地: win a race at a canter 在径赛中轻易获胜.

v [I, Tn] (cause a horse to) move at a canter （使马）慢跑: We cantered our horses for several miles. 我们骑着马慢跑了几英里./ˈkæntikl; `kæntɪkl/ n hymn or chant with words taken from the Bible 赞美歌（歌词取自《圣经》的短颂歌）./ˈkæntɪliːvə(r); `kæntlˌivɚ/ n beam or bracket projecting from a wall to support eg a balcony （自墙壁伸出以支撑阳台等的）悬臂或支架.bridge made of two cantilevers projecting from piers and joined by girders 悬臂桥（由桥墩伸出两根悬臂, 中间以横梁连接而成）./ˈkæntəʊ; `kænto/ n (pl ~s) any of the main divisions of a long poem 长诗中的篇章./ˈkæntɒn; `kæntɑn/ n subdivision of a country, esp of Switzerland 州（尤指瑞士的）./ˌkæntəˈniːz; ˌkæntən`iz/ n [U] form of Chinese spoken in southern China and in Hong Kong 粤语; 广州话./kænˈtuːnmənt; <i>US</i> -ˈtəʊn-; kæn`ton-mənt/ n  1 place where soldiers live 士兵的驻地; 军营.  2 permanent military camp, esp in India 永久性兵站（尤指印度的）./ˈkæntɔː(r); `kæntɔr/ n leader of the singing in a church or synagogue （教堂或犹太教会堂唱诗班的）领唱者./ˈkænvəs; `kænvəs/ n  1 [U] strong coarse cloth used for making tents, sails, etc and by artists for painting on 帆布; 画布: [attrib 作定语] a canvas bag 帆布袋.  2 [C] (a) piece of canvas for painting on 画布. (b) oil-painting 油画: Turner's canvases 特纳的油画.  3 (idm 习语) under canvas (a) (of soldiers, campers, etc) living in tents （指士兵、露营者等）在帐篷里居住: sleep under canvas 在帐篷里睡觉. (b) (of a ship) with sails spread （指船）张帆./ˈkænvəs; `kænvəs/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) go around an area asking (people) for (political support) （在政治方面）游说: go out canvassing (for votes)  （为拉选票）出去游说  * The Labour candidate will canvass the constituency next month. 工党候选人下月将向全体选民游说拉票.  2 [Tn] find out the opinions of (eg voters before an election) 调查（如选举前选民）的意见.  3 [Tn] suggest (an idea, etc) for discussion 为讨论而提出（意见等）: canvass the idea/notion/theory 为讨论而提出意见[想法/主张].

n act of canvassing 游说; 民意调查; 建议.n person who canvasses 游说者; 民意调查者; 建议者./ˈkænjən; `kænjən/ n deep gorge, usu with a river flowing through it 峡谷（通常有河流经过其中）: the Grand Canyon, Arizona （美国）亚利桑那州科罗拉多大峡谷./kæp; kæp/ n  1 soft head-covering without a brim but often with a peak, worn by men and boys （男用无帽檐但常有帽舌的）软帽, 便帽: an old man in a flat cap 戴着扁软帽的老人 * British schoolboys sometimes wear caps, ie as part of their school uniform. 英国男生有时候戴制服帽（校服的一部分）. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any close-fitting soft head-covering worn for various purposes 软帽: a `bathing-cap * a `baseball cap * a `nurse's cap * a `shower-cap.  3 (sport 体 esp Brit) (a) cap given to sb who is chosen to play for a school, county, country, etc, esp at cricket, football or Rugby 选手帽（授予选拔出的校队、县队、国家队等运动员的帽子, 尤指在板球、足球或橄榄球项目中）: He's won three caps (ie been chosen to play three times) for England. 他三次获授英格兰队选手帽（三次被选出参加比赛）. (b) player chosen for such a team 被选出代表这种球队的选手.  4 academic head-dress with a flat top and a tassel （学位）方帽: wear cap and gown on graduation day 毕业典礼那天戴方帽、穿长袍. Cf 参看 mortar-board (mortar2).  5 protective cover or top (for a pen, bottle, camera lens, etc) （钢笔、瓶子、照相机镜头等的）帽, 盖.  6 natural covering shaped like a cap 帽状的天然顶盖: the polar `ice-cap 地极冰冠.  7 (also Dutch `cap) = diaphragm 4.  8 (a) = percussion cap (percussion). (b) small amount of explosive contained in a paper strip, for making a small explosion in a toy gun 砸炮（封于纸条中的少量火药, 用于玩具枪中产生轻微爆炸声）.  9 (idm 习语) cap in `hand humbly; in a servile manner 谦卑地; 谦恭地: go cap in hand to sb, asking for money 卑躬屈膝地去找某人要钱. a feather in one's cap => feather1. if the cap fits (,wear it) if sb feels that a remark applies to him (he should act accordingly) 若某人觉得某话适用于他（, 他就知道应怎样做）: I have noticed some employees coming to work an hour late. I shall name no names, but if the cap fits.... 我已经注意到有些雇员上班迟到一个小时. 我不点出名字来, 但是要是你觉得我说的是你.... set one's cap at sb (dated 旧) (of a girl or woman) try to attract a man as a husband or lover （指女子）诱使某人娶她或做她的情人.

v (-pp-) [Tn]  1 (a) put a cap(5) on (sth); cover the top or end of 加帽或盖儿于（某物）上; 覆盖: mountains capped with snow/mist 被雪覆盖着的[被雾笼罩着的]山峰. (b) = crown2 4.  2 follow (sth) with sth better, bigger, funnier, etc （以更好、更大、更有趣...的事物）继（某事物）之後: cap a joke, story, etc 说个更好的笑话、故事等.  3 (sport 体 esp Brit) award a cap to (a player); select (a player) for a national team 授予（运动员）选手帽; 选拔（运动员）入国家队: He was capped 36 times for England. 他已经36次获选入英格兰队.  4 (in Scottish universities) award a degree to (sb) （苏格兰大学）将学位授予（某人）.  5 (idm 习语) to cap it all as a final piece of bad or good fortune 倒运或走运的最後一件事: Last week he crashed his car, then he lost his job and now to cap it all his wife has left him! 上星期他把汽车撞坏了, 接着又失去了工作, 更倒霉的是妻子也离他而去了!/ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌkepə`bɪlətɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ (to do sth/of doing sth); ~ (for sth) quality of being able to do sth; ability 能做某事的素质; 能力: You have the capability to do/of doing this job well. 你有能力把这件工作做好. * nuclear capability, ie power or capacity to fight a nuclear war 核能（进行核战争的力量或能力）.  2 capabilities [pl] undeveloped gift or quality 尚未发挥的天资或素质: He has great capabilities as a writer. 他极具作家潜质./ˈkeɪpəbl; `kepəbl/ adj  1 having (esp practical) ability; able; competent 有（尤指实际的）能力的; 有能力的; 能胜任的: a very capable woman 很能干的女子.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of (doing) sth (a) having the ability or power necessary for sth 有做某事所必要的能力或力量: You are capable of better work than this. 你能做得更好. * Show me what you are capable of, ie how well you can work. 让我看看你有什么本事. * He is capable of running a mile in four minutes. 他能用四分钟跑一英里. (b) have the character or inclination to do sth 有做某事的特长或倾向: He's quite capable of lying (ie It wouldn't be surprising if he lied) to get out of trouble. 他很会蒙混过关（他若撒谎亦不足为奇）.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) (of situations, remarks, etc) open to or allowing sth （指情况、言语等）可以, 容许: Our position is capable of improvement. 我们的地位可以改善.adv in a capable(1) way 有能力地: handle a situation, manage a business capably 有能力应付一情况、处理一事务./kəˈpeɪʃəs; kə`peʃəs/ adj (of things) that can hold much; roomy 容量大的; 宽敞的: capacious pockets 容量大的口袋 * a capacious memory 能记住很多事情的记忆力. n [U]./kəˈpæsətɪ; kə`pæsətɪ/ n  1 [U] ability to hold or contain sth 容纳某事物的能力: a hall with a seating capacity of 2000 有2000个座位的大厅 * filled to capacity, ie completely full 全满 * [attrib 作定语] a capacity crowd, ie one that fills a sports ground, etc 挤满的人群（挤满了运动场等地的）.  2 [sing] power to produce sth 生产力: factories working at full capacity 全力生产的工厂.  3 [sing] ~ (for sth) ability to produce, experience, understand or learn sth 生产、体会、理解或学习的能力: She has an enormous capacity for hard work. 她有苦干的巨大能力. * Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福, 有的人享不起福. * This book is within the capacity of (ie can be understood by) younger readers. 这本书年轻的读者也能看懂.  4 (idm 习语) in one's capacity as sth in a certain function or position 以某种身分或立场: act in one's capacity as a po`lice officer/in one's po`lice capacity 以警察的身分行事./kəˈpærɪsn; kə`pærəsn/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (formerly) decorated covering for a horse, or for a horse and knight （旧时）装饰性的马衣或马与武士的盛装.

v [Tn] put caparisons on (a horse) 给（马）穿马衣./keɪp; kep/ n loose sleeveless garment like a cloak but usu shorter 披肩; 短斗篷.

/keɪp; kep/ n (abbr 缩写 C)  1 [C] (often in geographical names 常用于地理名称) piece of high land sticking out into the sea 海角; 岬: Cape Horn 合恩角.  2 the Cape [sing] (in S Africa) the Cape of Good Hope; Cape Province （南非的）好望角, 好望角省.(in S Africa) person of mixed race （南非的）混血儿./ˈkeɪpə(r); `kepɚ/ v [I, Ip] ~ (about) jump or run about playfully 蹦蹦跳跳; 跑来跑去: lambs capering (about) in the fields 在田野上蹦蹦跳跳的小羊羔.

n  1 jump; leap 跳; 跳跃.  2 (infml 口) (a) mischievous act; prank 恶作剧; 戏弄. (b) dishonest or criminal scheme 不诚实的或罪恶的勾当: What's your little caper? 你搞什么名堂?  3 (idm 习语) cut a `caper jump about happily; act foolishly 雀跃; 愚蠢地行事.

/ˈkeɪpə(r); `kepɚ/ n (a) prickly shrub 续随子（有刺灌木）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) one of its buds pickled for use in sauces, etc 腌泡的续随子花蕾（用以制续随子酱等）./ˌkæpəˈkeɪlɪ;ˌkæpɚ`kelɪ/ n type of large grouse 松鸡./kəˈpɪlərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkæpɪlerɪ; `kæplˌɛrɪ/ n any of the very narrow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the body 毛细管; 毛细血管.force by which a liquid is drawn along a very narrow tube 毛细（管）吸引; 毛细吸力./ˈkæpɪtl; `kæpətl/ n  1 town or city that is the centre of government of a country, state or province 首都; 首府; 省会: Cairo is the capital of Egypt. 开罗是埃及的首都. * [attrib 作定语] London, Paris and Rome are capital cities. 伦敦、巴黎、罗马都是国都.  2 (also capital letter) letter of the form and size used to begin a name or a sentence 大写字母: In this sentence, the word BIG is in capitals. 本句中BIG一字用的是大写字母. * Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写.  3 head or top part of a column 柱头; 柱顶. =>illus at column 见column之插图.

adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 involving punishment by death 死刑的: a capital offence 死罪 * capital punishment, ie the death penalty 死刑.  2 (of letters) having the form and size used to begin a name or a sentence （指字母）大写的: London is spelt with a capital `L'. London一字中L是大写的.  3 very serious 极严重的: a capital error 大错.  4 (dated 旧 Brit) excellent 极好的: What a capital idea! 真是一个好主意!

/ˈkæpɪtl; `kæpətl/ n  1 [U] wealth or property that may be used to produce more wealth 资本; 资金.  2 [sing] sum of money used to start a business 本钱: set up a business with a starting capital of 100000 先拿100000英镑当本钱创业.  3 [U] accumulated material wealth owned by a person or a business 个人或企业积累的物质财富: [attrib 作定语] capital assets 资本资产.  4 [U] capitalists or their interests 资本家; 资方: capital and labour 资方与劳方.  5 (idm 习语) make capital (out) of sth use (a situation, etc) to one's own advantage 利用: The Opposition parties made (political) capital out of the disagreements within the Cabinet. 反对党利用内阁的分歧而捞取（政治）资本.money spent by a business on buildings, equipment, etc 基本建设费用.profits made from the sale of investments or property 资本收益. capital `gains tax tax on such profits 资本收益税.goods (eg ships, railways, machinery, etc) used in producing other goods 资本货物（用以生产其他货物的货物, 如船只、铁路、机器等）. Cf 参看 consumer goods (consumer).(of industrial processes) needing the investment of very large sums of money (as contrasted with a very large number of workers) （指工业生产过程）资本密集的. Cf 参看 labour intensive (labour1).general tax on private wealth or property 资产税. Cf 参看 income tax (income).single payment of money, eg to an insured person 最高金额（如付予投保人的赔偿金额）.transfer of money or property from one person to another, eg by inheritance 资本转移（如继承财物）.tax on such a transfer 资本转移税.=> capitalization=> capitalize/ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm; `kæpətlˌɪzəm/ n [U] economicsystem in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the State 资本主义.n  1 person who owns or controls much capital2(1); rich person 资本家; 富人.  2 person who supports capitalism 资本主义者.  adj based on or supporting capitalism 资本主义的: a capitalist economy 资本主义经济. /ˌkpɪtəˈlɪstɪk; ˌkæpɪtl`ɪstɪk/ adj. Cf 参看 socialism./ˌkpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -lɪˈzeɪʃn; ˌkæpətlə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz; `kæpətlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 write or print (sth) with capital1(2) letters 用大写字母书写或印刷.  2 convert (sth) into, use as or provide with capital2(1) 将（某事物）转作资本、用作资本或资本化.  3 (phr v) capitalize on sth use sth to one's own advantage; profit from sth 利用某事物; 从某事物中获利: capitalize on the mistakes made by a rival firm 从对方公司的错误中获益. /ˌkæpɪˈteɪʃn; ˌkæpə`teʃən/ n tax, fee or grant of an equal amount for each person 人头税; 按人收费; 按人计算的补助费: [attrib 作定语] a capi`tation allowance 按人计算的津贴./ˈkæpɪtl; `kæpətl/ n the Capitol [sing] building in Washington in which the United States Congress meets 美国国会大厦./kəˈpɪtʃʊleɪt; kə`pɪtʃəˌlet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions （向某人）投降（尤指根据商定的条件）./kəˌpɪtʃʊˈleɪʃn; kəˌpɪtʃə`leʃən/ n [C, U] (act of) capitulating （尤指根据商定条件的）投降./ˈkeɪpɒn, ˈkeɪpən; `kepɑn/ n domestic cock1(1) castrated and fattened for eating （养肥以供食用的）阉鸡./kæpʊˈtʃiːnəʊ; ˌkæpə`tʃino/ n (pl ~s) (Italian 意) espresso coffee with hot milk added 卡普契诺咖啡（蒸汽加压所煮的咖啡, 并加热奶）./kəˈpriːs; kə`pris/ n  1 (a) [C] sudden change in attitude or behaviour with no obvious cause; whim 态度或行为无明显缘故的突然改变; 突如其来的念头. (b) [U] tendency to such changes 有上述突然改变的倾向.  2 [C] short lively piece of music in an irregular style 短小的随想曲./kəˈprɪʃəs; kə`prɪʃəs/ adj characterized by sudden changes in attitude or behaviour; unpredictable; impulsive （态度或行为）反覆无常的, 变幻莫测的, 任性的: Romantic heroines are often capricious. 浪漫的女主人公往往难以捉摸. * (fig 比喻) a capricious climate, ieone that is always changing 多变的气候. adv. n [U]./ˈkæprɪkɔːn; `kæprɪˌkɔrn/ n  1 the tenth sign of the zodiac, the Goat 摩羯宫（黄道第十宫）; 山羊座.  2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属摩羯宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图./ˈkæpsɪkəm; `kæpsɪkəm/ n (a) tropical plant with seed-pods containing hot-tasting seeds 番椒, 辣椒（植物）. (b) one of these pods used as a vegetable 番椒, 辣椒（蔬菜）. Cf 参看 pepper 2./kæpˈsaɪz; <i>US</i> ˈkæpsaɪz; `kæpˌsaɪz/ v [I, Tn] (cause a boat to) overturn or be overturned （使船）翻, 倾覆: The boat capsized in heavy seas. 船在大海中倾覆了./ˈkæpstən; `kæpstən/ n thick revolving post or cylinder round which a rope or cable is wound, eg to raise a ship's anchor 绞盘; 起锚机./ˈkæpsjuːl; <i>US</i> ˈkæpsl; `kæpsl/ n  1 seed-case of a plant that opens when the seeds are ripe 蒴; 荚.  2 small soluble case containing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it （装一剂药物的）胶囊.  3 detachable compartment for men or instruments in a spacecraft 航天舱; 太空舱.abbr 缩写 = Captain: Capt (Terence) Jones （特伦斯·）琼斯上尉./ˈkæptɪn; `kæptɪn/ n  1 person in charge of a ship or civil aircraft 船长; 舰长; （民航机的）机长.  2 (a) officer in the British Army between the ranks of lieutenant and major （英）陆军上尉. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) officer in the British Navy between the ranks of commander and admiral （英）海军上校. =>App 9 见附录9.  3 person given authority over a group or team; leader 队长; 组长: He was (the) captain of the football team for five years. 他当了五年的足球队长.  4 (idm 习语) a captain of `industry person who manages a large industrial company 工业巨头.

v [Tn] be captain of (a football team, etc) 担任（足球队等的）队长: Who is captaining the side today? 今天这队的队长是谁?/ˈkæptɪnsɪ; `kæptənsɪ/ n (a) [C, U] position of captain 船长、舰长、陆军上尉、海军上校或队长等的职位: take over the captaincy 接任船长一职 * Captaincy suits him. 他适合当舰长. (b) [C] period of being captain 船长、舰长、陆军上尉、海军上校或队长等的任期: during her captaincy 在她担任舰长期间. (c) [U] quality of a captain's actions 船长、舰长、陆军上尉、海军上校或队长等的能力: showing fine captaincy 表现出任职船长的才干./ˈkæpʃn; `kæpʃən/ n  1 short title or heading of an article in a magazine, etc （杂志等文章中的）标题, 题目.  2 words printed with an illustration or a photograph in order to describe or explain it （附于插图、照片上的）说明文字.  3 words shown on a cinema or television screen, eg to establish the scene of a story (eg `New York 1981') （电影片或电视上的）字幕（如｀纽约1981年＇）./ˈkæpʃəs; `kæpʃəs/ adj (fml 文) fond of criticizingor raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling 好吹毛求疵的; 好挑剔的. adv. n [U]./ˈkæptɪveɪt; `kæptəˌvet/ v [Tn] fascinate (sb); charm; enchant 迷住（某人）; 迷惑: He was captivated by her beauty. 他被她的美色迷住了.adj fascinating; charming 有迷惑力的; 使人神魂颠倒的: a captivating woman 迷人的女子 * He found her captivating. 他觉得她很迷人./ˌkæptɪˈveɪʃn; ˌkæptə`veʃən/ n [U]./ˈkæptɪv; `kæptɪv/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] held as a prisoner; unable to escape 被俘虏的; 逃不掉的: a captive bird 被捕获的鸟.  2 (idm 习语) hold/take sb `captive/`prisoner keep or take sb as a prisoner 囚禁或俘虏某人: They were held captive by masked gunmen. 他们被蒙面的持枪歹徒劫持了.

n captive person or animal 被捉住的人或动物: Three of the captives tried to escape. 捉住的有三个企图逃走.audience with little or no freedom to go away and therefore easily persuaded to listen or watch 被动听众, 被动观众（无法轻易离开者, 故易受诱导）: Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience. 电视广告商能利用被动观众.balloon held to the ground by a cable 系留气球（用绳索系在地面上的）./kæpˈtɪvətɪ; kæp`tɪvətɪ/ n [U] state of being captive 被俘; 被捕; 囚禁: He was held in captivity for three years. 他被囚禁三年. * Wild animals don't breed well in captivity. 圈着的动物繁殖不好./ˈkæptə(r); `kæptɚ/ n person who captures a person or an animal 捕捉者; 捕获者: The hostages were well treated by their captors. 那些人质受到劫持者的善待./ˈkæptʃə(r); `kæptʃɚ/ v [Tn]  1 take (sb/sth) as a prisoner 俘获（某人[某物]）: capture an escaped convict 捉拿逃犯 * (fig 比喻) This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences. 这广告将引起电视观众的注意.  2 take or win (sth) by force or skill 用武力或技巧夺取或赢得（某物）: capture a town 占领城镇 * capture one's opponent's queen, ie in a game of chess 捉住对方的后（国际象棋中）.  3 succeed in representing (sb/sth) in a picture, on film, etc 捕捉（画面或影片中的某人[某物]）: capture a baby's smile in a photograph 拍摄到婴儿的微笑.

n  1 [U] capturing or being captured 捕捉或被捕捉: the capture of a thief 捕捉窃贼 * He evaded capture for three days. 他逃避追捕已三日.  2 [C] person or thing captured 被捕获的人或物; 俘虏; 战利品./kɑː(r); kɑr/ n  1 (also `motor car, esp US automobile) motor vehicle with (usu four) wheels for carrying passengers 汽车: buy a new car 买新汽车 * What kind of car do you have? 你的汽车是什么样的? * We're going (to London) by car. 我们开车去（伦敦）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. =>illus 见插图.  2 (in compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (a) railway carriage of a specified type （某类型的）火车车厢: a dining-/sleeping-car. (b) = carriage 2. (c) (US) any railway carriage or van 火车车厢: a freight car.  3 passenger compartment of an airship, a balloon, a cable railway or a lift （飞艇、气球、缆车或电梯的）载人舱室.outdoorsale at which people sell unwanted possessions, etc from the boots of their cars 汽车行李箱货物出售（将不想要的东西置于自己的汽车行李箱中出售）.n sea or air ferry for carrying cars (eg across the English Channel) 载运汽车过海的渡轮或运输机（如渡英吉利海峡的）; 汽车渡轮; 汽车运输机.n (usu outdoor) area for parking cars （通常为露天的）汽车停车场: a multi-storey car-park 多层停车场.n shelter for a car, consisting of a roof supported by posts （有棚架的）汽车间./kəˈræf; kə`ræf/ n   1 glass container in which wine or water are served at meals （餐桌上盛酒或水的）玻璃瓶. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图.  2 amount contained in this 一瓶的量: I can't drink more than half a carafe. 我顶多能喝半瓶./ˈkærəmel; `kærəml/ n  1 [U] burnt sugar used for colouring and flavouring food （食物着色或调味用的）焦糖.  2 [U, C] type of toffee tasting like this （含焦糖味的）太妃糖: a piece of caramel 一块焦糖味太妃糖.  3 [U] colour of caramel; light brown 焦糖色; 淡褐色.=> caramelize/ˈkærəməlaɪz; `kærəməˌlaɪz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) turn into caramel （使某物）变成焦糖./ˈkærəpeɪs; `kærəˌpes/ n shell on the back of a tortoise or crustacean （龟或其他甲壳类动物的）甲壳./ˈkærət; `kærət/ n (abbr 缩写 ct)  1 unit of weight (200 milligrams) for precious stones 克拉（宝石重量单位, 等于200毫克）.  2 (US karat) unit of measurement of the purity of gold (pure gold being 24 carats) 开（黄金纯度单位, 纯金为24开）: a 20-carat gold ring20开的金戒指 * a ring of 20 carats 20开的戒指./ˈkærəvæn; `kærəˌvæn/ n  1 (Brit) (US trailer) large vehicle on wheels, equipped for living in and usu towed by a motor vehicle （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）.  2 covered cart or wagon used for living in, and able to be pulled by a horse （供居住可用马拉的）篷车: a gypsy caravan 吉卜赛人的篷车.  3 group of people (eg merchants) travelling together across the desert （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队）.

v (-nn-) [I] (usu 通常作 go caravan-ning) have a holiday in a caravan 乘拖车度假: We're going caravanning in Spain this summer. 我们今年夏天要乘拖车到西班牙度假./ˌkærəˈvænsərɪ, -səraɪ; ˌkærə`vænsərɪ,-səˌraɪ/ n (in some Eastern countries) inn with a large central courtyard where caravans (caravan 3) can stay for the night （在东方某些国家中, 有大庭院可供沙漠旅行队过夜的）客店, 客栈./ˈkærəweɪ; `kærəˌwe/ n (a) [C] plant with spicy seeds that are used for flavouring bread, cakes, etc 葛缕子（植物, 籽味香, 用以为面包、糕饼等增味, 又名　页蒿）. (b) [U] (also `caraway seed) these seeds used in cooking 葛缕子的籽（用于烹饪, 俗称　页蒿籽）./ˈkɑːbaɪd; `kɑrbaɪd/ n compound of carbon, esp calcium carbide 碳化物; （尤指）碳化钙./ˈkɑːbaɪn; `kɑrbaɪn/ n short light automatic rifle 卡宾枪./ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt; ˌkɑrbo`haɪdret/ n  1 [C, U] any of various types of organic compound, such as sugar and starch, containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 碳水化合物; 糖类.  2 carbohydrates [pl] foods containing carbohydrate, considered to be fattening 淀粉质或糖类食物（可使身体发胖）: You eat too many carbohydrates! 你吃淀粉质食物太多了!/kɑːˌbɒlɪk ˈæsɪd; kɑr`bɑlɪk `æsɪd/ (also phenol) strong-smelling and powerful liquid used as an antiseptic and disinfectant 石碳酸, 酚（味烈, 药性强的防腐剂和消毒剂）.

/kɑːˌbɒlɪk ˈæsɪd; kɑr`bɑlɪk `æsɪd/ (also phenol) strong-smelling and powerful liquid used as an antiseptic and disinfectant 石碳酸, 酚（味烈、药性强的防腐剂和消毒剂）./ˈkɑːbən; `kɑrbən/ n  1 [U] non-metallic chemical element that is present in all living matter and occurs in its pure form as diamond and graphite 碳. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 [C] stick of carbon used in an electric arc lamp 炭精棒（用于电弧光灯）.  3 [C] = carbon paper.  4 [C] = carbon copy.black powder made by partly burning oil, wood, etc, and used as a colouring or in the manufacture of rubber 碳黑（未完全燃烧的油、木材等的黑色粉末, 用于调色或橡胶生产）.1 copy made with carbon paper 复写本; 副本: make a carbon copy of a document 用复写纸复写一文件.  2 (fig 比喻) exact copy or likeness 一模一样; 极相像: She's a carbon copy of her sister. 她跟她姐姐一模一样.method of calculating the age of prehistoric objects by measuring the decay of radio-carbonin them 碳含量年代测定法.colourless odourless gas formed by the burning of carbon, or breathed out by animals from the lungs 二氧化碳.poisonous gas formed when carbon burns incompletely, present eg in the exhaust fumes of petrol engines 一氧化碳.(sheet of) thin paper coated with carbon or some other coloured substance and used between sheets of writing-paper for making copies 复写纸./ˈkɑːbəneɪtɪd; `kɑrbəˌnetɪd/ adj containing carbon dioxide; fizzy 含二氧化碳的; 发嘶嘶声的; 起泡的: carbonated drinks 含二氧化碳的饮料./kɑːˌbɒnɪk ˈæsɪd; kɑr`bɑnɪk `æsɪd/ weak acid made by dissolving carbon dioxide in water 碳酸./ˌkɑːbəˈnɪfərəs; ˌkɑrbə`nɪfərəs/ adj (geology 地质)  1 producing coal 产煤的: carboniferous rocks 产煤的岩层.  2 Carboniferous of the geological period when coal deposits were formed 石炭纪的.

n the Carboniferous period 石炭纪.=> carbonization=> carbonize/ˌkɑːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪˈz-; ˌkɑrbənɪ`zeʃən/ n [U].v [Tn] convert (sth) into carbon by burning 将（某物）烧成碳; 碳化. /ˌkɑːbəˈrʌndəm; ˌkɑrbə`rʌndəm/ n (propr 专利名) hard compound of carbon and silicon, used for polishing and grinding things 碳化硅; 金刚砂./ˈkɑːbɔɪ; `kɑrbɔɪ/ n large round glass or plastic bottle, usu enclosed in a protective framework, used for carrying dangerous liquids （大而圆的）玻璃瓶或塑料瓶（通常有护套, 用以运载危险液体）./ˈkɑːbʌŋkl; `kɑrbʌŋkl/ n  1 large inflamed swelling under the skin 痈.  2 bright-red gem with a rounded shape 红玉; 红宝石./ˌkɑːbəˈretə(r); `kɑrbjəˌrɛtɚ/ (US carburetor/ 5kB:rbEreItEr; `kBrbE9retL/) n apparatus in a petrol engine for mixing fuel and air to make an explosive mixture 汽化器; 化油器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii./ˈkɑːkəs; `kɑrkəs/ n  1 dead body of an animal, esp one prepared for cutting up as meat （动物的）尸体（尤指为切割供食用的）: vultures picking at a lion's carcass 啄食狮子尸体的秃鹫. Cf 参看 corpse.  2 bones of a cooked bird 烹调过的禽鸟骨骼: You might find a bit of meat left on the chicken carcass. 鸡骨头上还可能有点儿肉呢.  3 (joc or derog 谑或贬) person's body （人的）身体: Shift your carcass! 别死呆在这儿, 躲开!/ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə; ˌkɑrsə`nomə/ n (pl ~s or  ~ta/ -tE; -tE/) (medical 医) cancerous growth 癌./kɑːd; kɑrd/ n  1 [U] thick stiff paper or thin pasteboard 厚纸片; 薄纸板.  2 [C] piece of this for writing or printing on, used to identify a person or to record information or as proof of membership 卡片: an identity card 身分证 * a record card 记录卡 * a membership card 会员卡.  3 [C] piece of this with a picture on it, for sending greetings, messages, etc 贺卡; 慰问卡; 明信片: a Christmas/birthday card 圣诞[生日]卡 * a get-well card, ie one sent to sb who is unwell 康复祝卡 * David sent us a card (ie a postcard) from Spain. 大卫从西班牙给我们寄来一张明信片.  4 [C] = playing-card: a pack of cards 一副纸牌.  5 cards [pl] games played with a set of playing-cards; card-playing 纸牌游戏: win/lose at cards 纸牌戏中赢[输] * Let's play cards. 咱们玩纸牌吧.  6 [C] programme of events at a race-meeting, etc （赛马、赛跑等比赛的）节目单, 项目单.  7 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) odd or amusing person 怪人; 有趣的人: Bertie's quite a card. 伯蒂真是个怪人.  8 (idm 习语) one's best/strongest `card one's strongest or most effective argument 某人的王牌、绝招或最强有力的论据. (have) a card up one's sleeve sth secret held in reserve until needed 锦囊妙计. get one's `cards/give sb his `cards (infml 口) be dismissed/dismiss sb from a job 开除; 解雇. have the cards/odds stacked a`gainst one => stack. hold/keep one's cards ,close to one's `chest be secretive about one's intentions 秘而不宣; 不露声色. a house of cards => house. lay/put one's `cards on the table be honest and open about one's resources and intentions 摊牌; 将实力与意图公开: We can only reach agreement if we both put our cards on the table. 我们双方只有摊开来说才能达成协议. make a `card (in card-games) win a trick with a particular card （纸牌戏中）以一牌赢一墩. on the cards (infml 口) likely or possible 多半; 可能的: An early general election is certainly on the cards. 早日举行大选确有可能. play one's `cards well, right, etc act in the most effective way to achieve sth 做事精明; 处理得当: You could end up running this company if you play your cards right. 你要是处理得当, 到头来这个公司能归你掌管. show one's hand/cards => show2.

/kɑːd; kɑrd/ n wire brush or toothed instrument for cleaning or combing wool （清理或梳理毛的）硬刷, 梳子.

v [Tn] clean or comb (wool) with this （用硬刷或梳子）刷, 梳（毛）.= index 1b.= block vote (block1).registered member of a political party, trade union, etc 正式的党员、工会会员等: a card-carrying member of the Communist party 共产党正式党员.n game using playing-cards 纸牌游戏: Bridge, poker and whist are card-games. 桥牌、扑克和惠斯特都是纸牌游戏.n person who earns a living by cheating at card-games 以纸牌骗赌为生的人.n (esp folding) table for playing cards on （尤指折　的）纸牌桌./ˈkɑːdəməm; `kɑrdəməm/ n (a) [C] E Indian plant 小豆蔻（东印度植物）. (b) [U] its seeds used as a spice 小豆蔻的子（用以调味）./ˈkɑːdbɔːd; `kɑrdˌbɔrd/ n [U]  1 thick stiff type of paper or pasteboard used for making boxes, binding books, etc 硬纸板（用以制盒子、装订书籍等）: [attrib 作定语] a cardboard box 纸箱; 纸盒.  2 [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) without real substance or worth 无实质的; 无价值的: a cardboard figure, character, dictator 有名无实的人物、角色、独裁者.comb form 构词成分 of the heart 心脏的: cardiogram * cardiologist./ˈkɑːdɪæk; `kɑrdɪˌæk/ adj of or relating to the heart or heart disease 心脏的; 心脏病的: cardiac muscles, disease, patients 心肌、心脏病、心脏病患者 * cardiac arrest, ie temporary or permanent stopping of the heartbeat 心跳停止./ˈkɑːdɪgən; `kɑrdɪˇən/ n knitted woollen jacket, usu with no collar and with buttons at the front 毛衣（通常指无领有扣前对襟的）./ˈkɑːdɪnl; `kɑrdnəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] most important; chief; fundamental 最重要的; 主要的; 基本的: cardinal sins, errors, virtues, etc 大罪、大错、大德.

n (also cardinal number) whole number representing quantity, eg 1, 2, 3, etc 基数（如1、2、3等. Cf 参看 ordinal. =>App 4 见附录4.

/ˈkɑːdɪnl; `kɑrdnəl/ adj, n [U] (of a) deep red colour 深红色（的）.

/ˈkɑːdɪnl; `kɑrdnəl/ n any of a group of senior Roman Catholic priests who elect the Pope 红衣主教; 枢机主教.the four main points of the compass, ie North, South, East and West 基本方位（罗盘上的东南西北等四个主要方位）./-dʒɪst; -dʒɪst/ n./ˌkɑːdɪˈɒlədʒɪ; ˌkɑrdi`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] branch of medicine concerned with the heart and its diseases 心脏病学. /keə(r); kɛr/ n  1 [U] ~ (over sth/in doing sth) (a) serious attention or thought 密切的注意; 审慎的思索: She arranged the flowers with great care. 她仔细地插花. * You should take more care over your work. 你对工作应该更认真些. (b) caution to avoid damage or loss 小心; 谨慎: Care is needed when crossing the road. 过马路时要小心. * Fragile  handle with care, eg as a warning on a container holding glass. 易碎--小心轻放（如容器内有玻璃的警告语）.  2 [U] ~ (for sb) sympathetic concern 关怀; 关心: a mother's care for her children 母亲对孩子的关怀 * Old people need loving care and attention. 老人需要爱护和照顾.  3 (a) [U] worry; anxiety; troubled state of mind 忧虑; 担心; 操心; 烦恼: free from care 无忧无虑. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] cause of or reason for worry 忧虑的起因或缘故: weighed down by the cares of a demanding job 被费力的工作压垮 * not have a care in the world, ie have no worries or responsibilities 无尘世之忧（无牵无挂）.  4 (idm 习语) care of sb (abbr 缩写 c/o) (esp written on envelopes) at the address of sb （尤指书写于信封上的字样）由某人转交: Write to him care of his solicitor. 写给他的信件由律师转交. have a `care (dated 旧) be more careful 更当心些. in the care of sb in sb's charge; under sb's supervision 由某人负责; 由某人照管: in the care of a doctor 由医生照料 * They left the child in a friend's care. 他们把孩子交给朋友照看. take care (that.../to do sth) be careful or cautious 当心; 小心: Take care (that) you don't drink too much/not to drink too much. 当心别喝多了. * Good bye, and take care! 再见, 多保重! take care of oneself/sb/sth (a) make sure that one/sb is safe and well; look after oneself/sb 照看; 照料; 照顾: My sister is taking care of the children while we're away. 我们不在的时候, 由我妹妹照看孩子. * He's old enough to take care of himself. 他大了, 能照顾自己了. (b) be responsible for sb/sth; deal with sb/sth 负责某人[某事]; 处理某人[某事]: Mr Smith takes care of marketing and publicity. 史密斯先生负责产品的销售与推广. * Her secretary took care of all her appointments. 她的秘书处理她的一切约会. =>Usage at care2 用法见care2. take/put sb into/put sb in `care put (esp a child) in a home owned by a local authority(2) for special treatment 把（尤指儿童）交给地方当局的福利院照顾: The social worker advised them to put their handicapped child into care. 社会工作者建议他们将其残疾儿送到福利院去.

/keə(r); kɛr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tw] ~ (about sth) be worried, concerned or interested 忧虑; 关心; 惦念: He failed the examination but he didn't seem to care. 他考试不及格却似乎并不在乎. * Don't you care about this country's future? 难道你不为国家前途担忧吗? * I don't think she cares (about) what happens to her children. 我认为她并不关心她孩子的事. * All she cares about is her social life. 她关心的只是她的社交活动. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [Ipr, It] ~ for sth (in negative or interrogative sentences, esp with would 用于否定句或疑问句, 尤与would连用) be willing or agree (to do sth); wish or like (to do sth) 愿意或同意（做某事）; 希望或喜欢（做某事）: Would you care for a drink? 你愿意喝点儿酒吗? * Would you care to go for a walk? 你愿意散散步吗? =>Usage at want1 用法见want1.  3 (idm 习语) for all one/sb cares considering how little one/sb cares 自己[某人]漠不关心: I might as well be dead for all he cares. 我即使死了他也毫不关心. not care `less (infml 口) be completely uninterested or unmoved by sth 对某事完全不感兴趣或无动于衷: I couldn't care less who wins the match. 我才不管这场比赛谁胜呢. who `cares? (infml 口) nobody cares; I don't care 无人关心; 我不管: `Who do you think will be the next Prime Minister?' `Who cares?' ｀你认为下届首相会是谁呢?＇ ｀谁管那个?  4 (phr v) care for sb (a) like or love sb 喜欢或爱某人: He cares for her deeply. 他深深地爱着她. (b) be responsible for sb; look after sb; take care of sb 对某人负责; 照看某人; 照顾某人: care for the sick 照看病人 * Who will care for him if his wife dies? 假若他妻子死了, 谁照顾他? care for sb/sth (in negative or interrogative sentences 用于否定句或疑问句) have a taste or liking for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]爱好或喜爱: I don't care much for opera. 我不太喜欢歌剧. * I like him but I don't care for her. 我喜欢他, 却不太喜欢她.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Both take care of (somebody or something) and care for (someone) can mean `look after' *take care of（某人或某事物）和care for（某人）均可指｀照看＇: She takes great care of her children. 她精心照看孩子. *  He's caring for his elderly parents. 他正照顾着年迈的父母.  2 Care for can also mean `like' or `love' *care for还可意为｀喜欢＇或｀爱＇: I'm fond of her but I don't care for her husband. 我喜欢她, 但不喜欢她丈夫.  3 Care for something and care to do something mean `wish' or `like' and are rather formal. *care for某事物和care to do某事物意为｀希望＇或｀喜欢＇, 均较庄重. They are mostly used with would in negative sentences and in questions 这两个词组在否定句和疑问句中多与would连用: Would you care for a swim? 你想去游泳吗? *  I wouldn't care to do her job. 我不喜欢做她的工作.  4 Care (about) (somebody or something) means `be interested' or `be concerned'. It is also mostly used in negative sentences and in questions *care (about)（某人或某事物）意为｀感兴趣＇或｀关心＇, 也多用于否定句和疑问句: Don't you care about anybody? 你难道谁也不关心吗? *  I don't care (about) what happens to him. 我才不管他的事呢./kəˈriːn; kə`rin/ v  1 [Tn] turn (a ship) on its side (esp for cleaning or repairing) 将（船）倾侧（尤指为清刷或修理）.  2 [I] (of a ship) turn over or tilt （指船）倾侧, 倾斜.  3 [Ipr] (US) rush forward with a swaying or swerving motion 摇摇摆摆向前冲: The driver lost control and the car careened down the hill. 因司机失控, 那辆汽车就横冲直撞地冲下山去./kəˈrɪə(r); kə`rɪr/ n  1 [C] profession or occupation with opportunities for advancement or promotion 职业; 事业; 生涯: a career in accountancy, journalism, politics, etc 会计、新闻工作、政治等生涯 * She chose an academic career. 她选择了学术界职业. * [attrib 作定语] a career diplomat, ie a professional one 职业外交家.  2 [C] progress through life; development of a political party, etc 生命的历程; 政党等的发展: look back on a successful career 对成功经历的回顾.  3 [U] quick or violent forward movement 迅速的前进; 猛冲: in full career, ie at full speed 全速前进 * stop sb in mid career, ie as he is rushing along 在他飞奔时止住他.

v [Ipr, Ip] move about quickly and often dangerously 猛冲（常为危险地）: careering down the road on a bicycle 骑着自行车沿路飞奔而去 * The car careered off the road into a ditch. 汽车冲出路面, 陷进沟里.(esp sexist or derog 尤含性别偏见或贬义) woman who is more interested in a professional career than in eg getting married and having children （视事业重于结婚生子等的）职业妇女./kəˈrɪərɪst; kə`rɪrɪst/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who is keen to advance his or her career by any possible means 不择手段向上爬的人; 野心家.adj without responsibilities or worries; cheerful 无忧无虑的; 逍遥自在的; 快乐的: young and carefree 年幼而无忧的./ˈkeəfl; `kɛrfəl/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (about/of/with sth); ~ (about/in) doing sth taking care; cautious 小心; 当心; 警惕: Be careful not to/that you don't hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情. * Be careful with the glasses, ie Don't break them. 小心玻璃杯. * Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people. 留心那条狗, 有时候咬人. * Be careful (about/of) what you say to him. 对他说话可得小心. * Be careful (about/in) crossing the road. 过马路要留神. * He's very careful with his money, ie He doesn't spend it on unimportant things. 他用钱很仔细.  2 (a) giving serious attention and thought; painstaking 聚精会神的; 深思熟虑的; 审慎的; 苦心的: a careful worker 一丝不苟的工作者. (b) done with care 精心的: a careful piece of work 精细的作品 * a careful examination of the facts 认真的核实. > carefully/ 5keEfElI; `kZrfElI/ adv: Please listen carefully. 请注意听. * I always drive more carefully at night. 我夜晚开车总是更加小心. n [U]./ˈkeəlɪs; `kɛrlɪs/ adj  1 ~ (about/of sth) not taking care; inattentive; thoughtless 不小心的; 不注意的; 粗心的: a careless driver, worker, etc 粗心大意的司机、工作者等 * careless about spelling, money, one's appearance 对拼写、金钱、仪表粗心大意的.  2 resulting from lack of care 由粗心引起的: a careless error, mistake, etc 疏忽性的错误. adv. n [U]./kəˈres; kə`rɛs/ n loving touch or stroke 爱抚; 抚摩.

v [Tn] touch or stroke (sb/sth) lovingly 爱抚或抚摩（某人[某物]）: She caressed his hand. 她抚摩他的手./ˈkærət; `kærət/ n symbol (_) used to show where sth is to be inserted in written or printed material 脱字号, 加字号（_）./ˈkeəteɪkə(r); `kɛrˌtekɚ/ n (Brit) (US janitor) person who is employed to look after a house, building, etc 看门人（受雇看管房屋、建筑物等的人）: the school caretaker 学校的门卫.

adj [attrib 作定语] holding power temporarily; interim 暂时代理的; 临时的: a caretaker administration, government, prime minister 代理行政、看守政府、代首相.adj showing signs of much worry 忧心忡忡的; 操心的: an old and careworn face 苍老而忧伤的面孔.n (US) money that one must pay to travel on a bus or streetcar （公共汽车或电车的）车费./ˈkɑːgəʊ; `kɑrˇo/ n (pl ~es; US ~s) [C, U] (load of) goods carried in a ship or aircraft （用船或飞行器运载的）货物（量）: [attrib 作定语] a cargo ship 货船.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Compare cargo, freight and goods *试比较 cargo、freight、goods这三个词. These words are used before the names of vehicles that transport things rather than passengers. They can also refer to the objects transported 这三个词均用于货运的（而非客运的）运载工具名称之前, 也可指所运载的货物: A cargo plane/ship/vessel carries cargo. 货运飞机[货轮/货船]是运载货物的. *  A goods/(US) freight train carries goods/freight. 货运列车是运载货物的. （｀货运＇一词, 英式英语用goods, 美式英语用freight.） *  A passenger train sometimes also has goods wagons/(US) freight cars. 客运列车有时也有货车车厢. （｀货车车厢＇英式英语为goods wagon, 美式英语为freight car.）  2 Cargo [C] can also indicate a particular load that is being transported *cargo还可指所运载货物的量: A cargo of steel was lost at sea. 有一货轮的钢材在海上遗失了.  3 Freight [U] also indicates the action of transporting *freight也可指运输工作: We can send it by air/sea freight. 我们可以空运[海运]. *  What is the freight charge? 运费多少钱? In this sense  freight can also be a verb *freight意为运输时, 也可作动词: You can freight your belongings by air or sea. 你可把东西经空运或海运运去./ˈkærɪbuː; `kærəˌbu/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作caribous) N American reindeer （北美洲产的）驯鹿: a herd of fifty caribou(s) 五十只驯鹿./ˈkærɪkətjʊə(r); `kærɪkəˌtjᴜr/ n (a) [C] picture,description or imitation of sb/sth that exaggerates certain characteristics in order to amuse or ridicule 漫画; 夸张的描述或模仿: draw a caricature of a politician 画一政客的漫画 * He does very funny caricatures of all his friends. 他夸张地模仿了所有的朋友, 非常滑稽. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] art of doing this 漫画艺术; 滑稽或讽刺的模仿艺术.

v [Tn] make or give a caricature of (sb/sth) 用漫画表现或夸张描述、模仿（某人[某事物]）.n./ˈkeəriːz; `kɛriz/ n [U] (medical 医) decay in bones or teeth 骨疡; 龋: dental caries 龋齿./kəˈrɪljən; <i>US</i> ˈkærəlɒn; `kærəˌlɑn/ n  1 set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically 编钟; 钟琴.  2 tune played on bells 钟乐曲./ˈkeərɪŋ; `kɛrɪŋ/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] showing or feeling care1(2) 表示或感到关怀或关心的: caring parents 有责任心的父母 * Children need a caring environment. 儿童需要一个受关怀的环境./ˈkeərɪəs; `kɛrɪəs/ adj (medical 医) (esp of bones or teeth) decayed; affected with caries （尤指骨或齿）腐蚀的, 患骨疡的, 龋的./ˈkɑːməlaɪt; `kɑrmlˌaɪt/ n, adj (friar or nun) belonging to a very strict religious order founded in 1155 加尔默罗会的（修士或修女）./ˈkɑːmaɪn; `kɑrmaɪn/ adj, n [U] (of a) deep red colour 深红色（的）; 洋红色（的）./ˈkɑːnɪdʒ; `kɑrnɪdʒ/ n [U] killing of many people 大屠杀: a scene of carnage, eg a battlefield 大屠杀的场面（如战场）./ˈkɑːnl; `kɑrnəl/ adj (fml 文) of the body; sexual or sensual 肉体的; 性的; 感官的: carnal desires 肉欲. /ˈkɑːnəlɪ; `kɑrnəlɪ/ adv./kɑːˈneɪʃn; kɑr`neʃən/ n (a) garden plant with sweet-smelling white, pink or red flowers 麝香石竹; 康乃馨. (b) one of these flowers 康乃馨: wear a carnation in one's buttonhole 钮扣孔插着康乃馨. =>illus at App 1见附录 1之插图, page ii./ˈkɑːnɪvl; `kɑrnəvl/ n (a) [C, U] (period of) public festivities and merry-making occurring at a regular time of year, eg in Roman Catholic countries during the week before Lent 狂欢节; 嘉年华会（天主教国家大斋期前一周内的狂欢）: [attrib 作定语] a carnival atmosphere 狂欢节的气氛. (b) [C] festival of this kind, usu with a procession 狂欢节（通常有游行活动）: a street carnival 街道上的狂欢节景象./ˈkɑːnɪvɔː(r); `kɑrnəˌvɔr/ n flesh-eatinganimal 肉食动物. Cf 参看 herbivore./kɑːˈnɪvərəs; kɑr`nɪvərəs/ adj flesh-eating 食肉的./ˈkærəl; `kærəl/ n joyful song, esp a Christmas hymn 欢乐之歌（尤指圣诞颂歌）: a Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌 * carol singers, ie singers who visit people's houses at Christmas to sing carols and collect money, usu for charity 颂歌队（圣诞节挨户唱圣诞颂歌募捐的歌手, 通常为慈善募捐）.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [I]  1 sing joyfully 欢乐地唱.  2 (usu 通常作 go carolling) sing Christmas carols 去唱圣诞颂歌: We often go carolling (ie go from house to house, singing carols) at Christmas. 我们在圣诞节常去唱颂歌（挨门挨户唱颂歌）. n./kəˈrɒtɪd; kə`rɑtɪd/ adj, n (relating to) either of the two large blood-vessels (carotid arteries) in the neck, carrying blood to the head 颈动脉（的）./kəˈraʊzl; kə`raᴜzl/ [C, U] (dated 旧) (noisy party with) drinking and merry-making 痛饮狂欢的（热闹的宴会）./kəˈraʊz; kə`raᴜz/ v [I] (dated 旧) drink and be merry with others (at a noisy meal, party, etc) （在热闹的宴会上）狂饮作乐./ˌkærəˈsel; ˌkærə`sɛl/ n  1 (US) = roundabout 1.  2 (esp at an airport) revolving apparatus or moving belt on which luggage is placed for collection by passengers （尤指机场的）旋转式行李传送带.  3 circular holder that feeds slides (slide1 4a) into a projector （将幻灯片送入幻灯机内的）卡盘./kɑːp; kɑrp/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of large edible freshwater fish that lives in lakes and ponds 鲤鱼.

/kɑːp; kɑrp/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/about sb/sth) (derog 贬) complain continually about unimportant matters 挑剔; 吹毛求疵; 找茬儿: have a carping tongue 有一张刻薄嘴 * carping criticism 吹毛求疵的批评 * She's always carping at her children. 她老挑孩子的毛病./ˈkɑːpl; `kɑrpl/ adj (anatomy 解) of the wrist 腕的.

n (anatomy 解) any of the bones in the wrist 腕骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图./ˈkɑːpəntə(r); `kɑrpəntɚ/ n person whose job is making or repairing wooden objects and structures 木匠. Cf 参看 joiner./-trɪ; -trɪ/ n [U] art or work of a carpenter 木工工艺; 木作: learn carpentry 学木工 * a fine piece of carpentry 精致的木工艺品./ˈkɑːpɪt; `kɑrpɪt/ n  1 (a) [U] thick woollen or synthetic fabric for covering floors 地毯. (b) [C] piece of this shaped to fit a particular room （适用于某房间的）全屋地毯: lay a carpet, ie fit it to a floor 铺地毯 * We have fitted carpets (ie carpets from wall to wall) in our house. 我们家已全铺了地毯（覆盖全部地板的地毯）. * We need a new bedroom carpet. 我们需要一块卧室用的新地毯. Cf 参看 red carpet (red1).  2 [C] thick layer of sth on the ground 地上的一厚层的东西: a carpet of leaves, moss, snow, etc 一厚层的叶子、苔、雪等.  3 (idm 习语) on the `carpet (infml 口) summoned before sb in authority to be reprimanded 被叫去受训斥: The boss had me on the carpet over my expenses claim. 因为索取报销费的事, 老板把我叫去训了一顿. pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. sweep sth under the carpet => sweep1.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] cover (sth) with or as if with a carpet 以地毯或好像以地毯覆盖（某物）: carpet the stairs 在台阶上铺上地毯 * a lawn carpeted with fallen leaves 被落叶覆盖着的草坪.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) reprimand (sb) 申斥, 责骂（某人）: be carpeted by one's boss 遭老板申斥.n (formerly) travelling bag made of carpet （旧时）毯制旅行袋. `carpet-bagger n (derog 贬) political candidate, etc who hopes for success in an area where he is not known and is therefore resented （在某地区因无名声而受排斥却希望获胜的）政治上的候选人等.n [pl] soft slippers with woollen or cloth uppers, worn indoors （室内穿用, 以毛绒或布作面的）软拖鞋.n device with revolving brushes for sweeping carpets （有旋转刷的）扫地毯器./ˈkærɪdʒ; `kærɪdʒ/ n  1 [C] (also coach) vehicle (usu with four wheels), pulled by a horse or horses, for carrying people （通常为四轮的载客的）马车.  2 [C] (Brit also coach) (US car) railway coach for carrying passengers （火车）客车厢: a first-/second-class carriage 头等[二等]车厢.  3 [U] (cost of) transporting goods from one place to another 货运（费）: carriage forward, ie The cost of carriage is to be paid by the receiver. 运费由收货人支付. * carriage free/paid, ie The cost of carriage is paid by the sender. 运费免付[已付]（已由发货人付讫）.  4 [C] = gun-carriage (gun).  5 [C] moving part of a machine that supports or moves another part （机器的）移动托架: a typewriter carriage 打字机的滑动架.  6 [sing] (dated 旧) way in which sb holds and moves his head and body 仪态; 举止; 姿势: have a very upright carriage 挺着腰板.n part of a road on which vehicles travel 车道: the northbound carriageway of a motorway 高速公路的北行车道./ˈkærɪə(r); `kærɪɚ/ n  1 person or thing that carries sth 运送某物的人或物.  2 person or company that carries goods or people for payment 运货人; 货运公司; 客运公司: Your carrier for this flight is British Airways. 你的这一班机是英国航空公司的飞机.  3 (usu metal) framework fixed to a bicycle, etc for carrying luggage or a small child （自行车等的）行李架: strap a parcel to the carrier 把包裹捆到行李架上.  4 person or animal that can transmit a disease to others without suffering from it 带菌者（可传染疾病而本身不受感染的人或动物）; 传染病的媒介: Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria. 蚊子是疟疾的传播媒介. Cf 参看 vector 2.  5 = aircraft-carrier (aircraft).  6 = carrier bag.(Brit) paper or plastic bag for carrying shopping （装载所购商品的）纸袋或塑料袋.pigeon trained to carry messages tied to its leg or neck 信鸽./ˈkærɪən; `kærɪən/ n [U] dead and decaying flesh 腐肉.type of crow that eats carrion and small animals （一种吃腐肉及小动物的）乌鸦./ˈkærət; `kærət/ n  1 (a) [C] plant with a long pointed orange root 胡萝卜. (b) [C, U] this root eaten as a vegetable 胡萝卜（蔬菜）: boiled beef and carrots 清炖牛肉胡萝卜 * Have some more carrots. 再吃点儿胡萝卜. * grated carrot 擦碎的胡萝卜.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) reward or advantage promised to sb to persuade him to do sth 说服某人做某事所许诺的报酬或利益: hold out/offer a carrot to sb 利诱某人.  3 (idm 习语) the carrot and the stick the hope of reward and the threat of punishment as a means of making sb try harder 胡萝卜加大棒; 软硬兼施; 威逼利诱: [attrib 作定语] a carrot-and-stick approach 胡萝卜加大棒的方法; 威逼利诱.adj (of hair) having an orange-red colour （指毛发）橘红色的.(US) = carousel./ˈkærɪ; `kærɪ/ v (pt, pp carried)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) support the weight of (sb/sth) and take (him/it) from place to place; take from one place to another 携带, 搬运, 传送, 运送（某人[某物]）: carry shopping, a suitcase, a rucksack, etc 携带着购买的东西、手提箱、背包等 * a train carrying commuters to and from work 运送通勤者上下班的火车 * The car had carried him 500 miles before it broke down. 汽车载着他行驶了500英里以後抛锚了. * She carried her baby in her arms. 她怀抱着婴儿. * He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在比赛中撞断了腿而被抬走. * Seeds can be carried for long distances by the wind. 种子能被风传送得很远. * The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了. (b) (of pipes, wires, etc) contain and direct the flow of (water, an electric current, etc); take; conduct （指管道、金属丝等）输送, 传导（水、电流等）: a pipeline carrying oil 输油管 * The veins carry blood to the heart. 静脉把血液输送进心脏. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [Tn] have (sth) with one 持有; 带有: Police in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪. * I never carry much money (with me). 我（身上）从来不多带钱. * (fig 比喻) He'll carry the memory of the experience (with him) for the rest of his life. 他能把这一经历记一辈子. =>Usage at wear2 用法见wear2.  3 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) be pregnant with (sb) 怀（胎）: She was carrying twins. 她怀着双胞胎.  4 [Tn] (esp of sth that does not move) support the weight of (sth) （尤指不动的东西）支撑, 承载（某物）: These pillars carry the weight of the roof. 这些柱子支撑着屋顶的重量. * A road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic. 高架路得承载很多车辆. * (fig 比喻) He is carrying the department (on his shoulders), ie It is only functioning because of his efforts and abilities. 他主持着这个部门.  5 [Tn] (a) have (sth) as an attribute; possess 有（某特性）; 具有: His voice carries the ring of authority. 他的声音中带有权威的口气. (b) have (sth) as a result; involve; entail 有（某种结果）; 含有; 使承担: Power carries great responsibilty. 有权力就要承担重任. * Crimes of violence carry heavy penalties. 暴力罪行要承受严厉的惩罚.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] take (sth) to a specified point or in a specified direction 使（某事物）延伸至某一点或向某一方向: The war was carried into enemy territory. 战争已伸展到敌方领土. * His ability carried him to the top of his profession. 他有才干能在本行业中首屈一指. * He carries modesty to extremes, ie is too modest. 他谦虚得过分.  7 [Tn] (in adding figures) transfer (a figure) to the next column （加法）进（位）.  8 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] approve (sth) by a majority of votes （以多数票）通过（某事）: The bill/motion/resolution was carried by 340 votes to 210. 这一提案[动议/决议]以340票对210票获得通过.  9 [Tn] win the support or sympathy of (sb) 赢得（某人）的支持或同情: His moving speech was enough to carry the audience. 他讲话感人足以赢得听众同情.  10 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ oneself hold or move one's head or body in a specified way 使头或身体呈现某种姿态: She carries herself well. 她体态优美.  11 (a) [In/pr] (of a missile, etc) cover a specified distance （指抛射物等）射至某距离: The full-back's kick carried 50 metres into the crowd. 後卫把球踢出50米远, 射入人群中. (b) [I] (of a sound, voice, etc) be audible at a distance （指声音等）达到可听见的某距离: A public speaker needs a voice that carries (well). 演说家要有（很远都能听到的）洪亮嗓音.  12 [Tn] (of a newspaper or broadcast) include (sth) in its content; contain （指报纸或广播）登载, 刊出, 播出（某事）: Today's papers carry full reports of the President's visit. 今天报纸上登载了总统访问的详尽报道.  13 [Tn] (of a shop) have (sth) for sale; include in its regular stock （指商店）出售（某物）; 有货: I'm sorry, this shop doesn't carry cigarettes. 对不起, 本店不卖香烟.  14 (idm 习语) as fast as one's legs can carry one => fast1. carry all/everything be`fore one be completely successful 完全成功; 大获全胜. carry the can (for sth) (infml 口) accept the responsibility or blame (for sth) （为某事）承担责任或承受责难. carry coals to `Newcastle take goods to a place where they are already plentiful; supply sth unnecessarily 多此一举. carry the day => day. carry/gain one's `point => point1. carry/take sth too, etc far => far2. carry the war into the enemy's camp attack (rather than being content to defend) 转（守）为攻; 反攻. carry `weight be influential or important 有影响; 有分量; 有力: Her opinion carries (great) weight (with the chairman). 她的意见（对主席）（很）有影响. fetch and carry => fetch.  15 (phr v) carry sb away (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) cause sb to lose self-control or be very excited 使某人失去自制力或非常兴奋: He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看电视中的摔跤就很兴奋.

n  1 [U] (a) range of a gun （枪炮的）射程. (b) distance that a golf ball travels before hitting the ground （高尔夫球落地前的）飞行距离.  2 [sing] act of carrying sb/sth 携、带、持、抱、抬、扛、背或载某人[某物]: Would you like me to give the baby a carry? 你愿意让我抱抱婴儿吗?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Carry, bear, cart, hump and lug share the meaning of `take (somebody or something) from one place to another'. *carry、bear、cart、hump、lug均意为｀将（某人或某物）从一处移至另一处. Carry is the most general term for the moving of loads of all weights. *carry一词最常用, 其所移动之物可轻可重. It can refer to passenger transport 这个词还可指客运: She came in carrying an important-looking piece of paper. 她进来时, 拿着一份看来很重要的文件. *  Could you carry this box to my car for me, please? 请你把这个箱子给我搬到我的汽车那里可以吗? *  The plane was carrying 250 passengers when it crashed. 飞机失事时载有250名乘客. When bear indicates movement it is formal *bear指移动时, 含义较庄重: The ambassador arrived bearing gifts for the Queen. 大使携礼物觐见女王. *  The hero was borne aloft on the shoulders of the crowd. 这个英雄被人们高擎肩上. Cart means `carry (away) (as if) in a cart' *cart意为｀（好像）用大车运（走）＇: We've asked the Council to come and cart away all this rubbish. 我们已经要求市政局来把这些垃圾运走. Informally it suggests force or unwillingness 这个词在口语中含有强迫或不自愿的意思: The police carted the protesters off to jail. 警察把抗议者押送监狱. *  I've been carting these books around for him all over the place. 我一直为他把书搬来搬去. Hump suggests that the load is heavy and difficult to move and is carried on one's back or shoulders *hump指以背或扛的方式移动笨重而难以移动之物: We've spent all day humping furniture up and down stairs. 我们花了一整天的时间楼上楼下地搬运家具.  Lug indicates that what is carried is pulled or dragged behind unwillingly and/or with difficulty *lug指不自愿地、艰难地拉或拽: Do I have to lug those suitcases all the way to the station? 难道非要我把那些手提箱一直拉到车站去吗?(infml 口) argue, quarrel or complain noisily; behave strangely 吵吵闹闹; 举动失常: He does carry on, doesn't he? 他真有点儿疯疯颠颠的, 是吧? carry on (with sth/doing sth); carry sth on continue (doing sth) 继续（做某事） : Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做（工作[你的工作]）. * They decided to carry on (eg continue their walk) in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持着（如继续走）. * Carry on the good work! 好好干下去! carry on (with sb) (infml 口) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) have an affair(5) with sb 与某人有暧昧关系: She's carrying on with her boss. 她和老板有暧昧关系. * They've been carrying on for years. 他们的暧昧关系已经有很多年了. carry sth on (a) take part in sth; conduct or hold sth 参加某事; 进行或举行某事: carry on a conversation, discussion, dialogue, etc 进行谈话、讨论、对话等. (b) conduct or transact sth 进行或经营某事物: carry on a business 经营事业.take sb back in memory 使某人回忆起: The sound of seagulls carried her back to childhood holidays by the sea. 她听到海鸥的叫声就回忆起童年时在海边度假的情景.help sb to survive a difficult period 帮助某人度过难关: His determination carried him through (the ordeal). 他靠坚定的信心度过了难关. carry sth through complete sth successfully 成功地完成某事物: It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through. 这是件艰巨的工作, 但她是能胜任的.transfer (the total of figures in a column or on a page) to a new column or page （簿记）将（一栏或一页的总数）转记于另一栏或另一页; 结转.win sth 赢得某物: She carried off most of the prizes for swimming. 她获得游泳项目的大多数奖. carry it/sth off handle a (difficult) situation successfully 成功地应付（困难）局面: He carried the speech off well despite feeling very nervous. 尽管他感到非常紧张, 但总算把演讲顺利地讲完了.(a) do sth as required or specified; fulfil sth 实施; 执行; 实行; 落实; 贯彻; 完成; 实现: carry out a promise, a threat, a plan, an order 实践诺言、进行威胁、实施计划、执行命令. (b) perform or conduct (an experiment, etc) 进行（实验等）: carry out an enquiry, an investigation, a survey, etc 进行查询、调查、勘查 * Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient. 对患者进行了多次试验.(a) postpone sth 将某事物延後. (b) = carry sth forward.n (US) = holdall`carry-cot n portable cot for a baby 手提式婴儿床.n (infml 口 esp Brit) [sing] fuss 大惊小怪; 忙乱: I've never heard such a carry-on! 我从来没听见过这样大惊小怪的事!n (Scot or US 用于苏格兰或美国) = take-away (take1).n [pl] (infml 口) noisy or excited behaviour 喧闹的或激动的样子: Did you hear the carryings-on next door last night? 你听见没听见昨晚隔壁闹翻天了?adj [usu pred 通常作表语] affected with nausea caused by the movement of a car 晕车: He's feeling carsick. 他觉得晕车. n [U]./kɑːt; kɑrt/ n  1 (a) vehicle with two or four wheels used for carrying loads and usu pulled by a horse （通常为马拉的两轮或四轮的）大车: a horse and cart 一套马车. Cf 参看 wagon 1. (b) (also `handcart) light vehicle with wheels that is pulled or pushed by hand 手推车.  2 (idm 习语) put the ,cart before the `horse reverse the logical order of things, eg by saying that the result of sth is what caused it 本末倒置; 因果颠倒.

v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]  1 carry (sth) in a cart 用大车拉（某物）: carting hay 用大车拉乾草 * cart away the rubbish 把垃圾拉走.  2 (infml 口) carry (sth) in the hands 拿; 提: I've been carting these cases around all day. 我整天都提着这些箱子. =>Usage at carry 用法见carry.n large strong horse used for heavy work （用以做重活的强壮的）大马.n amount that a cart holds 一辆大车所载的量.n rough track not suitable for motor vehicles （不适于机动车行驶的）大车道.n  1 wheel of a cart, with thick wooden spokes and a metal rim 马车轮.  2 sideways somersault 侧手翻: do/turn cartwheels 做[翻]侧手翻.  v [I] perform a cart-wheel 做侧手翻./ˌkɑːt ˈblɒnʃ; `kɑrt`blɑnʃ/ (French 法) complete freedom to act as one thinks best 全权处理: give sb/have carte blanche 授予某人[具有]全权./kɑːˈtel; `kɑrtl/ n [CGp] group of business firms which combine to control production and marketing, and to avoid competing with one another 卡特尔, 同业联盟（以控制产量, 销售及防止相互竞争）.n person whose job is driving carts or transporting goods 赶大车的人; 车把势./ˈkɑːtɪlɪdʒ; `kɑrtlɪdʒ/ n (a) [U] tough white flexible tissue attached to the bones of animals; gristle 软骨: I've damaged a cartilage in my knee. 我伤了膝关节的软骨. (b) [C] structure made of this 软骨结构./ˌkɑːtɪˈldʒɪnəs; ˌkɑrtl`ædʒənəs/ adj of or like cartilage 软骨的; 像软骨的./ˌkɑːtəˈgræfɪk; ˌkɑrtə`ˇræfɪk/ adj./kɑːˈtɒgrəfə(r); kɑr`tɑˇrəfɚ/ n person who draws maps and charts 制图者（绘制地图和图表者）./kɑːˈtɒgrəfɪ; kɑr`tɑˇrəfɪ/ n [U] art of drawing maps and charts 制图学; 制图法./ˈkɑːtn; `kɑrtn/ n light cardboard or plastic box for holding goods 纸板箱; 纸板盒: a carton of milk, cream, yoghurt, etc 一纸盒奶、奶油、酸奶等 * a carton of 200 cigarettes, ie with 10 packets of 20  一条香烟（共10包, 每包20支）. =>illus at box 见box之插图./kɑːˈtuːn; kɑr`tun/ n  1 (a) amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, esp one that comments satirically on current events （报刊上的）漫画; （尤指）时事讽刺画. =>illus 见插图. (b) sequence of these telling a story （报刊上的）连环漫画, 连环讽刺画.  2 (also animated cartoon) film made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings, giving an illusion of movement 动画片; 卡通片: a Walt Disney cartoon 迪斯尼动画片.  3 drawing made by an artist as a preliminary sketch for a painting, tapestry, fresco, etc 草图; 底图.n person who draws cartoons (cartoon 1a) 漫画家./ˈkɑːtrɪdʒ; `kɑrtrɪdʒ/ n  1 (US shell) tube or case containing explosive (for blasting), or explosive with a bullet or shot (for firing from a gun) 子弹; 弹药筒; 弹壳. =>illus at gun 见gun之插图. Cf 参看 shell 3, shot1 4.  2 detachable end of a pick-up on a record player, holding the stylus （唱机的）唱头; （拾音器的）心座.  3 sealed case containing recording tape, photographic film or ink, that is put into a tape-deck, camera or pen 录音带盒; 胶卷盒; 钢笔囊.thick strong paper for drawing on 图画纸.n belt with loops for holding cartridges (cartridge 1) 子弹带.n = clip1 2./kɑːv; kɑrv/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (in sth); ~ sth (out of/from/of/in sth) form (sth) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻; 雕刻成（某物）: Michelangelo carved in marble. 米开朗琪罗在大理石上雕刻. * The statue was carved (out of stone). 这座像是（用石头）雕刻的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) cut or chip (solid material) in order to form sth 切, 削, 凿或刻（成某物）: carve wood 削木头.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] inscribe (sth) by cutting on a surface 刻记（某事物）: carve one's initials on a tree trunk 在树干上刻自己名字的缩写字母.  3 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cut (cooked meat) into slices for eating 把（熟肉）切成片供食用: Would you like to carve? 你喜欢切片吃吗? * carve a joint, turkey, leg of mutton, etc 切肉、火鸡、羊腿等 * Please carve me another slice. 请再给我切一片.  4 (phr v) carve sth out (for oneself) build (one's career, reputation, etc) by hard work 靠勤奋创（业）或树（名声）等: She carved out a name for herself as a reporter. 她靠苦干而成了有名的记者. carve sth up (infml 口) divide sth into parts or slices 将某物分割成份或片; 瓜分: The territory was carved up by the occupying powers. 领土被侵占者瓜分.n  1 person who carves 雕刻者; 切肉的人.  2 = carving knife.n carved object or design 雕刻品; 雕刻术.knife used for carving meat 切肉刀. =>illus at knife 见knife之插图./ˌkærɪˈætɪd; ˌkærɪ`ætɪd/ n (architecture 建) statue of a female figure used as a supporting pillar in a building 女像柱./kæˈskeɪd; kæs`ked/ n  1 waterfall, esp one of a series forming a large waterfall 瀑布（尤指大瀑布的分支）.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that falls or hangs in a way that suggests a waterfall 瀑布状下垂的东西: a cascade of blonde hair 金发垂髫.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] fall in or like a cascade 如瀑布落下; 如瀑布状下垂: Water cascaded down the mountainside. 水如瀑布般自山边下泻. * Her golden hair cascaded down her back. 她的金发像瀑布似的披在背後./kæˈskɑːrə; kæs`kærə/ n [U] type of laxative made from the bark of a N American tree 药鼠李皮（北美一种树皮制成的轻泻剂）./keɪs; kes/ n  1 [C] instance or example of the occurrence of sth 事例; 实例; 情形: The company only dismisses its employees in cases of gross misconduct. 公司仅在雇员严重失职的情形下才予以解雇. * It's a clear case of blackmail! 这显然是敲诈!  2 the case [sing] actual state of affairs; situation 实情; 情况: Is it the case (ie Is it true) that the company's sales have dropped? 公司销售额下降一事属实吗? * If that is the case (ie If the situation is as stated), you will have to work much harder. 果真如此（情况一如所述）, 你就得更加努力了.  3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] circumstances or special conditions relating to a person or thing 与某人或某事物有关的环境或特殊情况: In your case, we are prepared to be lenient. 根据你的情况, 我们拟予从宽处理. * I cannot make an exception in your case, ie for you and not for others. 我不能为你破例.  4 [C] instance of a disease or an injury; person suffering from this 病例; 病症; 患者: a case of typhoid 伤寒患者 * Cases of smallpox are becoming rare. 天花病例日益罕见.  5 [C] person having medical, psychiatric, etc treatment 接受内科、精神科等治疗的病人: This boy is a sad case. His parents are divorced and he himself is severely handicapped. 这个男孩儿是个可怜的病儿, 父母离婚, 本人又严重残废.  6 [C] matter that is being officially investigated, esp by the police 被官方（尤指警方）调查的事情; 案件: a murder case/a case of murder 谋杀案.  7 [C] (a) question to be decided in a court of law; lawsuit 诉讼案: The case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件下星期审理. * When does your case come before the court? 你的案子什么时候开庭审讯? (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) set of facts or arguments supporting one side in a lawsuit, debate, etc 诉讼、辩论等的一方的辩护事实、理由、论点或论据: the case for the defence/prosecution 有利于辩方[控方]的案情陈述 * the case for/against the abolition of the death penalty 拥护[反对]废除死刑的理由 * You have a very strong case. 你的论据很有力.  8 [U, C] (grammar) (change in the) form of a noun, or pronoun, etc (esp in inflected languages) that shows its relationship to another word 格（尤指屈折语中, 表示名词或代词等与另一词的关系的形式及其变化）: the nominative case 主格 * the accusative case 宾格 * Latin nouns have case, number and gender. 拉丁语名词有格、数和性. Cf 参看 declension.  9 [sing] (infml 口) eccentric person 怪人: He really is a case! 他真是个怪人!  10 (idm 习语) a case in `point example that is relevant to the matter being discussed 与所谈论的事有关的事例; 例证. as the ,case may `be (used when describing two or more possible alternatives) as will be determined by the circumstances （用于两种或多种可能性）看情形, 根据具体情况: There may be an announcement about this tomorrow  or not, as the case may be. 这件事明天可能宣布--也可能不宣布, 看情形吧. in `any case whatever happens or may have happened 无论如何; 总之. (just) in case (...) because of the possibility of sth happening 因为可能发生某事; 以防万一; 万一: It may rain  you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨--你最好带把伞, 以防万一（下起来）. in case of sth if sth happens 若发生某事; 假如: In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 遇火警时立即按警铃. in `no case in no circumstances 在任何情形下决不; 无论如何都不. in `that case if that happens or has happened; if that is the state of affairs 既然那样; 假若是那样的话: You don't like your job? In that case why don't you leave? 你不喜欢这份工作? 那你怎么不辞掉呢? make out a case (for sth) give arguments in favour of sth 提出对某事有利的论据: The report makes out a strong case for increased spending on hospitals. 这份报告提出了对增加 医疗开支的有力论据. meet the case => meet1. prove one's/the case/point => prove.

/keɪs; kes/ n  1 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) any of various types of container or protective covering （各种类型的）容器、套、罩或包装: a jewel case * a pencil case * a packing-case, ie a large wooden box for packing goods in * Exhibits in museums are often displayed in glass cases. 博物馆中的展品常摆放在玻璃橱里. (b) this with its contents; amount that it contains （各种类型的）容器及其内容或容量: a case (ie 12 bottles) of champagne 一箱香槟酒（12瓶）. =>illus at box 见box之插图.  2 suitcase 手提箱: Could you carry my case for me? 你给我提着手提箱可以吗?

v  1 [Tn] enclose (sth) in a case; encase 把（某物）装于容器中; 使装箱; 使装盒.  2 (idm 习语) case the joint (sl 俚) inspect a place carefully (esp before robbing it) 仔细探察一处所（尤指于抢劫前）. casing n [U, C] protective covering 包装; 套; 罩: wrapped in rubber casing 包在橡胶套中.(linguistics 语言) type of transformationalgrammar in which the case relationships are used to describe the deep structure of sentences 格的语法（转换语法的一种类型, 以格的关系来描述句子的深层结构）.record of a person's background, medical history, etc for use in professional treatment (eg by a doctor) 个案记录; 病历.n written record kept by doctors, lawyers, etc of cases they have dealt with （医生、律师等保存的自己曾处理过的）病历、案例等记录.adj made callous by experience 由于经历多而变得硬心肠或无感情的; 老于世故而冷酷无情的.n [U] law based on decisions made by judges in earlier cases 判例法（以过去的判例为根据的法律）. Cf 参看 common law (common1), statute law (statute).n all those people for whom a doctor, social worker, etc is responsible （医生、社会工作者等所负责的）总人数, 工作量.n study of the development of a person or group of people over a period of time 个案研究（对一个人或一些人在一段时间的情况发展的研究）./ˈkeɪsiːn; `kesɪɪn/ n [U] protein that is found in milk and that forms the basis of cheese 酪蛋白; 酪素./ˈkeɪsmənt; `kesmənt/ n (also casement window) window that opens on hinges like a door 门式窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.n [U] social work involving the study of individuals or families with problems （对有问题的个人或家庭所做的）社会工作. n./kæʃ; kæʃ/ n  1 [U] (a) money in coins or notes 钱（硬币或纸币）; 现款; 现金: pay (in) cash 付现金 * I have no cash on me  may I pay by cheque? 我没带现款--可以付支票吗? * I never carry much cash with me. 我从不多带现款. (b) (infml 口) money in any form; wealth （任何形式的）金钱; 财富: I'm short of cash at the moment. 我现在缺钱.  2 (idm 习语) cash `down with immediate payment of cash 即付现款; 现款交易. cash on de`livery system of paying for goods when they are delivered 货到付款.

v  1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) exchange sth for cash 将某物兑换成现金: cash a cheque (for sb) （给某人）把支票兑现.  2 (phr v) cash in (on sth) take advantage of or profit from sth 从某事物中获得利益或利润: The shops are cashing in on temporary shortages by raising prices. 商店趁一时缺货而提高价格从中获利. cashable adj that can be cashed 可兑现的; 可兑换现金的.1 system in which the buyer pays for goods in cash and takes them away himself 现款自运（顾客付现款自行将所购物品运走的制度）.  2 shop operating this system 现款自运商店（实行上述制度的商店）: buy food in bulk at the local cash and carry 在本地现款自运商店购买大批食物.crop grown for selling, rather than for use by the grower 商品作物（为出售而非自用的农作物）. Cf 参看 subsistence crop (subsist).desk or counter where payment is made in a shop 付款柜台; 付款处.machine (in or outside a bank) from which cash can be obtained when a personal coded card is inserted and a special code-number keyed 自动提款机.movement of money into and out of a business as goods are bought and sold 现金周转: [attrib 作定语] a healthy cash flow situation, eg having enough money to make payments when required to do so 健康的现金周转状况.machine used in shops, etc that has a drawer for keeping money in, and displays and records the amount of each purchase 现金收入记录机.card issued by a bank to its customers for use in a cash dispenser 自动提款卡./ˈkæʃuː; `kæʃu/ n   1 tropical American tree （美洲热带的）[左木右贾]如树, 腰果树.  2 (also `cashew nut) its small edible kidney-shaped nut 腰果. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图./kæˈʃɪə(r); kæ`ʃɪr/ n person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank, shop, hotel, etc 出纳员.

/kæˈʃɪə(r); kæ`ʃɪr/ v [Tn] dismiss (an army officer) from service, esp with dishonour 革除（军官）职务./ˌkæʃˈmɪə(r); `kæʃmɪr/ n [U] fine soft wool, esp that made from the hair of a type of Asian goat 开士米; 山羊绒: [attrib 作定语] a ,cashmere `sweater 开士米毛衣.n = cash dispenser (dispense)./kəˈsiːnəʊ; kə`sino/ n (pl ~s) public building or room for gambling and other amusements 赌场; 娱乐场./kɑːsk; <i>US</i> kæsk; kæsk/ n (a) barrel, esp for alcoholic drinks （尤指盛酒精饮料的）桶. (b) amount that it contains 一桶的量./ˈkɑːskɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkæskɪt; `kæskɪt/ n  1 small (usu decorated) box for holding letters, jewels or other valuable things （收藏信件、珠宝或其他贵重物品的, 常为有装饰的）小箱.  2 (US) coffin 棺材./kəˈsɑːvə; kə`sɑvə/ n   1 [C] tropical plant with starchy roots 木薯.  2 [U] starch or flour obtained from these roots, used to make tapioca 木薯粉./ˈkæsərəʊl; `kæsəˌrol/ n (a) [C] covered heat-proof dish in which meat, etc is cooked and then served at table 焙盘（烹饪肉食等的带盖浅锅, 也可上桌）; 沙锅. =>illus at pan 见 pan 之插图. (b) [C, U] food cooked in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪的食物; 焙盘炖菜: a/some chicken casserole 一份[一些]沙锅鸡.

v [Tn] cook (meat, etc) in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪（肉食等）./kəˈset; kə`sɛt/ n small sealed case containing a reel of film or magnetic tape （盛胶卷或磁带等的）封闭小盒: [attrib 作定语] a cassette recorder, ie a tape-recorderwith which cassettes are used 盒式录音机./ˈkæsək; `kæsək/ n long (usu black or red) garment worn by certain clergymen and members of a church choir 法衣（某些教士和教会唱诗班成员所穿的长袍, 通常为黑色或红色）./kɑːst; <i>US</i> kæst; kæst/ v (pt, pp cast)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth), esp deliberately or with force 扔; 投; 掷; 抛: cast a stone 扔石头 * The angler cast his line (into the water). 钓鱼的人把鱼线抛入水中.  2 [Tn] allow (sth) to fall or drop; shed 脱落; 掉: Snakes cast their skins. 蛇能蜕皮. * The horse cast a shoe, ie One of its shoes came off. 这匹马的一只蹄铁脱落了.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] turn or send (sth) in a particular direction; direct 向某一方向转或送（某物）: He cast a furtive glance at her. 他偷偷瞥了她一眼. * The tree cast (ie caused there to be) a long shadow (on the grass). 树（在草地上）投下长长的影子. * (fig 比喻) The tragedy cast a shadow on/over their lives, ie made them gloomy and depressed. 这一悲剧在他们的生命中投下了一片阴影（使他们愁闷、沮丧）. * (fig 比喻) His muddled evidence casts doubt on his reliability as a witness. 他的证词糊里糊涂, 使人对他作为见证人的可靠性产生了怀疑.  4 (a) [Tn] shape (molten metal, etc) by pouring it into a mould 浇铸（熔化的金属等）: cast bronze 浇铸青铜. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) make (an object) in this way 铸造（某物）: a statue cast in bronze 青铜铸成的像 * (fig 比喻) The novel is cast in the form of a diary. 这部小说是以日记的形式写的.  5 (a) [I, Tn] choose actors to play parts in (a play, film, etc) 挑选演员扮演（影剧等中的）角色: We're casting (the play) next week. 我们下星期挑选（话剧）演员. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sb); ~ sb (in sth) give sb a part in a play, etc 选派某人扮演戏剧等中的角色: He was cast as Othello/cast in the role of Othello. 选派他扮演奥赛罗的角色.  6 (idm 习语) cast `anchor lower an anchor 抛锚. cast aspersions (on sb/sth) make damaging or derogatory remarks (about sb/sth) 中伤或诽谤（某人[某事物]）: How dare you cast aspersions on my wife's character! 你竟敢诽谤我妻子的人格! cast one's bread upon the waters (fml or rhet 文或修辞) do good deeds without expecting anything in return 做好事不图回报. cast an eye/one's eye(s) over sb/sth look or examine sb/sth quickly 很快地看或查某人[某事物]: Would you cast your eye over these calculations to check that they are correct? 你看一下这些计算数字, 检查是否正确, 好吗? cast/shed/throw light on sth => light1. cast/draw lots => lot3. cast one's mind back (to sth) think about the past 回顾; 回想: She cast her mind back to her wedding-day. 她回顾结婚的那一天. cast one's net wide cover a wide field of supply, activity, inquiry, etc 撒开大网（广泛地供应、活动、查询等）: The company is casting its net wide in its search for a new sales director. 公司撒开大网到处物色新的销售主任. cast pearls before swine (saying 谚) offer beautiful or valuable things to people who cannot appreciate them 明珠暗投. cast a spell on sb/sth put sb/sth under the influence of a magic spell 用符咒迷惑某人[某事物]. cast a/one's `vote give a vote 投票. the die is cast => die3.  7 (phr v) cast about/around for sth try to find or think of sth hurriedly 匆忙寻找或考虑某事物: He cast about desperately for something tosay. 他搜索枯肠找话说. cast sb/sth aside abandon sb/sth as useless or unwanted; discard sb/sth 抛弃; 排除; 消除; 废除: She has cast her old friends aside. 她把老朋友都撇在一边. * He cast aside all his inhibitions. 他抛弃了一切禁忌. cast sb away (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) leave sb somewhere as a result of a shipwreck 某人因沉船而流落某处: be cast away on a desert island （因沉船）被撇在荒岛上. cast sb down (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) cause sb to become depressed 使某人沮丧: He is not easily cast down. 很少见他情绪低落. Cf 参看 downcast. cast (sth) off (a) untie the ropes holding a boat in position; release (a boat) in this way 解缆; 解缆放（船）. (b) (in knitting) remove (stitches) from the needles （指编织毛线等）收（针）. cast sb/sth off abandon or reject sb/sth 抛弃或驳回某人[某事物]: She's cast off three boy-friends in a month. 她一个月里就甩了三个男朋友. cast (sth) on (in knitting) put (the first line of stiches) on a needle （指编织毛线等）起（针）. cast sb out (fml 文) (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) drive sb away; expel 把某人赶走; 逐出. Cf 参看 outcast.

/kɑːst; <i>US</i> kæst; kæst/ n  1 [C] act of throwing sth 扔; 投; 掷; 抛: the cast of the dice 掷色子 * make a cast with a fishing-line/net 抛鱼线[撒鱼网].  2 [C] (a) object made by pouring or pressing soft material into a mould 铸件; 塑件. (b) mould used to make such an object 模子; 模型. (c) = plaster cast (plaster).  3 [CGp] all the actors in a play, etc 戏剧等的全体演员: a film with a distinguished cast, ie with famous actors in it 名演员联合演出的电影 * a cast of thousands, eg for an epic film 成千上万的演出人员（如史诗影片的） * [attrib 作定语] a `cast list 演出人员表.  4 [sing] type or kind (of sth) （某事物的）类型: He has an unusual cast of mind. 他的头脑不寻常.  5 [C] = worm-cast (worm).  6 [C] (dated 旧) slight squint 轻度斜视眼: She has a cast in one eye. 她一只眼轻度斜视.hard alloy of iron made by casting in a mould 铸铁; 生铁. Cf 参看 wrought iron (wrought). ,cast-`iron adj  1 made of cast iron 铸铁制的; 生铁造的.  2 (fig 比喻) very strong; that cannot be broken 强壮的; 打不破的: He has a ,cast-iron consti`tution. 他的身体是铁打的. * They won't find her guilty. She's got a,cast-iron de`fence. 他们无法给她定罪. 她的答辩无懈可击.adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of clothes) no longer wanted; discarded （尤指衣物）不再要的, 被丢弃的: cast-off shoes 被丢弃的鞋 * a cast-off lover 被抛弃的情人.  n (usu pl 通常作复数) garment which the original owner will not wear again 原主人不再穿的衣物: He wears his brother's cast-offs. 他穿着他哥哥的旧衣服./ˌkæstəˈnets; ˌkæstə`nɛts/ n [pl] pair of shell-shaped pieces of wood or ivory clicked together with the fingers, esp as a rhythmic accompaniment to a Spanish dance 响板（木头或象牙制成的一对贝壳形板, 用手指拍合作响, 尤作西班牙舞蹈的伴奏器）.n person who has been shipwrecked and left in an isolated place 沉船遇难流落在与外界隔绝之地的人./kɑːst; kæst/ n  1 [C] any of the hereditary Hindu social classes 印度的社会等级: the lowest caste 最低阶层 * [attrib 作定语] the caste system （印度的）社会等级制度.  2 [C] any exclusive social class 任何排他的社会阶层.  3 [U] social system based on rigid distinctions of birth, rank, wealth, etc 种姓（按照血统、阶级、财富等严格区分的社会制度）.  4 (idm 习语) lose caste => lose./ˈkæstəleɪtɪd; `kæstəˌletɪd/ adj having turrets or battlements like a castle （似城堡的）有角楼或城垛的; 有雉堞的./ˈkæstɪgeɪt; `kæstəˌˇet/ n [Tn] (fml 文) scold, criticize or punish (sb) severely 严厉责骂、批评或惩罚（某人）. /ˌkstɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌkæstə`ˇeʃən/ n [C, U]n  1 [C] object made by casting (cast1 4a) molten metal, etc 铸件.  2 [U] process of choosing actors for a play, film, etc 挑选演员（演话剧、电影等）: a strange bit of casting 演员选得有些怪.vote given (eg by a chairman) to decide an issue when votes on each side are equal 决定票（当各方票数相等时, 由主席所作的决定性投票）./ˈkɑːsl; <i>US</i> ˈkæsl; `kæsl/  1 large fortified building or group of buildings with thick walls, towers, battlements and sometimes a moat 城堡; 堡垒: a medieval castle 中世纪的城堡 * Windsor Castle 温莎宫. =>illus 见插图.  2 (also rook) (in chess) any of the four pieces placed in the corner squares of the board at the start of a game （国际象棋的）车. =>illus at chess 见chess之插图.  3 (idm 习语) (build) castles in the `air/in `Spain (have) plans or hopes that are unlikely to be realized; day-dreams 空中楼阁; 白日梦. an English-man's home is his castle => Englishman (English).

v [I] (as a single move in chess) move either castle to the square next to the king and the king to the square on the other side of that castle （国际象棋中的一步）用车护王./ˈkɑːstə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkæs-; `kæstɚ/ n  1 any of the small swivelling wheels fixed to the bottom of a piece of furniture so that it can be moved easily （家具的）小脚轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 small container with holes in the top for sprinkling sugar, etc 调味瓶（顶端有小孔, 用以撒糖等）./ˌkɑːstər ˈɔɪl; <i>US</i> ˈkæstər ɔɪl; `kæstɚ ˌɔɪl/ thick yellowish oil obtained from the seeds of a tropical plant and used as a laxative and a lubricant 蓖麻油.white sugar in fine grains 细白砂糖./kæsˈtreɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkæstreɪt; `kæstret/ v [Tn] remove the testicles of (a male animal or person); geld 割除（雄性动物或男子的）睾丸; 阉割; 去势: A bullock is a castrated bull. 阉牛是去势的公牛. /kˈæstreɪʃn; kæs`treʃən/ n [U]./ˈkæʒʊəl; `kæʒᴜəl/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] happening by chance 偶然的; 碰巧的: a casual encounter, meeting, visit, etc 邂逅、不期而遇、不意的拜访.  2 (a) [esp attrib 尤作定语] made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不经意的; 随便的; 马虎的; 临时的: a casual remark 漫不经心的话. (b) (derog 贬) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不关心的; 无动于衷的; 不负责任的: His attitude to his job is rather casual. 他的工作态度不太认真. (c) [esp attrib 尤作定语] not methodical or thorough; not serious 无条理的; 不彻底的; 不认真的: a casual inspection 草率的检查 * a casual glance at a book 胡乱看一本书 * a casual observer, reader, etc 马虎的观察者、读者等.  3 (of clothes) for informal occasions; not formal （衣物）便服的, 非正式的: casual wear 便装.  4 [attrib 作定语] not permanent; irregular; part-time 非永久的; 不定期的; 部分时间的: earn one's living by casual labour 靠做短工为生 * a casual labourer 临时工 * casual sex, ie not involving a lasting relationship 萍水相逢的性行为（非持久的关系）.  5 [attrib 作定语] slight; superficial 轻微的; 表面的; 肤浅的: a casual acquaintance泛泛之交./ˈkæʒʊəlɪ; `kæʒᴜəlɪ/ adv: meet sb casually 巧遇某人 * casually dressed 穿得随便的 * casually employed 短期雇用的.n [U].n [pl] informal clothes, esp men's slip-on shoes 便装（尤指男用无带、扣的鞋）./ˈkæʒʊəltɪ; `kæʒᴜəltɪ/ n  1 person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident （战争或事故中的）伤亡者: Heavy casualties were reported (ie It was reported that many people had been killed) in the fighting. 据报战斗中伤亡惨重（很多人被杀）. * (fig 比喻) Mr Jones was the first casualty of the firm's cut-backs, ie the first to lose his job because of them. 琼斯先生在公司裁员中首当其冲（第一个被裁掉）. * [attrib 作定语] a casualty list 伤亡名单.  2 thing that is lost, damaged or destroyed in an accident 事故中损失的物品: The cottage was a casualty of the forest fire. 那小屋被森林大火烧毁.  3 (also `casualty ward, `casualty department, US emergency) part of a hospital where people who have been hurt in accidents are taken for urgent treatment 急诊室.n (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) person who is skilled in casuistry 诡辩家./ˌkæzjʊˈɪstɪk; ˌkæʒᴜ`ɪstɪk/ (also casuistical) / -tIkl; -tIkl/ adj. /-tɪklɪ; -tɪklɪ/ adv./ˈkæzjʊɪstrɪ; `kæʒᴜɪstrɪ/ n [U] (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) resolving of moral problems, esp by the use of clever but false reasoning; sophistry 诡辩; 曲解; 诡辩术./ˌkɑːsʊs ˈbeliː, ˌkeɪsəs ˈbelaɪ; `kesəs `bɛlaɪ/ (Latin 拉) act or event which starts a war or is thought to justify starting a war 开战的理由、原因、藉口、行动或事件.

/ˌkɑːsʊs ˈbeliː, ˌkeɪsəs ˈbelaɪ; `kesəs `bɛlaɪ/ (Latin 拉) act or event which starts a war or is thought to justify starting a war 开战的理由、原因、藉口、行动或事件./ˌsiː eɪ ˈtiː; ˌsi e `ti or, in informal use 俗读作 kt; kæt/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) College of Advanced Technology工学院./kæt; kæt/ n  1 [C] small furry domesticated animal often kept as a pet or for catching mice 猫: We've got three cats and a dog. 我们有三只猫和一只狗. * [attrib 作定语] `cat food 猫食. =>illus at mouse 见mouse之插图.  2 [C] wild animal related to this 猫科动物: big `cats, ie lions, tigers, leopards, etc 大的猫科动物（狮、虎、豹等） * [attrib 作定语] the cat family 猫科. =>illus 见插图.  3 [C] (derog 贬) malicious woman 狠毒的女人.  4 the cat [sing] = cat-o'-nine-tails.  5 (idm 习语) be the cat's `whiskers/`pyjamas (infml 口) be the best thing, person, idea, etc 了不起的东西、人、主意等: He thinks he's the cat's whiskers, ie has a high opinion of himself. 他自命不凡. a cat-and-dog life a life in which partners are frequently or constantly quarrelling （在一起居住者）经常吵架的生活. a cat in hell's chance (of doing sth) (infml 口) no chance at all 一点儿机会也没有. curiosity killed the cat => curiosity. let the

/kæt; kæt/ n (US infml 口) = caterpillar tractor (caterpillar).(Brit) burglar who enters houses by climbing up walls, drain-pipes, etc （沿墙壁或水管潜入屋内的）小偷, 飞贼.reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake （无意中）泄露秘密; 露马脚: I wanted mother's present to be a secret, but my sister let the cat out of the bag. 给母亲的礼物我原想保密, 可是妹妹却露了马脚. like a ,cat on hot `bricks (infml 口) very nervous 非常紧张; 像热锅上的蚂蚁; 如坐针毡: He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test. 他面临驾驶考试, 紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁. no room to swing a cat => room. play cat and mouse/play a cat-and-mouse game with sb (infml 口) keep sb in a state of uncertain expectation, treating him alternately cruelly and kindly 对某人时好时坏、忽冷忽热. put/set the `cat among the pigeons (infml 口) introduce sb/sth that is likely to cause trouble or disturbance 引来可能招惹是非或麻烦的人或事物: The new vicar's a Marxist  that'll set the cat among the pigeons! 新来的牧师是马克思主义者--这下子可要鸡犬不宁了. rain cats and `dogs => rain2. wait for the cat to jump/to see which way the cat jumps => wait1.n game in which string is looped round and between the fingers to form patterns 编花篮, 翻绳儿（将细绳绕于手指上做成各种花样的游戏）.n (propr 专利名) any one of a line of reflecting studs marking the centre or edge of a road as a guide to traffic when it is dark 猫眼（安置在道路中央或边缘的小反光镜, 组成一线, 于黑暗中指示交通用的）.n [sing] whip with nine knotted lashes, formerly used for flogging prisoners 九尾鞭（由九条带纥结的鞭条做的鞭子, 旧时用以抽打囚犯）./ˈkætəklɪzəm; `kætəˌklɪzəm/ n sudden violent change or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war 突发的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水、地震、革命或战争）. /ˌktəˈklɪzmɪk;ˌkætə`klɪzmɪk/ adj: the cataclysmic events of 1939-45 1939-1945年间的战乱./ˈkætəkuːmz; <i>US</i> -kəʊmz; `kætəˌkomz/ n [pl] series of underground tunnels with openings along the sides for burying the dead (as in ancient Rome) 地下墓穴（如古罗马的）./ˈkætəfælk; `kætəˌfælk/ n decorated platform on which the coffin of a distinguished person lies before or during a funeral 灵柩台./ˈkætəlepsɪ; `kætəˌlɛpsɪ/ n [U] disease which causes a person to become temporarily unconscious and his body rigid 强直性昏厥; 僵住症./ˌkætəˈleptɪk; ˌkætə`lɛptɪk/ adj of or suffering from catalepsy 强直性昏厥的; 患僵住症的. n person suffering from catalepsy 僵住症患者.v [Tn] list (sth) in a catalogue 将（某事物）编成目录, 列入目录./ˈkætəlɒg; <i>US</i> -lɔːg;`kætlˌɔˇ/ n  1 (book or booklet containing a) complete list of items, usu in a special order and with a description of each 目录; 目录册: a library catalogue 图书目录 * an exhibition catalogue 展览目录.  2 (fig 比喻) series 系列: a catalogue of disasters 一连串的灾难./kəˈtæləsɪs; kə`tæləsɪs/ n [U] process of speeding up a chemical reaction with a catalyst 催化作用; 触媒作用./ˈkætəlɪst; `kætlɪst/ n  1 substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself changing 催化剂; 触媒剂.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that causes a change 促使变化的人或事物: The offer of a new job provided just the catalyst she needed. 这份新工作正是她所需要转变的契机./ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk; ˌkætl`ɪtɪk/ adj of or causing catalysis 催化作用的; 起催化作用的./ˌkætəməˈræn; ˌkætəmə`ræn/ n  1 sailing-boat with two parallel hulls 双体船. =>illus 见插图.  2 raft made of two boats or logs fastened side by side （两只船或木排组成的）筏子./ˈkætəpʌlt; `kætəˌpʌlt/ n  1 (US slingshot) Y-shaped stick with a piece of elastic attached to it, used esp by children for shooting stones 弹弓（尤指儿童玩的）. =>illus 见插图.  2 (in ancient times) machine for throwing heavy stones in war （古时）石弩.  3 apparatus for launching gliders or for launching aircraft from the deck of a ship （使滑翔机或飞行器从轮船甲板上升空的）弹射器.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] shoot or launch (sth) from a catapult 用弹弓、石弩或弹射器射出或弹射（某物）.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) be thrown suddenly and with force （使某物）被猛力掷出: In the crash the driver (was) catapulted through the windscreen. 在事故中司机从挡风玻璃中（被）弹了出来./ˈkætərækt; `kætəˌrækt/ n  1 large steep waterfall （大而陡的）瀑布.  2 (medical 医) (a) disease in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing partial or total blindness 白内障. (b) area clouded in this way 白内障的晶状体: an operation to remove cataracts 白内障（晶状体）摘除手术./kəˈtɑː(r); kə`tɑr/ n [U] (a) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, causing an increased flow of mucus 卡他; （鼻喉）黏膜炎. (b) mucus forming in this way （鼻喉）黏液: I've a bad cold and I'm full of catarrh. 我得了重感冒, 总流鼻涕./kəˈtæstrəfɪ; kə`tæstrəfɪ/ n sudden great disaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸: The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe. 这次地震是可怕的灾难. > catastrophic/ 9kAtE5strCfIk; 9kAtE`strBfIk/ adj: a catastrophic failure 灾难性的失败. adv./ˈkætkɔːl; `kætˌkɔl/ n shrill whistle expressing disapproval （表示反对的）嘘声: The Minister's speech was greeted with jeers and catcalls. 这位大臣的讲话遭到嘲笑, 嘘声四起.

v [I] make catcalls 发出嘘声./kætʃ; kætʃ/ v (pt, pp caught/ kR:t; kRt/)  1 (a) [Tn] stop and hold (a moving object) esp in the hands 接住（运动的物体）（尤指用手）: I threw a ball to her and she caught it. 我把球扔给她, 她接住了. * Our dog likes catching biscuits in its mouth. 我们的狗喜欢用嘴接饼乾. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball he has hit before it touches the ground （板球）在球触地之前接住球而迫使（击球员）出场; 接杀出局.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] capture (sb/sth) after a chase, in a trap, etc; seize and hold 捉住; 抓住; 逮住; 捕获: catch a thief 捉贼 * Cats catch mice. 猫捉老鼠. * How many fish did you catch? 你捕到多少鱼? * I caught him (ie met him and stopped him) just as he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候, 我把他截住了. * catch sb by the arm, throat, scruff of the neck, etc 抓住某人的胳臂、掐住某人的脖子等.  3 [Ipr, Cn.g] find or discover (sb doing sth); take by surprise 发现或发觉（某人正做某事）; 突然抓住: I caught her with her fingers in the biscuit tin. 我看见她手指还在饼乾盒里呢. * I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden. 我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果. * You won't catch me working (ie I would never work) on a Sunday! 你决见不到我在星期日工作!  4 [Tn] be in time for (and get on) (sth) 及时赶到; 赶上: catch a bus, plane, train, etc 赶上公共汽车、飞机、火车等 * catch the post, ie post letters before the box is emptied by the postman 赶上邮局的一班收信时刻（在邮递员将信箱里的信取走之前寄出）.  5 [Tn] (US infml 口) see or hear (sth); attend 看或听（某事物）; 参加: Let's eat now and maybe we could catch a movie later. 咱们现在就吃, 说不定吃完能赶场电影.  6 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in/on sth) (cause sth to) become fixed, stuck or entangled in or on sth （使某物）固着、卡住、钩住、缠住、绊住、夹住或挂住某物: The lock won't catch, ie cannot be fastened. 这锁锁不上了. * Her dress caught on a nail. 她的衣服让钉子给钩住了. * He caught his thumb in the door. 他的拇指让门夹了. * He caught his foot on a tree root and stumbled. 他一只脚被树根绊住而跌倒了.  7 [Tn] become infected with (an illness) 感染上, 传染上（疾病）: catch (a) cold 患感冒 * catch 'flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc 染上流感、肺炎、支气管炎等.  8 [Tn] hear (sth); understand 听见（某事物）; 理解; 了解: Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said. 对不起, 我没听清你的话. * I don't catch your meaning. 我不明白你的意思.  9 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] hit (sth) 击中（某物）: The stone caught him on the side of the head. 那块石头击中他头部的侧面. * She caught him a blow on the chin. 她打了他下巴一拳.  10 [I] begin to burn 烧着; 着火: These logs are wet: they won't catch. 这些木头很湿, 点不着.  11 [Tn] reproduce (sth) accurately 精确地再现（某事物）: The artist has caught her smile perfectly. 艺术家巧妙地捕捉住她的笑容.  12 (idm 习语) be caught/taken short => short2. catch sb `at it = catch sb red-handed. catch sb's at`tention/`eye attract sb's attention 吸引某人的注意: Try to catch the waiter's eye. 招呼服务员. * A newspaper headline caught his attention. 报纸的大标题引起他的注意. catch one's `breath stop breathing for a moment (because of fear, shock, etc)（因恐惧、震惊等）一时停止呼吸, 屏息: He caught his breath in surprise. 他惊奇得屏住了呼吸. catch one's death (of cold) (infml 口) catch a severe cold 患重感冒: Don't go out without a coat: you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去, 会得重感冒的. catch/take sb's fancy => fancy1. catch `fire begin to burn, esp accidentally 烧着, 着火（尤指意外地）: She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire. 她站得离壁炉太近了, 衣服烧着了. catch it (infml 口) be punished or scolded 受罚; 挨骂: If your father finds you here you'll really catch it! 要是你父亲知道你在这里, 你非挨骂不可! catch sb `napping find sb not paying attention 发现某人精神不集中: Don't let the boss catch you napping! 别让老板发现你走神儿! catch sb on the wrong `foot catch sb when he is not ready or expecting sth 乘某人不备, 出其不意. catch sb red-`handed discover sb in the act of doing sth wrong or committing a crime 当场发现某人正做坏事或犯罪. catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth see sb/sth for a moment 一眼瞥见某人[某事物]: She caught sight of a car in the distance. 她一眼瞥见远处的汽车. * He caught a glimpse of her before she vanished into the crowd. 他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了. catch the `sun become sun-burned 晒焦; 晒黑: Your back looks sore  you've really caught the sun today. 你後背红了--今天真晒坏了. catch/take sb unawares => unawares (unaware). catch sb with his pants/trousers down (infml 口) catch or trap sb when he is unprepared or not being watchful 乘某人措手不及; 乘其不备; 出其不意; 冷不防. the early bird catches the worm => early. set a sprat to catch a mackerel => sprat. set a thief to catch a thief => thief.  13 (phr v) catch at sth = clutch at sth (clutch). ,catch `on (to sth) (infml 口) understand (sth) 理解, 了解, 懂（某事物）: He is very quick/slow to catch `on. 他理解得很快[很慢]. ,catch `on (with sb) (infml 口) become popular or fashionable 受欢迎; 变得流行: Mini-skirts first caught on in the 1960's. 超短裙是在六十年代开始流行的. ,catch sb `out show that sb is ignorant or doing sth wrong 显出某人无知或犯错误: Ask me anything you like  you won't catch me out. 你尽管问吧--决问不倒我. ,catch `up (with sb); ,catch sb `up reach (and sometimes overtake) sb who is ahead (eg in a race); reach the same stage as sb 赶上（有时超过）某人; 达到与某人相同的境界: Go on in front. I'll soon catch you up/catch up (with you). 你先走. 我很快就赶上你. * After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up (with the others). 他因病一学期未上课, 得努力赶上（其他同学）. ,catch `up on sth (a) spend extra time doing sth, in order to compensate for having neglected it 用额外时间做某事（以弥补所耽误的时间）: I've got a lot of work to catch `up on. 我有很多工作得赶着做. (b) acquire information about sth belatedly 事後了解对某事物的情况: Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each other's news. 来聊聊天, 彼此好通通最近的消息. be ,caught `up in sth be absorbed or involved in sth 被卷入或陷入某事物中: She was caught up in the anti-nuclear movement. 她投身于反核运动.

/kætʃ; kætʃ/ n  1 act of catching (esp a ball) 抓住（尤指球）: a difficult catch 难接的球.  2 (amount of) sth caught 所捕获的某事物（的量）: a huge catch of fish 捕获大量的鱼 * (infml 口) He's a good catch, ie worth getting as a husband. 他是个好对象（值得嫁给他）.  3 device for fastening sth 固着某物的装置: The catch on my handbag is broken. 我的手提包的扣坏了.  4 hidden difficulty or disadvantage 潜在的困难或不利因素: The house is very cheap. There must be a catch somewhere. 这所房子非常便宜. 这里面一定有蹊跷. * [attrib 作定语] a `catch question, ie one intended to trick sb 怪问题（使人上当的问题）.  5 type of humorous song for three or more singers, each starting at a different time 轮唱曲.  6 (idm 习语) catch-22/ 9ktF twentI5tu:; 9kAtF 9twZn-tI`tu/ (sl 俚) dilemma faced by sb who is bound to suffer, whichever course of action he takes 进退维谷: [attrib 作定语] a catch-22 situation 进退维谷的情况.crop grown between rows of other crops 间作.n (esp US)  1 thing for holding many small objects 装零星物品的东西.  2 word, phrase, etc that covers a range of possibilities without describing any of them precisely 笼统的词语.n (in baseball) fielder who stands behind the batter （棒球）接球手. =>illus at baseball 见baseball之插图.adj (of a disease) infectious （指疾病）传染性的./ˈkætʃmənt eərɪə; `kætʃmənt ˌɛrɪə/  1 (also catchment basin) area from which rainfall flows into a river, reservoir, etc 集水盆地（雨水由此处流入江河, 水库等）.  2 (also catchment) area from which people are sent to a particular school, hospital, etc 属区（人们由此处被送到某学校, 医院等）: a school with a large catchment area 有大范围招生区的学校.

/ˈkætʃmənt eərɪə; `kætʃmənt ˌɛrɪə/  1 (also catchment basin) area from which rainfall flows into a river, reservoir, etc 集水盆地（雨水由此处流入江河、水库等）.  2 (also catchment) area from which people are sent to a particular school, hospital, etc 属区（人们由此处被送到某学校、医院等）: a school with a large catchment area 有大范围招生区的学校./ˈkætʃpenɪ; `kætʃˌpɛnɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语] designed to make money 专为赚钱的: a catchpenny novel, title, device, trick 专为赚钱的小说、头衔、装置、花招./ˈkætʃfreɪz; `kætʃˌfrez/ n well-known phrase first used by, and later associated with, an entertainer, political leader, etc 名言; 警语./ˈkætʃwɜːd; `kætʃˌwɝd/ n  1 word or phrase placed where it will attract attention, eg above a paragraph in a newspaper article 醒目的字或词语（如报章段落中的小标题）.  2 first or last word of a page in a dictionary, printed above the columns （词典上的）眉题.adj (-ier, -iest) (of a tune) pleasant and easy to remember （指曲调）悦耳易记的.=> catechize/ˈkætəkɪzəm; `kætəˌkɪzəm/ n (a) [U] summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers 教义问答. (b) [C] series of such questions, used for religious instruction 教义问答集./ˈkætəkaɪz; `kætəˌkaɪz/ v [Tn] teach (sb) (esp about religion) by means of questions and answers 用问答教学法教（某人）（尤指宗教内容）./ˌkætəˈgɒrɪkl; <i>US</i> -gɔːr-; ˌkætə`ˇɔrɪkl/ adj (of a statement) unconditional; absolute; explicit（指陈述）无条件的, 绝对的, 明确的: a categorical denial, refusal, etc 断然的否认、拒绝等. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.=> categorize/ˈkætəgəraɪz; `kætəˇəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] place (sth) in a category 将（某事物）分类./ˈkætəgərɪ; <i>US</i> -gɔːrɪ; `kætəˌˇɔrɪ/ n class or group of things in a complete system of grouping 种类; 类别; 范畴: place things in categories 分门别类./ˈkeɪtə(r); `ketɚ/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth/sb) provide food and services, esp at social functions 提供饮食及服务（尤指社交方面）: cater for a party, banquet, etc 为聚会、宴会等备办食物 * Fifty is a lot of people to cater for! 承办五十人的饮食可够多的! (b) [Tn] (esp US) provide food and services for (a party, banquet, etc) 为（聚会、宴会等）提供饮食及服务.  2 [Ipr] (a) ~ for sb/sth provide what is needed or desired by sb/sth 由某人[某事物]提供、迎合: TV must cater for many different tastes. 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好. (b) ~ to sth try to satisfy a particular need or demand 满足某种需要或要求: newspapers catering to people's love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑闻消息的报纸.n  1 person whose job is providing food for large social events 承办酒席的人.  2 owner or manager of a hotel, restaurant, etc （旅馆、饭店等的）老板, 经理.n [U] (trade of) providing food, etc for social events 承办酒席（的行业）: Who did the catering for your son's wedding? 谁承办你儿子婚礼的酒席?/ˈkætəpɪlə(r); `kætɚˌpɪlɚ/ n  1 larva of a butterfly or moth 毛虫, 蛹（蝶或蛾的幼虫）. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图.  2 (a) (also Cater-pillar track) (propr 专利名) endless belt passing round the wheels of a tractor or tank, enabling it to travel over rough ground 履带. (b) (also Caterpillar tractor, abbr 缩写  cat) tractor fitted with such a belt 履带拖拉机./ˈkætəwɔːl; `kætɚˌwɔl/ v [I] make a cat's shrill howling cry 发出猫叫春的声音: Do stop caterwauling, children! 孩子们, 别像猫似的乱叫!

n [sing] shrill cry of or like a cat （像）猫叫春的声音./ˈkætfɪʃ; `kætˌfɪʃ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large (usu freshwater) fish with whisker-like feelers round its mouth 鲶鱼./ˈkætgʌt; `kætˌˇʌt/ n [U] thin strong cord made from the dried intestines of animals and used for the strings of violins, tennis rackets, etc （小提琴、网球拍等用的）肠线.abbr 缩写 = Catholic./kəˈθɑːsɪs; kə`θɑrsɪs/ n (pl -ses/ -si:z; -siz/)  1 [C, U] (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama （通过艺术作用, 尤指戏剧）强烈情感的发抒.  2 [U] (medical 医) emptying of the bowels 导泻; 通便./kəˈθɑːtɪk; kə`θɑrtɪk/ adj causing catharsis; purgative 导泻的; 通便的.  n (medical 医) purgative drug 泻药./kəˈθiːdrəl; kə`θidrəl/ n main church of a district under the care of a bishop 总教堂; 大教堂: [attrib 作定语] a cathedral city 有大教堂的城市./ˈkæθrɪn wiːl; ˌkæθrɪn `hwil/ n type of firework that spins when lit 转轮烟火./ˈkæθɪtə(r); `kæθətɚ/ n (medical 医) thin tube used to drain fluids from the body, esp one that is inserted into the bladder to extract urine 导管; （尤指）导尿管.=> catheterize[Tn] insert a catheter into (sb/sth) 将导管插入（某人[某物]）./ˈkæθəʊd; `kæθod/ n negative electrode, by which an electric current leaves a device such as a battery 阴极; 负极. Cf 参看 anode.beam of electrons from the cathode in a vacuum tube 阴极射线. ,cathode `ray tube vacuum tube, eg the picture tube of a TV set, in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen 阴极射线管./ˈkæθəlɪk; `kæθəlɪk/ adj  1 = Roman Catholic (Roman): the Catholic Church 天主教会 * a Catholic priest, school 天主教教士、学校. Cf 参看 Protestant.  2 (also catholic) of or relating to all Christians or the whole Christian Church 天主教的; 与天主教有关的.

n (abbr 缩写 Cath) member of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教徒: Is she a Catholic or a Protestant? 她是天主教徒还是新教徒?/ˈkæθəlɪk; `kæθəlɪk/ adj including many or most things; general; universal 包罗万象的; 广泛的; 普遍的: have catholic tastes, interests, views, etc 广泛的爱好、兴趣、意见等./kəˈθɒləsɪzəm; kə`θɑləˌsɪzəm/ n [U] = Roman Catholicism (Roman)./ˌkθəˈlɪsətɪ; ˌkæθə`lɪsətɪ/ n [U] universalityor breadth (esp of interests) 普遍性, 广泛性（尤指兴趣）./ˈkætkɪn; `kætkɪn/ n tuft of soft downy flowers hanging from the twigs of such trees as willows or birches 柔荑花序（垂于柳树或桦树枝头的软毛花穗）, 柳絮./ˈkætmɪnt; `kætˌmɪnt/ (also catnip) n [U] aromatic plant with blue flowers whose smell is attractive to cats 猫薄荷; 樟脑草./ˈkætnp; `kætnæp/ n short sleep; doze 小睡; 瞌睡; 盹儿.

v (-pp-) [I] have a catnap 小睡片刻; 打瞌睡; 打盹儿./ˈkætnɪp; `kætnɪp/ n [U] = catmint.n person who is used by sb else to do sth risky or unpleasant 被人利用做冒险或厌恶事情的人./ˈkætsuːt; `kætˌsut/ n close-fitting garment that covers the body from the neck to the feet （从颈至足全身的）紧身衣.adv. n [U]./ˈkætl; `kætl/ n [pl v] animals with horns and cloven hoofs such as cows, bulls and bullocks, bred for their milk or meat; oxen 牛（总称）: a herd of cattle 一群牛 * twenty head of cattle, eg twenty cows 二十头牛 * The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起. * [attrib 作定语] `cattle breeding 饲养牛 * `cattle sheds 牛棚.n [U] small blocks of concentrated food fed to cattle 牛饲料.n (usu metal) grid covering a ditch in a road so that vehicles can pass but not cattle, sheep, etc 拦畜沟栅（通常为金属制的架子, 置于路中的沟上, 车辆可通过而牛羊等无法通过）./ˈkætɪ; `kætɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (also cattish) malicious; spiteful 恶毒的; 恶意的: catty remarks 恶毒的话. /ˈkætwɔːk; `kætˌwɔk/ n raised narrow footway along a bridge, over a theatre stage, etc （桥梁、舞台等的）狭窄的人行道./kɔːˈkeɪzɪən, kɔːˈkeɪʒn; kɔ`keʒən/ (also Caucasoid/ 5kR:kEzRId; `kRkE9sRId/) adj of or relating to the `white' or light-skinned racial division of mankind 白种人的; 高加索的; 高加索人的.

n Caucasian person 白种人; 高加索人./ˈkɔːkəs; `kɔkəs/ n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义)  1 (meeting of the) parliamentary members of a particular political party or any other legislature 政党或立法机关的议会成员（的会议）.  2 (US) (meeting of the) members or leaders of a particular political party to choose candidates, decide policy, etc 政党的决策干部（的会议）.  3 local organizing committee of a political party, which decides policy, etc 政党的地方决策委员会.pt, pp of catch./kɔːl; kɔl/ n (anatomy 解) (a) membrane enclosing a foetus in the womb 胎膜. (b) part of this that is sometimes found on a child's head at birth （在幼儿出生时头部有时带有的）部分胎膜./ˈkɔːldrən; `kɔldrən/ n large deep pot for boiling things in 大锅./ˈkɒlɪflaʊə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkɔːlɪ-; `kɔləˌflaᴜɚ/ n [C, U] type of cabbage with a large dense white head of flowers, eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜; 菜花: Have some more cauliflower. 再吃点菜花. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图.(Brit) cauliflower cooked and served with a cheese sauce 奶酪菜花.(Brit) ear that has become swollen after repeated blows, eg in boxing 菜花耳（被反覆殴打而肿胀的耳朵, 如在拳击赛中的）./kɔːk; kɔk/ v [Tn] (a) make (esp a boat) watertight by filling the seams or joints with waterproof material （用防水材料填充缝隙或连接处）使（尤指船）不漏水. (b) fill up (esp cracks in wood) with a sticky substance 用黏性物质填塞（尤指木缝）; 泥（缝）./kɔːzl; `kɔzl/ adj  1 of or forming a cause; relating to cause and effect 原因的; 构成原因的; 因果关系的.  2 (grammar) expressing or indicating a cause 表示原因的: `Because' is a causal conjunction. because一词是表示原因的连接词./kɔːˈzælətɪ; kɔ`zælətɪ/ (also causation) n [U] (a) relationship between cause and effect 因果关系. (b) principle that nothing can happen without a cause 因果性./kɔːˈzeɪʃn; kɔ`zeʃən/ n [U]  1 the causing or producing of an effect 起因; 原因.  2 = causality (causal)./ˈkɔːzətɪv; `kɔzətɪv/ adj  1 acting as a cause 成为原因的.  2 (grammar) (of words or forms of words) expressing a cause （指词或词形）使役的: `Blacken' is a causative verb meaning `cause to become black'. blacken是使役动词, 意思是｀使变黑＇./kɔːz; kɔz/ n  1 [C] that which produces an effect; thing, event, person, etc that makes sth happen 原因; 导致某事物发生的事物、人等: What was the cause of the fire? 火灾是怎样引起的? * Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 吸烟是引起心脏病的一种病因. * Police are investigating the causes of the explosion. 警方正在调查爆炸的原因.  2 [U] ~ (for sth) reason 理由; 缘故: There is no cause for anxiety. 不必忧虑. * You have no cause for complaint/no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨. * She is never absent from work without good cause. 她决不无故缺勤. =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1.  3 [C] aim, principle or movement that is strongly defended or supported 极力维护或支持的目标、原则或运动; 事业: a good cause, ie one that deserves to be supported, eg a charity 高尚的目标（应为之尽力的目标, 如慈善事业） * He fought for the republican cause in the civil war. 他在内战中为共和事业而战. * Her life was devoted to the cause of justice. 她为正义事业而献身.  4 [C] (law 律) question to be resolved in a court of law 诉讼的问题或事由: pleading one's cause 辩护; 分辩.  5 (idm 习语) a lost cause => lose2. make common cause with sb => common1. the root cause => root1.

v [Tn, Tnt, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) be the cause of (sth); make happen 造成（某事物）; 使发生: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌. * What caused the explosion? 爆炸是怎样引起的? * The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物. * He caused his parents much unhappiness. 他弄得父母很不愉快. * She's always causing trouble for people. 她总是给人添麻烦.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verbs cause, bring about and make indicate how a certain result, situation or event happens *cause、bring about、make均表示某结果、某情况或某事情是怎样造成或发生的. These verbs are used in a variety of patterns. 这几个动词可用于多种句型. Bring about and cause can be used with a direct object indicating the result *bring about和cause . Bring about is more formal and refers to a less direct cause *bring about较文, 所表示的因果关系不那么直接: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌. *  The war brought about a reduction in the birth-rate. 战争导致出生率下降. Cause can connect the result with the person, etc affected *cause可指所产生的结果与所涉及的人等有关: My car has caused me a lot of trouble. 我的汽车给我带来很多麻烦. *  His parents were caused a lot of worry by his laziness. 他很懒惰, 使父母大伤脑筋. Cause and make can be used with ( to +) an infinitive, but not in the passive *cause和make可与（to +）不定式连用, 但不可用于被动语态: The pepper in the food caused me to/made me sneeze. 这食物中的胡椒味儿呛得我直打喷嚏. When make means `compel', it can be used in the passive (with to + infinitive)  当make意为｀迫使＇时, 可用于被动语态（与 to+不定式连用）: They made him pay for the damage he had done/He was made to pay for the damage he had done. 那些人叫他赔偿由他造成的损失[他被迫赔偿自己所造成的损失]./ˈkɔːzweɪ; `kɔzˌwe/ n raised road or path, esp across low or wet ground 堤道, 砌道（尤指通过低洼或潮湿地带的）./ˈkɔːstɪk; `kɔstɪk/ adj  1 that can burn or destroy things by chemical action 腐蚀性的; 苛性的.  2 (fig 比喻) (of comments) sarcastic; cutting （指评论）讽刺的; 挖苦的: caustic remarks 刻薄话 * a caustic wit 言词尖刻的人.= sodium hydroxide (sodium)./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv in a caustic(2) way 讽刺地; 挖苦地.=> cauterize/ˈkɔːtəraɪz; `kɔtəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] burn the surface of (body tissue) with a caustic substance or hot iron to destroy infection or stop bleeding （用腐蚀性物质或烙铁）烧灼（表皮组织）以消毒或止血: cauterize a snake-bite 烧灼蛇咬伤口./ˈkɔːʃn; `kɔʃən/ n  1 [U] being careful to avoid danger or mistakes; prudence 小心; 谨慎; 慎重: Proceed with caution. 小心行事. * You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog. 在雾中开车要极为小心.  2 [C] warning, esp one given to sb who has committed a minor crime, that further action will be taken if he commits it again 警告（尤指某人已犯轻罪, 下不为例）: let sb off with a caution 给某人一个警告而放过他.  3 [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) amusing or surprising person 使人发笑或惊奇的人.  4 (idm 习语) throw, fling, etc caution to the winds stop being cautious in one's actions or when deciding what to do 不顾一切; 鲁莽行事.

v  1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] warn (sb) to be careful 提醒或警告（某人）要小心: We were cautioned not to drive too fast. 人家提醒我们车不要开得太快. (b) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) against sth warn or advise (sb) against sth 警告或劝告（某人）防止某事物: I would caution against undue optimism. 我奉劝不要过于乐观.  2 [Tn] give a caution(2) to (sb) 对（某人）给予警告: be cautioned by a judge 受到法官的警告./ˈkɔːʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːʃənerɪ; `kɔʃənˌɛrɪ/ adj giving advice or a warning 给予劝告或警告的: a cautionary tale 警世的故事./ˈkɔːʃəs; `kɔʃəs/ adj ~ (about/of sb/sth) showing or having caution(1); careful 小心的; 谨慎的; 细心的: a cautious driver 谨慎的司机 * cautious of strangers 提防陌生人 * cautious about spending money 用钱仔细. adv. n [U]./ˌkævlˈkeɪd; ˌkævl`ked/ n procession of people on horseback, in cars, etc 骑马、乘车等的行列./ˌkævəˈlɪə(r); ˌkævə`lɪr/ n  1 Cavalier supporter of Charles I in the English Civil War （英国内战中）拥护查理一世的人, 保皇党党员. Cf 参看 Roundhead (round2).  2 (joc 谑) man escorting a woman （陪伴女子的）护花使者.

adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] offhand; discourteous 随便的; 不礼貌的: display a cavalier attitude towards the feelings of others 对别人的感情满不在乎 * treat sb in a cavalier manner 慢待某人./ˈkævlrɪ; `kævlrɪ/ n [CGp] soldiers fighting on horseback (esp formerly) or in armoured vehicles 骑兵（尤指旧时的）; 装甲兵: [attrib 作定语] a cavalry officer/regiment 装甲兵军官[团]. Cf 参看 infantry./keɪv; kev/ n hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground 洞穴.

v  1 [I] (usu 通常作 go caving) explore caves as a sport 洞穴探险运动: He likes caving. 他喜欢洞穴探险运动.  2 (phr v) cave in fall inwards; collapse 塌陷; 坍方; 坍塌: The roof of the tunnel caved in (on the workmen). 隧道顶坍塌（压住工人）. * (fig 比喻) All opposition to the scheme has caved in. 所有反对这一计划的意见都否定了.n = caveman.n sudden collapse of a roof, etc （屋顶等）突然坍塌./ˈkævɪæt, also ˈkeɪvɪæt; `kævɪˌæt, `kevɪˌæt/ n  1 (fml 文) warning; proviso 警告; 限制性条款: I recommend the deal, but with certain caveats. 我介绍这笔交易, 但有几项要提请注意.  2 (law 律) procedure for requesting a court to suspend proceedings until the opposition has been heard 中止诉讼的申请./ˈkeɪvmn; `kevˌmæn/ n (pl -men/ 5keIvmen; `kev9mZn/)  1 person living in caves, esp in prehistoric times 穴居人（尤指史前时代的）.  2 (infml 口) man of crude or violent feelings and behaviour 野蛮人; 粗野的人./ˈkævən; `kævɚn/ n cave, esp a large or dark one 洞穴（尤指大而黑的）.adj like a cavern; large and deep 像大洞穴的; 大而深的: cavernous depths 像大洞穴般的深度 * cavernous eyes 深陷的眼睛./ˈkævɪɑː(r); ˌkævɪ`ɑr/ n [U]  1 pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy 鱼子酱.  2 (idm 习语) be ,caviare to the `general (dated or joc 旧或谑) be too refined or delicate to be appreciated by ordinary people 过于高雅而不为一般人所欣赏; 阳春白雪./ˈkævl; `kævl/ v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) make unnecessary complaints (about sth) （对某事物）无端指摘, 挑剔, 吹毛求疵: He cavilled at being asked to cook his own breakfast. 他嗔怪让他自己做早饭./ˈkævətɪ; `kævətɪ/ n empty space within sth solid, eg a hole in a tooth 腔, 洞（如牙齿中的洞）.wall consisting of two separate walls with a space between, designed to give extra insulation 夹壁墙（两道墙中间有空隙, 用以增强绝缘性）./kəˈvɔːt; kə`vɔrt/ v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) jump about excitedly 欢跃; 跳跃: Stop cavorting around and sit still, just for five minutes! 别欢蹦乱跳的, 坐好了, 就五分钟!/kɔː; kɔ/ n harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven 乌鸦的叫声.

v [I] make this cry （乌鸦）叫; 发出乌鸦的叫声; 呱呱地叫./keɪˈen; ke`ɛn/ n [U] (also ,cayenne `pepper) type of hot red powdered pepper(1), used for seasoning foods 辣椒粉./ˈkeɪmən; `kemən/ n type of S American reptile like an alligator （南美的）大鳄鱼./ˌsiː ˈbiː; ˌsi `bi/ abbr 缩写 =  1 citizens' band: broadcast a message on CB radio 在无线电民用频带中广播消息.  2 (Brit) Companion (of the Order) of the Bath 最低级巴思爵士./ˌsiː biː ˈsiː; ˌsi bi `si/ abbr 缩写 = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司: a CBC news programme 加拿大广播公司新闻节目 * listen to (the) CBC 收听加拿大广播公司的广播./ˌsiː biː ˈiː; ˌsi bi `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire 英帝国二等勋位爵士; 英帝国司令勋章: be (made) a CBE （成）为英帝国二等勋位爵士 * John Adams CBE 英帝国二等勋位爵士约翰·亚当斯. Cf 参看 DBE, KBE, MBE./ˌsiː biː ˈaɪː; ˌsi bi `aɪ/ abbr 缩写 = Confederation of British Industry 英国工业联合会./ˌsiː biː ˈes; ˌsi bi `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Columbia Broadcasting System 哥伦比亚广播公司: a CBS news broadcast 哥伦比亚广播公司的新闻广播 * listen to CBS 收听哥伦比亚广播公司的广播./ˌsiː ˈsiː; ˌsi `si/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (commerce 商) carbon copy (to) 副本（交）: to Luke Petersen, cc Janet Gold, Marion Ryde 交卢克·彼得森, 副本交珍妮特·戈尔德、马里恩·赖德.  2 cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米: an 850cc engine  850立方厘米的发动机.abbr 缩写 = Commander: Cdr (John) Stone （约翰）斯通指挥官.abbr 缩写 = Commodore: Cdre (James) Wingfield （詹姆斯）温菲尔德海军准将./ˌsiː diː ˈtiː; ˌsi di `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Daylight Time 中部夏令时间.abbr 缩写 = Church of England 英国国教: a CE junior school 英国国教初级学校. Cf 参看 C of E./siːs; sis/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, It, Tn, Tg] come or bring (sth) to an end; stop 停止; 中止: Hostilities (ie Fighting) between the two sides ceased at midnight. 双方在午夜停止敌对行动（战斗）. * The officer ordered his men to cease fire, ie stop shooting. 长官命令士兵停火（停止射击）. * That department has ceased to exist. 那部门已不复存在. * The factory has ceased making bicycles. 那工厂已停止生产自行车了.  2 (idm 习语) wonders will never cease => wonder n.

n (idm 习语) without `cease (fml 文) without stopping; continuously 不停地; 不断地.n  1 signal to stop firing guns in war 战争中的停火信号: order a cease-fire 命令停火.  2 temporary period of truce 休战: negotiate a cease-fire 谈判休战.adj not stopping; without end; continuous 不停的; 不绝的; 不断的: His ceaseless chatter began to annoy me. 他不停的唠叨使我厌烦起来. adv./ˈsiːdə(r); `sidɚ/ n (a) [C] tall evergreen coniferous tree 雪松. (b) (also cedarwood/ 5si:dEwUd; sidL9wUd/) [U] its hard red sweet-smelling wood, used for making boxes, furniture, pencils, etc 雪松木材（用以制造箱子、家具、铅笔等）: [attrib 作定语] a ,cedar `chest 雪松木的箱子./siːd; sid/ v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give up one's rights to or possession of sth 割让, 让予, 放弃（某事物的权利或所有权）: cede territory to a neighbouring state 把领土割让给邻国./sɪˈdɪlə; sɪ`dɪlə/ n mark put under the c () in certain languages (eg French and Portuguese) to show that it is pronounced/ s; s/, as in facade 下加符, 尾形符（某些语言中, 如法语和葡萄牙语, 字母c下面的一撇｀c <SYMFONT?>_148_60671 ＇, 表示发/s; s/音, 如facade中的）./ˈsiːlɪŋ; `silɪŋ/ n  1 top inner surface of a room 天花板; 顶篷: Mind you don't bump your head on the low ceiling. 天花板很低, 留神别碰头.  2 cloud level 云幕高度.  3 maximum altitude at which a particular aircraft can normally fly 一航空器所能飞的最高限度; 升限; 上升限度: an aircraft with a ceiling of 20000 ft 一架能飞20000英尺高的飞机.  4 upper limit 上限: The government has set a wages and prices ceiling of 10%. 政府规定工资和物价提高的最高限度为10%.  5 (idm 习语) hit the ceiling/roof => hit 1./ˈseləndaɪn; `sɛlənˌdaɪn/ n small wild plant with yellow flowers 白屈菜./ˈselɪbrənt; `sɛləbrənt/ n priest leading a church service, esp the Eucharist （主持宗教仪式的）教士（尤指主持圣餐者）./ˈselɪbreɪt; `sɛləˌbret/ v  1 (a) [Tn] mark (a happy or important day, event, etc) with festivities and rejoicing 庆祝; 祝贺: celebrate Christmas, sb's birthday, a wedding anniversary, etc 庆祝圣诞节、某人的生日、结婚纪念日等 * celebrate a victory, success, etc 庆祝胜利、成功等. (b) [I] enjoy oneself in some way on such an occasion （为庆祝）寻欢作乐: It's my birthday  let's celebrate! eg with alcoholic drink. 今天是我的生日--咱们庆祝一下吧!  2 [Tn] (of a priest) lead (a religious ceremony) （指神父）主持（宗教仪式）: celebrate Mass/the Eucharist 主持弥撒[圣餐].  3 [Tn] (fml 文) praise (sb/sth); honour 赞扬, 赞美（某人[某事物]）; 称赞; 歌颂: Odysseus's heroic exploits are celebrated in `The Odyssey'. 《奥德赛》史诗中歌颂了奥德修斯的丰功伟绩.adj ~ (for sth) famous 着名的; 驰名的: a celebrated actress, writer, pianist, etc 着名的女演员、作家、钢琴家等 * Burgundy is celebrated for its fine wines. 勃艮第以盛产美酒而驰名./ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn; ˌsɛlə`breʃən/ n [C, U] (act or occasion of) celebrating 庆祝或祝贺（的活动或场合）: birthday celebrations 生日庆祝会 * a day of celebration 庆祝日./sɪˈlebrətɪ; sə`lɛbrətɪ/ n  1 [C] famous person 名人; 闻人: celebrities of stage and screen, ie well-known actors and film stars 舞台和影视界名人（着名的演员和电影明星）.  2 [U] being famous; fame 着名; 名望; 名声./sɪˈlerətɪ; `səlɛrətɪ/ n [U] (arch 古) quickness 敏捷; 迅速./ˈselərɪ; `sɛlərɪ/ n [U] garden plant with crisp stems that are used in salads or as a vegetable 芹菜: a bunch/stick/head of celery 一捆[根/棵]芹菜 * [attrib 作定语] celery soup 芹菜汤./sɪˈlestɪəl; <i>US</i> -tʃl; sə`lɛstʃəl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of the sky 天的; 天空的: celestial bodies, eg the sun and the stars 天体（如太阳和星球）.  2 of heaven; divine 天上的; 神的; 天才的; 非凡的: (fig 比喻) the celestial beauty of her voice 她歌喉之美如闻天籁. Cf 参看 terrestrial./ˈselɪbəsɪ; `sɛləbəsɪ/ n [U] (state of) living unmarried, esp for religious reasons 独身生活（的状况）（尤指为宗教原因）: Catholic priests take a vow of celibacy.天主教神父发誓不结婚. celibate n unmarried person; person not having sexual relations 独身者; 没有性关系的人./ˈselɪbət; `sɛləbət/ adj  1 remaining unmarried, esp for religious reasons 不结婚的（尤指为宗教原因）.  2 not having sexual relations 没有性关系的./sel; sɛl/ n  1 very small room, eg for a monk in a monastery or for one or more prisoners in a prison 小房间（如修道院里的密室或狱中的牢房）.  2 compartment in a honeycomb （蜂房的）巢室.  3 device for producing an electric current by chemical action, eg the metal plates in acid inside a battery 电池.  4 microscopic unit of living matter, containing a nucleus 细胞: Human tissue is made up of cells. 人体的组织是由细胞构成的. * cancer cells 癌细胞.  5 small group of people forming a centre of (esp revolutionary) political activity （尤指革命的）政治活动小组: a terrorist cell 恐怖分子的小组./ˈselə(r); `sɛlɚ/ n  1 underground room for storing things （贮藏东西用的）地下室, 地窖: a coal cellar 地下煤窖.  2 = wine-cellar (wine)./ˈtʃelɪst; `tʃɛlɪst/ n person who plays the cello 大提琴演奏者./ˈtʃeləʊ; `tʃɛlo/ n (pl ~s) stringed musical instrument like a large violin, held between the knees by a seated player 大提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi./ˈseləfeɪn; `sɛləˌfen/ n [U] (propr 专利名) thin transparent material made from viscose and used for wrapping things （包装用的）玻璃纸: [attrib 作定语] cellophane wrapping 玻璃纸包装./ˈseljʊlə(r); `sɛljəlɚ/ adj  1 of or consisting of cells (cell 4)细胞的; 由细胞组成的: cellular tissue 细胞组织.  2 (of textile materials) loosely woven （指纺织材料）松织的: cellular blankets 松织的毯子./ˈseljʊlɔɪd; `sɛljəˌlɔɪd/ n [U]  1 plastic made from cellulose nitrate and camphor, used for making many things, eg toys, toilet articles and (formerly) photographic film 赛璐珞.  2 (dated 旧) cinema films 电影片: [attrib 作定语] the celluloid heroes of one's youth 某人青年时代的电影明星./ˈseljʊləʊs; `sɛljəˌlos/ n [U]  1 organic substance that forms the main part of all plants and trees and is used in making plastics, paper, etc 纤维素（构成植物主要组成部分的有机化合物, 用以制造塑料、纸等）.  2 any of various compounds of this used in making paint or lacquer 纤维素的衍生物（用以制造颜料或油漆）./ˈselsɪəs; `sɛlsɪəs/ adj = centigrade: Boiling point is 100 Celsius. 沸点是100摄氏度./kelt; <i>US</i> selt; sɛlt/ n (a) member of an ancient W European people some of whom settled in Britain before the coming of the Romans 凯尔特人（古代西欧人, 其中有些人在罗马人来到之前已定居于不列颠）. (b) one of their descendants, esp in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall or Brittany 凯尔特人（尤指爱尔兰、威尔士、苏格兰、康沃尔或布列塔尼的）.n, adj (language) of the Celts 凯尔特人的（语言）./sɪˈment; sə`mɛnt/ n [U]  1 grey powder, made by burning lime and clay, that sets hard after mixing with water and is used in building to stick bricks together or for making very hard surfaces 水泥.  2 (a) any similar soft substance that sets firm and is used for sticking things together 任何类似水泥的软物质; 胶合剂; 接合剂. Cf 参看 adhesiven, glue. (b) substance for filling holes in teeth （补牙用的）粘固粉.

v  1 [Tn] cover (sth) with cement(1) 用水泥铺（某物）.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together) join things together (as) with cement （如）用水泥粘合东西: He cemented the bricks into place. 他用水泥砌砖.  3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) establish (sth) firmly; strengthen 将（某事物）结合在一起; 加强; 巩固: cement a friendship 加强友谊./ˈsemətrɪ; <i>US</i> ˈseməterɪ; `sɛməˌtɛrɪ/ n area of land, not a churchyard, used for burying the dead （非教堂的）墓地, 公墓./ˈsenətɑːf; <i>US</i> -tæf; `sɛnəˌtæf/ n monument in memory of people buried elsewhere, esp soldiers killed in war （为葬于别处的死者, 尤指阵亡者, 所立的）纪念碑./ˈsensə(r); `sɛnsɚ/ n container in which incense is burnt in churches （教堂中的）香炉./ˈsensə(r); `sɛnsɚ/ n  1 person authorized toexamine books, films, plays, letters, etc and remove partswhich are considered indecent, offensive, politically unacceptable or (esp in war) a threat to security （书籍、电影、戏剧、信件等的）检查员: the British Board of Film Censors 英国影片审查委员会.  2 (in ancient Rome) official who prepared a register of all citizens and supervised public morals （古罗马负责登记全体市民并监督公众道德行为的）监察官.

v [Tn] examine or remove parts from (sth), as a censor （作为检查员）检查或删剪（某物）: the censored version of a film 经过检查的电影版本./senˈsɔːrɪəs; sɛn`sɔrɪəs/ adj tending to find faults in people or things; severely critical 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的; 苛刻批评的. adv. n [U].n [U] act or policy of censoring books, etc 书籍等的检查或其政策: Strict censorship is enforced in some countries. 某些国家的书刊检查很严./ˈsenʃə(r); `sɛnʃɚ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) criticize sb severely; rebuke sb formally 严厉批评某人; 正式责备某人: Two MPs were censured by the Speaker. 有两个议员遭到议长的责备.

n [U] strong criticism or condemnation; reprimand 指责; 遣责; 斥责: pass a vote of censure (on sb) 通过（对某人的）不信任投票 * lay oneself open to (ie risk) public censure 给人以责难的口实./ˈsensəs; `sɛnsəs/ n (pl ~es) official counting of a country's population or of other classes of things, eg traffic, for statistical purposes 人口统计; 人口调查; 人口普查./sent; sɛnt/ n (a) one 100th part of a US dollar or of certain other metric units of currency 分（一美元或某些十进制货币单位的百分之一）. (b) (abbrs 缩写 c, ct) coin of this value 分值的硬币. =>App 4 见附录4.

abbr 缩写 = century(1b): in the 20th cent 在20世纪. Cf 参看 c 2.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词)  1 hundred 一百: centigrade * centipede.  2 (in the metric system) one hundredth part of （十进制中的）百分之一: centimetre. =>App 11 见附录11./ˈsentɔː(r); `sɛntɔr/ n (in Greek mythology) one of a tribe of creatures with a man's head, arms and upper body on a horse's body and legs （希腊神话中的）半人半马怪（上半身为人下半身为马）./ˌsentɪˈneərɪən; ˌsɛntə`nɛrɪən/ n, adj (person who is) 100 years old or more 百岁或百岁以上的（人）; 人瑞./senˈtiːnərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈsentənerɪ; `sɛntəˌnɛrɪ/ (US also centennial) n 100th anniversary of sth 某事物的第100周年纪念: The club will celebrate its centenary next year. 该俱乐部明年要庆祝一百周年纪念 * [attrib 作定语] centenary year 一百周年纪念的一年 * centenary celebrations 一百周年纪念庆典./senˈtenɪəl; sɛn`tɛnɪəl/ n (US) = centenary.

adj  1 occurring every 100 years 每100年的.  2 of a centenary 一百周年纪念的. adv./ˈsentə(r); `sɛntɚ/ (US) = centre./ˈsentɪgreɪd; `sɛntəˌˇred/ (also Celsius) adj (abbr 缩写 C) of or using a temperature scale with the freezing-point of water at 0 and the boiling-point at 100 摄氏温度计的: a centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计 * 20C means twenty degrees centigrade  20C的意思是二十摄氏度. Cf 参看 Fahrenheit. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、5./ˈsentɪgræm; `sɛntə-ˌˇræm/ n one 100th part of a gram 厘克（百分之一克）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈsentɪliːtə(r); `sɛntəˌlitɚ/ n (abbr 缩写 cl) one 100th part of a litre 厘升（百分之一升）./ˈsɒntiːm; `sɑntim/ n (a) one 100th part of a franc 生丁（百分之一法郎）. (b) coin of this value 生丁值的硬币./ˈsentɪmiːtə(r); `sɛntəˌmitɚ/ n (abbr 缩写 cm) one 100th part of a metre 厘米（百分之一米）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、5./ˈsentɪpiːd; `sɛntəˌpid/ n small crawling insect-like creature with a long thin body, numerous joints and a pair of legs at each joint 蜈蚣; 马陆. =>illus 见插图./ˈsentəʊ; `sɛnto/ abbr 缩写 = Central Treaty Organization (a military and economic alliance of Britain, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey) 中央条约组织（英国、伊朗、巴基斯坦、土耳其的军事和经济联盟）./ˈsentrəl; `sɛntrəl/ adj  1 (a) of, at, near or forming the centre of sth 中心的; 中央的; 在中心的; 形成中心的: We live in central London. 我们住在伦敦中部. * Our house is very central, ie is in or close to the centre of the town. 我们的房子就在市中心. * the central plains of N America 北美洲的中部平原. (b) easily reached from surrounding areas; convenient 容易从四周到达的; 方便的: a theatre with a very central location 地处中心的剧场.  2 most important; main; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: the central point of an argument 争论的焦点 * the central character in a novel 小说的中心人物 * Reducing inflation is central to (ie a major part of) the government's economic policy. 缩减通货膨胀是政府经济政策的重点.  3 having overall power or control 有全部权力或控制力的: central government, ie the government of a whole country, as contrasted with local government 中央政府（区别于地方政府） * the central committee, eg of a political party 中央委员会（如一政党的）.national bank that does business with the Government and other banks, and issues currency 中央银行.system for heating a building from one source by circulating hot water or hot air in pipes or by linked radiators 中央暖气系统; 集中供热设备.part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord 中枢神经系统.part of a computer that controls and co-ordinates the activities of other units and performs the actions specified in the program 中心处理机.grass or asphalt strip that separates the two sides of a motorway 中央分车带. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.(US) (abbr 缩写 CST) standard time used in a zone that includes the central states of the US 中央标准时间.=> centralization/ˈsentrəlɪzəm; `sɛntrəlˌɪzəm/ n [U] principle or system of centralizing 中央集权制; 集中制. centralist n, adj. centralize, -ise/ 5sentrElaIz;`sZntrEl9aIz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) come under the control of one central authority （使某事物）归中央管; 实行中央集权制: Is government becoming too centralized? 政府的权力是否越来越过分集中了? /ˌsentrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-;ˌsɛntrələ`zeʃən/ n [U]: the centralization of power 权力的集中./ˈsentrəlɪ; `sɛntrəlɪ/ adv.v  1 [Tn] place (sth) in or at the centre 将（某物）放在中央.  2 [I, Tn] (in football, hockey, etc) kick or hit (the ball) from the side towards the middle of the pitch （足球、曲棍球等）将（球）传到球场的中央. =>illus at association football 见association football之插图.  3 (phr v) centre (sth) on/upon/round sb/sth have sb/sth as its centre or main concern or theme; be concentrated or concentrate on sb/sth 将某人[某事物]当作中心、重点或主题; 集中于某人[某事物]: The social life of the village centres round the local sports club. 村民的社交活动都集中在当地的体育俱乐部. * Her research is centred on the social effects of unemployment. 她的研究课题是失业对社会的影响. * Public interest centres on the outcome of next week's by-election. 公众的注意力集中在下周的补选结果上./ˈsentə(r); `sɛntɚ/ n  1 [C] point that is equally distant from all sides of sth; middle point or part of sth 中心点; 中心; 中央: the centre of a circle 圆心 * the centre of London 伦敦市的中心 * a town centre 市中心. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图.  2 [C] point towards which people's interest is directed 使人感兴趣的集中点: Children like to be the centre of attention. 儿童喜欢引人注意. * The Prime Minister is at the centre of a political row over leaked Cabinet documents. 首相是内阁文件泄密政治纠纷的中心人物.  3 [C] place from which administration is organized 行政机构所在地; 中枢: a centre of power 权力的核心 * London is a centre of government. 伦敦是政府所在地.  4 [C] place (eg a town or group of buildings) where certain activities or facilities are concentrated 活动集中的地方（如城镇或一群建筑物）: a centre of industry, commerce, the steel trade, etc 工业、商业、钢铁贸易等的中心 * a shopping, sports, leisure, community centre 购物、运动、娱乐、社区中心.  5 (esp the centre) [sing, Gp] moderate political position or party, ie one between the extremes of left and right 政治上的中间立场或中间党派: This country lacks an effective party of the centre. 这个国家缺少一个能起作用的中立党派. * Are her views to the left or right of centre? 她的观点是中间偏左还是偏右? * [attrib 作定语] a centre party 中立的党.  6 [C] (a) (in football, hockey, etc) centre-forward （足球、曲棍球等）中锋. (b) (in Rugby football) either of two players in the middle of the line of three-quarters （橄榄球）中後卫.  7 [C] (in football, hockey, etc) kick or hit from the side towards the middle of the pitch （足球、曲棍球等）从一边向球场中央之传球.  8 (idm 习语) left, right and centre => left2.point around which the weight of an object is evenly distributed 重心.two facing middle pages of a newspaper or magazine （报纸或杂志的）中间跨页.n tool for boring holes in wood 三叉钻头; 中心钻.n large coloured picture folded to form the middle pages of a newspaper or magazine 中间摺页（报纸或杂志中间的大张彩色夹页）.n (in football, hockey, etc) player or position in the middle of the forward line （足球、曲棍球等）中锋或中锋的位置: play (at) centre-forward 担任中锋.n (in football, hockey, etc) player or position in the middle of the half-back line （足球、曲棍球等）中前卫或中前卫的位置.n (a) ornament for the centre of a table, etc （桌子等的）中心装饰. (b) most important item, eg in a display 最重要的项目（如展览中的）.n moveable board that can be raised or lowered through a slot in the keel of a sailing-boat to prevent drifting 中插板（船底中心防止船漂移的垂直升降板）. =>illus at dinghy 见dinghy之插图./senˈtrɪfjʊgl, also ˌsentrɪˈfjuːgl; sɛn`trɪfjuˇl/ adj (a) moving away from the centre or axis 离心的. (b) of or using centrifugal force 离心力的; 用离心力的.force that appears to cause an object travelling round a centre to fly outwards and away from its circular path 离心力./ˈsentrɪfjuːdʒ; `sɛntrəˌfjudʒ/ n rotating machine using centrifugal force to separate substances, eg milk and cream 离心机; 离心分离机./senˈtrɪpɪtl, also ˌsentrɪˈpiːtl; sɛn`trɪpətl/ adj moving towards the centre or axis 向心的; 向轴心的./-ɪzəm; -ɪzəm/ n [U]./ˈsentrɪst; `sɛntrɪst/ n person who holds moderate political views （政治上的）中间派成员. /senˈtjʊərɪən; <i>US</i> -ˈtʊər-; sɛn`tᴜrɪən/ n (in ancient Rome) officer commanding a unit of 100 soldiers （古罗马的）百人队队长./ˈsentʃərɪ; `sɛntʃərɪ/ n  1 (a) period of 100 years 100年. (b) (abbr 缩写 c, cent) any of the periods of 100 years before or after the death of Jesus Christ 世纪（指耶稣基督去世以前或以後每100年的期间）: the 20th century, ie AD 1900-1999  第20世纪（公元1900-1999年） * at the turn of the century, ie when one ends and the next begins 在两个世纪之交（在一个世纪结束, 下一个世纪开始时）.  2 (in cricket) score of 100 runs by one batsman in an innings （板球）（击球员在一局所得的）百分: make/score a century 得百分 * a double century, ie 200 runs in an innings 双百分（一局得200分）./sɪˈræmɪk; sə`ræmɪk/ adj of or relating to pottery 陶器的; 与陶器有关的.n  1 [sing v] art of making and decorating pottery 陶器制法; 陶器工艺.  2 [pl] objects made of clay, porcelain, etc 陶器制品./ˈsɪərɪəl; `sɪrɪəl/ n (a) [C] any of various types of grass producing edible grains, eg wheat, rye, oats, barley 谷类植物. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] grain produced by such a grass 谷物: [attrib 作定语] cereal products 谷物产品. (c) [C, U] (any of various types of) food made from the grain of cereals 谷类食物; 麦片粥: `breakfast cereals 早餐用的谷类食品 * a bowl of cereal 一碗麦片粥./serɪˈbeləm; ˌsɛrə`bɛləm/ n (pl -la/ -lE;-lE/ or  -lums/ -lEmz; -lEmz/) (anatomy 解) part of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movements 小脑./ˈserɪbrəl; <i>US</i> səˈriːbrəl; sə`ribrəl/ adj  1 of the brain 脑的; 大脑的: a cerebral haemorrhage 脑溢血.  2 intellectual (rather than emotional) 理智的（非感情的）: His poetry is very cerebral. 他的诗很有理性.disease in which a person's movements become jerky and uncontrolled because of brain damage before or at birth 脑性麻痹. Cf 参看 spastic./serɪˈbreɪʃn; ˌsɛrə`breʃən/ n [U] (fml or rhet or joc 文或修辞或谑) working of the brain; thinking 大脑活动; 思想; 思考./ˌserɪˈməʊnɪəl; ˌsɛrə`monɪəl/ adj of, used for or involving a ceremony; formal 礼仪的; 仪式的; 正式的: ceremonial dress 礼服 * a ceremonial occasion 正式场合.

n [C, U] system of rules and procedures for ceremonies or formal occasions 礼仪; 仪式: the ceremonials of religion 宗教仪式 * performed with due ceremonial 按照适当礼仪进行./-nɪəlɪ; -nɪəlɪ/ adv./ˌserɪˈməʊnɪəs; ˌsɛrə`monɪəs/ adj (a) full of ceremony; very formal 仪式隆重的; 讲究礼仪的. (b) elaborately performed 郑重其事的; 礼节过分的: He unveiled the picture with a ceremonious gesture. 他郑重其事地为这幅画揭幕. adv./ˈserɪmənɪ; <i>US</i> -məʊnɪ; `sɛrəˌmonɪ/ n  1 [C] formal act or series of formal acts performed on a religious or public occasion 典礼; 仪式: a marriage/wedding ceremony 婚礼.  2 [U] formal display or behaviour; formality 礼节; 礼貌; 礼仪: There's no need for ceremony between friends. 朋友之间不必拘礼. * The Queen was crowned with much ceremony. 女王加冕礼仪很隆重.  3 (idm 习语) stand on `ceremony behave formally 拘于礼节: Please don't stand on ceremony (ie Please be natural and relaxed) with me. 请勿拘礼./səˈriːz, səˈriːs; <i>US</i> -iːz; sə`riz/ adj, n [U] (of a) light clear red colour 鲜红色（的）./sɜːn; sɝn/ abbr 缩写 = European Organization for Nuclear Research (French Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) 欧洲原子核研究组织（源自法文Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire）./sɜːt; sɝt/ n (Brit infml 口) thing that is sure to happen, be successful, etc; certainty 必然发生的事情; 确实的事情: Black Widow is a (dead) cert for (ie is sure to win) the next race. ｀黑寡妇＇马下一场比赛赢定了.

abbr 缩写 = certified./ˌsɜːt ˈed; ˌsɝt `ɛd/ abbr 缩写 = Certificate in Education 教育学证书: have/be a Cert Ed 有教育学证书 * Jim Smith BA Cert Ed 吉姆·史密斯文学士, 持有教育学证书./ˈsɜːtn; `sɝtn/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (to do sth) sure beyond doubt; that can be relied on 无疑; 确定: It is certain that he will agree/He is certain to agree. 肯定他会同意[他一定同意]. * One thing is certain: I'm not coming here again. 有一件事可以肯定, 我再也不来了.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (of/about sth) positive in one's mind; completely sure 确信; 肯定: I'm certain (that) she saw me. 我肯定她看见我了. * She saw me: I'm certain of that. 她看见我了, 这一点我可以肯定. * I'm not certain (of) what she wants. 我不清楚她想要什么.  3 [attrib 作定语] sure to come, happen or be effective; assured 一定会来到、发生或生效的; 有把握的: There is no certain cure for this disease. 这种病没有特效药. * They face certain death unless they can be rescued today. 他们除非今天获救, 否则必死无疑.  4 [attrib 作定语] specific but not named or stated 某（不指明的或不说出的）: For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting. 因为某种原因, 我不能出席这次会议. * The terrorists will only release their hostages on certain conditions. 恐怖分子只有在某些条件下才释放人质.  5 [attrib 作定语] named but not known 说出姓名但不认识的: A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out. 你出去的时候, 有个叫布朗的先生来过电话.  6 [attrib 作定语] slight; some 稍微的; 一些的; 一点儿的: There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me. 她对我的态度有点儿冷淡. * I felt a certain reluctance to tell her the news. 我不太愿意告诉她这个消息.  7 (idm 习语) for `certain without doubt 无疑地; 确定地: I couldn't say for certain when he'll arrive. 我说不准他什么时候到. * I don't yet know for certain. 我知道得不确切. make certain (that...) inquire in order to be sure about sth 弄清楚; 弄明白; 弄确实: I think there's a train at 8.20 but you ought to make certain. 我想8点20分有一班火车, 不过你应该打听清楚. make certain of sth/of doing sth do sth in order to be sure of (doing) sth else 采取行动以便确有把握做其他事: You'd better leave now if you want to make certain of getting there on time. 你要想准时到达那里就最好马上走.

pron ~ of... some particular members of (a group of people or things) （人或物中的）某些: Certain of those present had had too much to drink. 有些出席的人喝得太多了.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Sure and certain are often used in the same way *sure和certain的用法常常是相同的: They're sure/certain to be late. 他们一定迟到. *  I'm sure/certain (that) they'll be late. 我肯定他们得迟到. *  One thing was sure/certain: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的, 他们得迟到. *  They made sure/certain (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到. With `it' as an indefinite subject or object only certain can be used *it作不定主语或不定宾语时, 只可用certain与之连用: It was certain/ I thought it certain that they would be late. 肯定[我肯定]他们要迟到. Sure can sound weaker than certain, especially in conversation *sure的语气听起来比certain弱些, 特别是在对话中: I'm sure he'll manage it, ie I think/hope he will. 我确信他能办到（即我认为[希望]他能办到）.adv  1 without doubt; definitely 无疑地; 确定地: He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor. 你不请大夫来, 他就得死了. Cf 参看 surely.  2 (used in answer to questions 用于回答问题) of course 当然: `May I borrow your pen for a moment?' `Certainly.' ｀我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?＇ ｀当然可以.＇ * `Do you consider yourself a rude person?' `Certainly not!' ｀你认为你是个粗鲁的人吗?＇｀当然不是!＇/ˈsɜːtntɪ; `sɝtntɪ/ n  1 [C] thing that is certain 确定的事情: England will lose the match  that's a certainty! 这场比赛英格兰要输--这是肯定的! * That horse is a certainty, ie is certain to win. 那匹马赢定了（准赢）.  2 [U] state of being certain 确知; 确信; 确实; 必然: I can't say with any certainty where I shall be next week. 我说不准我下星期在什么地方. * We can have no certainty of success. 我们没有成功的把握./ˌsɜːtɪˈfaɪbl; `sɝtəˌfaɪəbl/ adj that can or should be certified, esp as insane 可证明的, 应证明的（尤指证明为精神病患者）: He's certifiable, ie mad. 可证明他是精神病患者./səˈtɪfɪkət; sɚ`tɪfəkət/ n official written or printed statement that may be used as proof or evidence of certain facts 证（明）书: a `birth/ `marriage/ `death certificate 出生[结婚/死亡]证书 * an examination certificate, ie proving that sb has passed an examination 及格证明书.(in Britain) former examination in a range of subjects taken by pupils aged 15 and over 中等教育证书（英国年满15岁的学生参加的各科考试）. Cf 参看 General Certificate of Education (general), General Certificate of Secondary Education (general)./-keɪtɪd; -ˌketɪd/ adj having been awarded a certificate; qualified 授予证明书的; 合格的./ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌsɝtəfə`keʃən/ n [U] action of certifying or state of being certified 证明.(US) cheque that is guaranteed by the bank 保付支票（由银行担保的支票）./ˈsɜːtɪfaɪ; `sɝtəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth as sth formally declare (sth), esp in writing or on a printed document （尤指书面）证明（某事物）: a document certifying sb's birth 证明某人出生的文件 * He certified (that) it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹. * The accused has been certified (as) insane/certified to be insane. 被告有书面证明为精神失常.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] officially declare (sb) to be insane 正式证明（某人）精神失常: He was certified and sent to a mental hospital. 他经诊断为精神失常而送往精神病院./ˈsɜːtɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `sɝtəˌtud/ n [U] (fml 文) feeling of certainty; lack of doubt 确信; 确定无疑./səːˈvaɪkl; <i>US</i> ˈsɜːvɪkl; `sɝvɪkl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or relating to the cervix 子宫颈的; 与子宫颈有关的: cervical cancer 子宫颈癌 * a cervical smear, ie one taken from the cervix to test for cancer 子宫颈涂片（取自子宫颈的涂片, 用以检验子宫颈癌）./ˈsɜːvɪks; `sɝvɪks/ n (pl cervices/ 5s\:vIsi:z;`s[vE9siz/ or  ~es/ -vIksIz; -vIksIz/) (anatomy 解) narrow part of the womb where it joins the vagina 子宫颈. =>illus at female 见female之插图.= caesarean./seˈseɪʃn; sɛ`seʃən/ n [U, C] (fml 文) action or act of ceasing; pause 停止; 中止; 中断: The bombardment continued without cessation. 轰炸持续不断地进行着. * a temporary cessation of hostilities 暂时停战./ˈseʃn; `sɛʃən/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] action of ceding sth, esp land or rights 让与或割让某事物（尤指土地或权利）. (b) [C] thing that is ceded, esp land 被割让的事物（尤指土地）./ˈsespɪt; `sɛsˌpɪt/ (also cesspool/ 5sespu:l;`sZs9pul/) n  1 covered pit where liquid waste or sewage is stored temporarily （有盖的）污水坑, 粪坑.  2 (fig 比喻) dirty or corrupt place 污秽的场所: a cesspool of vice 罪恶的渊薮./ˌsiː iː ˈtiː; ˌsi i `ti/ abbr 缩写 = Central European Time 欧洲中部时间./ˌsiː ˈef; ˌsi `ɛf/ abbr 缩写 = compare (Latin confer) 参看; 试比较（源自拉丁文confer）. Cf 参看 cp./ˌsiː ef ˈiː; ˌsi ɛf `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) College of Further Education 进修学院.abbr 缩写 = chapter(1): the Gospel of St John ch 9 v 4  《圣约翰福音》第9章第4节./ˈtʃɑː tʃɑː; `tʃɑtʃɑ/ (also ,cha-cha-`cha) n (~s) ballroom dance performed with small steps and swaying hip movements 恰恰舞（一种小步摆臀的交际舞）: dance/do the cha-cha 跳恰恰舞./ˈʃæbliː; ʃæ`bli/ n [U] dry white wine from E France 沙布利白葡萄酒（产自法国东部的无甜味白葡萄酒）./tʃeɪf; tʃef/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/under sth) become irritated or impatient (because of sth) （因某事物）恼怒或不耐烦: The passengers sat chafing at the long delay. 乘客们因长时间的耽搁而坐得很不耐烦. * chafe under an illness 因病而烦躁.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sore by rubbing （使某物）因摩擦而疼痛: Her skin chafes easily. 她的皮肤一擦就疼. * His shirt collar chafed his neck. 他的衬衫领口把脖子摩疼了. * chafed hands 摩疼的手.  3 [Tn] warm (sth) by rubbing, esp with the hands 摩擦（某物）而生热（尤指手）: chafe a baby's feet 擦热婴儿的脚.

n sore place on the skin caused by rubbing （皮肤受摩擦的）疼处./tʃɑːf; <i>US</i> tʃæf; tʃæf/ n [U]  1 outer covering of corn, etc, separated from the grain by threshing or winnowing 谷物的皮谷. Cf 参看 husk.  2 hay or straw cut up as food for cattle （切碎作饲料用的）乾草, 草料.  3 (idm 习语) separate the wheat from the chaff => separate2.

/tʃɑːf; <i>US</i> tʃæf; tʃæf/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) tease sb in a good-natured way （善意地）戏弄某人, 开某人的玩笑: They chaffed him about his love-life. 他们拿他的爱情生活开玩笑.

n [U] good-natured teasing or joking （善意的）戏弄或玩笑./ˈtʃæfɪntʃ; `tʃæfɪntʃ/ n common type of European finch 苍头燕雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv./ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ dɪʃ; `tʃefɪŋ dɪʃ/ n (dated 旧) pan with a heater underneath it for cooking food or keeping it warm at table （在餐桌上烹饪或使食物保温的）火锅./ˈʃægrɪn; <i>US</i> ʃəˈgriːn; ʃə`ˇrɪn/ n [U] feeling of disappointment or annoyance (at having failed, made a mistake, etc) （因失败、犯错等）失望, 灰心, 懊恼: Much to his chagrin, he came last in the race. 他因跑个倒数第一而垂头丧气.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] affect (sb) with chagrin 使（某人）懊恼, 悔恨: be/feel chagrined at/by sth 对[因]某事物而[感到]懊恼./tʃeɪn; tʃen/ n  1 (a) [C, U] (length of) connected metal links or rings, used for hauling or supporting weights or for fastening or restraining things 链子; 链条: keep a dog on a chain 用链子把狗拴住 * pull the chain, ie to flush the toilet 拉链子（冲抽水马桶） * Remember to put the chain on the door when you lock it. 锁门时别忘挂防盗链. * a length of chain 一截链条. (b) [C] length or loop of chain used for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）一截或一圈链条: a bicycle chain, ie for transmitting power from the pedals to the wheels 自行车链条 * The mayor wore her chain of office round her neck. 市长戴带着象徵她官职的项链儿. * She wore a locket hanging on a silver chain. 她戴着银项链儿, 坠着个挂盒. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fig 比喻) thing that confines or restrains 束缚或限制的事物: the chains of poverty 贫困的桎梏.  3 [C] series of connected things 一系列的事物: a chain of mountains/a mountain chain 连绵的山[山脉] * a chain of circumstances, events, ideas 一系列的情况、事件、意见.  4 [C] group of shops or hotels owned by the same company 同一公司所属的商店或旅店; 联号: a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 超级市场联号.  5 [C] (formerly) unit of length (66 feet) for measuring land （旧时）测链（测量土地的长度单位, 等于66英尺）. =>App 5 见附录5.  6 (idm 习语) in chains (a) (of a prisoner) bound with chains （指囚犯）用链锁住的. (b) not free; kept as a prisoner 不自由; 被囚禁.

v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (to sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (up) fasten or confine sb/sth with or as if with a chain 用链子或像用链子一样拴住或束缚住某人[某事物]: prisoners chained to a wall, each other 用链子锁在墙上、互相锁住的囚犯 * chain (up) a dog for the night 晚上用链子把狗拴起来 * (fig 比喻) Too many women feel chained to the kitchen sink, ie feel that they spend all their time doing housework. 很多妇女觉得自己被拴了在厨房的洗涤槽上.(a) chemical change forming products which themselves cause more changes so that new compounds are produced 连锁反应. (b) series of events each of which causes the next 连锁式反应的一系列事件: The Government fear the strike may produce a chain reaction in other industries. 政府害怕罢工可能在其他行业产生连锁反应.n (US) group of prisoners chained together or forced to work in chains 用链子拴在一起的囚犯.n letter sent to several people each of whom is asked to make copies of it and send them to other people who will do the same 连锁信（寄给数人的信, 要求每个收信人复制数份再分寄给他人, 如此延续下去）.n [U] armour made of metal rings linked together 锁子甲.n saw with teeth set on an endless chain and driven by a motor 链锯.v [I, Tn] smoke (cigarettes or cigars) continuously, esp by lighting each from the one just smoked 一枝接一枝不断地吸（香烟或雪茄）. n.n (a) [U] (in crochet or embroidery) type of sewing in which each stitch makes a loop through which the next stitch is taken （钩针或刺绣织品的）链状工艺. (b) [C] stitch made in this way 链状针脚.n any of a series of similar shops owned by the same company 联号（同一公司所属的一系列类似商店之一）./tʃeə(r); tʃɛr/ n  1 [C] moveable seat with a back and sometimes with arms, for one person to sit on 椅子: a table and chairs 桌子和椅子 * Have/Take a chair, ie Sit down. 入座[就座]（坐下）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 the chair [sing] (position of the) person in charge of a meeting 主持会议的主席（的席位或职位）: She takes the chair in all our meetings. 她担任我们一切会议的主席. * Who is in the chair today? 今天谁当主席? * All remarks should be addressed to the chair. 所有意见均应向主席提出.  3 [C] position of a university professor; professorship 大学教授的职位: He holds the chair of philosophy at Oxford. 他任牛津大学哲学教授.  4 the chair [sing] (US infml 口) = the electric chair (electric).

v  1 [Tn] act as chairman of (sth) 担任（某事务）的主席: chair a meeting 主持会议.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (Brit) carry (sb who has won sth) in a sitting position on the shoulders of a group 扛着（得胜者）（坐在人们的肩上）: The winning team chaired their captain off the field. 获胜的队扛着队长走出场地.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The affix -man is used in a lot of words (eg chairman) to indicate positions and occupations which today are filled by both women and men. *-man这一词缀用于很多词中（如chairman主席）, 所指的职位和职务今日男女均可充任. To avoid sexual bias and unnecessary repetition (chairman or chairwoman) -person can be used 为免除性别偏颇和不必要的重复（chairman or chairwoman）, 可用-person这一词缀: chairperson, spokesperson, business person, etc 主席、发言人、商人等. Chair is increasingly used to mean chairman or chairwoman *chair一词逐渐多用作主席, 男女均可: She was the chair of the planning committee. 她曾任计划委员会主席.n series of chairs suspended from an endless cable for carrying people up and down a mountain, etc 架空吊椅（运送人上山下山等用的一系列循环吊椅）./-mən; -mən/ (pl -men, fem 阴性作 `chairwoman)  1 person in charge of a meeting （主持会议的）主席: `Madam Chairman, ladies and gentlemen,' began the speaker. 发言人开始讲话: ｀主席、女士们、先生们＇.  2 permanent president of a committee, board of directors of a company, etc （委员会、公司董事会等的）委员长, 董事长, 主席: chairman of the board of governors (of a school) （学校的）理事会会长 * the chairman's report, ie the annual report of a company, presented at its annual general meeting （公司在年会上作出的）年度报告.n chairman or chairwoman （男或女）主席./ˌʃeɪz ˈlɒŋ; <i>US</i> ˈlɔːŋ; `ʃez `lɔŋ/ (pl chaises longues/ 9FeIz 5lCN; ?@ 5lR:N; `Fez `lRN/) (French 法) low chair with a long seat on which the person sitting can stretch out his legs 躺椅.

/ˌʃeɪz ˈlɒŋ; <i>US</i> ˈlɔːŋ; `ʃez `lɔŋ/ (pl chaises longues / 9FeIz 5lCN; ?@ 5lR:N; `Fez `lRN/) (French 法) low chair with a long seat on which the person sitting can stretch out his legs 躺椅./ˈʃæleɪ; ʃæ`le/ n  1 (esp in Switzerland) type of mountain hut or cottage built of wood and with an overhanging roof （尤指瑞士山区的）小木屋. =>illus 见插图.  2 house built in a similar style （类似这种形式的）房屋.  3 small hut in a holiday camp, etc （度假等用的）小屋./ˈtʃælɪs; `tʃælɪs/ n large cup for holding wine, esp one from which consecrated wine is drunk at the Eucharist 大酒杯; （尤指）圣餐杯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii./tʃɔːk; tʃɔk/ n  1 [U] type of soft white rock used for burning to make lime 白垩: [attrib 作定语] the chalk downs of southern England 英格兰南部的白垩质高地.  2 (a) [U] this or a similar substance made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing on blackboards 制造白色或彩色粉笔的白垩或类似的物质: a stick of chalk 一枝粉笔 * a picture drawn in chalk 粉笔画 * a teacher with chalk on his jacket 外衣上有粉笔末的教师 * [attrib 作定语] chalk dust 粉笔末. (b) [C] one of these sticks 粉笔: (a box of) coloured chalks （一盒）彩色粉笔.  3 (idm 习语) different as chalk and/from cheese => different. not by a long chalk/shot => long1.

v  1 [I, Tn] write, draw or mark (sth) with chalk 用粉笔写、画、涂（某物）.  2 (phr v) chalk sth out draw (the outline of sth) with chalk 用粉笔画（某物的轮廓）: The boys chalked out goalposts on the playground wall. 男孩子们在运动场的墙上用粉笔画上了球门柱. chalk sth up (infml 口) (a) write sth with chalk, esp on a blackboard （尤指在黑板上）用粉笔写: chalk up one's score, eg when playing darts 用粉笔写出自己得的分数（如玩投镖游戏时）. (b) achieve or register (a success) 获得或取得（成功）: The team has chalked up its fifth win in a row. 这队一连五次取得胜利. chalk sth up (to sb/sth) give credit (to sb or sb's account) for sth, esp drinks, etc bought in a pub （尤指在小酒店买饮品等）记（某人的帐）: Chalk this round up to me, please, barman. 服务员, 请把这些人的费用记在我的帐上.n = blackboard (black1).n [U].adj (-ier, -iest) of or like chalk 白垩的; 似白垩的. /ˈtʃælɪndʒ; `tʃælɪndʒ/ n  1 ~ (to sb) (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etc 约请或要（某人）参加比赛、竞赛、战斗等以证明谁更好、更强、更能干等; 邀请比赛; 挑战: issue/accept a challenge 发出[接受]挑战.  2 order given by a sentry to stop and say who one is 哨兵发出的止步命令, 并问来者是谁: The sentry gave the challenge, `Who goes there?' 哨兵查问: 谁在那儿?  3 ~ (to sth) statement or action which questions or disputes (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑或争论的言论或行为异议; 质问; 怀疑: a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority 对首相的权威性郑重提出的异议.  4 difficult, demanding or stimulating task 艰巨的、高难度的或有激励性的任务: She likes her job to be a challenge. 她喜欢艰巨的工作. * Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government. 缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要难题之一.  5 formal objection, eg to a member of a jury 正式的反对（如反对陪审团的一个成员）.

/ˈtʃælɪndʒ; `tʃælɪndʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) invite sb to do sth (esp to take part in a contest or to prove or justify sth) 要求某人做某事（尤指参加竞赛或证明某事正当）: challenge sb to a duel, a game of tennis 要求某人参加决斗、网球赛 * She challenged the newspaper to prove its story. 她要求这家报纸证实报道的真实性.  2 [Tn] order (sb) to stop and say who he is 命令（某人）停步并说出是谁; 问口令: The sentry challenged the stranger at the gates. 哨兵查问在门口的陌生人.  3 [Tn] question the truth, rightness or validity of (sth); dispute 怀疑（某事）的真实性、正确性或有效性; 提出异议: challenge sb's authority/right to do sth 怀疑某人是否有权力[权利]做某事 * challenge a claim, an assertion, a verdict 对某要求、主张、判决质疑 * This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项新的发现对传统观念提出了异议.  4 [Tn] test the ability of (sb); stimulate 考验（某人）的能力; 激励; 鞭策: The job doesn't really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正考验 他.  5 [Tn] make a formal objection to (esp a member of a jury) 宣布反对（尤指陪审团某成员）.n person who challenges, esp in sport 提出竞争要求的人（尤指体育运动中）; 挑战者.adj offering problems that test sb's ability; stimulating （为考验某人的能力）提出难题的; 激励的; 挑战的: a challenging job, test, assignment, etc 激励人的工作、考验、任务等./ˈtʃeɪmbə(r); `tʃembɚ/ n  1 [C] (formerly) room, esp a bedroom （旧时）房间, （尤指）寝室.  2 chambers [pl] (a) judge's room for hearing cases that do not need to be taken into court 法官的办公室（用以审理不需要提出诉讼的案件）. (b) (Brit) set of rooms in a larger building, esp the offices in the Inns of Court used by barristers for interviewing clients, etc 大建筑物中的成套房间; （尤指法律协会的）办公室（讼务律师用以接待委托人等的）.  3 [C, CGp] (hall used by an) administrative or legislative assembly, eg one of the houses of a parliament 行政或立法机构（用的大厅）（如议会的会议厅）: The members left the council chamber. 议员们离开了会议厅. * the Upper/Lower Chamber, eg (in Britain) the House of Lords/Commons 上[下]议院（如英国的上[下]议院）.  4 [C] (a) enclosed space or cavity in the body of an animal, in a plant or in some kinds of machinery （动植物体内或某些机器中封闭的）洞穴, 腔, 室: the chambers of the heart, ie the auricle and the ventricle 心腔（心房与心室） * a combustion chamber 燃烧室. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (b) enclosed space under the ground 地下的封闭空间; 洞穴: The cavers discovered a vast underground chamber. 探穴人发现了一个地下大洞穴.  5 [C] part of a gun that holds the bullets 枪膛; 炮膛.concert of chamber music 室内乐音乐会.music written for a small group of players (eg a string quartet) 为小乐队演奏谱写的乐曲（如弦乐四重奏）; 室内乐.group of businessmen organized to promote local commercial interests 商会.place full of horrifying things, eg the room of criminals in Madame Tussaud's waxworks 充满恐怖事物的地方（如图索德夫人蜡像馆中的罪犯塑像室）.small orchestra, esp one that performs baroque and early classical music 室内乐队（尤指表演巴罗克风格的作品和早期经典乐曲的小乐队）.n pottery vessel for urine, used in bedrooms 尿壶; 尿盆; 尿桶./ˈtʃeɪmbəlɪn; `tʃembɚlɪn/ n (formerly) official who managed the household of a monarch or nobleman （旧时）管理君主或贵族家务的人员; 管家.n woman whose job is cleaning and tidying bedrooms, usu in a hotel 以打扫和整理卧室为工作的妇女（通常指旅馆中的）; 女服务员; 女侍./kəˈmiːlɪən; kə`milɪən/ n  1 any of various types of small lizard that can change colour according to its surroundings 避役（能变色的小蜥蜴）; 变色龙.  2 (fig 比喻) person who changes his behaviour or opinions to suit the situation 改变行为或看法以适应情况的人./ˈʃæmwɑː; <i>US</i> ˈʃæmɪ; `ʃæmɪ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of small antelope living in the mountains of Europe and Asia （欧洲和亚洲山区的）小羚羊.n (a) [U] soft leather made from the skin of goats, sheep, deer, etc （由山羊、绵羊、鹿等的皮制成的）软皮革. (b) [C] piece of this 软皮革: polish the car with a shammy 用软皮擦汽车.= camomile./tʃæmp; tʃæmp/ v  1 [I, Tn] (esp of horses) chew (food) noisily （尤指马）大声嚼（食物）.  2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at/on) sth (of horses) bite at sth nervously or impatiently （指马）急躁地或不耐烦地咬某物: horses champing at the bit 咬着嚼子的马.  3 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at sth) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) be eager or impatient, esp to begin sth 急切或不耐烦（尤指开始做某事物）: He was champing with rage at the delay. 他对这一延误着急上火. * The boys were champing to start. 男孩儿们恨不得马上就出发.  4 (idm 习语) ,champ at the `bit (infml 口) be restlessly impatient to start doing sth 迫不及待要做某事.

/tʃæmp; tʃæmp/ n (infml 口) = champion 2./ʃæmˈpeɪn; ʃæm`pen/ n  1 [C, U] (any of various types of) sparkling white wine from E France 香槟酒: a ,glass of cham`pagne 一杯香槟酒 * [attrib 作定语] ,champagne `cocktails 香槟鸡尾酒.  2 [U] colour of this; pale straw colour 香槟酒的颜色; 淡草色; 淡黄色./ˈtʃæmpɪən; `tʃæmpɪən/ n  1 person, team, animal or plant that has defeated or excelled all others in a competition 冠军; 优胜者: a chess champion 国际象棋冠军 * The English football team were world champions in 1966. 英格兰足球队是1966年的世界冠军. * the heavyweight (boxing) champion of the world 重量级（拳击）世界冠军 * [attrib 作定语] a champion swimmer, horse, marrow 优胜的游泳运动员、马、西葫芦.  2 person who fights, argues or speaks in support of another or of a cause(3) 支持他人或某一事业而进行战斗、辩护或解释说明的人; 斗士; 拥护者: a champion of the poor/of women's rights 穷苦人的[妇女权利的]卫士.

v [Tn] support the cause of (sb/sth); defend vigorously 支持（某人[某事物]）的事业; 维护; 卫护: champion the cause of gay rights 维护同性恋权利.n  1 [C often pl 常作复数] contest to decide who is the champion 锦标赛: win the world championship 赢得世界冠军 * The European championships are being held in Rome. 欧洲锦标赛正在罗马举行. * [attrib 作定语] a championship medal 冠军奖章.  2 [C] position of being a champion 冠军地位: The championship is ours. 冠军是我们的. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport.  3 [U] vigorous support 有力的支持: her championship of our cause 她对我们事业的有力支持./tʃɑːns; <i>US</i> tʃæns; tʃæns/ n  1 [U] way in which things happen without any cause that can be seen or understood; luck; fortune 无任何可见到的或可了解的原因而发生的情况; 机会; 运气: Chance plays a big part in many board games. 在许多棋类游戏中, 大多靠碰运气取胜. * It was (pure) chance our meeting in Paris/that we met in Paris. 我们在巴黎相遇（纯）属巧合. * trust to chance 凭机会; 碰运气 * leave nothing to chance, ie take great care in planning sth to reduce the chance of bad luck 不靠运气（极仔细地计划某事物以减少不利的可能性） * a game of chance, ie one decided by luck, not skill 靠碰运气的游戏 * [attrib 作定语] a chance meeting, encounter, occurrence, happening, etc 巧遇、偶然相遇、偶发事件、偶然发生的事.  2 ~ of (doing) sth/to do sth/that... [C, U] possibility; likelihood 可能性: Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight's performance? 有可能得到今晚演出的票吗? * What are the chances of his coming? 他来的可能性有多大? * She has a good chance/no chance/not much chance/only a slim chance of winning. 她大有希望[没有可能/没什么希望/只有些微的可能]获胜. * What chance of success do we have? 我们成功的把握有多大? * There's a faint chance that you'll find him at home. 在他家里找到他的可能性很小.  3 [C] ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) occasion when success seems very probable; opportunity 很有可能成功的时机; 机会: It was the chance she had been waiting for. 这就是她一直等待的机会. * You won't get another chance of going there. 你没有再到那里去的机会了. * Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我个机会让我解释一下. * You'd be a fool to ignore a chance like that. 你放弃掉那样的机会可太蠢了. * This is your big chance! ie your best opportunity of success. 这是你的大好机会! =>Usage at opportunity 用法见opportunity.  4 [C] risk; gamble 冒险; 赌博: This road may not be the one we want  but that's a chance we're going to have to take. 我们要走的并不是这条路--但我们还是要冒险试一试.  5 [C] unplanned event, esp a lucky one; accident 意外事件; （尤指）机会; 机遇: By a happy chance a policeman was passing as I was attacked. 在我受到攻击时, 幸好有个警察经过.  6 (idm 习语) as ,chance would `have it by coincidence; as it happens 凑巧; 碰巧: As chance would have it he was going to London as well and was able to give me a lift. 赶巧他也去伦敦, 所以能载我一程. by `any chance perhaps; possibly 或许; 可能: Would you by any chance have change for 5? 你能找换5英镑的零钱吗? by `chance by accident; accidentally; unintentionally 偶然地; 意外地; 非有意地: I met her quite by chance. 我遇见她完全是偶然的. a cat in hell's chance => cat1. `chance would be a fine thing (infml 口) I would like to do sth but will never have an opportunity to do it 愿作某事但永远没有机会去作. the chances are (that)... (infml 口) it is likely that... 很可能...: The chances are that she'll be coming. 很可能她要来. an even chance => even1. even chances/odds/money => even1. a fighting chance => fight1. give sb/sth half a `chance give sb/sth some opportunity of being or doing sth 给某人[某事物]一些机会去成为或去做某事物: She's keen and I'm sure she'll succeed given half a chance. 她聪明机智, 只要有点儿机会我肯定她会成功. have an eye for/on/to the main chance => eye1. no chance (infml 口) there is no possibility of that 没有可能; 没有希望. not have a chance/hope in hell => hell. on the (off) chance (of doing sth/that...) in the hope of sth happening, although it is unlikely 希望某事发生（虽然可能性不大）; 抱（一线）希望: I didn't think you'd be at home, but I just called on the `off chance. 我想你不会在家的, 只是抱着一线希望给你打个电话. a sporting chance => sporting. stand a chance (of sth/of doing sth) have a chance of (achieving) sth 有（完成）某事物的希望; 有达到某目的的机会: He stands a (good/fair) chance of passing the examination. 他考试及格（大[很]）有希望. take a `chance (on sth) attempt to do sth, in spite of the possibility of failure; take a risk 试图做成某事物（虽然有失败的可能性）; 冒险; 碰运气. take `chances behave riskily 冒险: You should never take chances when driving a car. 开车时决不应冒险. take one's `chance profit as much as one can from one's opportunities 从自己的机遇中尽量取得利益.

/tʃɑːns; <i>US</i> tʃæns; tʃæns/ v  1 (fml 文) happen by chance 偶然发生; 碰巧: She chanced to be in/It chanced that she was in when he called. 他打电话时碰巧她在家. =>Usage at appear 用法见appear.  2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) risk (sth) 冒（某事的）险: `Take an umbrella.' `No  I'll chance it (ie risk getting wet).' ｀带着雨伞吧.＇ ｀不带了--豁出去了（可能被淋湿）.＇ * We'll have to chance meeting an enemy patrol. 我们不得不冒着可能遇上敌人巡逻兵的危险.  3 (idm 习语) ,chance one's `arm (infml 口) take a risk, although it is likely that one will fail （尽管可能失败）仍冒险试一试.  4 (phr v) chance on sb/sth (fml 文) happen to meet sb or find sth 偶然遇见某人; 偶然发现某事物./ˈtʃɑːnsl; <i>US</i> ˈtʃænsl; `tʃænsl/ n part of a church near the altar, used by the priests and the choir 圣坛（教堂中靠近祭坛部分, 供牧师和唱诗班用）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii./ˈtʃɑːnsələrɪ; <i>US</i> ˈtʃæns-; `tʃænsələrɪ/ n  1 [C] position, department or official residence of a chancellor 大臣的职位、部门或官邸.  2 [Gp] staff in a chancellor's department 大臣部门中的全体工作人员.  3 [C] office where business is done in an embassy or a consulate 大使馆或领事馆的办事处./ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r); <i>US</i> ˈtʃæns-; `tʃænsəlɚ/ n  1 head of government in Austria etc （奥地利等国的）总理, 首相.  2 (Brit) honorary head of some universities （某些大学的）名誉校长: chancellor of London University 伦敦大学的名誉校长.  3 State or law official of various kinds 政府的或司法的各类官员: the Lord Chancellor, ie the highest judge (and chairman of the House of Lords) 大法官（及上议院议长）.(Brit) cabinet minister responsible for finance 财政大臣./ˈtʃɑːnsərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈtʃænsərɪ; `tʃænsərɪ/ n  1 (Brit) Lord Chancellor's division of the High Court of Justice 高等法院的大法官法院.  2 (US) court that settles cases according to general principles of justice and fairness not covered by the law; court of equity 衡平法院（以正义公平即衡平为总原则, 审理不属普通法范围的案件的法院）.  3 office where public records are kept 档案馆; 档案室.  4 (idm 习语) ward in chancery => ward.adj./ˈtʃɑːnsɪ; `tʃænsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) risky; uncertain 冒险的; 不确定的: a chancy business 冒险的生意. /ˌʃændəˈlɪə(r); ˌʃændl`ɪr/ n ornamental hanging light with branches for several bulbs or candles 枝形吊灯（有分枝的装饰吊灯, 可装几盏灯或蜡烛）./ˈtʃɑːndlə(r); <i>US</i> ˈtʃænd-; `tʃændlɚ/ n (also ship's chandler) dealer in ropes, canvas and other supplies for ships 船用杂货商（经售绳索、帆布及其他船用物品的商人）./tʃeɪndʒ; tʃendʒ/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become different; alter （使某人[某事物]）变; 改变: You've changed a lot since I last saw you. 自从我上次见到你以来, 你改变了很多. * Our plans have changed. 我们的计划已经改变了. * change one's attitude, ideas, opinion, etc 改变态度、主意、意见等 * an event which changed the course of history 改变历史进程的事件. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) to/into sth (cause sb/sth to) pass from one form to another （使某人[某事物]）改变形式: Caterpillars change into butterflies or moths. 毛虫能变成蝴蝶或蛾子. * The witch changed the prince into a frog. 巫婆把王子变成了青蛙. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from A) (to/into B) (cause sb/sth to) pass from one stage to another （使某人[某事物]）进入另一阶段: The traffic lights have changed (from red to green). 交通灯由红灯变绿灯了. * Britain changed to a metric system of currency in 1970. 1970年英国已改用公制货币.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) take or use another instead of sb/sth; replace sb/sth with another 替换或代替某人[某事物]: change one's doctor 另找一位医生看病 * change one's job 换一份工作 * change one's address, ie move to a new home 更改地址 * change a light bulb 换个灯泡 * change gear, ie engage a different gear in a car, etc in order to travel at a higher or lower speed 换挡（汽车等换另一排挡, 以加速或减速行车） * I must change these trousers (ie put on a clean pair)  they've got oil on them. 我必须换换裤子（换一条乾净的）--上面弄上油了. * I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one. 我正在考虑换辆大汽车. (b) [Tn] move from one (thing, direction, etc) to another; switch 转换, 转变（事物、方向等）: change sides, eg in a war, debate, etc 转变立场（如在战争、辩论中等） * The ship changed course, ie began to travel in a different direction. 轮船改变了航向. * The wind has changed direction. 风向变了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (used with a pl object 与复数宾语连用) (of two people) exchange (positions, places, etc) （指两人）交换（位置、地方等）: Can we change seats?/Can I change seats with you? 咱们可以换换座位吗? [我可以和你换个座位吗?] (d) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth to sth) go from one (train, bus, etc) to another 换乘（火车、公共汽车等）: Change (trains) at Crewe for Stockport. 在克鲁换（火）车到斯托克波特去. * This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方. * All change! ie This train stops here; everyone must leave it. 所有乘客全部换车! （本次列车已到终点站, 所有乘客均须下车.） (e) [Tn] put different clothes or covering on (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）换上衣服或覆盖物: change (ie put a clean nappy on) the baby 给婴儿换尿布 * change (ie put clean sheets on) the beds 换床单.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (out of sth) (into sth) take off one's clothes and put others on 换衣服; 更衣: go upstairs to change 到楼上换衣服 * change (ie into more formal clothes) for dinner 换上宴会服 * Go and change out of those damp clothes into something dry. 去把湿衣服脱掉换上乾的.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for/into sth) give or receive (money) in exchange for the equivalent sum in coins or notes of smaller value or in a different currency 兑换（钱）: Can you change a five-pound note? 你能换开五英镑的票子吗? * I need to change my dollars into francs. 我需要把美金换成法郎.  6 (idm 习语) change `hands pass into another person's possession 归另一人所有; 转手: The house has changed hands several times recently. 这房子最近几经转手. change/swap horses in midstream => horse. change one's/sb's `mind alter one's decision or opinion 改变决定或意见: Nothing will make me change my mind. 任何事情都不能使我改变主意. change `places (with sb) (of two people, groups, etc) exchange positions, seats, etc （指两人、组等）交换地位、座位等: Let me change places with you/Let's change places so you can be next to the window. 我和你换换地方吧[咱们换换地方吧, 这样你就能靠近窗户]. change one's spots (try to) be or do sth that is against one's nature （试图）违反本性或做违反本性的事; 改变本性. change step adjust one's step when marching so that one is marching in the correct rhythm 行军时调整步伐跟上节奏. ,change the `subject start talking about sth different 开始谈其他的事; 改变话题. ,change one's `tune (infml 口) alter one's manner or attitude, eg becoming humble instead of insolent 改变举止或态度（如前倨後恭）. change one's ways start to live one's life differently, esp in order to suit changed circumstances 开始过另一种生活（尤指为适应环境的改变）. chop and change => chop3.  7 (phr v) change back (into sb/sth) return to one's earlier form, character, etc 回复到原来的样子、特性等: Cats can never change back into kittens. 老猫绝变不成小猫. change back (into sth) take off one's clothes and put on others that one was wearing earlier 换上原来穿的衣物: Can I change back into my jeans now? 现在我能换上原来穿的牛仔裤了吗? change sth back (into sth) give back (money) and receive the equivalent sum in the original currency 将（钱）换成原来的货币: change back francs into dollars 将法郎换成原来的美元. ,change `down engage a lower gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成低挡. ,change `over (from sth) (to sth) change from one system or position to another 改变制度或地位: The country has changed over from military to democratic rule. 这个国家已经由军事统治转变为民主领导. ,change `up engage a higher gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成高挡.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Change has a general use and indicates any act of making something different *change的词义很广, 表示使某事物改变的任何作用: Most English women change their names when they marry. 英国妇女大多因结婚而改姓. *  He changed the design of the house completely. 他完全更改了房屋的设计. Alter indicates the making of a small difference in the appearance, character, use, etc of something *alter表示使某事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变: I'll have to alter the diagram. I've made a mistake. 我得修改图表. 我出了点儿错. Modify is more formal. *modify一词较文. When applied to objects, especially machines, it suggests a partial change in structure or function 用于物体时, 尤指用于机器时, 表示结构或功能的部分改变: The car has been modified for racing. 这辆汽车已改装为赛车. It can also indicate the softening of attitudes, opinions, etc 这个词还可表示态度、意见等的软化: He'll have to modify his views if he wants to be elected. 他要想当选就得把观点改得缓和些. Vary describes the changing of something or its parts, often temporarily and repeatedly *vary所指某事物或其部分的改变常为暂时的或反覆的: It's better to vary your diet rather than eat the same things all the time. 你最好变换一下饮食, 不要总吃同样的东西. All these verbs (except modify) can also be used intransitively 所有这些动词（除modify外）还均可用作不及物动词: Her expression changed when she heard the news. 她听到这一消息时表情就变了. *  This place hasn't altered since I was a girl. 从我幼时起, 这地方就没发生过变化. *  Political opinions vary according to wealth, age, etc. 政治见解因财富、年龄等不同而有所区别.

/tʃeɪndʒ; tʃendʒ/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (in/to sth) (act of) making or becoming different; alteration 变化（的行动）; 改变; 变更; 变动: a change in the weather 天气的变化 * There has been a change in the programme. 节目有变动. * The Government plans to make important changes to the tax system. 政府计划对税收制度作重大改变. * Doctors say there is no change in the patient's condition. 医生说病人的情况没有变化. * Are you for or against change? 你赞同还是反对改动?  2 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) act of changing one thing for another 从一事物改换成另一事物的行动: a change of job 换工作 * Please note my change of address. 请注意我改换了地址. * The party needs a change of leader. 这个党需要更换领袖. * This is the third change of government the country has seen in two years. 这次是国家两年来的第三次政府更替. (b) thing used in place of another or others 替代物: Don't forget to take a change of (ie a second set of) clothes. 不要忘记带着替换的衣服.  3 [C] ~ (from sth) (to sth) (a) act of going from one train or bus to another 换车; 转车: He had to make a quick change at Crewe. 他得在克鲁迅速换车. (b) changed or different routine, occupation or surroundings 改换後的或另一路线、职业或环境: a welcome change from town to country life 从城市到乡村生活的喜人变化 * She badly needs a change. 她亟须改变一下.  4 [U] (a) coins or notes of lower values equivalent to a single coin or note of a higher value 辅币: Can you give me/Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你能否给我[你有没有]五英镑的辅币? (b) coins of low value 低值硬币: I've no small change. 我没有零钱. (c) money returned when the price of sth is less than the amount given in payment 找回的钱; 找给的钱: Don't forget your change! 不要忘了找你的钱! * 25p change 找给25便士.  5 (idm 习语) a change for the `better/`worse improvement/worsening of sth that already exists or that has gone before 现有的或曾有过的某事物的改善[变坏]: The situation is now so bad that any change is likely to be a change for the better. 目前情况恶劣, 只要有变化就是向好处变. a ,change of `air/`climate different conditions or surroundings 换换条件或环境: A change of air (eg a holiday away from home) will do you good. 换换环境（如离家度假）对你有好处. a ,change of `heart great change in one's attitude or feelings, esp towards greater friendliness or co-operation 态度或感情的巨大变化（尤指对增进友好或合作关系）. the ,change of `life (euph 婉) = menopause. for a `change to vary one's routine; for the sake of variety 为了改变常规; 为了有变化: We usually go to France in the summer, but this year we're going to Spain for a change. 我们夏天通常去法国, 但今年为了换个地方我们去西班牙. get no change out of sb (infml 口) receive no help, information, etc from sb 从某人处得不到帮助、信息等. ring the changes => ring2.n change from one system to another 制度的改变: a peaceful change-over to civilian rule 和平地转变为文官统治./ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl; ˌtʃendʒə`bl/ adj  1 tending to change; often changing 易变的; 常变的: a changeable person, mood 喜怒无常的人、情绪 * changeable weather 多变的天气.  2 that can be changed 能被改变的.adj never changing 从不改变的./ˈtʃeɪndʒlɪŋ; `tʃendʒlɪŋ/ n child or thing believed to have been secretly substituted for another （据信是被偷换了的）儿童, 东西./ˈtʃænl; `tʃænl/ n  1 [C] (a) sunken bed of a river, stream or canal 河床. (b) passage along which a liquid may flow （液体的）通道.  2 [C] navigable part of a stretch of water, deeper than the parts on either side of it 航道: The channel is marked by buoys. 航道有浮标标明.  3 (a) [C] stretch of water joining two seas 海峡. (b) the Channel [sing] = the English Channel (English): [attrib 作定语] The Channel crossing was very calm. 这次横渡英吉利海峡风平浪静.  4 [C] (fig 比喻) any way by which news, information, etc may travel （新闻、信息等传递的）途径, 线路: Your complaint must be made through the proper channels. 你的意见必须通过正当途径投诉. * He has secret channels of information. 他有秘密的消息来源.  5 [C] (a) band of frequencies (frequency 2) used for broadcasting a particular set of radio or television programmes 频道. (b) particular television station 某电视台: What's your favourite channel? 你喜欢哪个电视台?

v (-ll-; US also -l-)  1 [Tn] form a channel or channels in (sth) 在（某物）上形成槽或沟: Deep grooves channelled the soft rock. 在软岩石上形成许多深槽.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] carry (sth) in a channel; direct 经水道运送（某物）; 引导: Water is channelled through a series of irrigation canals. 把水引入一系列灌溉渠中. * (fig 比喻) We must channel all our energies into the new scheme. 我们必须把一切精力都用到新的计划上./tʃɑːnt; tʃænt/ n  1 simple tune to which psalms or canticles are fitted by singing several syllables or words to the same note 圣歌.  2 words sung or shouted rhythmically and repeatedly （有节奏地、反覆地）唱的 或喊叫的词语: The team's supporters sang a victory chant. 拥护这个队的人有节奏地反覆喊着胜利的口号.

v [I, Tn]  1 sing or recite (a psalm, etc) as a chant （如圣歌般）歌唱或背诵（赞美诗等）: chant the liturgy 在礼拜仪式上唱圣歌.  2 sing or shout (sth) rhythmically and repeatedly （有节奏地、反覆地）唱或喊叫（某词语）: `We are the champions!' chanted the football fans. 足球迷们有节奏地反覆喊叫: ｀我们是冠军.＇=> chanty(US) = shanty./ˈkeɪɒs; `keɑs/ n [U] complete disorder or confusion 混乱; 紊乱: The burglars left the house in (a state of) chaos. 窃贼走後房屋中一片凌乱. * The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads. 因风雪交加道路上混乱不堪./keɪˈɒtɪk; ke`ɑtɪk/ adj in a state of chaos; completely disorganized 处于混乱状态的; 完全无秩序的: With no one to keep order the situation in the classroom was chaotic. 因无人维持秩序, 教室里一片混乱. /keɪˈɒtɪklɪ; ke`ɑtɪklɪ/ adv./tʃæp; tʃæp/ v (-pp-) (a) [I] (of the skin) become cracked, rough or sore （指皮肤）皲裂, 变粗糙, 疼痛: My skin soon chaps in cold weather. 我的皮肤在寒冷天气很快就裂了. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] cause (sth) to become cracked, rough or sore 使（某物）皲裂、变粗糙或疼痛: chapped lips 皲裂的嘴唇 * hands and face chapped by the cold 因寒冷而皲裂的手和脸.

n sore crack in the skin （皮肤上疼痛的）皲裂处, 裂口.

/tʃæp; tʃæp/ n (infml 口 esp Brit) man or boy; fellow 男子; 小伙子; 家伙: Be a good chap and open the door for me, would you? 好兄弟, 给我开开门行吗?

abbr 缩写 = chapter(1)./ˈtʃæpl; `tʃæpl/ n  1 [C] small building or room used for Christian worship, eg in a school, prison, large private house, etc （基督徒礼拜用的）小教堂或房间（如学校、监狱、私人大宅等中的）: a college chapel 学院小教堂 * Chapel is (ie Services in chapel are) at 8 o'clock. （小教堂的）礼拜在8点钟举行.  2 [C] separate part of a church or cathedral with its own altar, used for small services and private prayer 私人祈祷处（教堂或大教堂中有自己祭坛的独立部分, 用于小规模礼拜或私人祈祷）: a `Lady chapel, ie one dedicated to Mary, the mother of Jesus 圣母堂（供奉耶稣之母马利亚的礼拜堂）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  3 [C](Brit) place used for Christian worship by Nonconformists（非英国国教徒礼拜基督的）教堂: a Methodist `chapel 卫理公会教堂 * She goes to/attends chapel regularly. 她经常去新教徒教堂作礼拜. * (dated 旧) Are they church or chapel? ie Do they belong to the Anglican Church or to a Nonconformist denomination? 他们是英国国教徒还是非国教徒?  4 [CGp] (members of a) branch of a trade union in a newspaper office or printing house 报社或印刷厂工会（会员）: The chapel voted against a strike. 印刷工会投票反对罢工.  5 [C] (esp US) local branch of a club, society, etc 俱乐部、社团等的地方分部./ˈʃæpərəʊn; `ʃæpəˌron/ n (esp formerly) older person, usu a woman, who looks after a girl or a young unmarried woman on social occasions （尤指旧时）在社交场合照顾少女或未婚女子的年长者（通常为妇女）; 年长女伴; 保护人.

v [Tn] act as a chaperon for (sb) 当（某人的）年长女伴.n [U]./ˈtʃæplɪn; `tʃæplɪn/ n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school, prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces （学校、监狱、军队等的）教士: an army chaplain 随军教士. Cf 参看 padre.n position, period of office or house of a chaplain 随军教士的职位、任期或住所./ˈtʃæplɪt; `tʃæplɪt/ n  1 wreath of leaves, flowers, jewels, etc for the head 花冠（叶子、花、珠宝等做成的环, 用作头饰）.  2 short string of beads for counting prayers （祈祷时计数用的）短串珠./ˈtʃæptə(r); `tʃæptɚ/ n  1 [C] (abbrs 缩写 ch, chap) (usu numbered) division of a book （通常为编序的）（书中的）章, 篇, 回: I've just finished Chapter 3. 我刚看完第3章.  2 [C] period of time 时期: the most glorious chapter in our country's history 我国历史上最光辉的时期.  3 [Gp] (a) all the canons of a cathedral or the members of a monastery or convent 大教堂的全体教士或修道院或女修道院的全体成员. (b) [C] meeting of these 大教堂或修道院的会议.  4 (idm 习语) ,chapter and `verse exact reference to a passage or an authority; exact details of sth （某段或某权威论述的）准确出处; （某事物的）准确细节: I can't quote chapter and verse but I can give you the main points the author was making. 我无法引用确切的原文, 但是我可以告诉你作者所述的要点. a ,chapter of `accidents series or sequence of unfortunate events 一系列的或一连串的不幸事件./tʃɑː(r); tʃɑr/ v (-rr-) (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become black by burning; scorch （使某物）燃烧而变黑; 烧焦: charred wood 烧焦的木头. (b) [Tn] reduce (sth) to charcoal by burning 使（某物）燃烧成焦炭: the charred remains of the bonfire 营火的余烬.

/tʃɑːr; tʃɑr/ n (Brit) = charwoman.

v (-rr-) [I] work as a charwoman 做打杂女工.

/tʃɑː(r); tʃɑr/ n [U] (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) tea 茶: a cup of char 一杯茶./ˈʃærəbæŋ; `ʃærəˌbæŋ/ n (dated 旧 Brit) early type of bus with bench seats facing forward, used esp for pleasure trips 大型游览车（旧式公共汽车, 有面向前的板　, 尤用于游览）./ˈkærəktə(r); `kærɪktɚ/ n  1 [C] (a) mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc different from others （个人、集体、民族等特有的）品质, 特性: What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你从她的画法中看到她有什么个性? * His character is very different from his wife's. 他和他妻子的性格迥然不同. * The British character is often said to be phlegmatic. 英国人的性格常说成是冷漠的. (b) all those features that make a thing, a place, an event, etc what it is and different from others （事物、地方、事件等的）特点, 特徵, 特性, 特色: the character of the desert landscape 沙漠景色的特点 * The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here. 自从我上次到这里以来, 这个村庄的特色完全改变了. * The wedding took on the character of (ie became like) a farce when the vicar fell flat on his face. 牧师　了个大马趴, 婚礼变得像出笑剧.  2 [U] (a) striking individuality 显着的个性: drab houses with no character 没有特色的单调房屋. (b) moral strength 道德的力量; 品格; 品德: a woman of character 有道德的女子 * It takes character to say a thing like that. 说那样的话需要有骨气. * Some people think military service is character-building. 有些人认为服兵役能陶冶情操.  3 [C] (a) (infml 口) person, esp an odd or unpleasant one 人（尤指古怪或令人讨厌的人）: He looks a suspicious character. 他像个可疑的人. (b) (approv 褒) person who is not ordinary or typical; person with individuality 与众不同的人; 有个性的人: She's a real/quite a character! 她真[很]有个性!  4 [C] person in a novel, play, etc （小说、戏剧等中的）人物: the characters in the novels of Charles Dickens 狄更斯小说中的人物.  5 [C] reputation, esp a good one 名声（尤指好名声）; 声望: damage sb's character 损害某人的名声.  6 [C] letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing （用于书写或印刷系统的）字母、符号或记号: Chinese, Greek, Russian, etc characters 汉字、希腊字母、俄文字母.  7 (idm 习语) in/out of character typical/not typical of a person's character(1a) 合乎[不合乎]某人的性格: Her behaviour last night was quite out of character. 她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符.

actor who specializes in playing odd or eccentric characters 性格演员.=> character(Brit) written description of a person's qualities; testimonial （对人的品质的）书面描述, 证明书.=> characterization=> characterize/ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk; ˌkærɪktə`rɪstɪk/ adj ~ (of sb/sth) forming part of the character(1a) of a person or thing; typical 构成人或事物特徵之一部分的; 典型性的: He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 他以特有的热情说话. * Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 他就是这么迟钝.

n distinguishing feature 与众不同的特徵: What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的特徵有什么不同? * Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics. 骄傲自大是他的一个缺点.adv: Characteristically she took the joke very well. 从她的性格来说, 她经得起那个玩笑./-raɪˈzeɪʃn; -raɪ`zeʃən/ n [U] action or process of characterizing (characterize 1), esp the portrayal of human character in novels, plays, etc 描述, 刻画, 塑造（尤指人物性格）: Jane Austen's skill at characterization 简·奥斯汀刻画人物的技巧./ˈkærəktəraɪz; `kærɪktəˌraɪz/ v  1 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth describe or portray the character of sb/sth as sth 将某人[某事物]的特点描述成或刻画成某事物: The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate. 这位小说家把女主人公刻画成反覆无常而又多情的人.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] be typical of (sb/sth); be characteristic of 表现（某人[某事物]）的典型; 以...为特徵: the rolling downs that characterize this part of England 英格兰这一地区特有的开阔的丘陵地 * The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck. 长颈鹿以其长颈为特徵.adj (derog 贬) without character(2a); uninteresting; ordinary 无特徵的; 无趣的; 平庸的: a characterless place 无特色的地方.=> character/ʃəˈrɑːd; <i>US</i> ʃəˈreɪd; ʃə`red/ n  1 charades [sing v] game in which one team acts a series of little plays containing syllables of a word which the other team tries to guess 哑谜猜字游戏（一组进行若干短小的表演, 表示一字的各音节, 由另一组猜字）.  2 [C] scene in a game of charades 这种游戏的表演.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) absurd and obvious pretence 荒唐可笑又显而易见的伪装./ˈtʃɑːkəʊl; `tʃɑrˌkol/ n  1 [U] black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with a little air, used as a filtering material or as fuel or for drawing 木炭: a stick/piece/lump of charcoal 一根、一块木炭 * [attrib 作定语] a charcoal sketch 炭笔素描.  2 (also charcoal `grey) [U] very dark grey colour 深灰色.n (formerly) person making charcoal （旧时）烧炭者./tʃɑːd; tʃɑrd/ n [U] (also Swiss chard) type of beet whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable 其叶可做蔬菜的一种甜菜./tʃɑːdʒ; tʃɑrdʒ/ n  1 [C] claim that a person has done wrong, esp a formal claim that he has committed a crime; accusation 指责; 指控; （尤指）控告: arrested on a charge of murder/a murder charge 以谋杀罪被捕 * I resent the charges of incompetence made against me. 说我无能, 我感到很气愤.  2 [C] rushing violent attack (by soldiers, wild animals, footballers, etc) （士兵、野兽、足球队员等）猛攻: lead a charge 带头进攻.  3 [C] price asked for goods or services （货物或服务所需的）费用: an admission/entry charge, eg to visit a museum 入场[门]费（如参观博物馆） * His charges are very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道. * All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货. =>Usage at price 用法见price.  4 (a) [U] responsible possession; care; custody 掌管; 照管; 监护: leave a child in a friend's charge 把孩子留给朋友照管 * He assumed full charge of the firm in his father's absence. 他在父亲不在时全权掌管公司. (b) [C] (fml 文) person or thing left in sb's care 留给某人照管的人或事物: He became his uncle's charge after his parents died. 他在父母去世後, 由叔父抚养.  5 [C] (fml 文) task; duty 任务; 责任.  6 [C] amount of explosive needed to fire a gun or cause an explosion （开枪放炮或产生爆炸所需的）炸药量.  7 [C] (a) amount of electricity put into a battery or contained in a substance 充电量; 电荷: a positive/negative charge 正[负]电荷. (b) energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity （以化学物质贮存的可转化为电的）能量.  8 [C] (fml 文) instructions; directions 指示; 命令: the judge's charge to the jury, ie his advice to them about their verdict 法官给陪审团的指示（引导他们作出裁断）.  9 (idm 习语) bring a charge (of sth) against sb formally accuse sb (of a crime, etc) 正式控告某人（某罪行等）. a charge on sb/sth person or thing that must be paid for as part of a particular area of expenditure 必须为某人或某事物支付的某项开支: They are a charge on the rates. 这是（徵收）房地产税的金额. face a charge/charges => face2. give sb in `charge (esp Brit) hand sb over to the police 把某人交给警方. have charge of sth have responsibility for sth 对某事物有责任. in charge (of sb/sth) in a position of control or command (over sb/sth) 处于控制或支配（某人[某事物]）的地位: Who's in charge here? 这儿谁负责? * He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时, 他负责这个商店. in/under sb's charge in the care of sb 在某人照看下: These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson. 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗. lay sth to sb's charge (fml 文) accuse sb of sth 控告某人犯某罪. prefer a charge/charges => prefer. reverse the charges => reverse3.take charge (of sth) take control of sth; become responsible for sth 控制或掌管某事物;承担某事物的责任: The department was badly organized until she took charge (of it). 这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差.

/tʃɑːdʒ; tʃɑrdʒ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) accuse sb of sth, esp formally in a court of law 以某事指控某人; （尤指在法庭上）控告某人: He was charged with murder. 他被控犯谋杀罪. * She charged me with neglecting my duty. 她指控我玩忽职守. (b) [Tf] (fml 文) claim; assert 声称; 断言: It is charged (ie in a court of law) that on 30 November, the accused.... 现指控被告于11月30日....  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ ((at) sb/sth) rush forward and attack (sb/sth) 进攻: The troops charged (at) the enemy lines. 部队进攻敌军防线. * One of our strikers was violently charged by a defender, ie in a game of football. 我方一前锋受到对方後卫的猛冲拦截（足球赛中）. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ down, in, up, etc rush in the specified direction 向某方向冲去: The children charged down the stairs. 孩子们冲下楼梯.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb/sth) for sth; ~ (sb) sth (for sth) ask (an amount) as a price 要价: How much do you charge for mending shoes? 修鞋要多少钱? * As long as you've paid in advance we won't charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款, 我们就不收你送货费. * I'm not going there again  they charged (me) 1 for a cup of coffee! 我再也不到那儿去了--一杯咖啡就要了（我）1英镑!  4 [Tn] (a) load (a gun) 为（枪炮）装弹药. (b) (fml 文) fill (a glass) 注满（杯子）: Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom! 请各位将酒杯斟满, 向新娘、新郎祝酒!  5 (a) [Tn] put a charge1(7a) into (sth) 给（某物）充电: charge a battery 给蓄电池充电. (b) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (fig 比喻) fill sth (with an emotion) 使某事物充满（情感）: a voice charged with tension 充满紧张情绪的声音 * The atmosphere was charged with excitement. 气氛中充满了激情.  6 [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) give (sb) a responsibility; command; instruct 交给（某人）责任; 命令; 指示: I charge you not to forget what I have said. 你千万别忘记我的话. * The judge charged the jury, ie advised them about their verdict. 法官对陪审团作指示（引导他们作出裁断）.  7 (phr v) charge sth (up) to sb; charge sth up record sth as a debt to be paid by sb 将某人的欠款记在帐上: Please charge these goods (up) to my account. 请把这些货物记在我的帐上. charge sb/oneself with sth (fml 文) give sb/oneself a duty or responsibility 使某人[自己]承担任务或责任: She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任.(US) = credit account (credit1)./ˌʃɑːʒeɪ dæˈfeə(r); ʃɑr`ʒe dæ`fɛr/ n(pl charges d'affaires/ 9FB:VeI d5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/)1 diplomat who takes the place of an ambassador or a minister when the ambassador or minister is absent 代理大使（大使或公使不在时代替大使或公使的外交官）.  2 diplomat below the rank of ambassador or minister who heads a diplomatic mission in a minor country 代办（低于大使或公使的外交官, 率领出使小国的使团）.

/ˌʃɑːʒeɪ dæˈfeə(r); ʃɑr`ʒe dæ`fɛr/ n (pl charges d'affaires / 9FB:VeI d5feE(r); FBr`Ve dA`fZr/)  1 diplomat who takes the place of an ambassador or a minister when the ambassador or minister is absent 代理大使（大使或公使不在时代替大使或公使的外交官）.  2 diplomat below the rank of ambassador or minister who heads a diplomatic mission in a minor country 代办（低于大使或公使的外交官, 率领出使小国的使团）.n (Brit) record kept in a police station of charges (charge1 1) made 保存在警察局的控告记录./ˈtʃɑːdʒəbl; `tʃɑrdʒəbl/ adj  1 (a) able or liable to be charged (charge2 1a) 可被指控的; 可能被控告的: If you steal, you are chargeable with theft. 如果偷窃就可能被控偷窃罪. (b) liable to result in a legal charge 可能导致控告後果的: a chargeable offence 可能导致遭控告的过失.  2 ~ to sb (of a debt) to be paid by sb or put on sb's account （指债款）应由某人偿付的或记在某人帐上的: Any expenses you may incur will be chargeable to the company. 你的所有开销都可以由公司偿付./ˈtʃɑːdʒə(r); `tʃɑrdʒɚ/ n (arch 古) horse ridden by a soldier in battle; cavalry horse 军马; 战马.adv./ˈtʃærɪət; `tʃærɪət/ n horse-drawn open vehicle with two wheels, used in ancient times in battle and for racing 敞篷双轮马车（古代用于战争或竞赛）./ˌtʃærɪəˈtɪə(r); ˌtʃærɪət`ɪr/ n person driving a chariot （敞篷马车的）驭者./kəˈrɪzmə; kə`rɪzmə/ n (pl ~s or ~ta)  1 [U] power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm 吸引人效忠的能力; 号召力: a politician with charisma 有一呼百应能力的政客.  2 [C] (religion 宗) power or talent given by God 神授的力量或才能./ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk; ˌkærɪz`mætɪk/ adj  1 having charisma 有号召力的; 有神授能力的: a charismatic figure, leader, politician, etc 有号召力的人物、领袖、政治家等.  2 (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, eg the power to heal the sick （指宗教组织）崇尚神赐天赋的（如治病的力量）. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈtʃærətəbl; `tʃærətəbl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb)  1 generous in giving money, food, etc to poor people （给穷人钱、食物等）慷慨的, 慈善的.  2 of, for or connected with a charity(4) or charities 慈善组织的; 为慈善组织的; 关于慈善组织的: a charitable institution, organization, body, etc 慈善机构、组织、团体等 * a charitable venture, ie one to raise money for charity 慈善事业.  3 kind in one's attitude to others 宽厚的; 慈爱的: That wasn't a very charitable remark. 那话说得可不太厚道. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./ˈtʃærətɪ; `tʃærətɪ/ n  1 [U] loving kindness towards others 慈善; 慈悲; 慈爱; 仁爱.  2 [U] tolerance in judging others; kindness; leniency 宽容; 宽厚; 仁慈; 宽大: judge people with charity 宽厚度人.  3 [U] (a) (generosity in) giving money, food, help, etc to the needy 施舍; 布施; 慷慨: do sth out of charity 出于慷慨助人而做某事物 * raise money for charity 为施舍助人而集资 * [attrib 作定语] a charity ball, concert, jumble sale, etc 慈善舞会、音乐会、义卖等. (b) help given in this way （慷慨施舍的）帮助: live on/off charity 靠赈济生活.  4 [C] society or organization for helping the needy 慈善团体: Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine. 许多慈善团体捐款赈济饥民.  5 (idm 习语) charity begins at `home (saying 谚) a person's first duty is to help and care for his own family 慈善先惠及家人（一个人的首要责任是帮助和照顾自己的家庭）./ˈtʃɑːleɪdɪ; `tʃɑrˌledɪ/ n = charwoman./ˈʃɑːlətən; `ʃɑrlətn/ n person who falsely claims to have special knowledge or skill, esp in medicine 冒充内行的人; （尤指）庸医; 江湖医生. n [U]./ˈtʃɑːlstən; `tʃɑrlstən/ n fast dance, popular in the 1920's, in which the knees are turned inwards and the legs kicked sideways 查尔斯顿舞（流行于20世纪20年代的快步舞, 舞时膝盖内屈, 腿向两侧踢）./ˈtʃɑːlɪ; `tʃɑrlɪ/ n (Brit infml 口) foolish person 蠢人: You must have felt a proper charlie! 你一定觉得自己很蠢! * He looks a real charlie in that hat. 他戴那顶帽子看起来真像个傻瓜./tʃɑːm; tʃɑrm/ n  1 (a) [U] power of pleasing, fascinating or attracting people; attractiveness 迷人或吸引人的力量; 魅力: a woman of great charm 极为迷人的女子 * He has a lot of charm. 他很有魅力. * the charm of the countryside in spring 郊外的春光明媚. (b) [C] pleasing or attractive feature or quality 吸引人的特点或性质; 妩媚: a woman's charms, ie her beauty or attractive manner 一女子的妩媚.  2 [C] (a) object worn because it is believed to protect the wearer and bring good luck 护身符. (b) small ornament worn on a chain or bracelet （装在链上或手镯上的）小饰物: [attrib 作定语] a `charm bracelet 带有饰物的手镯.  3 [C] act or words believed to have magic power; magic spell 魔法; 咒符; 咒语.  4 (idm 习语) ,work like a `charm (infml 口) be immediately and completely successful 迅速地而完全地获得成功: Those new pills you gave me worked like a charm. 你给我的那些新药丸真是药到病除.

/tʃɑːm; tʃɑrm/ v [Tn]  1 please, fascinate or attract (sb); delight 取悦, 迷住或吸引（某人）; 使欣喜: He charms everyone he meets. 他使他遇见的每一个人都感到愉快. * He was charmed by her vivacity and high spirits. 她的活泼与兴高采烈的情绪把他迷住了.  2 influence or protect (sb/sth) by or as if by magic （如有魔法般）影响或保护（某人[某事物]）: He has a charmed life, ie has escaped many dangers, as if protected by magic. 他的生命似有神灵保护（多次脱险似有神助）.  3 (phr v) charm sth from/out of sb/sth get sth from sb/sth by using charm 使用迷人手段从某人[某事物]处得到某事物: She could charm the birds from the trees! 她有沉鱼落雁的魅力!n person who charms people of the opposite sex 对异性有吸引力的人.adj delightful 令人高兴的; 迷人的; 可爱的: a charming man, village, song 令人喜爱的男子、村庄、歌. adv./ˈtʃɑːnl haʊs; `tʃɑrnl ˌhaᴜs/ n (formerly) place for keeping dead human bodies or bones （旧时）存放人的尸体或骸骨的地方./tʃɑːt; tʃɑrt/ n  1 [C] (a) detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc 航海图: a naval chart 海军航图. (b) similar map for navigation by air 航空地图.  2 [C] map, diagram, graph or table giving clear information, esp about sth that changes over a period of time 地图; 示意图; 曲线图或表: a weather chart 天气图 * a temperature chart, ie one showing changes in a person's temperature 体温图表 * a sales chart, ie one showing the level of a company's sales 销售图. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 map, plan 2.  3 the charts [pl] weekly list of the best-selling pop music records （流行音乐唱片最畅销的）每周选录.

v  1 [Tn] make a chart of (sth); map 绘制（某事物）的图表; 绘制...的地图.  2 [Tn] record or follow (sth) on or as if on a chart （犹如）在图表上记录或跟踪某事物: Scientists are carefully charting the progress of the spacecraft. 科学家密切跟踪航天器的运行./tʃɑːtə(r); `tʃɑrtɚ/ n  1 (a) written statement by a ruler or a government granting certain rights and privileges to a town, company, university, etc 特许状（统治者或政府给予一城市、公司、大学等的某些权利或特权的证书）: privileges granted by royal charter 皇家特许状所给予的特权. (b) written statement of the main functions and principles of an organization or institution; constitution （写明某组织或机构的主要职责与原则的）章程, 宪章.  2 hiring of a ship, an aircraft or a vehicle for a particular purpose or group of people （为某目的或某团体对船只、飞机或车辆的）包租: [attrib 作定语] a `charter plane 包机.

v [Tn]  1 grant a charter(2) to (sb/sth) 准予（某人[某事物]）包租（船只、飞机或车辆）.  2 hire (an aircraft, etc) for a particular purpose （为某目的）包租（飞机等）: a chartered plane 包机.flight by a chartered aircraft 包机航班.n (commerce 商) agreement for the hire of a ship for a particular voyage or period of time 租船契约; 租船合同./ˈtʃɑːtəd; `tʃɑrtɚd/ adj [attrib 作定语] qualified according to the rules of a professional association which has a royal charter （根据持有皇家特许状的专业协会的规章）合格的: a chartered engineer, librarian, surveyor, etc 特许工程师、图书馆馆长、检测官等. ,chartered ac`countant (Brit) (US ,certified ,public ac`countant) fully trained and qualified accountant 特许会计师./ˈtʃɑːtɪzəm; `tʃɑrtɪzəm/ n [U] movement in Britain in the 1830's seeking electoral and social reform 宪章运动（英国19世纪30年代争取普选和社会改革的运动）. > Chartist/ 5tFB:tIst; `tFBrtIst/ n./ʃɑːˈtrɜːz; <i>US</i> ʃɑːˈtruːz; ʃɑr`truz/ n [U]  1 green or yellow liqueur made with herbs 荨麻酒（加药草酿制, 呈绿色或黄色）.  2 yellowish-green colour 黄绿色./ˈtʃɑːwʊmən; `tʃɑrˌwᴜmən/ (also char-lady, char) n woman employed to clean a house, an office building, etc 女清洁工/ˈtʃeərɪ; `tʃɛrɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sth)  1 cautious; wary 小心的; 谨慎的; 仔细的: chary of lending money 贷款谨慎的.  2 sparing 节省的; 舍不得的: chary of giving praise, ie seldom praising people 不轻易赞扬人的. /kəˈrɪbdɪs; kə`rɪbdɪs/ n (idm 习语) between Scylla and Charybdis => Scylla./tʃeɪs; tʃes/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb/sth run after in order to capture or overtake sb/sth 追捕; 追逐; 追赶; 追击: My dog likes chasing rabbits. 我的狗喜欢追逐兔子. * He chased (after) the burglar but couldn't catch him. 他追赶窃贼却未捉住.  2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb make sexual advances to sb in an unsubtle way 露骨地向某人求爱: He's always chasing (after) women. 他不断地追逐女人.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) try to win (sth) 试图赢获（某事物）: Liverpool are chasing their third league title in four years. 利物浦队正全力以赴准备四年後第三次赢获联赛冠军.  4 (phr v) chase about, around, etc rush or hurry in the specified direction 向某方向急奔: I've been chasing around town all morning looking for a present for her. 为了送给她一件礼物, 我一上午都在全市奔走寻找. chase sb/sth away, off, out, etc force sb/sth to run away, etc; drive sb/sth away, etc 赶走; 驱逐: chase the cat out of the kitchen 把猫赶出厨房. chase sb up (Brit infml 口) contact sb and try to obtain esp money or information 向某人追讨或索要（尤指钱或信息）: chase up clients with outstanding debts 向委托人追索未清还的债款. chase sth up (Brit infml 口) try to investigate sth or make sth happen more quickly 追查或催促某事物: chase up a delayed order 追查逾期的订货单.

/tʃeɪs; tʃes/ n  1 act of chasing; pursuit 追捕; 追逐; 追赶; 追击; 追寻: The criminal was caught after a car chase. 开着汽车追来追去才把罪犯捉住.  2 (idm 习语) give `chase begin to run after sb/sth 开始追逐某人[某事物]: After the robbery the police immediately gave chase. 劫案发生後警方立即跟踪追击. ,give up the `chase stop chasing sb/sth 停止追赶某人[某物]. a wild goose chase => wild.

/tʃeɪs; tʃes/ v [Tn] cut patterns or designs on (metal); engrave or emboss 在（金属）上镂刻图案或花样; 雕刻; 刻浮雕: chased silver 雕花银器./ˈtʃeɪsə(r); `tʃesɚ/ n  1 horse for steeplechasing （越野赛或障碍赛的）马.  2 (infml 口) drink taken after another of a different kind, eg a weaker alcoholic drink after a strong one （喝完一种饮料後再喝的另一种的）饮料（如烈酒之後的淡酒）./ˈkæzəm; `kæzəm/ n  1 deep opening in the ground; abyss; gorge （地上的）深坑; 深渊; 峡谷.  2 (fig 比喻) wide difference of feelings or interests between people, groups, etc （人、团体等的情感或利益的）巨大差距, 分歧: the vast chasm separating rich and poor 贫富的鸿沟./ˈʃæsɪ; `ʃæsɪ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变/ 5FAsIz; `FAsIz/) framework on which the body and working parts of a vehicle, radio or television are built （车辆的）底盘, 车架; （收音机或电视机的）底盘, 框架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii./tʃeɪst; tʃest/ adj  1 (dated 旧) not having had sexual intercourse; virgin 没有经过性交的; 童贞的.  2 not having sexual intercourse except with the person to whom one is married （性生活）忠于配偶的.  3 pure; virtuous 纯真的; 有道德的.  4 simple in style; not ornate （风格）简单的; 不修饰的. adv./ˈtʃeɪsn; `tʃesn/ v [Tn]  1 punish (sb) in order to correct or improve; discipline 惩罚（某人）（使之改正或改进）; 惩戒.  2 subdue (sb); restrain 遏制（某人）; 制止: a chastening experience 使人抑制的感受 * He was chastened by his failure. 他因失败而一蹶不振./tʃæˈstaɪz; tʃæs`taɪz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) punish (sb) severely, esp by beating 严惩（某人）（尤指责打）./tʃæˈstaɪzmənt, also ˈtʃæstɪzmənt; tʃæs`taɪzmənt; `tʃæstɪzmənt/ n [C, U] (fml 文) severe punishment 严惩./ˈtʃæstətɪ; `tʃæstətɪ/ n [U] (state of) being chaste (1, 2, 3) 童贞; 贞洁; 贞操; 纯洁; 正派: vows of chastity, eg those taken by a nun or a monk 贞操誓言（如修女或修道士所发的）./ˈtʃæzjʊbl; `tʃæzjᴜbl/ n loose garment worn over all other vestments by a priest celebrating the Eucharist 十字褡（神父行圣餐礼时穿在最外层的宽松长袍）./tʃæt; tʃæt/ n [C, U] friendly informal conversation 聊天; 闲谈: I had a long chat with her (about her job). （关于她的工作）我和她聊了很久. * That's enough chat  get back to work. 别再聊了--回去工作吧. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1.

v (-tt-)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away); ~ (to/with sb) (about sth) have a chat 聊天; 闲谈: They were chatting (away) in the corner. 他们在角落里闲谈. * What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什么?  2 (phr v) chat sb up (Brit infml 口) talk to sb in a friendly or flirtatious manner in order to gain his or her confidence 和某人亲切地或轻佻地交谈（以获取信任）: Who was that pretty girl you were chatting up last night? 昨晚你与之谈笑风生的那个漂亮姑娘是谁?television or radio programme in which (esp well-known) people are interviewed 电视或无线电采访节目（尤指对知名人士的）./ˈʃætəʊ; <i>US</i> ʃæˈtəʊ; ʃæ`to/ n (pl ~x/ -tEUz;-toz/) castle or large country house in France 法国的城堡或大别墅./ˈtʃætl; `tʃætl/ n (idm 习语) sb's goods and chattels => goods./ˈtʃætə(r); `tʃætɚ/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sth) talk quickly, continuously or foolishly about unimportant matters 唠叨; 喋喋不休: Do stop chattering on about the weather when I'm trying to read. 别再没完没了地唠叨天气了, 我要看书了.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (away) (of birds and monkeys) make short repeated high-pitched noises （指鸟和猴）短促连声尖叫, 啾啾叫, 吱吱叫: sparrows chattering in the trees 在树上啾啾叫的麻雀.  3 [I, Ip] ~ (together) (of the teeth) strike together with a clicking sound because of cold or fear （指牙齿）打颤.

n [U]  1 continuous rapid talk 唠叨的话: I've had enough of your constant chatter. 我已经听够你那没完没了的唠叨话.  2 chattering sound 吱吱叫的声音: the chatter of monkeys 猴子的吱吱叫声.n talkative person, esp a child 话多的人（尤指小孩）.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 fond of chatting 爱闲聊的; 爱聊天的.  2 resembling chat; informal 闲聊般的; 非正式的: a chatty description 随便的描述. /ˈʃəʊfə(r); <i>US</i> ʃəʊˈfɜːr; ʃo`fɝ/ n person employedto drive a car, esp for sb rich or important 受雇开车的人; （尤指富人或要人的）司机.

v [Tn] drive (sb) as a chauffeur 任司机为（某人）开车./ˈʃəʊvɪnɪzəm; `ʃovɪnˌɪzəm/ n [U]  1 aggressiveand irrational belief that one's own country is better than all others 沙文主义.  2 = male chauvinism (male)./ˈʃəʊvɪnɪst; `ʃovɪnɪst/ n, adj (person) displaying or feeling chauvinism 沙文主义的; 沙文主义者. /ˌʃəʊvɪˈnɪstɪk; ˌʃovɪ`nɪstɪk/ adj./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌsiː eɪtʃ ˈbiː; ˌsi etʃ `bi/ abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Baccalaureus) 外科医学士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Baccalaureus）: have/be a ChB 有外科医学士学位[为外科医学士] * Philip Watt MB, ChB 菲利浦瓦特内科医学士, 外科医学士./tʃiːp; tʃip/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) low in price; costing little money 廉价的; 花钱少的; 便宜的: cheap tickets, fares 廉价票、便宜的交通费 * the cheap seats in a theatre 剧院的廉价座位 * Cauliflowers are very cheap at the moment. 菜花现在很便宜. (b) worth more than the cost; offering good value 合算的; 实惠的; 价钱好的: 3 is very cheap for a hardback book. 花3英镑买精装书很上算.  2 charging low prices 要价低的: a cheap hairdresser, restaurant 要价低的理发师、饭馆.  3 of poor quality; shoddy 品质低劣的; 质量差的: cheap furniture, jewellery, shoes 劣质家具、珠宝、鞋 * a cheap and nasty bottle of wine 一瓶质量恶劣的、难喝的葡萄酒.  4 insincere; shallow(2) 不真诚的; 肤浅的: cheap flattery 虚伪的奉承.  5 (of people, words or actions) not worthy of respect; despicable; contemptible （指人、词语或行为）不值得尊敬的, 卑鄙的, 可耻的: a cheap gibe, joke, remark, retort, etc 低级的嘲弄、玩笑、言语、反驳等 * That was a cheap trick to play on her. 那样捉弄她是可耻的. * He's just a cheap crook. 他纯粹是个卑鄙的无赖. * His treatment of her made her feel cheap. 他那样对待她, 她觉得很丢脸.  6 (esp US) excessively careful with one's money; mean; stingy 对钱过分仔细的; 吝啬的; 小气的.  7 (idm 习语) cheap/common as dirt => dirt. cheap at the price so well worth having that the price, however high it is, does not seem too much 无论价钱多么高都值得: The holiday will be very expensive but if it helps to make you fit and healthy again it will be cheap at the price. 度假要花很多钱, 但能助你恢复健康, 花钱再多也值得. ,hold sth `cheap (fml 文) consider sth to be of little value or importance 认为某事物无价值或不重要; 轻视. ,make oneself `cheap do sth which causes other people to respect one less 做出让人看不起的事. on the `cheap (infml 口) without paying the usual, or a fair, price 没有付通常的或公道的价钱; 便宜的: buy, sell, get sth on the cheap 便宜地买、卖、得到某事物.

adv (infml 口)  1 for a low price 廉价地: get sth cheap 廉价买到某物 * sell sth off cheap 廉价卖出某物.  2 (idm 习语) ,go `cheap (infml 口) be offered for sale at a low price 廉价卖: The local shop has some radios going cheap. 本地商店有些廉价的收音机./ˈtʃiːpən; `tʃipən/ v  1 [Tn] (cause sth to) become cheap or cheaper 减价: cheapen the cost of sth 降低某事物的价钱.  2 [Tn] make (oneself/sth) less worthy of respect; degrade 降低（自己[某事物]）的身价; 贬低: It's only cheapening yourself to behave like that. 那样做只能使你自贬身价./ˈtʃiːpdʒæk; `tʃipˌdʒæk/ n person who sells inferior goods at low prices 廉价出售劣质品的人; 廉价品商贩.

adj inferior; shoddy 劣质的; 低级的.adv  1 for a low price 廉价地: buy, sell, get sth cheaply 廉价买、卖、得到某事物.  2 in a cheap(1a) manner 廉价地; 便宜地: The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具.  3 (idm 习语) get off lightly/cheaply => lightly (light3).n [U]./ˈtʃiːpskeɪt; `tʃipˌsket/ n (infml 口 esp US) mean or stingy person; miser 吝啬的人; 小气的人; 财迷; 守财奴./tʃiːt; tʃit/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) act dishonestly or unfairly in order to win an advantage or profit 欺骗: accuse sb of cheating at cards 指责某人玩纸牌时作弊.  2 [Tn] trick or deceive (sb/sth) 欺骗或瞒哄（某人[某事物]）: cheat the taxman, ie avoid one's taxes 欺瞒税务局（逃税） * (fig 比喻) cheat death, ie come close to dying but stay alive by luck or cunning 死里逃生.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sb (esp US) be unfaithful to one's wife, husband or lover 不忠实于妻子、丈夫或情人.  4 (phr v) cheat sb (out) of sth prevent sb from having sth, esp in an unfair or a dishonest way 防止某人得到某事物（尤指以不正当或不诚实的手段）: He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了.

n  1 person who cheats, esp in a game 骗子; （尤指游戏或比赛中的）作弊者.  2 dishonest trick 欺骗手段./tʃek; tʃɛk/ v  1 (a) [I, Ip, Tf no passive 不用于被动语态, Tw no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ (up) make sure of sth by examining or investigating it （用检查或调查的方法）印证某事物: I think I remembered to switch the oven off but you'd better check (up) (that I did). 我好像记得把烤箱关了, 但你最好再查看一下（我是否关了）. * Could you go and check if the baby's asleep? 你去看看孩子睡了没有好吗? (b) [Tn] examine (sth) in order to make sure that it is correct, safe, satisfactory or in good condition 检查; 检验; 核对; 核实: check the oil, ie make sure there is enough oil in a car engine 检查机油（确保汽车发动机中的油足够） * check the tyres, ie make sure there is enough air in a car's tyres 检查轮胎（确保汽车轮胎气足） * check the items against the list, ie to see that it tallies 照清单查点各项（看是否相符） * He must check his work more carefully  it's full of mistakes. 他检查工作时要再仔细一些--到处是错.  2 [Tn] (a) cause (sb/sth) to stop or go more slowly; slow down; control 使（某人[某事物]）停止或缓慢进行; 减缓; 控制: check the enemy's advance 阻止敌军前进 * check the flow of blood from a wound 为伤口止血 * The Government is determined to check the growth of public spending. 政府立意控制公共开支的增长. (b) hold (sth) back; restrain (sth/oneself) 阻止住（某事物）; 抑制（某事物）; 克制（自己）: unable to check one's laughter, tears, anger 控制不住笑声、眼泪、愤怒.  3 [I] stop suddenly 突然停止: She went forward a few yards, checked and turned back. 她向前走了几码, 突然停住脚步又返回来.  4 [I, Tn] (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he must move his king to prevent its capture （国际象棋中）将（对方的王）. Cf 参看 checkmate.  5 [Tn] (US) (a) leave (hats, coats, etc) to be stored for a short period 暂存（帽子、大衣等）. (b) leave (luggage, etc) ready to be despatched 托运（行李等）.  6 (phr v) check in (at...); check into... register as a guest at a hotel or as a passenger at an airport, etc （为住旅馆或登机等）办理登记手续: Passengers should check in for flight BA 125 to Berlin. 去柏林的英航125航班旅客请办理登机手续. check sth in (a) leave or accept sth to be transported by train or by air 托运, 收运（经火车或飞机运送之物）: check in one's luggage 托运行李. (b) (esp US) leave or accept sth for safe keeping in a cloakroom or left-luggage office （在衣帽间或行李寄存处）存取某物: Is there a place we can check in our coats? 有暂存大衣的地方吗? check sth off mark (items on a list) as correct or as having been dealt with （在清单的项目上）作记号表示正确或已处理; 核对. check (up) on sb investigate sb's behaviour, background, etc 调查某人的行为、背景等: The police are checking up on him. 警方正在调查他. check (up) on sth examine sth to discover if it is true, safe, correct, etc 检查某事物（是否真实、安全、正确等）. check out (of...) pay one's bill and leave a hotel 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续. check sth out (esp US) = check up on sth.

/tʃek; tʃɛk/ n  1 [C] ~ (on sth) (a) examination to make sure that sth is correct, safe, satisfactory or in good condition 检查（以确保某事物正确、安全、满意或处于良好状态）: Could you give the tyres a check, please? 你能给检查一下轮胎吗? * We conduct regular checks on the quality of our products. 我们对产品做例行质量检查. (b) method of testing the accuracy or genuineness of sth 检验（以测试某事物准确度或真假）.  2 [C] ~ (on sb) investigation 调查: The police made a check on all the victim's friends. 警方对受害者所有的朋友进行了调查.  3 [C] (a) slowing down or stopping; pause 减慢; 停止; 暂停: a check in the rate of production 生产速度减慢. (b) ~ (on sth) thing that restrains or stops sth 制止或停止某事物的事物: The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest. 有了军队应能制止民间的动乱.  4 [sing] (in chess) situation in which a player must move his king in order to prevent its capture by his opponent （国际象棋中）将军: You're in check! 将你一军! Cf 参看 checkmate.  5 [C] (US) = cheque.  6 [C] (US) = bill1: I'll ask the waiter for the check. 我找服务员要帐单.  7 [C] (US) ticket or token used to identify and reclaim clothing or property left in a cloakroom or left-luggage office 存放证, 寄存牌（用以领取寄存物品的存根或收据）.  8 [C] (US) = tick1.  9 (idm 习语) hold/keep sth in `check prevent sth from advancing or increasing; control sth 抑止; 约束; 制止: keep one's temper in check 控制自己不发脾气 * The epidemic was held in check by widespread vaccination. 这种传染病靠广泛的预防注射已受到控制. take a rain check => rain1.

interj (in chess) call made to one's opponent to show that his king is in check （国际象棋中）将, 将军（向对方的呼叫）.

/tʃek; tʃɛk/ n (a) [C] pattern of crossed lines (often in different colours) forming squares 方格图案: Which do you want for your new dress, a stripe or a check? 你要哪种料子来做新连衣裙, 条子的还是方格的? (b) [U] cloth with this pattern 方格布: [attrib 作定语] a check skirt, jacket, table-cloth 方格的裙子、短上衣、桌布.n  1 act of checking in at an airport 在机 : [attrib 作定语] the check-in desk 办理登机手续的柜台 * one's check-in time 办理登机手续的时间.  2 place where one checks in at an airport before a flight （在机场的飞机起飞前的）登记处.n  1 act of checking out (check1 6) 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续.  2 place where customers pay for goods in a supermarket （超级市场中的）付款处.n place, eg on a frontier, where travellers are stopped and their vehicles and documents inspected 检查站（如于边境处的）.n thorough examination, esp a medical one 全面检查; （尤指）体格检查: go for/have a check-up 去[作]体检.n (US) = cheque-book (cheque)./tʃekt; tʃɛkt/ adj having a check pattern 方格图形的: checked material 方格形材料.n person who checks (esp stores, orders, etc) 审核员（尤指审核存货、定货单等者）.

/ˈtʃekə(r); `tʃɛkɚ/ v (US) = chequer.n (US) = draughtboard (draught)./ˈtʃekəz; `tʃɛkɚz/ n [sing v] (US) = draughts.(US) = current account (current1).n list of items to be marked as present or having been dealt with （对现有的或已处理的项目进行查点的）清单: a checklist of things to take on holiday 度假携带物品的清单./ˈtʃekmeɪt; `tʃɛkˌmet/ (also mate) n [sing]  1 (in chess) situation in which one player cannot prevent the capture of his king and the other player is therefore the winner （国际象棋中）将死. Cf 参看 check2 4.  2 total defeat 彻底失败.

v [Tn]  1 (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he cannot prevent the capture of his king （国际象棋中）将死（对方）. Cf 参看 check1 4.  2 defeat (sb/sth) totally; frustrate 使（某人[某事物]）彻底失败; 挫败.  interj (in chess) call made when checkmating one's opponent 将, 将军（国际象棋中将死对方时的呼叫）.n (US) (a) cloakroom in a hotel, theatre, etc （旅馆、剧院等的）衣帽间. (b) left-luggage office 行李寄存处./ˈtʃedə(r); `tʃɛdɚ/ n [U] type of firm yellowish cheese 切德乾酪（一种淡黄色的硬奶酪）./tʃiːk; tʃik/ n  1 [C] either side of the face below the eye 面颊; 脸蛋儿: healthy pink cheeks 健康的红面颊 * dancing cheek to cheek, ie with the cheek of one partner touching that of the other 跳贴面舞（面颊接触舞伴面颊）. =>illus at head 见head之插图.  2 [C] (infml 口) either of the buttocks 屁股（指半边）.  3 [U, sing] impertinent talk or behaviour; impudence 无礼的、冒失的、不当的话或行为; 厚颜无耻: That's enough of your cheek! 不要恬不知耻! * He had the cheek to ask me to do his work for him. 他居然有脸叫我替他工作. * What (a) cheek! ie How very cheeky! 真没皮没脸!  4 (idm 习语) ,cheek by `jowl (with sb/sth) close together 紧紧靠着: live/lie cheek by jowl 亲密地生活[躺在一起]. ,turn the other `cheek accept violent attack without being violent oneself 受到猛烈攻击而不还手. with tongue in cheek => tongue.

v [Tn] speak cheekily to (sb) 对（某人）厚颜无耻地说.n bone below the eye 颧骨.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest) (of a person, his manner, etc) lacking respect, esp in a bold or cheerful way; impertinent; impudent （指人、言谈、举止等）厚脸皮的, 放肆的, 鲁莽的, 厚颜无耻的: a cheeky boy, remark 厚脸皮的男孩儿、言语. /tʃiːp; tʃip/ n weak shrill cry of a young bird （雏鸟的）吱吱叫声.

v [I] make this cry 作吱吱叫./tʃɪə(r); tʃɪr/ v  1 [I, Tn] give shouts of joy, praise, support or encouragement to (sb) 向（某人）欢呼; 喝采: The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼. * The winning team were cheered by their supporters. 获胜的队受到热情观众的喝采.  2 [Tn] give comfort, hope, support or encouragement to (sb); gladden 给（某人）安慰、希望、支持或鼓励; 使欢喜: He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴.  3 (phr v) cheer sb on encourage sb to make greater efforts by cheering 鼓舞或鼓励某人更加努力: The crowd cheered the runners on as they started the last lap. 赛跑进入最後一圈时, 观众为运动员加油鼓劲. cheer (sb) up (cause sb to) become happier or more cheerful （使某人）更高兴或更快活: Try and cheer up a bit; life isn't that bad! 想办法高兴点儿, 生活并不是那么糟! * You look as though you need cheering up, ie to be cheered up. 看来你需要振作起来. * (fig 比喻) Flowers always cheer a room up. 房间里一有花就满室生辉.

/tʃɪə(r); tʃɪr/ n  1 [C] shout of joy, praise, support or encouragement 欢呼声; 喝采声: the cheers of the crowd 群众的欢呼声 * Three cheers for (ie Shout `hurray' three times to show admiration for) the bride and groom! 向新娘、新郎三次欢呼!  2 [U] (arch 古) happiness and hopefulness 欢愉与乐观: Christmas should be a time of great cheer. 圣诞节应是欢乐的时刻.n (esp US) person who leads the cheering by a crowd, esp at a sporting event 带领观众欢呼的人; （尤指体育比赛中的）啦啦队长./ˈtʃɪəfl; `tʃɪrfəl/ adj  1 (a) in good spirits; happy 兴高采烈的; 精神振奋的; 快乐的: a cheerful smile, disposition 欢快的微笑、性情 * You're very cheerful today. 你今天很快活. (b) causing happiness; pleasant 令人快活的; 令人高兴的: The news isn't very cheerful, I'm afraid. 我看这个消息不太乐观.  2 pleasantly bright 欢快明亮的: cheerful colours 悦目的色彩 * a cheerful room 使人感到愉快的房间.  3 not grudging; willing 愿意的: a cheerful worker 肯干的工人. > cheerfully/-fElI; -fElI/ adv: accept sth, smile, whistle, work cheerfully欢快地接受某事物、微笑、吹口哨、工作. n [U].adj encouraging; gladdening 令人鼓舞的; 令人欢喜的: cheering news 令人振奋的消息.  n [U]: The cheering could be heard half a mile away. 半英里以外都可以听到欢呼声./ˌtʃɪərɪˈəʊ; `tʃɪrɪˌo/ interj (Brit infml 口) goodbye 再见./ˈtʃɪəlɪs; `tʃɪrlɪs/ adj gloomy; dreary 阴暗的; 惨淡的: a cold, cheerless day 寒冷阴暗的一天 * a damp, cheerless room 潮湿阴暗的房间. adv. n [U]./tʃiːz; tʃiz/ n  1 (a) [U] food made from milk curds 乾酪; 奶酪: Cheddar cheese 切德乾酪 * a lump/piece/slice of cheese 一大块[块/片]乾酪 * [attrib 作定语] a cheese sandwich 乾酪三明治. (b) [C] particular type of this 某种乾酪: a selection of French cheeses 精选法国乾酪. (c) [C] shaped and wrapped portion or mass of this （制成一定形状及有包装的）乾酪, 奶酪: two cream cheeses 两块乳脂乾酪.  2 [U] type of thick jam 稠果酱: lemon, damson cheese 柠檬、洋李果酱.  3 (idm 习语) a big cheese => big. different as chalk and/from cheese => different.

v (phr v) cheese sb off (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) (infml 口) make sb annoyed, bored or frustrated 使某人烦恼、厌烦或灰心: He's cheesed off with his job. 他厌倦他的工作.n board for cutting cheese on 乾酪板（切乾酪用的板）.n [U] (derog 贬) excessive carefulness in the spending of money; stinginess 花钱过分仔细; 吝啬.  adj (derog 贬) stingy; mean 吝啬的; 小气的.n hamburger with a slice of cheese in it 乾酪汉堡包./ˈtʃiːzkeɪk; `tʃizˌkek/ n  1 [C, U] type of tart made with cream cheese, eggs, sugar, etc on a base of pastry or crushed biscuits 奶酪饼（以油酥面或碎饼乾作底, 上有乳脂奶酪、蛋、糖等制成的糕饼）: a cherry cheesecake 樱桃奶酪饼 * Have some more cheesecake. 请再用一些奶酪饼.  2 [U] (infml 口) pictures of women with shapely bodies, esp as used in advertisements （身材匀称的）女子照片（尤指用于广告的）./ˈtʃiːzklɒθ; <i>US</i> -klɔːθ; `tʃizˌklɔθ/ n [U] thin, loosely woven, cotton fabric 薄纱织物: [attrib 作定语] a cheesecloth shirt 薄纱衬衫.adj (-ier, -iest) like cheese in taste or smell （味道或气味）像乾酪的./ˈtʃiːtə; `tʃitə/ n African wild animal of the cat family with black spots and long legs, and able to run very fast 猎豹（产于非洲, 有黑色斑点, 腿长善跑）./ʃef; ʃɛf/ n professional cook, esp the chief cook in a restaurant 厨师; （尤指饭店的）厨师长./ʃeɪ ˈdɜːvrə; ʃe `dvrə/ n (pl chefsd'oeuvre/ FeI5d\:vrE; Fe `dvrE/) (French 法) masterpiece 杰作./ˈkemɪkl; `kɛmɪkl/ adj  1 of or relating to chemistry 化学的; 关于化学的: the chemical industry 化学工业.  2 produced by or using chemistry or chemicals 用化学方法或化学品产生的或生产的: a chemical experiment 化学实验 * a chemical reaction, ie one causing changes in the structure of atoms or molecules 化学反应（造成原子或分子结构变化的反应）.

n substance obtained by or used in a chemical process 在化学反应中得到的或使用的物质.n.engineering that deals with processes involving chemical changes and with the equipment needed for these 化学工程. use of poisonous gases and other harmful chemicals in war 化学战./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ʃəˈmiːz; ʃə`miz/ n (a) loose-fitting under-garment hanging straight from the shoulders, formerly worn by women （直筒式的）宽松内衣（旧时女子穿的）. (b) dress similar to this （直筒式的）宽松连衣裙./ˈkemɪst; `kɛmɪst/ n  1 (US druggist) person who prepares and sells medicines, and usu also sells cosmetics, toiletries, etc; pharmacist 药剂师; 药商: buy aspirin at the chemist's (ie chemist's shop) on the corner 在大街拐角的药房买阿司匹林. Cf 参看 pharmacist.  2 expert in chemistry 化学专家; 化学家./ˈkemɪstrɪ; `kɛmɪstrɪ/ n [U]  1 scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions 化学: Chemistry was her favourite subject at school. 她上学时最喜欢化学. * [attrib 作定语] a chemistry lesson 化学课.  2 chemical structure, properties (property 4) and reactions of a particular substance 某物质的化学组成、性质和反应: the chemistry of copper 铜的化学组成、性质和反应.  3 any mysterious or complex change or process 任何神秘的或复杂的变化或过程: the strange chemistry that causes two people to fall in love 使两人相爱的不可思议的过程./ˌkiːməʊˈθerəpɪ; ˌkimo`θɛrəpɪ/ n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and other chemical substances 化学疗法./ʃəˈniːl; ʃə`nil/ n [U] (a) thick velvety cord used for trimming furniture 雪尼尔线, 绳绒线（用以装饰家具的天鹅绒粗线）. (b) fabric made of this 雪尼尔线的织物./tʃek; tʃɛk/ n  1 (special printed form on which one writes an) order to a bank to pay a sum of money from one's account to another person 支票: write (sb)/sign a cheque for ￡50 给（某人）开[签]一张50英镑的支票 * Are you paying in cash or by cheque? 您付现款还是付支票?  2 (idm 习语) a blank cheque => blank. card issued by a bank to sb who has an account with it, guaranteeing payment of his cheques up to a specified amount 支票保付卡（银行发给存户的卡片, 保证支付其高达某预定限额的支票）.n book of printed cheques 支票簿.v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] mark (sth) with a pattern of squares or patches of different colours or shades 使（某物）呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格: a lawn chequered with sunlight and shade 有阳光和阴影交错的草坪./ˈtʃekə(r); `tʃɛkɚ/ n pattern of squares, usu of alternate colours 方格图案（通常为交错颜色的）. =>illus at pattern 见pattern之插图.adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) marked by periods of good and bad fortune 好运与恶运交替的: a chequered career/history/past 荣辱盛衰的事业[历史/过去]./ˈtʃerɪʃ; `tʃɛrɪʃ/ v [Tn]  1 protect or tend (sb/sth) lovingly; care for 爱护或珍爱（某人[某事物]）; 关心.  2 be fond of (sb/sth); love 喜爱（某人[某事物]）; 爱.  3 keep (a feeling or an idea) in one's mind or heart and think of it with pleasure 怀有（某种感情或想法）; 怀念: cherish the memory of one's dead mother 怀念先母 * cherish the hope of winning an Olympic medal 盼望获奥林匹克奖牌 * He cherishes the illusion that she's in love with him. 他怀有一种幻想, 认为她已经爱上他了./ʃəˈruːt; ʃə`rut/ n cigar with both ends open （两端都开口的）雪茄烟./ˈtʃerɪ; `tʃɛrɪ/ n  1 [C] small soft round fruit (red or black when ripe) containing a stone 樱桃. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图.  2 (a) (also `cherry-tree) [C] tree on which this fruit grows 樱桃树: a flowering cherry 开花的樱桃树 * [attrib 作定语] cherry blossom 樱桃花. (b) [U] wood of this tree 樱桃木.  2 [U] (also ,cherry `red) bright red colour 樱桃色; 鲜红色: [attrib 作定语] cherry lips 樱唇.  3 (idm 习语) have/get two bites at the cherry => bite2./ˈtʃerəb; `tʃɛrəb/ n  1 (pl ~im/ 5tFerEbIm; `tFZrE-bIm/) (Bible 圣经) one of the second highest order of angels, usu represented in paintings as a plump child with wings 二级天使（通常绘作圆胖有翼的孩子）. =>illus at angel 见angel之插图. Cf 参看 seraph.  2 (pl ~s) (a) (in art) angelic plump child with wings （艺术上的）天使般的圆胖而有翼的孩子. (b) sweet or innocent-looking child 可爱的或天真无邪的孩子./tʃɪˈruːbɪk; tʃə`rubɪk/ adj (esp of a child) with a plump and innocent face （尤指孩子）有着胖乎乎而天真无邪的面孔的./ˈtʃɜːvɪl; `tʃɝvɪl/ n [U] (a) type of garden herb 有喙欧芹. (b) its leaves used to flavour soups and salads 有喙欧芹叶（用作汤羹和色拉的调料）./tʃes; tʃɛs/ n [U] game for two people, played on a board with pieces that are moved in an attempt to checkmate the opponent's king 国际象棋. =>illus 见插图./ˈtʃesmæn; `tʃɛsˌmæn/ n (pl -men/ -men;-9mZn/) any of the pieces used in the game of chess （国际象棋的）棋子. =>illus 见插图.n chequered board with 64 black and white squares on which chess and draughts are played （国际象棋的）棋盘./tʃest; tʃɛst/ n  1 large strong box for storing or shipping things in 大箱子: a `tea chest 茶叶箱 * a `medicine chest 药品箱 * a `tool chest 工具箱.  2 upper front part of the body from the neck to the stomach 胸部: a hairy chest 多毛的胸部 * What size are you round the chest? 你的胸围是多少? * [attrib 作定语] `chest pains 胸部疼痛 * a `chest cold, ie one that affects the lungs 重感冒. =>illus at human 见human之插图.  3 (idm 习语) ,get sth off one's `chest (infml 口) say sth that one has wanted to say for a long time 说出积存已久的话: You're obviously worried about something; why not get it off your chest? 你显然有心事, 何不一吐为快? hold/keep one's cards close to one's chest => card1.piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes in （有抽屉的）衣橱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi./ˈtʃestəfiːld; `tʃɛstɚˌfild/ n sofa with a padded back, seat and ends （靠背、座位和两端都有垫料的）长沙发.n [U]./ˈtʃesnʌt; `tʃɛsˌnʌt/ n  1 (a) (also `chestnut tree) [C] any of various types of tree producing smooth reddish-brown nuts enclosed in prickly cases (those of some types being edible) 栗树. (b) [C] one of these nuts 栗子: roast chestnuts 炒栗子 * [attrib 作定语] chestnut stuffing, ie a mixture of chestnuts, herbs, etc used to stuff a chicken, turkey, etc 栗子馅（用以填充鸡、火鸡等）. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图. (c) wood of the chestnut tree 栗木: [attrib 作定语] a chestnut table 栗木桌子.  2 [U] deep reddish-brown colour 栗色（深棕红色）: [attrib 作定语] chestnut hair 栗色的头发 * a chestnut mare 栗色的雌马.  3 [C] horse of this colour 栗色马.  4 [C] (infml 口) old joke or story that is no longer amusing （因陈腐而无味的）笑话或故事: an old chestnut 老掉牙的笑话[故事].adj (Brit infml 口) tending to suffer from or showing the symptoms of bronchial disease 易患支气管疾病的; 有支气管疾患症状的: She often gets chesty in wet weather. 在潮湿天气, 她经常犯支气管炎. * a chesty cough 患支气管炎引起的咳嗽. /ˈʃevrən; `ʃɛvrən/ n bent line or stripe in the shape of a normal or upside-down V, worn by a policeman or soldier to show his rank （警察或士兵所佩带以示衔级的）`形或^形标志./tʃuː; tʃu/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) work or grind (food) between the teeth 嚼碎或咀嚼（食物）: Chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物要先嚼烂再下咽.  2 (idm 习语) bite off more than one can chew => bite1. ,chew the `cud (of sth) reflect upon sth already said or done; ponder sth 回味、体味、玩味某事物; 深思某事物. ,chew the `fat/`rag (infml 口) talk about sth, often in a grumbling or argumentative way 谈论某事物（常为以抱怨或争辩的方式）; 发牢骚; 唠叨; 拌嘴.  3 (phr v) chew sth over (infml 口) think about sth slowly and carefully （从容审慎地）细想某事物: ,chew over a `problem 仔细考虑一个问题 * I'll give you till tomorrow to ,chew it `over. 我给你一天时间考虑考虑这问题.

n  1 act of chewing 咀嚼.  2 thing that can be chewed, eg a sweet or a piece of tobacco 可以咀嚼的东西（如糖果或烟草）.n [U] sticky substance flavoured and sweetened for prolonged chewing 口香糖./kɪˈæntɪ; kɪ`æntɪ/ n [C, U] (particular type of) dry red or white wine, from central Italy 基安蒂葡萄酒（意大利中部产的不甜的红的或白的葡萄酒）./kɪˌɑːrəˈskʊərəʊ; kɪˌɑrə`skᴜro/ n [U] (art 美术)  1 treatment of the light and dark parts in a painting 明暗对照法（绘画中明暗部分的处理法）.  2 use of contrast in literature, music, etc （文学、音乐等中使用的）对比法./ʃiːk; ʃik/ adj elegant and stylish 高雅的: She always looks very chic. 她的样子总是很高雅.

n [U] stylishness and elegance 高雅: She dresses with chic. 她的穿着雅致./ʃɪˈkeɪnərɪ; ʃɪ`kenərɪ/ n  1 [U] use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指于法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为: accuse a politician of chicanery 谴责一政客的欺骗手段.  2 [C] trick or deception 哄骗; 欺骗./tʃɪk; tʃɪk/ n  1 young bird, esp a young chicken, just before or after hatching （即将孵出的或刚孵出的）雏鸟; （尤指）小鸡: a hen with her chicks 母鸡及其小鸡.  2 (dated sexist 旧, 性别偏见) young woman 黄毛丫头./ˈtʃɪk piː; `tʃɪkˌpi/ n (a) Asian plant grown for its edible pea-like seeds 鹰嘴豆（亚洲产, 豆状籽可食）. (b) one of these seeds ./ˈtʃɪkɪn; `tʃɪkɪn/ n  1 [C] young bird, esp of the domestic fowl 雏鸟; （尤指）小鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.  2 (a) [C] domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat 鸡: keep chickens 养鸡. Cf 参看 cock1, hen. (b) [U] its flesh eaten as food 鸡肉: slices of roast chicken 烧烤鸡肉片.  3 [C] (sl 俚) coward 胆小鬼; 懦夫.  4 [U] (sl 俚) children's game that tests sb's courage in the face of danger （儿童的）胆量比试游戏.  5 (idm 习语) be ,no (spring) `chicken (infml 口) (esp of women) be no longer young （尤指女子）已不年轻. count one's chickens => count1.

v (phr v) chicken out (of sth) (infml  口) decide not to do sth because one is afraid 因害怕而决定不做某事: He had an appointment to see the dentist but he chickened out (of it) at the last moment. 他已预约治牙, 但到时候却不敢去了.

adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) cowardly 胆小; 怯懦.type of thin wire netting 细铁丝网.n [U]  1 food for poultry 家禽饲料.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) small amount, esp of money 少量（尤指钱）: Your salary is chicken-feed compared to what you could earn in America. 你的薪水和美国的相比, 太少了.adj lacking courage; cowardly 缺乏勇气的; 胆小的.n [U] disease, esp of children, with a mild fever and itchy red spots on the skin 水痘: catch chicken-pox 患水痘.n area surrounded by a fence where chickens are kept 鸡圈./ˈtʃɪkwiːd; `tʃɪkˌwid/ n [U] common type of weed with small white flowers , ./ˈtʃɪkl; `tʃɪkl/ n [U] milky juice of a tropical American tree, the main ingredient of chewing-gum 糖胶树胶（美洲热带树的乳汁, 制口香糖的主要原料）./ˈtʃɪkərɪ; `tʃɪkərɪ/ n [U] (a) (also endive) blue-flowered plant, the leaves of which are eaten raw in salads 菊苣（开蓝花, 叶可作色拉）. (b) these leaves 菊苣叶. (c) root of this plant, roasted, ground and used with or instead of coffee 菊苣根（烤後磨碎与咖啡同用或作其代用品）./ˈtʃaɪd; tʃaɪd/ v (pt chided / 5tFaIdId; `tFaIdId/ or chid / tFId; tFId/, pp chided, chid or chidden / 5tFIdn;`tFIdn/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) rebuke; scold 指责; 责骂: She chided him for his laziness. 她责备他懒惰./tʃiːf; tʃif/ n  1 leader or ruler, esp of a tribe or clan 领袖; 统治者; （尤指）酋长, 族长.  2 person with the highest rank in an organization, a department, etc （组织、部门等的）最高级别的人, 首长, 领导人, 主任: a chief of police 警长.

adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] most important; main; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: the chief rivers of India 印度主要的河流 * The chief thing to remember is... 要记住的最重要的事是... * Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是导致肺癌的主要成因之一.  2 [attrib 作定语] having the highest rank or authority 最高级别的; 最高权威的: the chief priest 祭司长. chiefly adv (a) above all; principally 首先; 首要地: The Government is chiefly concerned with controlling inflation. 政府的当务之急是控制通货膨胀. (b) mostly; mainly 大部分; 主要地: Air consists chiefly of nitrogen. 空气主要由氮气组成.(Brit) head of the police force in a particular area （一地区的）警察局长.(in the armed forces) highest ranking member of the group of officers serving under and advising a commander （军队的）参谋长./ˈtʃiːftən; `tʃiftən/ n leader of a tribe or clan; chief （部落或氏族的）首领, 领袖; 酋长: a Highland chieftain 高地族长./ˈʃɪfɒn; <i>US</i> ʃɪˈfɒn; ʃɪ`fɑn/ n [U] thin, almost transparent fabric made of silk, nylon, etc 雪纺绸, 薄绸（丝、尼龙等制成的近乎透明的薄织物）: [attrib 作定语] a chiffon scarf 丝头巾./ˈʃiːnjɒn; `ʃinjɑn/ n woman's hair twisted into a coil or thick knot at the back of the head 发髻./tʃɪˈwɑːwə; <i>US</i> tʃɪˈwɑːwɑː; tʃɪ`wɑwɑ/ n type of very small smooth-haired dog, originally from Mexico 奇瓦瓦狗（毛光滑的小狗, 产自墨西哥）./ˈtʃɪlbleɪn; `tʃɪlˌblen/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) painful swelling, esp on the hand or foot, caused by exposure to cold 冻疮./tʃaɪld; tʃaɪld/ n (pl children/ 5tFIldrEn; `tFIldrEn/)  1 (a) young human being below the age of puberty; boy or girl 儿童: a child of six, ie one who is six years old 六岁的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a child actor 儿童演员. (b) son or daughter (of any age) （任何年龄的）儿子或女儿: an only child, ie one with no brothers or sisters 独生子女 * She is married with three children. 她已婚, 有三个孩子. =>App 8 见附录8. (c) unborn or newly born human being; baby 胎儿; 婴儿: She is expecting (ie is pregnant with) her first child. 她不久要生头胎.  2 (a) person who behaves like a child 行为像孩子的人: You wouldn't think a man of forty could be such a child. 想不到四十岁的人竟像个孩子. (b) inexperienced person 没有经验的人: He's a child in financial matters. 他在财务方面毫无经验.  3 ~ of sth person or thing strongly influenced by a period, place or person 受某时期、地方或人强烈影响的人或事物; 产儿; 产物: She's a real child of the(19)60's. 她是真正的（二十世纪）六十年代的产儿.  4 (idm 习语) be with child (arch 古) be pregnant 怀孕. the child is father of the man (saying 谚) the experiences of childhood determine a person's character as an adult 童年的经历可决定成年後的性格. `child's play (infml 口) thing that is very easy to do 容易做的事: It's not a difficult climb  it should be child's play for an experienced mountaineer. 这次攀登并不难--对于有经验的登山运动员应是轻而易举的事. an only child => only1. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2.(Brit) payment made by the Government to parents of children up to a certain age 儿童补助金（政府发给儿童的父母, 到儿童某一年龄为止）.n [U] giving birth to children 生孩子: [attrib 作定语] She's past child-bearing age. 她已过生育年龄.n (esp Brit) person who is paid to look after children, esp those of parents who are both at work 受雇照顾孩子的人（尤指因孩子父母都工作）.adj (of equipment, appliances, etc) which cannot be operated, opened, damaged, etc by a young child （指设备、用具等）防儿童的（不能被幼儿开动、打开、损坏...的）: Most car doors are now fitted with child-proof locks. 汽车门现在大都装有预防儿童开启的锁.n [U] process of giving birth to a child 分娩: She died in childbirth. 她分娩时死亡./ˈtʃaɪldhʊd; `tʃaɪldˌhᴜd/ n  1 [U, C] condition or period of being a child 童年; 幼年时代: the joys of childhood 童年的快乐 * She had an unhappy childhood. 她的童年很不幸. * [attrib 作定语] childhood memories 童年的回忆.  2 (idm 习语) a/one's second `childhood (often joc 常作戏谑语) period in later life when one acts as one did as a child 行为像孩提时的晚年时期; 老小孩: He's in his second childhood, playing with his grandson's toy trains. 他返老还童, 玩儿他孙子的玩具火车./ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ; `tʃaɪldɪʃ/ (a) (characteristic) of a child 孩子（特有）的: childish laughter 孩子的笑声. (b) (derog 贬) (of an adult) (behaving) like a child; immature; silly （指成人）（举止）像孩子的, 幼稚的, 傻里傻气的: Don'tbe so childish! 不要这么孩子气! * a childish attitude, fear,remark 幼稚的态度、恐惧、言语. Cf 参看 childlike (child).adv: behave childishly 表现得像孩子. n [U].adj having no children 无子女的: a childless couple/marriage 无子女的夫妻[婚姻生活].adj (esp approv 尤作褒义) like or characteristicof a child; innocent; not devious 孩子般的; 孩子气的; 天真的; 无邪的: childlike enjoyment, trust, honesty, etc 孩子般的欢乐、信任、诚实等. Cf 参看 childish.(US) = chilli./tʃɪl; tʃɪl/ n  1 [sing] unpleasant coldness in the air, in the body, in water, etc 寒冷: There's quite a chill in the air this morning. 今晨空气很寒冷.  2 [C] illness caused by cold and damp, with shivering of the body; feverish cold 受寒; 着凉; 感冒发烧: catch a chill 着凉.  3 [sing] (fig 比喻) feeling of gloom or depression 冷淡; 寒心: The bad news cast a chill over the gathering. 这坏消息使参加聚会的人颇为扫兴.

v  1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) cold 使（某人）感到冷; 使（某物）冷却: The March wind chilled us. 三月的风使我们感到十分寒冷. * (fig 比喻) His sinister threat chilled (ie frightened) all who heard it. 他这一凶恶的威胁使所有听到的人不寒而栗.  2 (a) [I, Tn] (cause food and drink to) become cool, eg in a refrigerator （指食物和饮料）变凉或冷却（如在冰箱中）: Let the pudding chill for an hour. 把布丁冰镇一小时. * This wine is best served chilled. 这种葡萄酒最好冷饮. (b) [Tn] preserve (food) at a low temperature without freezing it 冷藏（在低温而未冰冻的情况下保存）（食物）: chilled beef 冷藏的牛肉.  3 [Tn] lessen (sth); dampen 减少（某事物）; 减轻: The raw weather chilled our enthusiasm for a swim. 天气阴冷, 我们游泳的兴致大减.  4 (idm 习语) chill sb to the `bone/`marrow make sb very cold 使某人感到非常冷: Come by the fire  you must be chilled to the marrow! 到火旁边来吧--你一定冻坏了.

adj = chilly: a chill wind 寒风.(US chili) / 5tFIlI; `tFIlI/ n (pl chillies; US chilies) [C, U] small pod of a type of pepper plant, often dried or made into powder and used to give a hot taste to food 辣椒: How much chilli did you put in the curry? 你在咖喱食品中放了多少辣椒? * [attrib 作定语] chilli peppers 辣椒 * `chilli powder 辣椒粉./kɒn ˈkɑːnɪ; kɑn `kɑrnɪ/ stew of minced beef and kidney beans, flavoured with chillies or chilli powder 辣味牛肉末炖菜豆.n [U]./ˈtʃɪlɪŋ; `tʃɪlɪŋ/ adj frightening 吓人的: a chilling ghost story 吓人的鬼故事./ˈtʃɪlɪ; `tʃɪlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 rather cold; unpleasantly cold 寒冷的; 冷得难受的: a chilly day, morning, room 寒冷的天、早晨、房间 * feel chilly 感到寒冷.  2 (fig 比喻) unfriendly 冷淡的; 不友好的: a chilly welcome, reception, stare 冷淡的迎接、接待、注视 * chilly politeness 冷淡的客套. /tʃaɪm; tʃaɪm/ n  1 set of tuned bells 成套编钟; 排钟: a chime of bells 一套编钟.  2 series of notes sounded by such a set 编钟发出的声音: ring the chimes 敲编钟 * the chime of church bells/of the clock 教堂钟[时钟]的钟声.

v  1 (a) [I] (of bells) sound a chime; ring （指钟）敲出乐声; 响: cathedral bells chiming 大教堂钟声在响. (b) [Tn] cause (bells) to ring 使（钟）响; 敲.  2 [I, Tn] (of bells or a clock) show (the time) by ringing （指钟或时钟）响声报（时）: The church clock chimed (at) midnight. 教堂午夜钟响报时.  3 (phr v) chime in (with sth) (infml 口) interrupt a conversation 插话: He kept chiming in with his own opinions. 他不断插话发表意见. chime (in) with sth (infml 口) fit sth; suit sth 符合某事; 适合某事: It's good that your plans chime (in) with ours. 你们的计划和我们的相吻合, 真是好极了./kaɪˈmɪərə; kaɪ`mɪrə/ n  1 imaginary monster made up of parts of several different animals （由几种动物的各部分构成的）假想的怪物.  2 (fig 比喻) wild or impossible idea 不可能实现的想法; 幻想; 妄想./kaɪˈmerɪkl; kaɪ`mɛrɪkl/ adj unreal; fanciful 不真实的; 奇异的: chimerical ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的主意、计划等./ˈtʃɪmnɪ; `tʃɪmnɪ/ n  1 structure through which smoke or steam is carried away from a fire, furnace, etc and through the roof or wall of a building 烟囱: a blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱 * factory chimneys 工厂的烟囱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.  2 glass tube that protects the flame of an oil-lamp from draughts （油灯的）玻璃灯罩.  3 (in mountaineering) narrow opening in a rock or cliff up which a person may climb （登山中）（岩石或峭壁中的）狭孔（可供人攀登的）. =>illus at mountain 见mountain之插图.n projecting part of the wall of a room which encloses the bottom of the chimney and the fireplace 壁炉腔.n = mantelpiece.n short metal or earthenware pipe fitted to the top of a chimney 烟囱管帽（装在烟囱顶上的短的金属管或陶管）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.n group of chimneys standing together, esp on a roof 烟囱体（立在一起的一组烟囱, 尤指屋顶上的）.n person whose job is removing soot, etc from inside chimneys 烟囱清洁工./tʃɪmp; tʃɪmp/ n (infml 口) chimpanzee 黑猩猩./ˌtʃɪmpənˈziː, ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː; ˌtʃɪmpæn`zi/ n type of small African ape 黑猩猩. =>illus at ape 见ape之插图./ˈtʃɪn; tʃɪn/ n  1 part of the face below the mouth; front part of the lower jaw 颏; 下巴: a double chin, ie a fold of fat under the chin 双下巴. =>illus at head 见head之插图.  2 (idm 习语) chuck sb under the chin => chuck1. keep one's `chin up (infml 口) remain cheerful in difficult circumstances 在困难环境下仍然乐观; 毫不气馁.n strap on a helmet, etc, that fastens under the chin 下颏带（钢盔等上系在颏下的带子）.n (Brit infml 口) chat 聊天; 闲谈: have a chin-wag 聊天./ˈtʃaɪnə; `tʃaɪnə/ n [U]  1 (a) fine baked and glazed white clay; porcelain 瓷; 瓷料; 瓷器: made of china 瓷制的 * [attrib 作定语] a china vase 瓷花瓶. (b) objects made of this, eg cups, saucers, plates 瓷制品（如杯、碟、盘）: household china 家用瓷器 * Shall we use the (ieour) best china? 我们是用（我们）最好的瓷器吗?  2 (idm 习语) a bull in a china shop => bull1.= kaolin.n cupboard in which china is kept or displayed 瓷器柜（放置或展示瓷器的柜）.n [U] = china 1./tʃɪnˈtʃɪlə; tʃɪn`tʃɪlə/ n  1 [C] small squirrel-like S American animal 毛丝鼠（南美洲像松鼠的小动物）.  2 [U] soft grey fur of this animal 毛丝鼠的软灰毛皮./tʃaɪn; tʃaɪn/ n (a) animal's backbone （动物的）脊骨, 脊柱, 脊椎. (b) joint of meat including part of this 脊肉（带部分脊骨的肉）; 排骨肉./tʃɪnk; tʃɪŋk/ n  1 narrow opening; crack; slit 缝隙; 裂口; 裂缝: Sunlight entered the room through a chink in the curtains. 阳光穿过窗帘的缝隙照射到室内. * He peeped through a chink in the fence. 他从围栏的缝隙窥视.  2 (idm 习语) a chink in sb's `armour weak point or flaw in sb's argument, character, etc （论点、性格等的）弱点或缺陷.

/tʃɪŋk; tʃɪŋk/ n ~ (of sth) light ringing sound (as) of coins, glasses, etc striking together （硬币、玻璃杯等相互轻碰的）叮当声: the chink of crockery 陶器相碰发出的叮当声.

v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (A and B) (together) (cause things to) make this sound （使）发叮当声: We chinked glasses and drank each other's health. 我们叮叮当当地碰杯为彼此的健康祝酒.adj  1 having a small chin, regarded as a sign of a weak character 小下巴的（视为性格懦弱的标志）.  2 (idm 习语) a chinless `wonder (Brit infml 口) (esp young upper-class) person with a weak character （尤指上层社会的青年）性格懦弱者./tʃɪnts; tʃɪnts/ n [U] type of (usu glazed) cotton cloth with a printed design, used for curtains, furniture covers, etc （通常擦光的）印花棉布（用作窗帘、家具罩布等）./tʃɪp; tʃɪp/ n  1 thin piece cut or broken off from wood, stone, china, glass, etc （木、石、瓷、玻璃等切割下或碰下的）薄片, 破片, 碎块, 碎屑: a chip of wood 木屑.  2 place from which such a piece has been broken （这种碎块所留下的）缺损处: This mug has a chip in it. 这个缸子上有个缺口. =>illus 见插图.  3 (US French `fry) (usu pl 通常作复数) thin strip of potato fried in deep fat 炸马铃薯条: a plate of chips 一盘炸土豆条 *,fish and `chips, ie fish coated in batter, fried and served with chips 炸鱼和炸土豆条. =>illus at potato 见potato之插图.  4 (US) = crisp n.  5 flat plastic counter2(1) used to represent money, esp in gambling 筹码（用以代钱, 尤用于赌博）.  6 = microchip.  7 (also `chip shot) (esp in golf and football) shot or kick that travels steeply upwards and then lands within a short distance （尤指高尔夫球和足球）高球.  8 (idm 习语) a ,chip off the old `block (infml 口) person (esp a man or boy) who is like his father in character 性格像父亲的人（尤指男的）. have a `chip on one's shoulder (infml 口) be bitter, resentful or defiant because one feels that one's past, background, physical appearance, etc, causes other people to be prejudiced against one 因感到自己的过去、背景、外貌等使别人产生偏见而怀恨、不满或对抗: She's got a chip on her shoulder about not having gone to university. 她因为没有进入大学而愤愤不平. have had one's `chips (Brit sl 俚) be dead, dying or defeated 已死、垂死或受挫. when the chips are down (infml 口) when a crisis point is reached 危急关头: When the chips were down he found the courage to carry on. 他在关键时刻勇于坚持到底.

/tʃɪp; tʃɪp/ v  1 (a) [Tn] break or cut (sth) at the edge or surface （在边缘或表面）打破或切削（某物）: a badly chipped saucer 边缘严重破损的碟子 * chip a tooth 锛了牙齿 * He chipped one of my best glasses. 他碰坏了我最好的玻璃杯. =>illus 见插图. (b) [I] (tend to) break at the edge or surface （易于）从边缘或表面破裂: Be careful with these plates  they chip very easily. 小心这些盘子--边缘容易破损. * The paint is chipping badly. 油漆在严重剥落.  2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth off break or cut (a small piece) from the edge or surface of sth 从某物的边缘或表面折下或切下（一小块）: A piece was chipped off the piano when we moved house. 我们搬家时钢琴碰掉了一小块. * We chipped the old plaster (away) (ie removed it in small pieces) from the wall. 我们把旧墙皮从墙上铲掉. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ off (sth) be broken off in small pieces 呈小块掉下; 剥落: The paint has chipped off where the table touches the wall. 桌子接触墙壁的地方漆皮已剥落.  3 [Tn] shape or carve (sth) by cutting the edge or surface (with an axe, chisel, etc) （用斧、凿等切削边缘或表面）雕刻（某物）或使（某物）成形; 砍成; 凿成.  4 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (potatoes) into chips (chip1 3) 将（土豆）切成小条: chipped potatoes 土豆条.  5 [I, Tn] (esp in golf and football, etc) strike or kick (the ball) so that it travels steeply upwards and then lands within a short distance （尤指高尔夫球或足球）打高或踢高（球）.  6 (phr v) chip away at sth continuously break off small pieces from sth 从某物上不断除去小块: chipping away at a block of marble with a chisel 用凿子在大理石上不停地凿 * (fig 比喻) He kept chipping away at the problem until he had solved it. 他一直在琢磨这一问题, 直到把它解决为止. chip in (with sth) (infml 口) (a) join in or interrupt a conversation 参加谈话或插嘴: She chipped in with some interesting remarks. 她插进一些话, 说得很有趣. (b) contribute (money) 凑（钱）; 捐（款）: If everyone chips `in we'll be able to buy her a really nice leaving present. 若每个人都凑些钱, 就能真正给她买件好的送别礼物.n [U] building material made of compressed wood chips and resin 刨花板（用压缩木片和树脂制成的建筑材料）./ˈtʃɪpmʌŋk; `tʃɪpmʌŋk/ n small striped squirrel-like N American animal 花鼠（北美洲产, 有条纹, 似松鼠）./ˌtʃɪpəˈlɑːtə; ˌtʃɪpə`lɑtə/ n (esp Brit) small sausage 小香肠./ˈtʃɪpəndeɪl; `tʃɪpənˌdel/ n [U] elegant style of 18th-century English furniture 奇彭代尔式家具（18世纪英国精美的家具）: [attrib 作定语] Chippendale chairs 奇彭代尔式的椅子.n [pl] chips of stone, etc used for making a road surface （石头等的）碎块（用于铺路面）; 碎石: Danger! Loose chippings, eg as a warning to motorists. 危险! 小心路面碎石（如用以警告开车的人）./kɪˈrɒpədɪst; kə`rɑpədɪst/ (US podiatrist)n person whose job is treating or preventing minor disorders of people's feet 足科治疗师./kɪˈrɒpədɪ; kə`rɑpədɪ/ (US podiatry) n [U] such treatment 足病治疗与预防术./ˌkaɪərəʊˈpræktɪk; ˌkaɪrə`præktɪk/ n [U] such treatment 按摩（尤指脊关节）疗法./ˈkaɪərəʊpræktə(r); `kaɪrəˌpræktɚ/ n person whose job is treating diseases by manipulating people's joints, esp those of the spine 按摩师./tʃɜːp; tʃɝp/ n short sharp sound made by a small bird or a cricket （小鸟或蟋蟀发出的）短而尖的叫声; 啁啾声; 唧唧声: the chirp of a sparrow 麻雀叽叽喳喳的叫声.

v [I, Ip] make this sound 作唧唧声: birds chirping (away) merrily in the trees 树林中快乐地叽叽喳喳叫（个不停）的小鸟.adv: whistle chirpily 快活地吹口哨. n [U]./ˈtʃɜːpɪ; `tʃɝpɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) lively and cheerful 活泼的; 快活的: You seem very chirpy today! 今天你好像很快活似的! /ˈtʃɪrəp; `tʃɪrəp/ n series of chirps 连续的唧唧声.

v (-p-) [I] make a chirrup; twitter 唧唧叫./ˈtʃɪzl; `tʃɪzl/ n tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end, for shaping wood, stone or metal 凿子; 錾子. =>illus 见插图.

v (-ll-; US also -l-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (into sth) cut or shape sth with a chisel 用凿子或錾子凿开或凿成某物: The sculptor chiselled the lump of marble into a fine statue. 雕刻家把大理石块凿成优美的雕像. * (fig 比喻) a woman with (finely) chiselled features, ie a sharply defined face 眉清目秀的女人. (b) ~ sth (out of sth) form sth using a chisel 用凿子做成某物: a temple chiselled out of solid rock 在岩石中凿出的庙宇.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (sl 俚) cheat or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人.n (US also chiseler) person who chisels (chisel 2) people; swindler 骗子./tʃɪt; tʃɪt/ n  1 young child 幼儿.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) small or thin young woman 瘦小的少女: a mere chit of a girl 只是个黄毛丫头.

/tʃɪt; tʃɪt/ n  1 short written note or letter 便条; 短信.  2 note showing an amount of money owed, eg for drinks at a hotel 欠条, 记帐单（如用旅馆中的饮料）: Can I sign a chit for the drinks I've ordered? 我要的饮料可以记帐吗?/ˈtʃɪt tʃæt; `tʃɪt ˌtʃæt/ n [U] (infml 口) chat; gossip 闲谈; 聊天./ˈʃɪvlrəs; `ʃɪvlrəs/ adj  1 (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect knight （中世纪的）表现出完美的骑士精神的.  2 (of men) courteous and considerate towards women; gallant （指男子）对女子谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤的, 有骑士风度的: a chivalrous old gentleman 彬彬有体的绅士. adv./ˈʃɪvəlrɪ; `ʃɪvlrɪ/ n [U]  1 (a) (in the Middle Ages) ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honour, courtesy and concern for the weak and helpless （中世纪的）骑士精神（如勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）. (b) religious, moral and social system of the Middle Ages, based on these qualities 骑士制度: the age of chivalry 骑士制度时代.  2 courtesy and considerate behaviour, esp towards women 谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤（尤指对女子）./tʃaɪv; tʃaɪv/ n [C] (a) small herb with purple flowers and slender onion-flavoured leaves 细香葱（开紫花, 叶狭长有洋葱味）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) these leaves chopped and used to flavour or decorate salads, etc 细香葱叶（作色拉调料或装饰用切碎的）./ˈtʃɪvɪ; `tʃɪvɪ/ v (pt, pp chivvied, chivied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] ~ sb (into sth/along) (infml 口) continuously urge sb to do sth, often in an annoying way 不断催促某人做某事（常使人烦恼）: His mother kept on chivvying him to get his hair cut. 他母亲一直唠唠叨叨地催他去理发./ˈklɔːraɪd; `klɔraɪd/ n [U] compound of chlorine and one other element 氯化物: sodium chloride 氯化钠./ˈklɔːrɪneɪt; `klɔrɪˌnet/ v [Tn] treat or sterilize (esp water) with chlorine 用氯处理或消毒（尤指水）: Is the swimming-pool chlorinated? 游泳池的水用氯消毒了吗? /ˌklɔːrɪˈneɪʃn; ˌklɔrɪ`neʃən/ n [U]./ˈklɔːriːn; `klɔrin/ n [U] chemical element, a poisonous greenish-yellow gas with a pungent smell, used to sterilize water and in industry 氯. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈklɒrəfɔːm; <i>US</i> ˈklɔːr-; `klɔrəˌfɔrm/ n [U] colourless liquid, the vapour of which makes a person unconscious when it is breathed in 氯仿.

v [Tn] make (sb) unconscious with this 用氯仿使（某人）失去知觉./ˈklɒrəfɪl; <i>US</i> ˈklɔːr-; `klɔrəˌfɪl/ n [U] green substance in plants that absorbs energy from sunlight to help them grow 叶绿素. Cf 参看 photosynthesis./ˌsiː eɪtʃ ˈem; ˌsi etʃ `ɛm/ abbr 缩写 = Master of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Magister) 外科硕士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Magister）: have/be a ChM 有外科硕士学位[为外科硕士] * John Wall ChM 约翰·沃尔外科硕士./tʃɒk; tʃɑk/ n (Brit infml 口) chocolate 巧克力: a box of chocs 一盒巧克力.n (Brit) small block of ice-cream thinly coated with chocolate 巧克力脆皮冰棍儿./tʃɒk; tʃɑk/ n block or wedge used to prevent a wheel, barrel, door, etc, from moving （用以防止轮子、桶、门等移动的）垫块.

v [Tn] wedge (sth) with a chock or chocks 用垫块塞住（某物）.adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth/sb) completely full; tightly packed 充满; 塞满: The town centre was chock-a-block (with traffic). 市中心（车辆）挤得水泄不通.adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) completely full 充满: The dustbin is chock-full (of rubbish). 垃圾箱塞满了（垃圾）./ˈtʃɒklət; `tʃɑkələt/ n  1 [U] brown edible substance in the form of powder or a block, made from roasted and crushed cacao seeds 巧克力.  2 [U, C] sweet made of or coated with this 巧克力糖; 夹心巧克力糖: a bar of (milk/plain) chocolate 一条（牛奶的[纯的]）巧克力糖 * a box of chocolates 一盒巧克力糖 * Have another chocolate. 再吃一块巧克力糖.  3 [U] drink made by mixing powdered chocolate with hot water or milk 巧克力粉与热水或奶混合制成的饮料: a mug of hot chocolate 一缸子热巧克力饮料.  4 [sing] colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色; 深褐色.

adj  1 made or coated with chocolate 用巧克力制成的; 有巧克力糖衣的: chocolate sauce 巧克力汁 * a chocolate biscuit 巧克力饼乾.  2 having the colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色的; 深褐色的: a chocolate carpet 深褐色地毯./ˈtʃɔɪs; tʃɔɪs/ n  1 [C] ~ (between A and B) act of choosing between two or more possibilities 挑选; 选择: make a choice 做出选择 * We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临困难的抉择. * What influenced you most in your choice of career? 在你选择职业时, 对你影响最大的因素是什么?  2 [U] right or possibility of choosing 选择的权利或可能性: He had no choice but to resign, ie Resigning was the only thing he could do. 他除了辞职别无他途. * If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty. 假如我有选择的余地, 我三十岁就退休.  3 [C] one of two or more possibilities from which sb may choose; alternative 可供选择的可能性之一; 另一选择: You have several choices open to you. 有几种可能性供你选择.  4 [C] person or thing chosen 选中的人或物; 中选者: She wouldn't be my choice as Prime Minister. 她不是我看中做首相的人. * I don't like his choice of (ie the people he chooses as his) friends. 我不喜欢他找的那类朋友.  5 [U] variety from which to choose; range 供选择的种类; 范围: There's not much choice in the shops. 这些商店中没有多少可挑选的东西.  6 (idm 习语) be spoilt for choice => spoil. for choice preferably 宁可. of one's choice that one chooses 某人所选定的: First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice. 获头奖者可自选饭店用一餐. out of/from choice willingly 愿意地: do sth out of choice 出于自愿做某事物. you pays your money and you takes your choice => pay2.

adj (-r, -st)  1  [esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of fruit and vegetables) of very good quality （尤指水果和蔬菜）优质的.  2 carefully chosen 精选的: She summed up the situation in a few choice phrases. 她言简意赅地总结了情况. * (joc 谑) He used some pretty choice (ie rude or offensive) language! 他使用粗鄙的语言!/ˈkwaɪə(r); kwaɪr/ n  1 [CGp] organized group of singers, esp one that performs in church services 合唱队（尤指教堂作礼拜时合唱者的）; 唱诗班: She sings in the school choir. 她在校唱诗班唱歌.  2 [C] part of a church where these singers sit 教堂中唱诗班坐的席位: [attrib 作定语] choir stalls 唱诗班席位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.school attached to or associated with a cathedral or college 唱诗班学校（附属于大教堂或学院或与之有关的学校）.n boy who sings in a church choir 唱诗班的男童歌手.n person who trains and conducts a choir 唱诗班指挥./tʃəʊk; tʃok/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) be unable to breathe because one's windpipe is blocked by sth 窒息: She choked (to death) on a fish bone. 鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（致死）.  2 [Tn] cause (sb) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe; (of smoke, etc) make (sb) unable to breathe easily （掐住或阻塞气管）使（某人）停止呼吸; （指烟等）使（某人）难以呼吸; 呛: choke the life out of sb 扼死某人 * The fumes almost choked me. 烟雾几乎把我呛死.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) (cause sb to) become speechless （使某人）说不出话来: She was choking with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来. * Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (up) (with sth) block or fill (a passage, space, etc); clog or smother sth 阻塞, 充满（通道、空间等）; 填满某物; 窒息某物: The drains are choked (up) with dead leaves. 下水道被枯叶堵住. * The garden is choked with weeds. 花园杂草丛生.  5 (phr v) choke sth back restrain or suppress sth 克制、抑制、忍住或压制某事物: choke back one's tears, anger, indignation 忍住眼泪、愤怒、义愤. choke sth down swallow sth with difficulty 困难地咽下某物. choke sb off (infml 口) (a) interrupt sb rudely or abruptly 粗鲁地或突然阻止某人. (b) reprimand sb severely (for doing sth) 严厉申斥某人（之所为）.

n  1 act or sound of choking 窒息; 窒息时发出的声音.  2 (knob which operates the) valve controlling the flow of air into a petrol engine 阻风门（开关）（控制进入汽油机空气量的阀门）: Won't your car start? Try giving it a bit more choke, ie letting more air into the engine by pulling out the choke. 你的汽车不能启动啦? 把阻风门开大一点儿（外拉阻风门钮让更多的空气进入发动机）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) upset; angry 心烦; 愤怒: He was pretty choked about being dropped from the team. 他因为队里未选用他而耿耿于怀./ˈtʃəʊkə(r); `tʃokɚ/ n close-fitting necklace or band of material worn round the throat by women （女子紧围颈部的）项链或箍带: a pearl choker 短的珍珠项链./ˈkɒlərə; `kɑlərə/ n [U] infectious and often fatal disease causing severe diarrhoea and vomiting, common in hot countries 霍乱: an outbreak of cholera 霍乱突然蔓延 * [attrib 作定语] a cholera epidemic 霍乱流行./ˈkɒlərɪk; `kɑlərɪk/ adj easily angered; bad-tempered 易怒的; 坏脾气的./kəˈlestərɒl; kə`lɛstəˌrɔl/ n [U] fatty substance found in animal fluids and tissue, thought to cause hardening of the arteries 胆固醇: [attrib 作定语] A high cholesterol level in the blood can cause heart disease. 血液中胆固醇含量高可导致心脏病./tʃuːz; tʃuz/ v (pt chose/ tFEUz; tFoz/, pp chosen/ 5tFEUzn; `tFozn/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ (between A and/or B); ~ (A) (from B); ~ sb/sth as sth pick out or select (sb/sth that one prefers or considers the best, most suitable, etc) from a number of alternatives 选择, 挑选, 选取（某人[某事物]）: choose carefully 细心挑选 * She had to choose between giving up her job or hiring a nanny. 她得在放弃工作和雇用保姆两者间作一选择. * We offer a wide range of holidays to choose from. 我们提供各种旅游度假方式可供选择. * choose a carpet, career, chairman 挑选地毯、选择职业、选举主席 * We have to choose a new manager from a short-list of five candidates. 我们得从五位候选人中挑选新经理. * The Americans chose Mr Clinton as president/to be president. 美国人选举了克林顿先生任[当]总统.  2 (a) [Tw no passive 不用于被动语态, Tt] decide (to do one thing rather than another) 决定（做一事而不做另一事）: Have you chosen what you want for your birthday? 你过生日要什么东西决定了吗? * We chose to go by train. 我们决定乘火车去. (b) [I, Tt] like; prefer 喜欢; 愿意: You may do as you choose. 你喜欢怎么做就怎么做. * The author chooses to remain anonymous. 作者愿不署名.  3 (idm 习语) pick and choose => pick3. there is nothing, not much, little, etc to choose between A and B there is very little difference between two or more things or people 事物与事物或人与人之间无甚差别.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Select suggests a more carefully considered decision than choose *用select表示所作出的决定比用choose考虑得更为周到: Our shops select only the very best quality produce. 我们商店都是精选的质量最高的产品. Pick is less formal than select *pick比select通俗: Who are you going to pick for the team? 你打算挑选谁参加这个队? Choose suggests a freely made decision and can refer to a decision between only two items. (We usually select or pick from a number greater than two) 用choose表示的是自由作出的决定, 可仅指两者之间. （不止两项时通常用select或pick）: She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one. 她选中那件红毛衣而不要那件粉红的. Opt (for) refers to the choice of courses of action rather than of items and suggests the weighing up of advantages and disadvantages *opt (for) 所指的选择对象是行动而不是项目, 且有权衡利弊之意: Most people opt for buying their own homes rather than renting them. 大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子.n [U]./ˈtʃuːzɪ; `tʃuzɪ/ adj (-sier, -siest) (infml 口) careful in choosing; fussy or hard to please 精心挑选的; 挑剔的; 难以取悦的: She's very choosy about who she goes out with. 她愿意和谁幽会不愿意和谁幽会是很挑剔的. /tʃɒp; tʃɑp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (into sth) cut sth into pieces with an axe, a knife, etc （用斧、刀等）将某物切碎, 劈开, 剁碎: chopping wood in the garden 在花园中劈木头 * He chopped the logs (up) into firewood, ie into sticks. 他把原木劈成了柴. * Chop the meat into cubes before frying it. 把肉切成方块再炸. * finely chopped onions, carrots, parsley, etc 剁碎的洋葱、胡萝卜、芫荽等.  2 [Tn] hit (sth) with a short downward stroke or blow 剁, 砍（某物）. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (Brit infml 口) stop or greatly reduce (sth) 终止或削减（某事物）: Bus services in this area have been chopped. 这一地区的公共汽车班次已大为削减.  4 (phr v) chop at sth aim blows at sth with an axe, a knife, etc （用斧、刀等）向某物砍或劈. chop sth down cause sth to fall down by cutting it at the base 砍倒（某物）: chop down a dead tree 砍倒枯树. chop sth off (sth) remove sth (from sth) by cutting with an axe, etc （用斧等）砍掉某物: He chopped a branch off the tree. 他从树上砍下一根树枝. * (infml 口) Charles I had his head chopped off. 查里一世遭斩首. chop a/one's way through sth make a path through sth by chopping branches, etc （砍掉树枝等）开路穿过某处.

/tʃɒp; tʃɑp/ n  1 [C] (a) cutting stroke, esp one made with an axe 砍, 劈（尤指用斧）: She cut down the sapling with one chop. 她一斧子就把树苗砍倒了. (b) chopping blow, esp one made with the side of the hand 砍击（尤指用掌侧）; 掌劈: a karate chop 空手道掌劈.  2 [C] thick slice of meat, usu including a rib 粗肉条（通常带肋骨）; 排骨: a pork/lamb/mutton chop 猪[羔羊/羊]排骨.  3 the chop [sing] (sl 俚 esp Brit) act of dismissing or killing sb; act of discontinuing sth 辞退某人; 杀掉某人; 中止某事物: She got the chop after ten years with the company. 她在公司工作十年後遭解雇. * The public spending cuts will mean the chop for several hospitals. 削减公费开支意味着要砍掉几所医院.

/tʃɒp; tʃɑp/ v (-pp-)  1 (idm 习语) ,chop and `change keep changing one's plans, opinions, etc 不断改变计划、意见等; 变化无常.  2 (phr v) chop about/round (of the wind) change direction suddenly （指风）突然改变方向. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1./ˌtʃɒpˈsuːɪ; `tʃɑp`suɪ/ n [U] Chinese dish of small pieces of meat fried with rice and vegetables 炒饭./ˈtʃɒpə(r); `tʃɑpɚ/ n  1 chopping tool, esp a short axe or a butcher's heavy knife with a large blade 砍割工具（尤指短斧或屠夫的宽刃重刀）; 砍刀; 屠刀.  2 (infml 口) helicopter 直升飞机.n [U]./ˈtʃɒpɪ; `tʃɑpɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (of the sea) moving in short broken waves; slightly rough （指海洋）有浪花起伏的, 稍有波浪的. /ˈtʃɒpstɪks; `tʃɑpˌstɪks/ n [pl] pair of thin sticks made of wood, ivory, etc, used in China, Japan, etc for lifting food to the mouth 筷子./ˈkɔːrəl; `kɔrəl/ adj of, composed for or sung by a choir 唱诗班的; 为唱诗班创作的; 由唱诗班演唱的: a choral society 唱诗班合唱团 * choral evensong 合唱晚祷 * Beethoven's choral symphony 贝多芬的合唱交响曲./kəˈrɑːl; kə`rɑl/ n  1 (music for a) hymn sung by a choir and congregation together, as part of a church service 众赞歌（曲调）.  2 (esp US) group of singers; choir 合唱队; 唱诗班./kɔːd; kɔrd/ n (in music) combination of notes usu sounded together in harmony （音乐的）和弦, 和音.

/kɔːd; kɔrd/ n  1 (mathematics 数) straight line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle or the ends of an arc 弦（与圆的两点或弧的两端相交的直线）. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图.  2 string of a harp, etc （竖琴等的）弦.  3 (idm 习语) strike a chord => strike2. touch the right chord => touch2./tʃɔː(r); tʃɔr/ n  1 small routine task 日常的零星事务; 琐事: do the chores, eg the housework 干杂活儿（如家务活儿） * household/domestic chores, ie dusting, ironing, making the beds, etc 家务杂活儿（打扫、熨衣、铺床等）.  2 unpleasant or tiring task 讨厌的或累人的工作: She finds shopping a chore. 她认为买东西是烦人的事./ˈkɒrɪəgrɑːf, also -græf; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːrɪəgræf; `kɔrɪəˌˇræf/ v [Tn] design and arrange steps and dances for (a ballet, etc) 为（芭蕾舞等）设计舞步与编舞; 设计舞蹈动作./ˌkɒrɪˈɒgrəfə(r); <i>US</i> ˌkɔːrɪ-; ˌkɔrɪ`ɑˇrəfɚ/ n. /ˌkɒrɪəˈgræfɪk; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːrɪ-; ˌkɔrɪə`ˇræfɪk/ adj./ˌkɒrɪˈɒgrəfɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːrɪ-; ˌkɔrɪ`ɑˇrəfɪ/ n [U] (art of designing and arranging) steps for ballet and dancing on stage （芭蕾舞和其他舞台舞的）舞步（的设计与编排艺术）. /ˈkɒrɪstə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrɪstɚ/ n member of a choir, esp a choirboy 唱诗班歌手（尤指男童歌手）./ˈtʃɔːtl; `tʃɔrtl/ n loud chuckle of pleasure or amusement 大声的笑; 咯咯的笑.

v [I] utter a chortle 哈哈大笑; 咯咯笑: chortle with delight at a joke 让笑话逗得哈哈大笑.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Chuckle and chortle both indicate laughing with pleasure and satisfaction. *chuckle和chortle均指因高兴和满足而笑. Chuckling is usually quiet and may be a response to private thoughts or reading *chuckling通常是低声或无声的, 也可为独自思考和阅读的反应: He chuckled to himself when he remembered the trick he'd played on them. 他想起捉弄他们的事就忍俊不禁. Chortling is usually louder and more public *chortling通常声音较大, 而且多是当众的: When I told them what had happened to me, they all chortled with mirth. 我把我的事告诉他们以後, 他们咯咯地笑起来了./ˈkɔːrəs; `kɔrəs/ n  1 [CGp] (usu large) group of singers; choir （通常为大型的）合唱团; 唱诗班: the Bath Festival Chorus 巴斯音乐节大合唱团.  2 [C] piece of music, usu part of a larger work, composed for such a group 合唱曲: the Hallelujah Chorus 哈利路亚合唱曲.  3 [C] part of a song that is sung after each verse, esp by a group of people （歌曲中的）合唱部分: Bill sang the verses and everyone joined in the chorus. 比尔先唱独唱部分, 然後大家一起合唱.  4 [C] thing said or shouted by many people together 齐声说或齐声喊的内容: a chorus of boos, cheers, laughter, etc 齐声喊呸、欢呼、大笑等 * The proposal was greeted with a chorus of approval. 大家对该建议异口同声表示赞成.  5 [CGp] group of performers who sing and dance in a musical comedy （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队: [attrib 作定语] a chorus line （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队唱词.  6 [CGp] (in ancient Greek drama) group of singers and dancers who comment on the events of the play （古希腊戏剧中）（为剧中事件作评注的）歌舞队.  7 [C] (esp in Elizabethan drama) actor who speaks the prologue and epilogue of a play （尤指伊丽莎白时代戏剧中）（宣读开场白和收场白的）男演员.  8 (idm 习语) in chorus all together; in unison 一起; 同时; 一齐; 一致: act, speak, answer in chorus 一致行动、异口同声地说、同时回答.

v [Tn] sing or say (sth) all together 同时唱或说（某事）: The crowd chorused their approval (of the decision). 群众（对该决定）齐声表示赞成.n girl or young woman who sings or dances in a chorus(5) （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队女演员.pt, pp of choose.=> chose/tʃʌf; tʃʌf/ n type of crow with red legs and a red beak 山鸦（红腿红嘴的鸦）./tʃaʊ; tʃaᴜ/ n type of dog with a thick coat, originally from China （原产于中国的一种被毛厚的）狗.

/tʃaʊ; tʃaᴜ/ n [U] (sl 俚) food 食物./ˌtʃaʊ ˈmeɪn; `tʃaᴜ `men/ n [U] Chinese dish of fried noodles with shredded meat and vegetables 炒面./ˈtʃaʊdə(r); `tʃaᴜdɚ/ n [U] (US) thick soup or stew made with vegetables and fish （用蔬菜与鱼烹调的）浓汤或杂烩: clam chowder 蛤肉杂烩汤./kraɪst; kraɪst/ n (a) (also Jesus, Jesus Christ/ 9dVi:zEs 5kraIst; 9dVizEs 5kraIst/) the founder of the Christian religion 基督. (b) image or picture of Christ 基督的图像. 

interj (also Jesus, Jesus Christ) (<!> infml 讳, 口) (expressing anger, annoyance, surprise, etc 表示愤怒、烦恼、惊讶等): Christ! We're running out of petrol. 天哪! 我们的汽油要用完了./ˈkrɪsn; `krɪsn/ v  1 [Tn] receive (sb) into the Christian Church by sprinkling water on his head and giving him a name 为（某人）施洗礼（在头上洒水并为之命名以加入基督教）. Cf 参看 baptize.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.n] (a) give a name to (sb) at such a ceremony （在洗礼仪式上）为（某人）命名: The child was christened Mary. 这孩子洗礼时命名为玛丽. (b) give a name to (esp a ship when it is launched) 为（尤指下水的轮船）命名.  3 [Tn] (fig infml 比喻, 口) use (sth) for the first time 第一次使用（某物）: Let's have a drink to christen our new sherry glasses. 让我们为使用我们新的雪利酒杯喝点儿酒./ˈkrɪsndəm; `krɪsndəm/ n [sing] (fml 文) (a) all Christian people throughout the world （全世界所有的）基督教徒. (b) (dated 旧) the Christian countries of the world （全世界的）基督教国家. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian./ˈkrɪsnɪŋ; `krɪsnɪŋ/ n ceremony in which sb is christened; baptism 洗礼（给某人施洗礼命名的仪式）: [attrib 作定语] a christening service 洗礼仪式./ˈkrɪstʃən; ˈkrɪstʃən/ adj  1 of or based on the teachings of Christ or the doctrines of Christianity 基督教导的; 根据基督教导的; 基督教义的; 根据基督教义的: the Christian Church, faith, religion 基督教教堂、基督教的信仰、基督教 * a Christian upbringing 基督教义的熏陶.  2 of or believing in the Christian religion 基督教的; 信仰基督教的: a Christian country 信仰基督教的国家.  3 of Christians 基督教徒的: the Christian sector of the city 城市的基督教徒区.  4 showing the qualities of a Christian; kind and humane 表现出基督徒的品质的; 仁慈与慈悲的: That's not a very Christian way to behave. 那可不太像基督徒的行为.

n  1 person who believes in the Christian religion 信仰基督教的人; 基督徒.  2 (infml 口) person who has Christian qualities 有基督徒品质的人.name given to sb when he is christened; first name 教名（洗礼时所取者）; 名字. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1.religious system which claims that disease can be cured through Christian faith, without medical treatment 基督教科学派（主张靠基督教的信仰无须医药即可治愈疾病的教派）. person who believes in this system 基督教科学派信徒./ˌkrɪstɪˈænətɪ; ˌkrɪstʃɪ`ænətɪ/ n [U]  1 the religion based on the belief that Christ was the son of God, and on his teachings 基督教（基于相信基督是上帝之子并信仰其教导的宗教）: She was converted to Christianity. 她已皈依基督教.  2 (a) being a Christian 基督徒身分: He derives strength from his Christianity. 他身为基督徒而从中获得力量. (b) Christian character or qualities 基督徒的特性或品质.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Christianity, Islam and Judaism are the names of religions or faiths followed by Christians, Muslims and Jews respectively. *Christianity、Islam、Judaism是分别由基督教徒、伊斯兰教徒、犹太教徒信奉的宗教或信仰. The word Christendom, which is now dated, refers to all Christian countries or all Christians in the world. *Christendom一词现已过时, 意为世界上所有的基督教国家或所有的基督教徒. Historically it has been used to mean the whole world from a European point of view 从欧洲人的观点来看, 这个词在历史上用以指全世界: Rome was the greatest city in all Christendom. 罗马是当时世界上最伟大的城市. Jewry is the collective name for all Jews *Jewry是全体犹太人的统称: British Jewry 英国的犹太人.  Muhammedanism (now dated) is an alternative name for Islam, used particularly by non-Muslims *Muhammedanism一词（现已过时）是Islam的别称, 尤为非穆斯林所使用.adj like Christ in character or action （性格或行为）像基督的: showing Christlike humility （表现出）像基督那样谦卑的./ˈkrɪsməs; `krɪsməs/ n  1 (also ,Christmas `Day) annual celebration by Christians of the birth of Christ (on 25 December) 圣诞节（12月25日）: [attrib 作定语] Christmas dinner, presents 圣诞节晚餐、礼物.  2 (also `Christmas-time, `Christmas-tide) period of several days before and after Christmas Day 圣诞节节期（圣诞节前後的几天）: spend Christmas with one's family 和全家一起过圣诞节 * [attrib 作定语] the Christmas holidays 圣诞节假期.n (Brit) small gift, usu of money, given at Christmas, esp to sb (eg a postman or a milkman) who provides a service throughout the year 圣诞节的节礼（通常为赏钱, 尤指酬谢全年服务的人, 如邮递员或送牛奶的人）.rich fruit cake, usu covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节蛋糕（多水果的糕饼, 通常覆有杏仁蛋白糊、糖霜等, 于圣诞节食用）.greetings card sent to friends at Christmas 圣诞卡.= cracker 2b.(evening of the) day before Christmas Day, 24 December 圣诞节前夕, 圣诞夜（圣诞节的前一天, 12月24日或当晚）.rich steamed pudding made with dried fruit and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节布丁（乾果制成的蒸糕, 于圣诞节食用）.evergreen or artificial tree decorated with lights, tinsel, etc at Christmas 圣诞树（圣诞节时摆设的常绿树或人造树, 装饰有灯、闪光的金属丝、片等）./ˈkrɪsməsɪ; `krɪsməsɪ/ adj (infml 口) typical of Christmas; looking festive 有圣诞节特点的; 像节日的./krəʊˈmætɪk; kro`mætɪk/ adj  1 (a) of colour 有颜色的. (b) in bright colours 颜色鲜艳的.  2 (music 音) having the notes of the chromatic scale 有半音阶的; 半音的.(music 音) series of notes rising or falling in semitones 半音音阶./krəʊm; krom/ n [U]  1 chromium (esp when used as a protective coating on other metals) 铬.  2 yellow colouring matter obtained from a compound of chromium and used in paints 铬黄.alloy of steel and chromium 铬钢./ˈkrəʊmɪəm; `kromɪəm/ n [U] metallic chemical element used in making alloys (such as stainless steel) and as a shiny protective coating on other metals 铬: chromium plating, eg on a car bumper 镀铬（如在汽车保险杠上） * chromium-plated 镀铬的. =>App 10 见附录10./ˈkrəʊməsəʊm; `kroməˌsom/ n (biology 生) any of the tiny threads or rods in animal and plant cells, carrying genes 染色体.comb form 构词成分 of or relating to time 时间的; 有关时间的: chronology * chronometer./ˈkrɒnɪk; `krɑnɪk/ adj  1 (esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的: chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎、关节炎等 * the country's chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题. Cf 参看 acute.  2 having had a disease or a habit for a long time 长期患病的; 长期有某种习惯的: a chronic alcoholic, invalid, etc 长期酗酒的、病弱的等.  3 (Brit sl 俚) very bad 极坏的: The film was absolutely chronic. 这个电影糟透了. /ˈkrɒnɪklɪ; `krɑnɪklɪ/ adv: the chronically ill 患有慢性病的./ˈkrɒnɪkl; `krɑnɪkl/ n (often pl 常作复数) record of historical events in the order in which they happened 编年史: He consulted the chronicles of the period. 他参考了这一时期的编年史.

v [Tn] record (sth) in a chronicle 将（某事物）载入编年史: chronicling the events of a war 把战争中的重大事件载入编年史中. /ˈkrɒ-nɪklə(r); `krɑnɪklɚ/ n./ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌkrɑnə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj arranged in the order in which they occurred 按时间的前後顺序排列的: a chronological list of Shakespeare's plays, ie in the order in which they were written 莎士比亚戏剧的编年表. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./krəˈnɒlədʒɪ; krə`nɑlədʒɪ/ n  1 [U] science of fixing the dates of historical events 年代学.  2 [C] arrangement or list of events in the order in which they occurred 年表: a chronology of Mozart's life 莫札特生平年表./krəˈnɒmɪtə(r); krə`nɑmətɚ/ n instrument that keeps very accurate time, used esp for navigating at sea 极准确的记时仪器; （尤指用于航海的）精密记时计; 天文钟./ˈkrɪsəlɪs; `krɪslɪs/ n (pl ~es)  1 form of an insect at the stage of its life when it changes from a grub to an adult insect, esp a butterfly or moth; pupa 蛹; （尤指）蝶蛹, 蛾蛹. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图.  2 hard case that encloses an insect during this stage 蛹壳./krɪˈsænθəməm; krɪs`ænθəməm/ n (a) garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 菊花. (b) one of these flowers 菊花（花朵）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./tʃʌb; tʃʌb/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish with a thick body 查布鱼（一种小型体粗的淡水鱼）.n [U]./ˈtʃʌbɪ; `tʃʌbɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) round and plump; slightly fat 圆胖丰满的; 稍胖的: chubby cheeks 圆胖脸 * a chubby child 胖乎乎的孩子. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. /tʃʌk; tʃʌk/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] (infml 口) throw (sth) carelessly or casually （胡乱地或随便地）扔、抛（某物）: Chuck it in the bin! 把它扔到垃圾桶里去! * chuck old clothes away/out 把旧衣服扔掉[出去] * Chuck me (over) the newspaper if you've finished reading it. 你看完了报就扔给我.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (in/up) (infml 口) give up sb/sth; abandon 放弃某人[某事物]; 抛弃: She's just chucked her boy-friend, ie ended her relationship with him. 她刚刚甩了男朋友. * He chucked in his job last week. 上星期他辞掉了工作.  3 (idm 习语) chuck it (sl 俚) stop doing sth immediately 立即停止做某事物: I'm sick of your sarcastic remarks  just chuck it (ie stop making them), will you? 我已经听腻了你的冷嘲热讽--别说了, 行吗? chuck sb under the chin touch or stroke sb lovingly or playfully under the chin 爱抚或抚弄某人的下巴.  4 (phr v) chuck sb out (of sth) (infml 口) force sb to leave (a place) 迫使某人离开（某地）; 撵走: They were chucked out of the pub for being too rowdy. 他们因为太吵闹被撵出酒馆. * He failed his exams and was chucked out of university. 他考试不及格, 被大学开除.

n  1 playful touch or stroke under the chin 抚弄或抚摸下巴.  2 (idm 习语) give sb/get the chuck (infml 口) dismiss or reject sb/be dismissed or rejected 辞退或拒绝某人[被辞退或拒绝].

/tʃʌk; tʃʌk/ n (a) part of a lathe that grips the object to be worked on 卡盘, 夹盘（车床上用以夹住工件的部分）. (b) part of a drill that grips the bit 夹头（钻或钻床上用以夹住钻头的部分）. =>illus at drill 见drill之插图.

/tʃʌk; tʃʌk/ n [U] (also `chuck steak) cut2(5) of beef taken from the neck to the ribs （牛的从颈到肋骨的）颈肉./ˌtʃʌkər ˈaʊt; ˌtʃʌkɚ`aᴜt/ n (infml 口) person whose job is to remove troublesome people from public-houses, meetings, etc （受雇从酒馆、会议等中撵走捣乱者的）保安人员./ˈtʃʌkl; `tʃʌkl/ v [I, Ipr] laugh quietly or to oneself 轻声地笑; 暗自笑: He chuckled (to himself) as he read the newpaper. 他看报时暗暗（独自）发笑. * What are you chuckling about? 你独自笑什么? =>Usage at chortle 用法见chortle.

n quiet or partly suppressed laugh 轻声的笑; 忍俊不禁: She gave a chuckle of delight. 她高兴得笑出声来./tʃʌft; tʃʌft/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about/at sth) (Brit infml 口) very pleased 愉快: look/feel chuffed 看起来[感到]很愉快 * She was chuffed at/about getting a pay rise. 她因获加薪而洋洋得意./tʃʌg; tʃʌˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [I] make the short dull repeated sound of an engine running slowly （发动机缓慢运转时）发出（持续而单调的）短声; 发出突突声.  2 (phr v) chug along, down, up, etc move steadily in the specified direction while making this sound （发出突突声朝某方向）稳稳行进: The boat chugged along the canal. 小船稳稳地顺着运河突突地航行.

n sound made by a chugging engine （发动机缓慢运转时发出的）突突声./tʃʌm; tʃʌm/ n (infml 口) close friend 好友: an old school chum 老同学.

v (-mm-) (phr v) chum up (with sb) (infml 口) become very friendly (with sb) （与某人）成为好友.adv. n [U].adj (infml 口) very friendly 非常友好的. /tʃʌmp; tʃʌmp/ n  1 (infml 口) foolish person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: Don't be such a chump! 不要这么傻了!  2 short thick block of wood 短而厚的木块.  3 (Brit also ,chump `chop) thick end of a loin of lamb or mutton 羊腰部的厚肉.  4 (idm 习语) off one's `chump (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) crazy 发疯; 发狂./tʃʌŋk; tʃʌŋk/ n  1 thick solid piece cut or broken off sth （从某物上切下或折下的）大块: a chunk of bread, meat, ice, wood, etc 一大块面包、肉、冰、木头等.  2 (infml 口) fairly large amount (of sth) （某物）相当大的部分: I've completed a fair chunk of my article. 我已经把文章的一大部分写完了.adv: He's chunkily built. 他长得很结实. n [U]./ˈtʃʌŋkɪ; `tʃʌŋkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 having a short thick body; stocky 身体短粗的; 矮胖的; 敦实的: a chunky footballer 敦实的足球运动员.  2 containing chunks of fruit, etc 含有大块水果等的: chunky marmalade 橙块果酱.  3 (of clothes) made of thick bulky (usu woollen) material （指衣物）用厚而蓬松材料（通常为毛料）制的: a chunky sweater 厚毛衣. /ˈtʃɜːtʃ; tʃɝtʃ/ n  1 [C] building used for public Christian worship 教堂: The procession moved into the church. 人们陆续进入教堂. * [attrib 作定语] a church steeple 教堂的尖顶 * a church service 教堂的礼拜仪式. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.  2 [U] service in such a building; public worship （教堂的）礼拜仪式; （会众的）礼拜: Church begins/is at 9 o'clock. 礼拜仪式9点开始. * How often do you go to church? 你隔多久去做一次礼拜? * They're in/at church, ie attending a service. 他们在做礼拜. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1.  3 the Church [sing] all Christians regarded as a group 全体基督教徒: The Church has a duty to condemn violence. 基督徒有责任谴责暴力.  4 Church [C] particular group of Christians; denomination 基督教教派; 派别: the Anglican Church 英国国教; 圣公会 * the Catholic Church 天主教 * the Free Churches 自由教会.  5 the Church [sing] (a) (esp the Christian) religion regarded as an established institution （尤指基督教的）教会, 宗教: the conflict between (the) Church and (the) State 政教冲突. (b) the ministers of the Christian religion; the clergy or clerical profession 基督教牧师; 教士; 神职: go into/enter the Church, ie become a Christian minister 开始担任神职（成为基督教牧师）.n person who goes to church services regularly 按时去教堂做礼拜的人.n (in a Church of England parish) one of usu two elected officials responsible for church money and property （英国国教教区的）教会执事（通常为选出的两名执事之一, 负责教会财务和财产）.n enclosed area of land round a church, often used for burials 教堂的庭院（常用作墓地）./tʃɜːl; tʃɝl/ n (dated 旧) bad-mannered or bad-tempered person 举止或脾气不佳的人; 粗暴的人. adj: It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer. 拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼. adv. n [U]./tʃɜːn; tʃɝn/ n  1 machine in which milk or cream is beaten to make butter 搅乳器（用以搅拌牛奶或乳脂以制成黄油的机器）.  2 (Brit) large (usu metal) container in which milk is carried from a farm 奶桶（通常为金属的）.

v  1 [Tn] (a) beat (milk or cream) to make butter 搅拌（牛奶或乳脂）以制黄油. (b) make (butter) in this way （用此种方法）制（黄油）.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to move violently; stir or disturb sth 使某物猛动; 搅动; 扰乱某物: motor boats churning (up) the peaceful waters of the bay 激荡着海湾平静水面的汽艇 * The earth had been churned up by the wheels of the tractor. 拖拉机轮子把泥土掀了起来. * (fig 比喻) The bitter argument left her feeling churned up (ie agitated and upset) inside. 这场激烈的争论使她忐忑不安. (b) [I] (esp of liquids) move about violently （尤指液体）翻腾: the churning waters of a whirlpool 旋涡翻腾的水 * His stomach churned with nausea. 他的胃翻腾欲呕.  3 (phr v) churn sth out (infml 口) produce sth (usu of bad quality) in large amounts 大量生产某物（通常质量恶劣）; 粗制滥造: She churns out romantic novels. 她写了很多浪漫小说, 质量很差./ʃuːt; ʃut/ n  1 sloping or vertical passage down which things can slide or be dropped （物件可以滑下或落下的）斜的或垂直的通道, 斜道, 滑道, 斜槽, 立槽: a rubbish chute, eg from the upper storeys of a high building 垃圾滑道（如高层建筑自上面各层通到下面的管道）.  2 (infml 口) parachute 降落伞./ˈtʃʌtnɪ; `tʃʌtnɪ/ n [U] hot-tasting mixture of fruit, vinegar, sugar and spices, eaten with curries, cold meat, cheese, etc 酸辣酱（水果、醋、糖和香料的混合物, 与咖喱、冷肉、奶酪等一起食用）: green tomato chutney 绿西红柿酸辣酱.abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark) 海峡群岛（泽西、根西、奥尔德尼、萨克等四岛）: St Peter Port, Guernsey, CI, eg in an address 海峡群岛根西岛圣彼得港（如用于通讯处）./ˌsiː aɪ ˈeɪ; ˌsi aɪ `e/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局: working for the CIA 为中央情报局工作. Cf 参看 FBI./sɪˈkɑːdə; <i>US</i> sɪˈkeɪdə; sɪ`kedə/ n insect like a grasshopper, common in hot countries, the male of which makes a shrill chirping noise 蝉./ˈsɪkətrɪs; `sɪkətrɪs/ (also cicatrix/ 5sIkEtrIks;`sIkEtrIks/) n (pl -trices/ sIkE5traIsi:z; sIkE`traIsiz/) scar left by a wound that has healed 疤; 伤痕; 疤痕./ˌsiː aɪ ˈdiː; ˌsi aɪ `di/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Criminal Investigation Department 刑事调查局: an inspector from the CID 刑事调查局的调查员./ˈsaɪdə(r); `saɪdɚ/ n  1 (also cyder) [U] drink made from fermented apple-juice 苹果酒: dry/sweet cider 不甜的[甜的]苹果酒 * [attrib 作定语] cider apples 制酒的苹果. Cf 参看 perry.  2 [U] (US also sweet cider) non-alcoholic drink made from apples 苹果汁.  3 [C] drink or glass of either of these 一些或一杯苹果酒或苹果汁: Two ciders, please. 请来两杯苹果酒.n machine for squeezing the juice from apples 苹果榨汁器./ˌsiː aɪ ˈef; ˌsi aɪ `ɛf/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) cost, insurance, freight (included in the price) 到岸价（包括成本、保险费、运费）: The invoice was for 35 cif. 发票为到岸价35英镑./sɪˈgɑː(r); sɪ`ˇɑr/ n tight roll of tobacco leaves for smoking 雪茄烟: [attrib 作定语] the smell of cigar smoke 雪茄烟的气味./ˌsɪgəˈret; <i>US</i> ˈsɪgəret;`sɪˇəˌrɛt/ n roll of shredded tobacco enclosed in thin paper for smoking 纸烟; 香烟; 烟卷.n small flat (usu metal) box for holding cigarettes 香烟盒（装香烟的小扁盒, 通常为金属的）.n tube in one end of which a cigarette may be put for smoking 烟嘴.n device that produces a small flame for lighting cigarettes and cigars 打火机.n [C, U] (piece of) thin paper in which tobacco is rolled to make cigarettes 卷烟纸./sɪntʃ; sɪntʃ/ n (sl 俚)  1 easy task 容易做的事情: `How was the exam?' `It was a cinch!' ｀考试怎么样?＇｀很容易!＇  2 sure or certain thing 必然发生的事: He's a cinch to win the race. 他肯定会赢得这次比赛.  3 (US) = girth 2.

v [Tn] (US) fasten a girth(2) on (a horse) 给（马）系上肚带./ˈsɪndə(r); `sɪndɚ/ n  1 [C] small piece of partly burnt coal, wood, etc that is no longer burning but may still be hot 煤渣, 炭渣, 炉渣等（不再燃烧但仍可能有余热）.  2 cinders [pl] ashes 灰.  3 (idm 习语) burn, etc sth to a `cinder cook (food) until it is hard and black 将（食物）做胡: The cakes were burnt to a cinder. 饼烤胡了.n running-track made with finely crushed cinders 灰渣跑道./ˌsɪndəˈrelə; ˌsɪndə`rɛlə/ n  1 girl or woman whose beauty or abilities have not been recognized 灰姑娘; （美貌或能力未被赏识的）女子.  2 person or thing that has been persistently neglected 长期被忽视的人或物; 被埋没的人: This department has been the Cinderella of the company for far too long. 这个部门在公司不受重视由来已久.comb form 构词成分  of the cinema电影的: cine-projector./ˈsɪnɪ kæmərə; `sɪnɪ ˌkæmərə/ n camera used for taking moving pictures 电影摄影机./ˈsɪnɪ fɪlm; `sɪnɪ ˌfɪlm/ n [C, U] film used for taking moving pictures 电影胶片./ˈsɪnɪ prədʒektə(r); `sɪnɪ prəˌdʒɛktɚ/ n machine for showing moving pictures on a screen 电影放映机./ˈsɪnəmɑː, ˈsɪnəmə; `sɪnəmə/ n  1 [C] (US movie house, movie theatre) building in which motion-picture films are shown 电影院: go to the cinema, ie to see a film 去看电影.  2 (also the cinema) [sing] (esp Brit) (US the movies) films as an art-form or an industry 电影艺术; 电影业: She's interested in (the) cinema. 她对电影艺术很感兴趣. * He works in the cinema. 他从事电影业./ˌsɪnəˈmtɪk; ˌsɪnɪ`mætɪk/ adj of or relating to cinema 电影的; 有关电影的./ˌsɪnəməˈtɒgrəfə(r);ˌsɪnəmə`tɑˇrəfɚ/ n. /ˌsɪnəmtə-ˈgrfɪk; ˌsɪnəˌmætə`ˇræfɪk/ adj./ˌsɪnəməˈtɒgrəfɪ; ˌsɪnəmə`tɑˇrəfɪ/ n [U] art or science of making motion-picture films 摄制电影的艺术. /ˈsɪnəmən; `sɪnəmən/ n  1 (a) [U] spice made from the inner bark of a SE Asian tree 桂皮. (b) [C] this tree 肉桂; 桂.  2 [U] yellowish-brown colour 黄褐色.v [Tn] write (a message) in secret writing; encode 用密码书写（信息）; 译成密码./ˈsaɪfə(r); `saɪfɚ/ n  1 (a) [C, U] (method of) secret writing in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others; code 密码编写（的方法）; 密码: a message in cipher 密码信. (b) [C] message written in this way 用密码写的信息. (c) [C] key1(5b) to a secret message 密码索引; 密码检索本.  2 [C] the symbol 0, representing nought or zero  0（代表无或零的符号）; 零.  3 [C] any of the numbers from 1 to 9  从1至9的任何阿拉伯数字.  4 [C] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person or thing of no importance 不重要的人或物: a mere cipher 无足轻重的人./ˈsɜːkə; `sɝkə/ prep (Latin 拉) (abbrs 缩写 c, ca) (with dates) about （与日期连用）大约: born circa 150 BC  生于公元前约150年./ˈsɜːkl; `sɝkl/ n  1 (round space enclosed by a) curved line every point on which is the same distance from the centre 圆周; 圆; 圆形空间: Use your compasses to draw a circle. 用圆规画圆. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus 见插图.  2 thing shaped like this; ring 圆形物; 环; 圈: a circle of trees, hills, spectators 一圈树、小山、旁观者 * standing in a circle 站成一圈.  3 (US balcony) group of seats in curved and banked rows raised above the floor level of a theatre, cinema, concert-hall, etc 楼厅包厢（剧院、电影院、音乐厅等的半圆形楼座）: We've booked seats in the circle. 我们预订了楼厅包厢的座位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix.  4 group of people who are connected by having the same interests, profession, etc （有共同兴趣、职业等的人形成的）圈子, 阶层, 界: be well known in business, political, theatrical, etc circles, ie among people connected with business, politics, the theatre, etc 在商、政、戏剧等界中知名 * move in fashionable circles 进入上层社会 * She has a large circle of friends. 她交游很广.  5 (idm 习语) come full circle => full. go round in `circles work busily at a task without making any progress 工作忙忙碌碌而无进展; 瞎忙. square the circle => square3. a vicious circle => vicious.

v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around/round) (over sb/sth) move in a circle, esp in the air 转圈（尤指在空中）; 盘旋; 环行: vultures circling (round) over a dead animal 在死的动物上空盘旋的秃鹫.  2 [Tn] (a) move in or form a circle round (sb/sth) 围绕（某人[某物]）转圈; 盘旋; 环行: The plane circled the airport before landing. 飞机着陆前围绕机场盘旋. * The moon circles the earth every 28 days. 月亮每28天绕地球一圈. * a town circled by hills 群山环绕的城镇. (b) draw a circle round (sth) 围绕（某物）画圈: spelling mistakes circled in red ink 用红笔圈起的拼写错误./ˈsɜːklɪt; `sɝklɪt/ n circular band, eg of precious metal, flowers, etc, worn round the head as an ornament 圆箍饰环（如贵金属、花等制的）./ˈsɜːkɪt; `sɝkɪt/ n  1 line, route or journey round a place 围绕一地方的线、路线或旅程; 周线; 圈: The circuit of the city walls is three miles. 环绕本市城墙的周长是三英里. * The earth takes a year to make a circuit of (ie go round) the sun. 地球绕太阳一周需要一年时间. * She ran four circuits of the track. 她在跑道上跑了四圈.  2 (a) complete path along which an electric current flows 电路: There must be a break in the circuit. 电路中一定有断路. (b) apparatus with a sequence of conductors, valves, etc, through which an electric current flows 电器装置: [attrib 作定语] a circuit diagram, ie one showing the connections in such an apparatus 电路图.  3 (a) regular journey made by a judge round a particular area to hear cases in court 巡回审判（法官定期巡回某地区）: go on circuit, ie make this journey 进行巡回审判 * [attrib 作定语] a circuit judge 巡回法官. (b) area covered by such a journey 巡回审判地区.  4 (in sport) series of tournaments in which the same players regularly take part 联赛: the American golf circuit 美国高尔夫球联赛.  5 group of Methodist churches sharing the same preachers within a particular area （在某地区有同一批传教士的）卫理公会组织.method of training using a series of different athletic exercises 循环训练法（用一系列体育项目锻炼的方法）.n automatic device for interrupting an electric current 断路器（自动切断电路的装置）./səˈkjuːɪtəs; sɚ`kjuɪtəs/ adj (fml 文) long and indirect; roundabout 迂回的; 绕行的: a circuitous route 迂回的路线. adv./ˈsɜːkjʊlə(r); `sɝkjəlɚ/ adj  1 shaped like a circle; round 圆形的; 环绕的.  2 moving round a circle 环程移动的; 循环的: a circular tour, ie one taking a route that brings travellers back to the starting-point 环程旅行.  3 (of reasoning) using the point it is trying to prove as evidence for its conclusion （指推理）循环论证的: a circular argument 循环论证.  4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] sent to a large number of people 送达很多人的; 传阅的: a circular letter 传阅的信件.

n printed letter, notice or advertisement sent to a large number of people （送达很多人的）印刷信件、通知或宣传品; 传阅文件.n rotating metal disc with a serrated edge used for cutting wood, etc 圆锯.=> circularize/ˌsɜːkjʊˈlrətɪ; ˌsɝkjə`lærətɪ/ n [U]./ˈsɜːkjʊləraɪz; `sɝkjələˌraɪz/ v [Tn] send a circular to (sb) 发通知给（某人）./ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt; `sɝkjəˌlet/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go round continuously （使某物）循环: Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环. (b) [I] move about freely 流通: open a window to allow the air to circulate 开窗使空气流通.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) pass from one place, person, etc to another （使某事物）流传, 传播: The news of her death circulated (ie spread) quickly. 她死去的消息迅速传开. * The host and hostess circulated (among their guests). 男女主人（在客人间）走来走去招待客人. * circulate a letter 传阅信件.  3 [Tn] inform (sb) by means of a circular 发通知告知（某人）: Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详情的通知了吗?/ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌsɝkjə`leʃən/ n  1 [C, U] movement of blood round the body from and back to the heart 血液循环: have (a) good/bad circulation 血液循环良好[不佳].  2 [U] (a) passing of sth from one person or place to another; spread 流传; 传播: the circulation of news, information, rumours, etc 新闻、信息、谣言的传播. (b) state of circulating or being circulated 流通: Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation. 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞. * Pound notes have been withdrawn from circulation. 一英镑面值的钞票已停止流通. * (fig 比喻) She's been ill but now she's back in circulation, ie going out and meeting people again. 她一直生病, 但现在又重新参加活动了.  3 [C] number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc sold to the public 报纸、杂志等售出的份数; 发行额; 销售量: a newspaper with a (daily) circulation of more than one million （日）销售量超过一百万份的报纸 * [attrib 作定语] circulation figures 销售数字./ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪtərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈsɜːkjələtɔːrɪ; `sɝkjələ-ˌtɔrɪ/ adj of or relating to the circulation of blood 血液循环的; 有关血液循环的: circulatory disorders 血液循环失调./ˈsɜːkəmsaɪz; `sɝkəmˌsaɪz/ v [Tn] (a) cut off the foreskin of (a male person) as a religious rite or for medical reasons 切除（某男子）的包皮. (b) cut off the clitoris of (a female person) 切除（某女子）的阴蒂./ˌsɜːkəmˈsɪʒn; ˌsɝkəm`sɪʒən/ n [C, U] (action or ceremony of) circumcising 割礼; 包皮环切术; 阴蒂切除术./səˈkʌmfərəns; sɚ`kʌmfərəns/ n (a) line that marks out a circle or other curved figure1(2b) 周线; 周缘; 圆周. =>App 5 见附录5. (b) distance round this 周长: The circumference of the earth is almost 25000 miles/The earth is almost 25000 miles in circumference. 地球的圆周长约为25000. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图. Cf 参看 perimeter./ˈsɜːkəmfleks; `sɝkəmˌflɛks/ n (also circumflex accent) mark put over a vowel in French and some other languages to show how it is pronounced, as in role or fete （标在法文或其他文字元音字母上）表示如何发音的符号（如在role或fete中的）./ˌsɜːkəmləˈkjuːʃn; ˌsɝkəmlo`kjuʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of the) use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words 累赘的说法; 迂回的说法. /ˌsɜːkəmˈlɒkjʊtərɪ; ˌsɝkəm`lɑkjəˌtɔrɪ/ adj./ˌsɜːkəmˈnævɪgeɪt; ˌsɝkəm`nævəˌˇet/v [Tn] (fml 文) sail round (esp the world) 环绕（尤指地球）航行: Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe. 麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人. /ˌsɜːkəmˌnævɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌsɝkəmˌnævə`ˇeʃən/ n [C, U]./ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb; ˌsɝkəm`skraɪb/ v [Tn]  1 (fml 文) restrict (sth) within limits; confine 将（某事物）限制于一定范围内; 约束: a life circumscribed by poverty 受制于贫穷的一生.  2 draw a line round (a geometrical figure) so that it touches all the outside points 画（几何图形的）外接圆: circumscribe a square 画正方形的外接圆./ˌsɜːkəmˈskrɪpʃn; ˌsɝkəm`skrɪpʃən/ n [U] circumscribing or being circumscribed 限制; 受限制; 画外接圆./ˈsɜːkəmspekt; `sɝkəmˌspɛkt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary 小心; 慎重; 细心./ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃn; ˌsɝkəm`spɛkʃən/ n [U] caution; prudence 小心; 谨慎: proceeding with great circumspection 小心谨慎地进行.adv./ˈsɜːkəmstəns; `sɝkəmˌstəns/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition or fact connected with an event or action 环境; 情形; 情况: What were the circumstances of/surrounding her death? ie Where, when and how did she die? 她是在什么情况下死的? （她是在何地、何时及如何死的?） * She was found dead in suspicious circumstances, ie She may have been murdered. 她死的情形可疑（她可能是被谋杀的）. * He was a victim of circumstance(s), ie What happened to him was beyond his control. 他是客观环境的牺牲者（他所遇到的事是他无法控制的）. * Circumstances forced us to change our plans. 客观情况迫使我们改变了计划.  2 circumstances [pl] financial position 经济状况: What are his circumstances? 他的经济状况如何? * in easy/poor circumstances, ie having much/not enough money 处于富裕[贫穷]境况.  3 (idm 习语) in/under the `circumstances this being the case; such being the state of affairs 在这种情况下; 情形既然如此: Under the circumstances (eg because the salary offered was too low) he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下（如所提的薪金太低）, 他觉得无法接受这项工作. * She coped well in the circumstances, eg even though she was feeling ill. 她在这种情况下仍处理得当（如虽然身体不适）. in/under no circumstances in no case; never 在任何情况下决不; 无论如何不: Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他. in straitened circumstances => straitened. pomp and circumstance => pomp./ˌsɜːkəmˈstænʃl; ˌsɝkəm`stænʃəl/ adj  1 (of a description) giving full details （指描述）详细的.  2 (of evidence) consisting of details that strongly suggest sth but do not prove it （指证据）有充分细节却无法证实的: You can't convict a man of a crime on circumstantial evidence alone. 不能只靠旁证就判定一个人有罪. /-nʃəlɪ; -nʃəlɪ/ adv./ˌsɜːkəmˈvent; ˌsɝkəm`vɛnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth) 设法克服或避免（某事物）; 规避; 回避: circumvent a law, rule, problem, difficulty 规避一法规、规则、问题、困难. /ˌsɜːkəmˈvenʃn; ˌsɝkəm`vɛnʃən/ n [U]./ˈsɜːkəs; `sɝkəs/ n  1 (a) [CGp] travelling company of entertainers, including acrobats, riders, clowns and performing animals 马戏团. (b) the circus [sing] public performance given by such a company, usu in a large tent 马戏表演（通常在大帐篷中）: go to the circus 看马戏表演.  2 [C] (infml 口) scene of lively action 热闹的场面.  3 [C] (Brit) (in place-names 用于地名) open space in a town where several streets meet （城市中数条街道相会聚的）广场: Piccadilly Circus 皮卡迪利广场. Cf 参看 roundabout n 2.  4 [C] (in ancient Rome) round or oval arena for chariot racing and public games （古罗马）（圆形或椭圆形的）竞技场./ˈsɪtɪzn; `sɪtəzn/ n  1 person who has full rights as a member of a country, either by birth or by being granted such rights 公民: an American citizen 美国公民 * She is German by birth but is now a French citizen. 她在德国出生而现在是法国公民.  2 person who lives in a town or city 市民: the citizens of Rome 罗马市民.  3 (esp US) = civilian.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Citizen and subject both indicate a person who has the rights given by a state to its members, eg the right to vote. *citizen和subject 二词均指享有国家给予的权利（如选举权）的人. Subject is used when the state is ruled by a monarch. *subject用于君主制国家. Citizen is used in all types of state but especially republics *citizen用于任何类型的国家, 但尤用于共和国: a British subject/citizen 英国的臣民[公民] *  a French citizen 法国的公民.arrest(1) made by a member of the public (allowable in certain cases under common law) 公民采取的逮捕行动（根据英国法律中的普通法在某些情况下准许的）.range of radio frequencies used by members of the public for local communication 民用无线电波段.n [U] (status of) being a citizen, esp of a particular country, with the rights and duties that involves 公民资格, 公民身分（尤指公民的权利和义务）: apply for/be granted British citizenship 申请[被给予]英国国籍./ˌsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd; ˌsɪtrɪk `æsɪd/ (chemistry 化) acid present in the juice of oranges, lemons, limes, etc 柠檬酸./ˈsɪtrən; `sɪtrən/ n   1 pale yellow fruit like a lemon but larger, less sour and with a thicker skin 枸橼; 香橼.  2 small Asian tree bearing this fruit 香橼树.adj of or relating to these trees or their fruit 柑橘（树）的; 有关柑橘（树）的./ˈsɪtrəs; `sɪtrəs/ n any of a group of related trees including the lemon, lime, orange and grapefruit 柑橘属果树: [attrib 作定语] citrus fruit 柑橘属水果./ˈsɪtɪ; `sɪtɪ/ n  1 [C] large and important town 城市; 都市; 市: Which is the world's largest city? 世界上最大的城市是哪个? * [attrib 作定语] the city `centre, ie the central area of a city 市中心.  2 [C] (a) (Brit) town with special rights given by royal charter and usu containing a cathedral 特许市（由皇家特许状赋予特权, 且通常有大教堂的城市）: the city of York 约克特许市. (b) (US) town given special rights by State charter 特许市（由国家特许状赋予特权的城市）.  3 [CGp] all the people living in a city, as a group 全市居民: The city turned out to welcome back its victorious team. 全市居民倾城而出迎接凯旋球队.  4 the City [sing] the oldest part of London, now its commercial and financial centre 伦敦商业区（伦敦最古老的部分, 现为商业及金融中心）: She works in the City, eg as a stockbroker. 她在伦敦商业区工作（如做证券经纪人）. * The City reacted sharply to the fall in oil prices. 伦敦商业区对油价下跌反应强烈.  5 (idm 习语) the freedom of the city => freedom.1 (Brit) department of a newspaper dealing with financial news （报纸的）财经新闻部.  2 (US) department of a newspaper dealing with local news （报纸的）本地新闻部.1 (Brit) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for financial news （报纸的）负责财经新闻的编辑.  2 (US) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for local news （报纸的）负责本地新闻的编辑.n (formerly) independent state consisting of a city and the surrounding area (eg Athens in ancient times) （旧时）城邦（由一城市和周围地区组成的独立国家, 如古代雅典）./ˈsɪvɪt; `sɪvɪt/ n  1 (also `civet-cat) [C] small spotted catlike animal living in central Africa and S Asia 灵猫（产于中非和南亚）.  2 [U] strong-smelling substance obtained from its glands and used in making perfume 灵猫香（用做香料）./ˈsɪvɪk; `sɪvɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of a town or city; municipal 集镇的; 城市的; 市的: a civic function, eg the opening of a new hospital by the mayor of a town 城市的庆典（如市长为新医院剪彩）.  2 of citizens or citizenship 公民的; 公民身分的; 市民的: civic pride, ie citizens' pride in their town 市民的自豪（市民对自己城市的自豪） * civic duties, responsibilities etc 公民的义务、责任.(Brit) area in which the public buildings of a town (eg the town hall, library, etc) are grouped together 市中心（城市公共建筑, 如市政厅、图书馆等集中的地区）./ˈsɪvɪks; `sɪvɪks/ n [sing v] study of municipal government and the rights and responsibilities of citizens 公民学（研究市政和公民的权利与责任的学科）.= civvies./ˈsɪvl; `sɪvl/ adj  1 of or relating to the citizens of a country 公民的; 民间的; 国内的: civil disorder, eg rioting 民间的动乱 * civil strife, eg fighting between different political or religious groups within a country 内乱.  2 of or relating to ordinary citizens rather than the armed forces or the Church 普通公民的（非军队的或教会的）; 文职的; 文官的: civil government 文官政府.  3 polite and helpful 礼貌的; 助人的; 文明的: How very civil of you! 你多么彬彬有礼呀! * Keep a civil tongue in your head! ie Don't speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼!  4 involving civil law rather than criminal law 民法的（非刑法的）: civil cases 民事案件 * a civil court 民事诉讼法庭. Cf 参看 criminal 2 (crime).organizing of civilians to protect people and property during air raids or other enemy attacks in wartime 民防.refusal to obey certain laws, pay taxes, etc, as a peaceful means of (esp political) protest （人民针对政府的）非暴力反抗: a campaign of civil disobedience 非暴力反抗运动.design and building of roads, railways, bridges, canals, etc 土木工程. ,civil engi`neer 土木工程师.law dealing with the private rights of citizens, rather than with crime 民法.individual's freedom of action, limited only by laws designed to protect the community 公民自由.(Brit) allowance of money made by Parliament for the household expenses of the Royal Family 王室年俸.marriage which does not involve a religious ceremony but is recognized by law 公证结婚（未经宗教仪式但为法律承认的婚姻）.rights of each citizen to freedom and equality (eg in voting and employment) regardless of sex, race or religion 公民权. ,civil `rights movement organized movement aiming to establish full civil rights for a particular group of citizens, eg for Blacks in the USA 民权运动.person employed by the Civil Service （政府中的）公务员, 文职人员, 文官.war between groups of citizens of the same country 内战: the Spanish Civil War 西班牙内战./sɪˈvɪlɪən; sə`vɪljən/ n person not serving in the armed forces or the police force 平民, 百姓（不在军队或警察部队中服役的人）: Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in the explosion. 在爆炸中有两个士兵和一个平民被炸死. * [attrib 作定语] He left the army and returned to civilian life. 他退伍後恢复平民生活.=> civilization=> civilize=> civilized/sɪˈvɪlətɪ; sə`vɪlətɪ/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) politeness 礼貌; 客气: You should show more civility to your host. 你是客人, 应该对主人有礼貌./ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -əlɪˈz-;ˌsɪvlə`zeʃən/ n  1 [U] becoming or making sb civilized 开化; 教化: The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类经数千年才文明开化.  2 (a) [U] (esp advanced) state of human social development （尤指高级的）文明, 文明阶段. (b) [C] culture and way of life of a people, nation or period regarded as a stage in the development of organized society （一民族、国家或时期的）文化和生活方式: the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Babylon 古埃及和巴比伦文化.  3 [U] civilized conditions or society 文明的环境; 文明社会; 文明世界: live far from civilization, ie far from a large town or city 在远离文明世界的地方生活（远离大城市） * (joc 谑) It's good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks! 在帐篷里过了两个星期後, 又回到文明社会可真舒服!/ˈsɪvəlaɪz; `sɪvlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 cause (sb/sth) to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a more developed one 使（某人[某物]）开化, 文明: civilize a jungle tribe 使丛林部族开化.  2 improve the behaviour or manners of (sb); refine 改善（某人）的举止行为; 教化: His wife has had a civilizing influence on him. 他妻子对改进他言谈举止有潜移默化的影响./ˈsɪvəlaɪzd; `sɪvlˌaɪzd/ adj polite; refined 有礼貌的; 文雅的: civilized society, behaviour 有礼貌的社会、行为./ˈsɪvəlɪ; `sɪvlɪ/ adv politely 有礼貌地./ˈsɪvɪz; `sɪvɪz/ n [pl] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) clothes worn by civilians, ie not military uniform 便服（平民穿的衣服, 即非军服）./ˈsɪvɪ striːt; `sɪvɪ `strit/ (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) civilian life 平民生活.abbr 缩写 =  1 (pl unchanged or cls 复数或不变或作cls) centilitre: 75 cl 75厘升.  2 class: two 2nd cl tickets 两张二等票./klæk; klæk/ n short sharp sound (as) of hard objects being struck together （硬物相碰的）短促而尖锐的声响: the clack of high heels on a stone floor 高跟鞋在石地上的嗒嗒声 * the clack of knitting needles, a typewriter 织针、打字机的啪嗒声.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）作喀哒声: (fig 比喻) Pay no attention to clacking tongues, ie to people gossiping. 不理会叽叽喳喳的饶舌./klæd; klæd/ adj  1 (used after an adv, with in and a noun, or in compounds 用于副词後, 与in及名词连用或用于复合词) (dated or fml 旧或文) dressed; clothed 穿衣的: warmly, scantily clad 穿着暖暖的、单薄的 * motor-cyclists clad in leather/leather-clad motor-cyclists 穿皮衣的摩托车手.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (fml 文) covered 覆盖的: an ivy-clad tower 爬满常春藤的塔 * iron-clad battleships 装甲战列舰./ˈklædɪŋ; `klædɪŋ/ n [U] protective covering applied to the surface of a material or the outside walls of a building 覆面（施加于材料表面或建筑物外壁的保护层）./kleɪm; klem/ v  1 (a) [Tn] demand or request (sth) because it is or one believes it is one's right or one's property 要求或索要（某事物）（因是应得的权利或财物）: claim diplomatic immunity, the protection of the law, etc 要求外交豁免、法律保护等 * After the Duke's death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死後, 其长子要求继承爵位. * She claims ownership (ie says she is the rightful owner) of the land. 她对这块土地的产权提出要求（称她是合法所有人）. * claim an item of lost property 认领丢失的财物 * (fig 比喻) Gardening claims (ie takes up) much of my time in the summer. 夏天, 园艺工作需要（占去）我大量时间. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) demand (money) under an insurance policy, as compensation, etc 凭保险单要求赔偿（款项）; 索赔: Have you claimed (the insurance) yet? 你索取（保险金）了吗? * You can always claim on the insurance. 反正出了事可按保险索赔. * claim for damages 要求损害赔偿金.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tt] state or declare (sth) as a fact (without being able to prove it); assert 声称; 宣称; 断言: claim knowledge (ie to have knowledge) of sth 自称知道某事 * After the battle both sides claimed victory. 战斗结束後, 双方均宣称获胜. * She claims (that) she is related to the Queen/claims to be related to the Queen. 她声称和女王有亲属关系.  3 [Tn] (of things) need (sth); deserve （指事物）需要, 值得: important matters claiming one's attention值得注意的重要事情.  4 [Tn] (of a disaster, an accident, etc) cause the loss or death of (sb) （指灾难、事故等）使（某人）失踪或死亡: The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/victims. 地震夺去数以千计的[人]罹难者的生命.  5 (phr v) claim sth back ask for sth to be returned 要回某物; 索回: You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 货物有损坏, 可以要求退钱.

/kleɪm; klem/ n  1 [C] (a) ~ (for sth) demand for a sum of money (as insurance, compensation, a wage increase, etc) 索款（作为保险金、赔偿、增薪等）: put in/make a claim for damages, a pay rise, etc 提出损害赔偿、增薪等要求. (b) sum of money demanded 索要的金额: That's a very large claim! 索要的是一大笔钱!  2 [C, U] ~ (to sth); ~ (on sb/sth) right to sth 对某事物的权利: His claim to ownership is invalid. 他的所有权是无效的. * a claim to the throne 对获得王位的权利 * You have no claim on (ie no right to ask for) my sympathy. 你没有要我同情的权利. * His only claim to fame (ie The only remarkable thing about him) is that he once met Stalin. 他唯一出风头的事是他与斯大林有一面之缘.  3 [C] statement of sth as a fact; assertion 称某事为事实的陈述; 声称; 断言: Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent/to be innocent. 他说他清白, 谁也不相信.  4 [C] thing claimed, esp a piece of land 索要之物（尤指土地）.  5 (idm 习语) lay claim to sth (a) state that one has a right to sth 声称对某事物有权利: lay claim to an inheritance, an estate, a property, etc 声称对遗产、产业、财产等有权利. (b) (usu negative 通常作否定) state that one has knowledge, understanding, a skill, etc 自称有知识、智力、技能等: I lay no claim to being an expert economist. 我决不自命为经济学专家. stake a/one's claim => stake./ˈkleɪmənt; `klemənt/ n person who makes a claim2(1a), esp in law 索偿者（尤指在法律上）./kleəˈvɔɪəns; klɛr`vɔɪəns/ n [U] supposedpower of seeing in the mind either future events or things that exist or are happening out of sight （超人的）视力, 洞察力./kleəˈvɔɪənt; klɛr`vɔɪənt/ n, adj (person) having such power 有超人视力的（人）; 有洞察力的（人）./klæm; klæm/ n large shellfish with a hinged shell 蛤; 蛤蜊; 蚌.

v (-mm-)  1 [I] (US) (usu 通常作 go clamming) dig for clams (on a beach) （在沙滩上）挖蛤.  2 (phr v) clam up (infml 口) become silent; refuse to speak 沉默不语; 拒不说话: He always clammed up when we asked him about his family. 我们一问到他的家庭时, 他总是闭口不言.n (US) picnic on the sea-shore at which clams and other seafood are cooked and eaten 烤蚌野餐（在海滨以蛤和其他海味为主的野餐）./ˈklæmbə(r); `klæmbɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] climb, esp with difficulty or effort, using the hands and feet 攀爬, 攀登（尤指艰难地或费力地）: The children clambered over the rocks. 孩子们吃力地爬过了岩石.

n (esp sing 尤作单数) difficult or awkward climb 困难的或麻烦的攀登.adv. n [U]./ˈklæmɪ; `klæmɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) unpleasantly moist and sticky; damp 又潮又黏的; 潮湿的: clammy hands 又湿又黏的手 * a face clammy with sweat 汗涔涔的脸 * clammy (ie close or humid) weather 潮湿的天气. /ˈklæmərəs; `klæmərəs/ adj (fml 文) making loud demands or protests 大声要求的; 大声抗议的./ˈklæmə(r); `klæmɚ/ n [C, U]  1 loud confused noise, esp of shouting 喧哗声（尤指喊叫声）; 喧闹; 吵闹.  2 ~ (for/against sth) loud demand or protest 大声的要求或抗议: a clamour for revenge 复仇的喊声.

v  1 [I] make a clamour(1) 喧哗; 吵闹.  2 [Ipr, It] ~ for/against sth make a loud demand or protest 大声地要求或抗议: The public are clamouring for a change of government. 公众大声疾呼要求撤换政府. * The baby clamoured to be fed. 婴儿饿得大声哭叫./klæmp; klæmp/ n  1 (also cramp) device for holding things tightly together, usu by means of a screw 夹具; 夹铗.  2 piece of wood, metal, etc used for strengthening other materials or fastening things together 夹板; 压板. =>illus 见插图

v  1 [Tn] grip or hold (sth) (as if) with a clamp （像）用夹具夹住（某物）: He kept his pipe clamped between his teeth. 他一直叼着烟斗.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B (together); ~ A to B fasten (one thing to another) with a clamp 用夹具将（一物与另一物）夹紧, 固定住: clamp two boards together 把两块板夹在一起.  3 (phr v) clamp down on sb/sth (infml 口) become stricter about sth; use one's authority against sb or to prevent or suppress sth 对某事更严格; 利用权势反对某人或防止或压制某事: The Government intends to clamp down on soccer hooliganism. 政府拟采取措施严禁在足球比赛中闹事.n sudden policy of increased strictness in preventing or suppressing sth （为防止或压制某事而突然采取的）严格的政策./klæn; klæn/ n [CGp]  1 group of families, esp in Scotland, descended from a common ancestor 宗族; 家族; （尤指苏格兰的）氏族: the `Campbell clan/the clan `Campbell 坎贝尔氏族.  2 (infml 口) large family forming a close group 大家族; 大家庭.  3 group of people closely connected by similar aims, interests, etc; coterie 集团; 帮会; 宗派./klænˈdestɪn; klæn`dɛstɪn/ adj (fml 文) done secretly; kept secret; surreptitious 秘密的; 保密的; 暗中的: a clandestine marriage 秘密结婚./klæŋ; klæŋ/ n loud ringing sound (as) of metal being struck （金属敲击的）铿锵声, 叮当声: the clang of the school bell 校铃的叮当声.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出匡啷声: The prison gates clanged shut. 监狱的大门匡啷一声关上了./ˈklæŋə(r); `klæŋɚ/ n (Brit infml 口)  1 obvious and embarrassing mistake; gaffe （明显而使人难为情的）错误; 出丑.  2 (idm 习语) drop a brick/clanger => drop2./ˈklŋərəs, ˈklŋgərəs; `klæŋərəs/ adj./ˈklæŋə(r), ˈklæŋgə(r); `klæŋɚ/ n [U] continued clanging noise; series of clangs 连续的铿锵声; 一连串的叮当声. /klæŋk; klæŋk/ n dull metallic sound (as) of chains striking together （如铁链撞击在一起的）低沉的金属声, 叮当声.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出叮当声: The chains clanked as the drawbridge opened. 吊桥放下时, 铁链发出叮当声.adj (often derog 常作贬义) (of members of a group) associating closely with each other and showing little interest in other people （指集团的成员）抱成一团的. adv. n [U]./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men)/ -mEn; -mEn/ (fem 阴性作 `clanswoman, -women) member of a clan 宗族、家族、氏族或集团等的成员./klæp; klæp/ v (-pp-)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) strike (the palms of one's hands) together 拍（手）; 鼓（掌）: She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来. * They clapped their hands in time to the music. 他们随着音乐的节拍鼓起掌来. (b) [I, Tn] do this continually to show approval of (sb/sth); applaud 不断鼓掌以示赞许（某人[某事物]）; 鼓掌欢迎: The audience clapped (her/her speech) enthusiastically. 听众热情地（为她[为她的讲话]）鼓起掌来.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb on sth strike or slap sb lightly with an open hand, usu in a friendly way （用手掌）轻轻拍打某人（通常为友好地）: clap sb on the back 轻拍某人的背.  3 (idm 习语) clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth => eye1. clap hold of sb/sth (infml 口) seize sb/sth suddenly or with force 突然或用力抓住某人[某物]: Here, clap hold of this! 喂, 抓住这个! clap sb in/into jail, prison, etc (infml 口) put sb in prison quickly (often without a trial) 迅速将某人关进监狱（常未经审讯）.  4 (phr v) clap sth on (sth) (infml 口) add sth to the price of sth, esp in an unwelcome way 涨价, 提价（尤指不得人心的）: The Government has clapped an extra ten pence on a packet of cigarettes. 政府对每包香烟额外提价十便士. (be) clapped out (Brit infml 口) (of people or things) completely worn out or exhausted （指人）筋疲力尽; （指物）破烂不堪: a clapped-out old bicycle 破烂不堪的旧自行车.

n  1 [sing] act or sound of clapping (clap1 1a) 鼓掌; 掌声: Let's give her a big clap, ie applaud her. 咱们给她用力鼓掌.  2 [C] ~ on sth friendly slap 善意的拍打: give sb a clap on the back 在某人背上拍一下.  3 [C] sudden loud noise 突然的巨响: a clap of thunder 雷鸣.

/klæp; klæp/ (also the clap) n [U] (sl 俚) venereal disease, esp gonorrhoea 花柳病; （尤指）淋病./ˈklæpbɔːd; <i>US</i> ˈklæbɔːrd; `klæbɔrd/ (US) = weather-board (weather1)./ˈklæpə(r); `klæpɚ/ n  1 piece of metal, etc fixed loosely inside a bell and making it sound by striking the side （钟铃的）击锤; 钟舌; 铃舌. =>illus at bell 见bell之插图.  2 (idm 习语) like the `clappers (Brit infml 口) very fast or hard; vigorously 很快; 很用力; 强有力地: go, run, work, etc like the clappers 一个劲儿地走、跑、工作等.n (in film-making) pair of hinged boards brought together sharply to help in synchronizing the sound and the picture at the start of filming （拍电影时用的）拍板, 场记板./ˈklæptrp; `klæpˌtræp/ n [U] worthless, insincere or pretentious talk; nonsense 无价值的、不诚恳的或虚伪的话; 废话: What a load of claptrap! 废话真多!/ˈklærət; `klærət/ n (a) [C, U] (any of various types of) dry red wine, esp from the Bordeaux area of France 乾红葡萄酒（尤指法国波尔多地区产的）: I prefer Burgundy to claret. 我喜欢勃艮第葡萄酒, 不喜欢波尔多产的葡萄酒. (b) [U] colour of this 深红色（此种酒的颜色）. Cf 参看 Bordeaux.

adj dark red 深红色的./ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌklærəfə`keʃən/ n [U] clarifying or being clarified 澄清; 被澄清: The whole issue needs clarification. 整个问题都需要澄清./ˈklærɪfaɪ; `klærəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understand （使某事物）清楚易懂; 澄清: clarify a remark, statement 澄清一项意见、声明 * I hope that what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况.  2 [Tn] remove impurities from (fats), eg by heating 除去（油脂）中的杂质（如用加热法）: clarified butter 已除去杂质的黄油./ˌklærəˈnet; ˌklærə`nɛt/ n musical instrument of the woodwind group with finger-holes and keys 单簧管; 竖笛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x.n person who plays the clarinet 单簧管或竖笛吹奏者./ˈklærɪən; `klærɪən/ adj [attrib 作定语] loud, clear and rousing 响亮、清澈而又有激励作用的: a clarion call to action 激励人行动起来的鲜明口号./ˈklærətɪ; `klærətɪ/ n [U] clearness; lucidity 清楚; 明晰; 清澈: clarity of expression, thinking, vision 表达、思维、视觉清楚./klæʃ; klæʃ/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth and sth) (together) (cause things to) strike together with a loud, harsh noise （使）发出巨大刺耳的撞击声: Their swords clashed. 他们的剑互相撞击, 铿锵有声. * She clashed the cymbals together. 她敲铙钹.  2 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb) come together and fight 冲突; 交战: The two armies clashed. 两军交战. * Demonstrators clashed with police. 示威者与警察发生冲突. (b) ~ (with sb) (on/over sth) disagree seriously (about sth) （对某事）重大分歧: The Government clashed with the Opposition/The Government and the Opposition clashed on the question of unemployment. 政府与反对党在失业问题上有重大分歧.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) happen inconveniently at the same time (as sth else) （与另一事）时间上冲突: It's a pity the two concerts clash; I wanted to go to both of them. 真可惜两个音乐会时间上有冲突, 我本来想两个都去. * Your party clashes with a wedding I'm going to. 你们的聚会和我要去参加的婚礼时间上有冲突.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of colours, designs, etc) not match or harmonize （指颜色、花样等）不相配, 不和谐: The (colour of the) wallpaper clashes with the (colour of the) carpet/The wallpaper and the carpet clash. 壁纸（的颜色）和地毯（的颜色）不和谐.

/klæʃ; klæʃ/ n  1 clashing noise 碰撞声; 撞击声: a clash of cymbals, swords 铙钹、剑的撞击声.  2 (a) ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) violent contact; fight 激烈的冲突; 打斗: clashes between police and demonstrators 警察与示威者间的冲突. (b) ~ (with sb/sth) (on/over sth); ~ (between sb and sb)(on/over sth) serious disagreement; argument 重大的分歧; 争论: a clash between the Prime Minister and the leader of the Opposition on defence spending 首相与反对党领袖在国防开支上的争论. (c) serious difference; conflict 极大的区别; 冲突: a clash of interests, personalities, cultures, opinions 利益、个性、文化、意见的巨大的差别.  3 ~ (between A and B) coinciding of events or dates 事情或日期的冲突: a clash between two classes 两堂课在时间上的冲突.  4 failure of colours, designs, etc to match or harmonize （颜色、花样等的）不相配或不和谐./klɑːsp; <i>US</i> klæsp; klæsp/ n  1 device for fastening things (eg the ends of a belt or a necklace) together 钩子, 扣子, 扣环（如腰带或项链的两端）: The clasp of my brooch is broken. 我胸针的钩子坏了.  2 (a) firm hold with the hand; grasp; grip 紧握; 抓; 攥: He held her hand in a firm clasp. 他紧紧握着她的手. (b) embrace 拥抱.

/klɑːsp; <i>US</i> klæsp; klæsp/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] hold (sb/sth) tightly in the hand 握紧（某人[某物]）; 紧握; 攥: She was clasping a knife. 她攥着一把刀. * They clasped hands (ie held each other's hands) briefly before saying goodbye. 他们匆匆握手告别. * His hands were clasped (together) in prayer. 他祈祷时双手十指交叉（在一起）握着. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] hold (sb) tightly with the arms; embrace 抱紧（某人）; 拥抱: He clasped her to his chest. 他把她紧紧地抱在怀里. * They stood clasped in each other's arms. 他们站着相互拥抱.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] be fastened or fasten (sth) with a clasp1(1) 被扣紧; 被钩紧: clasp a bracelet round one's wrist 将手镯戴在手腕上.n folding knife with a catch for holding the blade open 弹簧摺刀./klɑːs; <i>US</i> klæs; klæs/ n  1 (a) [CGp] group of people at the same social or economic level 阶级; 阶层; 社会等级: the working/middle/upper class 工人阶级[中产阶级/上层社会] * the professional class(es) 专业阶层. (b) [U] system that divides people into such groups 阶级制度: [attrib 作定语] class differences, distinctions, divisions, etc 阶级差别、界限、划分.  2 (a) [CGp] group of students taught together 班级: We were in the same class at school. 我们上学时在同一班. * Form 4 is/are a difficult class to teach. 四年级很难教. (b) [C] occasion when this group meets to be taught; lesson 上课; 课: I have a maths class at 9 o'clock. 我9点钟有数学课. (c) [CGp] (US) group of students who finish their studies at school or university in a particular year （毕业生的）同届: the class of '82  1982年届.  3 [C] set of people, animals or things grouped together, esp according to quality 级, 等, 等级, 种类（尤指按质量划分的）: As an actress Jane is not in the same class as (ie is not as good as) Susan. 作为演员, 简不如苏珊. * [attrib 作定语] a top-class athlete 一流运动员.  4 [U] (infml 口) high quality; excellence; distinction 高质量; 优秀; 优异: She's got (a lot of) class. 她（实在）很有气质. * [attrib 作定语] a class (tennis) player 优秀（网球）运动员.  5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) one of several different levels of comfort, etc available to travellers in a train, plane, bus, etc （火车、飞机、公共汽车等的）等级: first class * tourist class * [attrib 作定语] a second-class compartment, eg on a train.  6 [C] (Brit) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) one of several grades of achievement in a university degree examination （大学学位考试成绩的）等级: a first-/ second-/ third-class (honours) degree.  7 [C] (biology 生) second highest group into which animals and plants are divided, below a phylum and including several orders (order1 9) （动植物分类的）纲. Cf 参看 family 4, genus 1, species. 1.  8 (idm 习语) in a class of one's/its `own; in a class by one`self/it`self better than everyone/anything else of his/its kind; unequalled 独一无二; 无以伦比: Pele was in a class of his own as a footballer. 贝利是举世无双的足球健将.

v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a class(1b); classify sb/sth 将某人[某事物]归入某类; 把...分类: Immigrant workers were classed as resident aliens. 移民来的工人已归入外侨类.adj aware of belonging to a particular social class or of the differences between social classes 意识到属于某阶级的; 有阶级意识的. n [U].n [U] feelings of hostility between social classes 阶级意识（阶级间的敌意）.n (Brit) list showing the class of degree achieved by university students in their final examinations （大学生最後考试的）学位成绩名单.n person who was or is in the same class as oneself at school 同班同学: We were class-mates at primary school. 我们在小学是同班同学.n room where a class of pupils or students is taught 教室./ˈklæsɪk; `klæsɪk/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance 最优秀的; 第一流的; 经典的: a classic novel, work of scholarship, game of football 最佳的小说、学术著作、足球赛.  2 very typical 典型的: a classic example 典型的例子 * classic symptoms of pneumonia 肺炎的典型症状 * a classic case of malnutrition 营养不良的典型病例.  3(a) simple, harmonious and restrained; classical(3) 典雅的; 古雅的. (b) (of clothes, designs, etc) having a simple traditional style that is not affected by changes in fashion （指衣服、设计等）传统式样的: a classic dress 传统的连衣裙.  4 famous through being long established （因为时已久）着名的; 传统的: one of the classic events of the sporting calendar 体育运动日程表中传统比赛项目之一.

/ˈklæsɪk; `klæsɪk/ n  1 [C] writer, artist or work of art recognized as being of high quality and lasting value 文豪; 大艺术家; 杰作; 名著; 经典著作: This novel may well become a classic. 这本小说很可能成为经典著作. * She enjoys reading the classics, ie the great works of literature. 她喜欢读经典著作.  2 [C] outstanding example of its kind 优秀的典范: The (football) match was a classic. 那场（足球）比赛堪称典范.  3 Classics [sing v] (study of) ancient Greek and Roman language and literature 古代希腊与罗马的语言和文学（的研究）: She studied Classics at university. 她在大学学习古希腊与古罗马的语言文学.  4 [C] garment that is classic1(3b) in style 传统样式的服装./ˈklæsɪkl; `klæsɪkl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 of, relating to or influenced by the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的; 受古希腊与古罗马文学艺术影响的: classical studies 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的研究 * a classical scholar, ie an expert in Latin and Greek 研究古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的学者（拉丁文与希腊文专家） * a classical education, ie one based on the study of Latin and Greek 以学习拉丁文与希腊文为基础的教育 * classical architecture 古希腊与古罗马式的建筑风格.  2 (a) (of music) serious and traditional in style （指音乐）古典的（风格严谨而传统的）: the classical music of India 印度的古典音乐. Cf 参看 pop3. (b) (of music) (characteristic) of the period 1750-1800 （指音乐）表现1750-1800年时期（特徵）的; 古典派的: classical composers such as Mozart and Haydn 古典派的作曲家如莫札特和海顿 * the classical symphony 古典派的交响乐.  3 simple, restrained and harmonious in style 风格朴实、严谨及和谐的: a classical elegance 典雅. /klsɪkəlɪ;`klæsɪklɪ/ adv./ˈklæsɪsɪzəm; `klæsəˌsɪzəm/ n [U]  1 (following of the) style and principles of classical(1) art and literature （遵循）古典主义, 古典文学艺术的风格与原则. Cf 参看 idealism 2, realism 2, romanticism (romantic).  2 simplicity and regularity of style or form （风格或形式的）朴素和正规./ˈklæsɪsɪst; `klæsəsɪst/ n  1 person who follows classicism in art or literature 古典主义者.  2 expert in or student of ancient Greek or Latin 古希腊文或拉丁文的专家或学者./ˈklæsɪfaɪəbl; `klæsəˌfaɪəbl/ adj that can be classified 可分类的./ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌklæsəfə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] classifying or being classified 分类; 分级.  2 [C] group or class into which sth is put （某事物所归入的）类别, 种类, 门类.  3 [U] (biology 生) placing of animals and plants into groups according to similarities of structure, origin, etc （动植物的）分类（法）.  4 [C] (in libraries, etc) system of grouping books, magazines, etc according to their subject （图书馆等中的）编目.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 arranged in groups 分类的: a classified directory, ie one in which the names of firms, etc are entered under labelled headings, eg builders, electricians, plumbers 分类电话簿.  2 declared officially secret (by a government) and available only to certain people （由政府）定为机密而仅供某些人使用的: classified information, documents 机密情报、文件.small advertisements placed in a newspaper, etc by people wishing to buy or sell sth, employ sb, find a job, etc 分类广告./ˈklæsɪfaɪ; `klæsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 (a)[Tn] arrange (sth) systematically in classes or groups 将（某事物）编排, 分类: The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆的书是按照[根据]科目分类的. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a particular class(3) 将某人[某事物]归类: Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属于文学类呢, 还是属于通俗读物类?  2 [Tn] declare (information, documents, etc) to be officially secret and available only to certain people 将（资料、文件等）定为官方密件而仅供某些人使用.adj  1 not clearly belonging to any particular social class 不明显属于某一阶级或阶层的: a classless accent 无任何阶层特徵的口音.  2 without social classes 无阶级的: a classless society 无阶级的社会./ˈklɑːsɪ; <i>US</i> ˈklæsɪ; `klæsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) of high quality; stylish; superior 高质量的; 时髦的; 优等的: a classy hotel 高级旅馆./ˈklætə(r); `klætɚ/ n [sing] continuous noise (as) of hard objects falling or knocking against each other （硬物落下或相撞时发出的）连续撞击声: the clatter of cutlery, horse's hoofs, a typewriter 刀叉、马蹄、打字机的咔嗒声.

v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] (cause sth to) make a clatter （使某物）发出连续咔嗒声: Don't clatter your knives and forks. 不要将刀叉相碰出声.  2 (phr v) clatter across, down, in, etc move across, etc, making a clatter 发出连续咔嗒声地跨过等: The children clattered (ie ran noisily) downstairs. 孩子们咔咔地跑下楼. * The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车咔嗒咔嗒响着经过大卵石路./klɔːz; klɔz/ n  1 (grammar) group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence 从句; 分句; 子句: The sentence `He often visits Spain because he likes the climate' consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause. He often visits Spain because he likes the climate 一句中有一个主句和一个从句.  2 paragraph or section in a legal document (eg a will, contract or treaty) stating a particular obligation, condition, etc （在法律文件如遗嘱、合同或条约中, 陈述具体义务、条件等的）段落或章节; 条款: There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet. 合同中列有条款, 禁止承租人转租./ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbɪə; ˌklɔstrə`fobɪə/ n [U] abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space 幽闭恐怖（症）./ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbɪk; ˌklɔstrə`fobɪk/ adj suffering from or causing claustrophobia 患幽闭恐怖（症）的; 诱发幽闭恐怖（症）的: feel claustrophobic 感到幽闭恐怖 * a claustrophobic little room 使人感到幽闭恐怖的房间./ˈklævɪkɔːd; `klævəˌkɔrd/ n early type of keyboard instrument with a very soft tone 击弦键琴（钢琴的前身）./ˈklævɪkl; `klævəkl/ n (anatomy 解) collar-bone 锁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图./klɔː; klɔ/ n  1 (a) any of the pointed nails (nail1) on the feet of some mammals, birds and reptiles 爪（某些哺乳类、鸟类和爬行类动物的尖利脚趾甲）: Cats have sharp claws. 猫有尖爪. (b) (esp in birds) foot with claws （尤指鸟类）带爪的脚: The eagle held a mouse in its claws. 鹰用爪抓住了老鼠.  2 pincers of a shellfish （甲壳类动物的）钳, 螯: a lobster's claw 龙虾的螯. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish之插图.  3 mechanical device like a claw, used for gripping and lifting things 爪形器具（用以抓住或提起物件）.  4 (idm 习语) get one's claws into sb (infml 口) (esp of a woman) attach oneself to (a partner) in a determined way （尤指女子）依附于伴侣: She's really got her claws into him! 她完全依靠他了!

v  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sb/sth (try to) scratch or tear sb/sth with a claw or claws or with one's finger-nails （试图）用爪或指甲抓或撕某人[某物]; 搔; 挠; 刮: The cats clawed at each other. 猫用爪子互相抓. * The prisoner clawed at the cell door in desperation. 囚犯绝望地乱抓牢房的门. * His face was badly clawed. 他的脸给抓坏了.  2 (idm 习语) claw one's way across, up, through, etc move across, etc by using the claws or the hands 用爪或手爬行过去等: They slowly clawed their way up the cliff. 他们缓慢地爬上峭壁.  3 (phr v) claw sth back (of a government) recover, esp by taxation, money paid as an allowance to people who are not thought to need financial help （指政府）（尤指用税收）收回认为不需资助者的补助金.n act of clawing sth back 收回补助金.n hammer with one end of its head bent and divided for pulling out nails 羊角榔头; 拔钉锤. =>illus at hammer 见 hammer 之插图./kleɪ; kle/ n  1 [U] stiff sticky earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making bricks and pottery 黏土: [attrib 作定语] clay soil 黏质土壤 * clay tiles 陶土瓦.  2 (idm 习语) have feet of clay => foot1.breakable disc thrown in the air as a target for shooting at 泥鸽靶（掷到空中作射击靶子的易碎圆盘）: [attrib 作定语] clay `pigeon shooting 泥鸽靶射击.tobacco pipe made of clay pottery 陶制烟斗./kleɪɪ; `kleɪ/ adj like, containing or covered with clay 像黏土的; 含有黏土的; 粘着黏土的./ˈkleɪmɔː(r); `klemɔr/ n large two-edged sword, formerly used by Scottish Highlanders （旧时苏格兰高地人用的）双刃大刀./kliːn; klin/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) free from dirt or impurities 清洁的; 乾净的; 无杂质的: clean hands 乾净的手 * clean air, ie free from smoke, etc 清洁的空气 * a clean wound, ie one that is not infected 未感染的伤口 * wash, wipe, scrub, brush, etc sth clean 把某物洗、擦、擦洗、刷...乾净. (b) that has been washed since it was last worn or used 洗过的: a clean dress, towel, knife 洗过的连衣裙、手巾、小刀 * He wears clean socks every day. 他每天穿新洗的袜子. * put clean sheets on a bed 把洗过的床单铺在床上. (c) having clean habits; caring about cleanliness 爱乾净的; 讲究清洁的: Cats are clean animals. 猫很爱乾净.  2 not yet used; unmarked 尚未用过的; 未作过标记的: a clean sheet of paper 一张白纸.  3 (a) not obscene or indecent 不猥亵的; 不下流的: Keep it clean! ie Don't tell dirty jokes! 嘴乾净点! （别开下流玩笑!） (b) (dated 旧) good; innocent 好的; 无辜的; 清白的: lead a clean life 过清白的生活. (c) showing or having no record of offences 无过失记录的: a clean driving-licence, ie one with no endorsements 无违章记录的驾驶执照 * She has a clean record. 她无违法记录. (d) keeping to the rules; not unfair 遵守规则的; 公平的; 正当的; 不违例的: a hard-fought but clean match 激烈而规矩的比赛 * a clean tackle, eg in a game of football 正当的抢截（如在足球赛中）.  4 having a simple and pleasing shape; well-formed 外形简洁美观的; 形状好的: a car with clean lines 美观的汽车.  5 with a smooth edge or surface; regular; even 边或面光滑的; 规则的; 均匀的; 整齐的: A sharp knife makes a clean cut. 快刀切得整齐. * a clean break, eg the breaking of a bone in one place 整齐的断裂处（如骨折于一处）.  6 (esp in sport) skilfully and accurately done （尤指体育运动）动作纯熟准确的, 乾净利落的: a clean hit, stroke, blow, etc 乾净利落的击中目标、一击、一拳等.  7 (infml 口) (of a nuclear weapon) producing little radioactivity （指核武器）几乎无放射性尘埃的.  8 (idm 习语) (as) clean as a new `pin (infml 口) very clean and tidy 非常整洁. (as) clean as a `whistle (infml 口) (a) very clean 非常清洁. (b) skilfully; deftly 熟练地; 灵巧地: The dog jumped through the hoop as clean as a whistle, ie without touching it. 狗灵巧地跳过钻圈（没有触到圈）. a clean bill of `health report showing that one's health is good, esp after illness 健康状况良好的报告（尤指病後）: The doctor gave him a clean bill of health. 医生给他一份健康良好的报告. a clean `sheet/`slate record of work or behaviour that does not show any wrongdoing in the past 过去工作或操行中无过错的记录: He came out of prison hoping to start (life) again with a clean sheet, ie with his previous offences forgotten. 他出狱後希望重新做人. (make) a clean sweep (of sth) (a) the removing of things or people that are thought to be unnecessary 去掉认为不必要的事物或人; 清除; 撤换: The new manager made a clean sweep of the department. 新经理清除了部门中的冗员. (b) victory in all of a group of similar or related competitions, games, etc （在所有有关竞争、比赛等中）大获全胜: The Russians made a clean sweep of (the medals in) the gymnastics events. 俄罗斯运动员囊括体操项目奖牌. keep one's nose clean => nose1. make a clean break (with sth) change one's previous manner of living entirely 完全改变以前的生活方式: He's made a clean break with the past. 他完全改变了过去的生活方式. make a clean breast of sth make a full confession of sth 完全承认某事物: He made a clean breast of his crime to the police. 他向警方如实招供. show a clean pair of heels => show2. wipe the slate clean => wipe.

adv  1 completely; entirely 彻底地; 完全地; 全部地: The bullet went clean through his shoulder. 子弹穿透他的肩膀. * The thief got clean away. 窃贼逃得无影无踪. * I clean forgot about it. 我把它忘得一乾二净. * The batsman was clean bowled, ie without the ball hitting the bat or the pads first. 击球员被迫出局（球未先击中球板或护胫）.  2 (idm 习语) come clean (with sb) (about sth) (infml 口) make a full and honest confession 全盘招供; 和盘托出: I've got to come `clean (with you)  I was the one who broke the window. 我（向你）说实话--窗户是我打破的.

/kliːn; klin/ v  1 (a) [Tn] make (sth) clean or free of dirt, etc 使（某物）清洁或无灰尘等: clean the windows, one's shoes, one's teeth 擦窗户、擦鞋、刷牙 * I must have this suit cleaned, ie at the dry-cleaner's. 我得把这套衣服送去乾洗. * The cat sat cleaning itself. 猫坐着舔乾净自己的身体. (b) [I] become clean 变乾净: This floor cleans easily, ie is easy to clean. 这地面容易擦洗乾净.  2 (phr v) clean sth down clean sth thoroughly by wiping or brushing it 擦净或刷净某物: clean down the walls 擦净墙壁. clean sth from/off sth remove sth from sth by brushing, scraping, wiping, etc 从某物上将他物刷掉、刮掉、擦掉等: She cleaned the dirt from her finger-nails. 她从指甲里剔掉污垢. clean sth out clean the inside of sth thoroughly 彻底将某物内部弄得乾乾净净: clean out the stables 彻底清扫马厩. clean sb out (of sth) (infml 口) use up or take all sb's money; take or buy all sb's stock 将某人所有的钱用完或取走; 将某人所有的存货取走或买走: I haven't a penny left; buying drinks for everyone has cleaned me out completely. 我一个便士都没有了, 给大家买饮料把我的钱全花光了. * The burglars cleaned her out of all her jewellery. 窃贼把她所有的首饰都偷走了. clean (oneself) up (infml 口) wash oneself 把身体洗乾净: My hands are filthy; I'd better go and clean (myself) up. 我的手脏了, 最好去洗洗. clean (sth) up (a) remove (dirt, rubbish, etc) from a place to clean it; make (a place) clean by removing dirt, etc 除去（污物、垃圾等）把一地方打扫乾净; 除去污物等使（一地方）乾净: The workmen cleaned up (the mess) before they left. 工人们清理（杂物）後就走了. * clean up (a room) after a party 聚会後（把房间）打扫乾净. (b) (infml 口) make or win (a lot of money) 挣得或赢得（很多钱）: He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财. clean sth up remove criminals, harmful influences, etc from sth 从某事物中清除罪犯、有害影响等: The mayor is determined to clean up the city. 市长决心清除市内的不良现象. * a campaign to clean up (ie reduce the amount of sex and violence shown on) television 清除电视中不良现象的运动（减少播放色情和暴力的节目）.adj (a) clearly outlined 轮廓清楚的:,clean-cut `features 轮廓清楚的脸型. (b) (approv 褒) looking neat and respectable 外貌整洁体面的: a,clean-cut `student 整洁体面的学生.adj (approv 褒) (esp of young people) having well-formed and slender limbs （尤指年轻人）体形优美四肢修长的.adj (of men) not having a moustache or a beard （指男子）胡须刮得乾净的.n (a) removal of dirt, etc from a person or place 清洗; 打扫. (b) removal of criminals, etc 清除罪犯等./ˈkliːnə(r); `klinɚ/ n  1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that cleans 做清扫工作的人或物: an `office cleaner 办公室清洁工 * a `floor cleaner, ie a substance that removes grease, stains, etc from floors 地板除垢剂（从地板上清除油渍、污点之物）.  2 cleaners [pl] place where clothes and fabrics are cleaned, esp with chemicals 洗衣店: send a suit to the cleaners 把一套衣服送到洗衣店去.  3 (idm 习语) take sb to the `cleaners (infml 口) (a) rob or cheat sb of his money 抢或骗某人的钱. (b) criticize sb harshly 粗暴地批评某人.woman employed to clean offices, a private house, etc 女清洁工.n [U] being clean 清洁; 乾净./ˈkliːnlɪ; `klinlɪ/ adv easily; smoothly 容易地; 光洁地: Blunt scissors don't cut cleanly. 钝剪刀剪不齐. * catch a ball cleanly, ie without fumbling 利落地接住球.

/ˈklenlɪ; `klɛnlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) habitually clean; having clean habits 习惯上清洁的; 有清洁习惯的: Cats are cleanly animals. 猫很爱清洁./ˈklenz; klɛnz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) make thoroughly clean 使彻底清洁; 清洗: a cleansing cream, ie one that cleans the skin 洁肤膏（使皮肤清洁的乳剂） * (fig fml 比喻, 文) She felt cleansed of her sins after confession. 她忏悔之後觉得自己的罪洗清了.n substance that cleanses, eg a detergent or a lotion 清洁剂./klɪə(r); klɪr/ adj (-er/ 5klIErE(r); `klIrL/, -est/ 5klIErIst; `klIrIst/)  1 (a) easy to see through; transparent 清澈的; 透明的: clear glass 透明的玻璃 * the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清澈的湖水. (b) without cloud or mist 无云雾的; 晴朗的: a clear sky, day 晴朗的天空、一天 * clear weather 无云雾的天气. (c) without spots or blemishes 无污点或瑕疵的; 洁净的: clear skin 洁净的皮肤 * a clear complexion 洁净的面孔.  2 (a) easy to see or hear; distinct 易看清或听清的; 清晰的: a clear photograph 清晰的照片 * a clear reflection in the water 水中清晰的倒影 * a clear voice, speaker, sound 清晰的嗓音、扬声器、声音. (b) easy to understand 易懂的; 明白的: a clear explanation, article, meaning 易懂的解释、文章、意思 * You'll do as you're told, is that clear? 让你怎么做就怎么做, 明白吗?  3 ~ (about/on sth) without doubt, confusion or difficulty; certain 无疑的; 不混淆的; 无困难的; 肯定的: a clear thinker 思维清楚的思考者 * a clear understanding of the problems 对问题透澈的了解 * My memory is not clear on that point. 那一点我记不清楚了. * Are you quite clear about what the job involves? 这一工作涉及哪些内容, 你都明白吗?  4 ~ (to sb) evident; obvious; definite 明显的; 显然的; 明确的: a clear case of cheating 明显的欺骗 * have a clear advantage/lead, eg in a contest 明显的优势[领先]（如在比赛中） * It is quite clear that she is not coming. 很清楚, 她不来了.  5 ~ (of sth) (a) free from obstructions, obstacles, difficulties or dangers 无阻塞、障碍、困难或危险的: a clear view 一览无遗 * Wait until the road is clear (of traffic) before crossing. 等路上无车辆来往时, 再穿过马路. * I want to keep next weekend clear so that I can do some gardening. 我要留出下周末的时间作些园艺工作. (b) free from guilt 无罪的; 无辜的: have a clear conscience 问心无愧. (c) free from sth undesirable 无厌恶之物的: clear of debt 无债务的 * You are now clear of all suspicion. 你现在已经没有嫌疑了.  6 [pred 作表语] ~ (of sb/sth) not touching sth; away from sth 不触及某事物; 与某事物有距离: The plane climbed until it was clear of the clouds. 飞机爬升穿出了云层. * Park (your car) about nine inches clear of the kerb. （把你的汽车）停放在离路边石九英寸的地方.  7 [attrib 作定语] complete 整整的; 十足的: Allow three clear days for the letter to arrive. 信要整整三天才能到达. * The bill was passed by a clear (ie fairly large) majority. 议案获绝对多数票通过.  8 [attrib 作定语] (of a sum of money) with nothing to be deducted; net （指一笔钱）不再扣除的, 纯的, 净的: a clear profit 净利.  9 (idm 习语) (as) clear as a `bell clearly and easily heard 清楚而容易听到的. (as) clear as `day easy to see or understand; obvious 显而易见的; 易懂的; 显然的. (as) clear as `mud (infml 口) very unclear; not apparent or well explained 很不清楚的; 不明显的; 未解释清楚的. the coast is clear => coast1. in the `clear (infml 口) no longer in danger or suspected of sth 不再有危险的; 不再因某事物受嫌疑: She was very ill for a few days but doctors say she's now in the clear. 她大病了几天, 但医生说她现在已无危险. make oneself `clear express oneself clearly 把自己的意思表达清楚: Do I make myself clear? 我讲得清楚吗? make sth `clear/`plain (to sb) make sth fully understood 使某事物被充分理解: I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他, 我拒绝了他的建议.

/klɪə(r); klɪr/ adv  1 clearly; distinctly 清楚地; 明白地; 明显地: I can hear you loud and clear. 你的声音很大, 我听得很清楚.  2 ~ (of sth) out of the way of sth; no longer near or touching sth 不阻碍某事物; 不再接触或接近某事物: Stand clear of the doors. 别站在门口挡道. * He managed to leap clear of (ie out of) the burning car. 他设法从燃烧着的汽车中跳了出来. * He jumped three inches clear of (ie above) the bar. 他跳得比杆儿高出三英寸.  3 completely 彻底; 完全: The prisoner got clear away. 该囚犯逃之夭夭了.  4 (idm 习语) keep/stay/steer clear (of sb/sth) avoid meeting sb or becoming involved with sth or going near a place or using sth 避免见到某人或涉及某事物或接近某处或使用某物: Try to keep clear of trouble. 尽量避免麻烦. * I prefer to keep clear of town during the rush-hour. 我不愿意在交通拥挤的时间去市区. * (infml 口) His doctor advised him to steer clear of alcohol. 医生建议他不要喝酒. pull sb/sth clear => pull2.

/klɪə(r); klɪr/ v  1 (a) [I] become transparent 变得透明: The muddy water slowly cleared. 有泥的水慢慢地变清了. (b) [I] (of the sky or the weather) become free of cloud or rain （指天空或天气）变为无云或无雨; 转晴: The sky cleared after the storm. 暴风雨过後, 天空转晴了. (c) [I, Ip] ~ (away) (of fog, smoke, etc) disappear （指雾、烟等）消散: It was a fine day once the mist had cleared. 雾消散後是个晴天.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (of B)/~ B (from A) remove (sth that is unwanted or no longer needed) (from a place) （从某处）移走（不要的东西）: clear the table, eg take away dirty plates, etc after a meal 收拾桌子（饭後拿走脏盘子等） * clear one's throat, ie remove phlegm from one's throat by coughing slightly 清清嗓子 * clear the streets of snow/clear snow from the streets 清除街道上的积雪 * The land was cleared of trees. 地上的树已清除. * (fig 比喻) clear one's mind of doubt 消除心中疑团. (b) [Tn] remove (data that is no longer required) from the memory of a computer or calculator （从电脑或计算器中）消除（数据）.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) show or declare sb to be innocent 表明或宣称某人无辜: clear one's name 表明自己名声清白 * She was cleared of all charges. 对她的一切控告均已撤消.  4 [Tn] get past or over (sth) without touching it 经过或越过（某物）（但不触及）: The horse cleared the fence easily. 那匹马轻易地越过了篱笆. * The car only just cleared (ie nearly hit) the gatepost. 汽车险些碰上门柱. * The winner cleared six feet, ie jumped six feet without touching the bar. 优胜者跳过六英尺.  5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] get permission for or allow (a ship, plane or cargo) to leave or enter a place or be unloaded 准予（船、飞机或货物）通过: clear goods through customs, ie by paying the necessary duties 为货物报关（交税） * clear a plane for take-off 准予飞机起飞. (b) [Tn] (of goods) pass through (sth) after satisfying official requirements （指货物）（符合官方规定）通过（某物）: Our baggage has cleared customs. 我们的行李已通过海关检查.  6 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (a) officially approve (sb) before he is given special work or allowed to see or handle secret information 正式批准（某人）可做机密工作或接触机密资料: She's been cleared by security. 她经保安部门批准可做机密工作. (b) declare (sth) to be acceptable 决定（某事物）可接受: clear an article for publication 决定一篇文章可以发表.  7 [Tn] pass (a cheque) through a clearing-house (clear3) （经票据交换所）结算, 清算（支票）.  8 [Tn] earn (money) as gain or profit 赚（钱）: clear 1000 on a deal 一项交易赚1000英镑 * clear (ie make enough money to cover) one's expenses 赚得足够开销的钱.  9 [Tn] repay (sth) fully 清偿（某事物）: clear one's debts, a loan, etc 还清自己的偿务、贷款等.  10 [I, Tn] (in football, hockey, etc) kick or hit (the ball) away from the area near the goal （足球、曲棍球等中）踢或击（球）使之离开球门区.  11 (idm 习语) clear the `air lessen or remove fears, worries or suspicions by talking about them openly （公开倾诉以）减轻或消除恐惧、忧虑或疑虑: A frank discussion can help to clear the air. 坦率的谈论有助于消除疑虑. clear the `decks (infml 口) prepare for a particular activity, event, etc by removing anything that is not essential to it （清除不必要的东西）准备某项行动、活动等.  12 (phr v) clear (sth) away remove (objects) in order to leave a clear space 移走（物件）以留出空间: clear away the dishes 收走碟子. clear off (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) go or run away 走开; 跑开: You've no right to be here. Clear off! 你无权在这儿. 走开! * He cleared off as soon as he saw the policeman coming. 他一看到警察来了, 就逃跑了. clear sth off complete the payment of sth 付清某物的款: clear off a debt 付清债务. clear out (of...) (infml 口) leave (a place) quickly 迅速离开（某地）: He cleared out before the police arrived. 警察尚未来到, 他就急忙溜掉了. clear sth out make sth empty or tidy by removing what is inside it 清除某物内部将其腾空或使之整洁: clear out the attic 清理顶楼. clear up (a) (of the weather) become fine or bright （指天气）转晴: I hope it clears up this afternoon. 我希望今天下午天气转晴. (b) (of an illness, infection, etc) disappear as good health returns 痊愈: Has your rash cleared up yet? 你的皮疹好了吗? clear (sth) up make (sth) tidy 使（某物）整洁; 清理: Please clear up (the mess in here) before you go. 你走以前请（把这里的杂乱东西）整理好. clear sth up remove doubt about sth; solve sth 清除对某事的疑虑; 解决某事物: clear up a mystery, difficulty, misunderstanding, etc 清除疑团、解决困难、解除误会. clear sb/sth with sb/sth have sb/sth inspected or approved by sb in authority 使某人[某事物]经过某权威人士检验或批准: You'll have to clear it with management. 此事你必须得到管理部门准许.adj not vague; definite 不含混的; 明确的: ,clear-cut `plans, pro`posals, di`stinctions 明确的计划、提议、区分.adj thinking or understanding clearly; sensible 头脑清楚的; 明事理的. n [U].adj seeing, understanding or thinking clearly; discerning 观察、理解或思维清楚的; 有眼力的./ˈklɪərəns; `klɪrəns/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) clearing, removing or tidying sth 清理、清除或整理某事物: `slum clearance, ie knocking down of slum houses 清拆贫民窟（拆除贫民窟的房屋） * [attrib 作定语] a `clearance sale, ie one in which all unwanted stock in a shop is sold at reduced prices （商店）清货大贱卖.  2 [C] (in football, hockey, etc) act of kicking or striking the ball away from the goal （足球、 曲棍球等）将球踢出或击出球门区的动作: a fine clearance by the full-back 後卫将球一脚踢出球门区.  3 [C, U] space left clear when one object moves past or under another 净空, 余隙, 量（一物从另一物旁边或下面经过时, 两者间的空隙）: a clearance of only two feet, eg for a ship moving through a canal 仅两英尺的净空（如船通过运河时） * There is not much clearance for tall vehicles passing under this bridge. 高大车辆在这桥下通过时没有多大余隙.  4 (a) [C, U] (document giving) authorization or permission, eg for a ship or plane to leave a place or for goods to pass through customs(2) 许可（证）（如准予船只或飞机离开或货物通过海关的）: get clearance for take-off 得到起飞的许可. (b) [U] official permission for sb to work with secret information, etc 正式批准某人参与机密工作等的许可: give sb security clearance 保安部门给予某人的机密工作许可.  5 [C, U] clearing of cheques at a clearing-house (clear3) （票据交换所内的）支票交换, 结算, 清算.adv. /ˈklɪərɪŋ; `klɪrɪŋ/ n open space from which trees have been cleared in a forest （森林中树木砍伐後的）空地.(Brit) any bank belonging to a clearing-house 票据交换银行.n office at which banks exchange cheques and then pay in cash the amount they still owe each other 票据交换所.adv  1 in a clear manner; distinctly 清楚地; 明白地; 明显地: speak clearly 清楚地说 * It is too dark to see clearly. 天太黑看不清楚.  2 obviously; undoubtedly 显然地; 无疑地: That clearly cannot be true. 显然那不是真的.n [U] state of being clear; clarity 清楚; 明白; 清澈; 透明: the clearness of the atmosphere 空气清新 * clearness of vision 视觉清楚.n (Brit) road other than a motorway on which vehicles may not normally stop or park 畅通路（公路上的不准停车路段, 与高速公路不同）./kliːt; klit/ n  1 small wooden or metal bar fastened to sth, on which ropes may be fastened by winding （固定在某物上的）木棒或金属棒（用以缠绕绳索）; 拴; 楔子.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) strip of rubber, wood, etc fastened to the sole of a boot or shoe, or to a gangway, to prevent slipping 防滑条.  3 V-shaped wedge V形楔; 羊角./ˈkliːvɪdʒ; `klivɪdʒ/ n  1 [C] (a) split or division 分裂; 分开: (fig 比喻) a deep cleavage within the ruling party 执政党内部严重的分裂. (b) line along which material such as rock or wood splits （岩石或木等材料的）裂纹.  2 [C, U] (infml 口) hollow between a woman's breasts that can be seen above the low neckline of a dress 乳沟（女子乳房间的凹处, 穿低领连衣裙时所见者）: That new gown shows a large amount of (her) cleavage! 那件新的女长服袒露出（她）大部分乳沟!/kliːv; kliv/ v (pt cleaved / kli:vd; klivd/, clove /klEUv; klov/ or cleft / kleft; klZft/, pp cleaved, cloven / 5klEUvn; `klovEn/ or  cleft)  1 [I] break or split, esp along a natural line 裂开, 分开（尤指沿天然纹理）: This wood cleaves easily. 这种木材容易裂.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] divide (sth) by chopping (with a heavy axe, etc); split （用大斧等）劈开（某物）; 使分开: cleave a block of wood in two 把一块木头劈成两半 * cleave a man's head open with a sword 用剑劈开人头.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ through sth/~ sth (through sth) make a way through (sth) (as if) by cutting （好像）开路般穿过（某物）: The ship's bows cleaved (through) the waves. 轮船破浪前进. * cleave a path through the jungle 在丛林中开出一条路 * (fig 比喻) cleaving one's way/a path through the crowd 从拥挤的人群中穿过.  4 (idm 习语) be (caught) in a cleft `stick be trapped in a situation where it is difficult to decide what to do 陷入进退两难的境地.

/kliːv; kliv/ v (pt cleaved/ kli:vd; klivd/ or  clave/ kleIv; klev/, pp cleaved) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (arch 古) remain attached or faithful to sb/sth 依恋或忠实于某人[某事物]./ˈkliːvə(r); `klivɚ/ n heavy knife with a broad blade used by a butcher for chopping meat （屠夫剁肉用的）宽刃大刀./klef; klɛf/ n (music 音) symbol at the beginning of a stave showing the pitch of the notes 谱号（谱表开始处的符号, 用以表示音符的音高: treble/bass/alto clef 高音[低音/中音]谱号. =>illus at music 见music之插图./kleft; klɛft/ n crack or split occurring naturally (eg in the ground or in rock) （自然形成的）裂缝, 裂口（如地上或岩石中的）.

pt, pp of cleave1.deformed condition in which the roof of a person's mouth is split at birth 唇裂（出生时唇板裂开的畸形）./ˈklemətɪs, also kləˈmeɪtɪs; `klɛmətɪs/ n [U, C] climbing plant with white, purple or pink flowers 铁线莲（攀缘植物, 开白色、紫色或粉红色花）./ˈklemənsɪ; `klɛmənsɪ/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 mildness (esp of weather) 温和（尤指天气）.  2 mercy (esp when punishing sb) 仁慈（尤指惩罚某人时）: He appealed to the judge for clemency. 他乞求法官开恩./ˈklemənt; `klɛmənt/ adj (fml 文)  1 (esp of weather) mild （尤指天气）温和的.  2 showing mercy 仁慈的./ˈkleməntiːn; `klɛmənˌtin/ n type of small orange 小柑橘./klentʃ; klɛntʃ/ v  1 [Tn] close (sth) tightly or press (two things) firmly together 紧闭（某物）; 将（两物）紧压在一起: clench one's fist/jaws/teeth 攥紧拳头[咬紧牙关/咬牙] * a clenched-fist salute 握拳礼.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) grasp or hold sb/sth firmly 抓紧或握紧某人[某物]: clench the railings (with both hands) （双手）紧握栏杆 * money clenched tightly in one's fist 在拳头里攥着的钱./ˈklɪəstɔːrɪ; `klɪrˌstɔrɪ/ n upper part of a wall in a large church, with a row of windows, above the roofs of the aisles 高侧墙（大教堂墙壁的上部, 高于侧廊的屋顶, 有一排高侧窗）./ˈklɜːdʒɪ; `klɝdʒɪ/ n [pl v] people who have been ordained as priests or ministers of esp the Christian Church 神职人员; （尤指基督教的）教士或牧师: All the local clergy attended the ceremony. 当地所有的牧师出席了仪式. * The new proposals affect both clergy and laity. 新的建议与神职人员和俗人都有关系. Cf 参看 laity 1./ˈklɜːdʒɪmən; `klɝdʒɪmən/ n (pl -men/-mEn; -mEn/) priest or minister of the Christian Church, esp the Church of England （基督教的）教士或牧师（尤指英国国教会的）./ˈklerɪk; `klɛrɪk/ n (dated 旧) clergyman 教士; 牧师./ˈklerɪkl; `klɛrɪkl/ adj  1 of, for or made by a clerk(1) or clerks 文书或办事员的: `clerical work 文书的工作 * a ,clerical `error, ie one made in copying or calculating sth 笔误（抄写或计算中的错误）.  2 of or for the clergy 教士的; 牧师的; 神职人员的: a ,clerical `collar, ie one that fastens at the back, worn by clergymen 牧师领（牧师用的颈後系扣的领）./ˈklerɪhjuː; `klɛrɪhju/ n short comic poem, usu consisting of two rhyming couplets with lines of varying length 克莱里休诗体（通常含有两个押韵的幽默对句, 诗句长短不等）./klɑːk; <i>US</i> klɜːrk; klɝk/ n  1 person employed in an office, a shop, etc to keep records, accounts, etc 文书; 办事员; 事务员: a `bank clerk 银行办事员 * a `filing clerk 档案管理员.  2 official in charge of the records of a council, court, etc （议会、法院等的）书记员, 秘书: the Town `Clerk 市政府秘书 * the Clerk to the `Council 议会秘书 * the Clerk of the `Court 法院书记员 * clerk of (the) `works, ie person responsible for materials, etc for building work done by contract 工程管理员.  3 (US) (a) (also `desk clerk) assistant in a hotel 旅馆接待员. (b) assistant in a shop 店员.  4 (arch 古) clergyman 教士; 牧师.

/klɜːrk; klɝk/ v [I] (US) work as a clerk(1), esp in a shop 做办事员; （尤指）做店员./ˈklevə(r); `klɛvɚ/ adj (-er/ 5klevErE(r); `klZvErL/, -est/ 5klevErIst; `klZvErIst/)  1 (a) quick at learning and understanding things; intelligent 敏于学习和理解的; 机灵的; 聪明的; 伶俐的: clever at arithmetic 擅长算术的 * a clever student 聪明的学生 * Clever girl! 伶俐的姑娘! (b) skilful; nimble 熟练的; 灵巧的: be clever with money, a needle, one's hands 擅长理财、针线活儿好、手巧 * be clever at making excuses 善于找藉口 * How clever of you to do that! 你那样做真太聪明了!  2 (of things, ideas, actions, etc); showing intelligence or skill; ingenious （指事物、主意、举动等）表现出聪明或灵巧的; 精巧的: a clever scheme 精明的计划 * a clever little gadget 灵巧的小玩意儿.  3 (infml derog 口, 贬) quick-witted or smart, often in a cheeky way 机敏的, 精明的, 耍小聪明的（常指厚颜无耻的）: Are you trying to be clever? 你想耍心眼儿吗? * He was too clever for (ie He outwitted) us. 他太精明了（我们斗不过）. (infml derog 口, 贬) person who thinks he is always right or knows everything 自以为一贯正确或无所不知的人: She's such a clever Dick. 她是个老正确.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml derog 口, 贬) trying to appear clever 卖弄小聪明.adv. n [U]./kluː; klu/ n  1 (nautical 海) metal loop attached to the lower corner of a sail 帆耳（连在帆下角的金属环）.  2 loop holding the strings of a hammock 吊床上穿绳索的环.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/down) (nautical 海) raise or lower (a sail) 升或降（帆）./ˈkliːʃeɪ; <i>US</i> kliːˈʃeɪ; kli`ʃe/ n (a) [C] phrase or idea which is used so often that it has become stale or meaningless 陈腐的词语或主意; 陈词滥调: a cliche-ridden style 堆砌陈腐词藻的风格. (b) [U] use of such phrases 使用陈词滥调: Cliche is a feature of bad journalism. 使用套语是拙劣的新闻体的特点./klɪk; klɪk/ n short sharp sound (like that of a key turning in a lock) 短而尖的声音（像用钥匙开锁的声音）; 咔嗒声: the click of a switch 开关的　嗒声 * He saluted with a click of his heels. 他立正敬礼, 鞋後跟发出咔嗒一声.

/klɪk; klɪk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] (cause sth to) make a slight sharp sound (as of a key turning in a lock) （使某物）发出轻微尖声（像钥匙在锁中转动的声音）; （使某物）发　嗒声: The door clicked shut. 门　嗒一声关上了. * The new part clicked into place. 新零件　嗒一声就装好了. * a clicking noise 　嗒　嗒的响声 * click one's tongue/heels/fingers 使舌头[鞋後跟/手指]发出　嗒声.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (Brit infml 口) (a) become friendly at once 很快成为好朋友: We met on holiday and just clicked immediately. 我们在假日相识, 一见如故. (b) become popular (with sb) 为（某人）所喜爱: The film has really clicked with young audiences. 这部电影深受年轻观众的喜爱.  3 [I] (infml 口) suddenly become clear or understood 突然明白或理解: I puzzled over it for hours before it finally clicked. 我对这一问题茫然不解, 几小时後终于顿开茅塞./ˈklaɪənt; `klaɪənt/ n  1 person who receives help or advice from a professional person (eg a lawyer, an accountant, a social worker, an architect, etc) （律师、会计师、社会工作者、建筑师等的）委托人, 当事人.  2 customer in a shop （商店的）顾客, 主顾./ˌkliːənˈtel; <i>US</i> ˌklaɪənˈtel; ˌklaɪən`tɛl/ n [Gp, U]  1 customers or clients as a group 顾客, 委托人（总称）: an international clientele 国际顾客.  2 patrons of a theatre, restaurant, etc （剧院、饭馆等的）顾客./klɪf; klɪf/ n steep, usu high, face of rock, esp at the edge of the sea 峭壁, 悬崖（尤指在海边的）. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图.n story or contest whose outcome is uncertain till the end （到终局时才见分晓的）故事或比赛. adj./klaɪˈmæktərɪk; klaɪ`mæktərɪk/ n period of life when physical powers begin to decline, eg (for women) the menopause 更年期（如妇女绝经期）./klaɪˈmæktɪk; klaɪ`mæktɪk/ adj forming a climax 形成高潮的./ˈklaɪmɪt; `klaɪmɪt/ n  1 (a) regular pattern of weather conditions (temperature, rainfall, winds, etc) of a particular region 气候: Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和. (b) area or region with certain weather conditions 有某种天气情况的地区: She moved to a warmer climate. 她迁往气候较温暖的地方.  2 general attitude or feeling; atmosphere 一般的态度或感觉; 风气; 思潮; 倾向: a climate of suspicion 怀疑的风气 * the present political climate 当前的政治气候 * the current climate of opinion, ie the general or fashionable attitude to an aspect of life, policy, etc 目前的舆论气氛（对生活、政策等方面）.  3 (idm 习语) a change of air/climate => change2./klaɪˈmætɪk; klaɪ`mætɪk/ adj of climate 气候的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌklaɪməˈtɒlədʒɪ; ˌklaɪmə`tɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] science or study of climate 气候学./ˈklaɪmæks; `klaɪmæks/ n  1 (a) most interesting or significant event or point in time; culmination 顶点, 极点, 高潮（最有趣或最有意义的事件或时刻）: the climax of his political career 在他政治生涯中的顶点 * The climax of the celebration was a firework display. 庆祝会的高潮是燃放烟火. (b) most intense part (esp of a play, piece of music, etc) 最紧张激烈的部分; （尤指戏剧, 乐曲等的）高潮: The music approached a climax. 乐曲接近高潮. * His intervention brought their quarrel to a climax. 他一干预使他们的口角达到最激烈程度.  2 peak of sexual pleasure; orgasm 性高潮.

v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in/with sth) bring (sth) to or come to a climax(1a) 使（某事物）达到顶点, 极点, 高潮: Her career climaxed in the award of an Oscar. 她荣获奥斯卡金像奖是她事业的顶峰.  2 [I] reach the peak of sexual pleasure 达到性高潮./klaɪm; klaɪm/ v  1 (a) [Tn] go up or over (sth) by effort, esp using one's hands and feet 攀登, 攀爬, 爬上, 爬过（某物）: climb a wall, a mountain, a tree, a rope, the stairs 爬墙、山、树、绳、楼梯 * The car slowly climbed the hill. 汽车缓慢地爬上山坡. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] go or come in the specified direction, esp upwards, by effort 攀爬: climb up/down a ladder, along a ridge, into a car, out of bed, over a gate, through a hedge, etc 爬上[下]梯子、爬越山岭、爬进汽车、爬下床、爬越大门、爬过篱笆 * climb into/out of one's clothes, ie get dressed/undressed 穿上[脱下]衣服 * This is where we start climbing, ie upwards. 这就是我们向上爬的地方. * Monkeys can climb well. 猴子善于攀爬.  2 [I] (a) go up mountains, etc as a sport 登山（运动）: He likes to go climbing at weekends. 他喜欢在周末做登山运动. (b) (of aircraft, the sun, etc) go higher in the sky （指飞机、太阳等）上升: The plane climbed to 20000 feet. 飞机上升到20000英尺. (c) slope upwards 倾斜向上: The road climbs steeply for several miles. 这条路有几英里向上倾斜得很陡. (d) (of plants) grow up a wall or some other support by clinging or twining （指植物）缘墙或其他支撑物向上生长: a climbing rose 攀缘而上的玫瑰.  3 [I] rise in social rank, etc by one's own effort （靠自己努力）提高社会地位等.  4 [I] (of currency, temperature, etc) increase in value, etc （指货币）增值; （指温度等）上升: The dollar has been climbing steadily all week. 整个星期美元一直在稳步增值.  5 (idm 习语) climb/jump on the bandwagon => bandwagon (band).  6 (phr v) climb down (over sth) (infml 口) admit a mistake or withdraw from a position in an argument, etc （在辩论等中）认错, 让步: As new facts became known, the Government was forced to climb down over its handling of the spy scandal. 新的事实已众所周知, 政府被迫承认处理间谍丑事失当.

1 act or instance of climbing 攀登: an exhausting climb 令人筋疲力尽的攀登 * a rapid climb to stardom 很快爬上明星地位.  2 place or distance (to be) climbed 要攀登到的地方或距离: It's an hour's climb to the summit. 到顶峰有一小时的攀登路程.n act of admitting one was mistaken, etc 认错; 让步; 屈服.n  1 person who climbs (esp mountains) 攀登的人; （尤指）登山者.  2 (infml 口) person who tries to improve his status in society 尽力改善自己社会地位的人: a social climber 社会上向上爬的人.  3 climbing plant 攀缘植物. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.n structure of joined bars, etc for children to climb （儿童玩的）攀爬架./klaɪm; klaɪm/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (arch or joc 古或谑) country; climate(1b) 地区; 气候: seeking summer climes 去找有夏季的地方./klɪntʃ; klɪntʃ/ v  1 [Tn] fix (a nail or rivet) firmly in place by hammering sideways the end that sticks out 敲弯（穿出的钉尖）使之牢固.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) confirm or settle (sth) finally 最终确定或解决（某事物）: clinch a deal/an argument/a bargain 成交[解决争端/谈妥买卖].  3 [I] (esp of boxers) hold each other tightly with the arms （尤指拳击手）互相扭抱: The boxers clinched and the referee had to separate them. 拳击手扭抱在一起, 裁判让他们分开. * (infml 口) The scene ended as the lovers clinched. 这一幕结束时, 情人相互拥抱在一起.

n (a) (in boxing) act or instance of clinching (clinch 3) （拳击中）扭抱: get into a clinch 扭抱在一起 * break a clinch 将扭抱的拳击手分开. (b) (infml 口) embrace 拥抱.n (infml 口) point or remark that settles an argument, etc 起决定性作用的论点或言语./klaɪn; klaɪn/ n (biology 生) graded sequence of differences; continuum 生态群; 群体连续体./klɪŋ; klɪŋ/ v (pt, pp clung/ klQN; klQN/)  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) to sb/sth; ~ on; ~ together hold on tightly to sb/sth 紧抓住或抱住某人[某物]: survivors clinging to a raft 紧抓住木筏的生还者 * They clung to each other/clung together as they said goodbye. 他们告别时, 紧紧地拥抱在一起. * Cling on tight! 抓紧!  2 [Ipr] ~ (on) to sth be unwilling to abandon sth; refuse to give sth up 舍不得放弃某事物; 拒绝放弃某事物: cling to a belief, an opinion, a theory, etc 坚持一种信仰、意见、理论等 * cling to one's possessions 舍不得放弃财物 * She clung to the hope that he was still alive. 她始终抱着一个希望, 就是他仍活着.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) become attached to sth; stick to sth 附着于某物: The smell of smoke clings (to one's clothes) for a long time. 烟味长久附着（在衣服上）不散. * a dress that clings to (ie fits closely so as to show the shape of) the body 紧贴身体（显出体形）的连衣裙.  4 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth stay close to sb/sth 紧靠着某人[某物]: The ship clung to the coastline. 船紧靠着海岸线. * Don't cling to the kerb when you're driving. 不要紧贴路边开车.  5 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (esp derog 尤作贬义) be emotionally dependent on sb; stay too close to sb 感情上依靠某人; 太接近某人; 依恋: Small children cling to their mothers. 小孩子都缠着母亲.  6 (idm 习语) cling/stick to sb like a leech => leech.thin transparent plastic film used for wrapping food, etc 保鲜纸, 保鲜膜（用以包裹食品等的透明塑料薄膜）. Cf 参看 shrink-wrap (shrink).adj  1 (of clothes) sticking to the body and showing its shape （指衣服）紧身显出体形的.  2 emotionally dependent 感情上依附他人的: a clinging boyfriend 缠绵不已的男朋友.adj (infml 口): a shy, clingy child 腼腆、依附他人的孩子./ˈklɪnɪk; `klɪnɪk/ n  1 private or specialized hospital （私人的）诊所; 专科医院: He is being treated at a private clinic. 他正在私人诊所接受治疗.  2 place or session at which specialized medical treatment or advice is given to visiting patients （门诊治疗的）部、科、室或过程: a dental, diabetic, fracture, etc clinic 牙科、糖尿病科、骨科 * She is attending the antenatal clinic. 她正接受产前检查.  3 occasion in a hospital when students learn by watching how a specialist examines and treats his patients 临床见习./ˈklɪnɪkl; `klɪnɪkl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illnesses 临床的; 有关临床的: clinical medicine 临床医学 * clinical training, ie the part of a doctor's training done in a hospital 临床实习.  2 coldly objective; unfeeling 冷静客观的; 无感情的: He watched her suffering with clinical detachment. 他冷静客观地看着她遭受的痛苦.  3 (of a room, building, etc) very plain; undecorated （指房间、建筑物等）非常简朴的; 不装饰的: the clinical style of some modern architecture 某些现代建筑的朴实风格. > clinically adv: clinically dead, ie judged to be dead from the condition of the body 临床死亡的（从身体的情况判断为死亡）.instrument for measuring the temperature of the human body 体温计; 体温表./klɪŋk; klɪŋk/ n sharp ringing sound (as) of small pieces of metal or glass knocking together （好像）（小块金属或玻璃相撞的）叮当声: the clink of coins, keys, glasses 硬币、钥匙、玻璃杯相碰的叮当声.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发叮当声: coins clinking in his pocket 在他衣袋里叮当作响的硬币 * They clinked glasses and drank each other's health. 他们碰杯互祝健康.

/klɪŋk; klɪŋk/ n [sing] (sl 俚) prison 监狱; 牢房: be (put) in (the) clink （送去）坐牢./ˈklɪŋkə(r); `klɪŋkɚ/ n [U] rough stony material left in a furnace, etc after coal has burnt （熔炉等内的）熔渣, 渣块, 煤渣./ˈklɪŋkə bɪlt; `klɪŋkɚˌbɪlt/ adj (of a boat) made with the outside planks or metal plates overlapping downwards （指船）瓦叠式外壳的, 鱼鳞式外壳的./klɪp; klɪp/ n [C]  1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any of various wire or metal devices used for holding things together （金属制的）夹子; 别针; 曲别针: a `paper-clip * a `hair-clip * `bicycle-clips.  2 (also `cartridge clip) set of cartridges in a metal holder that is placed in a rifle, etc for firing 子弹夹.  3 piece of jewellery fastened to clothes by a clip 饰物别针（用别针别在衣服上的珠宝饰物）: a diamond `clip 钻石别针.

v (-pp-) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (on) to sth; ~ (sth) on; ~ (A and B) together be fastened or fasten (sth) to sth else with a clip 用别针别在某物上; 用夹子夹在某物上: Do you clip those ear-rings on/Do those ear-rings clip on? 你的[这种]耳环是夹上去的吗? * There was a cheque clipped to the back of the letter. 在信背面夹着一张支票. * clip documents together 把文件夹在一起.

/klɪp; klɪp/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.a] cut (sth) with scissors or shears, esp in order to shorten it; trim （用剪刀）剪（某物）; （尤指）剪短; 修剪: clip a hedge, one's finger-nails 修剪树篱、指甲 * clip a sheep, ie cut off its hair for wool 剪羊毛 * The dog's fur was clipped short for the show. 为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了.  2 [Tn] make a hole in (a bus or train ticket) to show that it has been used （在公共汽车票或火车票上）剪孔; 剪（票）.  3 [Tn] omit (parts of words) when speaking （说话时）省略（部分话）; 删节: a clipped accent 缩略的语音 * He clipped his words when speaking. 他说话时把词语缩短了.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) hit (sb/sth) sharply 猛击（某人[某物]）: clip sb's ear/clip sb on the ear 打某人耳光.  5 (idm 习语) clip sb's `wings prevent sb from being active or from doing what he is ambitious to do 阻止某人活动; 扼杀某人雄心: Having a new baby to look after has clipped her wings a bit. 她有个新生婴儿要照看, 活动难免受些限制.  6 (phr v) clip sth out of sth remove sth from sth else with scissors, etc 从某物上剪掉另一物: clip an article out of the newspaper 从报纸上剪下一篇文章.

n  1 act of clipping 剪; 修剪.  2 amount of wool cut from a (flock of) sheep at one time 一次从（一群羊）身上剪下的羊毛量.  3 (infml 口) sharp blow 猛打: She gave him a clip round the ear. 她打了他一记耳光.  4 short extract from a film 电影的片段.  5 (idm 习语) at a fair, good, etc `clip (infml 口) at a fast speed 快速地: The old car was travelling at quite a clip. 那辆旧汽车开得相当快.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare clip, pare, prune, trim and shave.  试比较clip、pare、prune、trim、shave这几个词. These verbs refer to cutting off an unwanted part to make an object smaller, tidier, etc. 这些动词均指剪切掉不需要的部分使物体更小、更整齐些等. Note that with all except pare the direct object can be either (a) the main body that is made smaller, smoother, etc or (b) the part that is cut off. 注意除pare外, 其他各词的直接宾语可为（a）被剪小或剪整齐等的主体, 或为（b）所剪切掉的部分. Shave is generally used of hair on the body *shave一般用于身体上的毛发: (a) Monks shave their heads. 和尚都剃头. (b) She shaved the hairs off her legs. 她刮掉了腿上的寒毛. We trim something to make it tidy *trim某物是为使之整齐: (a) trim one's beard, a hedge 修剪胡须、树篱. (b) She trimmed the loose threads from her skirt. 她把裙子上的线头剪掉了. Clip can relate to cutting off an unwanted part or to removing a part in order to keep it *clip可指剪掉不需要的部分, 也可指剪下要保留的部分: (a) Have you finished clipping the hedge? 你把树篱剪完了吗? (b) I want to clip that picture from the magazine. 我要把杂志上的那张照片剪下来. We prune plants to make them grow stronger 我们修剪（prune）植物使之生长得更壮: (a) The roses need pruning. 玫瑰需要修剪了. (b) I've pruned all the dead branches off the tree. 我已经把树上的枯枝都剪掉了. Pare indicates removing the outer layer or edge of something *pare指除掉某物的外层或边缘: She pared the apple with a sharp knife. 她用快刀削苹果./ˈklɪp klɒp; ˌklɪp `klɑp/ n sound (like that) of horses' hoofs on a hard surface （像）马蹄在硬路面上发出的声音; 咔咔声.n (sl 俚) place of entertainment, esp a night-club, that overcharges its customers 向顾客索价过高的娱乐场所（尤指夜总会）.n (usu pl 通常作复数), adj [attrib 作定语] (object) that is fastened to sth with a clip 夹式的（用夹子夹在某物上的）（物体）: Are your ear-rings clip-ons? 你的耳环是夹式的吗? * a clip-on bow-tie 夹式蝶形领结.n portable board with a clip at the top for holding papers 带夹子的写字板./ˈklɪpə(r); `klɪpɚ/ n  1 clippers [pl] instrument for clipping nails, hair, hedges, etc 剪指甲、毛发、树篱等的工具; 剪刀; 指甲刀; 推子; 羊毛剪: (a pair of) nailclippers （一把）指甲剪. =>illus 见插图.  2 fast sailing-ship快速帆船.n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) piece cut off 剪下的一块: hair, nail, hedge clippings 剪下的头发、指甲、篱笆.  2 (esp US) = cutting1 1./kliːk; klik/ n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) small group of people, often with shared interests, who associate closely and exclude others from their group 小集团; 派系; 朋党: The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals. 这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持着.adj (derog 贬) (a) (of people) tending to form a clique （指人）有结成小集团倾向的. (b) dominated by a clique or cliques 被小集团所把持的: Our department is very cliquy. 我们的部门由小集团把持着./ˈklɪtərəl; `klɪt-ərəl/ adj./ˈklɪtərɪs; `klɪtərɪs/ n small part of the female genitals which becomes larger when the female is sexually excited 阴蒂; 阴核. abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Councillor: Cllr Michael Booth 迈克尔布思议员./kləʊk; klok/ n  1 [C] sleeveless outer garment hanging loosely from the shoulders, usu worn out of doors 斗篷; 披风. =>illus 见插图.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing that hides or covers 隐藏或掩盖的事物: They left under (the) cloak of darkness. 他们在黑暗的遮掩下离开了. * The spy's activities were concealed by the cloak of diplomacy. 间谍的活动是在外交的掩护下暗中进行的.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (usu fig 通常作比喻) cover or hide (as if) with a cloak （好像）用斗篷掩盖或隐藏: The negotiations were cloaked in secrecy. 谈判是秘密进行的.adj [attrib 作定语] (of a story, film, etc) involving intrigue and espionage （指故事、电影等）有阴谋和间谍活动内容的./ˈkləʊkrʊm; `klokˌrᴜm/ n  1 room (usu in a public building) where coats, hats, etc may be left for a time 衣帽间（通常设于公共场所内）.  2 (Brit euph 婉) lavatory 厕所: the ladies' cloakroom 女厕所./ˈklɒbə(r); `klɑbɚ/ v [Tn] (infml 口)  1 strike (sb) heavily and repeatedly 连续重击（某人）: (fig 比喻) The police intend to clobber drunk drivers, ie punish them severely. 警方拟持续不断地严惩醉酒驾驶者. * The new tax laws will clobber small businesses, ie harm them financially. 新税法对小型企业, 将是一连串的打击.  2 defeat (sb/sth) completely 彻底挫败（某人[某事物]）: Our team got clobbered on Saturday. 我们队星期六一败涂地.  3 criticize (sb/sth) severely 狠狠地批评（某人[某事物]）.

/ˈklɒbə(r); `klɑbɚ/ n [U] (Brit infml 口) clothing or equipment (esp for a specific activity) 服装或设备（尤指为某特定活动的）: You should see the clobber he takes when he goes climbing! 你真该看看他去登山时带的服装和设备!/klɒʃ; kloʃ/ n  1 portable glass or plastic cover used to protect outdoor plants （保护室外植物的）轻便玻璃罩, 塑料罩.  2 woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat （紧套于头上的）钟形女帽./klɒk; klɑk/ n  1 instrument for measuring and showing time (not carried or worn like a watch) 时钟.  2 (infml 口) instrument (eg a taxi meter or a milometer) for measuring and recording things other than time 计量和记录仪器（如计程车计费表或里程表）: a second-hand car with 20000 miles on the clock 里程表上显示已行驶20000英里的二手车.  3 (idm 习语) around/round the `clock all day and all night 整天整夜; 夜以继日: Surgeons are working round the clock to save his life. 外科医生们正在日夜工作以抢救他的生命. * [attrib 作定语] Doctors must provide a round-the-clock service. 必须昼夜不停地有医生应诊. beat the clock => beat1. put the `clock back return to a past age or to old-fashioned ideas, laws, customs, etc 开倒车; 倒行逆施: The new censorship law will put the clock back (by) 50 years. 新的审查条例是开倒车, 要退回到50年前的水平. put the clock/clocks forward/back (in countries which have official summer time) change the time, usu by one hour, at the beginning/end of summer （夏时制）将时钟拨快[拨回]（通常为一小时）: Remember to put your clocks back (one hour) tonight. 记住今天晚上把钟拨回（一小时）. watch the clock => watch2. ,work against the `clock work fast in order to finish a task before a certain time （为在某一时间完成任务）加快工作; 抢时间做.game in which players putt a golf-ball into a hole from points in a circle round it 钟面式高尔夫球戏.tall structure, usu forming part of a building, with a clock at the top 钟楼.n part of a clock that shows the time, usu marked with numbers 钟面.n worker who is always checking the time to know when he may stop working 总看钟点等候下班的工作人员. n [U].adv, adj moving in a curve in the same direction as the hands of a clock 顺时针方向（的）: turn the key clockwise/in a clockwise direction 顺时针方向转动钥匙. Cf 参看 anticlockwise./ˈklɒkwɜːk; `klɑkˌwɝk/ n [U]  1 mechanism with wheels and springs, like that of a clock （有似时钟的齿轮和发条的）机械: [attrib 作定语] a clockwork toy, ie one driven by clockwork 机械玩具 * with clockwork (ie absolute) precision 极精确 * as regular as clockwork, ie very punctual 总是非常准时.  2 (idm 习语) like `clockwork with perfect regularity and precision; smoothly 极有规律性和准确性地; 顺利地; 精确地: The operation went like clockwork. 手术进行得极为顺利./klɒd; klɑd/ n lump of earth or clay 土块; 泥块./ˈklɒdhɒpə(r); klɑdˌhɑpɚ/ n (infml 口)  1 (derog 贬) clumsy person 笨蛋.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (joc 谑) large heavy shoe 大而重的鞋./klɒg; klɑˇ/ n shoe made entirely of wood or with a wooden sole 全木制的或有木底的鞋; 木屐.

/klɒg; klɑˇ/ v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) become blocked with thick or sticky material （稠的或黏的材料）阻塞, 塞住: The pipes are clogging up. 管子渐渐被堵塞. * a drain clogged up with dead leaves 枯叶堵住的排水道 * pores clogged with dirt 被脏物堵塞的毛孔 * That heavy oil will clog up the machinery, ie prevent it from working properly. 这种重油会妨碍机器的运转. * (fig 比喻) Don't clog (up) your memory with useless facts. 别满脑子装着那些没用的事.n dance performed by people wearing clogs 木屐舞./ˈklɔɪstə(r); `klɔɪstɚ/ n  1 [C, often pl 常作复数] covered passage around an open court or quadrangle, with a wall on the outer side and columns or arches on the inner side, esp within a convent or college, or attached to a cathedral 回廊.  2 (a) [C] convent or monastery 修道院. (b) [sing] life in a convent or monastery 修道院的生活: the calm of the cloister 修道院的幽静.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ oneself/sb (away) shut oneself/sb away (as if) in a cloister 使自己[某人]与世隔绝（像在修道院内）: He cloistered himself away with his books. 他只顾埋头读书. cloistered adj secluded; sheltered 隐居的; 隐匿的: a cloistered life 隐居的生活./kləʊn; klon/ n  1 (biology 生) (any of a) group of plants or organisms produced asexually from one ancestor 无性繁殖系（的个体）.  2 (computing 计) computer designed to copy the functions of another (usu more expensive) model 仿制的计算机（通常指仿制较贵的）: an IBM clone  仿IBM型号的计算机.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) grow as a clone （使某物）无性繁殖./kləʊs; klos/ adj (-r, -st)  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (together) near in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近: This station is our closest, ie the nearest one to our home. 这个站离我们最近. * The church is close to the school. 教堂离学校很近. * The two buildings are close together. 这两座建筑物距离很近. * The children are close to each other in age. 孩子们彼此的年龄很接近. * Their birthdays are very close together. 他们的生日紧挨着.  2 (a) near in relationship 关系很近的: a close relative 近亲. (b) ~ (to sb) intimate; dear 亲近的; 亲密的: a close friend 密友 * She is very close to her father/She and her father are very close. 她和父亲的关系很亲密.  3 to a high degree 高度的; 极度的: in close proximity, ie almost touching 极为接近 * There's a close resemblance/similarity, ie They are very alike. 有极为相像[相似]之处.  4 with little or no space between; dense; compact 中间无空隙的; 浓缩的; 挤紧的: material with a close texture 质地紧密的材料 * The soldiers advanced in close formation. 士兵排成密集队形前进.  5 (of a competition, game, etc) in which the competitors are almost equal （指竞赛、游戏等）参赛者几乎平手的, 势均力敌的, 棋逢对手的, 旗鼓相当的, 难分高下的: a close contest, match, election, etc 势均力敌的竞赛、比赛、选举等 * a close finish 几乎平手的结局 * The game was closer than the score suggests. 实际的比赛与所得的分数相比更难分高下.  6 [attrib 作定语] careful; thorough; detailed 仔细的; 彻底的; 详细的: On closer examination the painting proved to be a fake. 再经仔细观察, 证实那幅画是膺品. * pay close attention to sth 密切关注（某事物） * close reasoning, ie showing each step clearly 严谨的推理（把每一步骤都表示清楚） * a close (ie exact) translation 紧扣原文的翻译（准确的）.  7 [attrib 作定语] strict; rigorous 严格的; 严厉的: in close confinement 被严密监禁 * be (kept) under close arrest, ie carefully guarded 被严密拘禁（戒备森严） * keep sth a close secret 对某事物严守秘密.  8 (a) (of the weather) humid; oppressive; heavy （指天气）潮湿的, 闷热的, 沉闷的: It's very close and thundery today. 今天天气阴沉有雷. (b) (of a room) without fresh air; stuffy （指房间）没有新鲜空气的, 不通气的: a close atmosphere 窒闷的空气 * Open a window  it's very close in here. 打开窗户吧--这里很闷气.  9 (phonetics 语音) (of vowels) pronounced with the tongue raised close to the roof of the mouth （指元音）闭塞音的（发音时将舌抬起接近上　）: The English vowels/ i:/ and/ u:/ are close. 英语元音中的/ i:/和/u:/是闭元音.  10 [pred 作表语] secretive; reticent 遮遮掩掩; 沉默寡言: be close about sth 对某事物守口如瓶.  11 [pred 作表语] mean; stingy 吝啬; 小气: He's very close with his money. 他用钱很吝啬.  12 near to the surface; very short 离表面很近的; 很短的: A new razor gives a close shave. 新刀片刮得很乾净.  13 (idm 习语) at ,close `quarters very near 非常近的: fighting at close quarters 近战. a ,close `call (infml 口) almost an accident, a disaster or a failure 几乎造成事故、灾难或失败: We didn't actually hit the other car, but it was a close call. 我们倒并未撞上那辆汽车, 可险些出了事. a ,close `shave situation in which one only just manages to escape an accident, a disaster, etc 勉强脱离危险、灾难等; 死里逃生; 九死一生. a close/near thing => thing. close to/near the bone => bone. close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. close/near to home => home1. hold/keep one's cards close to one's chest => card1. keep a close `eye/`watch on sb/sth watch sb/sth carefully 密切注视某人[某事物]. keep/lie `close stay hidden; not show oneself 躲藏; 不露面: He decided to lie close for a while. 他决定躲一躲.

/kləʊs; klos/ adv  1 leaving little space between; in a close position 中间无空隙地; 位置接近地: They live quite close. 他们住得很近. * hold sb close, ie embrace sb tightly 紧紧地拥抱某人 * follow close behind sb 紧跟在某人背後 * She stood close (up) against the wall. 她紧靠着墙站着.  2 (idm 习语) close `by (sb/sth) at a short distance (from sb/sth) 离（某人[某事物]）不远. close on almost; nearly 几乎; 差不多: She is ,close on `sixty. 她接近六十岁了. * It's ,close on `midnight. 已近午夜了. close up (to sb/sth) very near in space to sb/sth 离（某人[某事物]）很近: She snuggled close up to him. 她紧紧地挨着他. run sb/sth `close be nearly as good, fast, successful, etc as sb/sth else 接近某人[某事物]那样好、快、成功等: We run our competitors close for price and quality. 在价格和质量上, 我们差不多都赶上我们的竞争对手了. sail close/near to the wind => sail.

/kləʊs; klos/ n  1 (esp in street names 尤用于街道名称) street closed off at one end; cul-de-sac 一头不通的街道; 死巷; 死胡同: Brookside Close 布鲁克赛德巷.  2 grounds and buildings surrounding and belonging to a cathedral, an abbey, etc （大教堂、寺院等的）周围的场地和建筑物.

/kləʊz; kloz/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move so as to cover an opening; shut （使某物）关, 闭: The door closed quietly. 门轻轻地关上了. * This box/The lid of this box doesn't close properly, ie The lid doesn't fit. 盒子[盒子的盖]盖不严. * close a door, a window, the curtains, etc 关门、关窗户、拉上帘子 * If you close your eyes, you can't see anything. 若闭上眼睛, 那就什么都看不见了.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) be or declare sth to be not open 不开; 关闭某事物: The shops close (ie stop trading) at 5.30. 商店5时30分关闭（停止营业）. * Wednesday is early-`closing day, ie the day when the shops are not open in the afternoon. 星期三提早关门（该日商店下午不开门）. * The theatres have closed for the summer. 戏院现已歇夏. * The museum is closed (to visitors) on Sundays. 星期日博物馆（对参观者）不开放. * This road is closed to motor vehicles. 这条路机动车不准通行.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）终止: The closing (ie last) day/date for applications is 1 May. 申请的截止日[日期]是5月1日. * The speaker closed (the meeting) with a word of thanks to the chairman. 演讲者向主席道了谢, （会议）就结束了. * As far as I am concerned the matter is closed, ie will not be discussed further. 对我来说, 事情已了结. * Steel shares closed at 15, ie This was their value at the end of the day's business on the Stock Exchange. 钢铁股票收盘价为15英镑. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller or narrower （使某物）变小或变窄: The gap between the two runners is beginning to close, ie One runner is catching the other up. 两个赛跑者的差距开始缩短.  5 (idm 习语) a closed `book (to sb) subject about which one knows nothing 自己一无所知的科目: Nuclear physics is a closed book to most of us. 我们大多数人对原子核物理学一窍不通. be,hind closed `doors without the public being allowed to attend; in private 不准公众旁听的; 秘密的: The meeting was held behind closed doors. 会议秘密进行. close a `deal (with sb) agree to the terms of a business agreement 同意交易协定的条款; 成交. close one's `eyes to sth ignore sth 不理会某事物; 视而不见; 熟视无睹: The Government seems to be closing its eyes to the plight of the unemployed. 政府似乎对失业者的困境熟视无睹. close one's `mind to sth be unwilling to think about sth seriously 不愿认真思考某事物; 拒不考虑某事物. close (the/one's) `ranks (a) (of soldiers) come closer together in a line or lines （指士兵）排紧, 列队靠拢. (b) (of members of a group) forget disagreements and unite in order to protect or defend common interests （指团体中的成员）求同存异, 团结一致保卫或捍卫共同利益: In times of crisis party members should close ranks. 在紧要关头, 党员应该团结起来. shut/close one's eyes to sth => eye1. with one's eyes shut/closed => eye1.  6 (phr v) close around/round/over sb/sth surround and enclose or grip sb/sth 围住并包围或钳制某人[某事物]: His hand closed over the money. 他手中紧握着钱. * She felt his arms close tightly around her. 她觉得他把她搂得很紧.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Generally, close means the same as shut and is more formal *close通常与shut的意思相同, 但较庄重: Shut/Close the door! 把门关上! *  The box won't shut/close. 这个盒子关不上. When referring to the opening hours of public places, both shut and close are used 指公众场所的开放或营业时间时, 用shut和close均可: Shops/Offices shut/close at 5.30. 商店[办事处]5点30分停止营业[办公]. Note closed in the following example 注意以下例句中要用 closed: Museums are closed to the public on Mondays. 博物馆每逢星期一闭馆. Close can mean `terminate' and `make smaller' *close可意为｀终止＇和｀使更小＇: The meeting was closed after the demonstrators interrupted it. 会议遭示威者干扰而结束. *  Some politicians aim at closing the gap between rich and poor. 有些政治家的奋斗目标在于缩小贫富的差距. It is also used of roads, railways, etc 这个词还可用于街道、公路、铁路等: They've closed the road because of an accident. 这条路因发生事故而被封闭. Lock means to close a door, box, suitcase, etc and fasten it with a lock and key. *lock意为把门、盒子、箱子等关上, 再用锁（和钥匙）锁上.

/kləʊz; kloz/ n [sing]  1 end of a period of time or an activity （一段时间或一活动的）终结, 结束, 末尾: at the close of the day 在黄昏时候 * towards the close of the 17th century 将近17世纪末叶 * The day had reached its close. 天已黑了. * at close of play, ie at the end of the day's play in a cricket match 当天在板球比赛结束的时候.  2 (idm 习语) bring sth/come/draw to a `close end or conclude sth 结束某事物: The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem. 典礼在国歌的歌声中结束.(of a radio or television station) stop broadcasting （指无线电台或电视台）停止广播: It is midnight and we are now closing down. 时间已到午夜, 本台现在停止广播. close (sth) down (cause sth to) stop functioning or operating; shut (sth) down permanently （使）停止运转或操作; 永久关闭; 倒闭: Many businesses have closed down because of the recession. 因经济衰退许多企业纷纷倒闭.(of days) gradually become shorter （指白天）渐渐变短: The days are closing in now that autumn is here. 秋天来到了, 白天渐渐短了. close in (on sb/sth) (a) come nearer and attack from several directions 从四面八方逼近并攻击: The enemy is closing in (on us). 敌人从四面八方（向我们）逼近. (b) surround or envelop sb/sth 围绕或笼罩某人[某事物]: Darkness was gradually closing in. 暮色渐渐降临.time of the year when it is illegal to kill certain animals, birds and fish because they are breeding 禁猎期.(of a wound) heal （指伤口）愈合: The cut took a long time to close up. 伤口经过很长时间才愈合. close (sth) up (a) come or bring (sth) closer together 使靠紧、靠近或靠拢: The sergeant-major ordered the men to close up. 军士长命令士兵靠拢. (b) shut (sth), esp temporarily （尤指暂时）关闭（某事物）: Sorry, madam, we're closing up for lunch. 很抱歉, 小姐, 我们现在要关门吃午饭. * He closes the shop up at 5.30. 他在5点30分停止营业.(a) accept an offer made by sb 接受或同意某人提出的条件. (b) (dated 旧) (of soldiers) come together and start fighting （指士兵）短兵相接: close with the enemy 与敌人短兵相接. close with sth accept (an offer) 接受或同意（提出的条件）.adj (of hair, grass, etc) cut very short （指毛、发、草等）剪得很短的.n act of closing (sth) down 关闭（某物）.adj (of clothes) fitting close to the body （指衣物）紧身的.(of wood) in which the lines formed by growth are close together （指木材）纹理细密的.adj (nautical 海) (of a sailing-ship) with the sails set for sailing as nearly as possible in the direction from which the wind is blowing （指帆船）迎风航行的.adj (of a group of people) bound together by shared beliefs, interests, etc （指集体）（为共同的信念、利益等）结合在一起的: the ,close-knit com`munity of a small village 小村庄中关系密切的村民.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a race, competition, etc) won by a very small margin （指竞赛、竞争等）险胜: The election was a ,close-run `thing. 这次竞选仅获险胜.adj situated very close together 位置靠近的: ,close-set `eyes, `teeth 相距很近的双眼、长得很密的牙齿.n [C, U] photograph or film taken very close to sb/sth and giving a detailed view of him/it （照片或电影的）特写; 特写镜头: a close-up of a human eye 人的一只眼睛的特写 * a television scene filmed in close-up 以特写镜头拍摄的电视画面./kləʊzd; klozd/ adj  1 (a) not communicating with or influenced by others; self-contained 不与他人来往的; 不受他人影响的; 有自治力的; 封闭的: a closed society, economy 闭关自守的社会、经济. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] limited to certain people; exclusive 只限于某些人的; 不随便吸收新成员的: a closed membership 限定的成员资格 * a closed scholarship 限于部分人的奖学金.  2 unwilling to accept new ideas 不愿接受新思想的: He has a closed mind. 他思想闭塞僵化.(esp US) = close season (close1).factory, business, etc whose employees must be members of a specified trade union （只雇用工会会员的）工厂、企业等: [attrib 作定语] a closed-shop agreement 只雇用工会会员的劳资协议.television system in which signals are transmitted by wires to a limited number of receivers 闭路电视.adv in a close manner 接近地; 紧密地; 严密地; 密切地: listen closely, ie carefully 仔细地听 * follow an argument closely 密切注意一议论的进行 * a closely contested election 旗鼓相当的竞选 * She closely resembles her mother. 她非常像她母亲. * The two events are closely connected. 这两件事有密切的联系.n [U]./ˈklɒzɪt; `klɑzɪt/ n  1 (esp US) cupboard or small room for storing things （储存物品的）柜橱或小房间.  2 (arch 古) small room for private meetings 私人的小议事室.

adj [attrib 作定语] secret 秘密的: I never knew he was a closet queen, ie homosexual. 我从来不知道他暗地里搞同性恋. * I suspect he's a closet fascist. 我怀疑他是地下法西斯分子.

v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A with B shut sb away in a room for a private meeting 把某人关在房间里作私人会晤: He was closeted with the manager/He and the manager were closeted together for three hours. 他与经理在密室会谈[他们在密室里一起商谈了三个小时].(usu pl 通常作复数) price of a share at the end of a day's business on the Stock Exchange 收市价格（证券交易所中当日某股票收盘时的价格）.n time when a shop, public house, etc ends business for the day （商店、酒馆等的）停止营业时间./ˈkləʊʒə(r); `kloʒɚ/ n [C, U]  1 closing or being closed 关闭; 终止; 结束: pit closures, eg closing of coal-mines because they are uneconomic 矿山关闭（如因不经济而关闭煤矿） * The threat of closure affected the workers' morale. 工厂行将倒闭一事影响着工人的士气.  2 (US cloture) (in a parliament or other legislative body) method of ending a debate by taking a vote （国会或其他立法议会中的）藉投票表决以终止辩论的方法: move the closure 提议以投票表决终止辩论 * apply the closure to a debate 以投票表决终止辩论. Cf 参看 guillotine 3./klɒt; klɑt/ n  1 half-solid lump formed from a liquid, eg from blood when it is exposed to the air （液体结成的）凝块（如血块）: blood clots 血块.  2 (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) stupid person; fool 笨蛋; 傻瓜: You silly clot! 你这个大笨蛋!

v (-tt-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form clots （使某物）凝固: A haemophiliac's blood will not clot properly. 血友病患者的血液凝固不良./klɒθ; <i>US</i> klɔːθ; klɔθ/ n (pl ~s/ klCWs; ?@ klR:Tz; klRTz/)  1 [U] material made by weaving cotton, wool, silk, etc （棉、毛、丝等织的）料子, 布料, 毛料, 丝绸: enough cloth to make a suit 够做一身衣服的料子 * good quality woollen cloth 优质毛料 * [attrib 作定语] a cloth binding 布面装订.  2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) piece of cloth used for a special purpose 作某种用途的布块: a `dishcloth * a `floorcloth * a `table-cloth.  3 the cloth [sing] clothes worn by the clergy, seen as a symbol of their profession 教士服, 牧师服（被视为神职的标志）: the respect due to his cloth 因他任神职而受到的尊敬 * a man of the cloth, ie a clergyman 一位神职人员（传教士）.  4 (idm 习语) cut one's coat according to one's cloth => coat./kləʊð; kloð/ v (a) [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) put clothes on sb/oneself; dress 给某人[自己]穿上衣物; 穿（衣物）: clothed from head to foot in white 从头到脚穿戴一身白的 * warmly clothed 穿得暖的. (b) [Tn] provide clothes for (sb) 供给（某人）衣物: He can barely feed and clothe his family. 他勉强能给予全家人温饱. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth cover sth as if with clothes （像穿衣物般）覆盖某物: a landscape clothed in mist 笼罩于雾中的风景./kləʊðz; <i>US</i> kləʊz; kloz/ n [pl] (not used with numerals 不可与数字连用) covering for a person's body; garments 衣物; 衣服; 服装: warm, fashionable, expensive, etc clothes 温暖的、时髦的、昂贵的衣物 * put on/take off one's clothes 穿上[脱下]衣物.= moth 2.n basket for clothes which need to be washed or have been washed 放置待洗的或洗净的衣物的篮子.n brush for removing dust, mud, hair, etc from clothes 衣刷.n = hanger 1.n frame on which clothes are hung to air after they have been washed and dried 晒衣架.n rope stretched between posts on which washed clothes, etc are hung to dry 晾衣绳. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.(Brit) (US `clothes-pin) n wooden or plastic clip for fastening clothes to a clothes-line （用于晾衣绳的）衣夹. =>illus at peg 见peg之插图./ˈkləʊðɪŋ; `kloðɪŋ/ n [U]  1 clothes 衣物; 服装: articles/items of clothing 衣物 * waterproof clothing 防水服; 雨衣. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) a wolf in sheep's clothing => wolf.(Brit) thick cream made by scalding milk 凝结的乳脂（将乳类加热煮沸而成）./ˈkləʊtʃə(r); `klotʃɚ/ n (US) = closure./klaʊd; klaᴜd/ n  1 [C, U] (separate mass of) visible water vapour floating in the sky 云: black clouds appearing from the west 西方出现的乌云 * There wasn't a cloud in the sky. 天空无云. * The top of the mountain was covered in cloud. 浮云遮盖着山顶.  2 [C] (a) mass of smoke, dust, sand, etc in the air 　空中的烟、尘、沙等的）团. (b) mass of insects moving together in the sky （天空中昆虫的）群: a cloud of locusts 一群飞蝗.  3 [C] blurred patch in a liquid or on a transparent object （液体或透明物体中的）混浊斑.  4 [C] (fig 比喻) thing that causes unhappiness, uncertainty, etc 造成不愉快、不明朗等的事物: A cloud of suspicion is hanging over him. 有一团疑云笼罩着他. * Her arrival cast a cloud (of gloom) over the party. 她一来给聚会蒙上了一层阴影.  5 (idm 习语) every cloud has a silver `lining (saying 谚) there is always a comforting or more hopeful side to a sad or difficult situation 乌云背後总有一线光芒（在逆境中总有值得宽慰的或有希望的一面）. have one's head in the clouds => head1. on cloud `nine (infml 口) extremely happy 极快乐: He was on cloud nine after winning the competition. 他在比赛获胜後欣喜若狂. under a `cloud in disgrace or under suspicion 失体面; 受怀疑.

/klaʊd; klaᴜd/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dull, unclear or indistinct （使某事物）变得阴沉暗淡不清楚、不明朗或不清晰: Her eyes clouded with tears. 她泪眼模糊. * Tears clouded her eyes. 眼泪使她的眼晴朦胧不清. * Steam clouded the mirror, ie covered it with condensation. 蒸气把镜子弄得馍糊不清. * (fig 比喻) Old age has clouded his judgement. 他年事已高, 判断力减弱了. * Don't cloud the issue, ie Don't make it unnecessarily complicated. 不要把问题搞得复杂化.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (over) (of sb's face) show sadness or worry （指某人的脸）显得阴沉或忧伤: His face clouded (over) when he heard the news. 他听到这一消息, 脸就沉了下来.  3 [Tn] spoil (sth); threaten 毁坏（某事物）; 威胁: cloud sb's enjoyment, happiness, etc 冲淡了某人的兴致、欢乐等 * I hope this disagreement won't cloud our friendship. 我希望这一分歧不会影响我们的友谊.  4 (phr v) cloud `over (of the sky) become covered with clouds （指天空）布满了云.(physics 物) device containing vapour in which the paths of charged particles, X-rays and gamma rays can be observed by the trail of tiny drops of condensed vapour they produce 云室（一种含饱和水蒸气的辐射探测器, 遇有粒子、X射线和伽马射线通过时, 可形成凝结的细小水滴的径迹）.n thick mass of low cloud 低垂浓密的云团.n ideal place or state of affairs that exists only in the mind of an impractical or unrealistic person （脱离现实的）理想境界.n sudden and violent rainstorm 骤雨; 暴雨.n [U].adj without clouds; clear 无云的; 晴朗的: a cloudless sky 晴朗的天空.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with clouds 多云的; 乌云密布的: a cloudy sky 阴天.  2 (esp of liquids) not clear or transparent （尤指液体）混浊的, 不透明的. /klaʊt; klaᴜt/ n (infml 口)  1 [C] heavy blow with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 敲, 打: get a clout across the back of the head 脑後受到狠狠一击.  2 [U] power or influence 权力; 影响力: This union hasn't much clout with the Government. 这个组织对政府没有什么影响力.

v [Tn] (infml 口) hit (sb/sth) heavily with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 打（某人[某物]）.pt of cleave1.

/kləʊv; klov/ n dried unopened flower-bud of the tropical myrtle tree, used as a spice 丁香（一种热带树的乾花苞, 用作香料或调味品）.

/kləʊv; klov/ n one of the small separate sections of a compound bulb （复合鳞茎的）瓣: a clove of garlic 一瓣蒜. =>illus at onion 见onion之插图./ˈkləʊv hɪtʃ; `klov ˌhɪtʃ/ knot used to fasten a rope round a pole, bar, etc 卷结（用绳绕过杆、柱等的一种结绳法）.pp of cleave1./ˈkləʊvə(r); `klovɚ/ n  1 [U] small plant with (usu) three leaves on each stalk, and purple, pink or white flowers, grown as food for cattle, etc 车轴草（一种矮小植物, 可作牧草, 每一叶柄上通常有三片叶子, 花呈紫色、粉红色或白色）: (a) ,four-leaf/-leaved `clover, ie a rare type of clover with four leaves, thought to bring good luck to anyone who finds it 四叶车轴草（一种稀有的车轴草品种, 叶柄上有四片叶子, 认为可给发现它的人带来好运）.  2 (idm 习语) in clover (infml 口) in comfort or luxury 安逸; 舒适; 富裕: be/live in clover 生活优裕.n (pl -leafs or  -leaves/ li:vz; 9livz/) motorway intersection in a pattern resembling a four-leaf clover, allowing traffic to move in any of four directions 蝶式立体交叉桥（车辆可向任何方向行驶的高速公路立交桥）./klaʊn; klaᴜn/ n  1 comic entertainer (esp in a circus) who paints his face and dresses in a ridiculous way and performs funny or foolish tricks 滑稽演员; （尤指马戏团的）小丑.  2 person who is always behaving comically 举止一贯滑稽可笑的人.

v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (usu derog 通常作贬义) act in a foolish or comical way, like a clown 扮小丑: Stop clowning around! 不要再像小丑那样胡闹了!adj of or like a clown 丑角的; 像小丑的./klɔɪ; klɔɪ/ v (dated fml 旧, 文)  1 [I] (of sth sweet or pleasurable) become unpleasant by being tasted or experienced too often （指甜食或美好的事物）因过多而生厌; 吃腻; 玩腻: The pleasures of idleness soon cloy. 无所事事的享乐很快就使人厌烦了.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] sicken (sb) with too much sweetness or pleasure （因吃甜食过多或享乐过度）使（某人）生腻, 生厌: cloyed with rich food 吃腻美食.adj (of food, etc) sickeningly sweet （指食物等）甜得发腻的: (fig 比喻) a cloying smile, manner 嬉皮笑脸的微笑、态度./ˈkləʊz test; `kloz ˌtɛst/ comprehension test in which the person being tested tries to fill in words that have been left out of a text 填空测验（阅读理解力测验, 被测者须填出选文中删去的词语以测验理解力）./klʌb; klʌb/ n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词)  1 (a) [C] group of people who meet together regularly to participate in a particular activity (esp a sport) or for relaxation （尤指体育等活动的）社团; 会社; 俱乐部: a cricket, football, rugby, etc club * a working men's club * a youth club. (b) [C] building or rooms used by a club （俱乐部所用的）建筑物或房屋: have a drink at the golf club * [attrib 作定语] the club bar 俱乐部酒吧间.  2 [CGp, C] (organization owning a) building where elected (usu male) members may stay temporarily, have meals, read the newspapers, etc （通常为男性会员的）社团建筑物, 会所: The club has/have decided to increase subscriptions. 会所决定增加报刊订阅份数. * He's a member of several London clubs. 他是伦敦几个会所的成员.  3 [C] commercial organization offering benefits to members who agree to make regular payments of money （为会员提供利益的）商业组织: a book club.  4 [C] = night-club (night).  5 (idm 习语) in the club (Brit sl 俚) pregnant 怀孕. join the club => join.

v (-bb-) (phr v) club together (to do sth) (of the members of a group) make contributions of money, etc so that the total can be used for a specific purpose （指某集体中的成员）（为某目的）凑钱, 分摊费用: They clubbed together to buy the chairman a present. 他们出份子给主席买礼物.

/klʌb; klʌb/ n  1 heavy stick with one end thicker than the other, used as a weapon （一端粗一端细的沉重的）棍棒（可用作武器）.  2 stick with a specially shaped end for hitting the ball in golf and hockey 高尔夫球棒; 曲棍球棒. =>illus at golf 见golf之插图.

v (-bb-) [Tn] hit or beat (sb/sth) with a club or heavy object （用棍棒或重物）打、击（某人[某物]）: The soldiers clubbed him (to death) with their rifles. 士兵用枪托打（死了）他.

/klʌb; klʌb/ n (a) clubs [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards with a black three-leaf design on them （纸牌戏的）梅花: Clubs is/are trumps. 梅花是王牌. * the ace of clubs 梅花　. (b) [C] playing-card of this suit 梅花牌: play a club 出梅花牌. =>illus at playing-card 见playing card之插图.(US) first-class railway carriage offering comfortable seats and refreshments 有舒适座位及小吃的火车车厢.(esp US) sandwich consisting of three slices of bread or toast and two layers of meat, lettuce, tomato, etc 总会三明治（三片面包夹有两层肉、生菜、蕃茄等的三明治）.n (a) [C] foot that is deformed from birth （先天性的）畸形足. (b) [U] condition of having such a foot 生有畸形足. adj.n [U] disease affecting cabbages and similar plants, with swelling of the roots （甘蓝等植物的）根肿病./ˈklʌbəbl; `klʌbəbl/ adj suitable to be a member of a club; sociable 有资格做俱乐部会员的; 善于交际的.n building used by a sports club, esp a golf club 俱乐部会所./klʌk; klʌk/ n noise that a hen makes, eg when calling her chicks （母鸡的）咯咯叫声（如呼唤小鸡时）.

v  1 [I] make a cluck 发出咯咯声.  2 [I, Tn] (of people) express (disapproval, etc) by making a similar noise （指人）发出表示不同意等的声音./kluː; klu/ n  1 ~ (to sth) fact or piece of evidence that helps to solve a problem or reveal the truth in an investigation 线索; 端倪: The only clue to the identity of the murderer was a half-smoked cigarette. 鉴定谋杀者的唯一线索是一枝吸了一半的香烟. * We have no clue as to where she went after she left home. 我们对她离家後去往何处毫无线索.  2 word or words indicating the answer to be inserted in a crossword puzzle （纵横填字字谜中对应填词语的）提示词语.  3 (idm 习语) not have a `clue (infml 口) (a) not know (anything about) sth; not know how to do sth 对某事物一无所知; 不知如何做某事物: `When does the train leave?' `I haven't a clue.' ｀火车什么时候开?＇｀我完全不知道.＇ (b) (derog 贬) be stupid or incompetent 愚笨; 无能: `Don't ask him to do it  he hasn't a clue. ' ｀不要叫他做--他没本事.＇

v (phr v) clue sb up (about/on sth) (infml 口) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) make sb well-informed (about sth) 使某人熟知（某事物）: She's really clued up on politics. 她对政治非常博学多闻./kluːlɪs; `klulɪs/ adj (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid or incompetent 愚笨的; 无能的: He's absolutely clueless. 他毫无本事./klʌmp; klʌmp/ n group or cluster (esp of trees, shrubs or plants) （尤指树木或花草的）丛: a small clump of oak trees 橡树丛.

v [Tn, Tn.p esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (together) form a clump or arrange sth in a clump 形成一丛; 将某物聚集成堆: The children's shoes were all clumped together in a corner. 孩子们的鞋都堆在角落里.

/klʌmp; klʌmp/ v [Ipr, Ip] ~ about, around, etc walk in the specified direction putting the feet down heavily 以沉重的脚步向某方向行走: clumping about (the room) in heavy boots 穿着笨重的靴子（在屋里）走来走去.

n [sing] sound of heavy footsteps 沉重的脚步声: the clump of boots 靴子的咯咯声.adv. n [U]./ˈklʌmzɪ; `klʌmzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 awkward and ungraceful in movement or shape （行动或形状）笨拙而难看的: You clumsy oaf  that's the second glass you've broken today! 你这个笨家伙--这是你今天打碎的第二个玻璃杯!  2 (of tools, furniture, etc) difficult to use or move; not well designed （指工具、家具等）难用的, 难移动的; 设计欠佳的: a clumsy sideboard, pair of scissors 不好用的碗柜、剪刀 * It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes. 穿着这双笨重的鞋走路真难受.  3 done without tact or skill 无策略的; 无技巧的: a clumsy apology, reply, speech, etc 生硬的道歉、回答、讲话等 * a clumsy forgery, ie one that is easy to detect 粗劣的伪造品（容易识破的）. pt, pp of cling./klʌŋk; klʌŋk/ n dull sound (as) of heavy metal objects striking together （沉重的金属物件的）碰击声, 匡啷声.

v [I] make this sound 发出　匡啷声./ˈklʌstə(r); `klʌstɚ/ n  1 number of things of the same kind growing closely together （丛生的）簇, 丛, 团, 串: a cluster of berries, flowers, curls 一簇浆果、花、鬈发 * ivy growing in thick clusters 成丛生长的常春藤.  2 number of people, animals or things grouped closely together （任何的）群, 堆, 组, 团, 串: a cluster of houses, spectators, bees, islands, diamonds, stars 密密匝匝的房屋、观众、蜜蜂、岛屿、钻石、星星 * a consonant cluster, eg str in strong 辅音连缀（如strong中的 str）.

v (phr v) cluster/be clustered (together) round sb/sth form a cluster round sb/sth; surround sb/sth closely 聚集在某人[某物]的周围; 丛生; 群聚: roses clustering round the window 绕着窗户丛生的玫瑰花 * The village clusters round the church. 村子的房屋围绕在教堂的四周. * Reporters (were) clustered round the Prime Minister. 记者把首相团团围住./klʌtʃ; klʌtʃ/ v  1 (a) [Tn] seize (sb/sth) eagerly 急忙抓住（某人[某事物]）: He clutched the rope we threw to him. 他急忙抓住我们扔给他的绳子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] hold (sb/sth) tightly in the hand(s) 紧紧地抱住、握住（某人[某物]）: clutch a baby in one's arms 双臂抱住婴儿 * Mary was clutching her doll to her chest. 玛丽把洋娃娃抱在怀里.  2 (idm 习语) clutch at a straw/straws try to grasp a slight opportunity to escape, rescue sb, etc in desperate circumstances 临危极力抓住渺茫的机会逃脱、救人等.  3 (phr v) clutch at sth try to seize sth 试图抓住某事物: He clutched at the branch but couldn't reach it. 他想抓住树枝, 可是没够着.

n  1 (a) [C] act of clutching or seizing 抓; 握; 抱: make a clutch at sth 想抓取某事物. (b) [sing] act of holding sth in the fingers or the hands; grip 抓; 握; 捏; 攥.  2 clutches [pl] power or control (used esp as in the expressions shown) 势力范围, 控制（尤用于以下示例）: be in sb's clutches 在某人控制下 * fall into the clutches of sb/sth 落入某人[某事物]的势力范围 * have sb in one's clutches 把某人控制住 * escape from sb's clutches 摆脱某人的控制.  3 [C] (a) device that connects and disconnects working parts in a machine (esp the engine and gears in a motor vehicle) 接合器; （尤指）离合器: let in/out the clutch, ie when changing gear 接合[分离]离合器（换挡时） * She released the clutch and the car began to move. 她放开离合器, 汽车就动了. (b) pedal that operates this device 离合器踏板: take one's foot off the clutch 把脚从离合器踏板上抬起. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

/klʌtʃ; klʌtʃ/ n (a) set of eggs that a hen sits on and that hatch together 母鸡一次所孵的蛋; 一窝蛋. (b) group of young chickens that hatch from these eggs 一窝小鸡./ˈklʌtə(r); `klʌtɚ/ n (derog 贬) (a) [U] (esp unnecessary or unwanted) things lying about untidily 凌乱的东西: How can you work with so much clutter on your desk? 书桌上有这么多乱七八糟的东西, 你怎么能工作呢? (b) [sing] untidy state 杂乱; 凌乱: His room is always in a clutter. 他的房间总是凌乱不堪.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fill or cover sth in an untidy way 胡乱地填满、塞满或覆盖住某事物: a room cluttered (up) with unnecessary furniture 塞满不必要的家具的房间 * Don't clutter up my desk  I've just tidied it. 不要在我的书桌上乱放东西--我刚收拾好. * (fig 比喻) His head is cluttered (up) with useless facts. 他满脑子杂七杂八的闲事.abbr 缩写 = Cdr.abbr 缩写 = Cdre./ˌsiː en ˈdiː; ˌsi ɛn `di/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 核裁军运动./ˌsiː ˈəʊ; ˌsɪ `o/ abbr 缩写 = Commanding Officer 指挥官.abbr 缩写 =  1 (esp commerce 尤用于商业) company:Pearce, Briggs & Co 皮尔斯　布里格斯公司 * the StylewiseFurniture Co 斯泰尔怀斯家具公司 * (infml 口) Were Jane and Mary and Co/ 5meErI En kEU; `mZrI En ko/ at the party? 简和玛丽他们来参加聚会了吗?  2 county 郡: Co Down, Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰当郡.=> co-oppref 前缀 (used fairly widely with adjs, advs, ns and vs 可与许多形容词、副词、名词、动词结合) together; jointly 共同; 一起; 联合: co-produced * co-operatively * co-driver * co-star./ˈkəʊ ɒp; `ko ˌɑp/ n (infml 口)  1 [C] co-operative 合作社: a wine produced by the local growers' co-op 本地种植者合作社所生产的葡萄酒.  2 the Co-op [sing] (in Britain) (shop or supermarket belonging to a) large retail chain founded originally to provide low-priced goods and share out its profits amongst purchasers （英国的）消费合作社（大型廉价零售网, 可使顾客分享其利润）; 隶属于消费合作社的商店或超级市场: He does all his shopping at the Co-op. 他无论什么东西都在消费合作社购买./kəʊˈɒpəreɪt; ko`ɑpəˌret/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (in doing/to do sth); ~ (with sb) (on sth) work or act together with another or others （与他人）合作, 协作: co-operate with one's friends in raising/to raise money 与朋友合作集资 * The two schools are co-operating on the project. 这两所学校在这一项目上进行协作.  2 [I] be helpful and do as one is asked 配合; 协助: `If you co-operate we'll let you go,' said the policeman. ｀你只要协助我们, 就放你走,＇警察说道. /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn; koˌɑpə`reʃən/ n [U]  1 ~ (with sb) (in doing sth/on sth); ~ (between A and B) (in doing sth/on sth) acting or working together for a common purpose 合作; 协作: a report produced by the Government in co-operation with the chemical industry 政府在化工部门的配合下所提出的一份报告 * co-operation between the police and the public in catching the criminal 在追捕罪犯过程中警方与公众之间的相互配合.  2 willingness to be helpful and do as one is asked 乐于协助或配合的态度: Please clear the gangways, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for your co-operation. 女士们、先生们: 请别堵住通道. 谢谢诸位大力协助./kəʊˈɒpərətɪv; ko`ɑpərətɪv/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] marked by co-operation; joint 合作性质的; 联营的: a co-operative venture, attempt, etc 合作的企业、尝试等.  2 willing to be helpful 愿意协助的: The school was very co-operative when we made a film there. 我们到该校拍摄影片时, 获校方大力协助.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) owned and run by those participating, with profits shared by them 共同掌握所有权和管理权并分享其利的; 合作的: a co-operative farm 合作农场 * The co-operative movement started in Britain in the 19th century; co-operative societies set up shops to sell low-priced goods to poor people. 19世纪英国开始了合作社运动, 许多合作机构开办商店向贫民出售廉价物品.

n co-operative(3) business or other organization 合作企业或其他组织: agricultural co-operatives in India and China 印度和中国的农业合作社 * The bicycle factory is now a workers' co-operative. 这家自行车制造厂现在是工人的集体企业. * a housing co-operative, ie in which a house or group of houses is jointly owned by those who live there 住宅业主团体（其住宅之所有权属于全体住户）.

/kəʊˈɒpərətɪv; ko`ɑpərətɪv/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] marked by co-operation; joint 合作性质的; 联营的: a co-operative venture, attempt, etc 合作的企业、尝试等.  2 willing to be helpful 愿意协助的: The school was very co-operative when we made a film there. 我们到该校拍摄影片时, 获校方大力协助.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) owned and run by those participating, with profits shared by them 共同掌握所有权和管理权并分享其利的; 合作的: a co-operative farm 合作农场 * The co-operative movement started in Britain in the 19th century; co-operative societies set up shops to sell low-priced goods to poor people. 19世纪英国开始了合作社运动, 许多合作机构开办商店向贫民出售廉价物品.

n co-operative(3) business or other organization 合作企业或其他组织: agricultural co-operatives in India and China 印度和中国的农业合作社 * The bicycle factory is now a workers' co-operative. 这家自行车制造厂现在是工人的集体企业. * a housing co-operative, ie in which a house or group of houses is jointly owned by those who live there 住宅业主团体（其住宅之所有权属于全体住户）.adv.n./kəʊˈɒpt; ko`ɑpt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (onto sth) (of the members of a committee) vote for the appointment of sb as an extra member of the committee （指委员会的成员）增选某人为新委员: co-opt a new member onto the committee 增补一名新委员./kəʊˈɔːdɪnət; ko`ɔrdnɪt/ n  1 (often 常作 coordinate) either of two numbers or letters used to fix the position of a point on a graph or map 坐标: the x and y coordinates on a graph 图表上的x和y坐标 * coordinates of latitude and longitude 经纬度 * [attrib 作定语] co-ordinate geometry, ie geometry using co-ordinates 解析几何. =>illus at map 见map.  2 co-ordinates [pl] matched items of women's clothing （女子的）配套衣物.

/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt; ko`ɔrdnˌet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cause (different parts, limbs, etc) to function together efficiently 使（各部分、肢体等）协调, 协同动作: co-ordinate one's movements when swimming 游泳时协调动作 * We must co-ordinate our efforts (ie work together) to help the flood victims. 我们应该同心协力以援助遭水灾的灾民. * The plan was not (ie Its parts were not) very well co-ordinated. 这计划的各部分配合得不够好.

/kəʊˈɔːdɪnət; ko`ɔrdnɪt/ n  1 (often 常作 coordinate) either of two numbers or letters used to fix the position of a point on a graph or map 坐标: the x and y coordinates on a graph 图表上的x和y坐标 * coordinates of latitude and longitude 经纬度 * [attrib 作定语] co-ordinate geometry, ie geometry using co-ordinates 解析几何. =>illus at map 见map.  2 co-ordinates [pl] matched items of women's clothing （女子的）配套衣物.

/kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt; ko`ɔrdnˌet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cause (different parts, limbs, etc) to function together efficiently 使（各部分、肢体等）协调, 协同动作: co-ordinate one's movements when swimming 游泳时协调动作 * We must co-ordinate our efforts (ie work together) to help the flood victims. 我们应该同心协力以援助遭水灾的灾民. * The plan was not (ie Its parts were not) very well co-ordinated. 这计划的各部分配合得不够好.(grammar) one of two or more clauses in a sentence that are equal in importance, have similar patterns and are often joined by and, or, but, etc 并列分句（一个句子中所含有的至少两个地位相等、结构相似的分句之一, 常以and、or、but等词相连接）. Cf 参看 subordinate clause (subordinate)./ˌkəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn; koˌɔrdn`eʃən/ n [U]  1 ~ (with sb/sth) action of co-ordinating 协调; 协同动作: the co-ordination of the work of several people 几个人的协作 * the perfect co-ordination of hand and eye 手和眼完美的协调动作 * a pamphlet produced by the Government in co-ordination with (ie working together with) the Sports Council 政府在体育协会的配合下发行的小册子.  2 ability to control one's movements properly 协调自己动作的能力: have good/poor co-ordination 善于[不善于]协调自己的动作 * You need excellent co-ordination for ball games. 做球类运动, 要善于协调自己的动作.n person who co-ordinates 协调人: The campaign needs an effective co-ordinator. 这个运动需要一个有能力的协调人./ˌkəʊ ˈpaɪlət; `koˌpaɪlət/ n assistant pilot in an aircraft （飞行器的）副驾驶员./ˌkəʊrɪˈlɪdʒənɪst; ˌkorɪ`lɪdʒənɪst/ n (fml 文) person who belongs to the same religion as sb else 信奉同一宗教的人./ˌkəʊ rɪˈspɒndənt; ˌkorɪ`spɑndənt/ n (law 律) (formerly) person accused of committing adultery with the respondent in a divorce case （旧时离婚诉讼中被控通奸的）共同被告: cite (ie name) sb as co-respondent 指某人为共同被告./ˌkəʊˈsɪgnətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; ko`sɪˇnəˌtɔrɪ/ n ~ (of/to sth) person, state, etc signing jointly with others 连署者（人、国家等）: The US and the former Soviet Union were co-signatories of/to the treaty. 美国和前苏联都是条约的签署国./ˈkəʊ stɑː(r); `ko`stɑr/ v (-rr-) (cinema or TV 影或视)  1 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (of a film, etc) have (a star(4)) with status equal to that of another or others （指电影等）由（某明星）与其他明星联合主演: The film co-starred Robert Redford (and Paul Newman). 这部影片由罗伯特·雷德福（和保罗·纽曼）联合主演.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) appear as a star with sb （与某人）联合主演, 合演: Laurence Olivier is in the film, and Maggie Smith co-stars (with him). 劳伦斯·奥利维尔演这部影片, 玛吉·史密斯（与他）联合演出.

/ˈkəʊstɑː(r); `kostɑr/ n person who co-stars 联合主演者; 合演的明星: His co-star in the film was Maggie Smith. 他在这部影片中的搭挡是玛吉·史密斯./ˌkəʊ ˈtenənt; ko`tɛnənt/ n joint tenant 共同承租人; 合租人; 共同佃户./kəʊtʃ; kotʃ/ n  1 bus (usu with a single deck) for carrying passengers over long distances 长途公共汽车（通常指单层的）: travel by overnight coach to Scotland 乘坐夜间长途汽车去苏格兰 * [attrib 作定语] a coach station 长途汽车站 * a coach tour of Italy 乘长途汽车游览意大利.  2 = carriage 2.  3 large four-wheeled carriage pulled by horses and used (esp formerly) for carrying passengers 四轮大马车（尤指旧时载客的）: a `stage-coach 公共马车.  4 (idm 习语) drive a coach and horses through sth => drive1.

/kəʊtʃ; kotʃ/ n  1 person who trains sportsmen, esp for contests （运动员的）教练: a tennis, football, swimming, etc coach 网球、足球、游泳等的教练.  2 teacher who gives private lessons to prepare students for examinations （私人的）辅导教师.

v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for/in sth) teach or train sb, esp for an examination or a sporting contest 辅导或训练某人（尤指为参加考试或比赛）: coach a swimmer for the Olympics 训练准备参加奥林匹克运动会的游泳运动员 * coach sb in maths 辅导某人数学 * She has talent but she will need coaching. 她有天分, 但需要指导. (b) [I] work or act as a coach 辅导或训练的工作或活动: She'll be coaching all summer. 她整个夏天将要作辅导工作. =>Usage at teach 用法见teach./ˈkəʊtʃmən; `kotʃmən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) driver of a horse-drawn carriage 马车夫.n [U] main outside structure of a road or railway vehicle （公路或铁路车辆的）车身外壳./kəʊˈægjʊleɪt; ko`æˇjəˌlet/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change from a liquid to a thick and semi-solid state; clot （使液体）变为半固体状态; 凝固: Blood coagulates in air. 血液遇到空气就凝结. * Air coagulates blood. 空气能使血液凝结. /kəʊ-ˌgjʊˈleɪʃn; koˌæˇjə`leʃən/ n [U]./kəʊl; kol/ n  1 (a) [U] black mineral found below the ground, used for burning to supply heat and to make coal gas and coal tar 煤: put more coal on the fire 往火里再加些煤 * [attrib 作定语] a coal fire 煤火 * coal dust 煤末. (b) [C] piece of this material, esp one that is burning （尤指燃烧着的）煤块: A hot coal fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet. 火炉里掉出一块炽热的煤把地毯烧了.  2 (idm 习语) carry coals to Newcastle => carry. haul sb over the coals => haul. heap coals of fire on sb's head => heap.

v  1 [Tn] load a supply of coal into (a ship) 给（轮船）加煤, 上煤, 装煤.  2 [I] (of a ship) be loaded with a supply of coal （指轮船）被加煤, 上煤, 装煤.n [U] mixture of gases produced from coal, used for lighting and heating 煤气.n (US) = paraffin.thick black sticky substance produced when gas is made from coal 煤焦油.adj very dark 极黑的: ,coal-black `eyes 乌黑的眼晴.n part of a coal-seam from which coal is being cut 煤层中的采掘面: work at the coal-face 采煤工作.n small cellar for storing coal 贮藏煤的地下室; 地下小煤库.n place underground where coal is dug 煤矿. n person whose job is digging coal in a coal-mine 煤矿工人.n container for coal, usu kept by the fireside 煤斗, 煤桶（通常置于炉边的）.n layer of coal under the ground 煤层./ˌkəʊəˈles; ˌkoə`lɛs/ v [I] (fml 文) combine and form one group, substance, mass, etc 联合; 结合; 合并: The views of party leaders coalesced to form a coherent policy. 党的领导人的各种观点已统一为一致的政策. /ˌkəʊəˈlesns; ˌkoə`lɛsns/ n [U].n district in which coal is mined 采煤区./ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn; ˌkoə`lɪʃən/ n  1 [U] action of uniting into one body or group 结合; 联合.  2 [CGp] temporary alliance between political parties, usu in order to form a government 政党间的暂时联合（通常为成立联合政府的）: form a coalition 结成同盟 * a left-wing coalition 左翼联盟 * [attrib 作定语] a coalition government 联合政府./ˈkəʊmɪŋ; `komɪŋ/ n raised rim round a ship's hatches to keep water out 舱口栏板（船舱口周围防水流入的突起边缘）./kɔːs; kɔrs/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) consisting of large particles; not fine 有大颗粒的; 粗糙的; 粗的: coarse sand, salt, etc 粗沙、粗盐等. (b) rough or loose in texture （表面或质地）粗糙的, 稀松的: bags made from coarse linen 用粗亚麻制的口袋 * a coarse complexion/skin 粗糙的颜面[皮肤].  2 (of food, wine, etc) of low quality; inferior （指食物、酒等）低劣的, 粗劣的.  3 (a) not refined; vulgar 不高雅的; 粗俗的: coarse manners, laughter, tastes, etc 粗俗的举止、笑声、兴味等. (b) indecent or obscene 下流的; 猥亵的; 淫秽的: coarse jokes, humour, language, etc 粗鄙笑话、幽默、语言等.freshwater fish other than salmon and trout （除鲑和鳟以外的）淡水鱼. trying to catch coarse fish as a sport 捕捉淡水鱼（作为娱乐活动）.adv: chop onions coarsely, ie into large pieces 把洋葱剁成大块./ˈkɔːsn; `kɔrsn/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become coarse （使某物）变粗糙: The sea air coarsened her skin. 海上的空气使她的皮肤粗糙了.n [U]./kəʊst; kost/ n  1 land bordering the sea 海岸: The ship was wrecked on the Kent coast. 该船在肯特海岸遇难. * islands off the Scottish coast 苏格兰沿海的岛屿 * a village on the south coast, eg of England 南海岸的村子（如英格兰南海岸） * spend a day by the coast, ie the seaside 在海滨度一日 * [attrib 作定语] a coast road, ie one that follows the line of the coast 沿海岸线的道路. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) the ,coast is `clear (infml 口) there is no danger of being seen or caught 没有被发现或被捉住的危险: They waited until the coast was clear before loading the stolen goods into the van. 他们待四下无人时就把赃物装进货车.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Coast and shore both indicate land lying beside large areas of water. *coast和shore均指邻接大片水域的陆地. Shore suggests the limits of a lake or sea, or a narrow strip of land next to the water *shore指湖或海的边缘或水边的狭长的陆地: They camped on the shore of Lake Bala. 他们在巴拉湖畔宿营. *  The survivors swam to the shore. 幸存者游上了岸. The land at the edge of a river or stream is a bank. 江河或溪流边上的陆地叫做bank. *Coast can refer to a wider area of land or a long stretch of land next to the sea or ocean *coast可指邻接海或洋的较宽阔的或狭长的地域: We live at/on the coast. 我们住在海滨. *  the Atlantic coast of South America 南美洲的大西洋海岸. The beach is usually the sloping part of the shore often covered by the sea at high tide *beach通常指shore的倾斜部分, 往往在涨潮时被潮水漫过: The beach was crowded with sunbathers. 沙滩上挤满了作日光浴的人们. The seaside is a coastal area where people go on holiday *seaside是指人们前往度假的沿海地区: Brighton is a famous seaside resort. 布赖顿是着名的海滨胜地. *  We're spending August at the seaside. 我们八月份要在海滨度过.

/kəʊst; kost/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) move, esp downhill (in a car, on a bicycle, etc), without using power （不使用动力, 尤指向山下）移动, 滑行（乘汽车、骑自行车等）: coast down a hill (ie in neutral gear) to save petrol 滑行下山以省汽油（如使用空挡） * coasting along on a bicycle, ie without pedalling 骑在自行车上滑行（不用脚蹬）. (b) (fig 比喻) make progress without much effort 不很费力而取得进展: The Socialists are coasting to victory (ie winning easily) in the election. 社会党人在选举中会轻易获胜.  2 [I] sail (from port to port) along a coast 沿着海岸（从一港口到另一港口）航行.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or near a coast 海岸的; 沿海的: coastal waters 近海水域 * a coastal town, area, etc 沿海的城镇、地区等. Cf 参看 inland 1./ˈkəʊstə(r); `kostɚ/ n  1 (a) small mat put under a drinking-glass to protect a polished table, etc from drips 杯垫. (b) small tray for holding a decanter, wine bottle, etc （放饮料瓶、酒瓶等的）小托盘.  2 ship that sails from port to port along a coast （沿海岸各港口航行的）轮船.n [C, CGp] (one of a) group of people employed to watch the coast and report passing ships, prevent smuggling, etc （受雇监视、报告过往船只、防止走私等的）海岸警卫队（员）.n shape or outline of a coast 海岸的轮廓; 海岸线: a rugged, rocky, indented, etc coastline 崎岖的、多石的、弯弯曲曲的...海岸线./kəʊt; kot/ n  1 long outer garment with sleeves, usu fastened at the front with buttons 大衣: a waterproof, fur, leather, etc coat 防水的、皮毛的、皮革的等大衣.  2 woman's jacket worn with a skirt （与裙子配套穿的女用）短外套: a tweed coat and skirt 粗花呢的外套和裙子.  3 fur, hair or wool covering an animal's body （动物的）皮毛: a dog with a smooth, shaggy, etc coat 长有光滑毛的、粗毛的狗 * animals in their winter coats, ie grown long for extra warmth 长有冬季皮毛的动物（毛长而更保暖）.  4 layer of paint or some other substance put on a surface at one time （涂颜料等的）一层: give sth a second coat of paint 在某物上涂上第二层颜料.  5 (idm 习语) ,cut one's `coat ac,cording to one's `cloth (saying 谚) spend money or produce sth within the limits of what one can afford 量力而行; 量入为出: We wanted to buy a bigger house than this but we had to cut our coat according to our cloth. 我们原想买比这个大些的房子, 但是得量力而为呀. turn one's coat desert one side, party, etc and join another, esp because it is profitable or advantageous to do so 背弃自己的一方、党派等而加入另一方（尤指因有利可图或有好处）; 变节; 背叛; 改变立场.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) cover sb/sth with a layer of sth 为某人[某物]加上一层东西: coat fish in batter 把鱼蘸上一层面、蛋、奶调成的糊 * biscuits coated with chocolate 外层有巧克力的饼乾 * furniture coated with dust 落上灰尘的家具 * a coated tongue 有苔的舌头. coating n  1 [C] thin layer or covering 薄层; 外层: a coating of wax, chocolate, paint 一层蜡、巧克力、颜料.  2 [U] material for making coats (coat 1, 2) （做大衣或女外套的）面料.design on a shield used as an emblem by a family, city, university, etc （用作某家族、城市、大学等的标志的）盾形徽章. =>illus 见插图.piece of armour made of interlocking metal rings or plates and worn on the upper part of the body 铠甲; 锁子甲.n = hanger.n [pl] divided tapering part at the back of a tailcoat (tail) （燕尾服的）尾部./ˈkəʊks; koks/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t]  1 ~ sb (into/out of (doing) sth) persuade sb gently or gradually 劝诱或哄劝某人: He coaxed her into letting him take her to the cinema. 他哄得她同意带她去看电影. * She coaxed him out of his bad temper. 她循循善诱地劝他改掉坏脾气. * coax a child to take its medicine 哄小孩儿吃药 * (fig 比喻) coax a fire with (ie make it burn by adding) paraffin 加上煤油把火点着.  2 (phr v) coax sth outof/from sb obtain sth from sb by gentle persuasion 用好言好语劝说某人以得到某事物: I had to coax the information out of him. 我得用好话套出他掌握的情况. * She coaxed a smile from the baby. 她哄得婴儿一笑.n [U] attempts to persuade sb 试图劝诱某人: It took a lot of coaxing before he agreed. 劝说了很久他才同意. * (fig 比喻) With a little coaxing (ie After several attempts) the engine started. 发动机打了几次火才发动起来. coaxingly adv: speak coaxingly 苦口婆心地说./kɒb; kɑb/ n  1 strong short-legged horse for riding （供乘骑用的）强壮而腿短的马.  2 male swan 雄天鹅.  3 (also `cob-nut) large type of hazel-nut 欧洲榛子.  4 = corn-cob corn (cob1): corn on the cob 玉米棒子./ˈkəʊbɔːlt; `kobɔlt/ n [U]  1 chemical element, a hard silvery-white metal used in many alloys 钴. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 deep-blue colouring matter made from compounds of this, used to colour glass and pottery 钴类颜料（深蓝色, 用于玻璃及陶瓷着色）: [attrib 作定语] cobalt blue 钴蓝./ˈkɒbə(r); `kɑbɚ/ n (Austral infml 澳, 口) (esp used as a form of address between men 尤用作男子间的称呼) friend; mate 朋友; 同伴./ˈkɒbl; `kɑbl/ (also `cobble-stone) n rounded stone formerly used for covering the surfaces of roads, etc （旧时用于铺路面等的）圆石, 鹅卵石: The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车哒哒地驶过石子路.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cover the surface of (a road) with cobbles 用圆石铺（路）面: cobbled streets 用圆石铺的街道.

/ˈkɒbl; `kɑbl/ v  1 [Tn] repair (shoes) 修补（鞋）.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) put sth together or make sth hastily or clumsily 胡乱拼凑; 粗制滥造: The student cobbled together an essay in half an hour. 这个学生用半小时草草拼凑了一篇文章./ˈkɒblə(r); `kɑblɚ/ n  1 (becoming dated 渐旧) person who repairs shoes 修鞋匠; 补鞋匠.  2 (esp US) fruit pie with a thick cake-like crust 脆皮水果馅饼.  3 (esp US) iced drink made with wine, lemon and sugar （用酒、柠檬和糖制成的）冷饮料./ˈkɒbləz; `kɑblɚz/ n [sing v] (Brit sl 俚) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 废话: What a load of (old) cobblers! 胡说八道!/ˈkəʊbɒl; `koˌbɔl/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) common business-oriented language, a programming language designed for use in commerce 通用商业语言（为商业用途而设计的程序语言）./ˈkəʊbrə; `kobrə/ n poisonous snake found in India and Africa 眼镜蛇. =>illus at snake 见snake之插图./ˈkɒbweb; `kɑbˌwɛb/ n  1 fine network of threads made by a spider 蜘蛛网.  2 single thread of this 蜘蛛丝. Cf 参看 web 1./ˈkəʊkə; `kokə/ n (a) [C] S American shrub 古柯（南美灌木）. (b) [U] its dried leaves from which cocaine is obtained 古柯树的乾叶（可提取可卡因）./ˌkəʊkə ˈkəʊlə; ˌkokə`kolə/ (also infml 口语亦作 Coke) n (propr 专利名) (a) [U] popular non-alcoholic carbonated drink 可口可乐. (b) [C] bottle or glass of this 一瓶或一杯可口可乐./kəʊˈkeɪn; ko`ken/ n [U] drug used as a local anaesthetic by doctors, and as a stimulant by drug addicts 可卡因; 古柯碱./ˈkɒksɪks; `kɑksɪks/ n (pl ~es or coccyges/ 5kCksIdVi:z; kBk`sEdViz/) (anatomy 解) small bone at the bottom of the spine 尾骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图./ˌkɒtʃɪˈniːl; ˌkɑtʃə`nil/ n [U] bright red colouring-matter made from the dried bodies of certain tropical American insects 胭脂虫红（由南美热带胭脂虫乾骸制成的鲜红色物质）./ˈkɒklɪə; `kɑklɪə/ n (pl -leae/ -lI-i:; -lI9i/) (anatomy 解) spiral-shaped part of the inner ear 耳蜗. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图./kɒk; kɑk/ n  1 (US rooster) [C] adult male bird of the domestic fowl 公鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. Cf 参看 hen.  2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) male of any other bird, esp of a game bird 雄鸟（尤指猎禽）: a ,cock `pheasant 雄雉 * a ,cock `sparrow 雄麻雀 * a ,cock `robin 雄鸲.  3 [sing] (Brit sl 俚) (used as a form of address between men 男子互称用语) friend; mate 朋友; 老兄; 老弟.  4 (idm 习语) a ,cock-and-`bull story absurd and improbable story, esp one used as an excuse or explanation 无稽之谈（尤指用作藉口或解释的）: He told us some cock-and-bull story about having lost all his money. 他鬼话连篇, 告诉我们把钱都丢了. ,cock of the `walk person who dominates others within a group 人群中支配他人的人; 头子; 头头. live like fighting cocks => live2.

/kɒk; kɑk/ n  1 [C] tap or valve controlling the flow of a liquid or gas in a pipe 龙头; 旋塞.  2 [C] hammer of a gun （枪的）击铁.  3 [C] (<!> sl 讳, 俚) penis 鸡巴.  4 [U] (sl 俚) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 废话: a load of cock 胡说八道.  5 (idm 习语) at half/full `cock (of a gun with a hammer that is raised before firing) half ready/ready to be fired （指枪击铁扳开）半开[全开]准备发射. go off at ,half `cock (infml 口) start before preparations are complete, so that the effect or result is not satisfactory 仓促行事; 操之过急.

/kɒk; kɑk/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to be upright or erect; raise sth 使某物竖起; 使某物翘起; 举起某物: The horse cocked (up) its ears when it heard the noise. 那马听到声音就竖起了耳朵. * The dog cocked its leg (against the lamppost), ie in order to urinate. 狗（对着灯柱）抬起一只腿（撒尿）.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to tilt or slant 使（某物）倾斜; 歪斜: She cocked her hat at a jaunty angle. 她把帽子歪戴成俏皮的样子. * The bird cocked its head to/on one side. 鸟把头斜向[到]一侧.  3 [Tn] raise the cock2(2) of (a gun) ready for firing 扳起（枪）的击铁准备射击.  4 (idm 习语) cock a snook at sb/sth (a) make a rude gesture at sb by putting one's thumb to one's nose 以拇指抵鼻对某人做不礼貌手势. (b) show cheeky contempt for or defiance of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表示蔑视或不屑一顾: cocking a snook at authority 对权威的蔑视.  5 (phr v) cock sth up (Brit infml 口) spoil or ruin sth by incompetence; bungle sth 把某事物搞糟: The travel agent completely cocked up the arrangements for our holiday. 旅行社把我们假日的安排搞得一塌糊涂. * Trust him to cock it/things up! 保管他会把它[事情]搞糟!

/kɒk; kɑk/ n small cone-shaped pile of straw or hay （小圆锥形的）稻草堆, 乾草堆.

v [Tn] pile (straw or hay) in cocks 将（稻草或乾草）堆成锥形堆; 堆草堆./ˌkɒk ə ˌduːdl ˈduː; `kɑk ə ˌdudl `du/ n (a) noise made by a cock1(1) （公鸡叫的）喔喔声. (b) (used by and to children 儿语) cock 公鸡.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] very pleased, esp about being successful 得意扬扬（尤指由于成功）: She's cock-a-hoop about getting the job. 她为得到这份工作而自鸣得意./ˌkɒk ə ˈliːkɪ; ˌkɑk ə `likɪ/ n [U] Scottish soup made of chicken boiled with vegetables. （苏格兰的）蔬菜鸡汤.n [U] dawn 黎明: wake at cock-crow 黎明时醒来./ˈkɒk aɪd; `kɑkˌaɪd/ adj (infml 口)  1 not straight or level; crooked 不正的; 不平的; 歪的: That picture on the wall looks cock-eyed to me. 我看墙上那幅画歪了.  2 having a squint; squinting 斜视的; 斜眼看的.3 impractical; absurd 不现实的; 荒唐的: a cock-eyedscheme 荒唐的计划.n fight between (usu two) cocks fitted with sharp metal spurs on their feet, watched as a sport 斗鸡. n [U]./ˈkɒkrəʊtʃ; `kɑkˌrotʃ/ (also roach) n large dark-brown insect that infests kitchens and bathrooms 蟑螂.n (Brit infml 口) act of bungling sth; mess 搞糟; 混乱: She made a complete cock-up of the arrangements. 她把计划安排全弄糟了. * What a cock-up! 一团糟!/kɒˈkeɪd; kɑk`ed/ n piece of ribbon tied in a knot and worn on a hat as a badge 帽子上作为徽章的带结./ˌkɒkəˈtuː; ˌkɑkə`tu/ n (pl ~s) type of parrot with a large crest 凤头鹦鹉; 葵花鹦鹉./ˈkɒktʃeɪfə(r); `kɑkˌtʃefɚ/ (also `may-bug)n large beetle that flies at night with a loud whirring sound and feeds on leaves 金龟（甲虫）.1 hat with the brim turned up on three sides 三角帽（帽檐三面卷起的）.  2 (idm 习语) knock sb/sth into a cocked hat => knock2./ˈkɒkə(r); `kɑkɚ/ n (also ,cocker `spaniel) small spaniel with golden-brown fur （金褐色毛的）西班牙猎鸡狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii./ˈkɒkərəl; `kɑkərəl/ n young cock1(1) not more than one year old （未满一岁的）小公鸡.adv. n [U]./ˈkɒkl; `kɑkl/ n  1 (a) small edible shellfish 鸟蛤（可食的小蛤）. (b) its shell 鸟蛤壳.  2 (also `cockle-shell) small shallow boat 浅底小船.  3 (idm 习语) warm the cockles => warm2./ˈkɒknɪ; `kɑknɪ/ n  1 [C] native of London, esp of the East End of the city 伦敦人（尤指东区人）.  2 [U] dialect spoken by cockneys 伦敦人的方言; 伦敦土话.

adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of cockneys or their dialect 伦敦人的; 伦敦土话的: a cockney accent 伦敦口音 * cockney humour, slang, wit 伦敦人的幽默、俚语、机智./ˈkɒkpɪt; `kɑkˌpɪt/ n  1 compartment for the pilot and crew of an aircraft or a spaceship （飞行器中机组人员的）座舱, 驾驶舱. =>illus at aircraft 见 aircraft 之插图.  2 driver's seat in a racing car （赛车手的）驾驶座.  3 enclosed part of a small yacht containing the wheel （小游艇的）座舱. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图.  4 (a) (formerly) place used for cock-fights （旧时）斗鸡场. (b) place where many battles have been fought （进行过多次战役的）战场: Belgium has been called the cockpit of Europe. 比利时被称作欧洲的战场.=> cock-roach/ˈkɒkskəʊm; `kɑksˌkom/ n red fleshy crest on the head of a cock1(1) （公鸡的）鸡冠./ˌkɒkˈʃɔː(r); <i>US</i> ˌkɒkˈʃʊər; `kɑk`ʃᴜr/ adj ~ (about/of sth) (infml 口) arrogantly or offensively confident 过于自信的: He's so cocksure  I'd love to see him proved wrong. 他过分自信--我倒想看看他栽跟头./ˈkɒkteɪl; `kɑkˌtel/ n  1 [C] alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or spirits mixed with fruit juice, etc 鸡尾酒: [attrib 作定语] a cocktail party 鸡尾酒会.  2 [C, U] dish of seafood or fruit (used esp in the expressions shown) 用海鲜或水果做的菜（尤用于下列示例）: (a) prawn cocktail, ie a mixture of prawns and mayonnaise eaten as a first course 大虾冷盘（用作西餐第一道菜） * (a) fruit cocktail, ie a mixture of small pieces of fruit, usu eaten as a dessert 什锦水果丁（通常作西餐最後的甜食）.  3 [C] (infml 口) any mixture of substances 任何混合物: a lethal cocktail of drugs 致命的混合药物./ˈkɒkɪ; `kɑkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) conceited; arrogant 自高自大的; 趾高气扬的. /ˈkəʊkəʊ; `koko/ n (pl ~s) = coconut palm (coconut)./ˈkəʊkəʊ; `koko/ n (a) [U] dark brown powder made from crushed cacao seeds; powdered chocolate 可可粉; 巧克力粉. (b) [C, U] (cup of a) hot drink made from this with milk or water （一杯）可可与牛奶或水调成的热饮料: a mug of cocoa 一大杯可可./ˈkəʊkənʌt; `kokəˌnʌt/ n (a) [C] large hard-shelled seed of the coconut palm, with an edible white lining and filled with milky juice 椰子. (b) [U] the edible lining of this, often shredded and used to flavour cakes, biscuits, etc 椰子肉; 椰丝; 椰蓉: [attrib 作定语] coconut icing 椰霜.

shy fairground stall where people try to knock coconuts off stands by throwing balls at them 在娱乐场上用球击椰子的游戏摊位.floor covering made from the tough fibre of the coconut's outer husk 用椰壳纤维做的垫子.tropical tree on which coconuts grow 椰树./kəˈkuːn; kə`kun/ n  1 silky covering made by an insect larva to protect itself while it is a chrysalis 茧.  2 any soft protective covering 任何保护性软套: wrapped in a cocoon of blankets 裹在毯子里.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] cover or wrap (sb/sth) in a cocoon 将（某人[某物]）盖在或裹在保护层里: cocooned in luxury 在奢侈的环境中./ˌsiː əʊ ˈdiː; ˌsɪ o `di/  1 (Brit) cash on delivery 货到付款.  2 (US) collect (payment) on delivery 货到收（款）./kɒd; kɑd/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 (also `codfish) [C] large sea fish 鳕.  2 [U] its flesh eaten as food （食用的）鳕鱼肉.n [U] oil obtained from cod livers, rich in vitamins A and D and used as a medicine 鱼肝油./ˈkəʊdə; `kodə/ n (music 音) final passage of a piece of music （乐曲的）尾声./ˈkɒdl; `kɑdl/ v [Tn]  1 treat (sb) with great care and tenderness 悉心照料（某人）: He'll need to be coddled after his illness. 他病後需要悉心照料.  2 cook (eggs) in water just below boiling-point （在刚刚低于沸点的水中）煮（鸡蛋）./kəʊd; kod/ n  1 [C, U] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information briefly 密码; 暗号; 代码; 代号; 电码: a letter in code 密码信 * break/crack (ie decipher) a code 解译[破译]密码 * a `post-code/`postal code. (b) (system of) pre-arranged signals used to send messages by machine 用机器传送的信号（的系统）: ,Morse `code.  2 [C] set of instructions for programming a computer 编码（计算机编制程序的成套指令）.  3 [C] (a) set of laws or rules arranged in a system （系统编排的）法律, 规章, 章程, 法典: the penal `code 刑法 * the highway `code 公路法规. (b) set of moral principles accepted by society or a group of people 道德准则: a code of be`haviour/`honour 行为[社交礼仪]准则 * a code of `practice, ie a set of professional standards agreed on by members of a particular profession 行业规则.

v [Tn] put or write (sth) in code 将（某事物）编成或写成密码、代码或电码等: coded messages 用密码编写的信息./ˈkəʊdiːn; `kodɪˌin/ n [U] drug made from opium, used to relieve pain or help people to sleep 可待因（由鸦片制成的药物, 用以镇痛或安眠）./ˈkəʊdeks; `kodɛks/ n (pl codices/ 5kEUdIsI:z; `kodE9sIz/) handwritten book of ancient texts （古书的）手抄本./ˈkɒdʒə(r); `kɑdʒɚ/ n (infml 口) man, esp an old or peculiar one 男人（尤指老人或古怪的人）: He's a funny old codger. 他这个人可真怪./ˈkəʊdɪsɪl; <i>US</i> ˈkɒdəsl; `kɑdəsl/ n (law 律) later addition to a will, esp one that changes part of it 遗嘱修改附录: She added a codicil to her will just before she died. 她临终前在遗嘱上加了附录./ˌkəʊdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkɒd-; ˌkɑdəfə`keʃən/ n [U]./ˈkəʊdɪfaɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɒdəfaɪ; `kɑdəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] arrange (laws, rules, etc) systematically into a code(3a) 将（法律、规则等）编成法典./ˈkɒdpiːs; `kɑdˌpis/ n (in 15th and 16th century dress) bag or flap covering the opening at the front of a man's breeches （15、16世纪服装）遮阴布（男子短马裤前面的遮袋或遮盖）.n [U] (Brit infml 口) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 废话: He's talking (a load of) codswallop. 他（满口）胡说八道./ˌkəʊˈed; `ko`ɛd/ n (infml 口 esp US) female student at a coeducational school or college （男女合校的）女生.

adj (infml 口) coeducational 男女合校的: Is your school coed? 你们学校是男女合校吗? * a ,coed `school 男女合校的学校./ˌkəʊedʒʊˈkeɪʃn; ˌkoɛdʒə`keʃən/ n [U] education of girls and boys together 男女合校的教育. /-ˈkeɪʃənl; -`keʃənl/ adj./ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃnt; ˌkoə`fɪʃənt/ n  1 (mathematics 数) quantity placed before and multiplying another quantity 系数: In 3xy, 3 is the coefficient of xy. 在3xy中, 3是xy的系数.  2 (physics 物) measure of a particular property of a substance under specified conditions 系数: the coefficient of friction 摩擦系数./kəʊˈɜːs; ko`ɝs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) (fml 文) make sb do sth by using force or threats; compel sb to do sth 强制或胁迫某人做某事: coerce sb into submission 迫使某人屈服 * They were coerced into signing the contract. 他们被迫签了合同./kəʊˈɜːʃn; <i>US</i> -ʒn; ko`ɝʒən/ n [U] coercing or being coerced 强迫; 胁迫; 被迫: He paid the money under coercion. 他被迫付了钱./kəʊˈɜːsɪv; ko`ɝsɪv/ adj using force or threats 强迫的; 胁迫的: coercive methods, measures, tactics, etc 强迫的方法、手段、策略等./ˌkəʊˈiːvl; ko`ivl/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) existing at the same time or having the same age as sb/sth else; contemporary 同年代的; 同时代的; 同年龄的; 同时期的.

n (fml 文) coeval person or thing 同时代的人; 同年代的事物./ˌkəʊɪgˈzɪst; ˌkoɪˇ`zɪst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (a) exist together at the same time or in the same place 同时或同地存在; 共处; 共存. (b) (of opposing countries or groups) exist together without fighting （指对立的国家或集团）和平共处.n [U] coexisting 共处; 共存: peaceful coexistence, ie tolerance of each other by countries, groups, etc with different political systems, beliefs, etc 和平共处./ˈkɒfɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːfɪ; `kɔfɪ/ n  1 [U] (powder obtained by grinding the roasted) seeds of the coffee tree 咖啡豆; 咖啡粉: half a pound of coffee 半磅咖啡 * instant coffee, ie coffee powder that dissolves in boiling water 速溶咖啡 * [attrib 作定语] a coffee cake, ie one flavoured with coffee 咖啡蛋糕.  2 (a) [U] drink made by adding hot water to ground or powdered coffee 咖啡（热饮料）: a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 * make some coffee 煮咖啡. (b) [C] cup of this drink 一杯咖啡: Two black/white coffees, please, ie without/with milk. 请来两杯不加奶的[加奶的]咖啡.  3 [U] colour of coffee mixed with milk; light brown 咖啡色（咖啡加奶的颜色）; 浅褐色: [attrib 作定语] a coffee carpet 咖啡色的地毯.(Brit) place serving coffee, non-alcoholic drinks and snacks 咖啡馆.seed of the coffee tree 咖啡豆.machine for grinding roasted coffee beans 咖啡磨.(US) small restaurant serving coffee and simple meals （供应咖啡和便饭的）小饭馆.tropical shrub on which coffee beans grow 咖啡树.n (formerly) place serving coffee and other refreshments, esp one that was a fashionable meeting-place in 18th century London （旧时）咖啡馆（尤指18世纪伦敦上流社会的）.n small low table 咖啡桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. `coffee-table book large expensive illustrated book, often placed where visitors may look at it 精装大开本画册（常放在客人能看到的地方）./ˈkɒfə(r); `kɔfɚ/ n  1 [C] large strong box for holding money or other valuables; chest 保险柜; 保险箱; 箱子.  2 coffers [pl] (fml 文) store of money; treasury; funds 金库; 资金: The nation's coffers are empty. 国库空虚.  3 [C] (architecture 建) ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling, dome, etc 镶板; 藻井（天花板、圆屋顶等凹陷的装饰镶嵌板）.  4 (also `coffer-dam) [C] watertight structure built or placed round an area of water which can then be pumped dry to allow building work (eg on a bridge) to be done inside it 围堰; 沉箱./ˈkɒfɪn; `kɔfɪn/ n  1 box in which a dead body is buried or cremated 棺材.  2 (idm 习语) a nail in sb's/sth's coffin => nail./kɒg; kɑˇ/  1 each of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel, that fit between those of a similar wheel, so that each wheel can cause the other one to move （齿轮的）轮牙; 轮齿. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) a cog in the ma`chine (infml 口) person who plays a necessary but small part in a large organization or process 不重要的但不可少的人.n (esp US) = rack-railway (rack1).n wheel with teeth round the edge 嵌齿轮. =>illus 见插图./ˈkəʊdʒənsɪ; `kodʒənsɪ/ n [U] (of argu-ments, reasons, etc) quality of being convincing; strength （指论据、道理等的）说服力; 中肯./ˈkəʊdʒənt; `kodʒənt/ adj (of arguments, reasons, etc) convincing; strong （指论据、道理等）令人信服的; 强有力的: He produced cogent reasons for the change of policy. 他对改变政策提出了充分的理由.adv: Her case was cogently argued. 她的案件辩驳得很有说服力./ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt; `kɑdʒəˌtet/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (about/on) sth (fml or joc 文或谑) think deeply about sth 深思某事物; 仔细思考./ˌkɒdʒɪˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑdʒə`teʃən/ n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) thinking deeply 深思; 仔细思考: After much cogitation I have decided to resign. 我经过再三考虑後决定辞职./ˈkɒnjæk; `kɑnjæk/ n (a) [U] (type of) fine brandy made in W France 科尼亚克白兰地酒（法国西部产的精美的白兰地酒）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯科尼亚克白兰地酒./ˈkɒgneɪt; `kɑˇnet/ adj ~ (with sth)  1 (linguistics 语言) (of a word or language) having the same source or origin as another one （指词或语言）同源的: The German word `Haus' is cognate with the English word `house'. 德语的Haus一词和英语的house一词同源. * German and Dutch are cognate languages. 德语和荷兰语为同源语言.  2 having many things in common; related 有许多共同点的; 相关的: Physics and astronomy are cognate sciences. 物理学和天文学是相关联的科学.

n (linguistics 语言) word that is cognate with another 同源词: `Haus' and `house' are cognates. Haus与house为同源词./kɒgˈnɪʃn; kɑˇ`nɪʃən/ n [U] (psychology 心) action or process of acquiring knowledge, by reasoning or by intuition or through the senses 认知; 认识; 认识力./ˈkɒgnɪtɪv; `kɑˇnətɪv/ adj of or relating to cognition 认知的; 有关认识的: a child's cognitive development 儿童认识能力的发展./ˈkɒgnɪzəns; `kɑˇnəzəns/ n [U]  1 (fml 文) knowledge; awareness 知觉; 获知; 认识: have cognizance of sth 认识到某事物.  2 (esp law 尤用于法律) scope or extent of sb's knowledge or concern 审理; 审理权; 审判权: These matters fall within/go beyond the cognizance of this court. 这些问题在本法庭审理范围之内[外].  3 (idm 习语) take cognizance of sth (esp law 尤用于法律) take notice of sth; acknowledge sth officially 注意到某事物; 正式获知某事物; 受理: take cognizance of new evidence 注意到新的证据.adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; aware of sth 知道某事物; 认识某事物./ˌkɒnjəˈʃentɪ; ˌkɑnjə`ʃɛnte/ n (pl co-gnoscenti) (Italian 意) (usu pl 通常作复数) connois- seur 鉴赏家; 鉴别家; 内行; 行家: a restaurant favoured by the cognoscenti 美食家爱光顾的饭馆./kəʊˈhæbɪt; ko`hæbɪt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (fml 文) (usu of an unmarried couple) live together （通常指未婚的双方）同居: They were cohabiting for three years before their marriage. 他们同居了三年才结婚. /ˌkəʊhbɪˈteɪʃn; koˌhæbə`teʃən/ n [U]./kəʊˈhɪə(r); ko`hɪr/ v [I]  1 stick together in a mass or group 粘合; 凝聚. Cf 参看 cohesion 1.  2 (of ideas, reasoning, etc) be connected logically; be con-sistent （指看法、推理等）逻辑上衔接, 前後一致, 连贯./-rəns; -rəns/ (also coherency) n [U] being coherent 连贯性; 一致性. /ˌkəʊˈhɪərənt; ko`hɪrənt/ adj (of ideas, thoughts, speech, reasoning, etc) connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clear （指看法、思想、言语、推理等）有条理的, 前後一致的, 易懂的, 清楚的: a coherent analysis, argument, description, etc 前後一致的分析、论证、描述等 * The Government lacks a coherent economic policy. 政府的经济政策缺乏一致性. * He's not very coherent on the telephone. 他打电话时语无伦次. adv: express one's ideas coherently 条理清楚地表明意见. Cf 参看 incoherent./kəʊˈhiːʒn; ko`hiʒən/ n [U]  1 tendency to stick together; unity 结合; 结合力; 团结: the cohesion of the family unit 家庭成员的团结 * a lack of cohesion 缺乏结合力. Cf 参看 cohere 1.  2 (physics 物) force that causes molecules to stick together 内聚力; 凝聚力./kəʊˈhiːsɪv; ko`hisɪv/ adj (a) tending to stick together 黏合性的; 有结合力的: a cohesive social unit 紧密团结的社团. (b) producing cohesion 产生结合力的; 产生内聚力的: cohesive forces 内聚力. adv. n [U]./ˈkəʊhɔːt; `kohɔrt/ n [CGp]  1 (in the army of ancient Rome) each of the ten units forming a legion （古罗马军队的）步兵大队（军团的十分之一）.  2 number of people banded together 一群人; 一帮人./ˌsiː əʊ ˈaɪ; ˌsi o `aɪ/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Central Office of Information 中央新闻署./kɔɪf; kɔɪf/ n (formerly) close-fitting cap covering the top, back and sides of the head （旧时）科伊夫帽（覆盖着头的顶部、後部及两侧的紧帽）./kwɑːˈfɜː(r); ˌkwɑ`fɝ/ (fem 阴性作 coiffeuse/kwB:`f\:z; kwB`f[z/) n (French 法) hairdresser 理发师./kwɑːˈfjʊə(r); kwɑ`fjᴜr/ n (French 法) way in which (esp a woman's) hair is arranged; hairstyle 发式（尤指女子的）; 发型./kɔɪl; kɔɪl/ v [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (oneself/sth) round sth/up wind or twist (oneself/sth) into a continuous circular or spiral shape 将（自己[某物]）卷或盘成圈或螺旋形: The snake coiled (itself) round the branch. 蛇（把身体）盘绕在树枝上. * coil (up) a length of rope, flex, wire, etc 卷（起）一段绳子、花线、金属丝等.

n  1 length of rope, etc wound into a series of loops 缠成许多圈的绳子等: a coil of flex 一盘花线.  2 single ring or loop of rope, etc （绳等的）环, 圈: the thick coils of a python 盘卷着的大蟒 * a coil of hair 发圈.  3 length of coated wire wound in a spiral to conduct an electric current 线圈.  4 = intra-uterine device (intra-uterine)./kɔɪn; kɔɪn/ n  1 (a) [C] piece of metal used as money 硬币: two gold coins 两枚金币 * a handful of coins 一把硬币. (b) [U] money made of metal 硬币: 5 in coin  5英镑的硬币.  2 (idm 习语) the other side of the coin => side1. pay sb in his own/the same coin => pay2.

v  1 [Tn] (a) make (coins) by stamping metal （冲压金属）制造（硬币）. (b) make (metal) into coins 将（金属）制成硬币.  2 [Tn] invent (a new word or phrase) 创造（新词语）: coin words for new products 为新产品创造新词.  3 (idm 习语) `coin it/money (infml 口) earn a lot of money easily or quickly 赚大钱; 发大财. to coin a `phrase (a) (used to introduce a new expression, or a well-known expression that one has changed slightly 采用一新词语或略改动一现成词语时, 可用此短语作引子). (b) (ironic 反语) (used to apologize for using a well-known expression rather than an original one 因无创意而使用一现成词语时, 用此短语自嘲)./ˈkɔɪnɪdʒ; `kɔɪnɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] (a) making coins 造硬币. (b) coins made 所造的硬币.  2 [U] system of coins in use （现行的）硬币币制: decimal coinage 十进位硬币币制.  3 (a) [U] inventing of a new word or phrase 创造新词语. (b) [C] newly invented word or phrase 新创的词语: I haven't heard that expression before  is it a recent coinage? 我以前从未听到过这个词语--是最近新造的吗?/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd; ˌkoɪn`saɪd/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth)  1 (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else （指事情）同时发生: Her arrival coincided with our departure. 她来到时我们正好离开. * Our holidays don't coincide. 我们的假期不在同一时间.  2 (of two or more objects) occupy the same amount of space （指至少两个物体）占据同一空间.  3 be identical or very similar to sth else 与他事物相符或极相似: Their stories coincided. 他们的叙述一致. * Her taste in music coincides with her husband's/Their tastes in music coincide. 她在音乐方面的爱好与她丈夫一致[他们在音乐方面的爱好一致]./kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns; ko`ɪnsədəns/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of the) occurrence of similar events or circumstances at the same time by chance 巧合（的事）: `I'm going to Paris next week.' `What a coincidence! So am I.' ｀我准备下周去巴黎. ＇｀真巧! 我也去.＇ * By a strange coincidence we happened to be travelling on the same train. 巧得出奇, 我们正好坐同一列火车. * The plot of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic. 这部小说的情节多靠巧合安排而无真实感.  2 [U] coinciding of events, tastes, stories, etc （事情、口味、故事等）相合, 符合, 一致./kəʊˈɪnsɪdənt; ko`ɪnsədənt/ adj (fml 文) happening at the same time by chance 巧合的./kəʊˌɪnsɪˈdentl; koˌɪnsə`dɛntl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] resulting from coincidence 由巧合造成: The similarity between these two essays is too great to be coincidental, ie One must have been copied from the other. 这两篇文章雷同的地方很多, 并非巧合所致（一定是一篇抄袭另一篇）. adv./ˈkɔɪə(r); kɔɪr/ n [U] fibre from the outer husk of coconuts, used for making ropes, matting etc 椰子外壳纤维（用以编绳、席等）./ˈkəʊɪtl; `koətəl/ adj./ˈkəʊɪtəs; `koɪtəs/ (also coition/ kEU5IFn; ko`IFEn/) n [U] (medical or fml 医或文) sexual intercourse 性交. /kəʊk; kok/ n [U] black substance remaining after coal gas and coal tar have been removed from coal, used as a fuel 焦炭; 焦煤: [attrib 作定语] a coke furnace 炼焦炉.

v [Tn] convert (coal) into coke 将（煤）制成焦炭.

/kəʊk; kok/ n [U] (sl 俚) cocaine 可卡因./kəʊk; kok/ n [C, U] (propr infml 专利名, 口) = Coca-Cola.abbr 缩写 = Colonel: Col (Terence) Lloyd （特伦斯）劳埃德上校./kɒl; kɑl/ n pass in a mountain range 山口./ˈkəʊlə; `kolə/ n  1 [C] W African tree 可乐果树（生长于西非洲）.  2 [U] carbonated non-alcoholic drink flavoured with the seeds of this tree 可乐饮料.n seed of the cola tree, used as a flavouring or chewed 可乐树的坚果（作调味或咀嚼用）./ˈkʌləndə(r); `kʌləndɚ/ n metal or plastic bowl with many small holes in it, used to drain water from vegetables, etc, esp after cooking 滤盆; 滤锅; 漏勺./kəʊld; kold/ adj (-er, -est)  1 of low temperature, esp when compared to the temperature of the human body 冷的; 寒冷的: feel cold 觉得冷 * have cold hands, feet, ears, etc 冰凉的手、脚、耳等 * a cold bath, climate, day, house, room, wind, winter 冷水浴、寒冷的气候、冷天、寒冷的房屋、冰凉的房间、冷风、寒冷的冬天 * cold weather, water 寒冷的天气、冷水 * It/The weather is getting colder. 天[天气]渐冷了. Cf 参看 hot, warm1.  2 (of food or drink) not heated; having cooled after being heated or cooked （指食物或饮料）未加热的; 已 冷却的: Would you like tea or a cold drink? 你喜欢要茶还是要冷饮? * have cold meat and salad for supper 晚饭吃凉肉和色拉 * Don't let your dinner get cold, ie Eat it while it is still warm. 不要让饭凉了（趁热吃）.  3 (a) (of a person, his manner, etc) without friendliness, kindness or enthusiasm; without emotion （指人、态度等）不友好的; 不和气的; 不热情的; 冷淡的: a cold look, stare, welcome, reception, etc 冷淡的表情、目光、迎接、接待等 * cold fury, ie violent anger kept under control 强忍住的怒火. (b) sexually unresponsive; frigid 无性欲反应的; 性冷感的.  4 suggesting coldness; creating an impression of coldness 显示出寒冷的; 产生冷的印象的: a cold grey colour 冷灰色 * cold skies 令人有寒冷感觉的天空.  5 (in children's games) not close to finding a hidden object, the correct answer, etc （儿童游戏中）远离隐藏物的, 远未猜中的.  6 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) unconscious (used esp in the expression shown) 无知觉（尤用于下列示例）: knock sb (out) cold 击昏某人.  7 [pred 作表语] dead 死.  8 (idm 习语) blow hot and cold => blow1. ,cold `comfort thing that offers little or no consolation 不起（什么）安慰作用的事物: After losing my job it was cold comfort to be told I'd won the office raffle. 我失去工作以後, 听说我抽中了公司的奖券, 有同画饼. a ,cold `fish (derog 贬) person who shows no emotion or is very aloof 无热情的人; 冷漠的人. ,cold `turkey (sl 俚 esp US) (a) way of treating a drug addict by suddenly stopping all his doses of the drug instead of gradually reducing them 使有毒瘾者突然停用毒品而不是逐渐减少剂量的处理方法. (b) frank statement of the truth, often about sth unpleasant 直言不讳; 照实说: talk cold turkey to/with sb 对[与]某人直言不讳. get/have cold `feet (infml 口) become/be afraid or reluctant to do sth (esp sth risky or dangerous) 临阵退缩或胆怯: He got cold feet at the last minute. 他事到临头却退缩了. give sb/get the cold `shoulder treat sb/be treated in a deliberately unfriendly way 故意冷落某人. in cold `blood without feeling pity or remorse; deliberately and callously 残忍地; 蓄意地; 冷酷地: kill, murder, shoot, etc sb in cold blood 残忍地将某人杀死、谋杀、射杀等. leave sb cold => leave1. make sb's blood run cold => blood1. pour/throw cold `water on sth be discouraging or unenthusiastic about sth 对某事物泼冷水（泄气或不热心）: pour cold water on sb's plans, ideas, hopes, etc 对某人的计划、主意、希望泼冷水.

/kəʊld; kold/ n  1 [U] lack of heat or warmth; low temperature (esp in the atmosphere) 冷; 寒冷: shiver with cold 冻得发抖 * the heat of summer and the cold of winter 夏暑冬寒 * Don't stand outside in the cold. 不要站在外面冻着. * She doesn't seem to feel the cold. 她似乎不觉得冷.  2 [C, U] infectious illness of the nose or throat or both, with catarrh, sneezing, coughing, etc 伤风; 感冒: a bad, heavy, slight cold 严重、重、轻感冒 * have a cold in the head/on the chest 患伤风头疼[伤风咳嗽] * catch (a) cold 患感冒.  3 (idm 习语) (leave sb/be) ,out in the `cold excluded from a group or an activity; ignored 被排斥在某集体或某项活动之外的; 不被理睬的: When the coalition was formed, the Communists were left out in the cold. 各党形成联盟时, 共产党人被排斥在外.chisel used to cut cold metal 冷凿, 冷錾（凿冷金属的凿子或錾子）.ointment for cleansing and softening the skin 冷霜; 润肤膏.(esp US) cooked meat, sliced and served cold （冷吃的）肉片.small glass-covered frame used to protect young plants 冷床, 阳畦（用以保护幼小植物的小玻璃罩）.sudden short period of cold weather （突然的短时间的）冷天气; 骤冷; 乍冷.(infml 口) cluster of painful blisters near or in the mouth, caused by a virus 唇疹.storing of things in a refrigerated place to preserve them 冷藏: (fig 比喻) put a plan, an idea, etc into cold storage, ie decide not to use it immediately but to reserve it for later 将计划、主意等搁置起来（决定暂时不用而保留备用）.state in which sb sweats and feels cold at the same time, caused by fear or illness 冷汗: be in a cold sweat (about sth) （为某事物）出一身冷汗.state of hostility between nations involving the use of propaganda, threats and economic pressure but no actual fighting 冷战: [attrib 作定语] cold-war attitudes, diplomacy, rhetoric 冷战的态度、外交、辞令./-ˈblʌdɪd; -`blʌdɪd/ adj  1 (biology 生) having a blood temperature which varies with the temperature of the surroundings 冷血的（血液温度随环境温度的高低而改变的）: Reptiles are cold-blooded. 爬行动物是冷血的.  2 (derog 贬) (of people or actions) without pity; cruel （指人或行动）无情的, 残酷的: a cold-blooded murderer, murder 残忍的谋杀者、谋杀./-ˈhɑːtɪd; -`hɑrtɪd/ adj without sympathy or kindness; unkind 无同情心的; 无仁慈心的; 无情的.v [Tn] be deliberately unfriendly to (sb); snub 冷淡, 慢待（某人）; 冷落.adv in an unfriendly or unenthusiastic way 不友好地; 冷淡地: stare coldly at sb 冷冷地盯着某人.n [U] state of being cold 寒冷; 冷淡: his coldness (ie unfriendly manner) towards her 他对她的冷淡态度./ˈkəʊlslɔː; `kolˌslɔ/ n [U] finely shredded raw cabbage mixed with dressing(3) and eaten as a salad 凉拌洋白菜丝./ˈkɒlɪk; `kɑlɪk/ n [U] severe pain in the abdomen, suffered esp by babies 绞痛（尤指婴儿患的）.adj of, like or suffering from colic （似）绞痛的; 患绞痛的./kəˈlaɪtɪs; kə`laɪtɪs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammationof the lining of the colon1 结肠炎./kəˈlæbəreɪt; kə`læbəˌret/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (with sb) (on sth) work together (with sb), esp to create or produce sth （与某人）合作; 协作（尤指创造或生产某事物）: She collaborated with her sister/She and her sister collaborated on a biography of their father. 她和姐姐合作写父亲的传记.  2 ~ (with sb) (derog 贬) help enemy forces occupying one's country 通敌; 勾结敌人: He was suspected of collaborating (with the enemy). 怀疑他（与敌人）勾结./kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn; kəˌlæbə`reʃən/ n [U]  1 ~ (with sb) (on sth); ~ (between A and B) collaborating (collaborate 1) 合作; 协作: She wrote the book in collaboration with her sister, ie They wrote it together. 她和姐姐合作写成此书.  2 ~ (with sb) helping enemy forces occupying one's country 通敌./kəˈlæbəreɪtə(r); kə`læbəˌretɚ/ person who collaborates 合作者; 协作者; 通敌者./ˈkɒlɑːʒ; <i>US</i> kəˈlɑːʒ; kə`lɑʒ/ n [C, U] (picture made by) fixing pieces of paper, cloth, photographs, etc to a surface （用纸片、布片、照片等碎片）拼贴; 拼贴画./kəˈlæps; kə`læps/ v  1 [I] (break into pieces and) fall down or in suddenly （破碎并）突然倒塌, 坍塌, 塌陷: The whole building collapsed. 整个建筑倒塌了. * The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 雪把房顶压塌了. * The wind caused the tent to collapse. 风把帐篷吹塌了.  2 [I, Ipr] (of a person) fall down (and usu become unconscious) because of illness, tiredness, etc （指人）晕倒（因病、累等）: He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital. 他在大街上晕倒, 在送往医院途中死去. * collapse in a heap on the floor 晕倒在地板上.  3 [I] (a) fail suddenly or completely; break down 突然或完全垮下; 失败; 衰退: His health collapsed under the pressure of work. 他的身体被工作压垮了. * The enterprise collapsed through lack of support. 该企业因无力支持而倒闭. * Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 资方和工会的谈判失败了. (b) be defeated or destroyed 被击败; 被摧毁: All opposition to the scheme has collapsed. 对这一计划的反对意见都已驳倒.  4 [I] (of prices, currencies, etc) suddenly decrease in value （指价格、货币等）突然降价; 暴跌: Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. 交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌.  5 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) fold into a compact shape （使某物）摺叠或套缩: a chair that collapses for easy storage 为便于存放而摺叠起来的椅子.  6 [I, Tn] (cause a lung or blood vessel to) become a flattened mass （指肺或血管）（使）萎陷: a collapsed lung 萎陷的肺.

n [sing]  1 sudden fall; collapsing 突然倒 下; 倒塌; 坍塌: the collapse of the building, roof, bridge, etc 建筑物、房顶、桥梁等的倒塌.  2 failure; breakdown 垮下; 失败; 崩溃: the collapse of negotiations, sb's health, law and order 谈判破裂、身体垮掉、法治败坏 * The economy is in a state of (total) collapse. 经济处于（完全）崩溃状态.  3 sudden decrease in value 暴跌: the collapse of share prices, the dollar, the market 股票价格、美元、市场价格暴跌.adj that can be folded into a compact shape 可摺叠成紧凑形状的; 可套缩的: a collapsible bicycle, boat, chair 可摺叠的自行车、小艇、椅子./ˈkɒlə(r); `kɑlɚ/ n  1 band, upright or folded over, round the neck of a shirt, coat, dress, etc 衣领: turn one's collar up against the wind, ie to keep one's neck warm 竖起领子挡风 * grab sb by the collar 抓住某人的领子 * [attrib 作定语] What is your collar size? 你的衣领尺寸是多少? * a stiff collar, ie a starched detachable one, worn with a shirt 硬领（浆过的可卸下的领子）. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图.  2 band of leather, metal, etc put round an animal's (esp a dog's) neck 戴在动物（尤指狗）颈部的项圈: Our dog has its name on its collar. 我们的狗的项圈上有它的名字.  3 metal band or ring joining two pipes, rods or shafts, esp in a machine （连接两条管、杆或轴的）圈; 箍（尤指机器中的）.  4 (idm 习语) hot under the collar => hot.

v [Tn] (a) seize (sb) by the collar; capture 揪住（某人）的领子; 捉住; 拉住: The policeman collared the thief. 警察把小偷捉住了. * (infml 口) She collared me (ie stopped me in order to talk to me) as I was leaving the building. 我正要离开大楼时, 她把我拉住了（和我谈话）. (b) (dated infml 旧, 口) take (sth) without permission 未经允许拿走（某物）; 窃取; 偷走: Who's collared my pen? 谁拿走我的钢笔了?n bone joining the breastbone and the shoulder-blade 锁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.n small piece of metal or plastic for fastening a detachable collar to a shirt （可将活领子扣在衬衫上的）领扣./kəˈleɪt; kə`let/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/~ A with B examine and compare (two books, manuscripts, etc) in order to find the differences between them 核对, 校对（书、底稿等）: collate a new edition with an earlier one 将新版本与旧版本进行核对.  2 [Tn] collect together and arrange (information, pages of a book, etc) in the correct order 检点并整理（书页等）./kəˈlætərəl; kə`lætərəl/ adj  1 side by side; parallel 并排的; 平行的; 并行的.  2 connected but less important; additional 有关的（但为次要的）; 附属的; 附带的; 附加的: collateral evidence 旁证 * a collateral aim 附带的目的.  3 descended from the same ancestor, but by a different line 同一祖先而不同支的; 旁系的: a collateral branch of the family 这家族的旁支.

n [U] (also collateral security) property pledged as a guarantee for the repayment of a loan 抵押物; 担保品: The bank will insist on collateral for a loan of that size. 银行对这样的大笔贷款一定要有抵押物./kəˈleɪʃn; kə`leʃən/ n [U] action of collating 核对; 整理.

/kəˈleɪʃn; kə`leʃən/ n (fml 文) light meal, esp at an unusual time 小吃: a cold collation 冷餐./ˈkɒliːg; `kɑliˇ/ n person with whom one works, esp in a profession or business 同事; 同僚: the Prime Minister's Cabinet colleagues 首相的内阁同僚 * David is a colleague of mine/David and I are colleagues. 戴维是我的同事[戴维和我是同事]./kəˈlekt; kə`lɛkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/together) bring or gather sth together 收集; 搜集; 凑集: collect (up) the empty glasses, dirty plates, waste paper 收集空瓶、脏碟、废纸 * collect together one's belongings 收拾起自己的东西 * the collected works of Dickens, ie a series of books containing everything he wrote 狄更斯全集.  2 [I] come together; assemble or accumulate; gather 聚集; 召集; 积累; 集合; 齐集: A crowd soon collected at the scene of the accident. 群众迅速聚集在出事现场. * Dust had collected on the window-sill. 窗台上积了灰尘.  3 [I, Tn] obtain (money, contributions, etc) from a number of people or places 募捐; 募集; 徵集: He's collecting (money) for famine relief. 他正在为赈济饥民募捐. * The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting income tax. 税务局负责徵收所得税.  4 [Tn] obtain specimens of (sth) as a hobby or for study 搜集（某物）的样品（作为爱好或为了研究）; 采集标本: collect stamps, old coins, matchboxes, first editions 搜集邮票、硬币、火柴盒、初版物.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] call for and take away (sb/sth); fetch 领走, 带走（某人）; 拿走, 取走, 收走（某物）: The dustmen collect the rubbish once a week. 垃圾工每周运走一次垃圾. * collect a child from school 从学校接回孩子 * collect a suit from the cleaners 从洗衣店取回衣服.  6 [Tn] regain or recover control of (oneself, one's thoughts, etc) 使（自己）镇定; 使（思想）集中: collect oneself after a shock 受惊之後镇定下来 * collect one's thoughts before an interview 面试之前先定定神儿.  7 (idm 习语) collect/gather one's wits => wit.

adj, adv (US) (of a telephone call) to be paid for by the receiver （指打电话）由受话人付钱（的）: a collect call 受话人付款的电话 * call sb collect, ie transfer the charge 给某人打电话由受话人付款.

/ˈkɒlekt; `kɑlɛkt/ n (in the Anglican or the Roman Catholic Church) short prayer, usu to be read on a particular day （英国国教或天主教的）短祈祷文.adj [pred 作表语] in control of oneself; calm (used esp in the expression shown) 镇定, 镇静, 冷静, 泰然自若（尤用于以下示例）: She always stays cool, calm and collected in a crisis. 她在危难时总是很冷静、镇定如常、泰然自若. adv./kəˈlekʃn; kə`lɛkʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) collecting (collect1 5) sth 拿走、取走或收走某物: There are two collections a day from this letter-box, ie The postman empties it twice a day. 这个信筒每天收信两次（邮递员每天取走两次）. * The council is responsible for refuse collection. 市政局负责清除垃圾废物.  2 [C] group of objects that have been collected (collect1 4) systematically 一系列搜集物; 收藏品: a fine collection of paintings, eg in an art gallery 精美的绘画收藏品（如在美术馆中） * a stamp, coin, record, etc collection 邮票、硬币、唱片等的收藏品 * a collection of poems, ie a group of poems published in one volume 诗集.  3 [C] range of new clothes, etc offered for sale by a designer or manufacturer 时装展销: You are invited to view our autumn collection. 秋装展销, 敬请光临.  4 [C] (a) collecting (collect1 3) of money during a church service or a meeting （在教堂礼拜或聚会期间的）募捐: The collection will be taken (up)/made after the sermon. 教堂讲道之後将进行募捐. * a collection for famine relief 赈济饥民的募捐. (b) sum of money collected in this way 募捐的钱: a large collection 大批捐款.  5 [C] heap or pile of objects; group of people 成堆物品; 人群: a collection of junk, rubbish, etc 一堆废旧物品、垃圾等 * an odd collection of people 一群稀奇古怪的人./kəˈlektɪv; kə`lɛktɪv/ adj of, by or relating to a group or society as a whole; joint; shared 集体的; 整个社会的; 共同的; 共有的: collective action, effort, guilt, responsibility, wisdom 集体的行动、努力、罪责、责任、智慧 * collective leadership, ie government by a grouprather than an individual 集体领导. Cf 参看 individual 2.

n  1 (a) [C] organization or enterprise (esp a farm) owned and controlled by the people who work in it 集体组织; 集体企业; （尤指）集体农场: a workers' collective 工人的集体组织. (b) [CGp] these people as a group 集体.  2 [C] = collective noun.negotiation (about pay, working conditions, etc) between a trade union and an employer 劳资双方（关于工资、工作条件等）的集体谈判.(esp in Communist countries) farm or group of farms owned by the State and run by the workers （尤指共产主义国家的）集体农场或农庄.(grammar) noun that is singular in form but can refer to a number of people or things and agree with a plural verb 集合名词（形式上为单数而意为复数的名词, 要求与复数动词一致）: `Flock' and `committee' are collective nouns.  flock和committee都是集合名词.ownership of land, the means of production, etc by all the members of a community for the benefit of everyone 集体所有制.adv.=> collectivization=> collectivize/-ɪzəm; -ɪzəm/ n [U] theory advocating the ownership and control of land and the means of production by the whole community or by the State, for the benefit of everyone 集体主义. n, adj./kəˌlektɪvaɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -vɪˈz-; kəˌlɛktəvə`zeʃən/ n [U]./kəˈlektɪvaɪz; kə`lɛktɪˌvaɪz/ v [Tn] change (farms, industries, land, etc) from private ownership to ownership by the State 使（农场、工业、土地等）集体化, 国有化. /kəˈlektə(r); kə`lɛktɚ/ n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who collects (collect1 4) things 收集人; 收藏家: a `stamp-collector * a `tax-collector * a `ticket-collector, eg at a railway station.thing worth putting in a collection because of its beauty, rarity, etc 值得收集的物品./ˈkɒliːn; `kɑlin/ n (Irish 爱尔兰) young woman; girl 少女; 姑娘; 女孩儿./ˈkɒlɪdʒ; `kɑlɪdʒ/ n  1 [C, U] institution for higher education or professional training 学院; 职业学校: a college of further education, ie providing educationaland vocational courses for adults 进修学院 * the Royal College of Art 皇家艺术学院 * a secretarial college 秘书学校 * Our daughter is going to college (ie starting a course of study at a university or a college) in the autumn. 我们的女儿秋天就要上大学了. * She's at (ie studying at) college. 她在大学读书. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1.  2 (a) [C] (in Britain) any of a number of independent institutions within certain universities, each having its own teachers, students and buildings （英国）某些大学内独立的学院: the Oxford and Cambridge colleges 牛津和剑桥的学院 * New College, Oxford 牛津新学院. (b) (in the US) university, or part of one, offering undergraduate courses （美国）大学; （大学中的）学院.  3 [C, U] building or buildings of a college(2) 学院的建筑物: Are you living in college? 你住在学院里吗? * [attrib 作定语] a college chapel 学院附属教堂.  4 [CGp] staff and/or students of a college(1) 学院的职员或学生或全体师生员工.  5 [C] (Brit) (in names) school （用作名称）学校: Eton College 伊顿学院.  6 [C] organized group of professional people with particular aims, duties or privileges 有某种目的、责任或特权的专业人员的组织; 学会; 社团: the Royal College of Surgeons 皇家外科医生学会 * the College of Cardinals, ie the whole group of them, esp as advisers and electors of the Pope （天主教）枢机主教团; （尤指）红衣主教团./kəˈliːdʒɪət; kə`lidʒɪət/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of or relating to a college or its students 学院的; 学院学生的.  2 consisting of or having colleges 由学院组成的; 有学院的: Oxford is a collegiate university. 牛津是由学院组成的大学./kəˈlaɪd; kə`laɪd/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth)  1 (of moving objects or people) strike violently against sth or each other （指运动中的物体或人）猛撞某物或互撞: As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车转过拐角时与客货车相撞. * The bus and the van collided. 公共汽车与客货车相撞. * The ships collided in the fog. 轮船在雾中相撞.  2 (of people, aims, opinions, etc) be in disagreement or opposition; conflict （指人、目的、意见等）不一致或相反; 冲突: The interests of the two countries collide. 两国的利益发生冲突./ˈkɒlɪ; `kɑlɪ/ n sheep-dog with shaggy hair and a long pointed muzzle 柯利牧羊狗（毛粗, 嘴长而尖）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii./ˈkɒlɪə(r); `kɑljɚ/ n (esp Brit)  1 coal-miner 煤矿工人.  2 ship that carries coal as its cargo 运煤船./ˈkɒlɪərɪ; `kɑljərɪ/ n (esp Brit) coal-mine with its buildings 煤矿及其建筑物./kəˈlɪʒn; kə`lɪʒən/ n [C, U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B)  1 (instance of) one object or person striking against another; (instance of) colliding; crash （物与物或人与人）相撞, 碰撞, 撞坏: a (head-on) collision between two cars 两车（迎头）相撞 * The liner was in collision (ie collided) with an oil-tanker. 客轮与油轮相撞. * The two ships were in/came into collision. 两艘轮船相撞.  2 strong disagreement; conflict or clash of opposing aims, ideas, opinions, etc 抵触; （相反的目的、看法、意见等的）冲突: Her political activities brought her into collision with the law. 她的政治活动触犯了法律.course or action that is certain to lead to a collision with sb/sth 必然与某人[某事物]相冲突的进程或行动: The Government and the unions are on a collision course. 政府和工会必将发生冲突./ˈkɒləkeɪt; `kɑləˌket/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (linguistics 语言) (of words) be regularly used together in a language; combine （指词语）经常一起使用; 搭配; 配合: `Weak' collocates with `tea' but `feeble' does not. weak可与tea搭配, 而feeble则不可. * `Weak' and `tea' collocate. weak可与tea相搭配./ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃn; ˌkɑlə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] collocating （词语的）搭配, 相配.  2 [C] regular combination of words 经常搭配着用的词语: `Strong tea' and `by accident' are English collocations.  strong tea与by accident是英语经常搭配的词组./kəˈləʊkwɪəl; kə`lokwɪəl/ adj (of words, phrases, etc) belonging to or suitable for normal conversation but not formal speech or writing （指词语等）口语的, 口头的. Cf 参看 informal, slang.n colloquial word or phrase 口语的词语: The phrase `on the blink' in the sentence `The radio's on the blink' (ie not working properly) is a colloquialism. 在 The radio's on the blink（收音机坏了）一句中的 on the blink（坏了）这一词组是口语用语./-kwɪəlɪ; -kwɪəlɪ/ adv./ˈkɒləkwɪ; `kɑləkwɪ/ n [C, U] (fml 文) conversation 交谈; 会谈./kəˈluːd; kə`lud/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) plot or conspire to deceive or cheat others 阴谋或密谋欺骗他人./kəˈluːʒn; kə`luʒən/ n [U] ~ (with sb); ~ (between sb and sb) (fml 文) secret agreement or co-operation between two or more people with the aim of deceiving or cheating others 勾结; 串通共谋: There was collusion between the two witnesses, eg They gave the same false evidence to protect the defendant. 两个证人串通一气（如两人作同样伪证包庇被告）. * She acted in collusion with the other witness. 她与另一证人串通一气. /kəˈluːsɪv; kə`lusɪv/ adj./ˈkɒlɪwɒblz; `kɑlɪˌwɑblz/ n [pl] (infml 口)  1 pain or rumbling in the stomach 肚子痛或咕噜咕噜响.  2 feeling of fear or nervousness 害怕; 紧张不安: have an attack of (the) collywobbles 有害怕的感觉.n supporter of colonialism 殖民主义者./kəˈləʊn; kə`lon/ n [U] = eau-de-Cologne./ˈkəʊlən; `kolən/ n lower part of the large intestine 结肠. =>illus at digestive 见digestive之插图.

/ˈkəʊlən; `kolən/ n punctuation mark (:) used in writing and printing to show that what follows is an example, list or summary of what precedes it, or a contrasting idea 冒号（:）. =>App 3 见附录3. Cf 参看 semicolon./ˈkɜːnl; `kɝnl/ n (a) army officer between the ranks of lieutenant-colonel and brigadier, commanding a regiment （陆军）上校. (b) officer of similar rank in the US air force （美国空军）上校. =>App 9 见附录9./kəˈləʊnɪəl; kə`lonɪəl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 of, relating to or possessing a colony(1a) or colonies 殖民地的; 占有殖民地的: France was once a colonial power. 法国一度是占有殖民地的强国. * Kenya was under (British) colonial rule for many years. 肯尼亚曾多年受（英国）殖民统治.  2 (esp US) in a style of architecture typical of a colony, esp that used in the British colonies in N America in the 17th and 18th centuries 典型的殖民地建筑风格的（尤指于17和18世纪在北美的英国殖民地所采用的）: colonial residences in New England 在新英格兰的有殖民地建筑风格的住宅 * a colonial-style ranch 殖民地建筑式的大牧场.

n person living in a colony who is not a member of the native population 住在殖民地而非土著的人.n [U] policy of acquiring colonies and keeping them dependent 殖民主义; 殖民政策. => colonization=> colonize/ˈkɒlənɪst; `kɑlənɪst/ n person who settles in an area and colonizes it 移居并开拓殖民地的人; 殖民者./ˌkɒlənaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪ`z-;ˌkɑlənə`zeʃən/ n [U] colonizing or being colonized 殖民地化; 被殖民地化: the colonization of N America by the British and French. 英国和法国对北美洲的殖民地化./ˈkɒlənaɪz; `kɑləˌnaɪz/ v [Tn] establish a colony in (an area); establish (an area) as a colony 在（一地区）建立殖民地; 把（某地区）开拓为殖民地: Britain colonized many parts of Africa. 英国在非洲开拓了许多殖民地. * Britain was colonized by the Romans. 不列颠曾沦为罗马人的殖民地./ˌkɒləˈneɪd; ˌkɑlə`ned/ n row of columns, usu with equal spaces between them and often supporting a roof, etc 列柱; 柱廊./ˌkɒləˈneɪdɪd; ˌkɑlə`nedɪd/ adj having a colonnade 有柱廊的./ˈkɒlənɪ; `kɑlənɪ/ n  1 (a) [C] country or area settled or conquered by people from another country and controlled by that country 殖民地: a former British colony, eg Australia 前英国殖民地（如澳大利亚）. Cf 参看 protectorate 1. (b) [CGp] group of people who settle in a colony 移居到殖民地的人群.  2 [CGp] (a) group of people from a foreign country living in a particular city or country 移民群体; 侨民群体: the American colony in Paris 巴黎的美国人区. (b) group of people with the same occupation, interest, etc living together in the same place 住在同一地方有相同职业、兴趣等的人群: an artists' colony 聚居的艺术家 * a nudist colony 裸体者群.  3 [CGp] (biology 生) group of animals or plants living or growing in the same place （生活或生长在同一地方的动物或植物的）群, 集群, 群体: a colony of ants 蚁群 * a seal colony 海豹群.(US) = colour./ˌkɒlərəˈtʊərə; ˌkɑlərə`tᴜrə/ n  1 [U] elaborateor ornamental passages in vocal music （声乐中的）花腔.  2 [C] (also coloratura soprano) female singer who specializes in singing such passages 花腔女高音歌手./kəˈlɒsl; kə`lɑsl/ adj very large; immense; huge 巨大的; 广大的; 庞大的: a colossal building, man, price, amount 巨大的建筑物、巨人、高价、庞大数量./kəˈlɒsəs; kə`lɑsəs/ n (pl -lossi/ -5lCsaI;-`lBsaI/ or  ~es/ -5lCsEsIz; -`lBsEsIz/)  1 statue much larger than life size （远超于实体的）塑像; 巨像.  2 person or thing of very great size, importance, ability, etc 非常巨大、重要、有能量等的人或事物: Mozart is a colossus among composers. 莫札特是作曲家中的巨匠./ˈkʌlə(r); `kʌlɚ/ n  1 (a) [U] visible quality that objects have, produced by rays of light of different wavelengths being reflected by them 颜色: The garden was a mass of colour. 花园中五彩缤纷. * You need more colour in this room. 你这房间的色调需要丰富些. (b) [C] particular type of this （某种）颜色: Red, orange, green and purple are all colours. 红、橙、绿、紫都是颜色. * `What colour is the sky?' `It's blue.' ｀天空是什么颜色的?＇｀是蓝的. ＇ * a sky the colour of lead, ie a grey sky 像铅一样颜色的天空（灰色天空）.  2 (a) [C, U] substance (eg paint or dye) used to give colour to sth 颜料（如油漆、染料）: paint in `water-colour(s) 水彩画 * use plenty of bright colour in a painting 画中使用了大量鲜艳的颜色. (b) [U] use of all colours, not only black and white 彩色: Is the film in colour or black and white? 这胶卷是彩色的还是黑白的? * [attrib 作定语] colour photography, television, printing 彩色摄影术、电视、印刷.  3 [U] redness of the face, usu regarded as a sign of good health (used esp as in the expressions shown) 脸色, 气色（尤用于以下示例）: He has very little colour, ie is very pale. 他脸色不好（苍白）. * change colour, ie become paler or redder than usual 变脸色（变得较平常苍白或红润） * lose colour, ie become paler 失去红润 * She has a high colour, ie a very red complexion. 她气色很好. * The fresh air brought colour to her cheeks. 因空气新鲜, 她双颊红润.  4 [U] colour of the skin as a racial characteristic 肤色（作为种族特徵）: be discriminated against on account of one's colour/on grounds of colour 因为肤色[由于肤色]的关系受到歧视 * [attrib 作定语] colour prejudice 不同肤色的种族偏见.  5 colours [pl] coloured badge, ribbon, clothes, etc worn to show one is a member of a particular team, school, political party, etc or worn by a racehorse to show who owns it 彩色徽章、绶带、衣物等（用以表示为某队、校、政党等的成员由参赛的马披戴作其主人的标识）.  6 colours [pl] (Brit) award given to a regular or outstanding member of a sports team, esp in a school 颁给体育运动队, 尤指校队正式成员或杰出成员的奖: get/win one's (football) colours 得到[赢得]（足球）奖.  7 colours [pl] flag(s) of a ship or regiment 船旗; 团旗; 军旗: salute the colours 向军旗敬礼.  8 [U] (a) interesting detail or qualities; vividness 有趣的细节; 令人感兴趣的特性; 生动: Her description of the area is full of colour. 她对这地区的描述绘声绘色. (b) distinctive quality of sound in music; tone 音色; 音质; 音品; 格调: orchestral colour 管弦乐的音色 * His playing lacks colour. 他的演奏没有什么格调.  9 (idm 习语) give/lend `colour to sth make sth seem true or probable 使某事物显得真实或可信: The scars on his body lent colour to his claim that he had been tortured. 他说他受过折磨拷打, 从他身上的伤疤看来倒也可信. lose colour => lose. nail one's colours to the mast => nail v. off colour (infml 口) unwell; ill 不舒服; 有病: feel, look, seem a bit off colour 感觉、看起来、似乎有点不舒服. see the colour of sb's `money make sure that sb has enough money to pay for sth 弄清某人的钱是否足以偿付某事物: Don't let him have the car until you've seen the colour of his money. 先弄清他确实有钱再把汽车给他. trooping the colour => troop. one's true colours => true. under false colours => false. with flying colours => flying.

/ˈkʌlə(r); `kʌlɚ/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.a] put colour on (sth), eg by painting, dyeing or staining 给（某物）着色（如以绘、漆、印、染等方式）: colour a picture 给画片着色 * colour a wall green 把墙壁涂成绿色.  2 (a) [I] become coloured; change colour 变为有色; 改变颜色: It is autumn and the leaves are beginning to colour, ie turn brown. 秋天到了, 叶子开始变黄了. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) (at sth) become red in the face; blush 脸红: She coloured (with embarrassment) at his remarks. 她听到他的话（因受窘）而脸红了.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] affect (sth), esp in a negative way; distort 影响（某事物）（尤指不良方面）; 歪曲: His attitude to sex is coloured by his strict upbringing. 他所受到的严厉教养, 影响了他对两性的态度. * Don't allow personal loyalty to colour your judgement. 不要因讲义气而影响了你的判断. * She gave a highly coloured (ie exaggerated) account of her travels. 她把旅行的事大大地渲染（夸张）了一番.  4 (phr v) colour sth in fill (a particular area, shape, etc) with colour 给（某面积、图形等）着色: The child coloured in all the shapes on the page with a crayon. 那孩子用蜡笔把这页上所有的图形都涂上了颜色.system of marking things (eg electrical wires, parts of a filing system, etc) with different colours to help people to distinguish between them 色标, 色码（用不同颜色对物件, 如电线、档案分目等作的标记）. arrangement of colours, esp in the decoration and furnishing of a room 色彩调配（尤指室内装修）: I don't like the colour scheme in their sitting-room. 我不喜欢他们起居室的色调.n (US `color line) legal or social discrimination between people of different races, esp between whites and non-whites 肤色障碍（法律上的或社会上的种族歧视, 尤指白种人与非白种人之间的）.adj unable to see the difference between certain colours, esp red and green 色盲的. n [U].adj marked in this way 用颜色标记的.adj (of a fabric) having a colour that will not change or fade when it is washed （指纤维织物）不褪色的.adj  1 (often in compounds常用以构成复合词) having colour; having the specified colour 有色的; 有某种颜色的: coloured chalks 彩色粉笔 * `cream-coloured 奶油色的 * `flesh-coloured 肉色的.  2 (a) (becoming dated 渐旧) (of people) of a race that does not have a white skin （指人）有色人种的（非白皮肤种族的）. (b) Coloured (in S Africa) of mixed race （在南非洲）混血种的人./-fl; -fəl/ adj  1 full of colour; bright 鲜艳的; 鲜明的: a colourful dress, scene 艳丽的连衣裙、景色 * colourful material 颜色鲜明的材料.  2 interesting or exciting; vivid 有趣的; 激动人心的; 生动活泼的: a colourful character, life, story, period of history 活泼的性格、活跃的生活、生动的故事、丰富多彩的历史时期.n  1 [U] action of putting colour on sth 给某物着色; 上色; 染色; 涂色: Children enjoy colouring, eg with crayons. 儿童都喜欢涂颜色（如用蜡笔）. * [attrib 作定语] a colouring book （为练习涂色用的）空白画册.  2 [U] (a) way or style in which sth is coloured 着色法. (b) way in which an artist uses colour in paintings （艺术家在绘画中的）用色风格, 色调.  3 [U] colour of a person's skin; complexion 肤色; 面色: She has (a) very fair colouring. 她面色白皙.  4 [C, U] (type of) substance used to give a particular colour to sth, esp to food 着色剂（尤指用于食物的）: This yoghurt contains no artificial flavouring or colouring. 这种酸乳酪不含人造香料或着色剂.adj  1 without colour; pale 无色的; 苍白的: a colourless liquid, eg water 无色的液体（如水） * colourless cheeks 苍白的面颊.  2 dull and uninteresting 呆板而无趣的: a colourless character, existence, style 呆板而无趣的性格、生活、格调./kəʊlt; kolt/ n  1 young male horse up to the age of 4 or 5 （四五岁或以下的）小雄马. Cf 参看 filly, gelding (geld), stallion.  2 young inexperienced person, esp a member of a junior sports team 没有经验的年轻人（尤指青年运动队队员）: He plays for the colts, eg the junior team of a football club. 他是青年队队员（如足球俱乐部的青年队）.(US) = coulter./ˈkəʊltɪʃ; `koltɪʃ/ adj like a colt; frisky 像小马的; 活泼的./ˈkɒləmbaɪn; `kɑləmˌbaɪn/ n garden plant with flowers that have thin pointed petals 耧斗菜（园艺植物, 花瓣细而尖）./ˈkɒləm; `kɑləm/ n  1 tall pillar, usu round and made of stone, either supporting part of the roof of a building or standing alone as a monument 高柱; （通常为）石制圆柱, 支柱, 纪念柱: The temple is supported by massive columns. 此庙由粗大的柱子支撑. * Nelson's Column is a famous monument in London. 纳尔逊纪念碑是伦敦着名的纪念碑. =>illus 见插图.  2 thing shaped like a column 圆柱形物: a column of smoke, ie smoke rising straight up 烟柱（直上的烟） * the ,spinal `column, ie the backbone 脊柱（脊骨） * a column of mercury, ie in a thermometer 水银柱（温度计中）.  3 (abbr 缩写 col) one of two or more vertical sections of printed material on a page （印刷品每页上的）列, 栏: Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text. 本词典每页上有两列正文.  4 part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist （报纸的）专栏: the `fashion, `motoring, fi`nancial, etc column 时装、汽车、财经等专栏 * the correspondence columns of `The Times' 《泰晤士报》上的通讯栏 * I always read her column in the local paper. 我经常在当地报纸上看她的专栏文章.  5 (a) long line of vehicles, ships, etc following one behind the other 长列（排成长行的车辆、船只等）. (b) large group of soldiers, tanks, etc moving forward in short rows 纵队（短排前进的大队士兵、坦克车等）.  6 series of numbers arranged one under the other 纵行数字: add up a long column of figures 把一串纵行数字相加./ˈkɒləmnɪst; `kɑləmnɪst/ n journalist who regularly writes an article commenting on politics, current events, etc for a newspaper or magazine 专栏作家: a political columnist 政论专栏作家./ˈkəʊmə; `komə/ n state of deep unconsciousness, usu lasting a long time and caused by severe injury or illness 昏迷（状态）: go into a coma 进入昏迷状态 * He was in a coma for several weeks. 他昏迷了几个星期./ˈkəʊmətəʊs; `koməˌtos/ adj  1 in a coma; deeply unconscious 昏迷的; 不省人事的.  2 sleepy; drowsy; sluggish 想睡的; 困乏的; 怠惰的; 没精打彩的: feeling comatose after a large meal 大吃一顿後感到困倦./kəʊm; kom/ n  1 [C] (a) piece of metal, plastic or bone with teeth, used for tidying and arranging the hair 梳子; 篦子. (b) small piece of plastic or bone with teeth, worn by women to hold the hair in place or as an ornament 发插（用以使头发固定或作头饰）.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of combing the hair 梳理（毛发）; 梳（头）: Your hair needs a (good) comb. 你的头发需要（好好）梳一梳.  3 [C] thing shaped or used like a comb, esp a device for tidying and straightening wool, cotton, etc to prepare it for manufacture 梳状物; 精梳机.  4 [C, U] = honeycomb.  5 [C] red fleshy growth on the head of a domestic fowl, esp a cock （家禽的）冠; （尤指）公鸡冠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.  6 (idm 习语) with a fine-tooth comb => fine2.

v  1 [Tn] pass a comb through (the hair) in order to tidy or arrange it 梳理（毛发）; 梳（头）: Don't forget to comb your hair before you go out! 不要忘记临出门梳梳头!  2 [Tn] prepare (wool, cotton, etc) for manufacture by tidying and straightening it with a comb(3) （用精梳机）精梳（毛、棉等）.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (through) sth (for sb/sth) search sth thoroughly 彻底搜寻某物: He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud. 他详查档案, 寻找欺诈行为的证据. * Police are combing the woods for the missing children. 警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.  4 (phr v) comb sth out remove knots, tangles, etc from or shape (the hair) with a comb 梳去（发结和乱处等）; 梳整（发型）. comb sth out (of sth) (a) remove (dirt, tangles, etc) from the hair with a comb 梳去毛发中（的脏物或结团处）: She combed the mud out of the dog's fur. 她梳去狗的皮毛中的泥土. (b) remove (unwanted people or things) from a group 从群体中清除（不需要的人或物）./ˈkɒmbæt; `kɑmbæt/ n [C, U] fight or fighting between two people, armies, etc （两人、两军等的）格斗, 搏斗, 战斗: armed/unarmed combat, ie with/without weapons 武装的[非武装的]斗争 * The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat. 部队经过几个月的激战已筋疲力尽. * [attrib 作定语] a combat jacket, mission, zone （野战用甲克式）军上衣、战斗任务、战区.

v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against/with) sb/sth (a) fight or struggle against sb/sth 与（某人[某事物]）战斗, 斗争, 搏斗: combat the enemy 与敌人作战. (b) try to reduce, weaken or destroy sth 试图减少、减弱或消灭（某事物）: combating disease, inflation, terrorism 与疾病、通货膨胀、恐怖主义作斗争./ˈkɒmbətənt; `kɑmbətənt/ n, adj (person) involved in fighting in a war 参战者; 战士: In modern wars, both combatants and non-combatants (ie civilians) are killed. 在现代战争中, 战斗人员与非战斗人员（平民）都可能死亡./ˈkɒmbətɪv; `kɑmbətɪv/ adj eager or ready to fight or argue 斗志旺盛的; 好斗的; 好争论的: in a combative mood 斗志昂扬. adv./ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn; ˌkɑmbə`neʃən/ n  1 [U] joining or mixing together of two or more things or people; state of being joined or mixed together （两个或两个以上事物或人）结合, 混合, 联合, 组合, 合并, 化合: It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable. 他的生花妙笔与政治分析相得益彰, 使他的文章脍炙人口. * The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品.  2 [C] number of things or people joined or mixed together; mixture; blend 结合到一起的事物或人; 混合物; 联合体: Pink is a combination of red and white. 粉红色是红色与白色的混合色. * A combination of factors led to her decision to resign. 综合各种因素之後她决定辞职. * The architecture in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new. 市中心的建筑风格是古今结合, 浑然一体. * What an unusual combination of flavours! 多么不寻常的混合风味!  3 [C] sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock （用以开启暗码锁的）数字或字母组合.  4 [C] (Brit) motor-bike with a side-car attached to it 带挎斗的摩托车.  5 combinations [pl] (formerly) one-piece under-garment covering the body and legs （旧时）衫裤相连的内衣.type of lock (eg on a safe) that can only be opened by turning a set of dials until they show a particular sequence of numbers or letters 暗码锁（如保险柜上的）./kəmˈbaɪn; kəm`baɪn/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and B/A with B (cause things to) join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合形成一整体; 联合; 组合; 合并; 化合: Hydrogen and oxygen combine/Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水. * Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday. 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划. * Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently. 把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀, 用文火加热. * a kitchen and dining-room combined, ie one room used as both 厨房兼饭厅 * Success was achieved by the combined efforts of the whole team. 全队齐心协力取得了胜利.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/A with B do (two or more things) at the same time or have (two or more different qualities) as a characteristic 同时做（不止一件事）; 兼有（不止一种）特性: combine business with pleasure 寓工作于娱乐之中 * He combines arrogance and incompetence in his dealings with the staff. 他在与工作人员交往中既傲慢又无能.

/ˈkɒmbaɪn; `kɑmbaɪn/ n  1 group of people or firms acting together in business 业务上合作的人们或企业; 联合企业.  2 (also ,combine `harvester) agricultural machine that both reaps and threshes grain 联合收割机. Cf 参看 harvester (harvest).(linguistics 语言) form of a word which can combine with another word or another combining form to form a new word, eg Anglo-, -philia 构词成分（能与另一词或另一构词成分构成新词者, 如 Anglo-、-philia）./kəmˈbʌstəbl; kəm`bʌstəbl/ adj  1 that can catch fire and burn easily 可燃的; 易燃的: Petrol is (highly) combustible. 汽油（极）易燃.  2 (fig 比喻) (of people) excitable （指人）易激动的: a combustible temperament 易冲动的脾气.

n (usu pl 通常作复数) combustible substance or material 易燃物; 可燃物./kəmˈbʌstʃən; kəm`bʌstʃən/ n [U]  1 process of burning 燃烧.  2 chemical process in which substances combine with oxygen in air, producing heat and light 燃烧过程.enclosed space in which `combustion(2) takes place, eg the space above the piston in an internal-combustion engine 燃烧室./kʌm; kʌm/ v (pt came / keIm; kem/, pp come)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (to...) (from...) move to, towards, into, etc a place where the speaker or writer is, or a place being referred to by him 来（指行动过程）: She came into the room and shut the door. 她进到屋子里来, 然後关上了门. * She came slowly down the stairs. 她慢慢地走下楼来. * He has come all the way from Leeds to look for a job. 他从利兹远道而来寻找工作. * Come and visit us again soon! 希望你不久再来坐一坐! * She comes to work by bus. 她上班乘公共汽车来. * Are you coming out for a walk? 你要出来散散步吗? * Our son is coming home for Christmas. 我们的儿子准备回家来过圣诞节. * Come here! 到这儿来! =>Usage at and 用法见and. =>Usage at visit 用法见visit. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (to...)arrive at a place where the speaker or writer is or at a place being referred to by him 来（指到达）: They came to a river. 他们来到河边. * They came (eg arrived at my house) at 8 o'clock. 他们8点钟来到（如到我家）. * What time will you be coming? 你几点钟来? * Have any letters come for me? 有给我的来信吗? * I've come to collect my book/come for my book. 我来取我的书. * Help has come at last. 终于得到了帮助. * There's a storm coming, ie approaching. 暴风雨要来了. * Spring came late this year. 今年春天来得晚了. * The time has come (ie Now is the moment) to act. 该行动的时候到了. (c) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (with sb) move in order to be with sb at a particular place or be present at an event 来（相聚或出席）: I've only come for an hour. 我来到这里仅仅一小时. * Are you coming (to the cinema) with us tonight? 今晚你来和我们一起（看电影）吗? * `Would you like to come to dinner next Friday?' `I'd love to.' ｀下星期五来吃饭好吗?＇｀好哇.＇ * Are you coming to my party? 你来参加我的聚会吗? * Who are you coming with? 你和谁一起来? * I'll be coming with Keith. 我和基思一起来. (d) (used with the present participle 与现在分词连用) take part in the specified activity, esp a sport, usu with other people 来（参加某活动, 尤指体育运动, 通常和他人一起）: Why don't you come ice-skating (with us) tonight? 今晚来（和我们一起）溜冰好吗?  2 [I] travel (a specified distance) 行进（某段距离）: We've come fifty miles since lunch. 我们午饭後走了五十英里了. * (fig 比喻) This company has come a long way (ie made a lot of progress) in the last five years. 最近五年这个公司已经前进了一大步.  3 (used with a present participle to show that sb/sth moves in the way specified or that sb is doing sth while moving 与现在分词连用, 表示某人[某事物]按某方式行进或某人在行进中做某事): He came hurrying (ie hurried) to see her as soon as he heard she was ill. 他一听说她病了就立刻赶来看她. * The children came running (ie ran) to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我们. * She came sobbing (ie was sobbing as she came) into the room. 她哭着进屋来了. * Sunlight came streaming through the window. 阳光从窗子射进来.  4 [La, Ipr] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) occupy a particular position in space or time; occur 占据一定的空间或时间; 发生; 出现: Easter comes early this year. 今年复活节来得早. * She came first (ie received the highest mark) in the examination. 她在这次考试中得第一. * (fig 比喻) His family comes first, ie is the most important thing in his life. 他把家庭放在第一位. * May comes between April and June. 五月在四月与六月之间. * `A' comes before `B' in the alphabet. 在字母表中A在B的前面. * Her death came as a terrible shock (to us). 她的死（使我们）极为震惊. * Her resignation came as a surprise/It came as a surprise when she resigned. 她辞职的事大家都感到惊讶.  5 [I] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (of goods, products, etc) be available （指货物、产品等）有（货）, 买得到: This dress comes in three sizes. 这种衣服有三种尺码. * Do these shoes come in black? 这种鞋有黑色的吗? * New cars don't come cheap, ie They are expensive. 新汽车没有便宜的.  6 [La] become; prove to be 变成; 证实是: My shoe laces have come undone. 我的鞋带松开了. * This envelope has come unstuck. 这个信封开了. * The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了. * It comes cheaper if you buy things in bulk. 成批买东西就便宜些. * Everything will come right in the end. 一切问题终会解决.  7 [It] reach a point at which one realizes, understands, believes, etc sth 达到（对某事物认识、理解、相信等的境界）: She had come to see the problem in a new light. 她对这问题已有新的认识. * In time he came to love her. 他终于爱上了她. * I have come to believe that the Government's economic policy is misguided. 我认识到政府的经济政策已步入歧途.  8 [It] (used in questions after how to ask for an explanation or a reason for sth 用于疑问句中的how之後, 要求对某事物作出解释或说明理由): How did he come to break his leg? 他怎么把腿弄折了呢? * How do you come to be so late? 你怎么迟到这么长时间呢? Cf 参看 how come13).  9 [Ln] ~ sth (with sb) (infml 口) behave like or play the part of sth 举止像...; 扮演某事物的角色: Don't come the bully with me! 不要跟我无理取闹! * She tried to come the innocent with me. 她在我面前装出清白无辜的样子.  10 (infml 口) (used before an expression of time 用于表示时间的词语之前) when the specified time comes 当某时刻到来时: We'll have been married for two years come Christmas. 到圣诞节时我们就结婚两年了. * Come (ie By) next week she'll have changed her mind. 到下星期她就要改变主意了.  11 [I] (infml 口) have an orgasm 达到性高潮.  12 (used with to or into + n in many expressions to show that the state or condition indicated by the n has been reached 与to或into加名词连用可构成许多固定词组, 表示已达到该名词所示的状态, 如 At last winter came to an end, ie ended 冬天终于结束了; The trees are coming into leaf, ie starting to grow leaves 树木开始长出叶子; for similar expressions, see entries for ns 类似固定词组见有关名词词条, 如 come to blows => blow).  13 (idm 习语) be as ,clever, ,stupid, etc as they `come (infml 口) be very clever, stupid, etc 非常聪明、愚蠢等. come again? (infml 口) (used to ask sb to repeat sth because one doesn't understand it or can hardly believe it 因未听懂或难以置信, 要求某人重复一遍时使用): `She's an entomologist.' `Come again?' `An entomologist  she studies insects.' ｀她是昆虫学家.＇｀请再说一遍.＇ ｀昆虫学家--她研究昆虫.＇ ,come and `go exist or be present in a place for a short time and then stop or depart 时来时去; 时有时无; 时隐时现: The pain in my leg comes and goes, ie Sometimes my leg is painful and sometimes it is not. 我的腿有时疼有时不疼. * Governments come and go (ie One government is replaced by another) but does anything really change? 政府换来换去, 但有什么真正的改变呢? come `easily, `naturally, etc to sb (of an activity, skill, etc) be easy, natural, etc for sb to do （指活动、技能等）某人做起来容易、生来就会等: Acting comes naturally to her. 她生来就会表演. ,come over `dizzy, `faint, `giddy, etc (infml 口) suddenly feel dizzy, faint, giddy, etc 突然感到头晕目眩、要昏倒、发晕等: I suddenly came over (all) funny/queer and had to lie down. 我突然感到身体不舒服[眩晕], 只好躺下. come to `nothing; not come to `anything have no useful or successful result; be a complete failure 毫无结果; 完全失败: All her plans have come to nothing. 她所有的计划都落空了. * How sad that his efforts should come to nothing. 他的一切努力完全付诸东流, 多么可悲呀. come to one`self return to one's normal state 恢复自己的常态: The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly came to herself again. 这一打击使她踌躇片刻, 但很快就又恢复正常了. come to `that; if it comes to `that (infml 口) (used to introduce sth that is connected with and in addition to sth just mentioned 用以引出与刚提到的事物有联系而作补充的事物): He looks just like his dog  come to that, so does his wife! 他看上去就像他的狗一样--说起像来, 连他妻子也像! ,come what `may whatever happens; in spite of difficulties or problems that may arise 不论发生什么事情; 不管出现什么样的困难和问题: He promised to support her come what may. 他答应不论发生什么事都支持她. how come (...)? (infml 口) how does/did it happen (that...)?; what is the explanation (of sth)? 怎么发生的?; （某事物）怎样解释?: If she spent five years in Paris, how come she can't speak a word of French? 她假若在巴黎呆了五年, 怎么一句法语都不会说呢? * You were an hour late this morning, how `come? 今天早晨你迟到了一小时, 怎么回事? not `come to much not be, become or do anything of importance 不重要; 不足道; 无关紧要: He'll never come to much (ie have a successful career) , he's too lazy. 他绝不会有什么作为, 因为他太懒. * I don't think her idea of becoming a journalist ever came to much. 我认为她当新闻记者的想法没什么名堂. to `come (used after a n 用于名词之後) in the future 在将来: In years to come... 未来的岁月 * for some time to come, ie for a period of time in the future 在将来的一段时间里. when it comes to sth/doing sth when it is a case, matter or question of (doing) sth 当涉及（做）某事物的情况、事情或问题时: I'm as good a cook as she is except when it comes to (making) pastry. 我做饭做得和她一样好, 就是不会做油酥馅饼. (For other idioms containing come, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与come搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 come a cropper => cropper; come clean => clean. ) 14 (phr v) come a`bout (of a sailing-boat) change direction （指帆船）改变方向. come about (that...) happen 发生: Can you tell me how the accident came a`bout? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗? * How did it come about that he knew where we were? 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢?

interj (used to encourage sb to be sensible or reasonable, or to rebuke sb slightly 用以鼓励某人使之理智或合情合理或用以轻责某人): Oh come (now), things aren't as bad as you say. 嗳, 好了, 事情并不像你说的那样糟. * Come, come, Miss Jones, be careful what you say. 得啦, 得啦, 琼斯小姐, 说话要当心.(a) be understood or communicated 被理解; 被传达: He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across. 他讲了很长时间, 但他的意思没有人真正理解. (b) make an impression of the specified type 使人产生某种印象: She comes across well/badly in interviews. 她在面试中给人留下很好的[很坏的]印象. * He came across as sympathetic/a sympathetic person. 他给人以有同情心的印象. come across sb/sth meet or find sb/sth by chance 偶然遇见或发现某人[某事物]; 碰见: I ,came across an old `school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友. * She ,came across some old `photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片. come a`cross (with sth) (dated infml 旧, 口) give or hand over (money, information, etc) 给或交给（钱、资料等）: He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he'll ever come across (with it). 他欠我五英镑, 我怀疑是否能还给我（这笔钱）.chase or pursue sb 追赶或追逐某人: The farmer came after the intruders with a big stick. 农夫拿着大棒追赶闯进来的人.(a) arrive; appear 到达; 出现: When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it. 待适当的机会来临, 她就能抓住. * `Is she married?' `No. She says she's waiting for the right man to come along.' ｀她结婚了吗?＇｀没有. 她说她在等待着意中人的出现. (b) = come on d. (c) = come on e.break or fall into pieces 破裂; 摔碎: The teapot just came apart in my hands. 茶壶就在我手中裂开了.= come round (to sth).attack sb 攻击某人: She came ,at mewith a `rolling-pin. 她用　干面杖向我打来. come at sth discover (facts, the truth, etc) 发现（事实、真相等）: The truth is often difficult to `come at. 事情真相往往难以发现.become detached (from sth) （与某物）脱离: The plaster had started to come away from the wall. 灰泥已经开始从墙上脱落. come away with sth leave a place with (a feeling, an impression, etc) （带着某种感觉、印象等）离开某地: We came away with the distinct impression that all was not well with their marriage. 我们离去时有一种清楚的印象: 他们的婚姻并非十分美满.(a) return 回来: You came back (ie came home) very late last night. 昨晚你回来得很晚. * The colour is coming back to her cheeks. 她的面颊上又泛出红晕. (b) become popular, successful or fashionable again 又成为流行的、成功的或时髦的: Miniskirts are starting to come back. 超短裙又开始流行了. (c) (of a rule, law or system) be restored or reintroduced （指规章、法律或制度）恢复, 规复: Some people would like to see the death penalty come back. 有些人希望恢复死刑. come `back at sb reply to sb forcefully or angrily （强有力地或气愤地）答覆或反驳某人: She came back at the speaker with some sharp questions. 她用一些尖锐的问题反驳讲话人. come `back (to sb) return to the memory 恢复记忆; 回想起: It's all coming back to me now, ie I'm beginning to remember everything. 现在我全都想起来了. * Your French will soon come back. 你的法语很快就能重新运用自如. come `back to sb (on sth) reply to sb about sth after a period of time （经过一段时间後）（就某事物）答覆某人: Can I come back to you on that one (ie on that subject) later? 我可以过一会儿再谈你那件事吗?(a) be presented to sb/sth for discussion, decision or judgement 被提交给某人[某事物]进行讨论、作出决定或判决: The case ,comes before the `court next week. 这件案子下星期提交法庭审理. (b) have greater importance than sb/sth else 比某人[某事物]更重要: Fighting poverty and unemployment should come before all other political considerations. 解决贫穷和失业问题比所有其他政治问题都更重要.interfere with or harm a relationship between two people 干预或损害两人之间的关系; 离间: It's not a good idea to come between a man and his wife. 最好不要介入人家夫妻间的事. * I'd hate anything to come between us. 我痛恨影响我们关系的一切事物. come between sb and sth prevent sb from doing or having sth 妨碍某人做某事物或得到某事物: He never lets anything come between him and his evening pint of beer. 什么事也不能妨碍他晚上喝啤酒.(a) obtain sth, usu by effort 得到某事物（通常靠努力）: Jobs are hard to come by these days. 近来 很难找到工作. * I hope that money was honestly come by. 我希望那笔钱来得正当. (b) receive sth by chance 偶然获得某事物: How did you come by that scratch on your cheek? 你脸上的抓伤是怎么来的?(a) collapse 塌下; 坍塌: The ceiling came down. 天花板塌了. (b) (of rain, snow, etc) fall （指雨、雪等）落下: The rain came down in torrents. 下着倾盆大雨. (c) (of an aircraft) land or fall from the sky （指飞行器）着陆, 从空中掉下: We were forced to come down in a field. 我们被迫在田地里着陆. * Two of our fighters came down inside enemy lines. 我方有两架战斗机坠落在敌方. (d) (of prices, the temperature, etc) become lower; fall （指价格、温度等）降低; 下降: The price of petrol is coming down/Petrol is coming down in price. 汽油价格在下跌. come `down (from...) (Brit) leave a university (esp Oxford or Cambridge) after finishing one's studies 大学毕业（尤指于牛津或剑桥）: When did you come down (from Oxford)? 你什么时候（从牛津）大学毕业的? come down (from...) (to...) come from one place to another, esp from the North of England to London, or from a city or large town to a smaller place 从一处来到另一处（尤指从英格兰北部到伦敦或由城镇到较小的地方）: We hope to come down to London next week. 我们希望下星期南下到伦敦. * They've recently come down from London to live in the village. 他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住. come `down on sb (infml 口) (a) criticize sb severely; rebuke sb 申斥某人; 训斥某人: Don't come down too hard on her. 不要太严厉地申斥她. (b) punish sb 惩罚某人: The courts are coming down heavily on young offenders. 法庭从严惩处年轻罪犯. come down on sb for sth (infml 口) demand (payment or money) from sb 向某人索取（报酬或钱）: His creditors came down on him for prompt payment of his bills. 债权人催他尽快付帐. come down to sb be passed from one generation to another 一代传一代: stories that came down to us from our forefathers 祖祖辈辈传下来的故事. come down to sth/doing sth (infml 口) be forced by poverty, etc to do sth that one would never do normally; be reduced to sth 因贫穷等被迫去做正常情况下决不做的事; 沦落为...: He had come down to begging. 他已沦为乞丐. come down to sth (a) reach as far down as (a specified point) 下垂到（某一点）: Her hair comes down to her waist. 她的头发垂到腰部. (b) be able to be summarized as sth; be a question of sth 可归结为某事物; 是某事物的问题: It comes down to two choices: you either improve your work, or you leave. 归结起来有两条出路: 你或者改进工作, 或者辞职. * The whole dispute comes down to a power struggle between management and trade unions. 全部争论其实就是资方与工会间的权力斗争. come down with sth become ill with (an illness) 得某病; 因某病病倒: I came down with flu and was unable to go to work. 我得了流感, 不能去上班.present oneself 站出来; 自告奋勇; 挺身而出: come forward with help, information, money 自告奋勇提供帮助、信息、金钱 * Police have asked witnesses of the accident to come forward. 警方要求事故的目击者挺身而出予以协助.(not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) have as one's birthplace or place of residence 为自己的出生地; 为自己的居住地: She comes from London. 她是伦敦人. * Where do you come from? 你是什么地方的人? come from.../sth be a product of (a place or a thing) （某地或某事物）的产品: Much of the butter eaten in England comes from New Zealand. 在英国食用的黄油多产自新西兰. * Milk comes from cows and goats. 常见的奶是牛奶和羊奶. come from sth (also come of sth) be descended from sth 出身于: She comes from a long line of actresses. 她出身于演员世家. come from doing sth = come of sth/doing sth.(a) (of the tide) move towards the land; rise （指潮水）涌向陆地; 涨: The tide was coming in fast. 潮水涨得很快. (b) finish a race in a particular position 赛跑取得的名次: Which horse came in first? 哪匹马跑第一? (c) (of a batsman in cricket) come to the wicket at the start of one's innings （指板球戏中的击球手）（轮到击球开始时）来到三柱门前就位: Who's coming in next? 该谁到三柱门击球了? (d) become fashionable 时兴; 流行; 时髦: Long hair for men came in in the sixties. 男子留长发在六十年代流行. (e) become available (at a particular time of the year) （在一年的某一时间）有（货）; 可以买到: English strawberries usually come in in late June. 英国草莓通常在六月下旬上市. (f) be elected 当选: The socialists came in at the last election. 社会党人在上次选举中当选. (g) be received as income 收入; 进项: She has a thousand pounds a month coming in from her investments. 她每月从投资中得到一千英镑收入. (h) have a part to play in sth 在某事物中起作用: I understand the plan perfectly, but I can't see where I come in. 我完全了解这项计划, 但不知道我能起什么作用? (i) (of news, a report, etc) be received by a television station, the offices of a newspaper, etc （指新闻、报道等）被电视台、报社等收到: News is coming in of a serious train crash in Scotland. 刚刚收到的消息说, 苏格兰发生火车撞车重大事故. (j) contribute to a discussion 参与讨论: Would you like to come in at this point, Prime Minister? 首相, 您愿意在此刻发表意见吗? come in for sth be the object of sth; attract sth; receive sth 是某事物的对象; 吸引某事物; 获得某事物: The Government'seconomic policies have come in for much criticism in the newspapers. 政府的经济政策遭到报章多方抨击. come in on sth have a part or share in sth; join sth （在某事物中）有一份; 参与某事物: If you want to come in on the scheme, you must decide now. 你要参与这项计划就必须现在决定. come in with sb (infml 口) join sb in a scheme, venture, etc （在一项计划、企业等中）联合某人; 合资经营.inherit sth 继承某事物: She came into a fortune when her uncle died. 她叔叔死後她继承了财产.= come from sth. come of sth/doing sth (also come from doing sth) be the result of sth 是某事物的结果: He promised to help, but I don't think anything will come of it. 他答应帮忙, 但我想不会有任何结果. * This is what comes of being over-confident. 这就是过于自信的结果. * No harm can come of trying. 不妨试一试.(a) be able to be removed 能被去掉: `Does this knob come off?' `No, it's fixed on permanently.' ｀这个把手能拆下来吗?＇｀不能, 那是固定的.＇ * These stains won't come off, I'm afraid. 我看, 这些污点去不掉. (b) (infml 口) take place; happen 举行; 发生: When's the wedding coming off? 婚礼什么时候举行? * Did your proposed trip to Rome ever come off? 你提出的到罗马旅行, 後来去了吗? (c) (infml 口) (of a plan, scheme, etc) be successful; have the intended effect or result （指计划、方案等）成功; 达到预期的效果或结果: Her attempt to break the world record nearly came off. 她想要打破世界纪录, 已接近成功. * The film doesn't quite come off. 这部电影不很成功. (d) (infml 口) (followed by an adv 後接副词) fare; get on 进展; 进行: He always comes off badly in fights. 他在拳击比赛中总是很糟糕. * Who came off best in the debate? 在辩论中谁最出色? come off (sth) (a) fall from sth 从某物上掉下: come off one's bicycle, horse, etc 从自行车、马等上跌下. (b) become detached or separated from sth 从某物上脱落或分离: When I tried to lift the jug, the handle came off (in my hand). 我刚一提这个罐, 把儿就掉了（握在我手中）. * Lipstick often comes off on wine glasses. 口红常能印到酒杯上. * A button has come off my coat. 我的大衣掉了一颗扣子. come `off it (infml 口) (used in the imperative to tell sb to stop saying things that one thinks or knows are untrue 用于祈使句, 要某人不再说不确之事): Come off it! England don't have a chance of winning the match. 别胡扯了! 英格兰没有希望赢得这场比赛. come off sth (of an amount of money) be removed from (a price) （指钱数）从（价钱）中减去: I've heard that ten pence a gallon is coming off the price of petrol. 我听说汽油价格每加仑要减十便士.(a) (of an actor) walk onto the stage （指演员）出台, 登场, 上场. (b) (of a sportsman) join a team as a substitute during a match （指运动员）（在比赛中）上场做替补队员: Robson came on in place of Wilkins ten minutes before the end of the game. 比赛结束前十分钟罗布森上场替代威尔金斯. (c) (of a bowler in cricket) begin to bowl （指板球投球手）开始投球: Botham came on to bowl after lunch. 午饭後博瑟姆开始投球. (d) (also come along) make progress; grow; improve 取得 进步; 生长; 改善; 发展; 发育: The garden is coming on nicely. 这个花园里花草茂盛. * Her baby is coming on well. 她的婴儿发育良好. * His French has come on a lot since he joined the conversation class. 他自从参加了会话班, 法语取得了很大进步. (e) (also come along) (used in the imperative to encourage sb to do sth, esp to hurry, try harder or make an effort 用于祈使句以鼓励某人做某事, 尤指促其加速、努力或试一试): Come on, we'll be late for the theatre. 快点吧, 我们去戏院要迟到了. * Come along now, someone must know the answer. 试试吧, 一定有人能够回答. (f) begin 开始: I think I have a cold coming `on. 我看我要感冒了. * The rain came on/It ,came on to `rain. 下起雨来了. * It's getting colder: winter is coming `on. 天渐冷了, 冬天来了. (g) (of a film, play, etc) be shown or performed （指电影、戏剧等）上演, 演出: There's a new play coming on at the local theatre next week. 下星期本地剧院有新戏上演. come on/upon sb/sth (fml 文) meet or find sb/sth by chance 偶然遇见或发现某人[某事物]: I came upon a group of children playing in the street. 我遇到一群孩子在街上玩耍.(a) stop work; strike 停止工作; 罢工: The miners have come out (on strike). 矿工已罢工. (b) (of a young girl) be formally introduced to high society （指少女）初进社交界: Fiona came out last season. 菲奥纳上一季初次参加社交活动. * a coming-out ball 少女初进社交界舞会. (c) (of the sun, moon or stars) become visible; appear （指太阳、月亮或星星）露出, 出现: The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停了, 太阳出来了. (d) (of flowers, etc) begin to grow; appear; flower （指花朵等）开始长出, 吐艳, 开花: The crocuses came out late this year because of the cold weather. 因为天气寒冷, 今年藏红花开得晚. (e) be produced or published 出版或发表: When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小说何时问世? (f) (of news, the truth, etc) become known; be told or revealed （指消息、真相等）周知, 传出, 透露: The full story came out at the trial. 事件的始末在审判时才真相大白. * It came out that he'd been telling a pack of lies. 後来才知道他一直在说谎. (g) (of photographs) be developed （指照片）显影, 显出, 洗出: Our holiday photos didn't come out, eg because the film was faulty. 我们假日的照片冲洗不出来（如因胶卷有毛病）. (h) be revealed or shown clearly 显示得或表示得很清楚: The bride comes out well (ie looks attractive) in the photographs. 像片上新娘照得很好. * His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes. 他每次讲话都显得很傲慢. * Her best qualities come out in a crisis. 在危急关头显露出了她的优秀品质. * The meaning of the poem doesn't really come out in his interpretation. 他并没有把这首诗的意义真正揭示出来. (i) (of words, a speech, etc) be spoken （指词语、言论等）说出, 讲出: My statement didn't come out quite as (ie appeared to have a different meaning from the one) I had intended. 我说出的话和我原先想要表达的意思不尽相同. (j) (of a sum, problem, etc) be solved （指算数题、问题等）解出, 解决: I can't make this equation come out. 我不会解这个方程式. (k) declare openly that one is a homosexual 公开表白是同性恋者: She's been much happier since she came out. 她公开了自己是同性恋者以後就快活多了. (l) have a specified position in a test, examination, etc （在测验、考试等中）得某名次: She came out first in the examination. 她考试得第一名. come out (of sth) (a) (of an object) be removed from a place where it is fixed （指物体）（从固着处）除掉: The little girl's tooth came out when she bit into the apple. 这小女孩在咬苹果时, 她的牙掉了. * I can't get this screw to come out of the wall. 我无法把这颗螺丝钉从墙上取出. (b) (of a mark, stain, etc) be removed from sth by washing, cleaning, etc （指标记、污点等）（用洗刷等方法）除掉: These ink stains won't come out (of my dress). （我的连衣裙上的）这些墨水点洗不掉. * Will the colour come out (ie fade or disappear) if the material is washed? 这料子洗时掉色吗? come out against sth say publicly that one is opposed to sth 公开说反对某事物: In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to the existing law. 这位部长在她的讲话中表示不同意对现行法律作任何更改. come out at sth amount to a particular cost or sum 合计成本、费用或总数: The total cost comes out at 500. 总计费用为500英镑. come out in sth become partially covered in (spots, pimples, etc) （局部）布满（斑点、粉刺、皮疹等）: Hot weather makes her come out in a rash. 因天气炎热, 她起了皮疹. come out with sth say sth; utter sth 说某事物; 说出某事物: He came out with a stream of abuse. 他讲了一连串的污言秽语. * She sometimes comes out with the most extraordinary remarks. 她有时说出的话妙语如珠.= come across. come over (to...) = come round (to...). come over (to...) (from...) move from one (usu distant) place to another 从一地（通常为远处）来到另一地: Why don't you come over to England for a holiday? 你怎么不到英国来度假呢? * Her grandparents came over (eg to America) from Ireland during the famine. 她的祖父母是在饥荒时期从爱尔兰来的（如到美国）. come `over sb (of a feeling) affect sb （指某种感觉）刺激或影响某人: A fit of dizziness came over her. 她感到一阵头晕目眩. * I can't think what came over me, ie I do not know what caused me to behave in that way. 我不知道我是怎么了（我不知道是什么原因使我有那种举动）. come over (to sth) change from one side, opinion, etc to another 改变立场或意见等: She will never come over to our side. 她决不会站到我们这边来.(a) come by a longer route than usual 绕道而来: The road was blocked so we had to come round by the fields. 道路堵塞了, 所以我们只好由田间绕道而来. (b) (of a regular event) arrive; recur （指有规律的事情）来到; 发生: Christmas seems to come round quicker every year. 圣诞节似乎一年比一年来得快. (c) (also come `to) regain consciousness, esp after fainting 恢复知觉; 苏醒: Pour some water on his face  he'll soon come round. 往他脸上泼些水--他很快就能醒过来. * Your husband hasn't yet come round after the anaesthetic. 你丈夫麻醉後还没有苏醒. (d) (infml 口) become happy again after being in a bad mood （情绪不好之後）又愉快起来: Don't scold the boy; he'll come round in time. 不要责骂这孩子, 他过了那一阵就会好的. come round (to...) (also come over (to...)) visit sb or a place (usu within the same town, city, etc) 访问或参观（通常为同一城镇等的）某人或某地: Why don't you come round (to my flat) this evening? 今晚你来（我家）, 好吗? * Do come round and see us some time. 务必抽空来坐坐. come round (to sth) (also come around (to sth)) be converted to sb else's opinion or view 转变成与别人一致的看法或观点: She will never come round (to our way of thinking). 她决不会改变态度（与我们的想法一致）. come round to sth/doing sth (infml 口) do sth after a long delay （长时间拖延後）做某事: It was several weeks before I eventually came round to answering her letter. 过了几星期之後我才终于给她回信.(of news, a message) arrive by telephone, radio, etc or through official channels （指新闻、信息）（由电话、无线电等或经官方渠道）传来: A message is just coming through. 有消息刚刚传来. * Your posting has just come through: you're going to Hong Kong. 你的调令刚到: 你要去香港了. come through (sth) recover from a serious illness or avoid serious injury; survive (sth) （重病後）康复; 避免受到严重伤害; （经某事物後）还活着: He's very ill but doctors expect him to come `through. 他病得很重, 但医生预料他能康复. * With such a weak heart she was lucky to come through (the operation). 她心脏很弱, （手术後）能活下来就是万幸. * She came through without even a scratch, eg was not even slightly injured in the accident. 她安然脱险. * He has come through two world wars. 他身经两次世界大战, 劫後余生.(a) = come round. (b) (of a boat) stop （指船）停下: The police launch hailed to us to come to. 警方汽艇招呼我们停下来. `come to sb (that...) (of an idea) occur to sb （指看法）被某人想出: The idea came to him in his bath. 他洗澡时想出了这个主意. * It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along. 她突然想到她一开始就错了. ,come to `sth (a) amount to sth; be equal to sth 共计为某数; 等于某数: The bill came to 30. 帐款共计30英镑. * I never expected those few items to come to so much. 我绝想不到就那么几项合计起来竟要这么多钱. (b) (used esp with this, that or what as object 尤以 this、that或what作宾 语时与之连用) reach a particular (usu bad) situation or state of affairs 达到某种（通常为坏的）情况或状态: The doctors will operate if it proves necessary  but it may not come to that. 医生认为必要时便动手术--但可能不致如此. * `There's been another terrorist bomb attack.' `Really? I don't know what the world is coming to.' ｀又发生一次恐怖分子炸弹爆炸事件.＇ ｀真的吗? 不知道这个世界要变成什么样子了.＇ * Things have come to such a state in the company that he's thinking of resigning. 公司的事情已经到了这种地步, 因此他正在考虑辞职. * Who'd have thought things would come to this (ie become so bad or unpleasant)? 谁想到过事情会发展到这种地步（变得这么糟或不愉快）? come to sb (from sb) (of money, property, etc) be given or left to sb as an inheritance （指钱、财产等）作为遗产送给或留给某人: The farm came to him on his father's death. 他父亲死时把农场留给他了. * He has a lot of money coming to him when his uncle dies. 他的叔父死後他承受了一大笔钱.(a) be included within a certain category 归入某类; 编入: What heading does this come under? 这个编在什么标题之下? (b) be the target of sth 是某事物的目标: We came under heavy enemy fire. 我们遭到敌人猛烈攻击.(a) (of plants) appear above the soil （指植物）长出地面: The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪花莲刚刚开始长出地面. (b) (of the sun) rise （指太阳）升起: We watched the sun come up. 我们观看日出. (c) (of soldiers, supplies, etc) be moved to the front line （指士兵、给养等）被送往前线. (d) occur; arise 发生; 出现: We'll let you know if any vacancies come up. 一有空缺我们就通知你. * I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉, 有些急事; 今晚不能见你了. (e) be mentioned or discussed; arise 被提及; 被讨论; 出现: The subject came up in conversation. 这个问题是在谈话中提到的. * The question is bound to come up at the meeting. 会上必然要讨论这个问题. (f) be dealt with by a court 由法庭审理: Her divorce case comes up next month. 她的离婚案件下月审理. (g) (of a lottery ticket, number, etc) be drawn; win （指彩票、数字抽奖等）抽中, 中奖, 赢: My number came up and I won 100. 我的数字彩票中奖了, 我赢得100英镑. come `up (to...) (Brit) begin one's studies at a university (esp at Oxford or Cambridge) 开始上大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）: She came up (to Oxford) in 1982. 她1982年（到牛津）上大学. come up (to...) (from...) come to one place from another, esp from a smaller place to London or from the South to the North of England 从一地来到另一地（尤指由小地方到伦敦或由英格兰南部到北部）; 上伦敦; 北上: She often comes up to London (eg from Oxford) at weekends. 她常在周末（如由牛津）上伦敦来. * Why don't you come up to Scotland for a few days? 你怎么不北上到苏格兰来住几天? come up against sb/sth be faced with or opposed by sb/sth 面对某人[某事物]; 被某人[某事物]反对: We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the scheme. 我们预计这个计划要遭到很多人反对. come up for sth be considered as an applicant or a candidate for sth 作某事的申请人或候选人: She comes up for re-election next year. 在明年的重选中她参加竞选. come up to sth (a) reach up as far as (a specified point) 升到（某点）: The water came up to my neck. 水升到我的颈部. (b) reach (an acceptable level or standard) 达到（认可的水平或标准）: His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard. 他没有真正表现出平日的高水平来. * Their holiday in France didn't come up to expectations. 他们在法国度假未尽如人意. come `up with sth find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc) 找到或提出（答案、办法等）: She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意.= come on sb/sth. n  1 return to a former (successful) position 恢复到原先的（成功）地位: an ageing pop star trying to make/stage a come-back 年事已高的流行曲歌星, 打算重返歌坛.  2 (infml 口) reply or retort to a critical or hostile remark （对批评的或恶意的话的）回答或反驳.  3 way of obtaining compensation or redress 得到补偿或补救的方法: If you're not insured and you get burgled, you have no come-back. 没投保险而遭偷窃, 就得不到赔偿.n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) loss of importance or social position 失去重要性或社会地位; 败落; 没落: Having to work as a clerk is a bit of a come-down after running his own business. 他原来经营自己的买卖, 现在不得已去当小职员, 可谓家道中落了.adj [attrib 作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) flirtatious; inviting 挑逗性的; 勾引人的; 诱人的: a ,come-hither `look, `smile, etc 挑逗性的一瞥、一笑等.n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) gesture, remark, etc indicating that sb (esp a woman) is trying to attract sb sexually （某人, 尤指女人, 试图吸引异性的）姿势、言语等: She gave him the come-on. 她勾引他./kʌmˈʌpəns; kʌm`ʌpəns/ n (infml 口) deserved punishment; retribution (used esp as in the expression shown) 应得的惩罚, 报应（尤用于下列示例）: get one's come-uppance 遭报应./kəˈmiːdɪən; kə`midɪən/ n  1 (fem 阴性作comedienne/ kE9mi:dI5en; kE9midI`Zn/) (a) entertainerwho tells jokes, performs sketches (sketch 3), etc to amuse an audience （说笑话、演滑稽剧等的）演员. (b) actor or actress who plays comic parts 喜剧演员.  2 person who is always behaving comically 滑稽的人./ˈkɒmədɪ; `kɑmədɪ/ n  1 (a) [C] light or amusing play or film, usu with a happy ending 喜剧. (b) [U] plays or films of this type 喜剧; 喜剧片: I prefer comedy to tragedy. 我喜欢喜剧, 不喜欢悲剧. Cf 参看 tragedy.  2 [U] amusing aspect of sth; humour 某事物的有趣方面; 幽默: He didn't appreciate the comedy of the situation. 他没有意识到处境的有趣方面. * the slapstick comedy of silent films 无声电影的滑稽趣味.comedy that presents a satirical portrayal of social life 风尚喜剧（讽刺社交生活的喜剧）./ˈkʌmə(r); `kʌmɚ/ n  1 person who comes (used esp as in the expressions shown) 来者（尤用于下列示例）: The race is open to all comers, ie Anyone may take part in it. 这项竞赛任何人都可参加. * Late-comers will not be allowed in. 迟到者不得入内.  2 (infml 口 esp US) person who is likely to be successful; promising person 可能成功的人; 有前途的人./kəˈmestəblz; kə`mɛstəblz/ n [pl] (fml 文) things to eat 食物; 食品./ˈkɒmɪt; `kɑmɪt/ n object that moves round the sun and looks like a bright star with a long, less bright tail 慧星./ˈkʌmfət; `kʌmfɚt/ n  1 [U] state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety; state of physical or mental well-being 舒适; 身心健康: live in comfort 生活舒适 * They did everything for our comfort. 他们尽力使我们觉得舒适.  2 [U] help or kindness to sb who is suffering; consolation （对受苦者的）帮助或仁爱; 安慰: a few words of comfort 几句安慰的话 * The news brought comfort to all of us. 这消息给我们大家带来了安慰.  3 [sing] person or thing that brings relief or consolation 给予援助或安慰的人或事物: Her children are a great comfort to her. 她的孩子是她极大的安慰. * It's a comfort to know that she is safe. 知道她平安无事是令人宽慰的事.  4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing that creates physical ease or well-being 使身体舒适或健康的事物: The hotel has all modern comforts/every modern comfort, eg central heating, hot and cold water, etc. 这家旅馆设有各种现代化的舒适设施（如集中供暖、冷热水等）. * He likes his comforts. 他喜欢自己舒适的生活条件.  5 (idm 习语) cold comfort => cold1.

v [Tn] give comfort(2) to (sb) 安慰（某人）: comfort a dying man 安慰垂死的人 * The child ran to its mother to be comforted. 孩子跑到母亲身边以求得到安慰.(US euph 婉) public lavatory 公共厕所./ˈkʌmftəbl; <i>US</i> -fərt-; `kʌmfɚtəbl/ adj  1 allowing, producing or having pleasant bodily relaxation 舒适的; 安逸的; 使人舒服的: a comfortable bed, position 舒适的床、姿势 * She made herself comfortable in a big chair. 她舒舒服服地坐在大椅子上. * The patient is comfortable (ie is not in pain) after his operation. 病人手术後感觉良好.  2 having or ensuring freedom from anxiety 无忧无虑的: a comfortable life, job 无忧无虑的生活、工作.  3 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) quite wealthy 富足: They may not be millionaires but they're certainly very comfortable. 他们尽管不算百万富翁, 却也丰衣足食.  4 more than adequate; reasonably large 充裕的; 相当大的: a comfortable income 丰厚的收入 * She won by a comfortable margin. 她获胜成绩远远超过其他人./-təblɪ; -təblɪ/ adv  1 in a comfortable way 舒适地; 舒服地: comfortably ensconced in a big armchair 舒适地稳坐在单座沙发上.  2 by a clear margin 充裕地: The favourite won the race comfortably. 那个大热门以明显优势获胜.  3 (idm 习语) ,comfortably `off having enough money to live in comfort 生活宽裕./ˈkʌmfətə(r); `kʌmfɚtɚ/ n  1 person who comforts 安慰者.  2 (US) quilt 被子.  3 (Brit) (US pacifier) = dummy.  4 (dated 旧 Brit) woollen scarf worn round the neck 毛围巾.adj without comforts (comfort 4) 无舒适生活设施的: a comfortless room 无舒适设施的房间./ˈkʌmfɪ; `kʌmfɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) comfortable 舒适的; 舒服的./ˈkɒmɪk; `kɑmɪk/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing people to laugh; funny 使人发笑的; 可笑的; 滑稽的: a comic song, performance, etc 滑稽的歌曲、表演等 * His accident with the microphone brought some welcome comic relief to a very dull party. 他撞上了话筒, 这给极沉闷的聚会带来了些欢乐.  2 [attrib 作定语] of, containing or using comedy 喜剧的; 有喜剧成分的; 运用喜剧的: comic opera 喜剧歌剧 * a comic actor 喜剧演员.

n  1 comedian 喜剧演员: a popular TV comic 观众喜爱的电视喜剧演员.  2 (US `comic book) children's magazine containing stories told mainly through pictures （儿童的）连环画册.sequence of drawings telling a humorous or adventure story, printed in newspapers, etc （报纸上的）连环漫画./ˈkɒmɪkl; `kɑmɪkl/ adj (odd and) amusing （古怪而）可笑的, 滑稽的: He looked highly comical wearing that tiny hat. 他戴着那顶小帽子, 看上去真滑稽. comically/ -klI; -klI/ adv: clothes that were almost comically inappropriate 因不合适而近乎滑稽的衣物./ˈkʌmɪŋ; `kʌmɪŋ/ n  1 arrival 抵达; 来到; 到达; 到来: the coming of the space age 太空时代的到来.  2 (idm 习语) ,comings and `goings (infml 口) arrivals and departures 来来往往: the constant comings and goings at a hotel 旅馆中旅客不断的来来往往 * With all the comings and goings (eg of visitors) I haven't been able to do any work at all. 有这么多人来来往往（如来访者）, 我根本不能工作./ˈkɒmə; `kɑmə/ n punctuation mark (,) to indicate a light pause or break between parts of a sentence 逗号（,）. =>App 3 见附录3./kəˈmɑːnd; <i>US</i> -ˈmænd; kə`mænd/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tf, Dn.t] (of sb in authority) tell (sb) that he must do sth; order （指有权者）叫（某人）必须做某事; 命令: Do as I command (you). 照我命令（你的）去做. * (fml 文) The tribunal has commanded that all copies of the book (must) be destroyed. 法庭命令（必须）将这本书的所有印本都销毁. * The officer commanded his men to fire. 军官命令士兵开火. =>Usage at order2 用法见order2.  2 [I, Tn] have authority (over sb/sth); be in control (of) 有（支配某人[某事物]）的权力; 控制: Does seniority give one the right to command? 难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗? * The ship's captain commands all the officers and men. 舰长统率舰上全体官兵.  3 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] be able to use (sth); have at one's disposal 能使用（某事物）; 由某人随意支配; 掌握; 掌管: command funds, skill, resources, etc 掌握资金、技巧、资源等 * She commands great wealth, ie is very rich. 她很富有. * A government minister commands the services of many officials. 政府部长掌管许多官员的工作. * (fig 比喻) The house commands a fine view, ie A fine view can be seen from it. 从这所房子处可一览优美景色.  4 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] deserve and get (sth) 应得; 值得; 博得: Great men command our respect. 伟人受到我们尊敬. * The plight of the famine victims commands everyone's sympathy. 饥民的苦境值得大家同情.  5 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (of a place, fort, etc) be positioned so as to control (sth) （指地方、堡垒等）因地利而能控制（某事物）: The castle commanded the entrance to the valley. 该城堡控制着峡谷的入口.

/kəˈmɑːnd; <i>US</i> -ˈmænd; kə`mænd/ n  1 [C] (a) order 命令: Her commands were quickly obeyed. 她的命令已迅速执行. * Give your commands in a loud, confident voice. 发命令声音要洪亮、坚定. (b) (computing 计) instruction to a computer （给计算机的）指令.  2 [U] (esp military 尤用于军事) control; authority (used esp with the vs and preps shown) 控制, 指挥（尤与下列动词和介词连用）: to have/take command of a regiment, etc 负责[担任]团等部队的指挥 * He should not be given command of troops. 不应该把部队的指挥权交给他. * Who is in command (ie in charge) here? 这里由谁负责? * General Smith is in command of the army. 史密斯将军统率陆军. * The army is under the command of General Smith. 这支军队由史密斯将军指挥. * He has twenty men under his command. 他指挥着二十人.  3 Command [C] part of an army, air force, etc organized and controlled separately （单独组织指挥的）陆军、空军等的一部分; 部队; 军区: Western Command 西部部队 * Bomber Command 轰炸机组的指挥部.  4 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) ability to use or control sth; mastery 使用或控制某事物的能力; 掌握: He has (a) good command of the French language, ie can speak it well. 他精通法语. * He has enormous funds at his command. 他掌握着巨额资金. * He has no command over himself, ie cannot control his feelings, temper, etc. 他不能克制自己.  5 (idm 习语) at/by sb's com`mand (fml 文) having been ordered by sb 奉某人之命的; 受某人指挥的: I am here at the King's command. 在下奉谕旨至此. at the word of command => word. be at sb's com`mand be ready to obey sb 听候某人吩咐. your wish is my command => wish.part of a spacecraft carrying the crew and control equipment 指挥舱（飞行器中的）.performance (of a play, film, etc) given at the request of a head of State (who usu attends) 奉国家元首之命的演出（戏剧、电影等）; （通常为）御前演出.headquarters of a military unit （军事单位的）指挥所[部]./ˌkɒmənˈdænt; ˌkɑmən`dænt/ n commanding officer, esp of a prisoner-of-war camp, military academy, etc 指挥官; 司令; （尤指）战俘营的首长, 军事院校的校长等./ˌkɒmənˈdɪə(r); ˌkɑmən`dɪr/ v [Tn] take possession or control of (vehicles, buildings, etc) forcibly or for official (esp military) purposes 强取, 强占, 徵用（车辆、建筑物等）（尤指作军用）./kəˈmɑːndə(r); <i>US</i> -ˈmæn-; ˌkə`mændɚ/ n  1 person who commands 指挥官; 司令; 队长: the commander of the expedition 探险队队长.  2 (Brit) (a) officer in the British Navy immediately below the rank of captain 海军中校. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) officer of high rank in London's Metropolitan Police （伦敦警务处的）高级警官.n (pl commanders-in-chief) commander of all the armed forces of a country 总司令.adj  1 [attrib 作定语] having the authority to give formal orders 有权发出正式命令的; 指挥的: one's commanding officer 上级指挥官.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] in a position to control or dominate 处于控制或支配地位的: The fort occupies a commanding position. 这堡垒占据控制地位. * One team has already built up a commanding lead. 有一个队已经遥遥领先.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] seeming to have authority; impressive 像有权威的; 给人深刻印象的: a commanding voice, tone, look, etc 威严的声音、声调、神态等./kəˈmɑːndmənt; <i>US</i> -ˈmænd-; kə`mænd-mənt/ n (a) (fml 文) command; order 戒律; 命令: obeying God's commandments 恪守上帝的戒律. (b) Commandment (in the Bible) any of the ten laws given by God to Moses （《圣经》中）上帝给摩西的十诫之一: the Ten Commandments 十诫./kəˈmɑːndəʊ; <i>US</i> -ˈmæn-; kə`mændo/ n (pl ~s or  ~es) (member of a) group of soldiers specially trained for carrying out quick raids in enemy areas 突击队（员）./kəˈmeməreɪt; kə`mɛməˌret/ v [Tn] (a) keep (a great person, event, etc) in people's memories 纪念（伟人、大事件等）: We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们放假一日以庆祝国庆. (b) (of a statue, monument, etc) be a reminder of (sb/sth) （指雕像、纪念碑等）作为对（某人[某事物]）的纪念: This memorial commemorates those who died in the war. 这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的./kəˌmeməˈreɪʃn; kəˌmɛmə`reʃən/ n [C, U] (act of or ceremony for) commemorating 纪念; 庆祝; 纪念仪式: a statue in commemoration of a national hero 纪念民族英雄的雕像./kəˈmemərətɪv; <i>US</i> -ˈmeməreɪt-; kə`mɛməretɪv/ adj helping to commemorate （有助于）纪念的: commemorative stamps, medals, etc 纪念邮票、奖章等./kəˈmens; kə`mɛns/ v [I, Tn, Tg] (fml 文) begin (sth); start 开始（某事物）: Shall we commence (the ceremony)? 开始（举行仪式）好吗? * After grace had been said, we commenced eating. 我们做过感恩祷告後就开始吃饭.n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数]  1 (fml 文) beginning 开始.  2 (esp US) ceremony at which academic degrees are officially given 学位颁授典礼./kəˈmend; kə`mɛnd/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (on/for sth); ~ sb/sth (to sb) speak favourably to or of sb/sth; praise sb/sth 表扬某人[某事物]; 称赞某人[某事物]: Her teaching was highly commended. 她的教学工作受到高度赞扬. * I commended the chef on the excellent meal. I later wrote to commend him to his employer, the restaurant owner. 我称赞厨师做的菜味道好. 随後我给雇用他的餐馆老板写了封信表扬他. (b) ~ sb/sth (to sb) (fml 文) recommend sb/sth 推荐某人[某事物]: That's excellent advice; I commend it to you, ie suggest that you accept it. 那意见极好, 我把它推荐给你.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/itself to sb (fml 文) be acceptable to sb; be liked by sb 为某人所接受; 被某人喜爱: Will this government proposal commend itself to the public? 政府的这项建议公众能欢迎吗?  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (fml 文) give sth to sb so that it will be kept safe; entrust sth to sb 将某物托付给某人保管; 将某事物委托给某人: commend one's soul to God 把自己的灵魂托付给上帝./-əbl; -əbl/ adj deserving praise (even if perhaps not completely successful) 值得称赞的（即使并非完全成功）. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌkɒmenˈdeɪʃn; ˌkɑmən`deʃən/ n (a) [U] praise; approval 称赞; 赞成. (b) [C] ~ (for sth) (award involving the) giving of special praise 表扬; 奖状; 奖励: a commendation for bravery 因勇敢而受奖 * Her painting won a commendation from the teacher. 她的画博得老师的赞扬./kəˈmenʃərət; kə`mɛnʃərɪt/ adj~(to/with sth) (fml 文) in the right proportion (to sth); appropriate （与某事物）成比例的, 适当的, 相称的: Her low salary is not commensurate with her abilities. 她的薪水很低, 与她的能力不相称./ˈkɒment; `kɑmɛnt/ n   1 [C, U] ~ (on sth) written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc) 意见; 解释; 评论; 批评: Have you any comment(s) to make on the recent developments? 你对最近的事态发展有什么评论吗? * The scandal caused a lot of comment, ie of talk, gossip, etc. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论.  2 (idm 习语) ,no `comment (said in reply to a question) I have nothing to say about that （回答问题时所说）无可奉告: `Will you resign, Minister?' `No comment!'｀部长, 你是要辞职吗?＇｀无可奉告.＇

v [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (on sth) make comments; give one's opinion 评论; 发表意见: Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister commented that no decision had yet been made. 首相对询问选举日期一事称尚未作出决定./ˈkɒməntrɪ; <i>US</i> -terɪ; `kɑmənˌtɛrɪ/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (on/of sth) spoken description of an event asit happens 实况报道; 现场解说: a broadcast commentaryof a football match 足球赛实况的广播报道.  2 [C] ~ (on sth) set of explanatory notes on a book, etc （对书等的）集注: a Bible commentary 《圣经》集注./ˈkɒmenteɪt; `kɑmənˌtet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (a) describe, esp on TV or radio, an event as it happens 实况报道（尤指电视或无线电广播）: commentate on an athletics meeting 运动会实况报道. (b) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用于进行时态) do this regularly, as a job 作（实况报道的）解说员./ˈkɒmenteɪtə(r); `kɑmənˌtetɚ/ n ~ (on sth) 1 person who commentates （实况报道的）解说员.  2 person who comments 评论员: an informed commentator on political events 消息灵通的政治评论员.  3 writer of a commentary(2) 集注的作者./ˈkɒmɜːs; `kɑmɝs/ n [U] trade (esp between countries); buying and selling of goods 商业; （尤指国际间的）贸易: We must promote commerce with neighbouring countries. 我们必须促进与邻国的贸易./kəˈmɜːʃl; kə`mɝʃəl/ adj  1 (a) of or for commerce 商业的; 贸易的: commercial law, activity, art 商业的法规、活动、技巧. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of business practices and activities generally 商务的: doing a commercial course at the local college 在本地学院学商科.  2 (a) [attrib 作定语] from the point of view of profit 从营利角度出发的: The play was a commercial success, ie made money. 这出戏从营利角度看, 很成功（赚钱）. (b) making or intended to make a profit 营利的; 以获利为目的的: commercial theatre, music, etc 以获利为目的的剧院、音乐等 * Oil is present in commercial quantities, ie There is enough to make extraction profitable. 石油的储量有商业开采价值. * Her novels are well written and commercial as well. 她的小说写得好, 销路也广.  3 (of TV or radio) financed by broadcast advertisements （指电视或无线电广播）靠广告收入的, 商业性的: I work for a commercial radio station. 我在商业广播电台工作.

n advertisement on TV or radio （电视或无线电中的）广告.person who travels over a large area visiting shops, etc with samples of goods, trying to obtain orders 旅行推销员.van, lorry, etc for transporting goods 商用机动车.=> commercialize/kəˈmɜːʃəlɪzəm; kə`mɝʃəlˌɪzəm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) practices and attitudes concerned with the making of profit 商业主义; 营利主义: excessive commercialism in the theatre 该戏院过分追求利润的经营方式. /kəˈmɜː-ʃəlaɪz; kə`mɝʃəlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) (try to) make money out of (sth) （试图）通过（某事物）赚钱; 商业化: Sport has become much more commercialized in recent years. 体育运动近几年更加商业化了. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv: Commercially, the play was a failure, though the critics loved it. 从营利角度看这出戏失败了, 然而评论家却很赞赏./kəˈmɪzəreɪt; kə`mɪzəˌret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/over sth) (fml 文) feel, or say that one feels, sympathy 同情; 怜悯: I commiserated with her on the loss of her job. 她失去了工作, 我很同情她./kəˌmɪzəˈreɪʃn; kəˌmɪzə`reʃən/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] ~ (on/over sth) (fml  or joc 文或谑) (expression of) sympathy for sb （对某人表示的）同情（的言语）: I expressed my commiserations on his misfortune. 我对他的不幸表示同情. * `I lost again.' `Commiserations (ie I am sorry)!' ｀我又赔钱了.＇｀真遗憾! ＇/ˈkɒmɪsɑː(r); ˌkɑmə`sɑr/ n  1 (formerly) head of a government department in the USSR （旧时）人民委员（苏联政府的部长）.  2 (formerly) officer in the army of the USSR giving political instruction （旧时）政治委员（苏联军队中的）./kəˈmɪʃn; kə`mɪʃən/ n  1 [C] ~ (to do sth) action, task or piece of work given to sb to do （交付某人进行的）行动、任务或工作; 委托: She has received many commissions to design public buildings.她接受多项委托, 设计公共建筑.  2 (often 常作 Commission) [C] (a) group of people authorized to carry out a task （受权执行任务的）委员会: the Civil Service Commission, ie the body that selects staff for the Civil Service 公务员叙用委员会（遴选公务员的机构）. (b) ~ (on sth) group of people officially set up to make an inquiry and write a report 考查团; 调查团: a Royal Commission on (ie reporting on) betting and gambling 由英王委派的赌博调查团.  3 [U] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) doing (sth wrong or illegal 做（坏事或不法的事）): the commission of a crime 犯罪 * a sin of commission (ie actually doing sth wrong) rather than omission 违法罪（主动做坏事）而不是疏忽罪.  4 [C, U] payment to sb for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold 佣金; 回扣; 酬劳金: You get (a) 10% commission on everything you sell. 你可从售出的每种货物中得到10%佣金. * earn 2000 (in) commission 挣得2000英镑酬劳金 * She is working for us on commission, ie is not paid a salary. 她按挣回扣方式为我们工作（没有薪水）.  5 [C] (document signed by the monarch appointing sb to the) rank of an officer in the armed services （帝王签署授予某人的）军官资格（的委任状）: He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job. 他辞去军职而从事平民工作.  6 (idm 习语) in/into com`mission (esp of a ship) in/into service （尤指船、舰）在使用中, 服现役: Some wartime vessels are still in commission. 有些战时的军舰仍在服役. ,out of com`mission (a) (esp of a ship) not in service （尤指船、舰）不在使用中; 退出现役: With several of their planes temporarily out of commission, the airline is losing money. 航空公司因有几架飞机暂时不能使用而正在赔钱. (b) (fig 比喻) not available; not working 不能得到; 不工作: I got flu and was out of commission for a week. 我得了流感,一星期没工作.

v  1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] give a commission(1) to (sb) 交付（某人）任务或工作; 委托: commission an artist to paint a picture 委托画家画一幅画. (b) [Tn] give sb the job of making (sth) 交付某人制作（某物）的工作: He commissioned a statue of his wife. 他请人制作他妻子的雕像.  2 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb as sth appoint sb officially by means of a commission (5) 正式授予某人军官资格（的委任状）: She was commissioned (as a) lieutenant in the Women's Army Corps. 她被委任为陆军妇女队的中尉.  3 [Tn] bring (machinery, equipment, etc) into operation 使（机器、设备等）开始使用: The nuclear plant now being built is expected to be commissioned in five years' time. 正在建造的核电站预计在五年後投产./kəˌmɪʃəˈneə(r); kəˌmɪʃən`ɛr/ n (esp Brit) uniformed attendant at the entrance to a cinema, theatre, hotel, etc who opens the door for people, finds them taxis, etc. （穿制服的）看门人（在电影院、剧场、旅馆等的入口, 为人开门、叫计程车等）.officer in the armed forces who holds a commission （持有委任状的）军官./kəˈmɪʃənə(r); kə`mɪʃənɚ/ n   1 (usu 通常作 Commissioner) member of a commission, esp one with particular duties 委员（尤指有某职责的）; 长官: the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, ie those who are in charge of tax collection in Britain 税务局长（负责英国税务的） * the Civil Service Commissioners, ie those who conduct Civil Service examinations in Britain 公务员叙用委员会委员（负责英国文官考试的）.  2 public official of high rank 高级公共事务官员: The London police force is headed by a commissioner. 伦敦警察由局长领导. * In British India, district commissioners had judicial powers. 在过去的英属印度, 地区长官有审判权.(Brit) solicitor with special authority, to whom people can swear oaths relating to legal documents 宣誓公证人（有权为他人的宣誓作证的律师）./kəˈmɪt; kə`mɪt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Tn] do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish) 做（不合法的、错的或愚蠢的事）; 犯: commit murder, suicide, theft, a blunder, an unforgiveable error, etc 犯凶杀、自杀、偷窃、大错、不可原谅的错误等.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth give or transfer sb/sth to (a state or place) for safe keeping, treatment, etc 将某人[某事物]置于（某状态）或交与或转交（某处）保留、处理等: commit a man to prison, ie have him put in prison 把一男子送进监狱 * commit a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * commit sth to paper/to writing, ie write sth down 把某事写下来 * The body was committed to the flames, ie was burnt. 遗体被火化. * commit a list to memory, ie memorize it 记住一份名单.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) make it impossible for sb/oneself not to do sth, or to do sth else, esp because of a promise; pledge sb/oneself 使某人[自己]不能不做某事或不做另事（尤指因有承诺）; 向某人[自己]保证: I can't come on Sunday: I'm already committed, ie I've arranged to do sth else. 星期天我不能来, 我有事. * commit oneself to a course of action 决定采取一行动 * Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. 你签此表格後就一定要买这批货. * The company has committed funds to an advertising campaign. 公司已决定拨款作广告宣传. * This regiment is already committed to (ie It has been settled that it will fight on) the eastern front. 该团承担东线的战斗任务. * He has committed himself to support his brother's children. 他已答应抚养他弟弟的孩子.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (on sth) give one's opinion openly so that it is difficult to change it 公开表明自己的意见（因而难以更改）: I asked her what she thought, but she refused to commit herself. 我问她她是怎么想的, 但她拒不表示意见. Cf 参看 non-committal.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) send sb to a higher court to be tried 将（某人）送交高一级法院受审: The magistrates committed him for trial at the Old Bailey. 地方法官把他送往伦敦中央刑事法院受审.n  1 [U] ~ (to sth) committing or being committed (commit 2): the commitment of a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * the commitment of funds to medicine 对医学方面的拨款.  2 [C] ~ (to sth/to do sth) thing one has promised to do; pledge; undertaking 承诺; 允诺; 保证; 承担: I'm overworked at the moment  I've taken on too many commitments. 我目前劳累过度--应承的事情太多了. * a commitment to pay 100 to charity 承担捐赠慈善事业100英镑的义务.  3 [U] (approv 褒) state of being dedicated or devoted (to sth) 致力, 献身（于某事物）:We're looking for someone with a real sense of commitmentto the job. 我们在寻求对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人./kəˈmɪtl; kə`mɪtl/ n [U] action of committing (commit 2), esp to prison 交与; 转交; （尤指）入狱, 交押, 收监: [attrib 作定语] At the committal proceedings the police withdrew their case. 警方在转交诉讼程序中撤销了案件.adj (usu approv 通常作褒义) devoted (to a cause, one's job, etc) （对事业、本职工作等）尽忠的,坚定的: a committed Christian, doctor, teacher, communist虔诚的基督徒、尽责的医生、严师、坚定的共产党员. Cf 参看 uncommitted./kəˈmɪtɪ; kə`mɪtɪ/ n [CGp] group of people appointed (usu by a larger group) to deal with a particular matter （通常由较大团体所委派以处理某事务的）委员会: be/sit on a committee 任委员会委员 * The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会已决定辞退他. * the transport committee 运输委员会 * This was discussed in committee, ie by the committee. 这事已经委员会讨论. * [attrib 作定语] a committee meeting, member, decision 委员会的会议、成员、决定./kəˈməʊd; kə`mod/ n  1 piece of bedroom furniture to hold a chamber-pot 便桶箱（放便桶的寝室家具）.  2 chest of drawers （有抽屉的）柜橱./kəˈməʊdɪəs; kə`modɪəs/ adj (fml 文) having a lot of space available for use; roomy 宽敞的: a commodious house, cupboard, suitcase 宽敞的房屋、橱 柜、手提箱./kəˈmɒdətɪ; kə`mɑdətɪ/ n  1 thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home 商品; （尤指）日用品: household commodities, eg pots and pans, cleaning materials, etc 家庭日用品 * (fig 比喻) I lead a very busy life, so spare time is a very precious commodity to me. 我的生活非常忙, 空余时间对我来说是非常珍贵的.  2 (finance 财) article, product or material that is exchanged in (esp international) trade 商品; 货物; （尤指国际贸易中的）物品、产品或材料: Trading in commodities was brisk. 商品交易兴旺. * [attrib 作定语] the commodity/commodities market 商品市场./ˈkɒmədɔː(r); `kɑməˌdɔr/ n  1 officer in the British Navy between the ranks of captain and rear-admiral （英国海军的）准将. =>App 9 见附录9.  2 president of a yacht club （游艇俱乐部的）主席.  3 senior captain of a shipping line （航运公司的）资深船长: the commodore of the Cunard Line 丘纳德航运公司的资深船长./ˈkɒmən; `kɑmən/ adj  1 usual or familiar; happening or found often and in many places 普通的; 通常的; 常见的: a common flower, sight, event 普通的花、风景、事件 * the common cold 感冒 * Is this word in common use? ie Is it commonly used? 这个词常用吗? * Robbery is not common in this area. 这个地区劫案不常见. * Pine trees are common throughout the world. 松树在世界各处都很常见. Cf 参看 uncommon.  2 [attrib 作定语] ~ (to sb/sth) shared by, belonging to, done by or affecting two or more people, or most of a group or society 共有的; 共同做的; 共同受到的: common property, ownership 共有的财产、所有权 * We share a common purpose. 我们有共同的目标. * He and I have a common interest: we both collect stamps. 我和他有共同的爱好, 我们都集邮. * He is French, she is German, but they have English as a common language, ie they can both speak English. 他是法国人, 她是德国人, 但他们以英语作为共同的语言. * measures taken for the common good, ie for the benefit of everyone 为了共同的利益而采取的措施 * A fruity quality is common to all wine made from this grape. 用这种葡萄酿制的所有的葡萄酒有共同的醇味.  3 [attrib 作定语] without special rank or quality; ordinary 一般的, 平常的（没有特殊的级别或特性）: He's not an officer, but a common soldier. 他不是军官而是普通士兵. * the common people, ie the average citizens of a country 老百姓 * common salt 食盐.  4 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people, their behaviour and belongings) (typical) of the lower classes of society, showing a lack of taste and refinement; vulgar （指人、其行为及所有物）（典型的）下层社会的, 低级趣味的, 庸俗的, 粗俗的: common manners, accents, clothes 粗鄙的举止、口音、衣物 * She's so common, shouting like that so all the neighbours can hear! 她非常粗俗, 大喊大叫, 周围的人都能听到!  5 (mathematics 数) belonging to two or more quantities 公共的: a common denominator/factor/multiple 公分母[公因子/公倍数].  6 (idm 习语) be common/public knowledge => knowledge. (as) ,common as `dirt/`muck (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people) very common1(4) （指人）极庸俗的. ,common or `garden ordinary; not unusual 平常的; 普通的: It isn't a rare bird, just a common or garden sparrow. 那不是稀有的鸟, 只不过是普通的麻雀. the ,common `touch ability (esp of sb of high rank) to deal with and talk to ordinary people in a friendly way and without condescension 平易近人的美德（尤指居高位的）: A politician needs the common touch. 政治家需要有平易近人的美德. ,make common `cause (with sb) (fml 文) unite to pursue a shared objective 联合起来追求共同的目标: The rebel factions made common cause (with each other) to overthrow the regime. 各造反派（彼此）联合起来共同推翻政府.

/ˈkɒmən; `kɑmən/ n  1 area of unfenced grassland which anyone may use, usu in or near a village 公地（无篱笆墙的公用草地, 通常在村内或村子附近）: Saturday afternoon cricket on the village common. 星期六下午在村子空地上举行的板球赛. Cf 参看 common land (common1).  2 (idm 习语) have sth in common (with sb/sth) share interests, characteristics, etc 有共同的利益、特点等: Jane and I have nothing in common. 简和我毫无共同之处. * I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处. in common for or by all of a group 共同（的）; 共有（的）; 共用（的）: land owned in common by the residents 居民公有的土地. in common with sb/sth together with sb/sth; like sb/sth 与某人[某事物]一起; 像某人[某事物]一样: In common with many others, she applied for a training place. 她已和许多人一起申请参加训练.

/ˈkɒmən; `kɑmən/ adj  1 usual or familiar; happening or found often and in many places 普通的; 通常的; 常见的: a common flower, sight, event 普通的花、风景、事件 * the common cold 感冒 * Is this word in common use? ie Is it commonly used? 这个词常用吗? * Robbery is not common in this area. 这个地区劫案不常见. * Pine trees are common throughout the world. 松树在世界各处都很常见. Cf 参看 uncommon.  2 [attrib 作定语] ~ (to sb/sth) shared by, belonging to, done by or affecting two or more people, or most of a group or society 共有的; 共同做的; 共同受到的: common property, ownership 共有的财产、所有权 * We share a common purpose. 我们有共同的目标. * He and I have a common interest: we both collect stamps. 我和他有共同的爱好, 我们都集邮. * He is French, she is German, but they have English as a common language, ie they can both speak English. 他是法国人, 她是德国人, 但他们以英语作为共同的语言. * measures taken for the common good, ie for the benefit of everyone 为了共同的利益而采取的措施 * A fruity quality is common to all wine made from this grape. 用这种葡萄酿制的所有的葡萄酒有共同的醇味.  3 [attrib 作定语] without special rank or quality; ordinary 一般的, 平常的（没有特殊的级别或特性）: He's not an officer, but a common soldier. 他不是军官而是普通士兵. * the common people, ie the average citizens of a country 老百姓 * common salt 食盐.  4 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people, their behaviour and belongings) (typical) of the lower classes of society, showing a lack of taste and refinement; vulgar （指人、其行为及所有物）（典型的）下层社会的, 低级趣味的, 庸俗的, 粗俗的: common manners, accents, clothes 粗鄙的举止、口音、衣物 * She's so common, shouting like that so all the neighbours can hear! 她非常粗俗, 大喊大叫, 周围的人都能听到!  5 (mathematics 数) belonging to two or more quantities 公共的: a common denominator/factor/multiple 公分母[公因子/公倍数].  6 (idm 习语) be common/public knowledge => knowledge. (as) ,common as `dirt/`muck (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people) very common1(4) （指人）极庸俗的. ,common or `garden ordinary; not unusual 平常的; 普通的: It isn't a rare bird, just a common or garden sparrow. 那不是稀有的鸟, 只不过是普通的麻雀. the ,common `touch ability (esp of sb of high rank) to deal with and talk to ordinary people in a friendly way and without condescension 平易近人的美德（尤指居高位的）: A politician needs the common touch. 政治家需要有平易近人的美德. ,make common `cause (with sb) (fml 文) unite to pursue a shared objective 联合起来追求共同的目标: The rebel factions made common cause (with each other) to overthrow the regime. 各造反派（彼此）联合起来共同推翻政府.polite behaviour to be expected from a reasonable person 普通礼貌: You'd think he'd have the common decency to apologize for what he said. 你还以为他懂礼貌, 会为他说的话道歉.[U] shared opinions, interests, aims, etc 共同的意见、利益、目标等: The two rival parties have no common ground between them. 这两个敌对的党派之间没有共同点.[U] land that belongs to or may be used by the community, esp in a village 公地（为地区全体居民, 尤指村庄, 所有并使用的土地）. Cf 参看 common2.[U] (in England) law developed from old customs and from decisions made by judges, ie not created by Parliament （英国的）普通法, 习惯法（由古老习俗或由法官判例演变而来的法律, 即非由国会制定者）. Cf 参看 case law (ecase1), statute law (statute). ,common-law `wife, ,common-law husband person with whom a man or woman has lived for some time and who is recognized as a wife or husband under common law, without a formal marriage ceremony 按普通法结合的妻子、丈夫（未举行正式婚礼, 男女已同居一定时间, 为普通法认可者）.(grammar) word that can refer to any member of a class of similar things (eg book or knife) 普通名词（可以指同类事物其中之一的词, 如 book、knife）.practical good sense gained from experience of life, not by special study 常识; 情理: [attrib 作定语] I like her common-sense approach to everyday problems. 我喜欢她在处理日常问题上通情达理的方法.(music 音) two or four beats (esp four crotchets) in a bar 普通拍子（每小节两拍或四拍, 尤指四个四分音符）.n room for use of the teachers or students of a school, college, etc when they are not in class （教师或学生的）公共休息室./ˈkɒmənə(r); `kɑmənɚ/ n one of the common people, not a member of the nobility 平民（非贵族）. Cf 参看 aristocrat, nobleman (noble).adv  1 usually; very often 通常地; 常常地: That very commonly happens. 那种事常常发生. * Thomas, commonly known as Tom. 托马斯, 通常称为汤姆.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) in a common1(4) manner 庸俗地./ˈkɒmənpleɪs; `kɑmənˌples/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) ordinary; not interesting 平常的; 平凡的; 寻常的; 不引起兴趣的: He's not at all exciting, in fact he's really rather commonplace. 他毫不出奇, 实际上平庸得很.

n  1 remark, etc that is ordinary or unoriginal; truism （平淡的或无见地的）言语; 陈词滥调; 老生常谈: a conversation full of mere commonplaces  * He uttered a few commonplaces about peace and democracy. 他泛泛地谈了几句关于和平与民主的话.  2 event, topic, etc that is ordinary or usual （普通的或寻常的）事情、主题等: Air travel is a commonplace nowadays. 现在坐飞机是平常事./ˈkɒmənz; `kɑmənz/ n [pl]  1 the commons (arch 古) the common people 平民百姓.  2 the Commons (Brit) (a) = the House of Commons (house). (b) the members of the House of Commons 下议院议员: the Lords and the Commons 上议院和下议院的议员.  3 (idm 习语) short commons => short1./ˈkɒmənwelθ; `kɑmənˌwɛlθ/ n  1 [C] (a) independent State or community 独立的国家或团体、集体: measures for the good of the commonwealth 有利于集体的措施. (b) group of States that have chosen to be politically linked （政治上相结合的国家组成的）集团: the Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚联邦.  2 the Commonwealth [sing] the association consisting of the UK and various independent States (previously subject to Britain) and dependencies 英联邦（由联合王国及原所辖的自治省和属地组成的联邦）./kəˈməʊʃn; kə`moʃən/ n [U, C] (instance of) noisy confusion or excitement 嘈杂混乱; 骚动不安; 骚扰; 暴乱: The children are making a lot of commotion. 孩子们闹作一团. * Suddenly, there was a great commotion next door. 突然隔壁发生了巨大的骚乱./ˈkɒmjʊnl, kəˈmjuːnl; `kɑmjᴜnl/ adj  1 (a) for the use of all; shared 全体共用的; 分享的: communal land, facilities 共用的土地、设施 * The flat has four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen. 这个单元有四间卧室和一间共用的厨房. (b) of or for a community 集体的; 为集体的: communal life, work 集体的生活、工作.  2 between different groups in a community （集体中的）各个小群体之间的: communal strife, disturbances, etc 派别间的冲突、纷争等 * communal riots between religious sects 不同教派之间的暴力冲突. adv./kəˈmjuːn; kə`mjun/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (together) talk to sb intimately; feel close to sb/sth 与某人亲密地交谈; 与某人[某事物]亲近: commune with one's friends 和朋友亲密谈心 * commune with God in prayer 祈祷时与上帝作灵的沟通 * walking in the woods, communing with nature 在林中散步, 沉浸于大自然中 * friends communing together 在一起亲密交谈的朋友 .

/ˈkɒmjuːn; `kɑmjun/ n [CGp]  1 group of people, not all of one family, living together and sharing property and responsibilities 共同生活、共享财产、分担责任而并非都是一家人的群体; 公社.  2 (in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain) smallest unit of local government, with a mayor and council （法国、比利时、意大利、西班牙的）最小的地方行政区（有市长和地方议会）./kəˈmjuːnɪkəbl; kə`mjunɪkəbl/ adj that can be communicated or transmitted 可传染的; 可传送的: complex ideas not easily communicable to non-experts 对非专业人员不易说清楚的复杂想法 * a communicable disease 传染病./kəˈmjuːnɪkənt; kə`mjunɪkənt/ n  1 person who receives Communion, esp regularly 领受圣餐者（尤指经常领受者）.  2 (fml 文) person who gives information; informer 提供情况的人; 告发者; 检举人; 报信人./kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt; kə`mjunəˌket/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (a) make sth known; convey sth 使某事物被人知晓; 传送某事物: This poem communicates the author's despair. 这首诗流露出作者的绝望心情. * The officer communicated his orders to the men by radio. 军官用无线电向士兵下达命令. (b) pass on sth; transmit sth 传递某事物; 传播: communicate a disease 传播疾病.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) exchange information, news, ideas, etc 交流情况、交换消息、交流思想等: The police communicate (with each other) by radio. 警察通过无线电（互相）联络. (b) [I] convey one's ideas, feelings, etc clearly to others 将想法感情等清楚地传达给别人: A politician must be able to communicate. 政治家必须善于表达自己的观点.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be connected 被联系; 被联接; 被沟通: My garden communicates with the one next door by means of a gate. 我的花园有道门与邻家的相通 * communicating rooms, ie rooms with a connecting door 通间（带通门的房间）./kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn; kəˌmjunə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] act of communicating(1b, 2a, 2b) 传递; 传播; 交流; 交换; 传达; 表达; 传意; 通信; 通讯; 联络: the communication of disease 疾病的传染 * Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聋又哑很难与人交往.  2 [C] (usu fml 通常作文雅语) thing that is communicated; message （被传递的）事物; 信息; 消息: to receive a secret communication 得到一个秘密消息.  3 [U] (also communications [pl]) means of communicating, eg roads, railways, telephone and telegraph lines between places, or radio and TV 交流的方式方法或工具（如公路、铁路、电话及两地间的电报线路或无线电、电视等）: Telephone communications between the two cities have been restored. 两城市间的电话联系已经恢复. * The heavy snow has prevented all communication with the highlands. 大雪阻断了与高地之间的一切联系. * [attrib 作定语] a communication satellite, link, etc 通讯卫星、通讯线路等 * a world communications network 环球通讯网.  4 (idm 习语) be in communication with sb exchange information regularly with sb, usu by letter or telephone 经常与某人互通情况（通常为通过书信或电话）.cord that passes along the length of a train inside the coaches, and that passengers can pull to stop the train in an emergency （火车车厢内供乘客紧急制动时拉的）警报索./kəˈmjuːnɪkətɪv; <i>US</i> -keɪtɪv; kə`mjunə-ˌketɪv/ adj ready and willing to talk and give information 愿意交谈并提供信息的: I don't find Peter very communicative. 我觉得彼得很不爱说话. Cf 参看 reserved./kəˈmjuːnɪən; kə`mjunjən/ n  1 Communion[U] (also Holy Communion) (in the Christian Church) celebration of the Lord's Supper （基督教教会的）圣餐仪式: go to Communion, ie attend church for this celebration 领圣餐（去教堂参加此仪式） * [attrib 作定语] Communion wine 圣餐酒. Cf 参看 eucharist.  2 [C] group of people with the same religious beliefs 教会; 教派: We belong to the same communion. 我们属于同一教会.  3 [U] ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) state of sharing or exchanging the same thoughts or feelings 思想感情相同或交融: poets who are in communion with nature 与大自然情感交融的诗人./kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪ; <i>US</i> kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪ; kəˌmjunə`ke/ n official announcement, esp to the press 官方公报（尤指对新闻界发布的）: A government communique, issued this morning, states that... 今晨发布的政府公报宣称..../ˈkɒmjʊnɪzəm; `kɑmjᴜˌnɪzəm/ n [U]  1 social and economic system in which there is no private ownership and the means of production belong to all members of society 共产主义.  2 Communism (a) political doctrine or movement that aims to establish such a society 共产主义学说; 共产主义运动. (b) system of government by a ruling Communist Party 共产主义制度./ˈkɒmjʊnɪst; `kɑmjᴜnɪst/ n  1 supporter of communism 共产主义者.  2 Communist member of a Communist party or movement 共产党员; 共产主义运动的成员.  adj characterized by, supporting or relating to communism 共产主义的: have communist ideals 有共产主义理想 * a Communist country, government, regime, etc 共产主义的国家、政府、政权等. /ˌkɒmjʊˈnɪstɪk; ˌkɑmjᴜ`nɪstɪk/ adj./kəˈmjuːnətɪ; kə`mjunətɪ/ n  1 the community [sing] the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole 社区; 团体; 集体; 社会: work for the good of the community 为集体利益服务 * [attrib 作定语] community service 社会服务工作  2 [CGp] group of people of the same religion, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests 宗教信仰、种族、职业等方面相同的人构成的集体; 有共同利益的集体: the British community in Paris 在巴黎的英国侨民团体 * a community of monks, ie a group of the same order living together 僧侣团体.  3 [U] condition of sharing, having things in common, being alike in some way 共享, 共有; 共同; 相同: community of interests 利益的一致 * [attrib 作定语] a community spirit, ie a feeling of sharing the same attitudes, interests, etc 集体精神.place where the people of aneighbourhood can meet for sporting activities, educationclasses, social occasions, etc 社区活动中心.(US) fund for helping local people in financial need 社区福利基金.(Brit) centre where young offenders are kept for training, before their release 失足青少年教养所.organized singing in which all present may take part （在场的人都参加的）大合唱./kəˈmjuːtəbl; kə`mjutəbl/ adj ~ (for/into sth) that can be made, paid, etc in a different form 可用不同方式制造、偿付等的: A pension is often commutable into a lump sum. 养老金常可改为一次性总付款./ˌkɒmjuːˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑmjᴜ`teʃən/ n  1 [C, U] replacement of one punishment by another that is less severe 减刑: He appealed for (a) commutation of the death sentence to life imprisonment. 他已上诉请求将死刑减为无期徒刑.  2 (a) [U] replacing one method of payment by another, eg a lump sum instead of a pension 变换付款方法（如以一次性总付款代替年金）. (b) [C] payment made in this way 以上述方式付的款. commu`tation ticket (US) bus or train ticket valid for a fixed number of trips during a given period of time （公共汽车或火车的）长期车票. Cf 参看 season ticket (season)./ˈkɒmjuːteɪtə(r); `kɑmjᴜˌtetɚ/ n device for altering the direction of an electric current 整流器; 换向器./kəˈmjuːt; kə`mjut/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] travel regularly by bus, train or car between one's place of work (usu in a city) and one's home (usu at a distance) 通勤（乘汽车或火车经常往返于市区工作处与郊区住所之间）: She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天通勤于牛津和伦敦之间. * She lives in Oxford and commutes (in). 她住在牛津而通勤来往.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) replace (one punishment) by another that is less severe 减（刑）: commute a death sentence (to one of life imprisonment) 将死刑减刑（改为无期徒刑） * She was given a commuted sentence. 她获减刑判决.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for/into sth) change sth, esp one form of payment, for or into sth else 改变某事物（尤指付款方式）: commute one's pension 改变退休金的付款方式 * commute an annuity into a lump sum 将年金改为一次性总付款.n person who commutes (commute 1) 通勤者: The five o'clock train is always packed with commuters. 五点钟那趟车总是挤满了通勤者. * [attrib 作定语] the commuter belt, ie the area around a large city, from which people commute to work 通勤者居住带（环绕在大城市周围的通勤者居住区）./kəmˈpækt; kəm`pækt/ adj  1 (a) closely packed together 装填紧密的: a compact mass of sand 坚实的沙堆 * Stamp the soil down so that it's compact. 把泥土踩结实. (b) neatly fitted in a small space （在一个小空间里）整齐填满的: a compact flat, car, kit 小型的单元、汽车、箱子等 * The computer looks compact and functional. 这个计算机看起来小巧而实用.  2 (of literary style) condensed; concise （指文体）简洁的, 紧凑的.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] press (sth) firmly together 将（某物）紧压在一起: The compacted snow on the pavement turned to ice. 人行道上被踩实的雪已变成了冰.

/ˈkɒmpækt; `kɑmpækt/ n agreement or contract between two or more parties 协议; 条约; 契约; 合同: The two states made a compact to co-operate against terrorism. 两国签订了反恐怖主义合作协议.

/ˈkɒmpækt; `kɑmpækt/ n  1 small flat portable case for face-powder, usu also containing a powder-puff and a mirror 小粉盒（通常带粉扑和镜子）.  2 (esp US) small car 小型汽车./ˌkɒmpkt ˈdɪsk; ˌkɑmpækt`dɪsk/ small disc for reproducing recorded sound by laser action 激光唱片.adv.n [U]./kəmˈpænɪən; kəm`pænjən/ n  1 (a) person or animal that goes with, or spends much time with, another （相伴的）人或动物; 同伴; 伙伴: my companions on the journey 我的旅伴 * A dog is a faithful companion. 狗是忠实的伙伴. * (fig 比喻) Fear was the hostage's constant companion. 恐惧的心情始终缠绕着人质. (b) person who shares in the work, pleasures, misfortunes, etc of another 与另一人共事、同甘共苦等的人: companions in arms, ie fellow soldiers 战友 * companions in misfortune, ie people suffering together 共患难的人. (c) person with similar tastes, interests, etc 有共同兴趣、爱好等的人: She's an excellent companion. 她是个好伴侣. * They're `drinking companions. 他们是酒友. * His brother is not much of a companion for him. 他哥哥和他志趣不大相投.  2 person employed to live with another (esp sb old or ill) as a friend 受雇的陪伴人（如朋友般与雇主, 尤指老人或病人, 一起生活者）: to take a post as a ,paid com`panion 受雇作陪伴人.  3 one of a matching pair or set of things （成双、成对或成套的）物品之一: [attrib 作定语] The companion volume will soon be published. 这卷书的姊妹篇即将问世.  4 (used in book titles 用于书的题目) handbook; reference book 手册; 参考书: the ,Gardener's Com`panion 《园艺指南》.  5 Companion member of certain distinguished orders (order1 10a) 有某等勋位的人: Com,panion of `Honour 勋爵.  6 (idm 习语) a boon companion => boon2./kəmˈpænɪən weɪ; kəm`pænjən ˌwe/ (also companion) n staircase from a ship's deck to the saloon or cabins 舱梯（由甲板通往大厅或船舱的阶梯）.adj friendly; sociable 友好的; 好交际的.n [U] relationship between friends or companions 友谊; 朋友或伴侣的关系: the companionship of old friends 老交情 * She turned to me for companionship. 她找上我, 要与我为伴./ˈkʌmpənɪ; `kʌmpənɪ/ n  1 [U] being together with another or others 陪伴; 与他人在一起: I enjoy his company, ie I like being with him. 我喜欢和他在一起. * be good, bad, etc company, ie be pleasant, unpleasant, etc to be with 令人愉快、不快等的伙伴.  2 [U] group of people together; number of guests 一群人; 一伙; 客人; 来宾: She told the assembled company what had happened. 她把发生的事告诉了聚会的人. * We're expecting company (ie guests, visitors) next week. 我们下星期有客来访.  3 (often 常作 Company) [CGp] group of people united for business or commercial purposes 公司; 商行: a manufacturing company 制造公司. Cf 参看 firm 2.  4 [CGp] group of people working together 同事; 同仁: a company of players, ie a number of actors regularly performing together 演出团（常在一起演出的演员） * a theatrical company 剧团 * the ship's company, ie the crew 全体船员.  5 [CGp] subdivision of an infantry battalion, usu commanded by a captain or a major 连队（步兵的营以下的单位, 通常由上尉或少校指挥）.  6 (idm 习语) the `company one keeps the type of people with whom one spends one's time 经常与之为伍的人; 伙伴: (saying 谚) You may know a man by the company he keeps, ie judge his character by his friends. 观其友则知其人. for company as a companion 作伴; 一起: I hate going out alone: I take my daughter for company. 我不愿独自一人出门, 带女儿作个伴. get into/keep bad `company associate with undesirable people 与坏人交往. in company in the presence of others 当着别人的面: It's bad manners to whisper in company. 当着别人窃窃私语是不礼貌的行为. in company with sb together with sb 和某人一起: I, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong. 我, 还有许多人, 都觉得这个决定是错误的. in good `company doing the same as other, better people do 与他人、比自己强的人做得一样: `I'm late again!' `Well, you're in good company. The boss isn't here yet.' ｀我又迟到了!＇｀没关系, 有跟你做伴儿的. 老板还没来呢.＇ keep sb company remain with sb so that he is not alone 陪伴某人; 给某人做伴: I'll stay here andkeep you company. 我留下陪你. part company => part2.present company excepted => present1. two's company (, three's a crowd) (saying 谚) (used esp of people in love) it is better for two people to be alone with each other and without others present （尤指恋人）两人为伴（三人添乱）. best. 他的工作可与最优秀的相比./ˈkɒmpərəbl; `kɑmpərəbl/ adj ~ (to/with sb/sth) able or suitable to be compared 可比较的; 适合相比的: The achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable. 运动员的成就与作家的成就不能相提并论. * His work is comparable with the very best. 他的工作可与最优秀的相比./kəmˈpærətɪv; kəm`pærətɪv/ adj  1 involving comparison or comparing 比较的; 相比的: comparative linguistics, religion, etc 比较语言学、宗教等 * a comparative study of the social systems of two countries, ie one that analyses the similarities and differences between them 两国社会制度的比较研究.  2 measured or judged by comparing; relative 经比较而衡量或判断的; 相对的; 比较而言的: living in comparative comfort, eg compared with others, or with one's own life at an earlier period 生活比较舒适（如与他人或与自己以前相比） * In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth. 在贫穷的国家里, 有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象徵.  3 (grammar) (of adjectives and adverbs) expressing a greater degree or `more', eg better, worse, slower, more difficult （指形容词和副词）比较级的（如 better、worse、slower、more difficult）. Cf 参看 superlative 2.

n (grammar) form of adjectives and adverbs that expresses a greater degree （形容词和副词的）比较级形式: `Better' is the comparative of `good'. better是good的比较级.adv as compared to sth or sb else 比较地: comparatively wealthy, small, good, old 比较富裕的、小的、好的、老的./kəmˈpeə(r); kəm`pɛr/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B; ~ A with/to B examine people or things to see how they are alike and how they are different 比较: Compare (the style of) the two poems. 将这两首诗（的风格）加以比较. * If you compare her work with his/If you compare their work, you'll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 就会发现她的好得多. Cf 参看 cf, cp abbrs 缩写.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ A to B show the likeness between sb/sth and sb/sth else 显示某人[某事物]与他人[他事物]相同: Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡. * A beginner's painting can't be compared to that of an expert, ie is very different in quality. 初学者的画不能与专家的相比（水平极不相同）.  3 [Ipr] ~ with sb/sth be compared with or be worthy to be compared with sb/sth 和某人[某事物]相比或值得相比: This cannot compare with that, ie No comparison is possible because they are so different. 这个无法与那个相比（因二者相去甚远, 不能相比）. * He cannot compare with (ie is not nearly as great as) Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 在悲剧写作方面他根本不能与莎士比亚相比.  4 [Tn] (grammar) form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or adverb) 构成（形容词或副词的）比较级和最高级.  5 (idm 习语) compare `notes (with sb) exchange ideas or opinions 交换意见、观点、看法: We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards. 我们各自看了那出戏, 後来交换了意见.

n (idm 习语) beyond com`pare (fml 文) to such an extent that no comparison can be made with anything or anyone else 无可比拟; 举世无双; 绝伦; 绝顶: She is lovely beyond compare. 她真是可爱得无与伦比./kəmˈpærɪsn; kəm`pærəsn/ n  1 [U] comparing 比较: He showed us a good tyre for comparison (with the worn one). 他给我们看一个好轮胎（与磨损的）作比较.  2 [C] ~ (of A and/to/with B); ~ (between A and B) act of comparing 相比; 对比; 对照: the comparison of the heart to/with a pump 把心脏比作唧筒 * It is often useful to make a comparison between two things. 将两件事物相比较往往是有益的.  3 (idm 习语) bear/stand comparison with sb/sth be able to be compared favourably with sb/sth 比得上某人[某事物]; 不亚于某人[某事物]: That's a good dictionary, but it doesn't bear comparison with this one. 那是本好词典, 但比不上这本. by/in comparison (with sb/sth) when compared 相比之下; 比较起来: The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those in New York. 伦敦最高的建筑物与纽约的一比就矮了. comparisons are odious (saying 谚) people and things should be judged on their own merits and not measured against sb/sth else 人和事物应以本身的好坏来衡量, 不应以他人[他事物]作尺度; 人比人, 气死人. there's no com`parison (used to emphasize the difference between two people or things being compared 用以强调相比较的两人之间或两事物之间的差别): `Is he as good as her at chess?' `There's no comparison', ie She is much better. ｀他下棋也像她下得一样好吗?＇｀根本不能比（她下得好得多）.＇/kəmˈpɑːtmənt; kəm`pɑrtmənt/ n any of the sections into which a larger area or enclosed space, esp a railway carriage, is divided 隔间（尤指火车车厢中的）; 车室: The first-class compartments are in front. 头等车室在前面. * a case with separate compartments for shoes, jewellery, etc 分格存放鞋、珠宝等的箱子.=> compartmentalize/-ˈmentəlaɪz; -`mɛntlˌaɪz/v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) divide sth into compartments or categories 将某事物分成隔间或部分: Life today is compartmentalized into work and leisure. 现今生活分成工作和闲暇两部分./ˈkʌmpəs; `kʌmpəs/ n  1 [C] (a) (also magnetic compass) device for finding direction, with a needle that points to magnetic north 指南针; 罗盘; 罗经: the points of the compass, ie N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, etc 罗经上的方位（北、东北、东、东南、南、西南、西、西北等）. (b) similar device for determining direction （指示方向的）类似装置: a radio compass 无线电罗经.  2 [C] (also compasses [pl]) V-shaped instrument with two legs joined by a hinge, used for drawing circles, measuring distances on a map or chart, etc 圆规; 两脚规: a pair of compasses 一只圆规. =>illus 见插图.  3 [U] scope; range 界线; 范围: beyond the compass of the human mind 超出人类智力范围 * the compass of a singer's voice, ie the range from the lowest to the highest note that he or she can reach 歌手的音域.

/ˈkʌmpəs; `kʌmpəs/ v [Tn] (arch 古) = encompass 2./kəmˈpæʃn; kəm`pæʃən/ n [U] ~ (for sb) pity for the sufferings of others, making one want to help them 同情; 怜悯: be filled with compassion 充满怜悯 * a woman of great compassion 富有同情心的女子 * The plight of the refugees arouses our compassion. 难民的困苦引起我们的同情. * Out of (ie Because of) compassion for her terrible suffering they allowed her to stay. 他们因为同情她的悲惨遭遇而准许她居留. * They took compassion on her children and offered them a home. 他们因可怜她的孩子而给他们提供了住处./kəmˈpæʃənət; kəm`pæʃənɪt/ adj showing or feeling compassion 表示怜悯的; 有同情心的. compassionately adv. compassionate leave (Brit) leave2(1) granted (eg to a member of the armed forces) because of some special personal circumstance 特殊私事假（如准予军人的）: She was allowed compassionate leave from work to attend her father's funeral. 她获准丧假为父亲送葬./kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ; kəmˌpætə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) state of being compatible 适合; 共存; 符合; 相容./kəmˈpætəbl; kəm`pætəbl/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) (a) (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together （指人、想法、论点、原则等）适合的; 适宜的; 能共存的; 符合的; 相容的: The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居. * driving a car at a speed compatible with safety, ie at a safe speed 以符合安全要求的速度驾驶. (b) (of equipment) that can be used together （指设备）可协同使用的, 兼容的: This printer is compatible with most microcomputers. 这台打印机是与大多数微型电子计算机兼容的./-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./kəmˈpætrɪət; <i>US</i> -ˈpeɪt-; kəm`petrɪət/ n person who was born in, or is a citizen of, the same country as another; fellow-countryman 同胞; 同国人./ˈkɒmpɪə(r); `kɑmpɪr/ n (fml 文) person of equal status or ability （地位、能力）相等的人; 同辈人; 同代人: be much respected by one's compeers 备受同辈尊重./kəmˈpel; kəm`pɛl/ v (-ll-)  1 [Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth; force 使（某人）做某事; 强迫: We cannot compel you to (do it), but we think you should. 我们不能强迫你（去做）, 但认为你应该做. * I was compelled to (ie I had to) acknowledge the force of his argument. 我不得不承认他的论据有力. Cf 参看 impel.  2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (fml 文) (a) get (sth) by force or pressure; make necessary 强夺、强求（某物）; 强迫; 使必须: You can compel obedience, but not affection. 可以逼人服从, 却无法逼人生爱. * Circumstances have compelled a change of plan. 因情况所迫, 计划已经改变. (b) (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (fig 比喻) inspire (sth) irresistibly （不可抗拒地）激起, 激发（某事物）: His courage compels universal admiration. 他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬.adj (a) extremely interesting and exciting, so that one has to pay attention 使人非注意不可的: a compelling novel, account, story, etc 引人入胜的小说、报道、故事等. (b) that one must accept or agree with 必须接受或同意的: a compelling reason, argument, etc 不得不同意的理由、论点. Cf 参看 compulsion./kəmˈpendɪəs; kəm`pɛndɪəs/ adj (fml 文) giving a lot of information briefly 扼要的; 简要的; 简明的; 精练的; 简练的: a compendious writer, handbook, catalogue 文笔简练的作家、简明手册、要目./kəmˈpendɪəm; kəm`pɛndɪəm/ n (pl ~s or  -ia) ~ (of sth)  1 brief but full account; summary 简洁而全面的叙述; 摘要; 概要; 纲要: This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 这部百科全书真正是知识宝库.  2 (Brit) set of different board games sold in one box （装在一个盒子里出售的）各种棋类游戏用具./ˈkɒmpenseɪt; `kɑmpɛnˌset/ v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury, etc; recompense 补偿; 赔偿; 报偿; 报酬: Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 失去健康是无法补偿的. * The animal's good sense of smell compensates for its poor eyesight. 这动物嗅觉灵敏弥补了视力之不足. * She was compensated by the insurance company for her injuries. 她受伤後获得保险公司的赔偿./ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn; ˌkɑmpɛn`seʃən/ n ~ (for sth) (a) [U] compensating 补偿; 赔偿; 报偿: Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot. 公司花了一大笔钱赔偿受伤的工人. (b) [U, C] thing given to compensate 补偿或赔偿的物或款; 报酬: receive 5000 in compensation/by way of compensation/as a compensation for injury 因受伤获5000英镑赔偿 * My job is hard, but it has its compensations, ie pleasant aspects that make it seem less bad. 我的工作虽苦, 但也有所补偿（有好的方面因而不觉得太苦）./ˌkɒmpenˈseɪtərɪ; <i>US</i> kəmˈpensə-tɔːrɪ; kəm`pɛnsəˌtɔrɪ/ adj compensating 补偿的; 赔偿的; 报偿的; 报酬的: compensatory payments 赔款./ˈkɒmpeə(r); `kɑmpɛr/ n (Brit) person who introduces the performers in a variety programme or game show, esp on radio or television （杂耍、游戏等表演的）主持人（尤指广播或电视中的）.

v [Tn] (Brit) act as a compere for (a show) 当（演出的）主持人./kəmˈpiːt; kəm`pit/ v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb) (in sth) (for sth) try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争; 对抗; 比赛: Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争. * a horse that has competed in the Grand National four times 参加过四次｀英国大赛马＇的马 * We have limited funds and several competing claims, so it is hard to choose between them. 我们的基金有限而争相申请的却有几处, 因此难于做出决择./ˈkɒmpɪtəns; `kɑmpətəns/ n [U]  1 ~ (for/as/in sth); ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) being competent; ability 胜任; 能力; 称职: No one doubts her competence as a teacher. 谁也不怀疑她能胜任教师工作. * competence in solving problems 解决问题的能力.  2 ~ (to do sth) (of a court, a judge, etc) legal authority （指法院、法官等的）管辖权, 权限: matters within/beyond the competence of the court, ie ones that it can/cannot legally deal with 法院权限以内[以外]的事（法院依法能[不能]解决的事）./ˈkɒmpɪtənt; `kɑmpətənt/ adj  1 ~ (as/at/in sth); ~ (to do sth) (of people) having the necessary ability, authority, skill, knowledge, etc （指人）有能力、权力、技能、知识等的; 能胜任的; 能干的: a highly competent driver 技术高超的司机 * competent at/in one's work 能胜任工作的 * He's not competent to look after young children. 他没有看小孩的本事.  2 quite good, but not excellent 不错的（但并不出色）: a competent piece of work 良好的作品 * The novel may be a best seller, but it's no more than a competent piece of writing. 这部小说就算能畅销, 也不过是平平之作. adv/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn; ˌkɑmpə`tɪʃən/ n  1 [C] event in which people compete; contest 比赛; 竞赛: boxing, chess, beauty competitions 拳击、棋类、选美竞赛 * He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport.  2 [U] ~ (between/with sb) (for sth) competing; activity in which people compete 竞争; 角逐: Competition between bidders for this valuable painting has been keen. 拍卖时各出价人对这幅名画竞争很激烈. * We're in competition with (ie competing against) several other companies for the contract. 我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同.  3 the competition [sing or pl v] those competing against sb 竞争者; 对手: She had a chance to see the competition (ie the other people who were trying to get the same job as she was) before the interview. 她在面试之前有机会见到了对手（与她竞争同一职位者）./kəmˈpetətɪv; kəm`pɛtətɪv/ adj  1 of or involving competition 比赛的; 竞争的: competitive examinations for government posts 公职遴选考试 * competitive sports 竞技性体育运动 * the competitive spirit, ie enjoying competition 竞争精神（乐于竞争）.  2 ~ (with sb/sth) able to do as well as or better than others 不逊于、不亚于、胜过或超过他人的: Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势. * a shop offering competitive prices, ie as low as in any other shop 在价格上有竞争力的商店.  3 (of people) having a strong urge to win （指人）求胜心切的, 急于取胜的: You have to be highly competitive to do well in sport nowadays. 如今必须有高度的竞争意识才能在体育运动中取胜. adv: competitively priced goods 在价格上有竞争力的货物./kəmˈpetɪtə(r); kəm`pɛtətɚ/ n person who competes 竞争者; 比赛者; 对手; 敌手: The firm has better products than its competitors, ie than rival firms. 这公司的产品比其对手的好（比与其竞争的其他公司）. Cf 参看 contestant (contest)./ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃn; ˌkɑmpɪ`leʃən/ n (a) [U] compiling 编辑; 编纂; 编制; 编写; 编译. (b) [C] thing that is compiled 编辑物: Her latest album is a com-pilation of all her best singles. 她最新的一套唱片是她的最佳单曲唱片的汇集./kəmˈpaɪl; kəm`paɪl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc 收集（资料）并编辑（成书、表、报告等）: compiling statistics for a report on traffic accidents 为交通事故报告汇集统计数字. (b) ~ sth (from sth) produce (a book, list, report, etc) in this way 编纂, 编辑, 编制, 编写（书、表、报告等）: The police have compiled a list of suspects. 警方已编制了涉嫌者名单. * a guidebook compiled from a variety of sources 汇集多方资料编辑的旅行指南.  2 [Tn] (computing 计) turn instructions in a high-level language into (information in a form that a particular computer can understand and act on) 编译（将高级语言指令转换成代码, 使某计算机可识别并照其执行）./kɒmˈpaɪlə(r); kəm`paɪlɚ/ n  1 person who compiles 编辑者; 汇编者; 编纂者.  2 (computing 计) computer program that turns instructions in a high-level language into a form that the computer can understand and act on 将高级语言指令转换为计算机可识别并照其执行的编译程序./kəmˈpleɪsnsɪ; kəm`plesnsɪ/ (also complacence / -5pleIsns; -`plesns/) n ~ (about sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) calm feeling of satisfactionwith oneself, one's work, etc 自满; 自得: There's no room for complacency; we must continue to try to improve. 我们不能自满, 必须继续努力改进./kəmˈpleɪsnt; kəm`plesnt/ adj ~ (about sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) calmly satisfied with oneself, one's work, etc 自满的; 自鸣得意的: a complacent smile, manner, tone of voice 自满的微笑、姿态、声调 * We must not be complacent about our achievements; there is still a lot to be done. 我们绝不能满足于自己的成绩, 还有很多事情要做. adv./kəmˈpleɪn; kəm`plen/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ (to sb) (about/at sth) (often derog 常作贬义) say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy, etc 投诉; 抱怨; 诉苦; 发牢骚: You're always complaining! 你总是发牢骚! * (infml 口) `What was the weather like on your holiday?' `Oh, I can't complain', ie It was as good as could be expected.｀你度假时天气怎么样?＇｀　, 没说的（要多好有多好）. * She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我诉苦说他粗鲁. * He complained (to the waiter) that his meal was cold. 他（向服务员）抱怨说饭菜是凉的.  2 (phr v) complain of sth report (a pain, etc) 诉说（病痛等）; 主诉: The patient is complaining of acute earache. 病人说耳部剧痛. /kəmˈpleɪnənt; kəm`plenənt/ n (law 律) = plaintiff.adv: `Why me?' he asked complainingly. ｀为什么偏偏是我呢?＇他不满地问./kəmˈpleɪnt; kəm`plent/ n  1 [U] complaining抱怨; 埋怨; 不满: The road-works caused much complaint among local residents. 修路引起周围居民很多怨言. * You have no cause/grounds for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨.  2 [C] ~ (about/of sth); ~ (that...) (a) reason for dissatisfaction 不满的原因: I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you've given me. 我对你给我的旅馆房间有几点不满意见. (b) statement of dissatisfaction 申诉; 投诉; 诉苦; 控诉; 控告: She lodged a complaint about the noise. 她就噪音问题提出投诉. * submit a formal complaint 提出正式控告 * We've received a lot of complaints of bad workmanship. 很多人向我们投诉产品工艺低劣. * Management ignored our complaints that washing facilities were inadequate. 我们投诉卫生设备不足, 管理部门不予理睬. * [attrib 作定语] follow the complaints procedure 按照投诉程序.  3 [C] (sometimes euph 有时作委婉语) illness; disease 疾病; 病: a heart complaint 心脏病 * childhood complaints, ie illnesses common among children 小儿常见病./kəmˈpleɪzəns; kəm`plezns/ n [U] (fml 文) willingness to do what pleases others 讨好; 殷勤./-zənt; -znt/ adj (fml 文) ready to please; obliging 讨好的; 殷勤的: a complaisant husband 殷勤的丈夫./ˈkɒmplɪmənt; `kɑmpləmənt/ n  1 ~ (to sth) thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete 相配合的事物; 补充物; 补足物: Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish. 有咖喱的菜配米饭最妙.  2 the complete number or quantity needed or allowed 需要的或允许的数额: We've taken on our full complement of new trainees for this year. 我们今年招收的新学员已经满额了. * the ship's complement, ie all the officers and other sailors 船上的编制名额（全体军官和水兵或高级船员和水手）.  3 (grammar) word(s), esp adjectives and nouns, used after linking verbs such as be and become, and describing the subject of the verb 补语（尤指在连系动词如be become等之後, 用以描述动词之主语的形容词或名词）: In the sentence `I'm angry', `angry' is the complement. 在I'm angry一句中, angry是补语.

/ˈkɒmplɪmənt; `kɑmpləˌmɛnt/ v [Tn] combine well (and often contrastingly) with (sth) to form a whole 与（某事物）结合（相辅相成）: His business skill complements her flair for design. 他的经营技巧和她的设计才能相辅相成. Cf 参看 compliment./ˌkɒmplɪˈmentrɪ; ˌkɑmplə`mɛntərɪ/ adj ~ (to sth) combining well to form a balanced whole 紧密结合成相称的整体: They have complementary personalities, ie Each has qualities which the other lacks. 他们二人的性格可取长补短（各自有对方缺乏的性格）. * His personality is complementary to hers. 他的个性与她的相反相成. ,complementary `angle either of two angles which together make 90  余角（两角之和为90这两个角就互为余角）. ,complementary `colour colour of light which when combined with a given colour makes white light (eg blue with yellow) 互补色（混合後产生白色光的两种色光, 如蓝和黄）./kəmˈpliːt; kəm`plit/ adj  1 having all its parts; whole 完整的; 完全的; 全部的; 整个的: a complete set, collection, etc 完善的设备、全部收藏等 * a complete edition of Shakespeare's works, ie one that includes all of them 莎士比亚全集 * a radio complete with a carrying case, ie having it as an additional feature 带套的手提收音机.  2 [pred 作表语] finished; ended 完成; 结束: When will the building work be complete? 建筑工作何时完成?  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] thorough; in every way; total 彻底的; 全面的; 完全的: a complete stranger, idiot, nonentity 素不相识的人、十足的白痴、完全的虚构 * It was a complete surprise to me. 这对我完全是件意外的事.

/kəmˈpliːt; kəm`plit/ v [Tn]  1 (a) make (sth) whole or perfect 使（某事物）圆满、完善: I only need one volume to complete my set of Dickens's novels. 我那套狄更斯小说只差一卷就能配齐了. * A few words of praise from her would have completed his happiness. 她要是能夸他两句, 他也就心满意足了. (b) bring (sth) to an end; finish 使（某事物）结束; 完成: When will the railway be completed? 铁路何时竣工?  2 fill in (a form, etc) 填（表格等）: Complete your application in ink. 用钢笔填申请表.adv wholly; totally 完整地; 完全地; 圆满地: completely innocent, happy, successful 完全无辜、十分高兴、圆满成功.n [U]./kəmˈpliːʃn; kəm`pliʃən/ n [U]  1 (a) action of completing 完成（指动作）: Completion of the building work is taking longer than expected. 建筑工程的竣工比预计的时间要长. (b) state of being complete 完成: The film is nearing completion. 电影制作即将完成. * [attrib 作定语] its completion date 完成的日期.  2 (commerce 商) formal completing of a contract of sale （销售契约手续的）正式完成: You may move into the house on completion. 办完房屋买卖契约手续後, 你就可以搬进去./ˈkɒmpleks; <i>US</i> kəmˈpleks; kəm`plɛks/ adj (a) made up of (usu several) closely connected parts 由密切联系的部分组成的; 联合的; 复合的: a complex system, network, etc 联合的体系、网等 * (grammar) a complex sentence, ie one containing subordinate clauses 主从复合句（含有从句的句子）. (b) difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts （因有很多部分）难于理解或解释的; 复杂的: a complex argument, theory, subject, etc 复杂的论证、理论、学科等. Cf 参看 complicated (complicate).

/ˈkɒmpleks; `kɑmplɛks/ n  1 group of connected or similar things 相联或相似的综合事物: a big industrial complex, ie a site with factories, etc 大型工业联合体（建有工厂等的场地） * a sports/leisure complex, ie a set of buildings or facilities for sports/leisure 运动的[娱乐的]综合场所.  2 (a) (psychology 心) abnormal mental state resulting from past experience or suppressed desires 情结（由以往的经历或被压抑的欲望引起的精神失常状态）: a persecution complex 受迫害情结 * an inferiority complex 自卑情结. (b) (infml 口) obsessive concern or fear 无法摆脱的忧虑或恐惧: He has a complex about his weight/has a weight complex. 他对自己的体重提心吊胆./kəmˈplekʃn; kəm`plɛkʃən/ n  1 natural colour and appearance of the skin of the face （天生的）面色, 脸色, 面貌: a good, dark, fair, sallow, etc complexion 脸色好、黑、白、黄等.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) general character or aspect of sth 某事物总的特性或方面: Her resignation puts a different complexion on things, ie changes one's view of the affair. 她一辞职则情随事迁（使人改变了对事务的看法）. * a victory that changed the complexion of the war, ie made the probable result different, gave hope of an early end, etc 扭转战局的胜利./kəmˈpleksətɪ; kəm`plɛksətɪ/ n (a) [U] state of being complex 复杂性; 错综复杂的状态: a problem of great complexity 极复杂的问题. (b) [C] complex thing 复杂的事物: the complexities of higher mathematics 高等数学的难题./kəmˈplaɪəns; kəm`plaɪəns/ n [U] ~ (with sth)  1 action in accordance with a request or command; obedience 服从; 听从; 遵从; 顺从: Compliance (with the rules) is expected of all members. 要求全体人员都遵守（制度）. * In compliance with your wishes (ie As you have requested) we have withdrawn our suggestion. 遵照你的要求我们已将建议撤销.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) tendency to agree (too readily) to do what others want 百依百顺; 承颜候色. Cf 参看 comply./kəmˈplaɪənt; kəm`plaɪənt/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (too) willing to comply (with other people, with rules, etc) （对于他人、规章等）（过于）顺从的, 百依百顺的, 惟命是听的: The Government, compliant as ever, gave in to their demands. 政府同往常一样唯唯诺诺, 对他们的要求作出让步./ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt; `kɑmpləˌket/ v [Tn] make (sth) more difficult to do, understand or deal with 使（某事）复杂化: Her refusal to help complicates matters. 她不肯帮忙, 事情就更难办了.adj (a) (often derog 常作贬义) made up of many interconnected parts 结构复杂的: complicated wiring, machinery 复杂的线路、机器 * a complicated diagram 复杂的图表. (b) difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts （因复杂）难于理解或解释的: a complicated situation, process, relationship, plot 复杂的情况、过程、关系、情节 * He's married to her, and she's in love with his brother-in-law, and...oh, it's too complicated to explain! 他已经跟她结了婚, 可她又爱上他姐夫, 而且...哎, 太乱了, 说不清! Cf 参看 complex1./ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌkɑmplə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] state of being complex, intricate or difficult; involved condition 复杂、错综或困难的状态; 复杂的情况: I have enough complication in my life without having to look after your sick pets! 即使不给你照看那些生病的小宠物, 我生活里的麻烦事就已经够多了!  2 [C] thing that makes a situation more complex or difficult 使情况更加复杂或困难的事物: A further complication was Fred's refusal to travel by air. 更麻烦的是弗雷德不肯坐飞机.  3 complications [pl] (medical 医) new illness, or new development of an illness, that makes treatment more difficult 并发症: Complications set in, and the patient died. 病人因出现并发症而死亡./kəmˈplɪsətɪ; kəm`plɪsətɪ/ n [U] ~ (in sth) action of taking part with another person (in a crime or some other wrongdoing); shared responsibility 合谋; 串通: He was suspected of complicity in her murder. 他涉嫌合谋将她杀害./ˈkɒmplɪmənt; `kɑmpləmənt/ n  1 [C] ~ (on sth) expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc 赞美、敬佩、赞成等的表示: One likes to hear compliments on one's appearance. 人人都爱听夸奖自己容貌的话. * She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings, ie praised them. 她极为赞赏我的画. * (fig 比喻) These beautiful flowers are a compliment to the gardener's skill, ie show how skilful he is. 这些艳丽的花朵就是对园丁技艺的赞美.   2 compliments [pl] (fml 文) greetings, usu as part of a message 致意, 问候, 祝贺（通常作为传达音讯的一部分）: My compliments to your wife, ie Please give her a greeting from me. 向您的夫人致意（请转达我的问候）. * Compliments of the season, eg said at Christmas or the New Year. 谨致节日的祝贺（如在圣诞节或新年时说的）. * The flowers are with the compliments of (ie are a gift from) the management. 这鲜花是主管部门送的礼物.  3 (idm 习语) a left-handed compliment=> left-handed (left2).

/ˈkɒmplɪment;`kɑmpləˌmɛnt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) express praise or admiration of sb （对某人）表示赞美或敬佩: I complimented her on her skilful performance. 我钦佩她　熟的技艺. Cf 参看 complement.small piece of paper, usu with the words `with compliments' on it, sent with a free sample, gift, etc （附在样品、礼品上, 通常写有｀敬赠＇字样的）赠礼便条./ˌkɒmplɪˈmentrɪ; ˌkɑmplə`mɛntərɪ/ adj  1 expressing admiration, praise, etc 表示崇敬、赞美、称赞、赞许等的: a complimentary remark, review, pat on the back 赞美的言辞、褒扬的评论、在背上拍一下的赞许表示 * She was highly complimentary about my paintings. 她对我的画给予了高度评价.  2 given free of charge by the producer or owner （生产者或所有者给的）赠品: a complimentary seat, ticket, copy of a book 优待席、赠券、赠书./ˈkɒmplɪn; `kɑmplɪn/ n [U] (in the Roman Catholic and High Anglican church) last service of the day （天主教和英国圣公会的）晚祷: attend compline 参加晚祷./kəmˈplaɪ; kəm`plaɪ/ v (pt, pp complied) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) do as one is requested, commanded, etc; obey 按要求、命令去做; 依从; 顺从; 听从; 服从: She was told to pay the fine, but refused to comply. 通知她交纳罚款, 但她拒不服从. * The rules must be complied with, ie obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守. Cf 参看 compliance./kəmˈpəʊnənt; kəm`ponənt/ n any of the parts of which sth is made （某事物的）组成部分; 成分; 零部件: the components of an engine, a camera, etc 发动机、照相机等的部件 * a factory supplying components for the car industry 为汽车制造业提供零部件的工厂 * (fig 比喻) Surprise is an essential component of my plan. 我这项计划主要就是想使人惊喜一下.

adj [attrib 作定语] being one of the parts of a whole （整体中的）一部分的; 组成的: analysing the component parts of a sentence 分析句子的成分./kəmˈpɔːt; kəm`pɔrt/ v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth (fml 文) conduct oneself in the specified way; behave （行为）表现: comport oneself with dignity/in a dignified manner 举止庄重.n [U] (fml 文) behaviour 举止; 行为; 表现./ˌkɒmpəs ˈmentɪs; `kɑmpəs`mɛntɪs/ (also compos) adj [pred 作表语] (Latin infml or joc 拉, 口或谑) having control of one's mind; sane 能控制住神志; 心智健全: He's not quite compos mentis, ie He's a little mad. 他有点儿疯./kəmˈpəʊz; kəm`poz/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] write (music, opera, etc) 写, 创作（乐曲、歌剧等）: She began to compose (songs) at an early age. 她年轻时就已开始创作（歌曲）. (b) [Tn] (fml 文) write (a poem, speech, etc) 写（诗、讲稿等）: I'm composing a formal reply to the letter. 我正写一封郑重其事的回信.  2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (fml 文) (of parts or elements of sth) form (a whole); constitute （指某事物的部分或成分）构成（整体）; 组成: the short scenes that compose the play 组成该剧的各场. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise.  3 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] bring (oneself/sth) under control; calm 使（自己[某事物]）安定, 平静, 镇静, 冷静: His mind was in such a whirl that he could hardly compose his thoughts. 他心乱如麻难以镇定下来. * Please compose yourself; there's no need to get excited! 请镇静, 不必激动! Cf 参看 composure.  4 [Tn] put (printing type) in order, to form words, paragraphs, pages, etc 将（铅字）排成词、段、页等. Cf 参看 compositor.adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth made up or formed from sth （由某事物）组成或构成: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧化合而成的. * The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise.  2 with one's feelings under control; calm 控制住感情的; 克制的; 镇静的; 平静的: a composed person, manner, look 镇静的人、态度、表情. composedly/ kEm5pEUzIdlI; kEm`pozIdlI/ adv: She talked composedly to reporters about her terrible ordeal. 她沉着地向记者谈了自己可怕的经历./kəmˈpəʊzə(r); kɑm`pozɚ/ n person who composes (esp music) 创作者（尤指乐曲的）./ˈkɒmpəzɪt; kɑm`pɑzɪt/ n, adj [attrib 作定语] (thing) made up of different parts or materials （由不同的成分或材料）组成的（事物）; 混合的; 合成的; 混合物: The play is a composite of reality and fiction. 这出戏是现实与虚构的混合物. * a composite substance 混合物 * a composite illustration, ie one made by putting together two or more separate pictures 拼图./ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; ˌkɑmpə`zɪʃən/ n 1 [C] thing composed, eg a piece of music, a poem or a book 作品（如乐曲、诗或书）: `Swan Lake' is one of Tchaikovsky's best-known compositions. 《天鹅湖》是柴可夫斯基最着名的作品之一. 2 [U] (a) action of composing sth, eg a piece of music or writing, type for printing, etc 创作: He played a piano sonata of his own composition, ie that he himself had composed. 他演奏了一首自己创作的钢琴奏鸣曲. (b) art of composing music 作曲艺术: studying composition at music school 在音乐学校学习作曲艺术. 3 [C] short piece of non-fictional writing done as a school or college exercise; essay 作文; 散文. 4 [U] the parts of which sth is made; make-up 成分; 组成部分: the composition of the soil 土壤的成分 * (fig 比喻) He has a touch of madness in his composition, ie He is a little mad. 他有点疯疯癫癫的. 5 [U] arrangement of elements in a painting, photograph, etc （绘画、摄影等的）构图: Her drawing is competent, but her composition is poor. 她的画有功力, 但布局欠佳. 6 [C, U] substance, esp an artificial one, composed of more than one material （尤指人工）合成的物质: a composition used as flooring material 合成的地板材料 * [attrib 作定语] a composition floor 合成地板./kəmˈpɒzɪtə(r); kəm`pɑzɪtɚ/ n skilled person who composes (compose 4) type for printing 排字工人./ˈkɒmpɒst; `kɑmpost/ n [U, C] mixture of decayed organic matter, manure, etc added to soil to improve the growth of plants 混合肥料; 堆肥.

v [Tn] (a) make (sth) into compost 将（某物）制成堆肥: composting the kitchen waste 用厨房里的垃圾制堆肥. (b) put compost on or in (sth) 给（某物）施堆肥: compost the flower-beds 给花坛施堆肥./kəmˈpəʊʒə(r); kəm`poʒɚ/ n [U] state of being calm in mind or behaviour 心情、举止平静的状态; 镇静; 沉着: keep/lose/regain one's composure 保持[不再/恢复]平静 * He showed great composure in a difficult situation. 他在困难环境中表现得极沉着. Cf 参看 compose 3./ˈkɒmpaʊnd; `kɑmpaᴜnd/ n 1 (a) thing made up of two or more separate things combined together 复合物. (b) substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined 化合物: Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 食盐是钠和氯的化合物. Cf 参看 element 3, mixture 3.  2 (grammar) noun, adjective, etc composed of two or more words or parts of words (written as one or more words, or joined by a hyphen) 复合词: `Bus conductor', `dark-haired' and `policeman' are compounds. bus conductor dark-haired policeman都是复合词. > compound adj [attrib 作定语]: an insect's compound eye 昆虫的复眼 * compound nouns, adjectives, etc 复合名词、复合形容词.

/kəmˈpaʊnd; kəm`paᴜnd/ v 1 (a) [Tn] mix (sth) together 将（某物）混合, 搀合: the vat in which the chemicals are compounded 混合化学药品用的大桶. (b) [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of/from sth) make sth by mixing （用混合方法）制造（某物）: a medicine compounded of (ie made of) herbs 用草药混合制成的药 * (fig 比喻) Her character was compounded in equal parts of meanness and generosity. 她的为人慷慨吝啬参半. 2 [Tn] make (sth bad) worse by causing further harm （因进一步伤害）使（坏事）更坏: Initial planning errors were compounded by carelessness in carrying the plan out. 计划原来就有错误, 再加上执行中的粗心大意就更糟了. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sb) (for sth) (commerce 商) reach an agreement (about sth); settle (a debt, etc) （就某事）达成协议; 和解妥协; 了结（债务等）: He compounded with his creditors for a postponement of payment. 他与债权人达成协议延期付款. 4 [Tn] (law 律) agree not to reveal (a crime), thus seeming not to disapprove of it 同意不揭发（罪行）（似并不反对该行为）; 私了: guilty of compounding a felony 对重罪案件私了罪.

/ˈkɒmpaʊnd; `kɑmpaᴜnd/ n (a) area enclosed by buildings, esp in a military camp or a prison camp 有建筑物围绕的场地（尤指军营、监狱中的）. (b) (in India, China, etc) area enclosed by a fence, etc, in which a house or factory stands （在印度、中国等）用围墙等圈起来的场地（内有房屋或工厂）; 院子.breaking of a bone in which part of the bone comes through the skin 有创骨折.interest paid on both the original capital and the interest added to it 复利. Cf 参看 simple interest (simple).(grammar) sentence containingtwo or more co-ordinate clauses (linked by and, but, etc) 并列复合句./ˌkɒmprɪˈhend; ˌkɑmprɪ`hɛnd/ v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] understand (sth) fully 全面理解、了解、领会（某事物）: failing to comprehend the full seriousness of the situation 未能充分理解形势的严重性 * I cannot comprehend how you could have been so stupid. 我真不明白你怎么那么蠢. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) include (sth) 包含、包括（某事物）./ˌkɒmprɪˌhensəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌkɑmprɪˌhɛnsə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl; ˌkɑmprɪ`hɛnsəbl/ adj ~  (to sb) that can be understood fully 能充分理解的: a book that is comprehensible only to specialists 只有专家才看得懂的书./ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn; ˌkɑmprɪ`hɛnʃən/ n 1 [U] (power of) understanding 理解（力）: a problem above/beyond sb's comprehension, ie one that he cannot understand 某人不能理解的问题. 2 [U, C] exercise aimed at improving or testing one's understanding of a language (written or spoken) 理解力练习（旨在提高或测验某人书面语或口语的理解能力）: a French comprehension 法语理解力练习 * [attrib 作定语] a compre`hension test 理解力测试./ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv; ˌkɑmprɪ`hɛnsɪv/ adj 1 that includes (nearly) everything （几乎）包罗万象的; 全面的: a comprehensive description, account, report, etc 全面的描述、叙述、报道等 * She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科. 2 (Brit) (of education) for pupils of all abilities in the same school （指教育）（具有不同能力的学生）同在一校的, 综合的.

n (Brit infml 口) comprehensiveschool 综合学校.insurance on motor vehicles that covers most risks, including fire, theft, damage and risks to the driver and others 综合保险（机动车辆的多种保险, 包括火险、盗窃险、毁坏险和司机及第三者事故保险等）.(Brit) large secondary school at which children of all abilities are taught 综合中学（招收具有不同能力的学生的大型中学）.adv: Our football team was comprehensively (ie thoroughly) defeated. 我们已经彻底失败了.n [U]./kəmˈpres; kəm`prɛs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) 1 press sth together; force sth into a small(er) space 压紧; 将某物压进（较）小的空间; 挤压; 压缩: compressed air, ie at higher than atmospheric pressure 压缩空气 * compressing straw into blocks for burning 将乾草压成块供燃烧. 2 express (ideas, etc) in a shorter form; condense 使（意见等）简短, 精简, 浓缩: compress an argument into just a few sentences 将论点概括成几句话 * The film compresses several years into half an hour. 这电影将几年的事压缩于半小时内.

/ˈkɒmpres; `kɑmprɛs/ n pad or cloth pressed on to a part of the body to stop bleeding, reduce fever, etc （用以止血、退烧等的）敷布, 压布: a cold/hot compress 冷[热]敷布./kəmˈpreʃn; kəm`prɛʃən/ n [U] 1 compressing or being compressed 压缩: the compression of gas 气体的压缩. 2 process of reducing the volume of the fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine, to increase its pressure before it is ignited （内燃机的）压缩冲程./kəmˈpresə(r); kəm`prɛsɚ/ n (part of a) machine that compresses air or other gases 压缩机; 压气机./kəmˈpraɪz; kəm`praɪz/ v [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (a) have as parts or members; be made up of 包括; 包含; 构成; 组成: a committee comprising people of widely differing views 由观点极不相同的成员组成的委员会. (b) be the parts or members of (sth); together form 为（某事物）的部分或成员; 组成; 包括: Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainer's only audience. 两个小男孩和一条狗成了街头艺人仅有的观众.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note the use of comprise. 注意comprise一词的用法. It can mean 1 consist of or be composed of ie be formed of 这个词可意为1 consist of或be composed of, 即由...形成、组成或构成: The British Parliament comprises/consists of/is composed of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 英国国会是由下议院和上议院组成的. 2 compose or constitute, ie form 亦可意为 2 compose或constitute, 即形成、组成或构成: The House of Commons and the House of Lords comprise/compose/constitute the British Parliament. 下议院和上议院组成了英国国会. This use of comprise is less common and careful speakers avoid be comprised of in sense 1. *comprise一词的这一用法并不多见, 用词考究的人避免用be comprised of于上述第1义./ˈkɒmprəmaɪz; `kɑmprəˌmaɪz/ n (a) [U] giving up of certain demands by each side in a dispute, so that an agreement may be reached which satisfies both to some extent 妥协; 和解; 谅解; 折衷: Most wage claims are settled by compromise. 对提高工资的要求大多都能折衷解决. * [attrib 作定语] work out a compromise agreement 制定出折衷协议. (b) [C] ~ (between/on sth) settlement reached in this way （以上述方法取得的）和解: Can the two sides reach a compromise? 双方能互让和解吗? * The final proposals were a rather unsuccessful compromise between the need for profitability and the demands of local conservationists. 最终的方案是受益者和地区自然资源保护者之间颇为勉强的相互妥协.

v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) settle a dispute, etc by making a compromise 以折衷方法解决争论、争端、分歧: I wanted to go to Greece, and my wife wanted to go to Spain, so we compromised on (ie agreed to go to) Italy. 我想去希腊, 可我妻子想去西班牙, 于是我们折衷了一下, 去意大利. 2 [Tn] bring (sth/sb/oneself) into danger or under suspicion by foolish behaviour （因行为愚蠢）使（某事物[某人/自己]）陷入危险境地或受到怀疑: He has irretrievably compromised himself by accepting money from them. 他因收了他们的钱铸成大错害了自己. * He was photographed in compromising situations (ie ones that showed him behaving immorally ) with a call-girl. 他和应召女郎在有伤风化的情况下让人拍了照片. 3 [Tn] modify (sth); weaken 修改, 更改（某事物）; 减轻; 减弱; 缓和: She refused to compromise her principles, ie insisted on keeping to them. 她的原则寸步不让./kəmˈpʌlʃn; kəm`pʌlʃən/ n ~ (to do sth) 1 [U] compelling or being compelled 强迫; 强制; 被迫: I refuse to act under compulsion, ie because I am forced to. 我决不能让人逼着做事. * You need feel under no compulsion to accept, ie do not have to accept. 你不必勉强接受. 2 [C] urge (esp to behave in an irrational way) that one cannot resist （不能克制的）欲望, 冲动, 要求（尤指不合情理的行为）: a compulsion to destroy things 毁物欲./kəmˈpʌlsɪv; kəm`pʌlsɪv/ adj 1 extremely interesting; fascinating 极有趣的; 令人着迷的: a compulsive novel about politics有关政治的有趣的小说. 2 (a) caused by an obsession 因着迷而引起的; 强迫性的; 强制性的; 上瘾的: compulsive gambling, eating, etc 上瘾的赌博、强迫性进食等. (b) (of people) forced to do sth by an obsession （指人）因着迷而被迫做的, 强迫性的: a compulsive eater, TV viewer, gambler 对食物、电视、赌博着迷的人 * He's a compulsive liar, ie He lies repeatedly. 他说谎成性. > compulsively adv: a compulsively readable book 引人入胜、非读不可的书./kəmˈpʌlsərəlɪ; kəm`pʌlsərəlɪ/ adv./kəmˈpʌlsərɪ; kəm`pʌlsərɪ/ adj that must be done; required by the rules, etc; obligatory 必须做的; 按规定要做的; 有责任的; 有义务的: Is military service compulsory in your country? 你们国家实行义务兵役制吗? * Is English a compulsory subject? 英语是必修科目吗? /kəmˈpʌŋkʃn; kəm`pʌŋkʃən/ n [U] ~ (about doing sth) (fml 文) (usu in negative sentences 通常用于否定句) feeling of guilt or regret for one's action 内疚; 後悔; 懊悔: She kept us waiting without the slightest compunction. 她一直让我们等着却毫无歉意. * If I could find the people responsible, I would have no compunction about telling the police. 我要知道是谁干的就去报警而毫不後悔./ˌkɒmpjuːˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑmpjə`teʃən/ n (a) [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) computing; calculation 计算; 估计: A quick computation revealed that we would not make a profit. 粗略计算後可以看出我们无利可图. * Addition and division are forms of computation. 加法和除法都是计算方法. * It will cost 5000 at the lowest computation. 估计最少也值5000英镑. (b) [U] use of a computer for calculation 计算机的使用.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] using computers 使用计算机的: computational linguistics 计算机语言学./kəmˈpjuːt; kəm`pjut/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) 1 calculate sth with a computer 用计算机计算: Scientists have computed the probable course of the rocket. 科学家用计算机计算了火箭可能运行的轨道. 2 (fml 文) calculate sth; work sth out 估计某事物; 将某事物算出: He computed his losses at 5000. 他估计自己损失5000英镑./kəmˈpjuːtə(r); kəm`pjutɚ/ n electronic device for storing and analysing information fed into it, making calculations, or controlling machinery automatically 计算机; 电脑: Is the information available on the computer? 计算机中有这个资料吗? * The accounts are processed by computer. 这帐目是用计算机处理的. * a digital computer 数字计算机 * [attrib 作定语] a computer programmer 计算机程序设计员 =>illus 见插图.=> computerization=> computerize/kəmˌpjuːtəraɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -rɪˈz-; kəmˌpjutərə`zeʃən/ n [U]./-təraɪz; -təˌraɪz/ v [Tn] (a) provide a computer to do the work of or for (sth) 用计算机做（某事）; 使计算机化: The accounts section has been completely computerized. 会计科已完全计算机化了. (b) store (information) in a computer 将（资料）存入计算机: The firm has computerized its records. 公司已将纪录存入计算机. n [U] operation of computers 计算机的运算: [attrib 作定语] a computing course 计算机运算课程./ˈkɒmreɪd; <i>US</i> -ræd; `kɑmræd/ n 1 fellow member of a trade-union, or of a socialist or communist political party, etc （工会或社会主义、共产主义政党等的）会员, 党员, 同志: We must fight for our rights, comrades! 同志们, 我们必须为自己的权利而斗争!  2 (dated 旧) trusted companion who shares one's activities （共同参与活动的）忠实伙伴: We were comrades in the war. 我们从前是战友. * [attrib 作定语] an old comrades association, ie of people who had been in the army, etc together 老兵协会. fellow soldier 战友: (fig 比喻) They'd long been comrades-in-arms in the Labour Party. 他们长期以来在工党中就是战友./ˈkɒmreɪdlɪ; `kɑmrædlɪ/ adj: some comradely advice 同志般的劝告. /ˈkɒmreɪdʃɪp; `kɑmrædˌʃɪp/ n [U]./kɒn; kɑn/ n [sing] (sl 俚) instance of cheating sb; confidence trick 欺骗; 骗局: This so-called bargain is just a con! 这种所谓的大减价不过是个骗局! * [attrib 作定语] a con trick 欺骗的手段 * He's a real con artist/merchant, ie swindler. 他是个不折不扣的假艺术家[商人]（骗子）.

v (-nn-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth/out of sth) (infml 口) swindle or persuade sb after gaining his trust 诈骗; 哄骗: You can't con me -- you're not really ill! 你骗不了我--你根本就没病! * I was conned into buying a useless car. 我受人骗买了辆不能用的汽车. * She conned me out of ￡100. 她骗走我100英镑.

/kɒn; kɑn/ n (sl 俚) = convict n.

/kɒn; kɑn/ n (idm 习语) the pros and cons => pro1./ˈkɒn mæn; `kɑn ˌmæn/ (pl con men/ 5kCn men; `kBn mZn/) (infml 口) person who swindles others into giving him money, etc 骗取他人钱财等的人; 骗子.

=> con.

=> con.

=> con./kənˌkætɪˈneɪʃn; kənˌkætn`eʃən/ n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) series of things or events linked together 一系列互相关联的事物: an unfortunate concatenation of mishaps 接连的不幸./ˈkɒŋkeɪv; kɑn`kev/ adj (of an outline or a surface) curved inwards like the inner surface of a sphere or ball （指轮廓或表面）凹的（如球体或球的内部）. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 convex./ˌkɒnˈkævətɪ; kɑn`kævətɪ/ n (a) [U] quality of being concave 凹状; 凹形. (b) [C] concave surface 凹面./kənˈsiːl; kən`sil/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sb/sth) keep sth/sb from being seen or known about; hide sth/sb 隐藏、掩盖或隐瞒某事物[某人]: a tape recorder concealed in a drawer 藏在抽屉里的录音机 * He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他极力对家人隐瞒自己酗酒的事. * There's a concealed entrance just round the corner. 拐角处有个隐蔽入口. * He spoke with ill-concealed contempt for his audience. 他讲话时流露出对听众的蔑视.n [U] acton of concealing or state of being concealed 隐藏; 掩盖; 隐瞒: Stay in concealment until the danger has passed. 藏着别动, 等危险过後再出来./kənˈsiːd; kən`sid/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) admit that sth is true, valid, proper, etc 承认某事属实、有效、合理等: concede a point (to sb) in an argument 在辩论中承认（某人的）某一点正确 * concede defeat, ie admit that one has lost 承认失败 * I was forced to concede that she might be right. 我不得不承认可能是她对. * It's certainly big, I'll concede you that. 那确实很大, 在这一点上我向你认输.  2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give sth away; allow (sb else) to have sth 将（某物）让出; 允许（他人）得到（某物）: We cannot concede any of our territory, ie allow another country to have it. 我们寸土不让（不让他国得到）. * England conceded a goal (to their opponents) in the first minute. 英格兰队在第一分钟就输（给对方）一分.  3 [I, Tn] admit that one has lost (a game, an election, etc) 承认自己输掉（一局、一次竞选等）: The chess-player conceded (the game) when he saw that his position was hopeless. 棋手一看出自己陷入绝境, 就承认（那局）输了. Cf 参看 concession 1./kənˈsiːt; kən`sit/ n  1 [U] excessive pride in oneself or in one's powers, abilities, etc 骄傲; 自负; 自高自大: The conceit of the man -- comparing his own work with Picasso's! 这个自高自大的人--竟把自己的作品跟毕加索的相比!  2 [C] (fml 文) cleverly-phrased witty expression (esp in a work of literature) 俏皮诙谐的词语（尤指于文学作品中）; 字字珠玑.adj full of conceit 极其自负的: insufferably conceited 难以容忍地自负. /-ɪdlɪ; -ɪdlɪ/ adv./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be conceived or believed; imaginable 可想到的; 可相信的; 可想像的: It is hardly conceivable (to me) that she should do such a thing. （我）简直难以想像她会干这种事. * We tried it in every conceivable combination. 我们把能想到的各种组合都试了一遍. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv: He couldn't conceivably have (ie I don't believe he could have) meant what he said. 他的话想来不会是他的原意./kənˈsiːv; kən`siv/ v  1 [I, Tn] become pregnant (with a child) 怀孕; 受孕: She was told she couldn't conceive. 她得知自己不能怀孕. * The child was conceived on the night of their wedding. 那孩子是在他们新婚之夜怀上的.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ of sth; ~ sth (as sth) form (an idea, a plan, etc) in the mind; imagine sth 想出（主意、计划等）; 构思; 想像某事物: It was then that I conceived the notion of running away. 就在那时我产生了逃跑的念头. * I cannot conceive (ie do not believe) that he would wish to harm us. 我不能想像（不相信）他会伤害我们. * I cannot conceive why you allowed the child to go alone, ie I think you were very foolish to allow it. 我真想不通你为什么让孩子一个人走（我认为你这样做很蠢）. * The ancients conceived (of) the world as (being) flat, ie They thought it was flat. 古人认为地球是扁的./ˈkɒnsntreɪt; `kɑnsnˌtret/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one's attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking about other less important things 全神贯注, 精神集中, 专心致志（于某事物）: I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我精神无法集中（于学习）. * We must concentrate our efforts on improving education. 我们必须致力于改进教育工作. (b) [Ipr] ~ on sth do one particular thing and no other 做某件事（而不做其他事）: Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科. * This firm concentrates on the European market. 这公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] come or bring together at one place 集合; 集中: Birds concentrate (in places) where food is abundant. 鸟聚集在食物丰盛的地方. * Troops are concentrating south of the river. 军队正向河的南边集结. * The Government's plan is to concentrate new industries in areas of high unemployment. 政府的计划是将新的工业集中于高失业区.  3 [Tn] increase the strength of (a solution) by reducing its volume (eg by boiling it) 浓缩.  4 (idm 习语) ,concentrate the/one's `mind make sb consider sth urgently and seriously 使某人急切地、认真地考虑某事: The threat of going bankrupt is very unpleasant but it certainly concentrates the mind. 即将破产的威胁虽令人极烦恼, 但确也能逼迫人开动脑筋.

n [C, U] substance or solution made by concentrating (concentrate 3) 经浓缩而制成的物质或溶液浓缩物; 浓缩液: an orange concentrate which you dilute with water 兑水饮用的浓缩橙汁.adj  1 intense 极度的; 紧张的; 加强的; 强烈的: concentrated study, hate, effort 紧张的学习、强烈的仇恨、专心致志的努力 * concentrated fire, ie the firing of guns all aimed at one point 集中的火力.  2 increased in strength or value by the evaporation of liquid 浓缩的: a concentrated solution 浓缩的溶液 * concentrated food 浓缩食品./ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn; ˌkɑnsn`treʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (on sth) (power of) concentrating (on sth) 集中（于某事物）（之力）: Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中. * a book that requires great concentration 需全神贯注才能看懂的书 * I found it hard to keep my concentration with such a noise going on. 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我很难保持精神集中.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) grouping of people or things 人或事物的聚集、集中或集合: concentrations of enemy troops, industrial buildings 敌军、工业建筑物的集中.prison consisting usu of a set of buildings inside a fence, where political prisoners, prisoners of war, etc were kept in very bad conditions （尤指纳粹德国的）集中营./kənˈsentrɪk; kən`sɛntrɪk/ adj ~ (with sth) (of circles) having the same centre （指数个圆）有同一中心的: concentric rings 同心环. Cf 参看 eccentric 2./ˈkɒnsept; `kɑnsɛpt/ n ~ (of sth/that...) idea underlying sth; general notion 观念; 概念: the concept of freedom, meaning 自由的、意义的概念 * He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics. 他掌握不了数学的基本概念. * She seemed unfamiliar with the concept that everyone should have an equal opportunity. 看来她不大熟悉机会均等这个概念./kənˈsepʃn; kən`sɛpʃən/ n  1 [U, C] conceiving (conceive 1) or being conceived 怀孕; 受孕: the moment of conception 受孕的一刻 * an unplanned conception 计划外怀孕.  2 (a) [U] thinking of (an idea or a plan) （主意或计划的）构思, 构想, 设想: The plan, brilliant in its conception, failed because of inadequate preparation. 那计划的构想倒是十分宏伟, 但终因准备不足而告吹. (b) [C] ~ (of sb/sth/that...) idea, plan or intention 主意; 计划; 意图: The new play is a brilliant conception. 这出新剧真了不起. * I have no conception of (ie do not know) what you mean. 我完全不懂你的意思./kənˈseptʃʊəl; kən`sɛptʃᴜəl/ adj of or based on concepts 观念的; 概念的; 观念上的; 概念上的./kənˈsɜːn; kən`sɝn/ v  1 [Tn] (a) be the business of (sb); be important to; affect 是（某人）的事; 对...有重要性; 影响: Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you. 别管与自己无关的事. * The loss was a tragedy for all concerned, ie all those affected by it. 那损失对一切有关的人来说都是极为痛心的. * Where the children are concerned..., ie In matters where one must think of them... 关系到孩子们的问题... * To whom it may concern..., eg at the beginning of a public notice or a testimonial of sb's character, ability, etc 敬启者...(b) be about (sth); have as a subject 关于（某事物）; 作为议题: a report that concerns drug abuse 关于滥用毒品的报告.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with/in/about sth be busy with sth; interest oneself in sth 忙于（某事）; 关心（某事）: There's no need to concern yourself with this matter; we're dealing with it. 你不用管这事了, 我们正在处理.  3 [Tn] worry (sb); trouble; bother 使（某人）担忧; 使烦恼; 打扰: Our losses are beginning to concern me. 我们的损失使我担起心来.  4 (idm 习语) as/so far as sb/sth is concerned => far2. be concerned in sth have some connection with or responsibility for sth 与某事有牵连或对某事负有责任: He was concerned in the crime. 他与那起罪案有牵连. be concerned to do sth have it as one's business to do sth 把做某事视为自己的事. be concerned with sth be about sth 与某事物有关; 涉及某事物: Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment. 她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的.adj ~ (about/for sth/that...) worried; troubled 担心的; 烦恼的; 忧虑的: Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会. * We're all concerned for her safety. 我们都为她的安全担忧. * I'm concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了. /-ˈsɜːnɪdlɪ; -`sɝnɪdlɪ/ adv.prep about (sb/sth) 关于（某人[某事物]）: a letter concerning your complaint 关于你投诉的信件./ˈkɒnsət; `kɑnsɝt/ n  1 musical entertainment given in public by one or more performers 音乐会: an orchestral concert 管弦乐音乐会 * give a concert for charity 举行慈善义演音乐会 * [attrib 作定语] a concert pianist, hall, performance 在音乐会上演奏的钢琴家、音乐厅、音乐会演出. Cf 参看 recital.  2 (idm 习语) at ,concert `pitch in a state of full efficiency or readiness 处于效率极高或充分准备的状态. in `concert giving a live public performance rather than a recorded one 现场演出的（并非事先录音的）. in concert (with sb/sth)(fml 文) co-operating together 合作: working in concert with his colleagues 与他的同事合作.grand piano of the largest size, for concerts （音乐会用的）大钢琴.n person who attends concerts (esp of classical music) 出席音乐会（尤指古典音乐会）的人.(US) = leader 2./kənˈsɜːtɪd; kən`sɝtɪd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] arranged or done in co-operation 共同筹划的; 合作的: a concerted effort, attack, campaign 共同努力、联合攻击、协同作战 * concerted action by several police forces 警方数部门的联合行动./ˌkɒnsəˈtiːnə; ˌkɑnsɚ`tinə/ n musical instrument like a small accordion, consisting of a closed pleated tube, held in the hands and played by pressing the ends together to force air past reeds (reed 2) 六角手风琴. =>illus 见插图.

v (pt, pp concertinaed, pres p concertinaing) [I] fold up (as if) by being pressed together from each end （像）（从各端受挤压）摺起: The lorry had concertinaed after crashing into the tree. 卡车撞到大树後摺在一起./kənˈtʃeətəʊ, -ˈtʃɜːt-; kən`tʃɛrto/ n (pl ~s) musical composition for one or more solo instruments and an orchestra 协奏曲: a `piano concerto 钢琴协奏曲 * a concerto for two violins 双小提琴协奏曲./kənˈseʃn; kən`sɛʃən/ n  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) [U] conceding 承认; 让出; 允许: There is a call for the concession of certain rights. 要求承认某些权利. (b) [C] thing granted or yielded, esp after discussion, an argument, etc 妥协, 让步（尤指经协商或辩论等）: Employers made concessions to the workers in negotiations. 资方在与工人谈判中作出了让步. * As a concession to her inexperience they allowed her to have some help. 他们体谅她缺乏经验, 允许她获得些帮助. Cf 参看 concede.  2 [C] price reduction for certain categories of people （对某类人）减价: special concessionson all bus fares for old people 所有公共汽车票对老年人特价.  3 [C] ~ (to do sth) right given or sold to sb by the owner(s) of sth, allowing him to use or operate it 特许权（由某事物的所有者授予或售予某人的使用或经营之权利）: oil/mining concessions, ie allowing oil or minerals to be extracted from the ground 石油[矿产]开采权 * a concession to drill for oil 石油钻探权./kənˌseʃəˈneə(r); kənˌsɛʃən`ɛr/ n person who has been granted a concession(3), esp for the use of land or for trading 特许权获得者（尤指土地使用权或贸易权）./kənˈseʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; kən`sɛʃə-nˌɛrɪ/ adj involving a concession(2) （对某类人）减价的: concessionary rates/prices （对某类人）减低的费用[价格]./kənˈsesɪv; kən`sɛsɪv/ adj (grammar) expressing concession(1) 表示承认、允许、妥协或让步的: a concessive clause, eg one introduced by as, although or even if, indicating a contrast with the main clause 让步从句（如由as、although或even if引导的表示与主句意思相反的从句）./kɒntʃ; kɑntʃ/ n (a) shellfish with a large spiral shell 海螺（有大螺旋贝壳的贝类）. (b) shell of this creature 海螺壳./kɒŋˈkɒlədʒɪ; kɑŋ`kɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] study of shells and shellfish 贝类学; 贝壳学./kənˈsɪlɪeɪt; kən`sɪlɪˌet/ v  1 [Tn] make (sb) less angry or more friendly (esp by being pleasant or making some concessions) 使（某人）息怒或友好（尤指经抚慰或让步）; 安抚; 抚慰; 劝慰: conciliate outraged customers 劝慰盛怒的顾客.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (between sb and sb) bring (people who are disagreeing) into agreement 使（有分歧的人）意见一致; 调解; 调停: conciliate (between) the parties in a dispute 调解双方（之间）的争端./kənˌsɪlɪˈeɪʃn; kənˌsɪlɪ`eʃən/ n [U] conciliating or being conciliated （受到）抚慰或调解: [attrib 作定语] A conciliation service helps to settle disputes between employers and workers. 调解机构协助解决劳资纠纷./kənˈsɪlɪətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; kən`sɪlɪəˌtɔrɪ/ adj intended or likely to conciliate 意图或可能抚慰或调解的: a conciliatory gesture, smile, remark 愿和解的姿态、微笑、言语./kənˈsaɪs; kən`saɪs/ adj (of speech or writing) giving a lot of information in few words; brief （指语言或文字）用少数词语传达大量信息的; 简明的; 言简意赅的: a concise summary, account, etc 简明的摘要、报道等. adv. /kənˈsɪʒn; kən`sɪʒən/ ns [U].=> conciseness/ˈkɒŋkleɪv; `kɑŋklev/ n private meeting (eg of cardinals to elect a Pope) 秘密会议（如红衣主教选举教皇者）: sit/meet in conclave, ie hold a private meeting 参加[举行]秘密会议./kənˈkluːd; kən`klud/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (usu fml 通常作文雅语) come or bring (sth) to an end （使）（某事物）结束: a few concluding remarks 几句结束语 * The meeting concluded at 8 o'clock. 会议于8时结束. * The story concludes with the hero's death. 这故事随主人公死亡而告终. * He concluded by saying that... 他结束讲话时说... * She concluded her talk with a funny story. 她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话.  2 [Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth from sth come to believe sth as a result of reasoning （经推理）相信某事物: Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them? 这些都是事实, 你能从中得出什么结论? * The jury concluded, from the evidence, that she was guilty. 陪审团根据证据作出结论, 认定她有罪.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) arrange and settle (a treaty, etc) formally and finally 达成; 决定; 缔结（条约等）: Britain concluded a trade agreement with China. 英国和中国签署了贸易协定. * Once the price had been agreed, a deal was quickly concluded. 价格一经商定, 交易很快就达成了.  4 [Tf no passive 不用于被动语态, Tt] (esp US) decide, esp after discussion 决定（尤指经讨论或协商）: We concluded to go out/that we would go out. 我们决定出去./kənˈkluːʒn; kən`kluʒən/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] end 结束; 结尾: at the conclusion of his speech 他讲话的结尾 * bring sth to a speedy conclusion 将某事物迅速结束.  2 [C] ~ (that...) belief or opinion that is the result of reasoning （由推理而得出的）信念或意见, 结论: I came to/reached the conclusion that he'd been lying. 我看他是在说谎. * What conclusions do you draw (from the evidence you've heard)? 你从（你听到的证据）中得出什么结论?  3 [U] formal and final arranging or settling of sth 决定; 协定; 达成; 缔结: Hostilities ended with the conclusion of a peace treaty. 和平条约签定以後, 战事随之结束.  4 (idm 习语) a foregone conclusion => foregone. in conclusion lastly 最後: In conclusion I'd like to saythat...  最後, 我想说.... jump to conclusions => jump2./kənˈkluːsɪv; kən`klusɪv/ adj (of facts, evidence, etc) convincing; ending doubt （指事实、证据等）令人信服的, 确凿的, 消除怀疑的: Her fingerprints on the gun were conclusive proof of her guilt. 她在枪上留下的指纹就是她犯罪的确凿证据.  adv./kənˈkɒkt; kən`kɑkt/ v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义)  1 make (sth) by mixing ingredients (esp ones that do not usu go together) 将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物; 调制: concoct a drink out of sherry and lemon juice 用雪利酒和柠檬汁配制成的饮料.  2 (derog 贬) invent (a story, an excuse, etc) 编造, 捏造（谎言、藉口等）: She'd concocted some unlikely tale about the train being cancelled. 她胡编了一通瞎话, 说什么那班火车给取消了./kənˈkɒkʃn; kən`kɑkʃən/ n (a) [U] concocting 调制; 编造; 捏造. (b) [C] thing that is concocted; (esp liquid) mixture 配制而成的物品; （尤指液体的）混合物: Do you expect me to drink this vile concoction? 你难道想让我喝这种乌七八糟的东西?/kənˈkɒmɪtənt; kən`kɑmətənt/ adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) accompanying; happening together 伴随的; 同时发生或出现的: concomitant circumstances, events, etc 伴随的情况、事情等 * travel and all its concomitant discomforts 旅行及随之而来的不适.

n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) thing that typically happens with sth else 伴随发生的事; 伴随物: the infirmities that are the concomitants of old age 年老而虚弱./ˈkɒŋkɔːd; `kɑŋkɔrd/ n [U]  1 (fml 文) harmony between people; lack of quarrelling and unfriendliness （人与人之间的）和谐, 一致, 和睦: living in concord (with neighbouring states) （与邻国）和睦相处. Cf 参看 discord.  2 (grammar) agreement between words in gender, number, etc, eg between a verb and a plural noun as its subject （词与词之间在性、数等方面的）一致（如动词及其作主语的复数名词之间的）./kənˈkɔːdəns; kən`kɔrdns/ n alphabeticalindex of the words used by an author or in a book （作家所使用的或书籍中的）按字母顺序排列的索引: a `Bible concordance 《圣经》词语索引 * a concordance to Shakespeare 莎士比亚词语索引./kənˈkɔːdənt; kən`kɔrdnt/ adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) in agreement; appropriate 一致的; 协调的; 恰当的; 适合的: practice concordant with our principles 与我们的原则相符的做法./kənˈkɔːdæt; kən`kɔrdæt/ n agreement, esp between a State and the Church on church affairs 协定; 协约; （尤指一政府与教会之间就宗教事务所订立的）政教协定./ˈkɒŋkɔːs; `kənkɔrs/ n  1 open area forming part of a building or large complex, where people may walk about 宽敞的大厅; 广场: The ticket office is at the rear of the station concourse, ie its main hall. 售票处在车站大厅的後部.  2 (fml 文) gathering of people or things; crowd （人或事物的）聚集, 汇集; 群众: a vast concourse of pilgrims 大群的朝圣者./ˈkɒŋkriːt; `kɑnkrit/ adj  1 existing in material form; that can be touched, felt, etc 以物质形式存在的; 具体的; 实体的: Physics deals with the forces acting on concrete objects. 物理学研究作用于物体上的力. Cf 参看 abstract.  2 definite; positive 确实的; 明确的; 确定的: concrete proposals, evidence, facts 明确的建议、确实的证据; 确定的事实 * The police have nothing concrete togo on. 警方没有任何确实的东西作依据. 

/ˈkɒŋkriːt; `kɑnkrit/ n [U] building material made by mixing cement with sand, gravel, etc and water 混凝土: a slab of concrete 混凝土板 * modern buildings made of concrete 用混凝土建造的现代建筑物 * [attrib 作定语] a concrete path, wall, etc 混凝土的路、墙等.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (over) cover sth with concrete 用混凝土覆盖; 铺设: concrete a road (over) 用混凝土铺路.revolving container used to mix the ingredients of concrete 混凝土搅拌机.music composed of natural sounds that are recorded and then rearranged 具体音乐（将自然音响录制後重新改编而成者）.poetry that uses its visual appearance on the page to achieve its effect 具体诗歌（从版面上的视觉形象来达到效果的诗歌）.adv./kənˈkriːʃn; kən`kriʃən/ n (fml 文) mass formed when sth soft or liquid becomes hard or solid 凝结; 凝固; 固结./ˈkɒŋkjʊbaɪn; `kɑŋkjᴜˌbaɪn/ n (in countries where a man can legally have more than one wife) woman who lives with a man but is of lower status than a wife （一夫多妻制国家中的）妾, 姨太太, 小老婆: The sultan's wives and concubines live in the harem. 苏丹的妻妾住在後宫./kənˈkjuːpɪsns; kɑn`kjupəsns/ n [U] (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) strong sexual desire; lust 强烈的性欲; 淫欲; 色欲; 肉欲./kənˈkɜː(r); kən`kɝ/ v (-rr-) (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (in sth) agree; express agreement 同意; 表示意见一致: She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur (with her) (in this matter). 她对计划表示反对, （在这一问题上）我完全同意（她的意见）.  2 [I, It] (of events, etc) happen together; coincide （指事情等）同时发生: Everything concurred to produce a successful result. 所有的事都同时发生而产生了圆满的结果./kənˈkʌrəns; kən`kɝəns/ n (fml 文)  1 [U, sing] agreement 同意; 一致: With your concurrence (ie If you agree), I will confirm the arrangement. 你若同意, 我就把这项安排定下来了. * a concurrence (ie similarity) of ideas, views, etc 意见、观点等一致.  2 [sing] occurrence at the same time 同时发生或出现: an unfortunate concurrence of events 事情不幸同时发生./kənˈkʌrənt; kən`kɝənt/ adj ~ (with sth) existing, happening or done at the same time 同时存在的、发生的或完成的: developments concurrent with this 与此同时发生的事物. concurrently adv: He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁, 同期执行./kənˈkʌs; kən`kʌs/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] injure (sb's brain) by a blow or by violent shaking 使（脑）震荡: He was badly concussed in the collision. 在猛烈碰撞时他的脑部受到严重损伤./kənˈkʌʃn; kən`kʌʃən/ n [C, U] (a) injury to the brain caused by a blow, violent shaking, etc, resulting in temporary unconsciousness 脑震荡: The patient is suffering from severe concussion following a blow to the head. 患者头部受击後患严重脑震荡. (b) violent shaking or shock (caused eg by a blow, an explosion, etc) 猛烈的摇动或震动（如因撞击、爆炸等所致）: a mighty tremor followed by minor concussions 巨大的震动及随後的轻微震荡./kənˈdem; kən`dɛm/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) say that one disapproves of sb/sth 谴责; 责备; 指摘: We all condemn cruelty to children. 我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为. * The papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake. 报纸及时地指摘他的错误. * She is often condemned as uncaring. 她常因不关心别人而受到责难.  2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) say officially that (sth) is faulty or not fit for use 官方宣称（某事物）有缺陷或不宜使用: The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用. * a condemned building 已公布为不宜使用的建筑物.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth/to do sth) (law 律) say what sb's punishment is to be; sentence sb (esp to death) 宣告某人要受的惩罚; 判某人刑（尤指死刑）: condemn sb to death/hard labour 判处某人死刑[劳役] * He was found guilty and condemned to be shot. 他被判有罪, 处以枪决. (b) [Tn] make (sb) appear guilty 使（某人）显示出有罪: His nervous looks condemned him. 他神色紧张, 显出有罪的样子.  4 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb to sth/to do sth make sb take or accept sth unwelcome or unpleasant; doom sb 使某人接受不好的某事物; 使某人注定: an unhappy worker, condemned to a job he hates 闷闷不乐的工作者, 无奈何要做他厌恶的工作 * As an old person, one is often condemned to live alone. 老年人常出于无奈而独自生活./ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃn; ˌkɑndɛm`neʃən/ n (a) [U] condemning or being condemned 谴责; 判罪; 注定. (b) [C] instance of this 谴责; 判罪; 注定: many condemnations of her action 对她行为的多方谴责.cell where a person who has been sentenced to death is kept 死囚牢房./ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃn; ˌkɑndɛn`seʃən/ n  1 [U, C] condensing or being condensed 浓缩; 凝结; 简缩; 缩写: the condensation of steam to water 蒸气之凝结为水 * The report is a brilliant condensation of several years' work. 这报告是几年工作的精华.  2 [U] drops of liquid formed on a surface when vapour condenses （蒸气凝结在表面上的）液滴: His shaving mirror was covered with condensation. 他的剃须镜上有一层小水珠.= vapour trail (vapour)./kənˈdens; kən`dɛns/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into/to sth) (a) (cause sth to) become thicker or more concentrated （使某物）变稠或变浓; 浓缩: Soup condenses when boiled, ie by losing most of the water. 汤煮过後就浓了（失去大量的水分）. * condensed milk, soup, etc 炼乳、浓缩汤等. (b) (cause sth to) change from gas or vapour to a liquid （使某物）由气体或蒸气变成液体; 凝结: Steam condenses/is condensed into water when it touches a cold surface. 蒸气接触冷的表面而凝结成水珠. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) put sth into fewer words 简缩; 摘要; 简述: condense a long report into a brief summary 将长篇报告简缩为摘要./kənˈdensə(r); kən`dɛnsɚ/ n  1 device for cooling vapour and condensing it to liquid 冷凝器.  2 device for receiving and storing an electric charge (esp in a car engine) 电容器.  3 mirror or lens that concentrates light, eg in a film projector 聚光镜; 聚光器./ˌkɒndɪˈsend; ˌkɑndɪ`sɛnd/ v  1 [It] (often derog 常作贬义) do sth that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance 屈尊; 俯就: She actually condescended to say hello to me in the street today. 她今天在街上竟能屈尊跟我打招呼. * (ironic 反语) Perhaps your father would condescend to help with the washing-up! 令尊大人或可纡尊降贵帮助刷锅洗碗吧!  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (derog 贬) behave kindly or graciously, but in a way that shows one feels that one is better than other people （带有优越感地）故意表示和蔼可亲: I do wish he wouldn't condescend to the junior staff in his department. 我但愿他不要假惺惺地纡尊降贵接近部门里的低级员工.adj: a condescending person 屈尊俯就的人 * condescending behaviour 屈尊的行为 * She's so condescending! 她隐藏优越感太惺惺作态! adv./ˌkɒndɪˈsenʃn; ˌkɑndɪ`sɛnʃən/ n [U] condescending (behaviour) 屈尊; 俯就./kənˈdam; kən`daɪn/ adj (fml 文) (of punishment, etc) severe and well deserved （指惩罚）严厉而适当的; 罪有应得的./ˈkɒndɪmənt; `kɑndəmənt/ n [C esp pl, U 作可数名词时尤作复数, 亦作不可数名词] seasoning (eg salt or pepper) used to give flavour and relish to food 调味品, 佐料（如盐或胡椒）./kənˈdɪʃn; kən`dɪʃən/ n  1 [sing] particular state of existence 状态; 处境; 地位; 身分: the human condition 人类的处境 * the condition of slavery, ie being a slave 奴隶的身分.  2 [sing, U] (a) present state of a thing 现状; 状况; 情况: be in good, poor, excellent, etc condition 处于好的、坏的、极佳的等状况 * the rusty condition of the bicycle 自行车生锈的状况 * The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition (ie is unfit) to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航. (b) physical fitness; health 健康状况; 健康: He's in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言, 身体极好. * I've had no exercise for ages; I'm really out of condition, ie unfit. 我已多时没运动了, 现在健康状况欠佳. * She's in no condition (ie is not well enough) to travel. 她的身体状况不宜旅行（不甚健康）.  3 [C] (a) thing needed to make sth else possible; thing on which another thing depends 条件: One of the conditions of the job is that you should be able to drive, ie In order to get the job you must be able to drive. 做这项工作的其中一个条件是要会开车. * He was allowed to go out, but his parents made it a condition that he should get home before midnight. 他父母允许他出去, 但规定他要在午夜前回家. * I'll let you borrow it on one condition: (that) you lend me your bicycle in return. 我借给你也行, 但有个条件, 你得把你的自行车借给我. (b) thing required as part of an agreement, a contract, etc; stipulation 条款; 规定; 约定; 条件: the terms and conditions of the lease 契约的条款与条件.  4 conditions [pl] circumstances 环境; 情况: under existing conditions 在现有的情况下 * poor working conditions 恶劣的工作环境 * firemen having to operate in very difficult conditions 须在极困难的情况下工作的消防队员.  5 [C] illness; ailment 疾病: a heart, liver, brain, etc condition 心脏、肝脏、脑等的疾病 * What is the treatment for this condition? 这种病用什么方法治疗?  6 [C] (dated 旧) position in society; rank 社会地位; 阶级; 等级: people of every condition/of all conditions 社会各阶层人士.  7 (idm 习语) in mint condition => mint2. on condition (that)... only if; provided (that) 在...条件下; 倘若...: You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 你要穿上外衣才能出去. on no condition (fml 文) not at all 一点也不; 决不: You must on no condition tell him what happened. 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他.

/ˌkənˈdɪʃn; kən`dɪʃən/ v  1 [Tn] have an important effect on (sb/sth); determine 对（某人[某事物]）有重要影响; 决定: Environment conditions an animal's development. 环境能影响动物的成长.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (to sth/to do sth) accustom sb/sth; train sb/sth 使某人[某事物]习惯; 训练某人[某事物]: We have all been conditioned by our upbringing. 我们都习惯于所受的教养. * It didn't take them long to become conditioned to the new environment. 他们不久就适应了新环境. * Animals can be conditioned to expect food at certain times. 可以训练动物定时等待喂食.  3 [Tn] put (sth) into a proper or desired state for use 使（某事物）达到适当的或合要求的状况（以供使用）: leather conditioned by a special process 经特殊加工的皮革 * a lotion that conditions the skin, ie keeps it healthy 护肤剂./kənˈdɪʃənl; kən`dɪʃənl/ adj (a) ~ (on/upon sth) depending on sth 依赖某事物的; 含有条件的: conditional approval, acceptance, etc 含有条件的批准、接受等 * Payment of the money is conditional upon delivery of the goods, ie If the goods are not delivered, the money will not be paid. 货到方可付款（货不到则不付款）. (b) (esp grammar 尤作语法用语) containing or implying a condition1(3a) or qualification 有条件的; 受制约的: a conditional clause, ie one beginning with if or unless 条件从句（由if或unless起首的从句）. /-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adv.response that a person or an animal is trained to make to a particular stimulus (even if it is not a normal or natural response) 条件反射./kənˈdɪʃənə(r); kən`dɪʃənɚ/ n [C, U] thing or substance that conditions, esp a liquid that keeps the hair healthy and shiny 调理的物品或物质; （尤指）护发剂, 护发素./kənˈdəʊl; kən`dol/ v [Ipr] ~ with sb (on sth) (fml 文) express sympathy (for a misfortune, bereavement, etc) （对不幸、丧失亲人等）表示同情, 吊慰; 吊唁./kənˈdəʊləns; kən`doləns/ n [U, C often pl 常作复数] (expression of) sympathy 同情; 吊慰; 吊唁: a letter of condolence 吊唁信 * Please accept my condolences. 谨致吊慰之意./ˈkɒndəm; `kɑndəm/ (also esp US prophylactic)n contraceptive sheath worn on the penis during sexual intercourse （男用）避孕套, 保险套; 阴茎套./ˌkɒndəˈmɪnɪəm; ˌkɑndə`mɪnɪəm/ n  1 country governed jointly by two or more other states （由另两国或多国）共管的国家.  2 (US) (apartment in a) block of apartments, each of which is owned by its occupier （产权为居住者自有的）公寓（的单元）./ˌkɒndəʊˈneɪʃn; ˌkɑndo`neʃən/ n [U] (fml 文)./kənˈdəʊn; kən`don/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] treat or regard (an offence) as if it were not serious or wrong; overlook; forgive 容忍（过失）; 宽恕; 原谅: condone violence, adultery, fraud, etc 宽恕暴行、奸情、欺诈行为等 * Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime. 不惩罚他们就等于纵容他们的罪行. /ˈkɒndɔː(r); `kɑndɚ/ n type of large vulture found mainly in S America 神鹰（主要产于南美）./kənˈdjuːs; <i>US</i> -ˈduːs; kən`dus/ v [Ipr] ~ to/towards sth (fml 文) help to bring sth about 有助于产生（某事物）; 导致; 有益于: A good diet conduces to good health. 良好的饮食有益于健康./kənˈdjuːsɪv; <i>US</i> -ˈduːs-; kən`dusɪv/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth allowing or helping sth to happen 容许或有助于某事物发生; 有益: These noisy conditions aren't really conducive to concentrated work. 这嘈杂的环境实在不利于专心工作./ˈkɒndʌkt; `kɑndʌkt/ n [U]  1 person's behaviour (esp its moral aspect) （人的）行为（尤指道德方面）; 品德; 品行: the rules of conduct 行为准则 * The prisoner was released early because of good conduct. 这罪犯因表现良好提前获释.  2 ~ of sth manner of directing or managing (a business, campaign, etc) （对业务、作战等的）指导、指挥、管理或经营（的方式）: There was growing criticism of the Government's conduct of the war. 政府领导作战的方式受到越来越多的批评.

/kənˈdʌkt; kən`dʌkt/ v  1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] lead or guide (sb/sth) 领导、指导、引导或带领（某人[某事物]）: I asked the attendant to conduct him to the door/conduct him out. 我让服务员领他们到门口[领他出去]. * A guide conducted the visitors round the museum. 导游带领游客参观博物馆. * We were given a conducted (ie guided) tour of the cathedral. 我们在有人引导下参观了大教堂.  2 (a) [Tn] direct (sth); control; manage 指挥（某事物）; 控制; 操纵; 管理; 主持; 经营: conduct business, a meeting, negotiations, etc 经营生意、主持会议、主持谈判等 * She was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign. 她被委派主持宣传活动. (b) [I, Tn] direct the performance of (an orchestra, a choir, a piece of music, etc) 指挥（管弦乐队、合唱团、乐曲等）的演出: a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Sir Colin Davis 由科林·戴维斯爵士指挥、爱乐交响乐团演出的音乐会.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself well, badly, etc (fml 文) behave in the specified way （行为）表现: conduct oneself honourably, with dignity, like a gentleman 行为光明磊落、端庄高尚、像正人君子 * How did the prisoner conduct himself? 那犯人表现如何?  4 [Tn] (of a substance) allow (heat, electric current, etc) to pass along or through it （指物质）传导（热、电流等）: Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do. 铜的导电性能比其他材料好./kənˈdʌkʃn; kən`dʌkʃən/ n [U] conductingof electric current along wires or of heat by contact （电流或热量的）传导; 导电; 导热./kənˈdʌktɪv; kən`dʌktɪv/ adj that can conduct heat, electricity, etc 导热的; 导电的; 能传导的. /ˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvətɪ; ˌkɑndʌk`tɪvətɪ/ n [U] property or power of conducting heat, electricity, etc 传导（热、电等的）性质或能力; 传导性; 传导力./kənˈdʌktə(r); kən`dʌktɚ/ n  1 person who directs the performance of an orchestra, a choir, etc (esp by standing in front of them and gesturing with his arms) （管弦乐队、合唱团等的）指挥.  2 (a) (Brit) person who collects fares on a bus （公共汽车上的）收票员. (b) (US) (Brit guard) person in charge of a train （火车上的）乘务员, 列车员（英式英语用guard）.  3 substance that conducts heat or electric current 导体（导热或导电的物质）: a `lightning conductor 避雷器 * Wood is a poor conductor. 木头是不良导体.rail (laid parallel to the tracks) from which a railway locomotive picks up electric current 导电轨, 接触轨（与路轨平行的轨道, 可供机车导入电流）./kənˈdʌktrɪs; kən`dʌktrɪs/ n (Brit) woman conductor on a bus （公共汽车上的）女收票员./ˈkɒndɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkɒnduːɪt, -dwɪt; `kɑndᴜɪt/ n (a) large pipe through which liquids flow 大水管. (b) tube enclosing insulated electric wires 导线管./kəʊn; kon/ n  1 solid body that narrows to a point from a circular flat base （实心的）圆锥体. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图.  2 solid or hollow thing that has this shape, eg an edible container for ice-cream, a warning sign for road-works, etc （实心的或中空的）圆锥形物（如用以盛冰激凌的可食的锥形蛋卷、修路时放置的锥形警告路标等）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.  3 fruit of certain evergreen trees (fir, pine, cedar) made of overlapping woody scales 球果（某些常绿树, 如枞、松、雪松的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.

v (phr v) cone sth off mark or separate sth with cones 用锥形标志标明或隔开: cone off a section of motorway during repairs 用锥形标志隔开维修中的一段高速公路 * cone off parking spaces that must not be used 用锥形标志标明不准使用的停车位置.= cony./ˈkɒnfæb; `kɑnfæb/ n (dated infml 旧, 口) private friendly conversation; chat 私下的亲切交谈; 闲谈; 闲聊; 聊天./kənˈfekʃn; kən`fɛkʃən/ n (fml 文) thing made with sweet ingredients 甜食.n person who (makes and) sells sweets, cakes, etc （制做和）销售糖果、糕点的人; 甜食师傅; 甜食商: I bought it at the confectioner's (shop). 那是我从糖果店买来的. /kənˈfekʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> -ʃənerɪ; kən`fɛkʃənˌɛrɪ/ n (a) [U] sweets, chocolates, cakes, etc 糖果、巧克力、糕点等. (b) [C] confectioner's business or shop 糖果糕点业或商店./kənˈfedərəsɪ; kən`fɛdərəsɪ/ n  1 [C] alliance or league, esp of states 联盟或同盟（尤指国家的）.  2 the (Southern) Confederacy [sing] the Confederate States 美国南部邦联./kənˈfedərət; kən`fɛdərɪt/ adj joined together by an agreement or a treaty 联盟的; 同盟的; 联邦的: the Confederate States of America 美国南部邦联.

n  1 person one works with (esp in sth illegal or secret); accomplice 同伙; 合谋者; 同党; 共犯: his confederates in the crime 他的共犯.  2 Confederate supporter of the Confederate States 南部邦联的支持者.

/kənˈfedəreɪt; kən`fɛdəˌret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) join together in a larger organization for mutual benefit （为共同利益而）联合; 结盟.the eleven states that separated from the US in 1860-61 and caused the American Civil War 美国南部邦联（由1860-1861年脱离美利坚合众国的十一个州组成, 後导致美国南北战争）./kənˌfedəˈreɪʃn; kənˌfɛdə`reʃən/ n (a) [U] confederating or being confederated 结盟. (b) [C] organization of smaller groups that have joined together for mutual benefit 同盟; 联盟; 邦联: the Confederation of British Industry 英国工业联合会./kənˈfɜː(r); kən`fɝ/ v (-rr-)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice) 讨论; 探讨; 商谈; 商议; 协商; 请教: She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然後再来宣布决定.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) give or grant (a degree or title) to sb 授予某人（学位或头衔）: The Queen conferred knighthoods on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人士. * (fig 比喻) He behaves as if high rank automatically confers the right to be obeyed. 他的表现好像是身居高位就自然有权使人俯首听命./ˈkɒnfərəns; `kɑnfərəns/ n [C, U] (meetingfor) discussion or exchange of views 讨论（会）; 协商（会）; 会议: Many international conferences are held in Geneva. 许多国际会议在日内瓦举行. * The Director is in conference now. 主任正在开会.n [U, C] (fml 文) giving or granting (of degrees, honours, etc) （学位荣誉等的）授予./kənˈfes; kən`fɛs/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Dn.pr] ~ (to sth/doing sth); ~ (sth) (to sb) say or admit, often formally (that one has done wrong, committed a crime, etc) 承认（错误、罪行等）; 供认; 坦白: The prisoner refused to confess (his crime). 该犯拒不招供（罪行）. * She finally confessed (to having stolen the money). 她最後招认了（偷了那笔钱）. * He confessed that he had murdered her. 他供认他杀害了她. (b) [Ipr, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] acknowledge, often reluctantly 承认（常为不情愿地）: She confessed to (having) a dread of spiders, ie admitted that she was afraid of them. 她承认她害怕蜘蛛. * I'm rather bored, I must confess. 说老实话, 我真有点厌烦. * He confessed himself (to be) totally ignorant of their plans. 他承认自己对于他们的计划一无所知.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ (sth) (to sb) (esp in the Roman Catholic Church) tell (one's sins) formally to a priest （尤指天主教）向神父忏悔, 告罪, 告解: He confessed (to the priest) that he had sinned. 他（向神父）忏悔他犯了罪. (b) [Tn] (of a priest) hear the sins of (sb) in this way （指神父）听取（某人）的忏悔: The priest confessed the criminal. 神父听取那罪犯的忏悔./-ɪdlɪ; -ɪdlɪ/ adv by sb's own admission 自己供认地./kənˈfeʃn; kən`fɛʃən/ n  1 [C, U] statement of one's guilt; confessing 供认; 招供; 承认; 坦白; 交代: to make a full confession of one's crimes 对自己所犯罪行供认不讳.  2 [C, U] (in the Roman Catholic Church) formal admission of one's sins to a priest （指天主教）向神父忏悔; 告罪; 告解: The priest will hear confessions in English and French. 这位神父可听取用英语和法语的告解. * I always go to confession on Fridays. 我总是每星期五去作忏悔.  3 [C] declaration of one's religious beliefs, principles, etc （表明宗教信仰、准则等的）声明: a confession of faith 信仰声明./kənˈfeʃənl; kən`fɛʃənəl/ n private, usu enclosed, place in a church where a priest sits to hear confessions （教堂中神父听取忏悔的）告解室: the secrets of the confessional 在告解室中吐露的隐情./kənˈfesə(r); kən`fɛsɚ/ n priest who hears confessions 听取忏悔的神父; 告解神父./kənˈfetɪ; kən`fɛtɪ/ n [sing v] small pieces of coloured paper thrown over the bride and bridegroom at a wedding （婚礼时投撒在新娘和新郎身上的）五彩纸屑./ˌkɒnfɪˈdænt; ˌkɑnfə`dænt/ n trusted person to whom one speaks about one's private affairs or secrets （可以向之披露私事或内心秘密的）知己, 密友./kənˈfaɪd; kən`faɪd/ v  1 (a) [Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth to sb tell (a secret) to sb 向某人吐露（秘密）: She confided her troubles to a friend. 她向朋友倾吐了内心的烦恼. * He confided (to me) that he had applied for another job. 他（向我）吐露说他已申请了另一份工作. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth (fml 文) give sb/sth to sb to be looked after; entrust 委托某人照料某人[某事物]; 托付: Can I confide my children to your care? 托你照顾一下我的孩子好吗?  2 (phr v) confide in sb trust sb enough to tell a secret to him 充分信赖某人（可告知秘密者）: There's no one here I can confide in. 这里没有一个我可以信赖的人./ˈkɒnfɪdəns; `kɑnfədəns/ n  1 [U] (a) ~ (in sb/sth) firm trust (in sb, in sb's ability, or in what is said, reported, etc) 坚定的信赖: to have/lose confidence in sb 对某人抱有[失去]信心 * I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有什么信心. * Don't put too much confidence in what the papers say. 不要过分相信报纸上的话. * There is a lack of confidence in the Government, ie People do not believe that its policies are wise. 人民 对政府缺乏信心. (b) feeling of certainty; trust in one's own ability 把握; 自信心: He answered the questions with confidence. 他很有把握地回答了那个问题. * You are too shy: you should have more confidence (in yourself). 你太缩手缩脚了, 应该增强（自）信心.  2 [C] secret which is told to sb 知心话; 私房话: The two girls sat in a corner exchanging confidences. 那两个女孩子坐在角落里说着悄悄话.  3 (idm 习语) in (strict) confidence as a secret 当作秘密: I'm telling you this in (strict) confidence  so don't breathe a word of it. 我现在告诉你这件事是个（绝对的）秘密--千万不可外传. take sb into one's confidence tell sb one's secrets, etc 向某人吐露内心的秘密等.act of swindling sb by first gaining his trust 骗局（从赢得信任入手使某人受骗）.(also infml 口语亦作 `con man) person who swindles people in this way （以此术行骗的）骗子./ˈkɒnfɪdənt; `kɑnfədənt/ adj ~ (of sth/that...) feeling or showing trust in oneself or one's ability 自信的; 有信心的; 有把握的: a confident smile, manner, speech 显示信心的微笑、态度、讲话等 * feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功 * He isconfident of victory. 他对胜利充满信心. /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃl; ˌkɑnfə`dɛnʃəl/ adj  1 to be kept secret; not to be made known to others 恪守秘密的; 机密的: confidential information, files, letters 机密情报、文件、信件.  2 [attrib 作定语] trusted with secrets 获得信任参与机密的: a confidential secretary 机要秘书.  3 trusting 表示信任的: speaking in a confidential tone 用表示信任的口吻说话. /ˌkɒn-fɪˌdenʃɪˈlətɪ; ˌkɑnfɪˌdɛnʃɪ`ælɪtɪ/ n [U]. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv: He told me confidentially that he's thinking of resigning next year. 他私下告诉我他打算明年辞职.adv.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] trusting; not suspicious 易信任人的; 深信不疑的: She was a practised swindler and took advantage of the old man's confiding nature. 她是一个行骗的老手, 利用了那个老人生性轻信以售其奸. adv./kənˌfɪgəˈreɪʃn; <i>US</i> -ˌfɪgjʊˈreɪʃn; kən-ˌfɪˇjᴜ`reʃən/ n arrangement of the parts of sth; shape or outline 某物的构造、结构、布局; 形状; 外观: the configuration of the earth's surface, the vocal tract, the solar system 地球表面的形状; 发音系统的构造; 太阳系的分布./kənˈfɪgə(r); <i>US</i> kənˈfɪgjər; kən`fɪˇjɚ/ v [Tn] (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) arrange (sth) for a particular purpose, usu so that it is compatible with other equipment 装配, 配置（某物）（通常为与其他装置兼容）./kənˈfaɪn; kən`faɪn/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/to sth) keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space 限制在某空间以内: Is it cruel to confine a bird in a cage? 把鸟关在笼子里残忍不残忍? * After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week. 她手术之後已卧床一星期了. * I should hate to be confined in an office all day. 我讨厌整天关在办公室里.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth restrict or keep sb/sth within certain limits 将某人[某事物]限制在一定范围以内: I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演讲者不要离题. * Confine your criticism to matters you understand. 发表评论时不要超出自己所了解的事情的范围.adj (of space) limited; restricted （指空间）有限的, 受限制的: It is hard to work efficiently in such a confined space. 在这样狭小的空间里工作很难提高效率.n  1 [U] being confined; imprisonment 限制; 监禁: to be placed in confinement, ie in a prison, mental hospital, etc 被监禁, 禁闭（坐牢、被关进精神病院里等） * The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement, ie kept apart from other prisoners. 那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月（与其他犯人隔离）.  2 (a) [U] time during which a baby is being born 分娩期: Her confinement was approaching. 她的分娩期临近了. (b) [C] instance of this; birth 分娩; 生育: The doctor has been called to a home confinement, ie a birth taking place at the mother's home rather than in hospital. 那医生被请到产妇家里接生./ˈkɒnfaɪnz; `kɑnfaɪnz/ n [pl] (fml 文) limits; borders; boundaries 界限; 边界; 范围: beyond the confines of human knowledge 超出人类知识的范围 * within the confines of family life 在家庭生活的范围内./kənˈfɜːm; kən`fɝm/ v  1 [Tn, Tf] provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth of 证实, 证明（报告、意见等）的正确性; 确认: The rumours of an attack were later confirmed. 发动攻击的谣传後来得到了证实. * The announcement confirmed my suspicions. 这项通告证明了我的猜疑属实. * Please write to confirm your reservation, ie send a letter to support a booking made by telephone. 请来信确认一下您所预订的项目（来信确认在电话中预订的项目）. * When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时, 她肯定了她将要退休.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sth; ~ sb (as/in sth) ratify (a treaty, appointment, etc); make definite or establish more firmly (power, a position, etc) 批准（条约、任命等）; 肯定, 巩固或加强（权力、地位等）: The new minister will be confirmed in office by the Queen. 新的部长将由女王批准任职. * After a six-month probationary period, she was confirmed in her post. 经过六个月的试用期之後, 她获准正式任该职. * The incident confirmed him in (ie established more firmly) his dislike of dogs. 出了这件事之後他就更加不喜欢狗了.  3 [Tn] admit (sb) to full membership of the Christian Church （教会）给（某人）施坚信礼（使之成为正式教徒）: She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 她出生一个月时受洗礼, 十三岁时行坚信礼./ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃn; ˌkɑnfɚ`meʃən/ n [U, C] confirming or being confirmed 证实; 证明; 批准; 肯定; 巩固; 加强; 坚信礼: We are waiting for confirmation of our onward reservations, ie waiting to be told that our further travel bookings are still valid. 我们在等候通知预定的下一步行程是否落实. * The bishop conducted a number of confirmations at the service. 主教在仪式上为许多人施行了坚信礼.adj [attrib 作定语] settled in a particular habit or state 习惯的; 根深蒂固的: a confirmed bachelor, ie a single man who is unlikely to marry 抱独身主义的男子 * a confirmed drunkard, gambler, etc 饮酒、赌博等成癖的人./ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt; `kɑnfɪsˌket/ v [Tn] take possession of (sb's property) by authority, without payment or compensation 没收（某人的财产）; 充公: The headmaster confiscated Tommy's pea-shooter. 校长没收了汤米的射豆枪. * If you are caught smuggling goods into the country, they will probably be confiscated. 假若查出你向该国走私货物, 你的货物准得没收. /ˌkɒnfɪˈskeɪʃn; ˌkɑnfɪs`keʃən/ n [C, U]./ˌkɒnfləˈgreɪʃn; ˌkɑnflə`ˇreʃən/ n (fml 文) great and destructive fire 大火; 大火灾./kənˈfleɪt; kən`flet/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] combine (two sets of information, texts, etc) into one 将（两种资料、文本等）合而为一; 混合: The results of the two experiments were conflated. 这两项实验的结果合并在一起了. * Can these two definitions be conflated, or must they be kept separate? 这两个定义可以合成一个呢, 还是必须分开? /kənˈfleɪʃn; kən`fleʃən/ n [U, C]./ˈkɒnflɪkt; `kɑnflɪkt/ n [C, U]  1 (a) struggle; fight 斗争; 战斗: soldiers involved in armed conflict 遭遇武装冲突的士兵. (b) (fig 比喻) serious disagreement; argument; controversy 冲突; 争执; 争论; 论战: a long and bitter conflict between employers and workers 劳资双方旷日持久的激烈争执.  2 (of opinions, desires, etc) opposition; difference; clash （意见、欲望等）不合, 分歧, 抵触: the conflict between one's duty and one's desires 责任与欲望之间的矛盾 * a conflict of interests, ie between the achievement of one aim and that of another 利害冲突 * Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. 你的陈述同其余证据有矛盾.

/kənˈflikt; kən`flɪkt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible; clash 不合; 不一致; 冲突; 抵触: A and B conflict/A conflicts with B. A和B相冲突. * The statements of the two witnesses conflict. 两个证人的证词不一致. * Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同./ˈkɒnflʊəns; `kɑnflᴜəns/ n  1 place where two rivers flow together and become one （两河）汇流点, 汇合处: the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile 青尼罗河与白尼罗河的交汇处.  2 (fml 文) coming together, esp of large numbers of people 汇合, 汇集（尤指大群的人）./ˈkɒnflʊənt; `kɑnflᴜənt/ adj (fml 文) flowing or coming together; uniting 汇流的; 汇合的; 联合的./kənˈfɔːm; kən`fɔrm/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc) 符合或遵守（公认的规则、准则等）: her refusal to conform (to the normal social conventions) 她的拒绝遵从（正常的社会习俗） * The building does not conform to safety regulations. 这座建筑物不符合安全条例.  2 [Ipr] ~ with/to sth agree or be consistent with sth 与某事物相符合或相一致: His ideas do not conform with mine. 他的想法跟我的不一致./ˌkɒnfɔːˈmeɪʃn; ˌkɑnfɔr`meʃən/ n [U, C] (fml 文) way in which sth is formed; structure 构造; 结构./kənˈfɔːmɪst; kən`fɔrmɪst/ n person who conforms to accepted behaviour, the established religion, etc 循规蹈矩的人; 墨守成规的人: She's too much of a conformist to wear silly clothes. 她很古板, 不穿那些奇装异服./kənˈfɔːmətɪ; kən`fɔrmətɪ/ n   1 [U] ~ (to/with sth) (fml 文) (behaviour, etc) conforming to established rules, customs, etc 符合, 依照（法规、习俗等）（的行为等）.  2 (idm 习语) in conformity with sth (fml 文) in accordance with sth; obeying sth 与某事物相一致; 顺从某事物: act in conformity with the rules, law, etc 依照规定、法律等行事 * in conformity with your request, instructions, wishes, etc 遵照你的要求、指示、愿望等./kənˈfaʊnd; kɑn`faᴜnd/ v  1 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) puzzle and surprise (sb); perplex 使（某人）困惑和惊奇; 使迷惑: His behaviour amazed and confounded her. 他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑. * I was confounded to hear that... 我听到...感到大惑不解.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (dated 旧) confuse (ideas, etc) 使（思想等）混乱.  3 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) defeat (sb) 击败（某人）: confound an enemy, a rival, a critic, etc 击败敌人、对手、批评者等. (b) prevent (sth); thwart 防碍, 挫败（某事物）: confound a plan, an attempt, etc 挫败计划、企图等.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) (used as an interj to express anger 用作叹词表示愤怒): Confound it! 真讨厌! * Confound you! 去你的!adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to emphasize one's annoyance 用以强调厌烦之意): You're a confounded nuisance! 你真讨厌死了!adv (infml 口) very 非常: It's confoundedly hot. 极热的./kənˈfrʌnt; kən`frʌnt/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sb with sb/sth make sb face or consider sb/sth unpleasant, difficult, etc 使某人面对或正视令人不快、令人头疼等的人[事物]: They confronted the prisoner with his accusers. 他们让犯人与原告对质. * When confronted with the evidence of her guilt, she confessed. 她面对罪证供认不讳.  2 [Tn] (a) (of a difficulty, etc) face (sb) threateningly; oppose （指困难等）临到（某人）头上; 面临: the problems confronting us 摆在我们面前的问题 * Confronted by an angry crowd the police retreated. 警察面对愤怒的人群只好後撤了. (b) face (sth) defiantly 对抗或面对（某事物）: A soldier often has to confront danger. 士兵常常要身临险境./ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑnfrʌn`teʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) angry opposition 对抗; 对抗的事物: a confrontation between the Government and the unions 政府与工会之间的对抗./kənˈfjuːʃn; kən`fjuʃən/ adj, n (follower) ofConfucius/ kEn5fju:FEs; kEn`fjuFEs/, the Chinese philosopherand teacher (551-479 BC)  孔子的; 崇奉孔子的; 儒家的; 孔子的信徒./kənˈfjuːz; kən`fjuz/ v  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sb) unable to think clearly; puzzle; bewilder 把（某人）弄糊涂; 使迷惑; 使为难: They confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一大堆问题, 把我都弄糊涂了.  2 [Tn] put (sth) into disorder; upset 把（某事物）搞乱; 打乱: Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans. 她突然来到把我们所有的计划全打乱了.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and/with B mistake one person or thing for another 把此人或此物误当作彼人或彼物; 混淆: I always confuse the sisters: they look so alike.我总是分不出这对姐妹, 她们看上去简直一模一样. * Don't confuse Austria and/with Australia. 不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚弄混淆了. * This construction should not be confused with the regular passive. 这种句法结构不可与按规则变化的被动语态相混淆.  4 [Tn] make (sth) unclear; muddle 使（某事物）模糊不清; 使含糊: a confused argument 自相矛盾的论点 * Don't confuse the issue, eg by introducing irrelevant topics. 不要把问题搅乱（如提出无关的话题）.adj  1 unable to think clearly; bewildered 糊涂的; 迷乱的: All your changes of plan have made me totally confused. 你把计划改来改去, 我都糊涂了. * The old lady easily gets confused. 这个老太婆容易迷糊.  2 mixed up; not clear 混杂的; 不清楚的: a confused account of what happened 对发生的事杂乱无章的叙述. /-ɪdlɪ; -ɪdlɪ/ adv.adj difficult to understand; puzzling 莫名其妙的; 难以理解的: a most confusing speech 完全莫名其妙的讲话 * The instructions on the box are very confusing. 盒子上的使用说明含混不清. adv./kənˈfjuːʒn; kən`fjuʒən/ n [U]  1 bewilderment or embarrassment 迷乱; 惶惑: gazing in confusion at the strange sight 惶惑地凝视着这种奇怪的景象.  2 disorder 混乱; 杂乱: Her unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion. 她来得很突然, 使我们完全不知所措.  3 mistaking of one person or thing for another 混淆; 混同: There has been some confusion of names. 有些名字弄混了.  4 state of uncertainty 不确定状态: There is some confusion about what the right procedure should be. 对应该采取怎样的步骤这一点还不太明确./ˌkɒnfjuːˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑn-fjᴜ`teʃən/ n [U, C]./kənˈfjuːt; kən`fjut/ v [Tn] (fml 文) prove (a person or an argument) to be wrong 证明（某人或某论点）有误; 驳倒. /ˈkɒŋgə; `kɑŋˇə/ n (music for a) lively dance in which the dancers follow a leader linked together in a long winding line 康茄舞; 康茄舞乐曲./kənˈdʒiːl; kən`dʒil/ v [I, Tn] (of a liquid) (cause to) become thick or solid, esp by cooling （指液体）（使）变浓或凝结（尤指遇冷冻结）: The blood had congealed round the cut on her knee. 血液在她的膝盖伤口周围凝固了. * Use hot water to rinse the congealed fat off the dinner plates. 用热水把菜盘上凝结的油渍冲洗掉./kənˈdʒiːnɪəl; kən`dʒinjəl/ adj  1 (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests,etc （指人）（因性情、志趣等相近）彼此合得来的, 意气相投的: a congenial companion 情投意合的伴侣.  2 ~ (to sb) agreeable or pleasant because suited to one's nature or tastes 适合于自己的天性或癖好的: a congenial climate, environment, hobby 适意的气候、环境、消遣 * I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial. 我觉得我的工作的这一方面特别适合于我. /kənˌdʒiːnɪˈælətɪ; kənˌdʒinɪ`ælətɪ/ n [U]. /-ɪəlɪ; -jəlɪ/ adv./kənˈdʒenɪtl; kən`dʒɛnətl/ adj  1 (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth （指疾病等）天生的, 先天的: congenital defects, blindness, etc 先天性缺陷、失明等.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of people) born with a certain illness or condition （指人）生来有某种疾病或状况的: a congenital idiot, syphilitic, etc 先天性白痴、梅毒患者等./ˈkɒŋgə(r); `kɑŋˇɚ/ n (also ,conger eel) large type of sea eel 康吉鳗（一种大海鳗）./kənˈdʒestɪd; kən`dʒɛstɪd/ adj  1 ~ (with sth) too full; overcrowded 拥挤不堪的; 充塞的: streets congested with traffic 交通拥塞的街道.  2 (a) (of parts of the body, eg the lungs) abnormally full of blood （指身体的部分, 如肺部）充血的. (b) (of the nose) blocked with mucus （指鼻子）因鼻涕多而不通的: He had a cold and was very congested. 他患了感冒, 鼻子不通./kənˈdʒestʃən; kən`dʒɛstʃən/ n [U] state of being congested 拥挤; 充塞; 充血; 鼻腔阻塞: traffic congestion 交通拥塞 * congestion of the lungs 肺充血./kənˈglɒmərət; kən`ˇlɑmərɪt/ n  1 materials gathered together into a rounded mass （聚集成团的）聚合物.  2 rock made of small stones held together by cement, dried clay, etc （由小石块用水泥、泥等粘结而成的）岩块.  3 (commerce 商) large corporation formed by merging several different firms （通过合并若干企业而组建的）大公司, 企业集团: a mining, chemical, etc conglomerate 矿业、化工等企业集团./kənˌglɒməˈreɪʃn; kənˌˇlɑmə`re-ʃən/ n  1 [C] (infml 口) assortment of different things gathered together or found in the same place 聚集物; 收集物: a conglomeration of rusty old machinery 一堆生锈的旧机器.  2 [U] process of becoming, or state of being, a conglomerate 聚集过程; 组建成企业集团的过程; 聚集状态./kənˈgrætʃʊleɪt; kən`ˇrætʃəˌlet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sb (on sth) tell sb that one is pleased about his good fortune or achievements 祝贺; 庆贺; 道喜: congratulate sb on his marriage, new job, good exam results, etc 祝贺某人结婚、找到新工作、考试成绩优良等.  2 ~ oneself (on/upon (doing) sth) consider oneself fortunate or successful; be proud (of sth) 认为自己幸运或成功; （为某事物而）自鸣得意: You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job. 你的工作做得很出色, 你应该感到自豪./kənˌgrætʃʊˈleɪʃn; kənˌˇrætʃə`leʃən/ n  1 [U] congratulating or being congratulated 祝贺或受到祝贺: a speech of congratulation for the winner 对获胜者的贺词.  2 congratulations [pl] (a) words ofcongratulation 贺词: offer sb one's congratulations on his success 祝贺某人成功. (b) (used as an interj 用作叹词): You've passed your driving test? Congratulations! 你驾驶测验合格了? 向你道喜! * Congratulations on winning the prize! 祝贺你获奖!/kənˈgrætʃʊlətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; kən`ˇrætʃələˌtɔrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] intended to congratulate 祝贺的: congratulatory words, letters, telegrams, etc 贺词、贺信、贺电./ˈkɒngrɪgeɪt; `kɑŋˇrɪˌˇet/ v [I] come together in a crowd 集合; 聚集: A crowd quickly congregated (round the speaker). 大群的人迅速地（在演说者周围）聚集起来./ˌkɒŋgrɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌkɑŋˇrɪ`ˇeʃən/ n [CGp]  1 group of people gathered together for religious worship (usu excluding the priest and choir) （参加宗教礼拜式的）会众（通常不包括牧师和唱诗班）.  2 group of people who regularly attend a particular church, etc 教堂会众（定期参加某教会活动等的人群）.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of a congregation 会众的.  2 Congregational of a union of Christian churches in which individual congregations are responsible for their own affairs 公理会的./ˈkɒŋgres; <i>US</i> -grəs; `kɑŋˇrəs/ n [CGp]  1 formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between representatives 代表大会: a medical, international, etc congress 医学、国际等会议 * the Church Congress 教会代表大会.  2 Congress law-making body, eg of the USA  国会（立法机关, 如美国国会）. Cf 参看 senate 1.adj / kEn5greFEnl; kEn`^rZFEnl/ of a congress or Congress 代表大会的; 国会的; 最高立法机关的: a congressional investigation, committee 代表大会的审查、委员会等./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn;-mEn/), Congresswoman n (pl -women) member of the ?@ Congress 美国国会议员. /ˈkɒngrʊənt; `kɑŋˇrᴜənt/ adj  1 (geometry 几) having the same size and shape 全等的: congruent triangles 全等三角形.  2 (also congruous) ~ (with sth) (fml 文) suitable; fitting 适合的; 适当的; 相称的: measures congruent with the seriousness of the situation 针对情况的严重性而采取的措施./kɒŋˈgruːətɪ; kən`ˇruətɪ/ n [U]./ˈkɒŋgrʊəs; `kɑŋˇrᴜəs/ adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) = congruent2. /ˈkɒnɪk; `kɑnɪk/ adj (geometry 几) of a cone 圆锥的: conic sections, ie the shapes formed when a cone is intersected by a plane 圆锥截面./ˈkɒnɪkl; `kɑnɪkl/ adj cone-shaped 圆锥形的: a conical hat, shell, hill 锥形的帽子、贝壳、小山./ˈkɒnɪfə(r), also ˈkəʊn-; `kɑnəfɚ; `kon-/ n type of tree (eg pine, fir) that bears cones (cone 3) 针叶树（如松树、枞树、结球果）./kəˈnɪfərəs; <i>US</i> kəʊˈn-; ko`nɪfərəs/ adj (of trees) bearing cones （指树）结球果的, 针叶树的./kənˈdʒektʃərəl; kən`dʒɛktʃərəl/ adj based on conjecture 推测的; 猜测的./kənˈdʒektʃə(r); kən`dʒɛktʃɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about sth) (fml 文) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess 推测; 猜测: It was just as I had conjectured. 这正如我所猜测的. * Don't conjecture about the outcome. 不要对结果妄加猜测. * What made you conjecture that? 是什么促使你推测出这样的结论?

n  1 [C] guess 猜测; 推测: I was right in my conjectures. 我所猜测的都应验了.  2 [U] guessing 猜测; 推测: What the real cause was is open to conjecture. 真正的原因是什么尽可任凭猜测. * Your theory is pure conjecture. 你的理论纯粹是主观臆测./kənˈdʒɔɪn; kən`dʒɔɪn/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause people or things to) join together; unite （使）结合; 联合./kənˈdʒɔɪnt, ˈkɒndʒɔɪnt; kən`dʒɔɪnt/ adj(fml 文) united; associated 结合的; 联合的. adv./ˈkɒndʒʊgl; `kɑndʒᴜˇl/ adj (fml 文) of marriage or the relationship between a husband and a wife 婚姻的; 夫妻之间的: conjugal life, bliss, rights 婚姻的生活、美满、权利. /-gəlɪ; -ˇlɪ/ adv./ˈkɒndʒʊgeɪt; `kɑndʒᴜˌˇet/ v (grammar)  1 [Tn] give the different forms of (a verb), as they vary according to number, tense, etc 列举（动词）的变化形式（单复数、时态等）.  2 [I] (of a verb) have different forms showing number, tense, etc （指动词）有数、时态等词形变化: How does this verb conjugate? 这个动词有哪些变化形式?/ˌkɒndʒʊˈgeɪʃn; ˌkɑndʒə`ˇeʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (method of) conjugating 动词的词形变化（法）: a verb with an irregular conjugation 不规则的动词.  2 [C] class of verbs that conjugate in the same way 词形变化相似的一类动词: Latin verbs of the second conjugation 属于第二种变化法的拉丁语动词./kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn; kən`dʒʌŋkʃən/ n  1 [C] (grammar) word that joins words, phrases or sentences, eg and, but, or 连词（用以连接词、词组或句子的词, 如 and、but、or）.  2 (fml 文) (a) [C] combination (of events, etc) （事件等的）结合, 同时发生: an unusual conjunction of circumstances 各种情况偶然的巧合. (b) [U] joining or being joined together; blend 结合; 连在一起; 混和: the conjunction of workmanship and artistry in making jewellery 在珠宝饰物的制造中手工与艺术的结合.  3 (idm 习语) in conjunction with sb/sth together with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]一道: We are working in conjunction with the police. 我们与警方配合进行工作./kənˈdʒʌŋktɪv; kən`dʒʌŋktɪv/ adj (esp grammar 尤作语法用语) that joins or connects 连接的; 联结的: a conjunctive adverb 连接副词.

n conjuction(1) 连词./kɒnˌdʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtɪs; kənˌdʒʌŋktə`vaɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the thin transparent membrane which covers the eyeball 结膜炎./kənˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r); kən`dʒʌŋktʃɚ/ n (fml 文) combination (of events or circumstances); conjunction(2a) （事件或情况的）结合; 同时发生./ˌkɒndʒʊˈreɪʃn; ˌkɑndʒᴜ`reʃən/ n [U]./ˈkʌndʒə(r); `kʌndʒɚ/ v  1 [I] do clever tricks which seem magical, esp with quick movements of the hands 变戏法, 变魔术（尤指手法手法敏捷的）: learn how to conjure 学变戏法.  2 (idm 习语) a name to conjure with => name.  3 (phr v) conjure sth up (a) make sth appear as a picture in the mind 使某事物浮现于脑际: a tune which conjures up pleasant memories 唤起美好回忆的曲调. (b) ask (a spirit) to appear (esp by using a magic ceremony) 祈求（鬼魂）显灵（尤指使用巫术的）: conjure up the spirits of the dead 念咒召死者的魂灵. conjure sth up; conjure sth (up) from/out of sth make sth appear suddenly or unexpectedly, as if by magic （如变戏法般）使某事物突然地或意外地出现: I had lost my pen, but she conjured up another one for me from somewhere. 我把钢笔弄丢了, 可是她像变戏法似的不知从什么地方又给我弄来一枝. * conjuring a delicious meal out of a few unpromising ingredients 用一些毫不出奇的材料做出了一顿美餐.

/kənˈdʒʊə(r); kən`dʒᴜr/ v [Tn, Dn.t] (fml 文) appeal solemnly to (sb) 祈求, 恳求（某人）: Be on your guard, I conjure you. 千万要警惕呀, 我恳求你. * I conjure you most earnestly to reconsider your position.我最诚恳地请求你重新考虑一下你的立场. /ˈkʌndʒərə(r); `kʌndʒərɚ/ n person who performs conjuring tricks 变戏法的人; 魔术师. Cf 参看 magician (magic)./ˈkʌndʒərɪŋ; `kʌndʒərɪŋ/ n [U] performing of clever tricks which seem magical, esp involving quick movements of the hands 变戏法; 变魔术: [attrib 作定语] a `conjuring trick 戏法; 魔术; 把戏./kɒŋk; kɑŋk/ n (Brit sl 俚) nose 鼻子.

/kɒŋk; kɑŋk/ v (phr v) conk out (infml 口) (a) (of a machine) stop working （指机器）停止运转, 失灵: The car conked out at the crossroads. 汽车在十字路口抛锚了. (b) (of people) become exhausted and stop; fall asleep, faint or die （指人）筋疲力尽而停止, 入睡, 昏迷, 死去: Grandad usually conks out (ie sleeps) for an hour or so after lunch. 爷爷吃过午饭往往要睡一个小时左右./ˈkɒŋkə(r); `kɑŋkɚ/ n (infml 口 esp Brit) horse-chestnut 七叶树果. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i./kəˈnekt; kə`nɛkt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (to/with sth) come or bring together or into contact; join 连接; 联结; 结合: The wires connect (up) under the floor. 电线是在地板下接通的. * Where does the cooker connect with the gas-pipe? 煤气炉在什么地方与煤气管道衔接? * The two towns are connected by a railway. 这两个市镇通火车. * A railway connects Oxford and/with Reading. 牛津与雷丁之间有铁路相连. * Connect the fridge (up) to the electricity supply. 接通冰箱的电源. * The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone. 股骨连着髋骨. * The two rooms have a connecting door, ie so that you can go straight from one room into the other. 这两个房间有门相通. * an ill-connected narrative 缺乏连贯性的叙述.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sb (with sb/sth) associate sb (with sb/sth); relate sb (to sb/sth) 使某人（与某人[某事物]）有联系; 使有关系: a man connected with known criminals 与人所共知的罪犯有关系的人 * The two men are connected by marriage. 这两个男子是姻亲. * She is connected with a noble family. 她是某名门望族的亲戚. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) think of (different things or people) as being related to each other 用想像把（不同事物或人）联系起来; 联想: I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: I've never connected them before. 听到有人把他们俩扯在一起, 我感到很惊奇, 我以前从未想到过他们之间有什么关系. * People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a train, plane, etc) be timed to arrive so that passengers can transfer from or to another train, plane, etc （指火车、飞机等）安排好到达时间以便使中转的旅客换乘另一火车、飞机等; 实行联运: These two planes connect. 这两架班机在时间上互相衔接. * The 9:00 am train from London connects with the 12:05 pm from Crewe. 上午9时自伦敦开出的列车可接上下午12时05分自克鲁开出的列车. * There's a connecting flight at midday. 中午有一次联运航班.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sb) (of a telephonist) put sb into contact by telephone （话务员）给某人接通电话: Hold on, I'll just connect you (with Miss Jones). 请等一下, 我这就给您接通（琼斯小姐的电话）.  5 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (infml 口) (of a blow, etc) strike or touch （指打击等）击中或碰到: a wild swing which failed to connect (with his chin) 抡臂猛击, 却未击中（他的下巴）. Cf 参看 well-connected (well3).rod linking the piston and the crankshaft in an engine 活塞杆./kəˈnekʃn; kə`nɛkʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] connecting or being connected 连接; 联结: How long will the connection of the telephone take? ie How long will it take to install a telephone and connect it to the exchange? 安装电话机与总机接通要多长时间? (b) [C] ~ between sth and sth; ~ with/to sth point where two things are connected; thing that connects 连接点; 连接物: There's a faulty connection in the fuse-box. 保险丝盒里接错了线. * What is the connection between the two ideas, ie How are they linked? 这两个概念之间有什么联系? * Is there a connection between smoking and lung cancer? 吸烟跟肺癌是否有关? * His dismissal has no connection with (ie is not due to) the quality of his work. 他被解雇一事与他的工作好坏无关.  2 [C] train, plane, etc timed to leave a station, airport, etc soon after the arrival of another, enabling passengers to change from one to the other （供中转旅客及时换乘的）联运交通工具（如火车、飞机等）: The train was late and I missed my connection. 列车误点了, 我没能赶上联运.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] person whom one knows socially or through business, esp one who has influence or high rank 熟人, 生意上的关系户（尤指有权有势的）: I heard about it through one of my business connections. 我通过一个生意上的关系户知道了这件事.  4 connections [pl] relatives 亲属; 亲戚: She is British but also has German connections. 她是英国人, 但也有一些德国亲戚.  5 (idm 习语) in connection with sb/sth with reference to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关: I am writing to you in connection with your job application. 此信是有关你求职一事的. in this/that connection (fml 文) with reference to this/that 关于这[那]一点./kəˈnektɪv; kə`nɛktɪv/ adj that connects things 连接的; 起连接作用的: connective tissue 结缔组织.

n thing that connects, esp a linking word 连接物; （尤指）联结词./ˈkɒnɪŋ taʊə(r); `kɑnɪŋ ˌtaᴜɚ/ n raised structure on a submarine containing the periscope （潜水艇上带有潜望镜的）了望塔./kəˈnaɪvəns; kə`naɪvəns/ n [U] ~ (at/in sth) conniving (at a wrong action) 默许, 纵容（错误的行为）: a crime carried out with the connivance of/in connivance with the police 在警方的纵容下所犯的罪行./kəˈnaɪv; kə`naɪv/ v [Ipr] ~ at sth (derog 贬) disregard or seem to allow (a wrong action) 对错误行为视若无睹; 默许; 纵容: Not to protest is to connive at the destruction of the environment. 对于破坏环境的行为不加反对就等于纵容.adj acting slyly and unpleasantly so as to harm others 搞阴谋的; 暗算他人的: You conniving bastard! 你这个阴险的家伙!/ˌkɒnəˈsɜː(r); ˌkɑnə`sɝ/ n person with good judgement on matters in which appreciation of fineness or beauty is needed, esp the fine arts （尤指艺术品的）鉴赏家, 鉴定家, 行家: a connoisseur of painting, antiques, wine 绘画、古瓷、古董、葡萄酒鉴定家./ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑnə`teʃən/ n idea which a word makes one think of in addition to the main meaning 隐含意义; 言外之意: The word `hack' means `journalist' but has derogatory connotations.  hack 一词意为｀新闻记者＇, 但含贬义./kəˈnəʊt; kə`not/ v [Tn, Tf] (of words) suggest (sth) in addition to the main meaning （指词语）含有某种附加意义: a term connoting disapproval/that one disapproves of sth 暗含不赞成[不赞成某事物]的词语./kəˈnjuːbɪəl; <i>US</i> -ˈnuː-; kə`nubɪəl/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) of marriage; of husband and wife 婚姻的; 夫妻的: connubial life, bliss, etc 夫妻生活、和睦等./ˈkɒŋkə(r); `kɔŋkɚ/ v [Tn]  1 (a) take possession of (sth) by force 以武力占领, 征服（某事物）: The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英国. (b) (fig 比喻) gain the admiration, love, etc of (sb/sth) 赢得（某人[某事物]的赞誉、爱慕等: He set out to conquer the literary world of London. 他决心赢得伦敦文学界的赞誉. * She has conquered the hearts of many men, ie they have fallen in love with her. 她已使许多男子倾心.  2 (a) defeat (an enemy, a rival, etc) 击败 （敌人、对手等）: England conquered their main rivals in the first round of the competition. 英格兰队在第一轮比赛中就击败了主要对手. (b) (fig 比喻) overcome (an obstacle, emotion, etc) 克服（障碍、情绪等）: The mountain was not conquered (ie successfully climbed) until 1953.  1953年以前, 从未有人能攀登到这座山的山顶. * Smallpox has finally been conquered. 天花终于遏制住了. * You must conquer your fear of driving. 你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理./ˈkɒŋkərə(r); `kɑŋkərɚ/ n person who conquers 征服者: William the Conqueror, ie King William I of England. 征服者威廉（英国国王威廉一世）./ˈkɒŋkwest; `kɑŋkwɛst/ n  1 [U] conquering (eg of a country and its people); defeat 征服（如某国家及其人民）; 击败: the Norman Conquest, ie of England by the Normans in 1066  诺曼人的征服（即1066年诺曼人征服英国） * the conquest of cancer 战胜癌症.  2 [C] (a) thing got by conquering 掠取物; 战利品: the Roman conquests in Africa 罗马人在非洲的征服所得. (b) person whose admiration or (esp) love has been gained 仰慕者; 崇拜者; （尤指）爱情的俘虏: He is one of her many conquests. 她倾倒众生, 他是其中之一. * You've made quite a conquest there, ie He or she likes you! 你很招人喜爱!/kɒnˈkwɪstədɔː(r); kɑn`kwɪstəˌdɔr/ n (pl ~s or  ~es) one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century （16世纪征服墨西哥和秘鲁的）西班牙征服者./ˌkɒnsæŋˈgwɪnətɪ; ˌkɑnsæŋ`ˇwɪnətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) relationship by being descended from the same family 血亲; 血缘; 血族: close ties of consanguinity 很近的血亲关系./ˈkɒnʃəns; `kɑnʃəns/ n [C, U]  1 person's awareness of right and wrong with regard to his own thoughts and actions 良心; 是非感: have a clear/guilty conscience, ie feel one has done right/wrong 问心无[有]愧 * After she had committed the crime, her conscience was troubled, ie she felt very guilty. 她犯罪後, 良心上感到很不安. * She cheerfully cheats and lies; she's got no conscience at all. 她以撒谎和骗人为乐, 完全没有良心. * I must go. It's a matter of conscience, ie I think it would be morally wrong not to go. 我必须去, 这是有关良心的事（不去对不起自己的良心）. * prisoners of conscience, ie people imprisoned because they believe it is wrong to support a political system, etc 政治犯（认为拥护某政治制度等是错误的因而被关押者）.  2 (idm 习语) ease sb's conscience/mind => ease2. have sth on one's conscience feel troubled about sth one has done or failed to do 因做了某事或未能做某事而内疚: He has several murders on his conscience. 他因为谋害了几个人而受到良心的谴责. in all conscience by any reasonable standard 当然; 的确; 凭良心: You cannot in all conscience regard that as fair pay. 你在良心上总不能认为那样的报酬算是合理的吧. on one's `conscience making one feel one has done wrong, or left sth undone 使人觉得自己做错了事或该做某事而未做: It's still on my conscience that I didn't warn her in time. 我未能及时提醒她, 这事至今使我耿耿于怀. search one's heart/conscience => search.money paid to make one feel less guilty, esp when one should have paid it before 为求心安而付出的钱（尤指早就应付的钱）./-strɪkən; -ˌstrɪkən/ filled with remorse 于心不安的; 受良心责备的./ˌkɒnʃɪˈenʃəs; ˌkɑnʃɪ`ɛnʃəs/ adj  1 (of people or conduct) careful to do what one ought to do, and do it as well as one can （指人或行为）认真的, 尽责的: a conscientious worker, pupil, attitude 勤勤恳恳的工作人员、学生、态度.  2 (of actions) done with great care and attention （指行动）小心谨慎的: This essay is a most conscientious piece of work. 这篇论文是精雕细刻的工作. person who refuses to serve in the armed forces because he thinks it is morally wrong （因觉不合道义）拒服兵役者. Cf 参看 pacifist (pacifism).adv. n [U]./ˈkɒnʃəs; `kɑnʃəs/ adj  1 knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses and mental powers; awake 感觉到的; 意识到的; 清醒的: He was in a coma for days, but now he's (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几天, 但现在又（完全）清醒了. * She spoke to us in her conscious moments. 她神志清醒时跟我们说过话.  2 ~ of sth/that... aware; noticing 知道的; 察觉的; 注意到的: be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己 * Are you conscious (of) how people will regard such behaviour? 你知道人们对这种行为是怎样看待的吗?  3 (of actions, feelings, etc) realized by oneself; intentional （指行为、感情等）自觉的; 蓄意的: One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同. * I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him. 我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁.  4 being particularly aware of and interested in the thing mentioned 对所提到的事物具有深刻认识和浓厚兴趣的: trying to make the workers more politically conscious 努力提高工人的政治觉悟 * Teenagers are very `fashion-conscious. 青少年很讲究时髦. adv./ˈkɒnʃəsnɪs; `kɑnʃəsnɪs/ n [U]  1 (a) state of being conscious(1) 知觉; 清醒状态: The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 那一击打得他失去了知觉. * recover/regain consciousness after an accident 事故之後恢复知觉. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) state of being aware; awareness 明了; 觉悟: my consciousness of her needs 我对她的需求的了解 * class consciousness, ie awareness of the struggle between social classes and strong attachment to one's own class 阶级觉悟.  2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc of a person or people 意识: attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根于英国人意识中的看法./kənˈskrɪpt; kən`skrɪpt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) force sb by law to serve in the armed forces 徵召某人服兵役: conscripted into the army 被徵入伍 * (fig 比喻) I got conscripted into the team when their top player was injured. 他们的尖子队员受了伤, 就把我召去了. Cf 参看 draft.

/ˈkɒnskrɪpt; `kɑnskrɪpt/ n person who has been conscripted 被徵入伍者; 应徵人员: [attrib 作定语] conscript soldiers 应徵士兵 * a conscript army 应徵部队. Cf 参看 volunteer 2./kənˈskrɪpʃn; kən`skrɪpʃən/ n [U] conscripting of people into the armed forces 徵兵; 招兵./ˈkɒnsɪkreɪt; `kɑnsɪˌkret/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n] bring (sth) into religious use or (sb) into a religious office by a special ceremony 把（某事物）奉献（作宗教用途）; 行仪式使（某人）就任圣职: The new church was consecrated by the Bishop of Chester. 在切斯特的主教主持下举行了新教堂的奉献礼. * He was consecrated Archbishop last year. 他于去年就任大主教之圣职.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb to sth reserve sth/sb for or devote sth/sb to a special (esp religious) purpose 将某物[某人]留给或献给某事物[某人]作某种（尤指宗教的）用途: consecrate one's life to the service of God, to the relief of suffering 献身于为神服务[解除世人苦难]的事业. Cf 参看 dedicate 3./ˌkɒnsɪˈkreɪʃn; ˌkɑnsɪ`kreʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) consecrating or being consecrated 献祭; 献身; 授圣职的仪式: the consecration of a bishop, ie the ceremony at which a priest is made a bishop 主教授职礼（由神父升为主教的仪式）./kənˈsekjʊtɪv; kən`sɛkjətɪv/ adj coming one after the other without interruption; following continuously 顺序来的; 连续不断的: on three consecutive days, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday 星期一、星期二、星期三连续三天. adv./kənˈsensəs; kən`sɛnsəs/ n [C, U] ~ (on sth/that...) agreement in opinion; collective opinion 意见一致; 共同看法: The two parties have reached a consensus. 这两个政党达成了一致意见. * There is broad consensus (of opinion) in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下（舆论）普遍一致. * [attrib 作定语] consensus politics, ie the practice of proposing policies which will be given support by (nearly) all parties 以协商为基础的政治./kənˈsent; kən`sɛnt/ v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) give agreement or permission 同意; 允许: She made the proposal, and I readily consented (to it). 她提出了这个建议, 我欣然同意. * She won't consent to him staying out late/to his staying out late. 她不允许他呆在外面太晚. * They finally consented (ie agreed) to go with us. 他们终于同意了和我们一块走. * sex between consenting adults, ie who both agree to it 成年人之间两相情愿的性行为.

n [U]  1 ~ (to sth) agreement; permission 同意; 允许: Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事. * He gave his consent for the project to get under way. 他同意将这个计划付诸实施. * She was chosen as leader by common consent, ie Everyone agreed to the choice. 她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的. * Silence implies consent, ie One is assumed to agree if one remains silent. 沉默意味着同意.  2 (idm 习语) with one consent (arch 古) unanimously 一致同意地./ˈkɒnsɪkwəns; <i>US</i> -kwens; `kɑnsəˌkwɛns/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that is a result or an effect of sth else 结果; 後果; 影响: Her investment had disastrous consequences: she lost everything she owned. 她的投资结果很惨, 血本无归. * be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of one's actions, ie accept the bad things which happen as a result 准备承担自己行动的後果 * recent developments which could have far-reaching consequences for the country's economy 最近的事态变化, 能够对国家的经济产生深远影响.  2 [U] (fml 文) importance 重要性: It is of no consequence. 这无关紧要. * He may be a man of consequence (ie an important man or man of high rank) in his own country, but he's nobody here. 他在自己的国家中尽管举足轻重, 但在此地却毫不显眼.  3 (idm 习语) in consequence (of sth) (infml 口) as a result (of sth) 由于（某事物）的缘故; 因而: She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪, 因而失去了工作./ˈkɒnsɪkwənt; `kɑnsəˌkwɛnt/ adj ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) following sth as a result or an effect 由某事物引起的; 随之发生的: his resignation and the consequent public uproar 他的辞职以及由此而引起的公众的哗然 * the rise in prices consequent upon the failure of the crops 由于农作物歉收而引起的物价上涨./ˌkɒnsɪˈkwenʃl; ˌkɑnsə`kwɛnʃəl/ adj (fml 文)  1 following as a result or an effect (esp indirect) 随之发生的（尤指间接发生的）; 余波所及的: She was injured and suffered a consequential loss of earnings. 她受了伤因而收入受损.  2 (a) of far-reaching importance 有深远重要性的. (b) (derog 贬) (of a person) self-important; pompous （指人）自高自大的, 自负的. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv.adv as a result; therefore 所以; 因而: My car broke down and consequently I was late. 我的汽车坏了, 所以我迟到了./kənˈsɜːvənsɪ; kən`sɝvənsɪ/ n (Brit)  1 (often 常作 Conservancy) [CGp] group of officials controlling a port, a river, an area of land, etc （港口、河道、地区等的）管理机构: the Thames Conservancy 泰晤士河管理委员会 * the Nature Conservancy 自然资源管理委员会.  2 [U] official conservation (of forests, etc) 政府（对森林等）的保护./ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn; ˌkɑnsɚ`veʃən/ n [U]  1 prevention of loss, waste, damage, destruction, etc 保存; 保护; 避免损失、浪费、破坏、损坏等: the conservation of forests, water resources, old buildings, etc 对森林、水源、古老建筑等的保护 * wildlife conservation 对野生动物的保护 * (physics 物) the conservation of energy, ie the principle that the total quantity of energy in the universe never varies 能量守恒.  2 preservation of the natural environment 对自然环境的保护: She is interested in conservation. 她对保护环境这个问题十分关心.(Brit) area protected by law from changes that would damage its natural or architectural character 保护区（受法律保护维持其原有的自然风貌或建筑特色的地区./-ʃənɪst; ˌ-ʃənɪst/ n person who is interested in conservation(2) 关心环保问题的人; 自然环境保护论者./kənˈsɜːvətɪzəm; kən`sɝvəˌtɪzəm/ n [U]  1 tendency to resist great or sudden change (esp in politics) 抗拒巨变或突变（尤指政治方面）的倾向; 保守性: people's innate conservatism 人们固有的保守性.  2 (usu 通常作 Conservatism) the principles of the Conservative Party in British politics 保守主义（英国政界保守党的基本信条）./kənˈsɜːvətɪv; kən`sɝvətɪv/ adj  1 opposed to great or sudden change 反对做大的或突然的改变的; 保守的; 守旧的: Old people are usually more conservative than young people. 老年人通常比年轻人保守.  2 (usu 通常作 Conservative) of the British Conservative Party 英国保守党的: Conservative principles, candidates, voters. 英国保守党的政策、候选人、投票者.  3 cautious; moderate; avoiding extremes 谨慎的; 稳健的; 避免过激的: There must have been a thousand people there, at a conservative estimate, ie a low one. 按照保守的估计, 那里一定有一千人. * She is conservative in the way she dresses. 她在衣着上很保守.

n  1 conservative person 思想保守者; 因循守旧者.  2 (usu 通常作 Conservative) member of the British Conservative Party 英国保守党党员.adv./kənˈsɜːvətwɑː(r); kənˌsɝvə`twɑr/ (alsoconservatory) n school of music, drama, etc, esp in Europe （音乐、戏剧等）专科学校（尤指欧洲大陆的）./kənˈsɜːvətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; kən`sɝvəˌtɔrɪ/ n  1 room with glass walls and roof used to protect plants from cold, built against an outside wall of a house, and with a door into the house 温室. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.  2 = conservatoire./kənˈsɜːv; kən`sɝv/ v [Tn] prevent (sth) from being changed, lost or destroyed 使（某事物）不变质、不受损失或不被损坏; 保护; 保藏; 保存: conserve one's strength, health, resources, etc 保住体力、健康、资源等 * new laws to conserve wildlife in the area 保护该地区野生动物的新法令. Cf 参看 preserve.

/ˈkɒnsɜːv; `kɑnsɝv/ n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] jam, typically with quite large pieces of fruit in it 果酱（尤为带成块水果的）; 蜜饯; 果脯. Cf 参看 preserve n./kənˈsɪdə(r); kən`sɪdɚ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg] ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) think about sb/sth, esp in order to make a decision; contemplate sb/sth 考虑某人[某事物]（尤指以做决定为目的者）; 细想: We have considered your application carefully, but cannot offer you the job. 我们已经仔细地考虑了你的申请, 认为不能聘请你做这份工作. * consider sb for a job/as a candidate 考虑让某人做某工作[作候选人] * Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到达那里? * We are considering going to Canada, ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去.  2 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth as sth be of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 认为; 视某人[某事物]为: We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你认为应该干预吗? * He will be considered a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人. * a painting previously considered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前认为毫无价值的画, 现在却变成了珍品 * He's generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 现在公认他是该国最佳的男高音歌手. * (fml 文) He's very well considered (ie people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的评价. * Consider yourself (ie You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕.  3 [Tn] take (sth) into account; make allowances for 考虑到（某事物）; 体谅: We must consider the feelings of other people. 我们必须顾及他人的感情. * In judging him you should consider his youth. 在对他进行评审时, 你应该考虑到他还年轻.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) look at (sb/sth) carefully 细看（某人[某事物]）: He stood considering the painting for some minutes. 他站在那幅画前凝视了几分钟.  5 (idm 习语) all/kənˈsɪdərəbl; kən`sɪdərəbl/ adj great in amount or size 相当多的; 相当大的: a considerable quantity, sum, distance, etc 相当大的数量、数目、距离等 * bought at considerable expense 花很多钱买到的./-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv much; a great deal 非常; 很; 相当地: It's considerably colder this morning. 今早冷得多./kənˈsɪdərət; kən`sɪdərɪt/ adj ~ (towardssb); ~ (of sb) (to do sth) careful not to hurt or inconvenience others; thoughtful 为他人着想的; 考虑周到的: a considerate person, act, attitude 体贴别人的人、行为、态度等 * considerate towards her employees 能体谅她那些雇员 * It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴, 真是体贴入微. adv. n [U]./kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn; kənˌsɪdə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] action of considering (consider 1) or thinking about sth 考虑: Please give the matter your careful consideration. 此事请你仔细考虑. * The proposals are still under consideration, ie being considered. 那些提议仍在审议中.  2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) quality of being sensitive or thoughtful towards others, their feelings, etc （对他人、他人的情绪等的）顾及, 体贴: He has never shown much consideration for his wife's needs. 他从来不大考虑妻子的需要. * Out of consideration for the bereaved family's feelings the papers did not print the story. 由于考虑到那个家庭失去亲人的痛苦, 报纸没有刊登那件事.  3 [C] thing that must be thought about or taken into account; reason 要考虑的事; 考虑到的事; 原因; 因素: Time is an important consideration in this case. 在这种情况下, 时间是一个要考虑的重要因素. * Several considerations have influenced my decision. 有好几个因素影响了我的决定.  4 [C] (fml 文) reward; payment 报酬; 酬金: I will do it for you for a small consideration (of 50). 我愿替你做这件事, 只消给我一点小小的报酬（50英镑）.  5 (idm 习语) in consideration of sth (fml 文) in return for sth; on account of sth 作为对...的回报; 考虑到: a small payment in consideration of sb's services 答谢某人服务的微薄酬金. leave sth out of account/consideration => leave1. take sth into consideration take account of sth; make allowances for sth 考虑某事物; 体谅某事物: I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car. 我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内./kənˈsɪdərɪŋ; kən`sɪdərɪŋ/ prep, conj in view of (the fact that); taking into consideration 考虑到; 就...而言: She's very active, considering her age. 就她的年龄来说, 她是够活跃的. * Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 考虑到他只是刚刚开始, 他对此的了解已经不少了. * You've done verywell, considering, eg in view of the adverse circumstances.考虑到不利的条件因素, 你已经做得够好的了./kənˈsaɪn; kən`saɪn/ v  1 [Tn.pr] (fml 文) (a) ~ sb/sth to sb/sth hand over sb/sth to sb/sth; give sb/sth up to sb/sth 把某人[某事物]移交给某人[某事物]; 交付: consign a child to/into its uncle's care 把小孩交给他叔叔照料 * consign one's soul to God 把灵魂托付给上帝 * (fig 比喻) The body was consigned to the flames, ie burned. 尸体被送去焚化（火葬）. (b) ~ sth to sth put (sth unwanted) away 把（不要之物）移走: an old chair that had been consigned to the attic 搬到了阁楼上的旧椅子.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (goods, etc) for delivery (esp to a buyer) 发运, 托运（货物等）给对方（尤指买主）: The goods have been consigned (to you) by rail. 货物已交由铁路发运（给贵方）./ˌkɒnsaɪˈniː; ˌkɑnsaɪ`ni/ n person to whom sth is consigned (consign 2) 收货人; 收件人./-nə(r); -nɚ/ ns person who consigns goods 发货人; 寄件人; 托运人.n  1 [U] consigning 移交; 交付; 移走; 发运; 托运.  2 [C] goods consigned 所运送之物: a consignment of wheat bound for Europe 发往欧洲的小麦.  3 (idm 习语) on consignment with payment to be made after the goods have been sold by the receiver 以寄售方式（货物售出後始行付款）: take/send/ship/supply goods on consignment 以寄售方式接受[送交/装运]货物.note sent with a consignment of goods, giving details of the goods 发货单; 货运清单.=> consigner/kənˈsɪst; kən`sɪst/ v (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (phr v) consist of sth (a) be composed or made up of sth 由某事物组成或构成: The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成. * a mixture consisting of flour and water 面粉和水的混合物. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise. (b) consist in sth (fml 文) have sth as its chief or only element or feature 以某事物为其主要的或唯一的因素或特点; 存在于某事物之中: The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行./kənˈsɪstəns; kən`sɪstəns/ n [U] = consistency 1./kənˈsɪstənsɪ; kən`sɪstənsɪ/ n  1 (also consistence) [U] (approv 褒) quality of being consistent(1) 一贯性; 一致性: His views lack consistency: one day he's a conservative, the next he's a liberal. 他的观点缺乏一贯性: 时而保守, 时而开明.  2 [C, U] degree of thickness, firmness or solidity, esp of thick liquids, or of sth made by mixing with a liquid 强度; 硬度; （尤指）浓度: Mix flour and liquid to the right consistency. 把面粉和液体混合到适当的浓度. * mixtures of various consistencies 各种不同浓度的混合物 * It should have the consistency of thick soup. 这应该有浓汤那样的浓度./kənˈsɪstənt; kən`sɪstənt/ adj  1 (approv 褒) (of a person, his behaviour, his views, etc) always keeping to the same pattern or style; unchanging （指人、人的行为、观点等）一贯的, 前後一致的: You're not very consistent: first you condemn me, then you praise me. 你前後矛盾, 开头责备我, 接着又夸奖我.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) in agreement 一致; 相符: What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符. * The pattern of injuries is consistent with (ie could have been caused by) an attack with a knife. 这些伤口与刀伤的情形正相符合（可能因刀伤所致）. * I left as early as was consistent with politeness. 我在不失礼的情况下, 提前离去了. adv.adj able to be consoled 可安慰的; 可告慰的./ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn; ˌkɑnsə`leʃən/ n  1 [U] consoling or being consoled 安慰; 慰问; 慰藉: a few words of consolation 几句安慰的话 * Money is no consolation when you don't like your work, ie does not make up for not liking it. 要是不喜欢所做的工作, 给的钱多也没用.  2 [C] person or thing that consoles 带来安慰的人或事物: Your company has been a great consolation to me. 有你为伴我感到极大的安慰. * At least you weren't hurt  that's one consolation, ie one good aspect of an otherwise bad situation. 至少你没有受到伤害--这是不幸中的幸事.prize given to sb who has just missed winning or has come last 安慰奖（授予未能获胜或名列末位者以资鼓励的奖赏）: (fig 比喻) She missed out on the top job, but as a consolation prize was made deputy chairman. 她失去了就任最高职位的机会, 但还算是中了安慰奖, 她被任命为副董事长./kənˈsɒlətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; kən`sɑləˌtɔrɪ/ adj tending or intended to console; comforting 安慰的; 慰问的: a consolatory letter, remark, etc 慰问信、安慰话等./kənˈsəʊl; kən`sol/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for/on sth) give comfort or sympathy to (sb who is unhappy, disappointed, etc) 安慰, 慰问（某人）: Nothing could console him when his pet dog died. 他的爱犬死後, 什么事情也不能使他宽慰. * console sb for/on a loss 安慰受到损失的人 * He consoled himself with the thought that it might have been worse. 他聊以自慰的是幸亏事情没有更糟.

/ˈkɒnsəʊl; `kɑnsol/ n  1 panel for the controls of electronic or mechanical equipment （电子或机械装置的）控制板, 操纵板, 仪表盘, 操纵台.  2 radio or TV cabinet designed to stand on the floor （落地式的收音机或电视机的）机壳.  3 frame containing the keyboard and other controls of an organ 风琴的操作台（包括键盘及其他操作件）.  4 bracket to support a shelf （搁板的） 支架./kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt; kən`sɑləˌdet/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become more solid, secure, or strong 使某事物巩固; 加固; 加强: The time has come for the firm to consolidate after several years of rapid expansion. 公司经过几年的迅速发展之後, 该整顿一下了. * With his new play he has consolidated his position as the country's leading dramatist. 他有了新创作的剧本, 巩固了他在国内的杰出剧作家的地位.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (commerce 商) (cause things to) unite or combine (into one) （使事物）联合或合并: All the debts have been consolidated. 所有债务均已合并. * The two companies consolidated for greater efficiency. 这两家公司已合并以提高效率.consols （英国政府发行的）统一公债./kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn; kənˌsɑlə`deʃən/ n [U] consolidating or being consolidated 巩固; 联合: the consolidation of the party's position at the top of the opinion polls 在民意测验中该党名列第一的地位得以巩固./ˈkɒnsɒlz; `kɑnsɑlz/ n [pl] type of British government stock(5b) that pays a low rate of interest （英国政府发行的低利息的）统一公债./kənˈsɒmeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkɒnsəˈmeɪ; ˌkɑnsə`me/ n [U] clear meat soup 清炖肉汤./ˈkɒnsənəns; `kɑnsənəns/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 harmony 协调.  2 (fig 比喻) ~ (with sth) agreement 一致: actions which were not in consonance with his words 与他的言论不一致的行为./ˈkɒnsənənt; `kɑnsənənt/ n (phonetics 语音) (a) speech sound produced by completely or partially obstructing the air being breathed out through the mouth 辅音. (b) letter of the alphabet or phonetic symbol for such a sound: b, c, d, f, etc 辅音字母, （音标中的）辅音符号（如b,c,d,f等）. Cf 参看 vowel.

/ˈkɒnsənənt; `kɑnsənənt/ adj ~ with sth (fml 文) in agreement; suitable; `consistent(2) 一致的; 适合的; 符合的: behaving with a dignity consonant with his rank 举止带有与其他位相称的尊贵气派./ˈkɒnsɔːt; `kɑnsɔrt/ n husband or wife, esp of a ruler 配偶（尤指君主的夫或妻）: the prince consort, ie the reigning queen's husband 王夫（在位女王的丈夫）.

/kənˈsɔːt; kən`sɔrt/ v (fml 文)  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ with sb/together (esp derog 尤作贬义) spend time with sb/together; associate with sb 与某人交往; 结交: He'd been consorting with known criminals. 他一直与那些臭名昭着的罪犯有交往.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth go well with sth; be in harmony with sth 与某事物相符; 与某事物协调: dubious practices which consort ill with (ie contradict) his public statements on morality 与其满口仁义道德大相径庭而令人生疑的行为./kənˈsɔːtɪəm; <i>US</i> -ˈsɔːrʃɪəm; kən`sɔrʃɪəm/ n (pl -tia/ -tIE; ?@ -FIE; -FIE/) temporary association of a number of countries, companies, banks, etc for a common purpose （若干国家、公司、银行等为一共同目的而临时组合的）协会, 协营, 联营, 集团: A consortium of construction companies will build the power-station. 由建筑公司组成的集团将建造该发电站./kənˈspektəs; kən`spɛktəs/ n (pl ~es) (fml 文) general view or survey of a subject, etc （某科目等的）概览, 概要, 大纲./kənˈspɪkjʊəs; kən`spɪkjᴜəs/ adj  1 ~ (for sth) easily seen; noticeable; remarkable 显而易见的; 明显的; 惹人注目的: If you're walking along a badly-lit road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 晚上在照明很差的路上行走, 应该穿显眼的衣物. * (ironic 反语) She wasn't exactly conspicuous for her helpfulness, ie wasn't helpful. 她并不那么乐于助人. * make oneself conspicuous, ie attract attention by unusual behaviour, wearing unusual clothes, etc 出风头（藉与众不同的举动、衣着等以惹人注目）.  2 (idm 习语) con,spicuous by one's `absence noticeably absent when one ought to be present （本该到场）因未到场而引人注意: When it came to cleaning up afterwards, the boys were conspicuous by their absence. 後来轮到做卫生时, 这些男孩却不在场, 引起了大家的注意. adv: conspicuously absent 因缺席而引人注意. n [U]./kənˈspɪrəsɪ; kən`spɪrəsɪ/ n ~ (to sth/to do sth) 1 [U] act of conspiring, esp joint planning of a crime 阴谋活动（尤指共谋犯罪）: accused of conspiracy to murder 被控参与谋杀罪.  2 [C] plan made by conspiring 阴谋; 共谋: a conspiracy to overthrow the Government 颠覆政府的阴谋 * a conspiracy of silence, ie an agreement not to talk publicly about sth which should not remain secret 保持缄默的密约（对本不该保密的事不公开谈论的约定）. Cf 参看 plot2 2./kənˈspɪrətə(r); kən`spɪrətɚ/ n person who conspires 搞阴谋的人; 阴谋家./kənˌspɪrəˈtɔːrɪəl; kənˌspɪrə`tɔrɪəl/ adj of or like conspirators or conspiracy （似）阴谋家的; 阴谋的; （似）搞阴谋的: She handed the note to me with a conspiratorial air. 她鬼鬼祟祟地把字条交给了我./kənˈspaɪə(r); kən`spaɪr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ (with sb) (against sb); ~ (together) (against sb) make secret plans (with others), esp to do wrong （与他人）密谋（尤指干坏事）: conspire with others against one's leader 与他人共谋反对上司 * They conspired to overthrow the Government. 他们共同密谋颠覆政府.  2 [Ipr, It] ~ against sb/sth (of events) seem to act together; combine disadvantageously for sb/sth （指事情）似乎同时发生对某人[某事物]不利: circumstances conspiring against our success 阻碍我们成功的各种情况凑在一起 * events that conspired to bring about his downfall 导致他垮台的种种事件同时发生./ˈkʌnstəbl; <i>US</i> ˈkɒn-; `kɑnstəbl/ n = police constable (police): [attrib 作定语] Constable Johnson 约翰逊警察./kənˈstæbjʊlərɪ; <i>US</i> -lerɪ; kən`stæb-jəˌlɛrɪ/ n [Gp] police force of a particular area, town, etc （某地区、城镇等的）警察部队: the Royal Ulster Constabulary 皇家北爱尔兰警察队./ˈkɒnstənsɪ; `kɑnstənsɪ/ n [U] (approv 褒)  1 quality of being firm and unchanging 坚定性; 持久性: constancy of purpose 目标的坚定性.  2 faithfulness 忠诚: a husband's constancy 丈夫的忠贞不渝./ˈkɒnstənt; `kɑnstənt/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] going on all the time; happening again and again 经常的; 不断发生的: constant chattering, complaints, interruptions 没完没了的饶舌、抱怨、打搅 * This entrance is in constant use; do not block it. 这个入口经常使用, 不要挡住.  2 unchanging; fixed 不变的; 恒定的; 稳定的: a constant speed, value, etc 恒定速度、恒值等 * Pressure in the container remains constant. 容器中的压力保持恒定不变.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (approv 褒) firm; faithful 坚定的; 忠实的: a constant friend, companion, supporter, etc 忠实的朋友、伴侣、支持者等.

n (mathematics or physics 数或物) number or quantity that does not vary 常数; 常量; 恒量. Cf 参看 variable n.adv continuously; frequently 不断地; 经常地: He's constantly disturbing me. 他老是打扰我. * She worries constantly. 她经常苦恼./ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃn; ˌkɑnstə`leʃən/ n  1 named group of stars (eg the Great Bear) 星座（经命名的星群, 如大熊星座）.  2 (fig 比喻) group of associated or similar people or things 相关的或相似的人群或事物: a constellation of Hollywood talent 好莱坞的一群才俊./ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃn; ˌkɑnstɚ`neʃən/ n [U] surprise and anxiety; great dismay 惊恐; 惊愕; 惊慌: filled with consternation 惊恐万状 * To her consternation, he asked her to make a speech. 她感到惊慌的是他要求她发言./ˈkɒnstɪpeɪtɪd; `kɑnstəˌpetɪd/ adj unable to empty the bowels 便秘的: If you're constipated you should eat more roughage. 假若便秘就应该多吃粗糙食物./ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃn; ˌkɑnstə`peʃən/ n [U] state of being constipated 便秘./kənˈstɪtjʊənsɪ; kən`stɪtʃᴜənsɪ/ n [CGp] (a) (body of voters living in a) district having its own elected representative in parliament 选区; 选区的选民. (b) group of people with the same interests that one can turn to for support （一批有共同利益的）支持者, 拥护者, 追随者: Mr Jones has a natural constituency among steel workers. 琼斯先生在钢铁工人中自有一批人拥护./kənˈstɪtjʊənt; kən`stɪtʃᴜənt/ adj [attrib 作定语] forming or helping to make a whole 组成的; 构成的: Analyse the sentence into its constituent parts. 把这句子的各个成分加以分析.

n  1 member of a constituency 选区的选民.  2 component part 成分: the constituents of the mixture 混合物的成分.one which has the power to make or alter a political constitution 立宪议会（负责制定或修改宪法的权力机构）./ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt; `kɑnstəˌtut/ v  1 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (fml 文) make up or form (a whole); be the components of 组成, 构成（某整体）; 为...之成分: Twelve months constitute a year. 十二个月为一年. * The committee is constituted of members of all three parties. 委员会由所有三个政党的成员组成. * (fig 比喻) He is so constituted (ie His nature is such) that he can accept criticism without resentment. 他豁达大度, 能接受批评而不怀恨在心. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise.  2 [Ln] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) be 是: My decision does not constitute (ie should not be regarded as) a precedent. 我的决定下不为例. * The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy. 这次失败是我们外交上的重大挫折.  3 [Tn] give formal authority to (a group of people); establish 正式授权给（某团体）; 建立: The committee had been improperly constituted, and therefore had no legal power. 该委员会的建立不合规定, 因而没有合法的权力.  4 [Cn.n] (fml 文) give (sb) formal authority to hold (a position, etc); appoint 任命（某人）担任（某职位等）; 委派: He seemed to have constituted himself our representative. 他俨然自封为我们的代表./ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃn; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːʃn; ˌkɑnstə`tuʃən/ n  1 [C] (system of) laws and principles according to which a state is governed 宪法（的体制）: Britain has an unwritten constitution, and the United States has a written constitution. 英国有不成文的宪法, 美国有成文的宪法.  2 (a) [U] (fml 文) action or manner of constituting (constitute 1, 3, 4) 组织、建立、任命、授权的举动或方式: the constitution of an advisory group 谘询小组的组成. (b) [C] (fml 文) general structure of a thing 事物的一般结构: the constitution of the solar spectrum 太阳光谱的构成.  3 [C] condition of a person's body with regard to health, strength, etc 人的健康、体力等状况; 体质; 体格: a robust/weak constitution 强壮的[虚弱的]体质 * Only people with a strong constitution should go climbing. 只有身体强健的人才可以去登山./ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənl; <i>US</i> -ˈtuː-; ˌkɑnstə`tu-ʃənl/ adj  1 of a constitution(1) 宪法的; 符合宪法的; 立宪的: constitutional government, reform, etc 立宪政体、宪法的修改 * a constitutional ruler, ie one controlled or limited by a constitution 立宪君主（受宪法控制或限制的君主） * They claimed that the new law was not constitutional, ie not allowed by the constitution. 他们声称这项新法律不符合宪法.  2 of a person's constitution(3) 体质的; 体格的: constitutional weakness, robustness, etc 体质的虚弱、强健等.

n (dated or joc 旧或谑) short walk taken to improve or maintain one's health 保健散步: go for/take a constitutional 作[进行]健身散步./-ʃənəlɪzəm; -ʃənlɪzəm/ n [U] (belief in) constitutional government or constitutional principles 立宪、政体; 立宪主义; 拥护宪政; 拥护立宪主义./-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adj./ˈkɒnstɪtjuːtɪv, kənˈstɪtjʊtɪv; <i>US</i> also -ˈstɪtʃʊ-;`kɑnstəˌtjutɪv, -stɪtʃᴜ-/ adj (fml 文) having the power to take action, make appointments, etc 有权采取行动、任命等的: a constitutive committee 有采取行动及任命权的委员会./kənˈstreɪn; kən`stren/ v [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force 力劝, 强迫（某人）做某事: As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained (ie restricted) by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家, 不必像一般人那样要受社会行为准则的束缚. * I feel constrained to write (ie I feel I must write) and complain in the strongest possible terms. 我深感责无旁贷, 必须笔诛墨伐.adj (of voice, manner, etc) forced; uneasy; unnatural （指声音、态度等）勉强的, 受拘束的, 不自然的. /-ɪdlɪ; -ɪdlɪ/ adv./kənˈstreɪnt; kən`strent/ n  1 [U] con-straining or being constrained 约束; 强制: act under constraint, ie because one is forced to do so 受逼迫而行动.  2 [C] ~ (on sth) thing that limits or restricts 限制性或约束性的事物: There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay, ie You can choose whatever subject you like. 文章内容不拘, 你可任选.  3 [U] (fml 文) strained manner; unwillingness to be friendly; uneasiness 不自然的态度; 假情假意; 拘束感: I was aware of a certain constraint on their part when they were in my presence. 我觉察到我在时他们有些拘束./kənˈstrɪkt; kən`strɪkt/ v [Tn] make (sth) tight, smaller or narrower 使（某事物）缩紧, 缩小或缩窄: a tight collar that constricts the neck 紧卡脖子的衣领 * administering a drug that constricts the blood vessels 施用收缩血管的药 * (fig 比喻) Our way of life is rather constricted (ie We cannot do so many things) now that our income is so reduced. 由于我们的收入减少了这么多, 我们的生活方式受到一定限制./kənˈstrɪkʃn; kən`strɪkʃən/ n  1 [U] constricting 紧缩; 收缩.  2 [C] (a) feeling of tightness 紧缩或压迫的感觉: a constriction in the chest 胸部的压迫感. (b) thing that constricts 紧缩的事物: the constrictions of life on a low income 低收入的节衣缩食./kənˈstrʌkt; kən`strʌkt/ v [Tn]  1 build (sth); put or fit together; form 建筑, 建造（某物）; 构成; 形成: construct a factory, an aircraft, a model, a sentence, a theory 建工厂; 造飞机; 制作模型; 造句; 建立理论 * a hut constructed (out) of branches 用树枝搭成的棚屋 * a well-constructed novel 结构完善的小说.  2 (geometry 几) draw (a line, figure, etc) in accordance with certain rules （按照某种规则）画（线）, 作（图）./kənˈstrʌkʃn; kən`strʌkʃən/ n  1 [U] action or manner of constructing; being constructed 建筑, 建造的活动或方式; 施工; 建设: the construction of new roads 新道路的施工 * The new railway is still under construction, ie being constructed. 新铁路尚在敷设中. * The wall is of very solid construction, ie is solidly constructed. 这堵墙构筑得非常坚固. * [attrib 作定语] the construction industry, ie the building of roads, bridges, buildings, etc 建筑业.  2 [C] thing constructed; structure; building 建造物; 构造物; 建筑物: a complex construction of wood and glass 木和玻璃综合结构的建筑物 * The shelter is a brick construction. 掩护所是用砖构筑的.  3 [C] way in which words are put together to form a phrase, clause or sentence 造句法: This dictionary gives the meanings of words and also illustrates the constructions they can be used in. 本词典提供词义解释, 并举例说明遣词造句的方法.  4 [C] (fml 文) sense in which words, statements, etc are to be understood; meaning （对词语、言辞等所作的）解释, 意义, 意思: What construction do you put on his actions? ie How do you understand their purpose? 你对他的行为作何解释? * The sentence does not bear such a construction, ie cannot be understood in that way. 这句话并不含有那样的意思. Cf 参看 construe 1./kənˈstrʌktɪv; kən`strʌktɪv/ adj having a useful purpose, helpful 建设性的; 有助益的: constructive criticism, proposals, remarks, etc 建设性的批评、提议、评论等. adv.n person who constructs things 建筑者; 建造者: oil-rig constructors 采油设备承造商./kənˈstruː; kən`stru/ v  1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) (fml 文) explain the meaning of (words, sentences, actions, etc); interpret sth 解释（词语、句子、行为等）的意义; 理解: How do you construe what he did? 你对他之所为作何解释? * Her remarks were wrongly construed, ie were misunderstood. 她的话被误解了. * I construed his statement as a refusal. 据我看他的说法就是拒绝. Cf 参看 construction 4.  2 (a) [Tn] (grammar) analyse the syntax of (a sentence) 对（句子） 作句法分析. (b) [I, Tn] (dated 旧) translate (a piece of text, esp from Latin or Greek) 翻译（文章的片断, 尤指原文为拉丁文或希腊文）./ˈkɒnsl; `kɑnsl/ n  1 official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city in order to help people from his own country who are travelling or living there, and protect their interests 领事: the British Consul in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事. Cf 参看 High Commissioner (high1).  2 either of the two magistrates who ruled in ancient Rome before it became an Empire （古罗马成为帝国之前的）两执政官之一.  3 any one of the three chief magistrates of the French Republic (1799-1804) （1799-1804年法兰西共和国的）三个主要执政官之一./ˈkɒnsjʊlə(r); <i>US</i> -səl-; `kɑnslɚ/ adj of a consul 领事的; 执政官的./ˈkɒnsjʊlət; <i>US</i> -səl-; `kɑnslɪt/ n  1 offices of a consul(1) 领事馆: the British consulate in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事馆. Cf 参看 embassy 1, High Commission (high1).  2 the Consulate period of consular government in France 法国的执政府统治时期./-ʃɪp; -ˌʃɪp/ n  1 position of a consul 领事或执政官的职位: appointed to the consulship 被任命为领事或执政官.  2 period of time during which a consul holds his position 领事或执政官的任期./kənˈsʌlt; kən`sʌlt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (about sth) go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc （为获取资料、得到指点等）请教（别人）, 查阅（书）等: consult one's lawyer, a map, a dictionary 请教律师、查看地图、查阅词典 * a consulting engineer, ie one who has specialized knowledge and gives advice 顾问工程师 * I consulted a doctor about my pains. 我找过医生诊治病痛.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sb discuss matters with sb; confer with sb 与某人商量（事情）; 与某人磋商: consult with one's partners 与合伙人商量./kənˈsʌltənt; kən`sʌltənt/ n  1 ~ (on sth) person who gives expert advice (in business, law, etc) （商业、法律等方面的）顾问: a firm of management consultants 管理谘询公司 * the president's consultant on economic affairs 总统的经济事务顾问.  2 ~ (in sth) (in Britain) hospital doctor of senior rank （英国）顾问医师, 会诊医师: a consultant in obstetrics 产科顾问医师 * [attrib 作定语] a consultant surgeon 外科顾问医师. Cf 参看 registrar 2./ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn; ˌkɑnsl`teʃən/ n  1 [U] consulting or being consulted 请教; 谘询; 磋商: acting in consultation with the director, ie with his advice and agreement 在徵询过主任的意见并得其同意後行事 * consultation of a dictionary 查词典.  2 [C] (a) meeting for discussion 讨论会: top-level consultations between the US and Russian delegations 美俄代表团之间最高级别的磋商. (b) meeting to discuss, or seek advice about, a sick person 会诊./kənˈsʌltətɪv; kən`sʌltətɪv/ adj of or for consulting; advisory 谘询的; 供谘询的; 顾问的: a consultative committee, document, etc 谘询委员会、文件等.room where a doctor talks to and examines patients 诊察室./kənˈsjuːm; <i>US</i> -ˈsuːm; kən`sum/ v [Tn]  1 (a) use (sth) up 用尽, 消耗, 花费（某事物）: consume resources, time, stores, etc 耗尽资源、时间、存物等 * The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油. * (rhet 修辞) He soon consumed his fortune, ie spent the money wastefully. 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽. (b) destroy (sb/sth) by fire, decay, etc （因火烧、衰败等）毁掉（某人[某物]）: The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. 火焰很快地吞噬了那所小木屋. * (fig 比喻) be consumed (ie filled) with envy, hatred, greed, etc 心中充满了忌妒、仇恨、贪欲等.  2 (fml 文) eat or drink (sth) 吃或喝（某物）./kənˈsjuːmə(r); <i>US</i> -suː-; kən`sumɚ/ n person who buys goods or uses services 消费者; 顾客; 用户: Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods. 要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉. * electricity consumers 电力的用户 * [attrib 作定语] consumer rights, protection, etc 消费者的权利、保障等. Cf 参看 producer.= durables (durable).goods bought and used by individual customers, eg food, clothing, domestic appliances 消费品. Cf 参看 capital goods (capital2)./-ɪzəm; -ɪzəm/ n [U] (campaigning for the) protection of consumers' interests 消费者利益的保护（运动）.adj [attrib 作定语] that obsesses or dominates sb 使人着迷的; 支配某人的: Building model trains is his consuming passion. 制作模型火车是他废寝忘食的爱好./kənˈsʌmət; kən`sʌmɪt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) highly skilled; perfect 技艺高超的; 尽善尽美的: a consummate artist, performance, piece of work 高超的艺术家、演出、作品 * She dealt with the problem with consummate skill. 她以巧妙的手腕处理了这个问题. * (derog 贬) a consummate liar 瞎话大王.

/ˈkɒnsəmeɪt; `kɑnsəˌmet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (sth) complete or perfect 使（某事物）完整或圆满: This award consummates my life's work. 这个奖是我一生努力的圆满结果.  2 make (a marriage) legally complete by having sexual intercourse 完（婚）（行房）./ˌkɒnsəˈmeɪʃn; ˌkɑnsə`meʃən/ n [C, U] action or point of completing, making perfect, or fulfilling 完成; 臻于圆满; 实现: the consummation of one's life's work, one's ambitions, a marriage 毕生努力的圆满成功、夙愿的得偿、完婚./kənˈsʌmpʃn; kən`sʌmpʃən/ n [U]  1 (a) using up of food, energy, resources, etc （食物、能量、资源等的）消耗: The meat was declared unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用. * conspicuous consumption which is an affront to people on low incomes 使低收入者感到自惭形秽的那种铺张. (b) quantity used 消耗量: We have measured the car's fuel consumption. 我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量.  2 (dated 旧) tuberculosis of the lungs 肺痨; 肺结核./kənˈsʌmptɪv; kən`sʌmptɪv/ adj (dated 旧) suffering or tending to suffer from consumption(2) （可能）患肺痨的.

n consumptive person 肺痨患者.abbr 缩写 =  1 contents.  2 (also contd) continued: cont on p 74  下接第74页./ˈkɒntækt; `kɑntækt/ n  1 [U] ~ (with sb/sth) (a) state of touching (used esp with the vs shown) 接触（尤与下列示例中动词连用）: The two substances are now in contact (with each other), and a chemical reaction is occurring. 现在这两种物质（互相）接触产生了化学反应. * His hand came into contact with (ie touched) a hot surface. 他的手触到热物体的表面. * The label sticks on contact, ie when it touches a surface. 这标签一接触即可贴上. * (fig 比喻) The troops came into contact with (ie met) the enemy. 部队已与敌人交锋（遭遇）. * (fig 比喻) Pupils must be brought into contact with (ie exposed to) new ideas. 应该引导学生接触新思想. (b) communication 通讯; 联系; 交往: in constant radio/telephone contact (with sb) （与某人）经常保持无线电[电话]联系 * Beyond a certain distance we are out of contact with our headquarters. 我们跟总部超过一定距离通讯就会中断. * She's lost contact with her son, ie no longer hears from him, knows where he is, etc. 她跟儿子失去了联系. * two people avoiding eye contact, ie avoiding looking directly at each other 避免目光接触的两人.  2 [C] instance of meeting or communicating 接触; 会晤; 通讯; 联系; 交往: extensive contacts with firms abroad 与国外公司的广泛的联系.  3 [C] person one has met or will meet, esp one who can be helpful 已接触或将接触的人（尤指于己有利的人）: I have a useful contact in New York. 我在纽约有个有用的人可以联系.  4 [C] (a) electrical connection 电流的接触; 电的接通: A poor contact causes power to fail occasionally. 接触不良有时会造成断电. (b) device that makes an electrical connection 接触器; 电气接头; 触头: The switches close the contacts and complete the circuit. 这些开关可使接触器接通电流形成回路.  5 [C] (medical 医) person who may be infectious because he has recently been near to sb who has a contagious disease （因接触传染病人）可能受到传染者.  6 (idm 习语) make contact (with sb/sth) succeed in speaking to or meeting sb/sth 与某人[某事物]交谈、会晤或取得联系: They made contact with headquarters by radio. 他们用无线电跟总部联络上 了. * I finally made contact with her in Paris. 我终于在巴黎同她取得了联系. make/break `contact complete/interrupt an electric circuit 接通[切断]电流.

/kənˈtækt, ˈkɒntækt; `kɑntækt/ v [Tn] reach (sb/sth) by telephone, radio, letter, etc; communicate with （用电话、无线电、书信等与某人[某事物]）联系; 与...来往: Where can I contact you tomorrow? 明天我在哪里能跟你联系?/ˌkɒntækt ˈlenz; `kɑntækt ˌlɛnz/ lens made of thin plastic placed on the surface of the eye to improve vision 接触眼镜; 隐形眼镜片.photographic print made by placing a negative directly onto the printing paper and exposing it to light 接触印相照片（将底片直接置于印相纸上进行曝光而成）./kənˈteɪdʒən; kən`tedʒən/ n  1 [U] spreadingof disease by being close to or touching other people （接）触（传）染.  2 [C] disease that can be spread by contact接触传染病: Fear spread through the crowd like a contagion, ie quickly and harmfully. 人们心中的恐惧就像瘟疫似的蔓延开来. Cf 参看 infection./kənˈteɪdʒəs; kən`tedʒəs/ adj  1 (a) (of a disease) spreading by contact （指疾病）（接）触（传）染的: Scarlet fever is highly contagious. 猩红热传染性很强. (b) (of a person) having a disease that can be spread to others by contact （指人）患传染病的, 带触染原的.  2 (fig 比喻) spreading easily from one person to another 容易感染他人的; 感染性的: contagious laughter, enthusiasm, etc 容易感染别人的笑声、热情等 * Yawning is contagious. 打呵欠是有感染性的. adv. Cf 参看 infectious./kənˈteɪn; kən`ten/ v [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态)  1 (a) have or hold (sth) within itself 包含; 含有: The atlas contains forty maps. 这地图集共有四十幅地图. * Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌所含酒精的百分比很高. * What does that box contain? 那个盒子里装的是什么? * Her statement contained several inaccuracies. 她的言词有几处不确切. (b) be capable of holding (sth) 可容纳（某事物）: This barrel contains 50 litres. 这个桶容量为50升.  2 (a) keep (sth/oneself) under control; keep within limits; hold back 控制（某事物[自己]）; 抑制; 克制: I was so furious I couldn't contain myself, ie had to express my feelings. 我气极了, 无法克制自己. * Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment. 请你暂且控制住感情. * She could hardly contain her excitement. 她抑制不住内心的激动. (b) prevent (sth) from spreading harmfully or becoming more serious 阻止（某事物）的蔓延或恶化: Has the revolt been contained? 叛乱是否已受到遏止?  3 (geometry 几) form the boundary of (sth) 作（某事物）的边: the angle contained by two sides of a triangle 三角形两边的夹角.  4 (mathematics 数) be capable of being divided by (a number) exactly 可被（某数）除尽; （某数）可整除: 12 contains 2, 3, 4 and 6  12可被2、3、4、6除尽./kənˈteɪnə(r); kən`tenɚ/ n  1 box, bottle, etc in which sth is kept, transported, etc 容器（如箱、瓶等）: The radioactive material is stored in a special radiation-proof container. 放射性材料贮存在防辐射的特殊容器内.  2 large metal box of standard size for transporting goods by road, rail, sea or air 货柜; 集装箱: [attrib 作定语] a `container train/ship/lorry, ie one designed to transport such containers 载货柜的列车[货船/卡车] * `container traffic, depots, etc 货柜运输、货运站等.=> containerization=> containerize/kənˌteɪnəraɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -rɪˈz-; kənˌtenərə`zeʃən/ n [U]./kənˈteɪnəraɪz; kən`tenəˌraɪz/v [Tn]  1 pack (goods) into a container(1, 2) 将（货物）装入容器或货柜（集装箱）.  2 convert (a dock, ship,etc) so that it can use containers (container 2) 使（码头、船舶等）货柜化（集装箱化）. n [U] keeping sth within limits, so that it cannot spread harmfully 阻止; 遏制: Until we'd built up sufficient forces to drive the invaders back, we pursued a policy of containment. 我们对入侵之敌采取牵制的方针, 以备组织好兵力将之击退./kənˈtæmɪnənt; kən`tæmənənt/ n (fml 文) substance that contaminates things 污染物; 污染物质./kənˈtæmɪneɪt; kən`tæməˌnet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) make sth/sb impure by adding dangerous or disease-carrying substances 使某事物[某人]受污染: contaminated clothing, eg by radio-active material 受污染的衣物（如受放射性物质污染） * a river contaminated by chemicals 受到化学物质污染的河流 * Flies contaminate food. 苍蝇可污染食物. * (fig 比喻) They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversive ideas. 他们这些颠覆作乱的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染./kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn; kənˌtæmə`neʃən/ n [U] contaminating or being contaminated 污染: contamination of the water supply 给水系统的污染.abbr 缩写 = cont 2./ˈkɒntempleɪt; `kɑntəmˌplet/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tw] look at or consider (sth) thoughtfully 凝视, 打量, 思忖, 沉思（某事物）: She stood contemplating the painting. 她站着审视那幅图画. * He contemplated what the future would be like without the children. 他思忖着要是没有这些孩子, 将来又如何. (b) [I, Tn, Tw] meditate (upon sth), esp as a religious practice 冥思（某事物）（尤指一种宗教仪式）: a few quiet minutes in the middle of the day to sit and contemplate 中午时分静坐冥思的几分钟 * contemplating the death of Our Lord 默祷上主之死难.  2 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] consider the possibility of (sth) 考虑（某事物）的可能性; 盘算; 预料: She is contemplating a visit to (ie may visit) London. 她正打算去伦敦观光. * I'm not contemplating retiring (ie I do not intend to retire) yet. 我尚未考虑退休问题. * We don't contem-plate him opposing our plan, ie do not expect that he will oppose it. 我们预料他不会反对我们的计划./ˌkɒntemˈpleɪʃn; ˌkɑntəm`pleʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] action of looking at sth/sb thoughtfully 凝视; 注视: He returned to his contemplation of the fire. 他重又凝视着那炉火. (b) [U, C] deep thought; meditation 沉思; 冥思: He sat there deep in contemplation. 他坐在那里沉思着. * I'm sorry to interrupt your contemplations, but... 很抱歉打断了您的沉思, 可是....  2 [U] consideration; intention 考虑; 意图: the Government's contemplation of new measures 政府采取新措施的意图./kənˈtemplətɪv, ˈkɒntempleɪtɪv;  `kɑn-təmˌpletɪv/ adj  1 fond of contemplation; thoughtful 好沉思的; 深思熟虑的: a contemplative person, manner, look 深思熟虑的人、态度、表情.  2 engaging in religious meditation 进行默观的: a contemplative order of nuns 注重默观的修女团. adv./kənˌtempəˈreɪnɪəs; kənˌtɛm-pə`renɪəs/ adj ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) existing or happening at the same time 同时存在或发生的; 同时期的; 同时代的: contemporaneous events, developments, etc 同时期的事件、发展等. adv./kənˈtemprərɪ; <i>US</i> -pərerɪ; kən`tɛm-pəˌrɛrɪ/ adj  1 ~ (with sb/sth) of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same time 属于该时代或该时期的; 属于同一时代的: Many contemporary writers condemned the emperor's actions. 当时的许多作家都谴责该皇帝的行径. * a contemporary record of events, ie one made by people living at that time 同时代的大事记 * Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯与萨克莱属于同一时代.  2 of the present time; modern 当代的; 现代的: contemporary events, fashions 当代事件、款式 * furniture of contemporary style 现代风格的家具. =>Usage at new 用法见new.

n person who lives or lived at the same time as another 同期的人; 同辈: She and I were contemporaries at college. 她和我在学院里是同学./kənˈtempt; kən`tɛmpt/ n [U]  1 (a) ~ (for sb/sth) feeling that sb/sth is completely worthless and cannot be respected 轻视; 蔑视: I feel nothing but contempt for people who treat children so cruelly. 我鄙视如此虐待孩子的人. * I shall treat that suggestion with the contempt it deserves. 我对那项建议理所当然嗤之以鼻. (b) (fml 文) state of being regarded as worthless and shameful 微不足道; 耻辱: behaviour which is generally held in contempt, ie despised 被人看不起的行为.  2 ~ of/for sth disregard (of rules, danger, etc) 藐视, 不顾（规则、危险等）: She rushed forward in complete contempt of danger. 她完全不顾危险往前冲去. * remarks which betray a staggering contempt for the truth, ie are completely untrue 全然不顾事情真相的言论.  3 (idm 习语) beneath con`tempt completely unworthy of respect 不齿: Such conduct is beneath contempt. 这种举动为人所不齿. familiarity breeds contempt => familiarity.disobedience to an order made by a court of law; disrespect for a court or judge 蔑视法庭（不服从法庭或法官的命令）: She was jailed for contempt (of court). 她因藐视（法庭）罪被监禁./kənˈtemptəbl; kən`tɛmptəbl/ adj deserving contempt; despicable 不齿于人的; 可鄙的: contemptible cowardice 可鄙的胆怯./kənˈtemptʃʊəs; kən`tɛmptʃᴜəs/ adj ~ (of sth/sb) feeling or showing contempt 鄙视的; 表示轻蔑的: a contemptuous person, attitude, remark 傲慢的人、态度、言语等 * He threw it away with a contemptuous gesture. 他带着不屑一顾的样子把它扔了. * be contemptuous of public opinion 蔑视舆论. adv./kənˈtend; kən`tɛnd/ v  1 [Ipr] ~ with/against sb/sth; ~ for sth struggle in order to overcome a rival, competitor or difficulty （与对手）竞争; （与他人）争夺; （与困难）拚搏: Several teams are contending for (ie trying to win) the prize. 有几个队在争夺锦标. * She's had a lot of problems to contend with. 她有许多问题要解决. * the captains of the contending (ie rival) teams 参与争夺的各个队的队长.  2 [Tf no passive 不用于被动语态] put forward (sth) as one's opinion; argue; assert 主张（某事物）; 争辩; 认为: I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. 我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病.n person who tries to win sth in competition with others 竞争者; 争夺者; 对手: the two contenders for the heavyweight title 重量级冠军的两名争夺者./kənˈtent; kən`tɛnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth); ~ to do sth satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 知足; 满足; 满意; 愉快: Are you content with your present salary? 你对你现在的薪水满意吗? * Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了. * He is content to stay in his present job. 他对现在的工作心满意足. * He is content to remain where he is now. 他安于现状. Cf 参看 contented.

n   1 [U] state of being content 满足; 满意: the quiet content of a well-fed child 孩子喂饱後不哭不闹的满足状.  2 (idm 习语) to one's heart's content => heart.

v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth accept sth, even though one would have liked more or better 满足或满意于某事物（虽然可能有更高的要求）: As there's no cream, we'll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了. contented adj showing or feeling content; satisfied 表示或感到满意或满足的; 心满意足的: a contented person, cat, smile, etc 心满意足的人、猫、微笑等. 

/ˈkɒntent; `kɑntɛnt/ n  1 contents [pl] that which is contained in sth 所容纳之物; 所含之物; 内容: the contents of a room, box, bottle, pocket 屋、盒、瓶、衣袋里的东西 * The drawer had been emptied of its contents. 抽屉已经腾空了. * She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its contents. 她没有看那封信, 所以不知道信的内容. * At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录, 详列了书中的内容.  2 [sing] that which is written or spoken about in a book, an article, a programme, a speech, etc （书、文章、节目、演说等的）内容: The content of your essay is excellent, but it's not very well expressed. 你那篇文章的内容好极了, 但是表达方式不太好.  3 [sing] (preceded by a n 用于名词之後) amount of sth contained in sth else 容量; 含量: the silver content of a coin 硬币中银的含量 * food with a high fat content 脂肪含量高的食物.adv./kənˈtenʃn; kən`tɛnʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) contending (contend 1); competition 争夺; 竞争: two teams in contention for the title/to win the title, ie competing for it 争夺冠军的两个队.  2 [U] contending (contend 2); angry disagreement 争辩; 争论; 争吵: This is not a time for contention. 这不是争论的时候.  3 [C] ~ (that...) assertion made in an argument （辩论时提出的）论点: It is my contention that... 我的论点是....  4 (idm 习语) a bone of contention => bone.n [U] state of being content 满足; 满意: with a smile of contentment 带着心满意足的微笑./ˌkɒntɪˈgjuːətɪ; ˌkɑntɪ`ˇjuətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) being contiguous 接触; 相邻; 邻近./kənˈtɪgjʊəs; kən`tɪˇjᴜəs/ adj ~ (to/with sth) (fml 文) touching; neighbouring; near 挨着的; 相邻的; 邻近的: the northern province and contiguous areas 北方省份及邻近区域 * The garden is contiguous to the field. 这个花园紧挨着农田./ˈkɒntɪnəns; `kɑntənəns/ n [U]  1 (fml 文) control of one's feelings, esp in sexual matters （感情的）节制; （尤指）节制性欲.  2 (medical 医) ability to control one's bladder and bowels 大小便的自控能力./ˈkɒntɪnənt; `kɑntənənt/ n  1 each of the main land masses of the Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, etc) （地球上的）大洲之一（欧洲、亚洲、非洲等）; 洲; 大陆.  2 the Continent [sing] (Brit) the mainland of Europe 欧洲大陆: holidaying on the Continent 在欧洲大陆度假.

/ˈkɒntɪnənt; `kɑntənənt/ adj  1 (fml 文) having control of one's feelings and (esp sexual) desires 有节制的; 节制欲望的（尤指性欲）.  2 (medical 医) able to control one's bladder and bowels 大小便控制力正常的./ˌkɒntɪˈnentl; ˌkɑntə`nɛntl/ adj  1 belonging to or typical of a continent 大陆的; 大陆性的: a ,continental `climate 大陆性气候.  2 (also Continental) (Brit) of the mainland of Europe 欧洲大陆的: ,continental `wars, al`liances, etc 欧洲大陆的战争、联盟等 * a continental holiday 在欧洲大陆的假日.

n (Brit often derog 常作贬义) inhabitant of the mainland of Europe （欧洲）大陆人.light breakfast typically consisting only of coffee and rolls with jam 欧洲大陆式早餐（仅有咖啡和果酱面包）. Cf 参看 English breakfast (English). ,continental `drift the slow movement of the continents towards and away from each other during the history of the Earth 大陆漂移（地球史上各大陆之间产生相对位移的缓慢运动）./kənˈtɪndʒənsɪ; kən`tɪndʒənsɪ/ n event that may or may not occur; event that happens by chance 可能发生也可能不发生的事件; 偶发事件: Be prepared for all possible contingencies, ie for whatever may happen. 要准备应付一切可能发生的事件. * [attrib 作定语] contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划[安排]./kənˈtɪndʒənt; kən`tɪndʒənt/ adj (fml 文)  1 ~ on/upon sth dependent on sth that may or may not happen 依可能发生也可能不发生的情况而定: Our success is contingent upon your continued help. 我们的成功全靠你的不断帮助.  2 uncertain; accidental 不能确定的; 偶然的: a contingent advantage, effect, etc 意外的好处、结果等.

/kənˈtɪndʒənt; kən`tɪndʒənt/ n [CGp]  1 number of troops supplied to form part of a larger force 分遣队; 小分队: a small British contingent in the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维持和平部队的英国小分队.  2 group of people sharing particular characteristics (eg place of origin) attending a gathering 参加某集会的一批具有某共同点（如所属地区）的人; 代表团: A large contingent from Japan was present at the conference. 来自日本的一个大代表团出席了会议. * There were the usual protests from the anti-abortion contingent. 反对堕胎的人照例提出了抗议./kənˈtɪnjʊəl; kən`tɪnjᴜəl/ adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) going on all the time without stopping, or repeatedly 继续不断的; 一再重复的: continual rain, talking, interruptions 不停的雨、谈话、打扰 * How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare continual and continuous. 试比较continual和continuous.  Continual usually describes an action which is repeated again and again *continual一般指多次重复的动作: Please stop your continual questions. 请不要再接二连三地提问了. *  He was continually late for work. 他上班总是迟到. Continuous indicates that the action or object carries on without stopping or interruption *continuous: They chattered continuously for an hour. 他们唠唠叨叨足有一个小时. *  a continuous flow of traffic 接连不断的来往车辆./-jʊəlɪ; -jᴜəlɪ/ adv without stopping; repeatedly 不停地; 一再地: They're continually arguing. 他们争吵不休. * I continually have to remind him of his responsibilities. 我得一再提醒他记住他的责任./kənˈtɪnjʊəns; kən`tɪnjᴜəns/ n [sing] (fml 文) continuing existence; remaining; staying 继续的存在; 持续; 停留: Can we hope for a continuance of this fine weather? 我们能够指望这样的好天气再持续一段时间吗? * We can no longer support the President's continuance in office. 我们不能再支持总统连任./kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃn; kənˌtɪnjᴜ`eʃən/ n  1 [U, sing] (a) carrying sth on beyond a certain point without stopping; prolongation 继续; 延续; 持续: He argued for a continuation of the search. 他主张继续进行搜查. (b) starting again after a stop; resumption （停止後的）再开始; （中断後的）再继续: Continuation of play after the tea interval was ruled out by rain. 原定茶点小憩後继续进行的比赛因下雨而取消了.  2 [C] thing that continues or extends sth else （某事物的）延续或延长部分: This road is a continuation of the motorway. 这条公路是高速公路的延伸.  3 [C] (US law 律) temporary stopping of a trial; adjournment （法庭的）休庭, 休会./kənˈtɪnjuː; kən`tɪnju/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) go or move further （使某事物）继续, 延续: How far does the road continue? 这条路有多长? * The desert continued as far as the eye could see. 沙漠一直伸展到视线的尽头. * We continued up the mountain on horseback. 我们骑着马继续上山. * They continued down until they came to some pockets of natural gas. 他们继续往下钻, 终于找到了一些天然气的气阱. * It's been decided to continue the motorway (to the coast), ie build more of it until it reaches the coast. 已决定将高速公路延长（至海滨）.  2 [La, I, Ipr, Tn, Tt, Tg] ~ (with sth) (cause sth to) go on existing or happening; not stop （使某事物）继续存在或不断发生; 不停: Circumstances continue (to be) favourable. . * Wet weather may continue for a few more days. 多雨的天气可能还要持续好几天. * We will continue (with) the payments for another year. 我们这样的报酬还要再维持一年. * In spite of my efforts to pacify it the baby continued to cry/continued crying. 尽管我已尽力哄这婴儿, 可是他还是哭个不停. * How can you continue to work/continue working with all that noise going on? 你在那不停的噪声中怎么能工作得下去呀?  3 [Ipr] stay; remain 留在原处; 继续保持: He is to continue as manager. 他要继续当经理. * continue at school, in one's job, etc 继续求学、任职等.  4 (a) [I, Tn, Tt, Tg] start again after stopping; resume （停止後）再开始; （中断後）再继续: The story continues/is continued in the next issue of the magazine. 这个故事在该杂志的下一期里继续刊载. * We continued to rehearse/continued rehearsing the chorus after the break. 休息之後我们继续排练合唱节目. (b) [I, Tn] speak or say (sth) again after stopping （停顿後）继续说: Please continue; I didn't mean to interrupt. 请往下说, 我不是有意打断你的话的. * `And what's more,' he continued, `they wouldn't even let me in!' ｀这还不算,＇ 他接着说: ｀他们甚至不让我进去!＇adj [attrib 作定语] going on without stopping 继续不停的: continued opposition, resistance, etc 持续的反对、抵抗等./ˌkɒntɪˈnjuːətɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈnuː-; ˌkɑntə`nuətɪ/ n [U]  1 state of being continuous 继续; 连续: We must ensure continuity of fuel supplies. 我们应该确保燃料供给不中断.  2 logical connection between parts of a sequence 连续性; 持续性: This article lacks continuity; the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another. 这篇文章缺乏连贯性, 作者一味东拉西扯, 格局无章.  3 (cinema or TV 影或视) correct sequence of action in a film, etc （电影等各场景的）串联, 衔接: Continuity is ensured by using the same props in successive scenes. 在连续的场景中使用同样的道具以确保前後衔接. * [attrib 作定语] a conti`nuity girl, ie one who makes sure the correct sequence is kept 女场记员（负责各场的顺序衔接正确无误者）.  4 (broadcasting 播) connecting comments,announcements, etc made between broadcasts （广播节目之间主持人的）串联词、说明词等: [attrib 作定语] a continuity announcer 插白广播员./kənˈtɪnjʊəs; kən`tɪnjᴜəs/ adj going on without stopping or being interrupted 继续不停的; 不间断的: Is this a continuous flight, or do we stop off anywhere? 我们是不着陆的连续飞行呢, 还是要在中途的什么地方停一停? * Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中. * A continuous belt feeds components into the machine. 无极带把零件送入机器里. * continuous assessment, ie evaluation of a student's progress throughout a course of study (instead of by examination alone) 连续性评定（对学生在整个学习过程中所取得的进步的评价, 用以代替单独的考试）. =>Usage at continual 用法见continual. > continuously adv.(grammar) phrase consisting of part of be and a verb ending in -ing which expresses an action that continues over a period of time, as in `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing' 进行时态（由be的一种形式和以-ing结尾的动词构成的词组, 表示持续一段时间的动作, 如: `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing'./kənˈtɪnjʊəm; kən`tɪnjᴜəm/ n (pl ~s or  -ua/ -UE; -JE/) graded sequence of things of a similar kind, so that the ones next to each other are almost identical, but the ones at either end are quite distinct; cline 连续统一体./kənˈtɔːt; kən`tɔrt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) twist out of its natural shape （使某物）扭曲, 走样: Her face contorted/was contorted with pain. 她的脸因疼痛而走了样. * contorted branches, limbs, etc 弯弯曲曲的枝桠、主枝等 * (fig 比喻) a contorted (ie too complicated) explanation, excuse, etc 拐弯抹角的解释、辩解等./kənˈtɔːʃn; kən`tɔrʃən/ (a) [U] contortingor being contorted (esp of the face or body) 扭曲, 扭歪, 走样（尤指脸部或躯体）. (b) [C] instance or result of this 扭曲; 扭歪; 走样: the contortions of a yoga expert 瑜伽高手的柔软动作. /-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n person who is skilled in contorting his body 柔软杂技表演者./ˈkɒntʊə(r); `kɑntᴜr/ n  1 outward curve of sth/sb (eg a coast, mountain range, body) thought of as defining its shape 轮廓, 外形（如海岸、山脉、身体的轮廓线）: the smooth contours of a sculpture 雕塑物的平滑的轮廓线.  2 (also `contour line) line on a map joining points that are the same height above sea level 等高线. =>illus at map 见map之插图.

v [Tn]  1 mark (a map) with contour lines 在（地图）上标出等高线.  2 build (a road) so that it follows the contours of a hill （顺着山的起伏）修筑（道路）.map with contour lines representing fixed intervals on the ground, eg of 25 metres 等高线地图.comb form 构词成分 against 反对; 相反: contraflow.

pref 前缀  1 (with vs and ns 用于动词和名词之前) opposite to; against 与...相反; 反对: contra-distinction * contra-indication * `contraflow.  2 (with ns 用于名词之前) (music 音) having a pitch an octave below 声音低八度的: contra-bassoon./ˌkɒntrəɪndɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌkɑntrəˌɪndə`ke-ʃən/ n (medical 医) sign that a particular drug may be harmful 禁忌症; 禁忌徵象: The contra-indications listed for the pills meant that she could not take them. 这种药丸所列的禁忌症表明, 她不能服用./ˈkɒntrəbænd; `kɑntrəˌbænd/ n [U] goods brought into or taken out of a country illegally （非法带入或带出国境的）违禁品; 走私货: [attrib 作定语] contraband goods 违禁货物./ˌkɒntrəˈsepʃn; ˌkɑntrə`sɛpʃən/ n [U] preventing of conception(1) 避孕; 节育./ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv; ˌkɑntrə`sɛptɪv/ n device or drug for preventing conception 避孕器; 避孕剂.  adj preventing conception 避孕的; 避孕用的: a contraceptive pill, device, drug, etc 避孕丸、避孕器、避孕剂./ˈkɒntrækt; `kɑntrækt/ n  1 ~ (with sb) (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writing 合同; 契约: You shouldn't enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你应该先仔细研究合同的条款, 然後再签订. * We have a contract with the Government for the supply of vehicles/to supply vehicles. 我们在提供车辆方面与政府订有合约. * When the legal formalities have been settled, the buyer and seller of a house can exchange contracts, ie to complete their agreement legally. 房子的买方和卖方办妥法律手续即可交换契约. * He has agreed salary terms and is ready to sign a new contract, ie of employment. 他同意了薪金条件, 准备签新合同. * I'm not a permanent employee; I'm working here on a fixed-term contract. 我并不是永久雇员, 而是根据定期合同在此工作的. * [attrib 作定语] the contract price, date, etc, ie the price, date, etc agreed to 合同价格、日期等 * a contract worker, ie employed on a contract 合同工.  2 (idm 习语) be under contract (to sb) have made a contract to work (for sb) 立约（为某人）工作: a pop group that is under contract to one of the big record companies 与一家大唱片公司签有合约的流行音乐乐队. put sth out to `contract invite people to make a contract to do work, supply (goods, etc) 请人承包工作、供货等事: We haven't the resources to do the work ourselves, so we'll put it out to contract. 我们自己无法做这项工作, 所以要承包出去.

/kənˈtrækt; kən`trækt/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, It] ~ with sb for sth make (a legal agreement) with sb for a purpose 与某人签订（合同或契约）: contract with a firm for the supply of fuel, ie agree to buy fuel from it 与一家公司就供应燃料一事签订合同 * Having contracted (with them) to do the repairs, we cannot withdraw now. 我们（与他们）订有维修合约, 现在不能撤消. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (fml 文) enter into or undertake sth formally 正式缔结或确定（某事物）: She had contracted a most unsuitable marriage. 她订下的婚约极不匹配. * contract an alliance with a neighbouring state 与邻国缔结同盟.  2 [Tn] (a) catch or develop (an illness) 感染（疾病）: contract measles, a cold, etc 患麻疹、感冒等. (b) (fml 文) acquire (sth) 招致（某事物）: contract debts, bad habits 负债、染上恶习.  3 (phr v) contract `out (of sth) (Brit) withdraw from, or not enter into, an agreement which applies to a large group 退出或不参加某合约: You can contract out (of the pension scheme) if you wish. 你愿意的话, 可以退出（这个养老金计划）. contract sth out (to sb) arrange for (work) to be done by another firm rather than one's own 把工作包出去（让别人做）.

/kənˈtrækt; kən`trækt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sth) 1 make or become smaller or shorter （使）缩小, 缩短, 缩约: Metals contract as they get cooler. 金属遇冷则收缩. * `I will' can be contracted to `I'll'. Iwill可缩写为I'll. * (fig 比喻) Our business has contracted a lot recently. 我们的生意近来大为减少了.  2 (cause sth to) become tighter or narrower; constrict （使某物）紧缩或收缩; 缩: contract a muscle 收缩肌肉 * The tunnel contracts to a narrow passageway as you go deeper. 再往里走, 坑道缩小成了一条窄窄的通道. Cf 参看 expand.type of bridge2 in which a player can gain points only with tricks which he had undertaken to win before the game started 定约桥牌.adj that can be contracted 可收缩的; 有收缩性的./kənˈtræktaɪl; <i>US</i> -tl; kən`træktl/ adj (fml 文) that can contract or be contracted 可收缩的; 有收缩力的; 有收缩性的: contractile tissue 可缩组织./kənˈtrækʃn; kən`trækʃən/ n  1 [U] contracting or being contracted 缩小; 缩短; 紧缩; 收缩: the contraction of a muscle 肌肉的收缩.  2 [C] (medical 医) tightening of the womb that occurs at intervals in the hours preceding childbirth （分娩时阵发性的）子宫收缩.  3 [C] shortened form at a word 词的缩约形式; 缩约词: `Can't' is a contraction of `cannot'. can't是cannot的缩约形式.n person or firm that does jobs (esp construction) under contract 订约者; （尤指建筑工程的）承包人, 承包商: a building contractor 承建商 * a firm of defence contractors, ie who make weapons, etc 军火承包商 * Who were the contractors on the new motorway? ie Who built it? 谁是这条新高速公路的承包人?/kənˈtrktʃʊəl; kən`træktʃᴜəl/ adj of or contained in a contract 合同的; 契约性的: contractual liability, obligations, etc 合同责任、义务等./ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt; ˌkɑntrə`dɪkt/ v  1 [I, Tn] say sth that conflicts with (sth said or written) by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truth 反驳（某人）的（言论或文字）; 批驳; 驳斥: That is true, and don't you dare contradict (me). 这是事实, 你还敢（跟我）强嘴. * The speaker had got confused, and started contradicting himself. 演讲者弄糊涂了, 说话自相矛盾起来.  2 [Tn] (of facts, evidence, etc) be contrary to (sth); conflict with （指事实、证据等）与（某事物）相反, 或相矛盾: The two statements contradict each other. 两种说法互相抵触. * The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报告与我们昨天听到的有矛盾./ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃn; ˌkɑntrə`dɪkʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] contradicting 反驳; 矛盾; 对立: She will permit no contradiction. 她决不允许有异议. (b) [C] instance of this 矛盾: That's a flat contradiction of what you said before. 这可和你以前说的恰恰相反.  2 ~ (between sth and sth) (a) [U] absence of agreement (between statements, facts, etc) （两种说法、事实等之间的）不一致, 矛盾, 对立: I find no contradiction between his publicly expressed opinions and his private actions. 我觉得他的公开言论与私下行为并无二致. * His private actions are in direct contradiction to/with (ie directly contradict) his publicly expressed opinions. 他私下的行为跟公开的言论完全是两码事. (b) [C] instance of this 不一致; 矛盾; 对立: It's a contradiction to love animals and yet wear furs. 又爱护动物又穿毛皮服装, 是自相矛盾的.  3 (idm 习语) a ,contradiction in `terms statement containing two words which contradict each other's meaning 语词矛盾: `A generous miser' is a contradiction in terms. ｀慷慨的吝啬鬼＇在用词上自相矛盾./ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktərɪ; ˌkɑntrə`dɪktərɪ/ adj contradicting 互相矛盾的; 互相对立的: contradictory statements, reports, etc 互相矛盾的说法、报告等./ˌkɒntrədɪˈstɪŋkʃn; ˌkɑntrədɪ`stɪŋkʃən/ n (idm 习语) in contradistinction to sth/sb (fml 文) by contrast with sth/sb; as opposed to sth/sb 以别于某事物[某人]; 与某事物[某人]相反: I refer specifically to permanent residents, in contradistinction to temporary visitors. 我是专指永久居民而言, 以别于临时访客./ˈkɒntrəfləʊ; `kɑntrəˌflo/ n [U, C] transferring of traffic from its usual half of the road to the other half, so that it shares the lane with traffic coming in the other direction 逆道行驶（车辆在迎面来车一边的道路上逆行）: [attrib 作定语] While repairs are being carried out on this part of the motorway, a contraflow system is in operation. 高速公路的这一部分正进行维修, 现实行逆道行驶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii./kənˈtræltəʊ; kən`trælto/ (also alto) n (pl ~s)  1 lowest female voice 女低音: She sings contralto. 她唱女低音.  2 woman with, or musical part to be sung by, such a voice 女低音歌手; 乐曲的女低音部分: A gifted young contralto. 有天赋的年轻女低音歌手./kənˈtræpʃn; kən`træpʃən/ n (infml 口) apparatus or device, esp a strange or complicated one 器械或装置（尤指新奇或复杂的玩意儿）: a peculiar contraption for removing pips from oranges 可以除去柑橘的子的稀奇玩意儿./ˌkɒntrəˈpʌntl; ˌkɑntrə`pʌntl/ adj (music 音) of or in counterpoint 对位法的; 复调音乐的./-rɪlɪ; <i>US</i> -rəlɪ; -rəlɪ/ adv in a contrary manner 相反地; 反而.

adv. n [U]./ˈkɒntrərɪwaɪz; <i>US</i> -trerɪ-; `kɑntrɛrɪˌwaɪz/ adv  1 on the contrary; on the other hand 相反; 在另一方面: He always gives permission; she, contrariwise, always refuses it. 他总是予以应允; 她则相反, 总是拒绝. * `Don't you find him very rude?' `Contrariwise! I think he's most polite.' ｀你是否觉得他很粗野?＇｀恰恰相反! 我认为他非常有礼貌.＇  2 in the opposite way 以相反的方式: I work from left to right, he works contrariwise. 我从左边干到右边, 他从右边干到左边.  3/ kEn5treErIwaIz; kEn`trZrIwaIz/ perversely; in a way that shows opposition 一意孤行地; 表示相反地; 作对地: They know they're not allowed to park there, but, contrariwise, they always do. 他们明知不准在那里停车, 却偏偏总要把车停在那里./ˈkɒntrərɪ; <i>US</i> -trerɪ; `kɑntrɛrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] opposite in nature, tendency or direction （在性质、倾向或方向等上）相反的, 相违的: contrary beliefs 截然相反的信仰 * traffic moving in contrary directions 来来往往的车辆 * `Hot' and `cold' are contrary terms. ｀热＇和｀冷＇是一对反义词. * The ship was delayed by contrary winds, ie blowing against the direction of travel. 航船因遇逆风而延误了.

/ˈkɒntrərɪ; <i>US</i> -trerɪ; `kɑntrɛrɪ/ n  1 the contrary [sing] the opposite 反面; 对立面: The contrary of `wet' is `dry'. ｀湿＇的对立面是｀乾＇. * I've never opposed it. The contrary is true: I've always supported it. 我从未反对过它. 恰恰相反: 我一贯支持它.  2 (idm 习语) by contraries in an opposite way to what is expected 与预期的相反: Many events in our lives go by contraries. 我们的生活中有不少事与愿违的情况. on the `contrary the opposite is true; not at all 与此相反; 正相反: It doesn't seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful. 我觉得它并不丑, 恰恰相反, 它挺美. to the `contrary indicating or proving the opposite 与此相反（的）: I will come on Monday unless you write to the contrary, ie telling me not to come. 我将于星期一前来, 除非你写信叫我别来. * I will continue to believe it until I get proof to the contrary, ie that it is not true. 我仍然相信这一点, 除非能证明它与此相反.

/kənˈtreərɪ; kən`trɛrɪ/ adj obstinately refusingto help or obey 好与人作对的; 执拗的: He's an awkward, contrary child. 他是个又麻烦又不听话的孩子. prep in opposition to (sth); against 违反（某事物）; 对抗: be contrary to the law, rules, etc 违反法律、规则等 * The results were contrary to expectation. 结果与预期的相反. * Contrary to the doctor's orders, he had gone back to work. 他不听医生的吩咐, 又回去工作了./kənˈtrɑːst; <i>US</i> -ˈtræst; kən`træst/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and/with B compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear 对比（以显出两人或事物的差异）: It is interesting to contrast the two writers. 将这两位作家加以比较是很有意思的. * contrast his work and/with hers 把他的作品与她的作品加以比较.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) show a difference when compared （通过对比）显出差异; 形成对照: Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别. * Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply, ie She did not do as she had promised. 她的行动与她的诺言相去甚远.

/ˈkɒntrɑːst; <i>US</i> -træst; `kɑntræst/ n ~ (to/with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B)  1 [U] action of contrasting 对比; 相比: Careful contrast of the two plans shows up some key differences. 把这两个计划仔细地加以对比就可以看出一些关键性的差异. * His white hair was in sharp contrast to (ie was very noticeably different from) his dark skin. 他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比. * She had almost failed the exam, but her sister, by contrast, had done very well. 她考试差点不及格, 而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好. * In contrast with their system, ours seems very old-fashioned. 我们的制度与他们的相比, 显得过于守旧了.  2 [C, U] difference clearly seen when unlike things are compared or put together; thing showing such a difference 明显的差异; 对照: The white walls make a contrast with the black carpet. 白色的墙壁与黑色的地毯形成了鲜明的对照. * There is a remarkable contrast between the two brothers. 他们兄弟俩截然不同. * The work you did today is quite a contrast to (eg noticeably better/worse than) what you did last week. 你今天干的活儿跟你上周干的判然不同（如明显地要好[不如]）. * The contrast of light and shade is important in photography. 在摄影艺术中明暗的反差是很重要的./ˌkɒntrəˈviːn; ˌkɑntrə`vin/ v [Tn]  1 act or be contrary to (a law, etc); break 违犯（法律等）; 违反: You are contravening the regulations. 你违反了规定. * Her actions contravene the rules. 她的所作所为违反了规定.  2 (of things) conflict with (sth); not agree with （指事物）与（某事物）相抵触; 不合于...: This evidence contravenes our theory. 这个证据跟我们的理论不相符./ˌkɒntrəˈvenʃn; ˌkɑntrə`vɛnʃən/ n [C, U] (act of) contravening (a law, etc) （对法律等的）违犯, 违反: a blatant contravention of the treaty 公然违背条约的行为 * acting in direct contravention of (ie against) my wishes 跟我的愿望完全背道而驰./ˈkɒntrətɒm; `kɑntrəˌtɑ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (French fml or joc 法, 文或谑) unfortunate event; mishap; set-back 不幸事件; 灾祸; 挫折./kənˈtrɪbjuːt; kən`trɪbjᴜt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ (sth) (to/towards sth) give one's share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint cause 出（钱、力、主意等）; 捐助; 捐赠; 贡献: contribute (ten pounds) to a charity collection 捐献（十镑）给慈善事业 * contribute aid for refugees 向难民提供援助 * Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献. * The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to (ie take part in) the discussion. 主席鼓励大家参与讨论.  2 [Ipr] ~ to sth increase sth; add to sth 增加某事物; 添加到某事物中: Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的著作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解.  3 [Ipr] ~ to sth help to cause sth 促成某事物: Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗?  4 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) to sth write (articles, etc) for a publication 撰稿; 投（稿）: She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines. 她给文学刊物投了（几首诗）稿./ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn; ˌkɑntrə`bjuʃən/ n ~ (to/towards sth) (a) [U] action of contributing 捐款; 捐助; 贡献; 促成; 投稿: the contribution of money to charity 慈善捐款. (b) [C] thing contributed 捐赠物; 稿件: a small contribution (ie of money) to the collection 少量捐款 * The editor is short of contributions (ie articles) for the May issue. 编辑缺少五月号刊物用的稿件. * (fig 比喻) The signing of such a treaty would be a major contribution towards (ie would help greatly to bring about) world peace. 签订这样一项条约, 是对世界和平的重大贡献.n person who contributes (money to a fund, articles to a magazine, etc) 捐款人; 捐助者; 投稿者./kənˈtrɪbjʊtərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; kən`trɪbjəˌtɔrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 helping to cause sth 促成某事物的; 有助于某事物的: a contributory factor, cause, etc 起促成作用的因素、原因等 * contributory negligence, eg that helped to cause an accident 共同过失（受伤一方因本身疏忽造成的事故）.  2 paid for by contributions 由捐助支付的: a con,tributory `pension scheme, ie paid for by both employers and employees 共集年金制（由雇主和职工共同出资）./ˈkɒntraɪt; `kɑntraɪt/ adj filled with or showing deep regret for having done wrong; repentant 痛悔前非的; 悔恨不已的: a contrite apology, manner 深表懊悔的致歉、样子 * She was contrite the morning after her angry outburst. 她发了一顿脾气之後一早上追悔莫及. adv./kənˈtrɪʃn; kən`trɪʃən/ n [U] deep regret for having doing wrong; repentance 悔恨; 痛悔; 忏悔./kənˈtraɪvəns; kən`traɪvəns/ n  1 [C] ~ (for doing sth/to do sth) (a) device or tool, esp one made by an individual for a particular purpose 机械装置或用具（尤指为某用途而特制之物）: a contrivance for cutting curved shapes 可作曲线切削的用具 * He erected some contrivance for storing rain-water. 他装设了一种贮存雨水的器具. (b) complicated or deceitful plan 计谋; 骗术: an ingenious contrivance to get her to sign the document without reading it 为使她不经过目就签署文件的妙计.  2 [U] capacity to do or accomplish sth 能力: Some things are beyond human contrivance. 有些事情人们是无能为力的.  3 [U] action of contriving 发明; 设计: the contrivance of an effective method 一种实用方法的产生./kənˈtraɪv; kən`traɪv/ v (fml 文)  1 [Tn] plan (sth) cleverly or deceitfully; invent; design 谋划或策划（某事）; 发明; 设计: contrive a device, an experiment, a means of escape 设计一个装置; 筹划一项实验; 策划逃跑 * contrive a way of avoiding paying tax 设法逃税 * Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn't have been contrived. 他们突如其来的发作显然是真的, 这是装不出来的.  2 [Tt] manage (to do sth) in spite of difficulties 想尽办法做某事物: contrive to live on a small income 靠菲薄的收入精打细算过日子 * (ironic 反语) He contrived to make matters worse, ie unintentionally made them worse by what he did. 他弄巧成拙.adj (derog 贬)  1 planned in advance rather than being spontaneous or genuine 人为的; 策划的; 非自发的; 虚假的: a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspapers 企图蒙蔽报界的人为事件.  2 obviously invented; not lifelike 杜撰的; 缺乏真实性的: a novel with a very contrived plot 情节十分虚假的小说./kənˈtrəʊl; kən`trol/ n  1 [U] ~ (of/over sb/sth) power or authority to direct, order or limit （指挥、命令或限制的）能力, 权力; 控制; 支配; 管理: children who lack parental control, ie are not kept in order by their parents 缺乏父母管教的孩子 * He has no control over his emotions. 他控制不住自己的感情. * In the latest elections our party has got/gained control (of the council). 在这次选举中, 本党获得了（对议会的）控制权. * She managed to keep control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上开车时, 尽力控制住了汽车. * A military government took control (of the country). 军政府接管了（国家）. * The city is in/under the control of enemy forces. 该城现处于敌军的控制之下. * The pilot lost control of the plane. 飞行员失去了对飞机的控制. * He got so angry he lost control (of himself), ie started to behave wildly. 他气得无法自制. * Due to circumstances beyond/outside our control, we cannot land here. 由于出现了我们无法控制的情况, 我们不能在此着陆.  2 [U] management; guidance; restriction 管制; 指导; 限制: control of traffic/traffic control 交通管制 * control of foreign exchange 外汇管理 * She argued for import control, ie the restricting of imports. 她主张实行进口限制. * [attrib 作定语] arms-control talks 军备控制谈判.  3 [C] ~ (on sth) means of limiting or regulating 限制或管理的手段: government controls on trade and industry 政府对工商业的管理措施 * The arms trade should be subject to rigorous controls. 对军火贸易应该严加限制.  4 [C] standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment （实验的）对照标准: One group was treated with the new drug, and a second group was treated with the old one as a control. 对一组使用新药, 对另一组则使用旧药以资对照. * [attrib 作定语] a con`trol group 作为对照的一组.  5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] switches, levers, etc by which a machine is operated or regulated （机器的）操纵装置（如开关、操纵杆等）: the controls of an aircraft, ie for direction, height, etc 飞行器的操纵装置 * The pilot is at the controls. 飞行员在掌握操纵仪. * the volume control of a radio, ie the one which regulates loudness 收音机的音量调节器 * a studio with an array of electronic controls 有一系列电子控制装置的播音室 * [attrib 作定语] a control panel, board, lever, etc 操纵盘、板、杆等.  6 [sing] place from which orders are issued or at which checks are made 指挥部; 检查站: Mission control ordered the spacecraft to return to earth. 指挥部命令宇宙飞船返回地球. * Our papers are checked as we go through passport control at the airport. 我们通过机场查验护照的关卡时, 查验了我们的证件.  7 (idm 习语) be in control (of sth) direct, manage or rule (sth) 指挥、管理或支配（某事物）: She may be old, but she's still in control (of all that is happening). 她尽管人已老了, 然而仍由她掌管（一切事情）. * Who's in control of the project? 谁是这个项目的负责人? * Enemy forces are in control of the city. 敌军控制着这座城市. be/get out of con`trol be/become no longer manageable 失去控制: The children are out of control. 管不住这些孩子了. * Inflation has got out of control. 通货膨胀已失去控制. bring/get sth/be under con`trol subdue or master sth/be subdued or mastered 抑制; 控制: You must get your spending under control. 你必须节制开支. * The fire has been brought under control. 火势已受到控制. * Don't worry; everything's under control, ie all difficulties are being dealt with. 别担心, 一切都在控制之下.

/kənˈtrəʊl; kən`trol/ v (-ll-) [Tn]  1 have power or authority over (sb/sth) 控制, 操纵, 管理, 支配（某人[某事物]）: a dictator who controlled the country for over 50 years 统治该国达50多年之久的独裁者 * Can't you control that child (ie make it behave properly)? 你管不了那个孩子吗? * an aircraft which is hard to control at high speeds 高速飞行难以控制的飞机 * I was so furious I couldn't control myself, and I hit him. 我气得不得了, 就打了他.  2 regulate (sth) 管理（某事物）: control traffic, immigration, supplies, prices 管理交通、移民事务、物资供应、物价 * This knob controls the radio's volume. 这个旋钮可调节收音机的音量. * government efforts to control inflation, ie stop it getting worse 政府控制通货膨胀的努力.  3 check (sth); verify 检查（某事物）; 检验: regular inspections to control product quality 对产品质量的常规检查.building at an airport from which the taking off and landing of aircraft is controlled （机场的）指挥塔, 指挥调度台; 塔台.adj that can be controlled 可控制的; 可操纵的; 可管理的; 可支配的: Drugs can make violent patients controllable. 麻醉药可使狂躁病人安静下来.n person who controls or directs sth, esp a department or division of a large organization （尤指大机构中部门的）负责人: the controller of BBC Radio 英国广播公司广播电台负责人 * an air-traffic controller 航空调度员.(finance 财) possession of enough stock(5b) of a company to control decision-making 控股权益: have a controlling interest in a company 在某公司中有控股权益./ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl; ˌkɑntrə`vɝʃəl/ adj causing or likely to cause controversy 引起或可能引起争论的: a controversial person, decision, organization, book 有争议的人物、决定、组织、书./-ʃəlɪst; -ʃəlɪst/ n (fml 文) person who is good at or fond of controversy 善辩者; 好辩者./-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv./ˈkɒntrəvɜːsɪ, kənˈtrɒvəsɪ; `kɑntrəˌvɝsɪ/ n [U, C] ~ (about/over sth) public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagree with 公开辩论; 论战: The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy, ie Many people publicly disagreed with it. 新负责人的任命引起了激烈的争论. * a bitter controversy about/over the siting of the new airport 对新机场选址问题的剧烈争论./ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːt; `kɑntrəˌvɝt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) deny the truth of (sth); argue about 否定（某事物）; 争论; 反驳: a fact that cannot be controverted 无可置辩的事实./ˌkɒntjuːˈmeɪʃəs; <i>US</i> -tuː-; ˌkɑntu`meʃəs/ adj (fml 文) obstinate and disobedient 固执的; 桀骜不驯的; 顽抗的. adv./ˈkɒntjʊməsɪ; <i>US</i> kənˈtuːməsɪ; `kɑntuməsɪ/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] obstinate resistance or disobedience 顽抗; 抗命. (b) [C] instance of this 顽抗./ˈkɒntjuːmlɪ; <i>US</i> kənˈtuːməlɪ; `kɑntᴜˌmilɪ/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] insulting language or treatment 无礼的言辞或行为. (b) [C] instance of this; humiliating insult 侮慢无礼./kənˈtjuːz; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːz; kən`tuz/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (medical 医) injure (a part of the body) without breaking the skin; bruise 挫伤（身体某部）; 使产生青肿./kənˈtjuːʒn; <i>US</i> -ˈtuː-; kən`tjuʒən/ n (medical 医) bruise 挫伤; 青肿./kəˈnʌndrəm; kə`nʌndrəm/ n  1 question, usu with a pun in its answer, that is asked for fun; riddle 问题（答案通常为双关语的）; 谜语.  2 puzzling problem 伤脑筋的问题: an issue that is a real conundrum for the experts 使专家们大伤脑筋的问题./ˌkɒnɜːˈbeɪʃn; ˌkɑnɚ`beʃən/ n large urbanarea formed by the expansion and joining together of several smaller towns 集合城市（由几个小城镇扩展连合而构成大的城市区域）./ˌkɒnvəˈles; ˌkɑnvə`lɛs/ v [I] regain one's health and strength after an illness 恢复健康和体力; 康复: She went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital. 她经过住院治疗後, 前往海滨养病./ˌkɒnvəˈlesns; ˌkɑnvə`lɛsns/ n [sing, U] (period of) gradual recovery of health and strength 康复（期）. /ˌkɒnvəˈlesnt;ˌkɑnvə`lɛsnt/ n, adj (person who is) recovering from illness 康复中的（病人）: a convalescent home, ie a type of hospital where people convalesce 疗养所./kənˈvekʃn; kən`vɛkʃən/ n [U] transmission of heat from one part of a liquid or gas to another by the movement of heated substances （热的）对流./kənˈvektə(r); kən`vɛktɚ/ n (also con,vector`heater) room heater that warms air by passing it over hot surfaces and then circulates it 对流加热器./kənˈviːn; kən`vin/ v  1 [Tn] summon (people) to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc) 召集（人们）; 召开（会议等）: convene the members, a committee, etc 召集成员、委员会会议等.  2 [I] come together (for a meeting, etc) 集合（开会等）: The tribunal will convene tomorrow. 法庭将于明日开庭.n (a) person who convenes meetings （会议）召集人. (b) (Brit) senior trade union official in a factory or some other place of work 工会领导人: the works convenor 该厂的工会领导人./kənˈviːnɪəns; kən`vinjəns/ n  1 [U] quality of being convenient or suitable; freedom from trouble or difficulty 方便; 便利; 适宜; 省事: a library planned for the users' convenience 旨在方便读者的图书馆 * I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便. * It was a marriage of convenience, ie They married for material advantage, not for love. 那是一门贪图财利的亲事.  2 [C] (a) arrangement, appliance or device that is useful, helpful or suitable 有用、有益或适宜的安排、用具或设施: It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us. 有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了. * The house has all the modern conveniences, eg central heating, hot water supply, etc. 这所房屋有各种现代化的设施（如集中供暖、热水供应等设备）. (b) (Brit euph 婉) lavatory for the use of the general public （公共）厕所: There is a public convenience on the corner of the street. 在街道的拐角处有公共厕所.  3 (idm 习语) at one's con`venience when and where it suits one 在方便的时候及在适宜的地方: With a caravan, you can stop at your own convenience; you're not dependent on hotels. 开着一辆大篷车, 可以随意停下来, 不用住旅馆. at your earliest con`venience => early. a flag of convenience => flag1.food (eg in a tin, packet, etc) that needs very litttle preparation after being bought 方便食品./kənˈviːnɪənt; kən`vinjənt/ adj ~ (for sb/sth) 1 fitting in well with people's needs or plans; giving no trouble or difficulty; suitable 适合需要的; 方便的; 省心的; 省事的; 合适的: I can't see him now; it's not convenient. 我现在不便见他. * Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 你明天开始工作方便吗? * We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting. 我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会. * A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities. 在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多.  2 situated nearby; easily accessible 近便的; 容易到达的: (infml 口) a house that is convenient for (ie is near) the shops 靠近店　的房屋 * It's useful to have a convenient supermarket. 附近有家超级市场实在方便.adv in a convenient manner 方便地: My house is conveniently near a bus-stop. 我家离公共汽车站不远, 非常方便./ˈkɒnvənt; <i>US</i> -vent; `kɑnvɛnt/ n building(s) in which a community of nuns lives 女修道院: enter a convent, ie become a nun 当修女 * [attrib 作定语] a convent school, ie one run by nuns 修女会开办的学校. Cf 参看 monastery, nunnery (nun)./kənˈvenʃn; kən`vɛnʃən/ n  1 [C] conference of members of a profession, political party, etc （某一职业、政党等之人士召开的）大会: a teachers', dentists', etc convention 教师的、牙科医生的会议 * hold a convention 召开大会 * the US Democratic Party Convention, ie to elect a candidate for President 美国民主党代表大会（会上选出总统候选人）.  2 (a) [U] general, usu unspoken, agreement about how people should act or behave in certain circumstances （某种情况下的）习俗, 惯例: Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规大臣在这种情况下应该辞职. * By convention the deputy leader is always a woman. 按照惯例这一领导人的副职总是由女子担任. * defy convention by wearing outrageous clothes 穿着奇装异服以对抗习俗 * a slave to convention, ie sb who always follows accepted ways of doing things 传统的奴隶（墨守成规的人）. (b) [C] customary practice 惯常作法; 惯例: the conventions which govern stock-market dealing 证券交易所遵循的惯例.  3 [C] agreement between states, rulers, etc that is less formal than a treaty （国家、首脑等之间的）协议, 协定: the Geneva Convention, ie about the treatment of prisoners of war, etc （关于战俘待遇等问题的）日内瓦协定./kənˈvenʃənl; kən`vɛnʃənl/ adj  1 (a) (often derog 常作贬义) based on convention(2a) 依照惯例的; 约定俗成的; 因循守旧的: conventional clothes, behaviour 老一套的衣物、行为 * She's so conventional in her views. 她的观点太保守. * He made a few conventional remarks about the weather. 他说了几句关于天气的客套话. * The conventional wisdom is that high wage rises increase inflation, ie That is the generally accepted view. 人们普遍认同的看法是工资增长过快会加剧通货膨胀. (b) following what is traditional or customary 依照传统的; 符合习俗的: a conventional design, method 传统的式样、方法.  2 (esp of weapons) not nuclear （尤指武器）常规的, 非核的: conventional missiles, warfare, etc 常规的导弹、战争等 * a conven-tional power station, ie fuelled by oil or coal, rather than being powered by a nuclear reactor 使用普通燃料的发电厂（以石油或煤为燃料而非使用核动力的）.=> conventionalize/kənˌvenʃənˈlətɪ; kənˌvɛnʃən`ælətɪ/ n (a) [U] conventional quality or character 传统性; 因循性: the timid conventionality of his designs 他在设计中对传统的亦步亦趋. (b) [C] conventional remark, attitude, etc 因循守旧的言语、态度等./kənˈvenʃənəlaɪz; kən`vɛn-ʃənlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) conventional 使（某人[某事物]）符合惯例./-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adv: conventionally dressed, designed, etc 传统穿戴的、式样的等./kənˈvɜːdʒ; kən`vɝdʒ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth); ~ (at sth) (of lines, moving objects, etc) (come towards each other and) meet at a point （指线条、运动的物体等）会于一点, 向一点会合; 聚集: armies converging on the capital city 向首都集结的各路军队 * Parallel lines converge at infinity. 平行线永不相交. * Enthusiasts from around the world converge on (ie come to) Le Mans for the annual car race. 热心的观众从世界各地涌到勒芒市观看一年一度的汽车比赛.  2 [I] (fig 比喻) (tend to) become similar or identical （趋于）相似或相同: Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge. 我们原来相互对立的观点开始趋于一致. * Some say that capitalism and socialism will eventually converge. 有人说资本主义和社会主义最终会合而为一. /kənˈvɜːdʒəns; kən`vɝdʒəns/ n [U].convergent/ kEn5v\:dVEnt; kEn`v[dVEnt/ adj: convergentlines, opinions 相交的线条; 趋于一致的意见. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 diverge./kənˈvɜːsnt; kən`vɚsnt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; familiar with sth （对某事物）精通, 熟悉: thoroughly conversant with all the rules 对所有的规则了如指掌./ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn; ˌkɑnvɚ`seʃən/ n ~ (with sb) (about sth) (a) [C] informal talk 交谈; 谈话; 谈天: having a quiet conversation with a friend 跟朋友静静地谈天 * She tended to monopolize the conversation. 她说个没完, 使别人插不上嘴. (b) [U] informal talking 交谈; 谈话; 谈天: He was deep in conversation with his accountant. 他与会计深入交谈. * It can be very difficult, making conversation at a party, ie trying to think of things to say. 在聚会时有时很难找话题跟人应酬. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj (a) [attrib 作定语] of talking 谈话的: her limited conversational powers 她那有限的口才. (b) appropriate to conversation; colloquial 适用于会话的; 口语的: a conversational tone, manner, etc 会话语调、方式等./-ʃənəlɪst; -ʃənlɪst/ n talker 交谈者: a fluent conversationalist 健谈的人./kənˈvɜːs; kən`vɝs/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb) (about sth); ~ (together) (fml 文) talk 交谈: She sat conversing with the President. 她坐着与总统交谈.

/ˈkɒnvɜːs; `kɑnvɝs/ the converse n [sing]  1 the opposite 相反的事物: He says she is satisfied, but I believe the converse to be true: she is very dissatisfied. 他说她已心满意足了, 不过我认为实际情况相反: 她很不满意.  2 (in logic) statement made by reversing two elements of another statement （逻辑学）反题（将一语句中的两个成分颠倒後所成的语句）: `He is happy but not rich' is the converse of `He is rich but not happy'. ｀他乐而不富＇是｀他富而不乐＇的反题.

adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] opposite to sth 与（某事物）相反的; 逆的: They hold converse opinions. 他们持相反意见. adv: You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid. 可以将液体加到粉末里, 或者相反, 将粉末加到液体里./kənˈvɜːʃn; <i>US</i> kənˈvɜːrʒn; kən`vɝʒən/ n ~ (from sth) (into/to sth)   1 [U] converting or being converted 转变; 变换: the conversion of a barn into a house, of pounds into dollars 仓房之改建为寓所、英镑之兑换成美元 * Conversion to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 改用煤气集中供暖将节省大笔开支. * [attrib 作定语] a metric conversion table, ie showing how to change metric amounts into or out of another system, by calculation 公制换算表.  2 [C] instance of this 转变: a building firm which specializes in house conversions, eg converting large houses into several flats 专营改建房屋的建筑公司（如将大房屋改建为几个单元者） * He kicked a penalty goal and two conversions, ie in Rugby football. 他一次罚球得分, 两次触地後射门得分（在橄榄球赛中）. * He used to support monetarist economics, but he underwent quite a conversion (ie changed his opinion) when he saw how it increased unemployment. 他一向赞同货币经济理论, 然而当他看到这种理论加重了失业现象之後, 他彻底改变了看法./kənˈvɜːt; kən`vɝt/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another 改变（某事物）的形式或用途: Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971. 英国于1971年改行十进制货币体系. * a ferry that was converted to carry troops during the war 战争期间改作运兵船的渡轮 * a converted flat, ie made by dividing up a large house 改建而成的一套房间（将大的房屋分隔而成者） * convert rags into paper, a house into flats, pounds into francs 用碎布屑造纸、把一所房屋改建成几个单元、把英镑兑换成法郎 * The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory. 这房间由厨房改成了厕所. (b) [Ipr] ~ into/to sth be able to be changed from one form or use to another 可改变形式或用途: a sofa that converts (in) to a bed 可改为床铺的沙发.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (from sth) (to sth) change one's beliefs, esp one's religion; persuade sb to change his beliefs （使）改变信仰（尤指宗教信仰）: He's converted to Catholicism. 他已皈依天主教. * convert sb from atheism to Christianity 使某人放弃无神论, 改信基督教.  3 [Tn] (in Rugby football) gain extra points after scoring (a try) by kicking a goal （在橄榄球赛中）（触地得分後再射）踢中球门获得附加分.  4 (idm 习语) preach to the converted => preach.

/ˈkɒnvɜːt; `kɑnvɝt/ n ~ (to sth) person converted to a different belief, esp a different religion 改变信仰（尤指宗教信仰）的人; 皈依者: a convert to socialism 改而信奉社会主义的人 * Already the new newspaper is winning/gaining converts, ie people who used to read other newspapers. 这家新报纸已经逐渐把其他报纸的读者争取过来.ns  1 (physics 物) (a) device for converting alternating current to direct current or vice versa 变流器, 逆变器. (b) device that changes the wavelength of a radio signal 变频器.  2 vessel for refining molten metal 转炉（冶炼金属的容器）./kənˌvɜːtəˈbɪlətɪ; kənˌvɝtə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. convertible n car with a roof that can be folded down or removed 摺篷汽车./kənˈvɜːtəbl; kən`vɝtəbl/ adj ~ (into/to sth) that can be converted 可改变的; 可转换的; 可兑换的: a sofa that is convertible (into a bed) 可改（为床铺）的沙发 * convertible currencies, ie that can be exchanged for those of other countries 可兑换的货币.=> converter/ˈkɒnveks; `kɑnvɛks/ adj with a curved surface like the outside of a ball 凸圆的; 凸面的: a convex lens, mirror, etc 凸透镜; 凸面镜等. =>illus at concave 见concave之插图. Cf 参看 concave./kɒnˈveksətɪ; kən`vɛksətɪ/ n [U] state of being convex 凸; 凸状./kənˈveɪ; kən`ve/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from...) (to...) (fml 文) take sb/sth; carry sb/sth; transmit sb/sth 运载; 运送某人[某物]: Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators. 通过管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里. * This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载人又载货. * a message conveyed by radio 由无线电传递的讯息.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) make (ideas, feelings, etc) known to another person 表达或传达（思想、感情等）: a poem that perfectly conveys (to the reader) the poet's feelings/what the poet feels （向读者）充分地表达出诗人思想感情的诗篇 * Words cannot convey how delighted I was. 言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦. * Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向您母亲转达我的祝愿. * Blenkinsop? No, the name doesn't convey anything to me, ie I do not know or recognize it.  Blenkinsop?我不知道这个名字.  3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (law 律) transfer full legal rights to the ownership of (land, property, etc) to sb 转让（土地、财产等）./kənˈveɪəns; kən`veəns/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) conveying 运送; 传送; 传达; 转让: the conveyance of goods by rail 铁路货运.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing that conveys; vehicle 运输设备; 运载工具; 车辆: old-fashioned conveyances 老式运载工具 * a public conveyance 公共运输设备.  3 (law 律) (a) [U] conveying property 转让财产: an expert in conveyance 承办产权转让事务的专家. (b) [C] document that conveys property 产权转让证书: draw up a conveyance 拟就产权转让证书.n person who prepares conveyances (conveyance 3b) 备办产权转让证书的人员.n [U] conveying of property 财产的转让.=> conveyorns person or thing that conveys 运送者; 传送者; 传达者; 转让者; 运输设备; 传送装置: one of the largest conveyors of passenger traffic 最大的客运工具之一. con`veyor belt (also conveyor) continuous belt or band that moves on rollers and is used for transporting loads (eg products in a factory, luggage at an airport) 传送带./kənˈvɪkt; kən`vɪkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (of a jury or judge) declare in a lawcourt that sb is guilty (of a crime) （指陪审团或法官）宣判某人有（...）罪: She has twice been convicted (of fraud). 她已有两次被判（诈骗）罪. * a convicted murderer 已定罪的谋杀犯.

/ˈkɒnvɪkt; `kɑnvɪkt/ (also infml 口语亦作 con) n person who has been convicted of crime and is being punished, esp by imprisonment 已决犯; （已定罪并服刑的, 尤指监禁的）囚犯: an escaped convict 逃犯./kənˈvɪkʃn; kən`vɪkʃən/ n  1 ~ (for sth) (a) [U] the convicting of a person for a crime 定罪; 科刑: an offence which carries, on conviction, a sentence of not more than five years' imprisonment 定罪後可判处五年以下监禁的罪行. (b) [C] instance of this 定罪: She has six convictions for theft. 她有六次因盗窃而被判刑.  2 [U, C] ~ (that...) firm opinion or belief 坚定的看法或信仰: It's my conviction (ie I firmly believe) that complacency is at the root of our troubles. 我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源. * Do you always act in accordance with your convictions? 你是否一贯地本着你的信念行事?  3 [U] believable quality 可信性: She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction/didn't carry much conviction. 她以前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信.  4 (idm 习语) be open to conviction => open1. have/lack the courage of one's convictions => courage./kənˈvɪns; kən`vɪns/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) make sb feel certain; cause sb to realize 使某人确信; 使某人明白: How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢? * What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 她的一番话使我认识到我错了. * I was convinced (ie sure) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 我原来真以为看见你在那里, 一定是看错了人.  2 [Cn.t] (esp US) persuade 说服: What convinced you to vote for them? 究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票?adj [attrib 作定语] firm in one's belief 坚信不移的; 有坚定信仰的: a convinced Christian 虔诚的基督徒./kənˈvɪnsəbl; kən`vɪnsəbl/ adj willing to be convinced 可被说服的; 可喻之以理的.adj that convinces 令人信服的: a convincing speech, argument, liar 有说服力的讲话、言之成理的论据、很能蛊惑人的瞎话大王等. convincingly adv: a convincingly argued statement 雄辩的陈辞./kənˈvɪvɪəl; kən`vɪvɪəl/ adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语)  1 cheerful and sociable; fond of being with others 愉快而随和的; 好交际的: convivial companions 喜欢交际的朋友.  2 full of shared pleasure and friendliness 联欢的; 联谊的: a convivial evening, atmosphere 欢乐的夜晚、气氛./kənˌvɪvɪˈælətɪ; kənˌvɪvɪ`ælətɪ/ n [U]  1 cheerfulness; sociability 欢乐; 交游.  2 shared pleasure, esp with drinking and eating 联欢（尤指饮宴作乐）./-ɪəlɪ; -ɪəlɪ/ adv./ˌkɒnvəˈkeɪʃn; ˌkɑnvə`keʃən/ n  1 [CGp] formal assembly, esp the legislative body of the Church of England or of the graduates of some universities （正式的）集会（尤指英国国教会制定规章的机构的会议或某些大学的毕业生评议会）: Convocation has/have ruled that... 会议规定如下....  2 [U] (fml 文) convoking; calling together 召集./kənˈvəʊk; kən`vok/ v [Tn] (fml 文) call together or summon (a meeting, etc) 召集, 召开（会议等）: convoke Parliament 召开国会./ˈkɒnvəluːtɪd; `kɑnvəˌlutɪd/ adj  1 coiled; twisted 盘绕的; 卷曲的: the convoluted folds of the brain 盘绕成团的脑回.  2 (fig 比喻) complicated and difficult to follow 复杂的; 费解的: a convoluted argument, explanation, etc 玄之又玄的论点、解释等./ˌkɒnvəˈluːʃn; ˌkɑnvə`luʃən/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) coil; twist 盘绕; 拳曲: ornate carving with lots of curves and convolutions 有很多曲线和　旋的雕饰 * (fig 比喻) the bizarre convolutions of the plot 情节的离奇曲折./kənˈvɒlvjʊləs; kən`vɑlvjələs/ n (pl ~es) [C, U] type of twining plant with trumpet-shaped flowers 旋花植物（开喇叭状的花）./ˈkɒnvɔɪ; `kɑnvɔɪ/ n  1 (a) group of vehicles or ships travelling together 车队; 船队: a large convoy of coal lorries 由运煤卡车组成的庞大车队. (b) group of vehicles or ships being escorted for protection while travelling 被护送的车队或船队: The convoy was attacked by submarines. 被护送的船队受到了潜水艇的攻击.  2 (idm 习语) in `convoy (of travelling vehicles) as a group; together （指行进中的交通工具）组成一队; 结队: The supply ships travelled in convoy. 补给船结队航行. under `convoy escorted by a protecting force 在护卫下: The missiles were moved under convoy. 导弹在护卫之下转移.

/ˈkɒnvɔɪ; `kənvɔɪ/ v [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (esp of a warship) travel with (other ships) in a group to protect them; escort 尤指战舰为（其他船只）护航: The troop ships were convoyed across the Atlantic. 运兵船被护送渡过大西洋. * (fig 比喻) parents taking it in turns to convoy children to and from school while the attacker was on the losse 在该暴徒仍逍遥法外期间, 轮流护送孩子往返学校的家长./kənˈvʌls; kən`vʌls/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause (sb/sth) to make sudden violent uncontrollable movements 使（某人[某事物]）剧烈震动: convulsed with laughter, anger, toothache 笑得前仰後合、气得暴跳如雷、牙齿疼得使脸抽搐变形 * a country convulsed by earthquakes 遭受震灾的国家 * (fig 比喻) Riots convulsed the cities, ie caused violent disturbance. 动乱震撼着这些城市./kənˈvʌlʃn; kən`vʌlʃən/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) sudden violent uncontrollable body movement, caused by contraction of muscles 痉挛; 抽搐: The child reacted to the drug by going into convulsions. 这孩子全身痉挛, 对药物有反应.  2 violent disturbance 大乱; 乱子: The leader's assassination led to political convulsions, eg an attempt at revolution. 领导人遇剌引起了政治动乱.  3 convulsions [pl] uncontrollable laughter 捧腹大笑: The story was so funny it had us in convulsions. 这故事滑稽极了, 使我们笑得不亦乐乎./kənˈvʌlsɪv; kən`vʌlsɪv/ adj  1 having, producing or consisting of convulsions （产生）痉挛的; 抽搐的: a convulsive movement, spasm, etc 抽搐的动作、发作等.  2 violently disturbing 大乱的: convulsive upheavals, such as urban riots 大动荡, 如城市动乱. adv./ˈkəʊnɪ; `konɪ/ n (pl conies)  1 [U] fur of the rabbit used to make coats, etc （做大衣等用的）兔毛皮.  2 [C] (arch 古) rabbit 兔子./kuː; ku/ v (pt, pp cooed/ ku:d; kud/, pres p cooing)  1 [I] (of a dove or pigeon) make its characteristic soft cry （指鸽子）发咕咕声.  2 (infml 口) (a) [I] make a soft murmuring sound like that of a dove 发类似鸽叫的细语声: a baby cooing 婴儿的细语. (b) [Tn] say (sth) in a soft murmur 柔声地说: `It will be all right,' she cooed soothingly. ｀就会好起来的,＇她轻柔地安慰说.  3 (idm 习语) bill and coo => bill2.

n (pl coos) soft murmuring sound (like that) of a dove 鸽子的咕咕声; 喁喁细语声.

/kuː; ku/ interj (Brit infml 口) (used to express surprise 用以表示惊讶) ./kʊk; kᴜk/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) prepare (food) by heating, eg boiling, baking, roasting, frying 烹调（如煮、焙、烤、炸）; 做饭菜: Where did you learn to cook? 你在哪里学的烹饪? * These potatoes aren't (properly) cooked! 这些马铃薯还没熟（透）! * a cooked breakfast 做好了的早餐 * He cooked me my dinner. 他给我做了饭. * I like to cook (Chinese dishes) for my family. 我喜欢给家里人做（中国菜）饭.(b) [I] be prepared in this way 煮, 焙, 烤, 炸; 烹调: The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在做着. * The meat cooks slowly. 肉熟得慢. * These apples cook well, ie taste good when cooked. 这种苹果宜于熟吃. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [Tn] (infml derog 口, 贬) alter (sth) secretly or dishonestly so as to deceive; falsify 窜改（某物）; 捏造: He was sent to prison for cooking the books, ie dishonestly changing the financial records, esp for personal profit. 他因窜改帐目而入狱. * cook the accounts, statistics, figures 窜改账目、统计资料、数字.  3 [I] (used in the continuous tenses 用于进行时态) (infml 口) be planned; happen as a result of plotting 在筹划中; （经过策划而）发生: What's cooking? 发生了什么事? * Everybody is being secretive: there's something cooking. 每个人都鬼鬼祟祟, 一定出了什么事情.  4 (idm 习语) ,cook the `books (infml 口) falsify facts or figures in order to make one's financial position seem better than it really is 伪造帐目; 做假帐. cook sb's `goose (infml 口) ensure that sb fails 使某人彻底失败: When the police found his fingerprints he knew his goose was cooked, ie knew that he would be caught. 警方发现了他的指纹, 他意识到自己已经完了.  5 (phr v) cook sth up (infml 口) invent sth, esp in order to deceive 编造某事物（尤指行骗）: cook up an excuse, a story, a bizarre theory, etc 编造藉口、故事、怪论等.

n  1 person who cooks food 厨师; 厨子; 炊事员: employed as a cook in a hotel 受雇为旅馆厨师 * I'm not much of a cook, ie I don't cook well. 我做不好饭菜. * Were you the cook? ie Did you cook this food? 是你做饭吗? Cf 参看 chef.  2 (idm 习语) ,too many ,cooks ,spoil the `broth (saying 谚) if too many people are involved in sth, it will not be done properly 厨子多了做坏了汤（人多反倒误事）: I know they only meant to help, but it was a case of too many `cooks, I'm afraid. 我知道他们一心想帮忙, 可惜人多反而坏了事.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When cooking we generally use  1 boiling water (in a saucepan) or  2 boiling fat/oil (in a frying-pan) or  3 dry heat (in an oven or under a grill). 使用cook一词时, 一般是指用（1）沸水（置于深锅中）或（2）热的动[植]物油（置于煎锅中）或（3）直接加热（置于烤炉中或烤架上）.  1 We boil vegetables, eggs, rice, etc by covering them with water and heating it. 将蔬菜、鸡蛋、大米等浸于水中煮叫boil. *We steam fish, puddings, etc by placing the food above boiling water. 将鱼、布丁等置于沸水上蒸叫steam.  *2 Meat, fish, vegetables, etc can be fried in shallow oil or fat. 将肉、鱼、蔬菜等放在少许植物油或动物油里煎叫fry. *Chips, chicken pieces, etc can be completely covered by oil and deep-fried. 将土豆条、鸡块等完全浸入油中炸叫deep-fry. *We saute vegetables very quickly in a small amount of oil. 用少量油将蔬菜很快一炒叫saute.  *3 We roast large pieces of meat, potatoes, etc and we bake bread, cakes, etc in the oven. 在烤箱里烘烤大块的肉、土豆等叫roast, 烘烤面包、糕饼等叫bake. *Small or flat pieces of meat, fish, etc are grilled (US broiled) by being placed under direct heat. 将小块的或切成片的肉、鱼等置于发热器下面烘烤叫grill（美式英语叫broil）. *Boil, fry, roast and bake can be used in two types of sentence *boil、fry、roast、bake可用于以下两种句型: We boil potatoes and The potatoes are boiling. Steam, saute and grill are generally only used in the first pattern. *steam、saute、grill一般只用于以上第一种句型. With boil we often use the container to refer to its contents 用boil时常以容器借代其所盛之物: The kettle's boiling. 锅开了.n = cookery book (cookery)./ˈkʊkə(r); `kᴜkɚ/ n  1 kitchen appliance for cooking, consisting of an oven with a hob on top and often also a grill 炉具（包括炉子、炉子上的搁架, 常带有烤架）: a `gas cooker 煤气炉 * an e`lectric cooker 电炉. Cf 参看 stove 1.  2 type of fruit, esp an apple, grown for cooking 烹饪用的水果（尤指苹果）: These apples are good cookers. 这些苹果宜于烹饪. Cf 参看 eating apple (eat)./ˈkʊkərɪ; `kᴜkərɪ/ n [U] art and practice of cooking 烹调技术; 烹饪方法: [attrib 作定语] a cookery course, school, etc 烹饪课程、学校等.book giving recipes and instructions on cooking 烹饪书; 食谱.n detached or outdoor kitchen, eg in a camp 独立的或露天的厨房（如野营时搭盖的厨房）./ˈkʊkɪ; `kᴜkɪ/ (pl -kies) n (US)  1 biscuit 饼乾.  2 (infml 口) person 人; 家伙: He's a tough cookie. 他是个硬汉子.  3 (idm 习语) that's the way the cookie crumbles => way1.n [U] process of preparing food by heating 烹调过程; 烹饪方法: She does all the cooking. 烹饪的事都由她做. * Chinese `cooking 中国式烹饪 * [attrib 作定语] `cooking apples, sherry, etc, ie apples, sherry, etc suitable for cooking rather than eating raw or drinking 烹饪用的苹果、雪利酒等./kuːl; kul/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) fairly cold; not hot or warm 凉的; 不热的: a cool breeze, day, surface 凉爽的微风、一天、表面 * cool autumn weather 秋凉天气 * Let's sit in the shade and keep cool. 咱们坐在荫凉处乘乘凉吧. * The coffee's not cool enough to drink. 咖啡还不够凉, 不能喝. (b) giving a (usu pleasant) feeling of being not too warm 凉快的; 凉爽的: a cool room, dress, etc 凉爽的房间、连衣裙等 * a cool cotton shirt 凉快的棉布衬衫. (c) (of colours) suggesting coolness （指颜色）给人以凉爽感觉的, 冷色的: a room painted in cool greens and blues 涂上能给人以凉爽感觉的绿色和蓝色的房间.  2 calm; unexcited 冷静的; 镇定的: Keep cool! 保持冷静! * She always remains cool, calm and collected in a crisis. 她在危难中总能保持冷静、平静和镇静. * He has a cool head, ie doesn't get agitated. 他头脑冷静（不易冲动）.  3 ~ (about sth); ~ (towards sb) not showing interest, enthusiasm or friendliness 冷淡的; 冷漠的; 冷冰冰的: She was decidedly cool about the proposal. 她对这个提议漠然置之. * They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception. 他们很冷淡地接待了这位首相.  4 calmly bold or impudent 满不在乎的; 厚颜无耻的: You should have seen the cool way she took my radio without even asking. 你没瞧见她那满不在乎的样子, 连问也不问就把我的收音机拿走了.  5 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (said esp of sums of money, distances, etc, emphasizing their largeness 附加于钱、距离等数目之 前以强调其数目之大): The car cost a cool twenty thousand. 这辆汽车足足两万元.  6 (dated sl 旧, 俚 esp US) pleasant; fine 令人愉快的; 棒的: Her guy's real cool. 她的男朋友真帅.  7 (idm 习语) (as) ,cool as a `cucumber very calm and controlled, esp in difficult circumstances （尤指在困难情况下）从容不迫的; 泰然自若的. a cool `customer (infml 口) calmly bold or impudent person 行若无事的人; 无耻之徒: She just took out her purse and paid a thousand in cash: what a cool customer! 她从容地掏出钱夹付了一千镑现金, 多么豪爽! play it `cool (infml 口) deal calmly with a situation; not get excited 泰然处之.

n  1 the cool [sing] cool air or place; coolness 凉爽的空气或地方; 凉快: step out of the sun into the cool 到荫凉处去躲避烈日 * the pleasant cool of the evening 傍晚时的凉爽宜人.  2 (idm 习语) keep/lose one's cool (infml 口) remain calm/get excited, angry, etc 保持冷静[情不自禁、怒不可遏]等.

/kuːl; kul/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (down/off) become or make cool or cooler （使）变凉: The hot metal contracts as it cools (down). 热的金属一冷（下来）就收缩. * Let the hot pie cool (off) before serving. 热馅饼凉了再吃. * A cooling drink is welcome on a hot day. 在热天清凉饮料很受欢迎. * (fig 比喻) Her unresponsiveness failed to cool his ardour. 她对他无动于衷, 这并未能冷却他的感情.  2 (idm 习语) `cool it (sl 俚) calm down 冷静下来: Cool it! Don't get so excited! 静一静吧! 别那么激动! ,cool one's `heels be kept waiting 等下去: Let him cool his heels for a while: that'll teach him to be impolite. 让他等一会儿吧, 好教训教训他别那么没礼貌.  3 (phr v) cool (sb) down/off (cause sb to) become calm, less excited or less enthusiastic （使某人）冷静、镇静或降低热情: She's very angry; don't speak to her until she's cooled down a bit. 她气极了, 等她消消气再跟她说话. * A day in jail cooled him off. 一天的铁窗生活使他冷静了下来.adj calm; not flustered or excitable 头脑冷静的; 不慌不忙的./ˈkuːlənt; `kulənt/ n [C, U] (type of) fluid used for cooling (eg in nuclear reactors) 冷却剂./ˈkuːlə(r); `kulɚ/ n  1 [C] container in which things are cooled 冷却器: a wine cooler 冰酒器.  2 the cooler [sing] (sl 俚) prison 牢房: two years in the cooler 两年监禁./ˈkuːlɪ; `kulɪ/ n (dated <!> derog 旧, 讳, 贬) unskilled Asian labourer （亚洲的）苦力.large container used in industry to cool water before it is re-used 冷却塔.period (in industrial disputes) compulsory delay before a strike, to allow a compromise to be reached （劳资纠纷中的）冷却期./ˈkuːllɪ; `kullɪ/ adv in a cool1(3) way 冷淡地; 冷漠地; 冷冰冰地: He received my suggestion coolly, ie unenthusiastically. 他对待我的建议十分冷淡.n [U] quality of being cool1(3) 冷淡; 冷漠; 冷冰冰: I noticed a certain coolness (ie lack of friendliness) between them. 我察觉到他们彼此有些冷淡./kuːn; kun/ n  1 (infml 口 esp US) raccoon 浣熊: [attrib 作定语] a coon-skin cap 浣熊皮的帽子.  2 (<!> sl derog 讳, 俚, 贬) black person 黑人./kuːp; kup/ n cage for poultry （家禽的）笼子.

v (phr v) coop sb/sth up (in sth) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) restrict the freedom of sb/sth by keeping him/it inside; confine sb/sth 将某人[某物]关入（...内）以限制其自由; 拘禁某人[某物]: I've been cooped up indoors all day. 我在屋里关了一整天.

/kuːp; kup/ n cage for poultry （家禽的）笼子.

v (phr v) coop sb/sth up (in sth) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) restrict the freedom of sb/sth by keeping him/it inside; confine sb/sth 将某人[某物]关入（...内）以限制其自由; 拘禁某人[某物]: I've been cooped up indoors all day. 我在屋里关了一整天./ˈkuːpə(r); `kupɚ/ n maker of barrels 桶匠.=> co-operate=> co-operation=> co-operative=> co-opt=> co-ordinate/kuːt; kut/ n  1 type of water-bird with a white spot on the forehead 蹼鸡, 白骨顶（额上有白斑的一种水鸟）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.  2 (idm 习语) bald as a coot => bald./kɒp; kɑp/ n (sl 俚) policeman （男）警察.

/kɒp; kɑp/ v (-pp-) (sl 俚)  1 [Tn] receive (sth); suffer 获得（某事物）; 遭受: He copped a nasty whack on the head. 他头上受一重击. * The heavy rain missed the north of the country altogether, and the south copped the lot. 该国南部大雨滂沱而北部却滴雨未落.  2 (a) [Tn, Tng] discover (sb) in the act of doing sth wrong; catch 发现（某人）在干坏事; 抓住: If I cop you cheating again you'll be in trouble. 我要再发现你骗人, 决不轻饶. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) arrest sb 逮捕某人: He was copped for speeding. 他因超速行车被捕.  3 (idm 习语) cop hold of sth take hold of sth; grasp sth 握住某物; 抓住某物: Here, cop hold of the screwdriver while I try the hammer. 喂, 握住这把改锥, 我用　头试试. `cop it be punished 受罚: When he finds out who broke his radio, you'll really cop it! 要是他知道了是谁把他的收音机弄坏了, 准够你受的!  4 (phr v) cop `out (of sth) (derog 贬) fail to do what one ought to do, esp through fear 退避, 　避, 逃避（尤指因恐惧）: He was boasting about how brave he was at the start, but copped out (of it) at the finish. 他起初夸耀自己勇敢, 到头来却打了退堂鼓.

n (idm 习语) a fair cop => fair1. not much `cop (sl 俚) not very good 不太好: He's not much cop as a boxer. 他是个蹩脚的拳击手.n (sl derog 俚, 贬) act of or excuse for copping out 逃避的行为或藉口: The TV debate was a cop-out: it didn't tackle any of the real issues. 电视辩论不过是虚晃一枪, 并未解决任何实际问题./ˌkəʊˈpɑːtnə(r); ko`pɑrtnɚ/ n partner or associate in a business （企业的）合伙人.n  1 [U] system of having copartners in business （企业的）合伙.  2 [C] pair or group of copartners 一对或一群合伙者./kəʊp; kop/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) manage successfully; be able to deal with sth difficult 对付; （善于）处理（棘手之事）: cope with problems, difficulties, misfortune, etc 对付问题、困难、灾祸等 * Her husband's left her and the kids are running wild, so it's not surprising that she can't cope. 她丈夫离开了她, 孩子们又不听管教, 难怪她束手无策. * There was too much work for our computer to cope with. 我们的计算机要干的工作太多, 简直应接不暇.

/kəʊp; kop/ n long loose cloak worn by priests on some special occasions （教士在某些场合穿的）斗篷式长袍./ˈkəʊpek, ˈkɒpek; `kopɛk/ n unit of currency in the former Soviet Union; 100th part of a rouble 戈比（前苏联货币单位, 为一卢布的百分之一）./kəˈpɜːnɪkən; ko`pɝnɪkən/ adj of Copernicus/ kE5p\:nIkEs; ko`p[nIkEs/ (1473-1543), a Polish astronomer,who was the first to propose the theory that the planets move around the sun 哥白尼的（哥白尼, 1473-1543年, 波兰天文学家, 日心说的创始人）: the Copernican system 哥白尼体系.n machine that makes copies of documents on paper, esp by photographing them 复印机.=> co-pilot/ˈkəʊpɪŋ; `kopɪŋ/ n (architecture 建) top row of bricks or masonry, usu sloping, on a wall （墙上端的）压顶, 盖顶.n (esp Brit) stone used in a coping 压顶石: (fig fml 比喻, 文) The final scene is the coping-stone of the play, ie, the climax, which completes it appropriately. 这个剧的最後一场是压轴戏./ˈkəʊpɪəs; `kopɪəs/ adj  1 plentiful; abundant 丰富的; 大量的: copious flowers, tears, words 许多花、眼泪、话 * She supports her theory with copious evidence. 她以大量的例证来充实自己的理论. * I took copious notes. 我作了详细的笔记.  2 (of a writer) writing or having written much; prolific （指作家）多产的: a copious writer of detective stories 写侦探小说的多产作家. adv./ˈkɒpə(r); `kɑpɚ/ n  1 [U] chemical element, a common reddish-brown metal 铜; 紫铜; 红铜: the mining of copper in central Africa 中部非洲的铜矿开采业 * Is the pipe copper or lead? 这管子是铜的呢还是铅的? * [attrib 作定语] a copper pipe, wire, alloy, etc 铜管、丝、合金等 * her copper-coloured hair 她那红棕色的头发. =>App 10 见附录10.  2 [C] (esp Brit) coin made of copper or a copper alloy 铜币: It only costs a few coppers, ie is cheap. 这只值几个铜板（很便宜）.  3 [C] (esp Brit) large metal vessel, esp one in which clothes were formerly washed by boiling 大锅（尤指旧时用以煮洗衣物的）. Cf 参看 boiler 3.

/ˈkɒpə(r); `kɑpɚ/ n (infml 口) policeman （男）警察.type of beech tree with copper-coloured leaves 紫叶山毛榉.adj (esp Brit) safe in every way; certain not to fail 绝对安全的; 万无一失的:  a copper-bottomed guarantee, assurance, deal, etc 可靠的保证、绝对的把握、毫无风险的交易.n poisonous snake found in the US  铜头蛇（一种毒蛇, 产于美国）.n polished copper plate on which designs, etc are engraved 铜凹版（镌刻有图案等的抛光铜板）. ,copperplate `writing, handwriting (also copperplate) neat old-fashioned formal handwriting with looped sloping letters that are joined to each other 铜版体（一种老式手写体, 笔画匀称、倾斜、互相连接）./ˈkɒpɪs; `kɑpɪs/ n = copse./ˈkɒprə; `kɑprə/ n [U] dried coconut, from which oil is extracted to make soap, etc 乾椰子仁（可榨油以制肥皂等）./kɒps; kɑps/ (also coppice) n small area of woodland with thick undergrowth and trees 矮林; 萌生林./kɒpt; kɑpt/ n  1 member of the Coptic Church 科普特教徒.  2 Egyptian who is descended from the ancient Egyptians 科普特人（古埃及人後裔的埃及人）./ˈkɒptɪk; `kɑptɪk/ adj of the Copts 科普特教徒的; 科普特人的: Coptic language, traditions 科普特语、传统.  n [U] language used in the Coptic Church （科普特教会使用的）科普特语./ˈkɒpjʊlə; `kɑpjələ/ n (grammar) type of verb that connects a subject with its complement 系词（即连系动词, 用以连结主语及其补语）: In `George became ill', the verb `became' is a copula. 在Georgebecameill一句中, became是系词./ˈkɒpjʊleɪt; `kɑpjəˌlet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) (esp of animals) have sexual intercourse （尤指动物）交配, 交尾: The male bird performs a sort of mating dance before copulating with the female. 这种雄鸟在与雌鸟交尾以前要跳一种交欢舞./ˌkɒpjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌkɑpjə`leʃən/ n [U] act of copulating 交配; 交尾./ˈkɒpjʊlətɪv; <i>US</i> -leɪtɪv; `kɑpjəˌletɪv/ adj (fml 文) having a connecting function 有连系作用的.  n (grammar) word that connects (and implies that meanings are added together 系词; 连系词; 连词; 连接词): `And' is a copulative.  and是连词./ˈkɒpɪ; `kɑpɪ/ n  1 [C] thing made to look like another, esp a reproduction of a letter, picture, etc 复制品（尤指信件的复写件、图片的复印件等）: Is this the original drawing or is it a copy? 这是原画还是模本? * a perfect copy 以假乱真的仿造物 * Make three carbon copies of the letter. 把这信复制三份. * Photocopies cost 6p per copy. 影印文件每份收费6便士.  2 [C] individual example of a book, newspaper, record, etc of which many have been made （书、报纸、唱片等物品的）一本, 一份, 一张, 一件: If you can't afford a new copy of the book, perhaps you can find a second-hand one. 这书要是你买不起新的, 你或许能找到一本旧的. * You receive the top copy of the receipt, and we keep the carbon. 你把这收据上面的原件收下, 我们保留下面的复写件.  3 [U] material that is to be printed 原稿: The journalist has handed in her copy. 这个女记者交了稿. * The government crisis will make good copy, ie will make an interesting or exciting newspaper story. 政府的危机将成为新闻报道的好题材. * We can give you the text on computer disk, or as hard copy, ie as writing or printing on paper. 我们可以给你一份计算机磁盘的文本, 也可以给你一份硬拷贝（手抄本或打印本）.

/ˈkɒpɪ; `kɑpɪ/ v (pt, pp copied)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (down/out) (from sth) (in/into sth) make a written copy(1) of sth 抄写; 复写某物: copy out a letter, ie write it out again completely 缮写出信函的复本 * The teacher wrote the sums on the board, and the children copied them down in their exercise books. 老师把算术题写在黑板上, 学生再抄写在自己的练习本上. * copy notes (from a book, etc) into a notebook 把（书等的）要点抄录在笔记本上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make a copy(1) of (sth) 复制; 复印: copy documents on a photocopier 用复印机复印文件.  2 [Tn] (try to) do the same as (sb else); imitate 仿效, 追随（他人）; 模仿: She's a good writer: try to copy her style. 她是出色的作家, 你不妨学学她的写作风格. * Don't always copy what the others do; use your own ideas. 不要老是蹈袭他人, 你应该有主见.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb) cheat by writing or doing the same thing as sb else 抄袭; 做假: She was punished for copying during the examination. 她因考试抄袭作弊而受到处罚.(US) desk in a newspaper office where copy1(3) is edited and prepared for printing （报社的）编辑办公桌./ˈkɒpɪbʊk; `kɑpɪˌbᴜk/ n  1 exercise book containing models of handwriting for learners to imitate （有书写范例的）习字簿.  2 [attrib 作定语] perfect; textbook 十全十美的; 堪称典范的: It was a copy-book operation by the police; all the criminals were arrested and all the stolen property quickly recovered. 警方这一行动十分漂亮, 将罪犯一网打尽, 迅速起获所有赃物.  3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) unoriginal; commonplace 陈腐的; 平淡无奇的: copy-book maxims, sentiments, etc 陈腐的格言、观点等.  4 (idm 习语) blot one's copy-book => blot2.n (infml derog 口, 贬 ) person who always imitates others 一味模仿他人者.n typist who types out written material （书面材料的）打字员.n person who writes advertising or publicity copy1(3) 广告或宣传文字的撰稿人.n  1 person who makes copies of eg old documents 缮写员（如古旧文件的抄写人员）.  2 imitator 模仿者: This painting is by a copyist. 这幅画出自临模家之手./ˈkɒpɪraɪt; `kɑpɪˌraɪt/ n [U, C] ~ (on sth) exclusive legal right, held for a certain number of years, to print, publish, sell, broadcast, perform, film or record an original work or any part of it 版权: Copyright expires 50 years after the death of the author. 版权在作者死後50年即行终止. * The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍然享有版权, 因此你必须支付引用费. * sued for breach of copyright/for infringing copyright 因侵犯版权被控告 * Who owns the copyright on this song? 谁享有这首歌的版权?

v [Tn] obtain copyright for (a book, etc) 获得（书等）的版权.

adj protected by copyright 受版权保护的: This material is copyright. 本资料享有版权./ˈkɒkɪtrɪ; `kokɪtrɪ/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] flirting 调情; 卖俏. (b) [C] instance of this; flirtatious act 调情; 卖弄风情./kɒˈket; ko`kɛt/ n (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) girl or woman who flirts 卖弄风情的女子./kɒˈketɪʃ; ko`kɛtɪʃ/ adj of or like a coquette 卖弄风情的; 卖俏似的: a coquettish smile, manner 卖弄风情的微笑、样子. adv./ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋgleɪ; <i>US</i>- ɔːŋˈgleɪ; ˌkɔr ɔŋ`ˇle/ (pl cors anglais) (music 音) woodwind instrument similar to the oboe, but larger and playing lower notes 英国管（一种类似双簧管而形状较大, 音调较低的木管乐器）.

/ˌkɔːr ˈɒŋgleɪ; <i>US</i>- ɔːŋˈgleɪ; ˌkɔr ɔŋ`ˇle/ (pl cors anglais) (music 音) woodwind instrument similar to the oboe, but larger and playing lower notes 英国管（一种类似双簧管而形状较大、音调较低的木管乐器）./ˈkɒrəkl; `kɑrəkl/ n small light boat made of wickerwork and covered with watertight materials, used by fishermen on Welsh and Irish rivers and lakes （威尔士及爱尔兰渔民用的）轻便小船（用枝条编成, 覆以防水材料）./ˈkɒrəl; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːrəl; `kɔrəl/ n  1 [U] red, pink or white hard substance formed on the sea bed from the skeletons of tiny animals known as polyps 珊瑚: a necklace made of coral 珊瑚项链.  2 [C] coral-producing animal; polyp 珊瑚虫; 水螅.

adj like coral in colour; pink or red 珊瑚色的; 粉的或红的: coral lipstick 粉红色的口红.island formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚岛.reef formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚礁./ˈkɔːbl; `kɔrbl/ n (architecture 建) stone or timber projection from a wall to support sth (eg an arch) 梁托; 翅托; 托臂./kɔːd; kɔrd/ n  1 [C, U] (piece of) long thin flexible material made of twisted strands, thicker than string and thinner than rope （细）绳: parcels tied with cord 用绳子捆扎的包裹.  2 [C] part of the body like a cord in being long, thin and flexible 身体上细长柔韧有如绳子的部分: the spinal cord 脊髓 * the vocal cords 声带.  3 [C, U] (esp US) = flex.  4 (infml 口) (a) [U] corduroy 灯芯绒: [attrib 作定语] cord trousers, skirts, etc 灯芯绒的裤子、裙子等. (b) cords [pl] corduroy trousers 灯芯绒裤子: a man wearing blue cords 穿蓝色灯芯绒裤的男子.  /ˈkɔːdɪdʒ; `kɔrdɪdʒ/ n [U] cords, ropes, etc, esp the rigging of a ship 绳索（尤指船缆）./ˈkɔːdɪəl; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːrdʒəl; `kɔrdʒəl/ adj  1 sincere and friendly 诚恳的; 热诚的; 亲切的; 友好的: a cordial smile, welcome, handshake, etc 热诚的微笑、欢迎、握手等.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of dislike) strongly felt （指厌恶）深深感到的: cordial hatred, detestation, loathing 无比的憎恨、憎恶、厌恶.

/ˈkɔːdɪəl; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːrdʒəl; `kɔrdʒəl/ n [U, C] (Brit) sweetened non-alcoholic drink typically made from fruit juice （不含酒精的）甜饮料（多由果汁制成）: lime juice cordial 酸橙汁饮料./ˌkɔːdɪˈælətɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːrdʒɪ-; ˌkɔrdʒɪ`ælətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being cordial1(1) 诚恳; 热诚.  2 cordialities [pl] (fml 文) expressions of cordial1(1) feeling 热情友好的表示: After the cordialities, we sat down to talk. 我们热情友好地相互致意, 然後坐下来进行会谈. /-dɪəlɪ; <i>US</i> -dʒəlɪ; -dʒəlɪ/ adv./ˈkɔːdaɪt; `kɔrdaɪt/ n [U] smokeless explosive substance used in bullets, shells, bombs, etc 柯达炸药; （柯达）无烟火药./ˈkɔːdn; `kɔrdn/ n  1 line or ring of policemen, soldiers, etc, esp one which guards sth or prevents people entering or leaving an area （由警察、士兵等组成的）警戒线, 防卫圈: Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon. 示威群众企图突破警察的封锁线.  2 ornamental ribbon or braid of an order1(10a), usu worn across the shoulder （代表勋位的）饰带或穗带（通常斜挂在肩上）; 绶带.  3 fruit-tree with all its side branches cut off so that it grows as a single stem, usu against a wall or along wires （剪去一切枝桠的）单干果树（通常倚墙或沿金属线生长）.

v (phr v) cordon sth off separate or enclose sth by means of a cordon(1) 以警戒线分隔或包围: Police cordoned off the area until the bomb was defused. 警方封锁了这个区域直至拆除炸弹的引信为止./ˌkɔːdɒn ˈblɜː; kɔr`dɔ`bl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (French 法) (of a cook, dish, etc) of the highest standard of skill in cooking, esp classical French cooking （指厨师、菜肴等）第一流手艺的（尤指法国传统烹饪）: cordon bleu cuisine 第一流名厨所治佳肴.

/ˌkɔːdɒn ˈblɜː; kɔr`dɔ`bl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (French 法) (of a cook, dish, etc) of the highest standard of skill in cooking, esp classical French cooking （指厨师、菜肴等）第一流手艺的（尤指法国传统烹饪）: cordon bleu cuisine 第一流名厨所治佳肴./ˈkɔːdərɔɪ; `kɔrdəˌrɔɪ/ n  1 [U] strong cotton cloth covered with parallel soft raised ridges made up of short tufts 灯芯绒: [attrib 作定语] a corduroy jacket 灯芯绒甲克.  2 corduroys [pl] trousers made of this cloth 灯芯绒裤子: a pair of corduroys 一条灯芯绒裤子.(esp US) road made of tree trunks laid side-by-side across swampy land （将树干并排横铺于湿软之地面而成的）木排路./kɔː(r); kɔr/ n  1 (usu hard) centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seeds 果心（如苹果核、梨核）.  2 (a) central part of a magnet or an induction coil 磁铁心; 线圈心. (b) (geology 地质) central part of the planet earth 地核: The earth has a core and a mantle around it. 地球的中心是地核, 地核的周围是地幔. (c) (physics 物) central part of a nuclear reactor, where the fuel rods are kept and the nuclear reaction takes place （核反应堆中的）活性区, 反应堆心. (d) (computing 计) very small magnetizable metal ring used formerly in a computer's memory for storing one bit3 of data （存储器的）磁心. (e) inner strand of an electric cable （电缆的）芯线.  3 most important part of sth 核心: Let's get to the core of the argument. 咱们进入实质性的辩论吧. * This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心. * [attrib 作定语] English is a subject on the core curriculum, ie one which all the students have to do. 英语是一门基础课程.  4 (idm 习语) to the `core right to the centre 达到中心: rotten to the core, ie completely bad 烂透了的 * He is English to the core, ie completely English in manner, speech, dress, etc. 他是地地道道的英国人. * Her refusal shocked us to the core, ie utterly. 她拒绝後我们大吃一惊.

v [Tn] take out the core of (sth) 去掉（某物）的中心部分: core an apple 挖去苹果的果心./kɔː(r); kɔr/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Congress of Racial Equality 争取种族平等大会.=> co-religionist=> co-respondent/ˈkɔːgɪ; `kɔrˇɪ/ n breed of small Welsh dog 柯吉犬（一种小狗, 产于威尔士）./ˌkɒrɪˈændə(r); <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrɪ`ændɚ/ n [U] plant whose leaves and dried seeds are used in cooking, to give a special taste 芫荽; 香菜./kəˈrɪnθɪən; kə`rɪnθɪən/ adj  1 of Corinth/ 5kCrInW; `kRrInW/ in (ancient) Greece （古）希腊科林斯的.  2 (architecture 建) of the most highly decorated of the five classical orders (order1 13) of Greek architecture, incorporating carvings of leaves 科林斯式的（希腊建筑五种古典柱式中最华丽者, 其特徵为饰有叶形的雕花）: a Corinthian column 科林斯圆柱. Cf 参看 Doric, Ionic.

n native of Corinth 科林斯人./kɔːk; kɔrk/ n  1 [U] light springy buoyant substance that is the thick bark of a type of oak tree growing around the Mediterranean 栓皮; 软木: Cork is often used for insulation. 栓皮经常用作绝缘材料. * [attrib 作定语] cork tiles, table mats, etc 软木砖、桌垫等.  2 [C] bottle-stopper made of this 软木瓶塞: draw/pull out the cork 拔出软木塞. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) close or seal (a bottle, barrel, etc) with a cork or sth similar 用软木塞等物封堵（瓶、桶等）: cork a bottle 塞住瓶子.  2 (phr v) cork sth up (infml 口) not express (feelings, etc) 抑制（感情等）: Don't cork it all up: if you feel angry, show it. 别什么都闷在心里, 你有气就发泄出来./ˈkɔːkɪdʒ; `kɔrkɪdʒ/ n [U] charge made by a restaurant for opening wine a customer has bought elsewhere 开瓶费（饭店对顾客自备的酒收取的）.adj (of wine) made bad by a decayed cork （指酒）有腐坏的软木塞异味的.n device for pulling corks from bottles 瓶塞钻（拔软木瓶塞用的）./kɔːm; kɔrm/ n (botany 植) underground reproductivepart of certain plants (eg crocus and gladiolus), similar in appearance to a bulb(1), from which the new stalk grows each year 球茎. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./ˈkɔːmərənt; `kɔrmərənt/ n large, long-necked, dark-coloured bird which lives near sea coasts and eats fish 鸬　. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v./kɔːn; kɔrn/ n  1 [U] (a) (esp Brit) (seed of) any of various grain plants, chiefly wheat, oats, rye and maize; such plants while growing 谷物: grinding corn to make flour 把谷物磨成粉 * a field of corn 一片庄稼 * a `corn-field 庄稼地 * a sheaf of corn 一捆谷物. (b) (esp US) maize 玉蜀黍; 玉米. =>illus 见插图.  2 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) music, verse, drama, etc that is banal, sentimental or hackneyed 平庸、感伤或陈腐的音乐、诗歌、戏剧等: a romantic ballad that is pure corn 极为感伤的浪漫小曲.

/kɔːn; kɔrn/ n  1 small, often painful, area of hardened skin on the foot, esp on the toe 鸡眼.  2 (idm 习语) tread on sb's corns/toes =>tread.maize cooked with all the grains still attached to the stalk （熟的）玉米棒子./pəʊn; pon/ baked or fried maize bread （烤的或煎的）玉米面包.n hard cylindrical part at the top of a maize stalk, on which the grains grow 玉米穗轴. =>illus 见插图.n place where corn is bought and sold 谷物市场./ˈkɔːnɪə; `kɔrnɪə/ n (anatomy 解) transparent outer covering of the eye, which protects the pupil and iris 角膜. =>illus at eye 见eye之插图./ˈkɔːnɪəl; `kɔrnɪəl/ adj of the cornea 角膜的: a corneal graft 角膜移植片./kɔːnd; kɔrnd/ adj (of meat) preserved in salt （指肉）腌制的: corned beef/pork 咸的牛肉[猪肉]./kɔːˈniːlɪən; kɔr`niljən/ n semi-precious stone of a reddish, reddish-brown or white colour 光玉髓（次等宝石, 呈红色、红褐色或白色）./ˈkɔːnə(r); `kɔrnɚ/ n  1 place where two lines, sides, edges or surfaces meet; angle enclosed by two walls, sides, etc that meet 角儿; 角落: A square has four corners; a cube has eight. 正方形有四个角儿; 立方体有八个角儿. * standing at a street corner 站在街角儿上 * the shop on/at the corner 位于街角儿的商店 * In the corner of the room stood a big old chair. 屋角儿放着一把旧的大椅子. * The address is in the top right-hand corner of the letter. 地址在这封信的右上角儿. * When I turned the corner (of the street) he had disappeared. 我拐过街角儿时他已经不见了. * He hit his knee on the corner of the table. 他的膝盖撞在桌子角儿上了. * [attrib 作定语] the corner shop, ie on the corner of two streets 街角儿处的商店.  2 (a) hidden, secret or remote place 隐蔽的、秘密的或偏僻的处所: money hidden in odd corners 藏在秘密地方的钱. (b) region; part; area 区域; 部分; 地区: She lives in a quiet corner of Yorkshire. 她住在约克郡的一个僻静的地区.  3 difficult or awkward situation 困境; 窘况: Having lied that I still had the money, I was in rather a corner when they asked me to hand it over. 因我谎称钱仍在我处, 所以他们要我交出时, 我很尴尬. * She'll need luck to get out of a tight corner like that. 她要靠运气才能摆脱那样的困境. * The interviewer had driven her into a corner. 面试主持人把她追问得很窘.  4 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (in sth) (commerce 商) complete ownership or control of supplies of sth, enabling one to decide its price 囤积; 垄断: a company with a corner in tin ore, wheat, etc 垄断锡矿石、小麦等市场的一家公司.  5 (also `corner-kick) (in soccer) kick from the corner of the field, given to a team when an opposing player kicks the ball over his own goal-line （英式足球）角球.  6 (in boxing and wrestling 拳击或摔跤运动中) (a) any of the four corners of the ring （拳击场及摔跤场的）场角: In the blue corner, Buster Smith. 蓝方, 巴斯特·史密斯. (b) [CGp] group of people (eg trainers) who help a fighter during intervals in the match （比赛休息时向场上队员提供帮助的）辅助人员（如教练员）: His corner advised him to retire. 教练员建议他退场. =>illus at boxing 见boxing之插图.  7 (idm 习语) cut `corners (a) drive round corners in a wide curve rather than at a sharp angle （驾驶时）拐小弯而不拐大弯. (b) do sth in the easiest and quickest way, often by ignoring rules, being careless, etc （做事）走捷径, 图省事（常为忽视规则、粗心大意等）: We've had to cut a few corners to get your visa ready in time. 我们得简化手续才能将你的签证及时办妥. cut (off) a `corner (esp Brit) go across the corner of sth, not properly around it 不绕角儿走而取捷径斜穿: The lawn is damaged here because people cut (off) the corner. 由于人们不绕角儿走而抄近道, 这里的草坪已踩坏了. the four corners of the earth the most distance parts of the the earth 世界各个角落; 天涯海角: Former students of this school are now working in the four corners of the earth. 该校的校友现在世界各地工作. out of the corner of one's eye by looking sharply sideways 瞟; 睨视: I caught sight of her out of the corner of my eye. 我用眼一瞟, 看见了她. (just) round the `corner very near 很近: Her house is (just) round the corner. 她家离此不远. * Good times are just round the corner, ie will soon happen. 好日子近在眼前. turn the `corner pass a critical point in an illness, a period of difficulty, etc and begin to improve （疾病、困难时期等）渡过危险期, 渡过难关.

/ˈkɔːnə(r); `kɔrnɚ/ v  1 [Tn] (a) get (a person or an animal) into a position from which it is hard to escape 使（某人或某动物）走投无路: The escaped prisoner was cornered at last. 那逃犯最後走投无路了. * The runaway horse was cornered in a field. 那匹跑掉的马在田地里被圈住了. (b) put (sb) into a difficult situation 使（某人）陷于困境: The interviewer cornered the politician with a particularly tricky question. 采访者用一个极其巧妙的问题难住了那个政客.  2 [I] (of a vehicle or driver) turn a corner （指车或司机）转弯: The car corners well, ie remains steady on curves. 这车转弯转得很平稳. * Don't corner so fast! 转弯别转得太快!  3 [Tn] (commerce 商) gain monopoly control of (sth) 垄断（某事物）: corner the market in silver 垄断白银市场.n  1 stone that forms the base of a corner of a building, often laid in position at a ceremony 奠基石.  2 (fig 比喻) thing on which sth is built; foundation 基础: Hard work was the corner-stone of his success. 努力奋斗是他成功的基础./ˈkɔːnɪt; `kɔrnɪt/ n  1 brass instrument, like a trumpet but smaller, typically played in brass bands 短号.  2 (Brit) cone-shaped container for ice-cream, made of thin crisp biscuit （盛冰激凌的）圆锥形蛋卷.n [pl] breakfast cereal made of maize that has been crushed and heated to make it crisp 玉米片（一种早餐食品）.n [U] finely ground flour made esp from maize or rice 谷物磨成的粉; （尤指）玉米面, 米粉.n any of various plants growing wild in corn-fields, esp a blue-flowered kind that is also grown in gardens 矢车菊./ˈkɔːnɪs; `kɔrnɪs/ n (architecture 建)  1 ornamental moulding, eg in plaster, round the walls of a room, just below the ceiling 檐口（墙顶上带装饰的突出体, 如用灰泥制的）. =>illus at column 见column之插图.  2 horizontal strip of carved wood or stone along the top of an outside wall （沿外墙的雕木或石刻的）飞檐.  3 overhanging mass of snow or rock on the side of a mountain 雪檐（冻结在悬崖边缘的悬垂的冰雪块; （向外突出的）悬崖./ˈkɔːnɪʃ; `kɔrnɪʃ/ adj of Cornwall （英国）康沃尔郡的.small pie consisting of pastry filled with meat and vegetables 康沃尔馅饼（以肉和菜为馅做成的小点心）.n [U] (US) = cornflour./ˌkɔːnjʊˈkəʊpɪə; ˌkɔrnjə`kopɪə/ n  1 (also horn of plenty) ornamental animal's horn shown in art as overflowing with flowers, fruit and corn, symbolizing abundance 丰饶角（艺术作品中象徵丰饶的羊角, 角内呈现满溢的鲜花、水果及谷物）.  2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) abundant source 富饶之源; 宝藏: The book is a cornucopia of information. 书是知识的宝库./ˈkɔːnɪ; `kɔrnɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) too often heard or repeated; hackneyed 老生常谈的; 陈腐的: a corny joke 老掉牙的笑话. (b) banal; sentimental 平庸乏味的; 多愁善感的: a corny song 伤感的歌曲./kəˈrɒlə; kə`rɑlə/ n (botany 植) ring of petals forming the cup of a flower 花冠./kəˈrɒlərɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɒrəlerɪ; `kɔrəˌlɛrɪ/ n ~ (of/to sth) (fml 文) natural consequence or result; thing that logically must be so, once sth else has been established 自然的结果; 推断: Neither of them knew about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret. 他们两人并不知道这回事, 因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密./kəˈrəʊnə; kə`ronə/ n (pl ~s/ -nEz; -nEz/ ~e/-ni:; -ni/) (also aureola, aureole, halo) (astronomy 天) ring of light seen round the sun or moon, eg during an eclipse 日冕; 日华; 月华./ˈkɒrənrɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːrənerɪ; `kɔrəˌnɛrɪ/ adj (anatomy 解) of the arteries supplying blood to the heart 冠状动脉的: coronary arteries 冠状动脉.(also infml 口语亦作  coronary) blocking of a coronary artery by a clot of blood, damaging the heart and possibly causing death; heart attack 冠状动脉血栓; 心脏病发作./ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`neʃən/ n ceremony of crowning a king, a queen or some other sovereign ruler 加冕礼: the coronation of Elizabeth II 伊丽莎白二世的加冕礼 * [attrib 作定语] the coronation day, robes, coach 加冕日、袍、马车等./ˈkɒrənə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrənɚ/ n official who investigates any violent or suspicious death 验尸官; 死因裁判官.proceedings held by a coroner, at which evidence about a death is presented and a jury gives a verdict on its cause 验尸./ˈkɒrənet; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrənɪt/ n  1 small crown worn by a peer or peeress （贵族戴的）小冠冕.  2 garland of flowers worn on the head （带在头上的）花环.abbr 缩写 =  1 (also Cpl) Corporal: Corp (Simon) Grey （西蒙·）格雷下士.  2 (US) corporation: West Coast Motor Corp 西海岸汽车公司./ˈkɔːpərəl; `kɔrpərəl/ adj (fml 文) of the human body 人体的.

/ˈkɔːpərəl; `kɔrpərəl/ n non-commissioned officer below the rank of sergeant in an army or air force （陆军或空军的）下士. =>App 9 见附录9.physical punishment, eg by whipping, beating 体罚（如鞭打）./ˈkɔːpərət; `kɔrpərɪt/ adj  1 of or shared by all the members of a group; collective 团体的; 共同的: corporate responsibility, action, etc 共同的责任、行动等.  2 of or belonging to a corporation(2a, b) 法人团体的; 公司的: corporate planning policy, etc 公司的计划、方针等 * Corporate executives usually have high salaries. 公司里的管理人员一般享有高薪.  3 united in a single group 结成一个团体的: a corporate body 团体./ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn; ˌkɔrpə`reʃən/ n  1 [CGp] (esp Brit) group of people elected to govern a town; council 市政当局: the Lord Mayor and Corporation of the City of London 伦敦市长及市政当局 * the municipal corporation 市行政机关 * [attrib 作定语] corporation services, transport, refuse collection, etc 市政机关管理的部门、运输、垃圾收集服务等.  2 [CGp] (abbr 缩写 corp) (a) group of people authorized to act as an individual, eg for business purposes 法人团体（如贸易公司）: Broadcasting authorities are often public corporations. 广播事业管理机构一般为公营公司. (b) (esp US) business company 公司: large multinational corporations 大跨国公司.  3 [C] (joc 谑 esp Brit) large fat stomach 大肚皮.tax paid by business companies on profits 公司税./kɔːˈpɔːrɪəl; kɔr`pɔrɪəl/ adj (fml 文)  1 of or for the body; bodily 肉体的; 身体的; 身体所需的: corporeal needs, eg food and drink 维持生命的必需品; 身体的需要（如食物和饮料）.  2 material, rather than spiritual 物质的（与精神的相对）: He is very religious; corporeal world has little interest for him. 他虔信宗教,对物质上的享受不感兴趣./kɔː(r); kɔr/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变/ kR:z; kRrz/)[CGp]  1 (a) military force made up of two or more divisions 兵团, 军（军事单位, 由两个或两个以上师的兵力组成）: the 6th Army Corps 陆军第6兵团. (b) one of the technical branches of an army （陆军的）特种部队: the ,Royal ,Army `Medical Corps 英国皇家陆军医疗队.  2 group of people involved in a particular activity 从事某活动的集体: the Diplo`matic Corps, ie all the ambassadors, attaches, etc of foreign states in a particular country 外交使节团 * the `press corps, ie journalists 记者团./ˌkɔː də ˈbleɪ; ˌkɔr də bæ`le/ (French 法) dancers in a ballet company who dance together as a group 芭蕾舞团./kɔːps; kɔrps/ n dead body (esp of a human being) 尸体（尤指人的）. Cf 参看 carcass./ˈkɔːpjʊləns; `kɔrpjələns/ n [U]./ˈkɔːpjʊlənt; `kɔrpjələnt/ adj (fml esp euph 文, 尤作委婉语)  (of a person or his body) fat （指人或人的身体）肥胖的. /ˈkɔːpəs; `kɔrpəs/ n (pl corpora/ 5kR:pErE; `kRr-pErE/) collection of written (or sometimes spoken) texts （书面的, 有时为口语的）资料, 文集, 汇编: analyse a corpus of spoken dialect 分析口语方言的汇集资料 * the entire corpus of Milton's works 米尔顿作品的全集./ˈkɔːpʌsl; `kɔrpʌsl/ n (anatomy 解) any of the red or white cells in the blood （红或白）血球./kəˈrɑːl; <i>US</i> -ˈræl; kə`ræl/ n (esp US)  1 enclosure for horses, cattle, etc on a ranch or farm （牧场或农场上关马、牛等的）畜栏.  2 defensive circle of wagons, etc; laager （形成防御圈的）车阵.

v (-ll-)  1 [Tn] drive (cattle, etc) into or shut up in a corral 把（牛等）赶入或关进畜栏.  2 [Tn] form (wagons, etc) into a corral 把（车辆等）布成车阵./kəˈrekt; kə`rɛkt/ adj  1 true; right; accurate 正确的; 对的; 准确的: the correct answer 正确的答案 * Do you have the correct time? 你的表准吗? * The description is correct in every detail. 每个细节的叙述都很准确. * Would I be correct in thinking that you are Jenkins? ie Are you Jenkins? 我想你就是詹金斯吧? * `Are you Jenkins?' `That's correct.' ｀你是詹金斯吗?＇｀是的.＇  2 (of behaviour, manners, dress, etc) in accordance with accepted standards or convention; proper （指行为、礼貌、衣着等）符合公认标准的, 得体的: Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion. 这样的便服不宜在正式的场合穿. * a very correct young lady 举止很得体的年轻女士. 

/kəˈrekt; kə`rɛkt/ v [Tn]  1 (a) make (sth) right or accurate; remove the mistakes from 改正（某事物）; 修改; 纠正: correct spelling, mistakes, misconceptions改正拼写错误、谬误、错误的观念 * I corrected my watch by the time signal. 我按照报时信号对的表. * Please correct my pronunciation if I go wrong. 假若我的发音不准就请你纠正. * Spectacles correct faulty eyesight. 眼镜可以矫正视力缺陷. * `It was in April  no, May,' he said, correcting himself. ｀那是在四月份--不, 在五月份,＇他改口说. (b) (of a teacher, etc) mark the errors in (sth) （指教师等）批改（某项作业的）错处: correct an essay, a test, etc 批改作文、测验题等.  2 point out the mistakes or faults of (sb) 指出（某人）的错误或过失: `Correct me if I'm wrong, but isn't that a llama?' `No, it's not.' `I stand corrected', ie You have pointed out my mistake. 　那是美洲驼吗? 要是我说错了, 就请指出来.　｀那不是.＇｀多谢您指正.＇  3 adjust (sth) so as to make it accurate 校正（某事物）: Turn the wheel to the right to correct the steering. 把方向盘往右边转转, 好修正驾驶上的偏差. * Add salt to correct the seasoning. 加点盐把味道调好./kəˈrekʃn; kə`rɛkʃən/ n  1 [U] correcting 改正; 修改; 批改; 校正: the correction of exam papers 试卷的批改.  2 [C] right mark, etc put in place of sth wrong 错误之处的批改记号: a written exercise with corrections in red ink 用红笔批改过的书面作业.  3 [U] (fml 文) punishment 惩治: the correction of young delinquents 失足少年的改造 * (arch 古) a house of correction, ie prison 感化院（监狱）./kəˈrektɪv; kə`rɛktɪv/ adj having the effect of correcting sth 有改正作用的; 矫正的: corrective training, eg for young offenders 管教（如对失足少年） * corrective surgery for a deformed leg 医治腿部畸形的矫正外科.

n ~ (to sth) thing that produces an opposing view which is more accurate, fairer, etc 纠正错误看法之物: These artefacts are correctives to the usual view of these people as completely uncivilized. 通常认为这些人完全没有开化, 这些工艺品改变了人们的这种看法.adv: answer correctly 正确地回答 * behave very correctly 举止十分得体. n [U]./ˈkɒrəleɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrəˌlet/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and/with B have a mutual relation or connection, esp of affecting or depending on each other; (try to) show such a relation or connection between sth and sth else 相关或相互关联; （尤指）相互影响或相互依存; （试图）显示某事物与他事物的上述关系或联系: The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones. 这次试验的结果与以往试验的结果毫不相干. * Researchers cannot correlate the two sets of figures. 研究者们看不出这两组数字有什么联系. * We can often correlate age with frequency of illness. 年龄的大小往往与发病率有关./ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`leʃən/ n [sing, U] ~ (with sth); ~ (between A and B) mutual relationship 相互的关系: the correlation between sb's height and weight 身高与体重之间的关系./kɒˈrelətɪv; kə`rɛlətɪv/ adj having or showing a relation to sth else 相关的; 显示相互关系的: `Either' and `or' are correlative conjunctions.  either和or是关联连词./ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`spɑnd/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (with sth) be in agreement; not contradict sth or each other 相一致; 相符合: Your account of events corresponds with hers. 你说的情况跟她说的相符. * Your account and hers correspond. 你的说法跟她的说法一致. * The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with (ie is different from) what was actually said. 对我们交谈所作的文字记录与我们的原话不符. * Does the name on the envelope correspond with the name on the letter inside? 信封上的名字与里面信上的名字是否相同?  2 ~ (to sth) be equivalent or similar 相当的; 相似的: The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会.  3 ~ (with sb) exchange letters 通信: We've corresponded (with each other) (ie written to each other) for years but I've never actually met him. 我们已（互相）通信多年了, 可是我从未见过他本人./ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndəns; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`spɑndəns/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (with sth/between sth and sth) agreement; similarity 一致; 相似: a close/not much correspondence between the two accounts 两种叙述接近[不太]一致.  2 [U] ~ (with sb) letter-writing; letters 通信; 信件: She has a lot of correspondence to deal with. 她有大批信件需要处理. * I refused to enter into any correspondence (ie exchange letters) with him about it. 我决不就这一问题与他通信. * Is commercial correspondence taught at the school? 学校里是否教授商业函件?course of study using books, exercises, etc sent by post 函授课程./ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndənt; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`spɑndənt/ n  1 person who contributes news or comments regularly to a newspaper, radio station, etc, esp from abroad （报刊、广播电台等的）通讯员, 记者（尤指派驻国外的）: our Hong Kong, Middle East, etc correspondent 我们派驻香港、中东的通讯员 * a foreign, war, cricket correspondent, ie sb gathering news in a foreign country, in a war, about cricket 国外、战地、板球比赛通讯记者.  2 person who writes letters to another 通信者: He's a good/poor correspondent, ie writes regularly/seldom. 他是个勤于[懒于]写信的人.adj that corresponds 相符的; 相当的; 通信的: Imports in the first three months have increased by 10 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. 第一季度的进口额与去年同期相比增长了百分之十. correspondingly adv: The new exam is longer and correspondingly more difficult to pass. 新的考试需时较长, 因而相应地较难及格./ˈkɒrɪdɔː(r); <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrədɚ`/ n  1 long narrow passage, from which doors open into rooms or compartments 过道; 走廊.  2 long narrow strip of land belonging to one country that passes through the land of another country 一国领土穿越他国境内的狭长地带.  3 (idm 习语) the corridors of `power the higher levels of the Government and administration, where important decisions are made 权力走廊（政府及行政部门进行重要决策的较高阶层）: an issue much discussed in the corridors of power 在领导核心中进行了充分讨论的问题.train with coaches which have compartments opening into a corridor 包厢列车./ˌkɒrɪˈdʒendəm; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrɪ`dʒɛndəm/ n (pl -da/ -dE; -dE/) corrected error, esp one of a list printed at the beginning of a book 已改正的错误; （尤指书前的）勘误表. Cf 参看 erratum./kəˈrɒbəreɪt; kə`rɑbəˌret/ v [Tn] confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc) 证实, 支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）: Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言./kəˌrɒbəˈreɪʃn; kəˌrɑbə`reʃən/ n [U] confirmation or support by further evidence, esp from a different source; additional evidence 进一步的证实（尤指另有来源的）; 进一步的证据: His possession of the gun is corroboration of his guilt. 他藏有枪是他犯罪的又一证据. * In corroboration of his story (ie to give support to it) he produced a signed statement from his employer. 为了进一步证明他所说的是事实, 他出示了一份雇主签了字的文件./kəˈrɒbərətɪv; <i>US</i> -reɪtɪv; kə`rɑbəˌretɪv/ adj tending to corroborate 确证（性）的: corroborative reports, evidence, etc 可以进一步说明问题的报告、证据等./kəˈrəʊd; kə`rod/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (away) be destroyed or destroy (sth) slowly, esp by chemical action 腐蚀, 侵蚀（某物）（尤指化学作用）: The metal has corroded (away) because of rust. 该金属已锈蚀. * Acid has corroded the iron (away). 酸把铁腐蚀了. * (fig 比喻) a bitter envy that had corroded their friendship 使他们的友谊遭到损害的强烈的忌妒./kəˈrəʊʒn; kə`roʒən/ n [U] corroding or being corroded; corroded area or part 腐蚀; 受腐蚀的部位: Clean off any corrosion before applying the paint. 先除去所有的锈迹再上油漆./kəˈrəʊsɪv; kə`rosɪv/ n, adj (substance) that corrodes 腐蚀性的（物质）: Rust and acids are corrosive. 锈及酸类都是腐蚀性物质./ˈkɒrəgeɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrəˌˇet/ v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] be shaped or shape (sth) into folds, wrinkles or furrows （使某物）起皱褶, 起皱纹, 起波纹: His brow corrugated with the effort of thinking. 他皱着眉头用心地思考. * muddy roads corrugated (ie rutted and furrowed) by cart-wheels 被大车压出了一道道辙印的泥泞的道路./ˈkɒrəgeɪtɪd; `kɔrəˌˇetɪd/ adj folded, wrinkled or furrowed 起皱褶的; 起皱纹的; 起波纹的: corrugated cardboard, ie used for packing fragile goods 瓦楞纸板 * a corrugated roof, ie made of corrugated iron 瓦楞铁的屋顶. =>illus 见插图.sheet iron pressed into curving folds, used for roofs, fences, etc 波纹铁; 瓦楞铁./ˌkɒrəˈgeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrə`ˇeʃən/ n fold; wrinkle 皱褶; 皱纹./kəˈrʌpt; kə`rʌpt/ adj  1 (a) immoral, esp sexually 不道德的; 堕落的; （尤指）有伤风化的: corrupt morals, behaviour, etc 腐败的风气、行为等 * a thoroughly corrupt novel which young people should not be allowed to read 应该不准年轻人阅读的极其伤风败俗的小说. (b) dishonest, esp through accepting bribes 不诚实的; 营私舞弊的; （尤指）贪污受贿的: corrupt officials who won't issue permits unless you bribe them 不行贿就不给办理许可证的贪官污吏 * corrupt practices, eg the offering and accepting of bribes 舞弊行为（如行贿受贿）.  2 (of languages, texts, etc) containing errors or changes （指语言、文本等）有错误的, 有改动的: a corrupt manuscript 有错误的文稿.  3 (arch 古) impure 不纯的: corrupt air/blood 不洁的空气[血液]. 

/kəˈrʌpt; kə`rʌpt/ v [I, Tn] make (sb/sth) corrupt 使（某人或某事物）堕落, 腐化; 贿赂（某人或某事物）: young people whose morals have been corrupted 道德败坏的年轻人 * corrupt an official, ie gain his favour by offering bribes 贿赂官员 * Pornography is defined by its `tendency to deprave or corrupt'. 是不是色情作品, 要看它有没有｀诱人堕落或伤风败俗的倾向＇./kəˌrʌptəˈbɪlətɪ; kəˌrʌptə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U].adj that can be corrupted 容易被腐蚀的; 可贿买的: corruptible young people, government officials, etc 易被腐蚀的年轻人、政府官员等./kəˈrʌpʃn; kə`rʌpʃən/ n [U]  1 corrupting or being corrupted 堕落; 腐化; 腐败; 败坏; 贿赂: officials who are open to corruption, ie can be bribed 可以买通的官员 * claiming that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people 断言电视中所宣扬的色情和暴力会诱使年轻人堕落.  2 (fml 文) decay 腐烂: the corruption of the body after death 尸体的腐烂.adv. n [U]./kɔːˈsɑːʒ; kɔr`sɑʒ/ n small bouquet of flowers worn on the upper part of a woman's dress （女服上身佩带的）小花束./ˈkɔːseə(r); `kɔrsɛr/ n (history 史) pirate or pirate ship attacking ships of European countries, esp off the coast of N Africa 海盗（船）（尤指活动于北非沿岸以欧洲国家之船只为攻击目标的）./ˈkɔːslɪt; `kɔrslɪt/ n suit of armour, esp one covering the back, chest and stomach only 护身铠甲（尤指专门用以防护背部、胸部及腹部的）./ˈkɔːsɪt; `kɔrsɪt/ n close-fitting undergarment worn to shape the body, or support it in case of injury （为衬托身体曲线而穿的）紧身内衣; （为支撑受到损伤的身体而穿的）紧身胸衣./kɔːˈteɪʒ; kɔr`teʒ/ n [CGp] (French 法) solemn procession, esp for a funeral 庄严肃穆的队伍（尤指送葬行列）./ˈkɔːteks; `kɔrtɛks/ n (pl cortices / 5kR:tIsi:z;`kRrtI9siz/)  1 (medical 医) outer layer of the brain or other organ （脑或其他器官的）皮层, 皮: the cerebral cortex 大脑皮层 * the renal cortex, ie the outer layer of the kidney 肾皮层（肾的表层）.  2 outer layer of a plant, eg the bark of a tree 植物的表层（如树皮）./ˈkɔːtɪkl; `kɔrtɪkl/ adj of the cortex 皮层的; 表层的./ˈkɔːtɪzəʊn; `kɔrtɪˌson/ n [U] (propr 专利名) hormone from the adrenal gland, often made synthetically, used medically in the treatment of arthritis and some allergies 可的松./kəˈrʌndəm; kə`rʌndəm/ n [U] hard crystallized mineral used chiefly in abrasives, or in powder form for polishing 刚玉; 刚石; 金刚砂./ˈkɒrəskeɪt; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːr-; `kɔrəsˌket/ v [I] (fml 文) flash; sparkle 闪耀; 闪烁: (fig 比喻) coruscating wit/humour 焕发的才智[绝妙的幽默]. /ˌkɒrəˈskeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ ˌkɔːr-; ˌkɔrəs`keʃən/ n [C, U]./kɔːˈvet; kɔr`vɛt/ n  1 small fast warship designed for escorting merchant ships （为商船护航的）轻型护卫舰.  2 (formerly) warship with sails and a single row of guns （旧时）木帆炮舰（设有单排炮位）./kɒs; kɑs/ n [C, U] (also ,cos `lettuce) (type of) long-leaved lettuce （一种）长叶莴苣.

/kɒs; kɑs/ abbr 缩写 = (mathematics 数) cosine. Cf 参看 sin abbr 缩写./kəz; kəz/ conj (infml 口) (esp in spoken English) because 因为./ˈkəʊsek; `kosɪk/ abbr 缩写 = cosecant./ˌkəʊˈsiːkənt; ko`sikənt/ n (abbr 缩写 cosec) (mathematics 数) in a right-angled triangle, the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to that of the opposite side 余割./ˈkəʊset; `kosɛt/ n (mathematics 数) set that can be added to an existing set to produce a more inclusive larger set 傍系; 陪集./kɒʃ; kɑʃ/ n (esp Brit) length of lead pipe, rubber tubing filled with metal, etc, used for hitting people 短棍, 铅管, 内充金属的橡皮管等（用以打人）.

v [Tn] (esp Brit) hit (sb) with a cosh 用短棍打（某人）: The train robbers coshed the guard. 抢劫列车的匪徒用短棍袭击列车长.=> co-signatoryadv: sitting cosily in my armchair 舒舒服服地坐在单座沙发上./ˈkəʊsaɪn; `kosaɪn/ n (abbr 缩写 cos) (mathematics 数) in a right-angled triangle, the ratio of the length of a side adjacent to one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse 余弦. Cf 参看 sine, tangent  2.n [U]. cosy n cover to keep a teapot or boiled egg hot （茶壶、煮熟的蛋的）保温罩./kɒzˈmetɪk; kɑz`mɛtɪk/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) substance for putting on the body, esp the face, to make it beautiful 化妆品（尤指用于面部的）: Lipstick and hair conditioner are cosmetics. 口红和护发素都是化妆品.

adj  1 used as a cosmetic 化妆用的; 美容的: cosmetic preparations 梳妆打扮.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) intended to improve only the appearance of sth 装点门面的: The reforms he claims to have made are in fact merely cosmetic. 他自称已经实行的改革实际上只不过是摆摆样子罢了. surgery performed to restore or improve one's outward appearance (rather than restore health) 整容外科./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌkɒzməˈtɪʃn; ˌkɑzmə`tɪʃən/ n person who sells cosmetics or advises on their use 化妆品经销商; 美容师./ˈkɒzmɪk; `kɑzmɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the whole universe or cosmos 宇宙的: Physics is governed by cosmic laws. 物理学受宇宙法则的制约. * (fig 比喻) a disaster of cosmic proportions, ie very great 天大的灾难.fine particles of matter that gather into clouds in outer space 宇宙尘.radiation that reaches the earth from outer space 宇宙射线./kɒzˈmɒgənɪ; kɑz`mɑˇənɪ/ (also cosmology)n theory of the origin and development of the universe 天体演化学./-ˈmɒlədʒɪst; -`mɑlədʒɪst/ n./kɒzˈmɒlədʒɪ; kɑz`mɑlədʒɪ/ n  1 [U] scientific study of the universe and its origin and development 宇宙学.  2 [C] = cosmogony.  /ˈkɒzmənɔːt; `kɑzməˌnɔt/ n Russian astronaut （俄罗斯的）宇航员, 太空人./ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən; ˌkɑzmə`pɑlətn/ adj  1 (a) containing people from all over the world 世界性的; 有各国人的: a cosmopolitan city, club etc 国际的都市、俱乐部等 * the cosmopolitan gatherings at the United Nations Assembly 联合国大会的各种世界性集会. (b) (botany or zoology 植或动) occurring in most parts of the world 遍布世界各地的: a cosmopolitan plant 遍生于世界各地的植物.  2 (approv 褒) (free from national prejudice because of) having wide experience of the world 无民族偏见的; 四海一家的: a cosmopolitan person, outlook etc 四海为家的人、观念等.

n cosmopolitan(2) person 四海为家者; 世界主义者./ˈkɒzmɒs; `kɑzməs/ the cosmos n [sing] the universe, ie all space, seen as a well-ordered system 宇宙./ˈkɒsɪt; `kɑsɪt/ v [Tn] (derog 贬) protect (sb/sth) too carefully; pamper 宠爱, 溺爱, 纵容（某人[某事物]）: industry cosseted by tariffs on foreign imports 由于向外国货徵收进口税而得天独厚的产业./kɒst; <i>US</i> kɔːst; kɔst/ v (pt, pp cost) (with the n phrase indicating price, etc often preceded by an indirect object 在表示代价等的名词词组前常加间接宾语)  1 [In/pr] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用于进行时态) be obtainable at the price of; require the payment of 价钱为; 需花费: These chairs cost 40 each. 这些椅子每把价钱为40英镑. * How much/What does it cost? 这东西值多少钱? * It costs too much. 这东西价钱太贵. * The meal cost us 30. 这顿饭花了我们30英镑. * It costs (them) 1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆汽车每年（他们）要花1000英镑.  2 [In/pr] (fig 比喻) (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用于进行时态) (a) result in the loss of (sth) 使付出（代价）; 使丧失（某事物）: Dangerous driving could cost you your life. 开车不注意安全有生命危险. * The scandal cost her her career, ie resulted in her having to resign, being dismissed, etc. 这件丑事毁了她的前程. (b) require a certain effort or sacrifice 需做出某种努力或牺牲: Her irresponsible behaviour cost her father many sleepless nights. 她那不负责任的行为使她父亲许多夜不得安眠. * Compiling a dictionary costs much time and patience. 编纂词典要用很多的时间, 要有极大的耐心.  3 [Tn] (pt, pp ~ed) (commerce 商) estimate the price to be charged for (an article or a service), based on the expense of producing or performing it 估价; 定价; 估计成本; 按成本作价: Has this project been costed? 这项工程估价了吗?  4 [Tn] (infml 口) be expensive for (sb) 对（某人）来说代价高昂: You can have the de luxe model if you like, but it'll cost you. 你愿意的话, 可以买高级的, 不过得花很多钱.  5 (idm 习语) charge/cost/pay sb the earth => earth. cost sb `dear cause sb to suffer loss or injury 使某人付出沉重的代价: That mistake cost him dear: he lost the game because of it. 那个差错使他付出了沉重的代价: 他因而输了这一局.  6 (phr v) cost sth out estimate the cost of sth 估算某事物的成本或价钱: I thought I could afford it, then I costed it out properly and found it was too expensive. 我以为能负担得起那费用, 後来认真估算了一下才知道过于昂贵.

/kɒst; <i>US</i> kɔːst; kɔst/ n  1 [U, C] price (to be) paid for a thing 价钱; 价格; 费用: the high cost of car repairs 昂贵的汽车修理费 * the costs involved in starting a business 开创一企业所需要的资金 * She built the house without regard to cost, ie not caring if it would be expensive. 她盖这所房子根本不在乎花多少钱. * the cost of living/living costs, ie the general level of prices 生活费用 * the cost-of-living index 生活费用指数. =>Usage at price 用法见price.  2 [U, sing] that which is used, needed or given to obtain sth; effort, loss or sacrifice （为得到某事物而付的）代价; 努力; 损失; 牺牲: the cost in time and labour 时间和精力方面的消耗 * The battle was won at (a) great cost in human lives. 牺牲了许多人的生命才换来了这次战役的胜利.  3 costs [pl] (law 律) expense of having sth settled in a law-court 诉讼费用: pay a 50 fine and 25 costs 缴纳50英镑罚金和25英镑诉讼费.  4 (idm 习语) at `all costs as the supremely important consideration 不惜任何代价: We must at all costs prevent them from finding out about the plan. 我们无论如何不能让他们探知这个计划. at `cost at cost price 按成本价格: goods sold at cost 按成本价格出售的货物. at the cost of sth involving the loss or sacrifice of sth 以牺牲某事物为代价: She saved him from drowning, but only at the cost of her own life. 他遇溺时她把他救了, 但却牺牲了自己的生命. count the cost => count1. to one's `cost to one's loss or disadvantage 付了代价; 吃了苦头: Wasp stings are serious, as I know to my cost, ie as I know because I have suffered from them. 让黄蜂蜇了可不好受, 我吃过这苦头.person who keeps a record of the expenses in a business, etc 成本会计.(economics 经) the relation of the cost of sth to the benefit it gives 成本效益: [attrib 作定语] cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析.=> cost accountant(commerce 商) cost of producing sth or the price at which it may be bought wholesale 成本价格. Cf 参看 selling price (sell).adj giving enough profit, benefit, etc compared to money spent 成本效益好的; 合算的: It isn't cost-effective to build cars in such small quantities. 这么小批量地制造汽车不划算. n [U]./ˈkɒstəmʌŋgə(r); `kɑstɚˌmʌŋˇɚ/ n (dated 旧 Brit) person who sells fruit, vegetables, etc from a barrow in the street （推小车沿街叫卖水果、蔬菜等的）小贩.n [C, U] (commerce 商) estimation or fixing of prices or costs 估价; 定价; 成本计算; 作价: When we had done the costings on the project, it was clear it would not be economical to go ahead with it. 我们计算了成本, 清楚表明这项工程不合算. * [attrib 作定语] the costing department, clerk etc 成本会计部门、会计等.n [U]./ˈkɒstlɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːst-; `kɔstlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) costing much; expensive 费钱的; 昂贵的: It would be too costly to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车要花很多钱. * a costly mistake, ie one involving great loss 造成重大损失的错误. /ˈkɒstjuːm; <i>US</i> -tuːm; `kɑstum/ n  1 [C, U] garment or style of dress, esp of a particular period or group or for a particular activity 服装, 服装式样（尤指用于某时期、某团体或某活动的）: People wore historical costumes for the parade. 人们穿着古装参加游行. * The actor came on in full costume, ie wearing all his stage clothes. 那个男演员身穿全套戏装登场. * Scotsmen in Highland costume, ie wearing kilts, etc 身穿高地服装的苏格兰男子 * skiing costume 滑雪服 * [attrib 作定语] a `costume piece/play/drama, ie one in which the actors wear historical costume 古装剧.  2 [C] (dated 旧) woman's suit (ie a skirt and short coat of the same material) 女套装（面料相同的裙子和西服短上衣）.jewellery made with artificial gems 人造珠宝饰物./kɒˈstjuːmɪə(r); <i>US</i> -ˈstuː-; kɑs`tumɪɚ/ n person who makes, deals in, or hires out costumes, esp for theatrical performances 服装制作人经销商或出租商（尤指戏装）: a theatrical costumier 舞台服装制作人./`kəʊzɪ; `kozɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒)  1 (warm and) comfortable （暖和而）舒适的: a cosy room, chair, feeling 舒适的房间、椅子、感觉 * a nice cosy little house 美妙舒适的房子 * I felt all cosy tucked up in bed. 我钻进被窝里, 暖暖和和舒服极了. * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) He's had it too cosy in that job; we ought to keep a stricter check on him. 他那工作太轻松了, 我们应当经常对他进行严格的检查.  2 intimate and friendly 亲切友好的: a cosy chat by the fireside 在炉边的亲切闲谈./kɒt; kɑt/ n  1 (Brit) (US crib) bed for a young child, usu with sides to prevent the child falling out 幼儿床（通常设有栏杆）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 (US) simple narrow bed, eg a camp-bed, or a bunk bed on a ship 简易床（如行军床或船上的铺位）.n [C, U] sudden unexplained death of a sleeping baby 婴儿猝死./kəʊˈtændʒənt; ko`tændʒənt/ n (abbr 缩写 cot) (mathematics 数) tangent of the complement of a given angle 余切./kəʊt; kot/ n (in compounds 用以构成复合词) shed, shelter or enclosure for domestic animals or birds （家畜或家禽的）棚, 圈, 栏: a `dove-cote * a `sheep-cote./ˈkəʊtərɪ; `kotərɪ/ n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) small group of people with shared activities, interests, tastes, etc, esp one that tends to be exclusive （由有共同的活动、兴趣、爱好等人组成的）小圈子, （尤指排外的）小集团: a literary coterie 一帮文人./ˌkəʊˈtɜːmɪnəs; ko`tɝmənəs/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) having a shared boundary 有共同边界; 毗邻./ˈkɒtɪdʒ; `kɑtɪdʒ/ n small simple house, esp in the country 简陋的小屋; （尤指）村舍: farm labourers' cottages 农场雇工的小屋.type of soft white cheese made from skimmed milk 农家乳酪（一种脱脂的白色软乾酪）.(Brit) small hospital in the country 乡间诊疗所.business that can be carried on at home, esp skilled manual work such as knitting, pottery, some kinds of weaving, etc 家庭手工业（如针织、制陶、某些编织等）.(Brit) loaf consisting of a large round mass of bread with a smaller one on top 农家面包（大小两个圆面包相叠的）.= shepherd's pie (shepherd)./ˈkɒtɪdʒə(r); `kɑtɪdʒɚ/ n person who lives in a cottage 住农舍者; 村民./ˈkɒtə pɪn; `kɑtɚˌpɪn/ n (engineering 工) pin used to hold parts of machinery in place 开尾销; 扁销./ˈkɒtn; `kɑtn/ n [U]  1 (a) soft white fibrous substance round the seeds of a tropical plant, used for making thread, cloth, etc 棉花: bales of cotton 大包小包的棉花. (b) this plant when growing 棉树; 棉株: [attrib 作定语] working in the cotton fields 在棉田里干活.  2 (a) thread spun from cotton yarn 棉线: a needle and cotton 针和线. (b) cloth made from this 棉布: [attrib 作定语] a cotton dress 棉布连衣裙.(US) = candy-floss (candy).oil obtained from cotton seed 棉籽油.soft fluffy absorbent material, originally made from raw cotton, used for bandaging, cleaning, padding, etc 脱脂棉: (fig 比喻) You shouldn't wrap your children in cotton wool, ie protect them too much from the world. 你不该对孩子娇生惯养.n type of small N American rabbit 棉尾兔（产于北美洲的小兔）./ˌkɒtɪˈliːdn; ˌkɑtl`idn/ n (botany 植) first leaf growing from a seed 子叶./kaʊtʃ; kaᴜtʃ/ n long bedlike seat for sitting or lying on; sofa （坐卧两用的）长沙发: on the psychiatrist's couch 在精神病医生的诊察台上.

/kaʊtʃ; kaᴜtʃ/ v  1 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态 ] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) express (a thought, an idea, etc) (in words) （用词语）表达（思想、概念等）: His letter was couched in conciliatory terms. 他那封信里使用了表示和解的言辞. * a carefully couched reply 措辞 谨慎的答覆.  2 [I] (arch 古) (of animals) lie flat, either in hiding or ready to jump forward （指动物）蹲伏, 趴下（或为躲藏或准备跃起）./ˈkaʊtʃ grɑːs, ˈkuːtʃ-; <i>US</i> -ˈgrs; `kaᴜtʃˇræs/ (also couch) n [U] type of grass with long creeping roots 匍匐冰草; 茅草./ˈkaʊtʃənt; `kaᴜtʃənt/ adj (usu directly after a n 通常直接用于名词之後 ) (heraldry 纹 ) (of an animal on a coat of arms) lying with the body resting on the legs and the head raised （指纹章上的动物）昂首蹲伏的: a lion couchant 昂首蹲伏的狮子像. Cf 参看 rampant 3./kuːˈʃet; ku`ʃɛt/ n (French 法 ) bed in a railway carriage which can be folded down to make the back of a seat during the day （列车的）坐卧两用铺位（可摺叠成靠背椅）./ˈkuːgə(r); `kuˇɚ/ n (esp US) = puma./kɒf; <i>US</i> kɔːf; kɔf/ v  1 [I] send out air from the lungs violently and noisily, esp to clear one's throat or when one has a cold, etc 咳嗽: She was coughing (away) all night. 她咳了一整夜. * (fig 比喻) The engine coughed and spluttered into life, ie started noisily. 这发动机起动时喀喀作响.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) get sth out of the throat or lungs by coughing 咳出某物: He'd been coughing up blood. 他那时一直在咳血.  3 (phr v) cough (sth) up (Brit infml 口) say or produce sth reluctantly 勉强说出某话; 不情愿地提供某物: He owes us money, but he won't cough (it) up. 他欠我们钱, 却不愿还帐. * Come on, cough up: who did it? 好了, 说出来, 是谁干的?

n  1 [C] act or sound of coughing 咳嗽; 咳嗽声: She gave a quiet cough to attract my attention. 她轻轻地咳了一声好引起我注意.  2 [sing] illness, infection, etc that causes a person to cough often 咳嗽: have a bad cough 咳嗽得很厉害 * [attrib 作定语] `cough medicine, mixture, etc, ie taken to relieve a cough 止咳的药、合剂等./kəd; kəd; strong form 强读式 kʊd; kᴜd/ modal v (neg 否定式 could not, contracted form 缩约式 couldn't/ 5kUdnt; `kJdnt/)  1 (indicating permission 表示允准): Could I use your phone? 让我用一下你的电话好吗? * Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗? * Could I come round next week? 我下星期来拜访好吗? =>Usage 1 at may1 见may11项.  2 (indicating requests 表示请求): Could you baby-sit for us on Friday? 星期五你替我们照看小孩行吗? * Could you type one more letter before you go? 你临走以前再打一封信行吗? * Do you think I could have a cigarette? 我可以吸支香烟吗?  3 (indicating result 表示结果): I'm so unhappy I could weep. 我难过得要哭. * What's for dinner? I could eat a horse. 吃什么饭? 我饿得要命.  4 (indicating possibility 表示可能性): You could be right, I suppose. 我想可能是你对. * My wife's in hospital  our baby could arrive at any time. 我妻子住进了医院--我们的小宝宝随时都可能出生. * Don't worry  they could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心--他们很可能只是忘了打电话. * Somebody must have opened the cage  the lion couldn't have escaped on its own. 一定是有人打开了笼子--因为狮子是不可能自己跑出来的. * You could at least have sent a card, ie It was possible but you didn't do it. 你本来至少可以寄张明信片来吧. =>Usage 2 at may1 见may12项.  5 (indicating suggestions 表示建议): We could write a letter to the headmaster. 我们不妨给校长写封信. * You could always try his home number. 实在不行的话, 你还可以试一试他家的电话号码. =>Usage 3 at shall 见shall所附用法第3项.

pt of can2./ˈkəʊltə(r); `koltɚ/ n metal blade fixed vertically in front of a ploughshare, to cut the soil before it is lifted and turned by the share 犁刀./ˈkaʊnsl; `kaᴜnsl/ n [CGp]  1 group of people elected to manage affairs in a city, county, etc 会议; 政务会; 议会: a city/county council 市[郡]议会 * The local council is/are in charge of repairing roads. 地方议会负责维修道路. * [attrib 作定语] council services, elections 议会的部门、选举.  2 group of people appointed or elected to give advice, make rules, manage affairs, etc （顾问、立法、管理等）委员会: A council of elders governs the tribe. 有个叫长老会的组织治理这个部落. * In Britain, the Design Council gives awards for good industrial design. 在英国, 设计委员会给优秀的工业产品设计颁奖. * a council of war, ie a meeting of leaders, military commanders, etc to discuss tactics 军事会议.(Brit) housing estate (housing 1) built by a city, county, etc 市、郡等的统建住房.(Brit) flat/house built or provided by a city, county, etc 市、郡等统建或提供的公寓[房屋].=> council flatn large room in which a council meets 会议室./ˈkaʊnsələ(r); `kaᴜn-slɚ/ n member of a council （市、郡等的）政务会委员; 议员: Councillor Jones 琼斯议员./ˈkaʊnsl; `kaᴜnsl/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) advice; suggestions 劝告; 建议: Listen to the counsel of your elders. 听从长辈的劝告吧. * wise counsel 高明的建议.  2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) barrister conducting a law case 讼务律师: counsel for the defence/prosecution 被告[原告]的律师 * The court heard counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述. Cf 参看 King's Counsel (king).  3 (idm 习语) a counsel of per`fection advice that is very good but is difficult or impossible to follow 难以照办的好建议. hold/take counsel with sb (fml 文) consult sb 与某人商量. keep one's own `counsel keep one's opinions, plans, etc secret 将自己的意见、计划等保密. take `counsel together (fml 文) consult each other 共同商量.

/ˈkaʊnsl; `kaᴜnsl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-)  1 [Tn] give professional advice to (sb with a problem) 向（某人）提供专业建议: a psychiatrist who counsels alcoholics 对酗酒者提出辅导的精神病科医生.  2 [Tn] give (the stated advice) 提出（劝告）: I would counsel caution in such a case. 我奉劝在此情况下务必小心.  3 [Dn.t] (fml 文) advise 劝告; 建议: He counselled them to give up the plan. 他建议他们放弃这项计划./-səlɪŋ; -slɪŋ/ n [U] advice, esp from a professional person （尤指行家的）意见: psychiatric/financial counselling 精神辅导[财务谘询] * [attrib 作定语] a student counselling service 辅导学生的工作./ˈkaʊnsələ(r);`kaᴜnslɚ/ n  1 adviser 顾问: a wise counsellor in time of need 困难时的好参谋 * a marriage guidance counsellor 婚姻问题顾问.  2 (US or Irish 用于美国或爱尔兰) lawyer 律师/kaʊnt; kaᴜnt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (to sth) say or name numbers in order 数; 计数: He can't count yet. 他还不会数数. * count from 1 to 20 从1数到20 * I can count (up) to 100. 我能数到100.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) calculate the total of sth 算某物的总数: Don't forget to count your change. 别忘了数一数你的零钱. * Have the votes been counted up yet? 选票算好了没有?  3 [Tn] include (sb/sth) in a calculation 把（某人[某物]）计算在内: fifty people, not counting the children 五十人, 儿童除外.  4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) be of value or importance 有价值; 有重要性: Her opinion counts because of her experience. 因为她有经验, 所以她的意见很重要. * Knowledge without common sense counts for little. 光有学问而无常识, 则这种学问无甚价值. * We've only a few bullets left, so make each one count, ie use it effectively. 我们只剩几颗子弹了, 因此要弹不虚发. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (as sth) be accepted or valid 认可; 有效: You didn't shut your eyes before you made the wish, so it doesn't count! 你祈求实现愿望时没闭上眼睛, 所以不算数! * A few lines of rhyming doggerel don't count as poetry. 几行押韵的蹩脚诗算不上是诗.  5 [Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as) sb/sth consider sb/sth to be sb/sth 认为（某事物或某人）...: I count myself lucky to have a job. 我有工作实在很幸运. * I count him a good judge of character. 我认为他很会判断别人品性的好坏. * We count her as one of our oldest friends. 我们把她看作交情最久的一个朋友.  6 (idm 习语) count one's `blessings be grateful for what one has 知足: Don't complain! Count your blessings! 别怨天尤人了! 你应该知足! count one's `chickens (before they are `hatched) be too confident that sth will be successful 小鸡还没孵出, 先计算鸡数; 打如意算盘. count the cost (of sth) suffer the consequences of a careless or foolish action 因粗心或做了蠢事而吃苦头; 自作自受: The town is now counting the cost of its failure to provide adequate flood protection. 该镇未采取适当的防洪措施, 现在吃到了苦头.  7 (phr v) count against sb; count sth against sb be considered/consider sth to be to the disadvantage of sb 认为（某事物）对某人不利: Your criminal record could count against you in finding a job. 你有前科对你找工作很不利. * He is young and inexperienced, but please do not count that against him. 他年轻又无经验, 但请不要因此而小看他. count among sb/sth; count sb/sth among sb/sth be regarded/regard sb/sth as one of the stated group 视某人[某事物]为某集体的一员: She counts among the most gifted of the current generation of composers. 她算是当代最有才华的一位作曲家. * I no longer count him among my friends. 我不再把他当作朋友. count down signal the approach of a moment (eg for launching a space vehicle) by counting seconds backwards, eg 10, 9, 8, 7... 倒数计秒（如10、9、8、7...）. count sb/sth in include sb/sth 把某人[某事物]算在内: See how many plates we have, but don't count in the cracked ones. 看看我们有多少个盘子, 但不要算有裂纹的. * If you're all going to the party, you can count me in, ie I will come with you. 要是你们全都去参加聚会, 就可以把我也算上. count on sb/sth rely on sb/sth with confidence 依靠、依赖、信赖或指望某人[某事物]: count on sb's help/on sb to help 依靠某人的帮助 * Don't count on a salary increase this year, ie You may not get one. 别指望今年会加薪. count sb/sth out (a) count (things) one by one, esp slowly （慢慢地）逐个数东西: The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant. 老太婆一个个地数出三十便士给了售货员. (b) count up to ten over (a boxer who has been knocked down), signifying his defeat 对被击倒的拳击者数到十後判其失败: The referee counted him out in the first round. 裁判判定他在第一回合被击败. (c) (infml 口) not include sb/sth 不包括某人[某事物]: If it's going to be a rowdy party, you can count me out, ie I shall certainly not attend. 要是弄成了吵吵闹闹的聚会, 我可不参加. count towards sth be included as a qualification for sth （按照获得某事物的条件）被包括在内: These payments will count towards your pension. 你付的这些款项将来算在你的养老金里. count up to sth reach the specified total; add up to sth 达到某总数; 共计: These small contributions soon count up to a sizeable amount. 这些捐款很快就集少成多, 总数相当可观.

/kaʊnt; kaᴜnt/ n  1 [C] action of counting; number reached by counting 计数; 数出的数: a second count of the votes in an election 选举中的第二次点票 * I want you to start on a count of 5, ie after I have counted up to 5. 我要你在我数到5时开始. * By my count (ie As I have counted them) that's five cakes you've had already. 我数着你已经吃了五块蛋糕.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] total number of things found in a sample tested 样品中被检验物的含量: a high pollen count 花粉含量高.  3 (usu 通常作 the count) [sing] (in boxing) act of counting sb out (count1 7) （拳击比赛中对被击倒的某人）数十（而判其失败）: (fig 比喻) Little Jimmy was really out for the count (ie completely exhausted) after that long tiring day. 小吉米劳累了一天已经筋疲力尽了.  4 [C] (a) (law 律) any of a group of offences of which a person is accused （被控的）事项, 罪状: two counts of forgery and one of fraud 两项伪造罪和一项诈骗罪 * She was found guilty on all counts. 她被判各项罪名成立. (b) any of a set of points made in a discussion or an argument （讨论或争论的）事项, 问题: I disagree with you on both counts. 我对你的两个论点均未敢苟同.  5 (idm 习语) keep/lose `count (of sth) know/not know how many there are of sth 知[不知]其数: So many arrived at once that I lost count (of them). 同时来了这么多, 我数不清了.

/kaʊnt; kaᴜnt/ n title of a nobleman in France, Italy, etc, equal in rank to a British earl （法、意等国家的）伯爵（相当于英国的earl）. Cf 参看 countess.(grammar) noun that can be used in the plural and with such words as many and few 可数名词: Count nouns are marked [C] in this dictionary. 在本词典中, 可数名词均以[C]为标记.adj that can be counted 可数的. `countable noun = count noun (count2).n ~ (to sth) (a) [C] counting seconds backwards to zero before firing a rocket, etc 倒数秒. (b) [sing] (fig 比喻) period immediately before sth important happens 大事临近的时期: the countdown to the local election 地方选举日益临近的时候./ˈkaʊntənəns; `kaᴜntənəns/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] (expression on sb's) face 面孔; 面容; 面部表情: a woman with a fierce countenance/of fierce countenance 面目凶恶的女子.  2 [U] support; approval 支持; 赞成; 批准: I would not give/lend countenance to such a plan. 我不赞同这样的计划.  3 (idm 习语) keep one's `countenance (fml 文) maintain one's composure, esp by not laughing 保持沉稳（尤指忍住不笑）. put/stare sb out of `countenance (dated 旧) make sb feel embarrassed or at fault by staring at him 盯得某人发慌或不知所措.

/ˈkaʊntənəns; `kaᴜntənəns/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) support or approve (sth) 支持, 赞成, 批准（某事物）: countenance a fraud 怂恿诈骗 * How could you countenance such behaviour? 你怎么能纵容这种行为?  * They would never countenance lying. 他们对说谎的行为决不姑息./ˈkaʊntə(r); `kaᴜntɚ/ n  1 long narrow flat surface over which goods are sold or served or business done in a shop, bank, etc （商店、银行等的）柜台.  2 (idm 习语) over the `counter (of medicines) without a prescription(1a) （指药品）无处方: These tablets are available over the counter. 这些药片无需处方可直接购买. under the `counter (of goods bought or sold in shops) secretly （指商店买卖货物）暗中交易, 走後门: In Britain pornography was once sold under the counter. 在英国, 色情书画曾一度在暗地里出售.

/ˈkaʊntə(r); `kaᴜntɚ/ n  1 small disc used for playing or scoring in certain board games 筹码.  2 (used in compounds 用以构成复合词) device for counting repeated mechanical actions 计数器: an engine's rev-counter 发动机转速计.  3 thing that can be exchanged for sth else 可与他物交换之物: Our missiles will be a useful bargaining counter in our negotiations with the Russians, ie may be given up in exchange for concessions. 在我们与俄国人的谈判中, 我们的导弹是讨价还价的有利资本.

/ˈkaʊntə(r); `kaᴜntɚ/ adv ~ to sth in the opposite direction to sth; in opposition to sth; contrary to sth 与某事物的方向相反; 相反地: act counter to sb's wishes 违背某人的意愿 * Economic trends are running counter to the forecasts. 经济发展趋势与预测的结果截然相反.

/ˈkaʊntə(r); `kaᴜntɚ/ v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ with sth; ~ sb/sth (with sth) respond to (sb/sth) with an opposing view, a return attack, etc 反对, 反击（某人[某事物]）: The champion countered with his right, ie responded to a blow with a right-handed punch. 这位卫冕者挥起右拳还击. * They countered our proposal with one of their own. 他们针对我们的建议提出了一项相反的建议. * The minister countered his critics with a strong speech defending his policies. 这位部长慷慨陈词为其政策辩护, 反驳批评他的人. * I pointed out the shortcomings of the scheme, but he countered that the plans were not yet finished. 我指出那方案的缺点, 但他申辩说各项计划尚未完成.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns, vs, adjs and advs 用以构成名词、动词、形容词以及副词)  1 opposite in direction or effect 方向或作用相反: counter-attraction * counter-productive.  2 made in response to, or so as to defeat 回击: counter-attack * counter-espionage.  3 corresponding 对应的; 对等的: counterpart. =>Usage at anti- 用法见anti./ˈkaʊntər ətæk; `kaᴜntərəˌtæk/ n attack made in response to an enemy's attack 反攻; 反击.

v [I, Tn] make a counter-attack on (sb/sth) 反击（某人[某事物]）./ˌkaʊntər əˈtrækʃn; ˌkaᴜntərə`træk-ʃən/ n ~ (to sth) rival attraction 反引力; 对抗物: There are so many counter-attractions these days that the live theatre is losing its audiences. 当今其他方面的吸引力太强, 所以戏剧舞台的观众越来越少./ˌkaʊntə ˈklɒkwaɪz; ˌkaᴜntɚ`klɑk-ˌwaɪz/ adv (US) = anti-clockwise./ˌkaʊntər ˈespɪənɑːʒ; ˌkaᴜntɚ`ɛspɪənɪdʒ/ n [U] action taken against an enemy's spying 反间谍行动./ˌkaʊntər ɪnˈsɜːdʒənsɪ; ˌkaᴜntɚɪn`sɝdʒənsɪ/ n [U] measures taken to prevent enemy troops from entering one's territory, esp in small groups 反敌军侵入（尤指小股渗入）本国领土的措施; 反渗入对策./ˌkaʊntər ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns; ˌkaᴜntərɪn`tɛlədʒəns/ n [U] measures taken to stop an enemy country from finding out one's secrets, to give them false information, etc 反情报措施./ˌkaʊntər ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv; ˌkaᴜntɚ ɪn`tjuɪ-tɪv/ adj contrary to what one would naturally expect 与情理中的预料相反的; 反直觉的: His solution to the problem is counter-intuitive. 他解决这问题的方法是出人意表的./ˌkaʊntər ˈɪrɪtənt; ˌkaᴜntɚ`ɪrətənt/ n (medical 医) substance put on the skin to make it sore, and thus to relieve greater pain deeper in the body, eg rheumatism 抗刺激剂./ˈkaʊntərɒfə(r); `kaᴜntɚˌɑfɚ/ n offer made in response to, and esp to defeat, an offer made by sb else 反提议; 还价: The first company made a very attractive counter-offer and won the order. 第一家公司的还盘很有吸引力, 从而赢得了订单./ˌkaʊntə prəˈdʌktɪv; ˌkaᴜntɚ prə`dʌktɪv/ adj having the opposite effect to that intended 产生相反效果的; 适得其反的; 事与愿违的: It's counter-productive to be too tough: it just makes the staff resentful. 过于严厉则适得其反, 使全体工作人员愤愤不平. adv. /ˌkaʊntə ˌrevəˈluːʃn; ˌkaᴜntɚˌrɛvə`luʃən/ n [C, U] revolution that overthrows the political regime introduced by a previous revolution; activity intended to bring this about 反革命; 反革命活动; 反动: stage a counter-revolution 进行反革命活动 * the forces of counter-revolution 反动势力./-ˈluːʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; -`luʃən-ˌɛrɪ/ adj of a counter-revolution 反革命的: counter-revolutionary movements, ideas, etc 反革命运动、思想等.  n person who opposes or tries to overthrow a revolution 反革命分子; 反动分子./ˌkaʊntəˈtenə(r); ˌkaᴜntɚ`tɛnɚ/ n (music 音) (man with a) voice higher than tenor; male alto 男高音（歌手）./ˌkaʊntəˈrækt; ˌkaᴜntɚ`ækt/ v [Tn] act against and reduce the force or effect of (sth) 对抗; 抵消: counteract (the effects of) a poison, sb's bad influence, etc 消解毒性（的作用）、清除某人的不良影响 * We must counteract extremism in the party. 我们应该抵制党内的极端主义./ˌkaʊntəˈrækʃn; ˌkaᴜntɚ`ækʃən/ n [U] counteracting 对抗; 抵销; 中和./ˈkaʊntəbæləns; `kaᴜntɚˌbæləns/ (also counterpoise) n ~ (to sth) weight or force that balances another 平衡重; 平衡块; 平衡锤; 平衡力.

/ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns; ˌkaᴜntɚ`bæləns/v [Tn] act as a counterbalance to (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）起平衡作用: His level-headedness counter-balances her impetuousness. 他头脑冷静, 这可抵销一些她的急躁情绪./ˈkaʊntəbælɑːst; <i>US</i> -blæst; `kaᴜntɚ-ˌblæst/ n ~ (to sth) powerful reply 有力的反驳: Her article was a counterblast to her critics. 她的文章有力地回击了那些批评者./ˈkaʊntəkleɪm; `kaᴜntɚˌklem/ n claim made in opposition to another claim 反要求; 反诉: Amongst all the claims and counterclaims it was hard to say who was telling the truth. 所有这些要求和反要求, 很难说谁说的是实话./ˈkaʊntəfɪt; `kaᴜntɚ`fɪt/ n, adj (thing) made or done so that it is very similar to another thing, in order to deceive; fake 伪造的; 假冒的; 伪造物; 膺品: counterfeit money, jewels, etc 假钱币、珠宝等 * This ten-dollar bill is a counterfeit. 这张十元钞票是伪钞. Cf 参看 forgery (forge2).

v [Tn] copy or imitate (coins, handwriting, etc) in order to deceive 伪造, 仿造（钱币等）; 模仿（笔迹等）: a gang of criminals counterfeiting ten-pound notes 伪造十镑假钞票的犯罪集团. Cf 参看 forge2 2.  counterfeiter n person who counterfeits money, etc （钱币等的）伪造者, 仿制者. Cf 参看 forger (forge2)./ˈkaʊntəfɔɪl; `kaᴜntɚˌfɔɪl/ n part of a cheque, ticket, etc which can be detached and kept as a record; stub （支票、票据等的）存根./ˌkaʊntəˈmɑːnd; <i>US</i> -ˈmænd; ˌkaᴜntɚ`mænd/ v [Tn] cancel (a command or an order already given), esp by giving a new and opposite one 撤销, 撤回（成命或订单）（尤指代之以新的、内容相反的）./ˌkaʊntəmeʒə(r); `kaᴜntɚˌmɛʒɚ/ n (often pl 常作复数) course of action taken to remove, prevent, or protect against sth undesirable or dangerous 对策: countermeasures against a threatened strike 为防止一触即发的罢工而采取的对策./ˈkaʊntəpeɪn; `kaᴜntɚˌpen/ n (dated 旧) covering for a bed; bedspread 床罩; 床单./ˈkaʊntəpɑːt; `kaᴜntɚˌpɑrt/ n person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else 相对应或具有相同功能的人或物: The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm, ie the other firm's sales director. 销售部的女经理给另一家公司的销售部经理打了电话./ˈkaʊntəplɒt; `kaᴜntɚˌplɑt/ n plot made to defeat another plot 反计; 对抗策略.

v (-tt-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) make a counterplot 施反计; 将计就计./ˈkaʊntəpɔɪnt; `kaᴜntɚˌpɔɪnt/ n (music 音)  1 [C] melody added as an accompaniment to another 对位旋律: (fig 比喻) The dark curtains make an interesting counterpoint to (ie contrast with) the lighter walls. 深色的窗帘与浅色的墙壁形成有趣的对比.  2 [U] art or practice of combining melodies according to fixed rules 对位; 对位法./ˈkaʊntəpɔɪz; `kaᴜntɚˌpɔɪz/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] = counterbalance.  2 [U] state of being in balance; equilibrium 平衡; 均衡: The two nations' nuclear forces are in perfect counterpoise, ie are equal. 这两国的核力量完全均衡.n [U]./ˈkaʊntəsaɪn; `kaᴜntɚˌsaɪn/ v [Tn] sign (a document, etc already signed by another person 副署; 会签): a cheque countersigned on the back 背书支票.

/ˈkaʊntəsaɪn; `kaᴜntɚˌsaɪn/ n secret word which must be spoken to a guard, etc before one is allowed to pass; password 回令（回应警卫人员等的暗语以便通行）: give the countersign 应答回令./ˈkaʊntəsɪŋk; `kaᴜntɚˌsɪŋk/ v (pt -sank /-sNk; -9sANk/, pp -sunk / -sQNk; -9sQNk/) [Tn usu passive通常用于被动语态 ]  1 enlarge the top of (a hole) so that the head of a screw or bolt fits into it level with or below the surrounding surface 钻埋头孔.  2 insert (a screw or bolt) into such an enlarged hole 将（螺钉或螺栓）旋入埋头孔中./ˈkaʊntəveɪlɪŋ; `kaᴜntɚˌvelɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) compensating 补偿; 弥补; 抵销: all the disadvantages without any of the countervailing advantages 没有任何好处作为补偿的一切不利情况./ˈkaʊntɪs; `kaᴜntɪs/ n  1 wife or widow of a count or earl 伯爵夫人; 伯爵遗孀.  2 woman with the rank of a count or earl 女伯爵.n (dated 旧) building or room where accounts are kept, eg in a bank 会计室; 帐房./ˈkaʊntlɪs; `kaᴜntlɪs/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] numerous; too many to be counted 无数的; 多得数不清的: I've told her countless times. 我告诉她无数次了./ˈkʌntrɪfaɪd; `kʌntrɪˌfaɪd/ adj  1 having typical features of the countryside (eg open fields, trees, etc); rural 有乡村特色的（如旷野、树林等）; 乡村的: quite a countrified area 乡野气息十足的地区.  2 (derog 贬) having the unsophisticated ways, views, etc of country people; rustic 具有乡下人土里土气方式、见解等的; 粗俗的./ˈkʌntrɪ; `kʌntrɪ/ n  1 (a) [C] area of land that forms a politically independent unit; nation; state 国; 国家: European countries 欧洲各国 * There will be rain in all parts of the country. 全国各地将有雨. (b) the country [sing] the people of a country(1a); the nation as a whole 全国人民; 全民: The whole country resisted the invaders. 全民抗击侵略者. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 the country [sing] land away from towns and cities, typically with fields, woods, etc and used for agriculture 乡下; 乡村; 田野: live in the country 住在乡下 * a day in the country 乡间一日 * We travelled across country, ie across fields, etc or not by a main road. 我们走在田野上. * [attrib 作定语] country roads, life, areas 乡村的道路、生活、地区.  3 [U] (often with a preceding adj 常用于形容词之後) area of land (esp with regard to its physical or geographical features) 地区, 区域（尤指带有某种地形或地势的）: rough, marshy, etc country 崎岖不平的、多沼泽的...地区 * We passed through miles of wooded country. 我们经过了大片的森林地带. * This is unknown country to me, ie I have not been here before, or (fig 比喻) This is an unfamiliar topic to me. 我以前没到过这里（或作: 我对这问题一窍不通）.  4 [U] (esp US) country-and-western music 乡村与西部音乐: [attrib 作定语] a country singer 乡村音乐的歌手 * country music 乡村音乐的乐曲.  5 (idm 习语) a country `cousin (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) person who is not used to town life and ways 乡下人; 乡巴佬. go to the `country (Brit) dissolve Parliament and hold a general election 解散议会举行大选.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Country is the most usual and neutral word for a geographical area identified by a name, such as France or China *country是最普通的中性词, 指可藉France或China这样的名称加以识别的地理区域: We passed through four countries on our way to Greece. 我们在前往希腊的途中经过了四个国家. The word state emphasizes the political organization of the area under an independent government, and it can refer to the government itself *state这个词侧重指某一有独立性的政府所治理的地区的政权机构, 亦可指政府本身: the member states of the EEC 欧洲经济共同体成员国 *  a one-party state 一党政权 *  The State provides free education and health care. 政府实行免费教育和公费医疗制度. A state may also be a constituent part of the larger unit *state亦可能指较大单位的组成部分: There are 13 states in Malaysia. 马来西亚有十三个州. Nation also indicates a political unit and is more formal than state *nation亦指政治单位, 较state更为庄重: the United Nations 联合国 *  the Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟. In addition, it can suggest a community of people who share a history and language but may not have their own country or state 此外, 这个词还可指某些群体, 虽然有共同的历史和语言, 却可能没有自己的国家或政权: The Jewish nation is scattered around the world. 犹太民族散居于世界各地. Land is more formal or poetic *land较为庄重, 多见于诗中: Exiles long to return to their native land. 流亡者们渴望回到自己的祖国.club in the country where members take part in outdoor sports, etc 乡村俱乐部（会员可在其中做户外运动等）.(esp Brit) traditional dance in which couples are arranged in two long lines or face inward from four sides 土风舞.= seat1 8.n [U] (abbr 缩写 C and W) type of music that derives from the folk music of the southern and western US  乡村与西部音乐（源于美国南部及西部地区的一种民间音乐）: [attrib 作定语] a country-and-western singer 乡村与西部音乐的歌手.n large house in the country surrounded by an estate, typically owned by a rich person 乡间宅第（富人的大宅, 周围为其产业）./ˈkʌntrɪmən; `kʌntrɪmən/ n (pl -men /-mEn; -mEn/, fem 阴性作 countrywoman / 5kQntrIwU-mEn; `kQntrI9wJmEn/, pl -women)  1 person living in or born in the same country(1a) as sb else 同国人; 同胞: a hero much loved by his countrymen 深受同胞爱戴的英雄.  2 person living in or born in the country(2) 乡下人./ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd; `kʌntrɪˌsaɪd/ n (usu 通常作 the countryside) [sing] fields, wooded areas, etc outside towns and cities 郊外; 乡村; 野外: The English countryside looks at its best in spring. 英国的乡村在春天景色最美. * the preservation of the countryside 郊野地区的保护./ˈkaʊntɪ; `kaᴜntɪ/ n  1 administrative division of Britain, the largest unit of local government 郡（英国最大的地方行政区）: the county of Kent  * [attrib 作定语] a county boundary, councillor  郡的边界线、郡政务委员会委员 * county cricket 郡际板球赛. Cf 参看 province 1, state1 3.  2 (in US and other countries) subdivision of a state （美国及其他国家的）县（州以下的行政区）.

adj (Brit infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) having the life-style and habits of English upper-class landowners (eg fond of foxhunting) 有英国大地主生活方式和习惯的（如爱好猎狐）; 有郡中豪绅习气的: She's awfully county. 她十足地主派头. * He belongs to the county set, ie people having this life-style. 他属于郡中豪绅阶层.body elected to govern a county 郡政务委员会; 郡议会.(in England) local lawcourt where non-criminal cases are dealt with （英国的）郡法院（负责审理民事案件）. Cf 参看 crown court (crown1).(esp Brit), county seat (esp US) main town of a county, the centre of its administration 郡首府; 县城./kuː; ku/ n (pl ~s/ ku:z; kuz/)  1 surprising and successful action 意外而成功的行动: She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview. 她竟然办到了让总统同意接受采访.  2 (also French 法语借词 coup d'etat / ku: deI5tB: ; `kude`ta/, pl coups d'etat / ku: deI5tB: ; `kude`ta/) sudden unconstitutional, often violent, change of government 政变: The army staged a coup (d'etat). 军方发动了一场政变. * a bloodless coup 不流血的政变./ˌkuː də ˈgrɑːs; <i>US</i> ˈgrs; kudə`ˇrɑːs/ (pl coups de grace / 9ku: dE 5grB:s; ?@ -5grs; kudE`^rB:s/) blow that kills a person or an animal, esp for reasons of mercy 致命的一击（尤指为解除垂死时痛苦者）: (fig 比喻) Poor exam results dealt the coup de grace to (ie ended) his hopes of staying on at university. 他考试成绩不好, 继续念大学的希望一下子破灭了./ˈkuːpeɪ; ku`pe/ n  1 (US coupe/ ku:p; kup/) two-door car with a sloping back （斜背双门的）汽车.  2 closed horse-drawn carriage with an inside seat for two people and an outside seat for the driver 双座轿式马车（内有两人座位, 外有驭者席）./ˈkʌpl; `kʌpl/ n  1 two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman together 一对, 一双（尤指男女）: married couples 对对夫妻 * courting couples 对对情侣 * Several couples were on the dance floor. 有几对舞伴在跳舞. * I won't have any more whiskies; I've had a couple already. 我不能再喝威士忌了, 我已经喝了几杯了.  2 (idm 习语) a couple of people/things (a) two people/things 两人; 两件事物: I saw a couple of men get out. 我看见有两个人出去了. * I'll stay for a couple more hours. 我再多待两个小时. (b) a small number of people/things 几个人; 几件事物: She jogs a couple of miles every morning. 她每天早上要慢跑几英里. in two/a couple of shakes => shake2.

/ˈkʌpl; `kʌpl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A on (to B); ~ A and B (together) fasten or join (two things, esp two railway carriages) together 连接或连结（两物, 尤指两节列车车厢）: The dining-car was coupled on (to the last coach). 餐车已挂（在末节车厢）上.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sb/sth link or associate sb/sth with sb/sth 将某人[某事物]与某人[某事物]联系在一起: The name of Mozart is coupled with the city of Salzburg. 莫扎特的名字是与萨尔茨堡城联系在一起的. * The bad light, coupled with (ie together with) the wet ground, made play very difficult. 光线不足兼之地面潮湿, 比赛难以进行.  3 [I] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (of two people) have sexual intercourse （指两人）性交, 云雨./ˈkʌplɪt; `kʌplɪt/ n two successive lines of verse of equal length 相连的两行长度相同的诗句; 对句: a rhyming couplet 押韵的对句./ˈkʌplɪŋ; `kʌplɪŋ/ n  1 (a) [U] act of joining 连结. (b) [C, U] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (act of) sexual intercourse 性交; 云雨.  2 [C] link connecting two parts, esp two railway carriages or other vehicles 连接器; （尤指列车等的）车钩, 挂钩./ˈkuːpɒn; `kupɑn/ n  1 small, usu detachable, piece of paper that gives the holder the right to do or receive sth (eg goods in exchange) 证明持有人有做某事或获得某物之权利的票据（通常可撕下）: petrol coupons 汽油配给券 * 10p off if you use this coupon 凭此券可优惠10便士.  2 printed form, often cut out from a newspaper, etc, used to enter a competition, order goods, etc （通常剪自报刊等的）参赛表, 订货单等: fill in a football coupon, ie for a football pool competition 填写足球比赛的彩票（赌足球比赛的输赢）./ˈkʌrɪdʒ; `kɝɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] ability to control fear when facing danger, pain, etc; bravery 勇气; 胆量: He showed great courage in battle. 他在战斗中表现得十分勇敢. * She didn't have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝. * I plucked up/summoned up my courage (ie controlled my fear) and asked her to marry me. 我鼓起勇气向她求婚.  2 (idm 习语) Dutch courage => Dutch. have/lack the courage of one's con`victions be/not be brave enough to do what one feels to be right 有[没有]勇气做自己认为对的事. lose courage => lose. pluck up courage => pluck. screw up one's courage => screw. take one's ,courage in both `hands make oneself do sth which one is afraid of 鼓起勇气做事./kəˈreɪdʒəs; kə`redʒəs/ adj brave; fearless 勇敢的; 无畏的: It was courageous of her to opposeher boss. 她真有胆量, 竟敢对抗上司. adv./kɔːˈʒet; kᴜr`ʒɛt/ n (Brit) (US zucchini) small green marrow(2) eaten as a vegetable 小胡瓜. =>illus at MARROW 见MARROW之插图./ˈkʊrɪə(r); `kᴜrɪɚ/ n  1 person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists 旅游团的服务员; 导游.  2 messenger carrying news or important papers （传递消息或重要文件的）信使, 通讯员./kɔːs; kors/ n  1 [sing] forward movement in time （时间的）进程, 过程: In the course of (ie During) my long life I've known many changes. 我在漫长的一生中饱经沧桑. * the course of history 历史的进程 * I didn't sleep once during the entire course of the journey. 我在整个旅程中没有睡过一次觉.  2 [C] (a) direction or route followed by a ship or an aircraft or by a river, boundary line, etc （船只或飞行器的）航向, 航线; （河流、界线等的）走向, 所经之路: The plane was on/off course, ie following/not following the right course. 飞机航向正确[偏离航向]. * The course of the ship was due north. 这条船的航行方向是正北. * The captain set a course for (ie towards) New York. 船长定好航向驶向纽约. * the course of the River Thames 泰晤士河的河道 * (arch 古) the stars in their courses, ie the way they appear to move 在轨道中运行的星球 * (fig 比喻) The course of the argument suddenly changed, ie It turned to a different subject. 辩论的方向突然变了（转到了别的论题上）. (b) way of acting or proceeding 行动的途径; 做法: What courses are open to us? 我们可以采取什么办法? * The Government's present course will only lead to disaster. 政府的现行方针後患无穷. * The wisest course would be to ignore it. 上上策是不予理睬.  3 [C] (a) ~ (in/on sth) (education 教) series of lessons, lectures, etc （成系列的）课题、讲座等: a French, a chemistry, an art course 法语的、化学的、艺术的课程 * an elementary course in maths 初级数学课程 * taking a refresher course to improve my driving 参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术. (b) ~ (of sth) (medical 医) series (of treatments, pills, etc) （治病、服药等）疗程: prescribe a course of injections, X-ray treatment, etc 开一个注射X射线等疗程的处方.  4 [C] (a) area for playing golf （高尔夫球）球场: a `golf-course 高尔夫球场. =>illus at golf 见golf之插图. (b) stretch of land or water for races 跑道; 赛船水道: a `race-course, ie for horse-races 赛马跑道 * a five-mile rowing course 五英里长赛艇水道.  5 [C] any of the separate parts of a meal, eg soup, dessert 一道菜（如汤、点心）: a five-course dinner 有五道菜的正餐 * The main course was a vegetable stew. 主菜是炖蔬菜.  6 [C] continuous layer of brick, rock, etc in a wall （砌成墙壁的砖、石等的）层: a damp(-proof) course 防潮层.  7 (idm 习语) a course of action activity planned to achieve sth; procedure followed to get sth done 行动步骤; 办事程序: What is the best course of action we can take? 我们采取什么办法最好? be par for the course => par1. in course of sth undergoing the specified process 在...的过程中: a house in course of construction, ie being built 建造中的房屋. in the course of sth during sth 在...期间: in the course of our conversation, ie while we were talking 在我们谈话时. in (the) course of `time when (enough) time has passed; eventually 总有一天; 最终: Be patient: you will be promoted in the course of time. 别着急, 你总有一天会获得提升的. in due course => due1. in the ordinary, normal, etc course of events, things, etc as things usually happen; normally 在一般情况下; 通常: In the ordinary course of events, I visit her once a week. 在一般情况下, 我每周去看她一次. a matter of course => matter1. a middle course => middle. of course naturally; certainly 自然; 当然: `Do you study hard?' `Of course I do.' ｀你很用功吗?＇｀当然用功.＇ * `Did she take it?' `Of course not.' ｀她拿走了吗?＇｀当然没拿.＇ * That was 40 years ago, but of course you wouldn't remember it. 那是40年以前的事, 你自然想不起来了. run/take its `course develop as is usual; proceed to the usual end 听其自然发展; 按常规进行: We can't cure the disease; it must run its course. 我们治不了这种疾病, 只好听其自然. * The decision cannot be reversed; the law must take its course, ie the punishment must be carried out. 判决是不能更改的, 有法必依. stay the course => stay.

/kɔːs; kɔrs/ v [Ipr, Ip] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) (esp of liquids) move or flow freely （尤指液体）流动: The blood coursed through his veins. 血在他的血管中流动. * Tears coursed down her cheeks. 眼泪沿着她的面颊流下来./ˈkɔːsɪŋ; `korsɪŋ/ n [U] sport of hunting hares with dogs which follow them using sight rather than scent （凭猎犬视觉而不凭嗅觉追捕野兔的）狩猎运动./kɔːt; kɔrt/ n  1 (a) [C, U] place where trials or other law cases are held 法庭; 法院: a `court-room 法庭 * a `magistrate's court 地方法院 * a crown `court （英格兰及威尔士的）地方刑事法院 * a court of assize, a court of quarter-sessions, ie courts in England and Wales before 1971  巡回法庭、季审法院（1971年以前英格兰及威尔士的法院） * a (military or naval) court of inquiry, ie one that deals with cases of indiscipline, etc （陆军或海军的）调查法庭（负责审理违纪等案件） * The prisoner was brought to court for trial. 囚犯被提到法庭受审. * She had to appear in court to give evidence. 她须出庭作证. * [attrib 作定语] a court usher, reporter 法院传达员、书记员 * The case was settled out of court, ie was settled without the need for it to be tried in court. 此案已在庭外和解. * an out-of-court settlement 庭外和解. (b) the court [sing] people present in a court-room, esp those who administer justice 出庭人员; （尤指）审判人员: The court rose (ie stood up) as the judge entered. 法官出庭时全体到庭人员起立. * Please tell the court all you know. 请把你所知道的一切告诉本庭审判人员. Cf 参看 lawcourt (law).  2 (often 常作 Court) (a) [C, U] official residence of a sovereign 宫廷; 朝廷: the Court of St James, ie the court of the British sovereign 英国宫廷 * She had been received at all the courts of Europe. 她曾获欧洲各君主召见. * be presented at court, ie make one's first official appearance at the sovereign's court 初次觐见君主 * [attrib 作定语] the court jester 宫廷中的小丑. (b) the court [sing] (institution consisting of the) sovereign and all his or her advisers, officials, family, etc 宫廷; 朝廷: The court moves to the country in the summer. 夏天王室上下都移居到乡下去.  3 [C] (sport 体) indoor or outdoor space marked out for tennis or similar ball games （网球等的室内或室外）球场: a `tennis/`squash court 网球[壁球]场 * Do you prefer grass or hard courts? 你喜欢草地球场还是硬地球场? * Players must behave well on court. 比赛者应该遵守场上规则. =>illus at tennis 见tennis之插图.  4 (also `courtyard) [C] unroofed space partially or completely enclosed by walls or buildings, eg in a castle or an old inn; the buildings around such a space 庭院, 院子, 天井（如城堡或古时客栈中的）; 庭院周围的建筑物.  5 (idm 习语) the ball is in sb's/one's court => ball1. go to court (over sth) apply to have a case heard and decided by a court of law 起诉; 打官司. hold `court entertain visitors, admirers, etc 接待来访者、敬慕者等: The film star held court in the hotel lobby. 这位电影明星在旅馆的大厅里接见了影迷. laugh sb/sth out of court => laugh. pay court to sb => pay2. put sth out of `court make sth not worthy of consideration 使某事物不被重视: The sheer cost of the scheme puts it right out of court. 这一方案所需费用庞大, 不值得考虑. take sb to `court make a charge against sb, to be settled in court; prosecute sb 起诉某人; 控告某人: I took her to court for repayment of the debt. 我为索取债务而起诉她.

/kɔːt; kɔrt/ v  1 (a) [Tn] (dated 旧) (of a man) try to win the affections of (a woman), with a view to marriage （指男子）向（女子）献殷勤; 向（女子）求爱或求婚: He had been courting Jane for six months. 他追求简已有六个月之久. (b) [I] (esp dated 尤作旧) spend time together, with a view to marriage 谈情说爱; 谈恋爱: The two have been courting for a year. 两人恋爱已有一年之久. * There were several courting couples in the park. 公园里有几对谈情说爱的男女.  2 [Tn] (a) try to gain the favour of (a rich or influential person) 讨好（有钱或有势的人）: He has been courting the director, hoping to get the leading role in the play. 他一直在讨好导演, 想在剧中扮演主角. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) try to win or obtain (sth) 设法赢得或获得（某事物）: court sb's approval, support, favour, etc 取悦于某人以获其同意、支持、好感等 * court applause 博取掌声.  3 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] do sth that might lead to (sth unpleasant); risk 招致; 招惹; 导致; 冒...之险: court failure, defeat, death, etc 导致挫折、失败、死亡等 * To go on such an expedition without enough supplies would be to court disaster. 没有足够的补给就进行这种远征是会闯祸的./ˌkɔːtˈmɑːʃl; `kɔrt`mɑrʃəl/ n (pl courts martial) court for trying offences against military law; trial by such a court 军事法庭; 军法审判: He faced a court martial for disobeying orders. 他因不服从命令受到军法审判.= lawcourt (law).legal order made by a judge in court, telling sb to do or not do sth 法院指令.n (also face-card) playing-card that is a king, queen or jack 头像牌（纸牌中的K、Q或J）.n (a) building containing courts of law 法院（指建筑物）. (b) (US) administrative offices of a county 县政府.v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) try sb in such a court 以军法审判某人: be court-martialled for neglect of duty 因玩忽职守受到军法审判./ˈkɜːtɪəs; `kɝtɪəs/ adj having or showing good manners; polite 彬彬有礼的; 客气的. adv./ˌkɔːtɪˈzæn; <i>US</i> ˈkɔːtɪzn; `kɔrtəzn/ n (formerly) prostitute with wealthy or aristocratic clients （旧时）（伺候富豪或贵族的）高等娼妓./ˈkɜːtəsɪ; `kɝtəsɪ/ n  1 [U] courteous behaviour; good manners 礼貌; 客气: They didn't even have the courtesy to apologize. 他们也不道个歉, 真没有礼貌. * It would only have been common courtesy to say thank you. 说声谢谢不过是普通的礼貌.  2 [C] courteous remark or act 客气话; 礼貌的举止: Do me the courtesy of listening (ie Please listen) to what I have to say. 请听我说几句话.  3 (idm 习语) (by) courtesy of sb by the permission, kindness or favour of sb 承蒙某人允许; 蒙某人的好意: This programme comes by courtesy of (ie is sponsored or paid for by) a local company. 本节目由本地的一家公司提供（赞助或出资）.(Brit) title conventionally given to sb (eg the son or daughter of a lord) but with no legal validity 礼貌性的尊称（无法律效力的习惯称谓, 如对勋爵子女的尊称）./ˈkɔːtɪə(r); `kɔrtɪɚ/ n companion or assistant of a sovereign at court 侍臣; 廷臣: the King and his courtiers 国王及其朝臣.n [U]./ˈkɔːtlɪ; `kɔrtlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) polite and dignified 谦和而有威严的: the old gentleman's countly manners 这位老先生谦和而有威严的样子. /ˈkɔːt-ʃɪp; `kɔrtʃɪp/ n  1 [U] courting (court2 1).  2 [C] period during which this lasts 求爱期; 追求期: They married after a brief courtship. 他们恋爱不久就结婚了./ˈkɔːtjɑːd; `kɔrtˌjɑrd/ n = court1 4./ˈkʌzn; `kʌzn/ n  1 (also first cousin) child of one's uncle or aunt 堂[表]兄弟姐妹: She is my cousin. 她是我的表姐. * We are cousins, ie children of each other's aunts/uncles. 我们是表亲. Cf 参看 second cousin (second1). => App 8 见附录8.  2 (idm 习语) a country cousin => country.adj of or suitable for cousins 堂[表]兄弟姐妹的; 合于堂[表]亲戚关系的: cousinly affection 堂[表]兄弟姐妹之间的亲情./kuːˈtʊə(r); ku`tᴜr/ n [U] (French 法) = haute couture: [attrib 作定语] couture clothes/dresses 女式时装./kuːˈtʊərɪeɪ; ku`tᴜrɪɚ/ n person who designs and makes high-fashion clothes for women 女式时装设计师或裁缝./kəʊv; kov/ n small bay2 小海湾; 小湾. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图.

/kəʊv; kov/ n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) man 男子: What a strange cove he is! 他这人真怪!/ˈkʌvn; `kʌvən/ n meeting or group of witches 巫婆的聚会; 女巫团./ˈkʌvənənt; `kʌvənənt/ n  1 (law 律) formal agreement that is legally binding （有法律约束力的）协议, 盟约, 公约.  2 formal promise to pay money regularly to a charity, trust(5), etc （向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的）契约.

v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt] ~ for sth; ~ sth (to/with sb) promise or agree to (sth) under the terms of a covenant 立约承诺或同意（某事物）: I've covenanted (for) 100/covenanted (with them) to pay/that I'll pay 100 a year. 我立约承诺每年捐款100英镑./ˈkɒvəntrɪ; `kɑvəntrɪ/ n (idm 习语) send sb to Coventry =>send./ˈkʌvə(r); `kʌvɚ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (with sth) place sth over or in front of sth; hide or protect sth in this way 覆盖或遮掩某物; （以覆盖或遮掩方式）隐藏或保护某物: Cover the table with a cloth. 在桌子上铺上台布. * He covered (up) the body with a sheet. 他用单子盖住那具尸体. * She covered her knees (up) with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上. * The hole was covered (over) with canvas. 这个洞被帆布遮盖住了. * He covered the cushion with new material. 他给靠垫蒙上了新的料子. * He laughed to cover (ie hide) his nervousness. 他哈哈大笑以遮掩紧张的心情. * She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面. (b) [Tn] lie or extend over the surface of (sth) 平铺或展开在（某物）之表面; 盖住: Snow covered the ground. 积雪覆盖了大地. * Flood water covered the fields by the river. 洪水淹没了河边的田地. * Rubble covered the pavement. 人行道上铺了碎石块.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth in/with sth sprinkle, splash or scatter a layer of liquid, dust, etc on sb/sth 在某人[某物]上洒上、溅上或撒上一层液体、尘土等: I was covered in/with mud by a passing car. 一辆过路的汽车溅了我一身泥. * The wind blew from the desert and covered everything with sand. 沙漠那边吹来的风把所有的东西都蒙上了一层沙子.  3 [Tn] include (sth); deal with 包括（某事物）; 涉及; 处理; 适用于: research that covers a wide field 涉及范围很广的研究工作 * Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly. 她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻. * Is that word covered in the dictionary? 这部词典里有那个单词吗? * Do the rules cover (ie Can they be made to apply to) a case like this? 这些规则是否适用于这样的情况? * the salesman covering the northern part of the country, ie selling to people in that region 负责在该国北部地区促销的推销员.  4 [Tn] (of money) be enough for (sth) （指钱）够（某事物）之用: 10 will cover our petrol for the journey. 10英镑就足够支付我们旅行的汽油费. * The firm barely covers (its) costs; it hasn't made a profit for years. 该公司几乎入不敷出, 已经多年没有盈利了.  5 [Tn] travel (a certain distance) 走（一段路程）: By sunset we had covered thirty miles. 到日落的时候, 我们已走了三十英里.  6 [Tn] (of a journalist) report on (a major event such as a trial, an election, a riot, etc) （指新闻记者）报道（审判、选举、动乱之类的大事）: cover the Labour Party's annual conference 报道工党年会新闻.  7 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) do sb's work, duties, etc during his absence 代替某人工作、履行职责等: I'll cover for Jane while she's on holiday. 简休假时我替补她工作.  8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against/for sth) insure sb/sth against loss, etc 给某人[某事物]保险: Are you fully covered against/for fire and theft? 你是否保了足够的火险和盗窃险?  9 [Tn] (a) protect (sb) by shooting at a potential attacker （以火力）掩护（某人）: Cover me while I move forward. 我前进时, 你掩护我. * The artillery gave us covering fire, ie shot to protect us. 炮火掩护着我们. (b) (of guns, fortresses, etc) be in a position to shoot at and therefore control (an area, a road, etc); dominate （指枪炮、堡垒等）射程达到, 掩护, 控制（某区域、道路等）; 支配: Our guns covered every approach to the town. 我们的炮火控制了通往市区的各条道路. (c) keep aiming a gun at sb (so that he cannot shoot or escape) （用枪炮）瞄准某人（使其不能还击或逃跑）: Cover her while I phone the police. 你用枪看住她, 我给警方打电话. * Keep them covered! 把枪口对准他们!  10 [Tn] (of a male animal, esp a horse) copulate with (a female) （指雄性动物与（雌性动物）交配（尤指马）.  11 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins => multitude. cover one's tracks leave no evidence of where one has been or what one has been doing 掩盖行踪或所做的事的痕迹. cover oneself with glory (rhet 修辞) acquire fame and honour 获得名声及荣誉: The regiment covered itself with glory in the invasion battle. 该团在反侵略的战斗中赫赫有名.  12 (phr v) cover sth in put a protective covering over (an open space) 给露天场所加顶: We're having the yard/passage/terrace covered in. 我们给院子[过道/阳台]加了顶子. cover (oneself) up (a) dress warmly 穿暖和: Do cover (yourself) up: it's freezing outside. 衣服穿暖一点: 外面冷极了. (b) put on (extra) clothes, esp to avoid embarrassment （多）穿衣物, （尤指以免尴尬）. cover (sth) up (derog 贬) make efforts to conceal a mistake, sth illegal, etc 掩盖错误、非法的事物等: The government is trying to cover up the scandal. 政府企图遮掩这件丑事. cover up for sb conceal sb's mistakes, crimes, etc in order to protect him 为某人掩饰错误或隐瞒罪行等.

/ˈkʌvə(r); `kʌvɚ/ n  1 [C] (a) thing that covers 掩蔽物; 覆盖物; 罩子; 套子: a plastic cover for a typewriter 打字机的塑料外罩 * Some chairs are fitted with loose covers. 有些椅子配有椅套. (b) top; lid 顶子; 盖子: the cover of a saucepan 长柄锅的锅盖.  2 [U] place or area giving shelter or protection 隐蔽处; 避难所; 庇护所: There was nowhere we could take cover (ie go for protection) from the storm. 我们没有地方躲避这场风暴. * The land was flat and treeless and gave no cover to the troops. 该处地势平坦又没有树木, 部队无处隐蔽. * The bicycles are kept under cover, eg in a shelter, shed, etc. 自行车存放在棚子下面.  3 [C] either or both of the thick protective outer pages of a book, magazine, etc, esp the front cover （书刊等的）封面: a book with a leather cover 一本有皮面的书 * The magazine had a picture of a horse on the cover, ie the front cover. 这本杂志封面上画着一匹马. * read a book from cover to cover, ie from beginning to end 从头到尾读完一本书.  4 the covers [pl] bedclothes 毯子; 被子: push back the covers and get out of bed 掀开被子起床.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) ~ (for sth) means of concealing sth illegal, secret, etc 隐瞒非法事物、秘密等的手段: His business was a cover for drug dealing. 他的商行是进行毒品交易的幌子. (b) false identity 虚假的身分; 伪装: The spy's cover was that she was a consultant engineer. 那女间谍伪装成顾问工程师. * The agent's cover had been broken/blown (ie revealed), and he had to leave the country. 那特务暴露了身分, 只好离开该国.  6 [U] protection from attack 防护; 掩护: Artillery gave cover (ie fired at the enemy to stop them firing back) while the infantry advanced. 炮火掩护步兵前进. * For this operation we need plenty of air cover, ie protection by military aircraft. 为进行这次军事行动, 我们需要充足的空中掩护.  7 [U] ~ (for sb) performance of another person's work, duties, etc during his absence 代替他人工作、履行职责等; 替补; 代劳: This doctor provides emergency cover (for sick colleagues). 这位医生代（患病的同事）急诊值班.  8 [U] ~ (against sth) insurance (against loss, injury, etc) 保险（以防损失、伤亡等）: a policy that gives cover against fire 投保火险的保险单.  9 [C] envelope or wrapper 封套; 封皮: a first-day cover, ie an envelope with a newly issued stamp on it 首日封（贴有新发行的邮票的信封） * under plain cover, ie in an envelope or a parcel that does not show the sender, contents, etc 在未写明寄件人、内容等的信封或包裹内 * (commerce 商) under separate cover, ie in a separate parcel or envelope 在另一包裹或另函内.  10 [U] woods or undergrowth that can conceal animals, etc 动物等隐身的树林或矮树丛: cover for game birds 猎禽的藏身处 * The fox broke (ie left) cover and ran across the field. 狐狸离开了它所隐身的树林, 窜过了农田. Cf 参看 covert2.  11 [C] place laid at table for a meal （餐桌上布置的）席位: Covers were laid for six. 布置了六个席位.  12 (a) the covers [pl] (in cricket) area to the right of and in front of the batsman （板球）外场防守区（击球员右方及前方的区域）: fielding in the covers 在外场防守区进行防守. (b) [C] player who fields in the covers 外场防守员: The ball went past cover. 球越过了外场防守员.  13 (idm 习语) under cover of sth (a) concealed by sth 在某事物掩护下: We travelled under cover of darkness. 我们在夜幕掩护下行进. (b) with pretence of sth 以某事物为藉口; 藉某事物之名: under cover of friendship 藉友谊之名 * crimes committed under cover of patriotism 打着爱国的旗号犯下的罪行.(in a restaurant) charge to be paid in addition to the cost of food and drink （餐馆中饮食费用以外的）服务费, 附加费.girl whose photograph appears on the cover of a magazine （刊物上的）封面女郎.(Brit) document from an insurance company showing that one is insured, issued to cover the period before a policy is officially in force （保险公司于保单正式生效以前提供临时保险的）临时保单.n (derog 贬) act of concealing a mistake, sth illegal, etc 文过饰非; 护短: She said nothing was stolen, but that's just a cover-up. 她说什么东西也没被偷, 那不过是掩饰罢了./ˈkʌvərɪdʒ; `kʌvərɪdʒ/ n [U]  1 reporting of events, etc 新闻报道: TV coverage of the election campaign 有关竞选活动的电视报道 * There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper. 报纸上几乎没有国外新闻的报道.  2 extent to which sth is covered 覆盖范围; 覆盖程度: a thicker paint which gives good coverage 严严实实的一层厚漆 * a dictionary with poor coverage of American words 所收美式词语不多的词典./ˈkʌvərɔːlz; `kʌvəˌrɔlz/ n [pl] (US) = overalls (overall2 2).adj  1 ~ in/with sth [pred 作表语] having a great number or amount of sth 大量: trees covered in/with blossom/fruit 开满鲜花[结满果实]的树 * (fig 比喻) I was covered in/with confusion, ie very confused and embarrassed. 我深感不安.  2 having a cover, esp a roof 有遮盖物的; （尤指）有顶的: a covered way 有顶篷的通道.(US) large wagon with an arched canvas roof, used by pioneers for travel westward across the prairies （美国拓荒者的）大篷车./ˈkʌvərɪŋ; `kʌvərɪŋ/ n thing that covers 掩蔽物; 遮盖物: a light covering of snow on the ground 地上一层薄薄的雪.letter sent with a document, or with goods, etc, typically explaining the contents （随公文、货物等发出的通常用以说明其内容的）附信./ˈkʌvəlɪt; `kʌvɚlɪt/ n bedspread 床罩./ˈkʌvət; <i>US</i> ˈkəʊvɜːrt; `kovɚt/ adj concealed; not open; secret 隐蔽的; 不公开的; 秘密的: covert glances, threats, payments 偷偷的一瞥、暗中的威胁、秘密的付款 * the covert activities of a spy 间谍的秘密活动. 

/ˈkʌvə(r); `kʌvɚt/ n area of thick low bushes, trees, etc in which animals, esp hunted animals, hide 动物（尤指猎物）藏身的矮树丛、树林等. Cf 参看 cover2 10.adv. Cf 参看 overt./ˈkʌvɪt; `kʌvɪt/ v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) want very much to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）; 觊觎: covet sb's position, status, possessions, rewards 觊觎某人的职位、地位、财产、报酬 * this year's winner of the coveted Nobel Prize, ie which everyone would like to win 许多人梦寐以求的诺贝尔奖之本年度获得者.adj ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) having or showing a strong desire to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）的: covetous of his high salary 觊觎他的高薪的 * a covetous look, glance, etc 贪婪的眼色、一瞥等. adv. n [U]./ˈkʌvɪ; `kʌvɪ/ n (pl ~s) [CGp] small flock of partridges 一小群鹧鸪./kaʊ; kaᴜ/ n  1 fully-grown female of any animal of the ox family, esp the domestic kind kept by farmers to produce milk and beef 母牛（尤指奶牛和菜牛）: milking the cows 给奶牛挤奶 * a herd of cows 一群母牛. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 bull1 1, calf, heifer.  2 female elephant, rhinoceros, whale, etc 雌性的象、犀牛、鲸等. Cf 参看 bull1 2.  3 (<!> derog sl 讳, 贬, 俚) woman 女子: You stupid cow! 你这蠢女人!  4 (idm 习语) a sacred cow => sacred. till the `cows come home (infml 口) for a very long time; for ever 长时间; 永远: You can talk till the cows come home: you'll never make me change my mind. 你就是说出大天来, 也休想改变我的主意.

/kaʊ; kaᴜ/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth) make sb do as one wants by frightening him; intimidate sb 胁迫某人（做某事）; 恐吓某人: The men were cowed into total submission. 这些人被吓得服服贴贴. * a cowed (ie frightened and submissive) look 畏惧而顺从的样子.n flat round mass of cow-dung on the ground （一团）牛屎./ˈkaʊəd; `kaᴜɚd/ n (derog 贬) person who lacks courage; person who runs away from danger 胆小鬼; 懦夫: You miserable coward! 你这可怜的胆小鬼! * I'm a terrible coward when it comes to dealing with sick people, ie It scares me and I avoid it. 我一和病人打交道就提心吊胆./ˈkaʊədɪs; `kaᴜɚdɪs/ n [U] (derog 贬) feelings or behaviour of a coward; fearfulness 胆小; 怯懦: a battle lost owing to the troops' cowardice 由于部队畏缩不前而招致的战斗失利 * abject cowardice 可鄙的怯懦行为.adj (derog 贬) lacking courage; of or like a coward 胆小的; 怯懦的; （似）胆小鬼的: cowardly lies, behaviour, actions 怯懦的谎言、行为、举动 * It was cowardly of you not to admit your mistake. 你不承认错误就不是好样儿的.n bell hung round a cow's neck so that the cow can be found by the sound of its ringing 牛颈铃./ˈkaʊbɔɪ; `kaᴜˌbɔɪ/ n  1 man, usu on horseback, who looks after grazing cattle in the western parts of the US （美国西部的）牛仔, 牧童: [attrib 作定语] a cowboy movie, ie one featuring adventures in the American West 牛仔影片.  2 (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) tradesman or businessman whose work, business practices, etc are incompetent or dishonest 无能的或不老实的商人或经营者: The house has all these defects because it was built by cowboys. 这所房屋有这么多毛病, 其原因就在于承建者都是滑头. * [attrib 作定语] cowboy builders, stockbrokers, etc 不老实的建筑商、证券经纪人等.n (US) metal frame fixed to the front of a railway engine to push obstacles off the track （机车的）排障器./ˈkaʊə(r); `kaᴜɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress （因畏惧或痛苦）蜷缩, 退缩: He cowered away/back as she raised her hand to hit him. 她扬手打他, 他立即退缩开[向後退缩]. * The dog cowered (down) under the table. 那只狗吓得蜷伏在桌子底下.n girl or woman who looks after cows 牧牛女; 饲牛女工.n person who looks after cows 牧牛人; 饲牛工.n (dated 旧) person who looks after grazing cows 放牛人; 牧牛工.n  1 [U, C] leather made from the skin of a cow 牛皮; 牛革.  2 [C] strip of this leather used as whip 牛皮鞭./kaʊl; kaᴜl/ n  1 large hood on a monk's gown （修士道袍上的）大兜帽.  2 cap for a chimney, ventilating pipe, etc, usu of metal and often revolving with the wind, which is designed to improve the flow of air or smoke 通风帽; 烟囱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii./ˈkaʊlɪk; `kaᴜˌlɪk/ n (infml 口) tuft of hair just above the forehead that will not lie flat （额前翘起的）一绺头发.n removable metal covering for an engine, esp on an aircraft （发动机上可拆卸的）金属罩（尤指飞行器上的）. =>illus at aircraft 见 aircraft 之插图./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) man who looks after cows 牧牛人; 牧牛工./ˈkaʊpɒks; `kaᴜˌpɑks/ n [U] mild contagious disease of cattle caused by a virus (which is also used in making smallpox vaccine) 牛痘./ˈkaʊrɪ; `kaᴜrɪ/ n small shell formerly used as money in parts of Africa and Asia 宝贝（旧时在非洲及亚洲的部分地区用作钱币的小贝壳）.n farm building where cows are kept when not outside, or where they are milked 牛棚; 牛舍./ˈkaʊslɪp; `kaᴜˌslɪp/ n small plant with yellow flowers, growing wild in temperate countries 黄花九轮草（生长于温带国家）./kɒks; kɑks/ n person who steers a rowing-boat, esp in races 划艇（尤指赛艇）的舵手.

v [I, Tn] act as cox of (a rowing-boat) 当（划艇）的舵手: He coxed the Oxford boat. 他担任牛津大学赛船的掌舵人./ˈkɒkskəʊm; `kɑksˌkom/ n (arch 古) foolish conceited man, esp one who pays too much attention to his clothes 自命不凡的蠢家伙（尤指过分注意衣着者）./ˈkɒksn; `kɑksn/ n  1 man in charge of a ship's rowing-boat and its crew 船上管理划艇及其船员的人.  2 (fml 文) cox 小艇的掌舵人./kɔɪ; kɔɪ/ abbr 缩写 = (army) company./kɔɪ; kɔɪ/ adj (-er, -est) (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 pretending to be shy or modest 假装害羞的; 忸怩作态的; 故作谦虚的: She gave a coy smile when he paid her a compliment. 他恭维她时, 她忸怩作态地笑了一笑.  2 reluctant to give information, answer questions, etc; secretive 不肯明说的; 不肯作答的; 含糊其词的: He was a bit coy when asked about the source of his income. 问起他收入的来源, 他就有些吞吞吐吐. adv. n [U]./kɔɪˈəʊtɪ; <i>US</i> kaɪəʊt; `kaɪot/ n small wolf of the plains of western N America 郊狼（北美洲西部原野上的小狼）./ˈkɔɪpuː; `kɔɪpu/ n beaver-like water-rodent from S America, bred for its fur 河狸鼠（状若海狸, 产于南美洲, 人工饲养以取其毛皮）.(US) = cosy./ˌsiː ˈpiː; ˌsi `pi/ abbr 缩写 = Communist Party: join the CP 加入共产党.abbr 缩写 = compare. Cf 参看 cf./ˌsiː piː ˈes; ˌsi pi `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (also c/s) (physics 物) cycles per second 每秒周数; 周/秒./kræb; kræb/ n  1 (a) [C] ten-legged shellfish 蟹. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish之插图. (b) [U] its flesh as food 蟹肉: dressed crab, ie prepared for eating 加作料的蟹肉.  2 the Crab [sing] the fourth sign of the zodiac; Cancer 巨蟹宫（黄道第四宫）; 巨蟹星座.  3 [C] (infml 口) = crab-louse.  4 (idm 习语) catch a crab => catch1.

/kræb; kræb/ v (-bb-) [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) complain; grumble; criticize 抱怨; 挑剔; 批评: The boss is always crabbing about my work. 老板对我的工作总是横挑鼻子竖挑眼./kræbpl; kræbæpl/ (also crab) n   1 wild apple-tree 花红树; 沙果树; 海棠树.  2 its hard sour fruit 花红; 沙果; 海棠.n parasitic insect found in the hairy parts of the body 阴虱./ˈkræbɪd or, rarely, 罕读作 ˈkrbd; `kræbɪd/ adj  1 (of handwriting) small and difficult to read （指字迹）细小难辨的.  2 = crabby./ˈkræbɪ; `kræbɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad-tempered; irritable 脾气乖戾的; 易怒的./ˈkræbwaɪz; `kræbˌwaɪz/ adv sideways, often in a stiff or ungainly way （常为僵硬或笨拙的方式）横向地, 蟹行般地: shuffle crabwise across the floor 拖着脚在室内横着走过去./kræk; kræk/ n  1 ~ (in sth) (a) line along which sth has broken, but not into separate parts 裂缝; 裂纹: a cup with bad cracks in it 有很多裂纹的杯子 * Don't go skating today  there are dangerous cracks in the ice. 今天别去溜冰了--冰上有裂缝很危险. * (fig 比喻) The cracks (ie defects) in the Government's economic policy are beginning to show. 政府经济政策上的失误已渐渐明显. =>illus at chip 见chip之插图. (b) narrow opening 缝隙: She looked through a crack in the curtains. 她透过帘子的缝隙观望. * Open the door a crack, ie Open it very slightly. 把门打开一条缝（打开一点点）.  2 sudden sharp noise 爆裂声; 　啪声: the crack of a pistol shot 　　啪啪的手枪声 * a crack of thunder 一声霹雳.  3 ~ (on sth) sharp blow, usu one that can be heard 重击（通常为可听到响声的）: give sb/get a crack on the head 吧的一声打在某人的头上[头上挨了一下子].  4 ~ (about sth) (infml 口) clever and amusing remark, often critical; joke 俏皮话（常为挖苦人的）; 笑话: She made a crack about his fatness. 她取笑他肥胖.  5 ~ at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt at sth 试做某事物: Have another crack at solving this puzzle. 再试一试把这个难题解决了吧.  6 (idm 习语) the crack of `dawn (infml 口) very early in the morning 黎明; 破晓: get up at the crack of dawn 黎明即起. the crack of `doom the end of the world 世界末日:  (fig 比喻) To get a bus here you have to wait till the crack of doom, ie an extremely long time. 在这儿真要等到世界末日（很久很久以後）才能有公共汽车. a fair crack of the whip => fair1. paper over the cracks => paper.

adj [attrib 作定语] very clever or expert; excellent 精明能干的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的: a crack regiment 劲旅 * He's a crack shot, ie expert at shooting. 他是神枪手.

/kræk; kræk/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause to) develop a crack1(1a) or cracks （使）开裂, 破裂, 爆裂: The ice cracked as I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了. * You can crack this toughened glass, but you can't break it. 这种韧化玻璃只裂不碎. * She has cracked a bone in her arm. 她手臂有一处骨裂. * a cracked mug 有裂纹的缸子.  2 [Tn, Cn.a] break (sth) open or into pieces 砸开或砸碎（某物）: crack a nut 把坚果砸碎 * crack a safe, ie open it to steal from it 砸开保险箱 * crack a casing open 　里啪啦打开包装.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] sth (on/against sth) hit sth sharply 猛击某物: I cracked my head on the low door-frame. 我的头撞在低矮的门框上了.  4 [I, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (cause sth to) make a sharp sound （使某物）发出爆裂声; （使某物）　啪作响: crack a whip, one's knuckles 抽鞭子、屈指节　啪作响 * The hunter's rifle cracked and the deer fell dead. 猎人的枪一响, 鹿即倒地而死.  5 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) cease to resist; (cause sth to) fail （使某人）屈服; （使某事物）垮台: The suspect cracked under questioning. 嫌疑分子在审问之下招供了. * They finally cracked the defence and scored a goal. 他们终于突破了防守, 射进一球.  6 [Tn] (infml 口) solve (a problem, etc) 解决（问题等）: The calculation was difficult, but we finally cracked it. 计算起来很费劲, 然而我们终于解决了. * crack a code, ie decipher it 破译密码.  7 [I] (of the voice) change in depth, loudness, etc suddenly and uncontrollably （指嗓音）突然而失控地改变音色、音量等: In a voice cracking with emotion, he announced the death of his father. 他悲恸失声地宣布了父亲去世的消息. * A boy's voice cracks (ie becomes deeper) at puberty. 男孩在青春期嗓音改变（声音变粗）.  8 [Tn] (infml 口) open (a bottle, esp of alcoholic drink) and drink its contents 开（瓶, 尤指酒瓶）饮用.  9 [Tn] (infml 口) tell (a joke) 说（笑话）.  10 [Tn] (chemistry 化) break down (heavy oils) by heat and pressure to produce lighter oils 使裂化（利用高温高压从质量较重的石油里制取轻油）.  11 (idm 习语) cracked `up to be sth (usu negative 通常作否定) (infml 口) reputed to be sth 号称: He's not such a good writer as he's cracked up to be. 他并不像人们所吹捧的那样是什么杰出的作家. get `cracking (infml 口) begin, esp energetically 开始; （尤指）大干起来: There's a lot to be done, so let's get cracking. 工作很多, 咱们开始干吧.  12 (phr v) crack down (on sb/sth) impose more severe treatment or restrictions on sb/sth （对某人[某事物]）严加处置或限制: Police are cracking down on drug dealers. 警方现对贩毒分子严惩不贷. crack up (infml 口) lose one's physical or mental health （身体）垮掉; （精神）崩溃: You'll crack up if you go on working so hard. 你继续这样拚命干下去, 身体会吃不消的.adj (infml 口) crazy; foolish 疯狂的; 愚蠢的: a crack-brained idea, scheme, etc 愚蠢的念头、计谋等.n ~ (on sb/sth) severe measures to restrict or discourage undesirable or criminal people or actions 制裁; 取缔: a crack-down on tax evasion 对逃税行为的严厉打击.n (infml 口) loss of physical or mental health （身体的）衰退; （精神的）崩溃: a crack-up due to overwork 因操劳过度而招致的身体的衰退./krækt; krækt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) mad; crazy 疯狂; 狂热./ˈkrækə(r); `krækɚ/ n  1 thin flaky dry biscuit, typically eaten with cheese 薄脆饼乾（多与乾酪一起食用）.  2 (a) small firework that explodes with a sharp sound 爆竹; 鞭炮. (b) (also Christmas cracker) party toy consisting of a cardboard tube wrapped in paper that makes a sharp explosive sound as its ends are pulled apart, with a small gift, paper hat, etc inside 彩包爆竹（一种宴会时的娱乐用品, 为一硬的纸筒, 内装小件礼品、纸帽等, 用纸包裹好, 两端一拉即噼啪作响）: a box of crackers 一盒彩包爆竹.  3 (Brit infml approv 口, 褒) attractive girl or woman 迷人的姑娘; 有魅力的女子: What a little cracker she is! 她真是小美人!  4 crackers [pl] = nutcrackers (nut)./ˈkrækəz; `krækɚz/ adj [pred 作表语] (Brit infml 口) mad; crazy 疯狂; 狂热: That noise is driving me crackers/making me go crackers. 那噪声吵得我简直要发狂. * You must be crackers! 你一定是疯了!/ˈkrækɪŋ; `krækɪŋ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (Brit infml 口) excellent 精采的; 棒的: That was a cracking shot he played. 他这一下打得妙极了./ˈkrækl; `krækl/ v [I] make small cracking sounds, as when dry sticks burn 发轻微的爆裂声（如乾柴燃烧时的响声）; 发噼啪声: a crackling camp-fire 噼啪作响的营火 * The twigs crackled as we trod on them. 我们践踏树枝时, 树枝噼啪作响. * (fig 比喻) The atmosphere crackled with tension as the two boxers stepped into the ring. 这两名拳手一登场, 气氛顿时紧张起来.

n [U] series of small cracking sounds 一连串轻微的爆裂声; 噼里啪拉的响声: the distant crackle of machine-gun fire 远处机枪的格格声 * Can you get rid of the crackle on my radio? 你能把我那收音机的杂音除掉吗?n [U] china, etc covered with a network of what appear to be tiny cracks 有细碎纹饰的陶瓷器./ˈkræklɪŋ; `kræklɪŋ/ n [U]  1 small cracking sounds 轻微爆裂声; 　啪声.  2 crisp skin on roast pork （烤猪肉的）脆皮./ˈkrækpɒt; `krækˌpɑt/ n (infml 口) eccentric person with strange or impractical ideas （想法怪异或不 切实际的）怪人, 狂人: [attrib 作定语] crackpot ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的念头、计划等./ˈkræksmən; `kræksmən/ n (pl -men) (dated 旧) burglar 窃贼./ˈkreɪdl; `kredl/ n  1 small bed for a baby, usu shaped like a box with curved parts underneath so that it can move from side to side 摇篮: The mother rocked the baby to sleep in its cradle. 母亲摇动摇篮使婴儿入睡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 ~ of sth (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) place where sth begins 发源地; 策源地; 发祥地: Greece, the cradle of Western culture. 希腊, 西方文化的发源地.  3 (a) framework that looks like or is used like a cradle, eg the structure on which a ship rests while it is being repaired or built 形状或用途近似摇篮的框架（如修造船舶时用以支承的托架）. (b) platform that can be moved up and down an outside wall by means of ropes and pulleys, used by window-cleaners, painters, etc （擦窗工人、油漆工人等使用的依靠绳索及滑轮可沿外墙上下移动的）吊架, 吊篮.  4 part of a telephone on which the receiver rests （电话机的）听筒架, 叉簧.  5 (idm 习语) from the ,cradle to the `grave from birth to death 从生到死; 一生.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) place or hold sb/sth (as if) in a cradle 将某人[某物]（如同）置于摇篮中: cradle a child in one's arms, ie hold it gently, esp rocking it from side to side 把孩子抱在怀里轻轻摇晃./krɑːft; <i>US</i> kræft; kræft/ n  1 [C] occupation, esp one that needs skill in the use of the hands; such a skill or technique 行业; （尤指）手工业; 手艺; 工艺: the potter's craft 陶器业 * teach arts and crafts in a school 在学校里教工艺美术 * He's a master of the actor's craft. 他演技精湛.  2 (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C] (a) boat; ship 船舶: Hundreds of small craft accompany the liner into harbour. 数百只小艇随同这艘班轮驶入港湾. Cf 参看 vessel 1. (b) aircraft; spacecraft 飞行器; 宇宙飞船: The astronauts piloted their craft down to the lunar surface. 宇航员驾驶宇宙飞船在月球表面降落.  3 [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) skill in deceiving; cunning 骗术; 狡诈: achieving by craft and guile what he could not manage by honest means 玩弄诡计和手腕以实现其用正当手段无法实现的企图.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sth) skilfully, esp by hand 精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）: a beautiful hand-crafted silver goblet 美观的手工精制的高脚银杯.adv. n [U]./ˈkrɑːftsmən; <i>US</i> ˈkræfts-; `kræftsmən/ n (pl -men)  1 skilled workman, esp one who makes things by hand 匠人; 能工巧匠（尤指手艺人）.  2 person who attends carefully to the details of a creative task 对创作刻意求工的人: In symphonic writing he is the master craftsman. 他在交响乐曲的创作上堪称技艺大师.n [U]  1 skilled workmanship 技艺; 手艺.  2 careful attention to details, etc 精工细作; 刻意求工.adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) clever in using indirect or deceitful methods to get what one wants; cunning 诡计多端的; 狡猾的: a crafty politician 老奸巨猾的政客 * He's a crafty old fox. 他是一只狡猾的老狐狸. /kræg; kræˇ/ n high, steep or rugged mass of rock 悬崖; 峭壁; 绝壁; 危岩.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 having many crags 多峭壁的; 多危岩的.  2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) (of the face) having strong-looking prominent features (cheek-bones, nose, etc) and deep lines （指面部）五官轮廓分明的: his handsome craggy features 他那五官轮廓分明的英俊相貌./kræm; kræm/ v  1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth/in) push or force too much of sth into sth 将某物塞进某物中; 尽力塞入: cram food into one's mouth, papers into a drawer 把食物塞到嘴里、文件塞进抽屉里 * The room's full; we can't cram any more people in. 屋里满满的, 再也挤不进去人了. (b) [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make sth (too) full 塞满某物; 将某物塞得满满的: cram one's mouth with food 往嘴里塞满食物 * an essay crammed with quotations 引语连篇的文章 * The restaurant was crammed (with people). 餐厅里挤满了（人）.  2 ~ (for sth) (a) [I, Ipr] (infml 口) learn a lot of facts in a short time, esp for an examination 突击式学习（尤指为应考）: cram for a chemistry test 为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚. (b) [Tn] teach (sb) in this way 以注入方式教（某人）: cram pupils 以填鸭方式教学生.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) very full 很满: cram-full of people 人挤得很满.n (dated infml 旧, 口) special school where students are crammed (cram 2b) （搞注入式教学的）专门学校或补习班./kræmp; kræmp/ n  1 [U] sudden and painful tightening of the muscles, usu caused by cold or too much exercise, making movement difficult 痉挛; 抽筋: The swimmer got cramp in his legs and had to be helped out of the water. 游泳者两腿抽筋, 不得不由他人救助出水. * writer's cramp, ie in the muscles of the hand 书写痉挛.  2 cramps [pl] (esp US) severe pain in the stomach 绞痛.

/kræmp; kræmp/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give insufficient space or scope to (sb/sth); hinder or prevent the movement or development of (sb/sth) 限制在狭小的范围内; 阻碍或妨碍（某人[某事物]）的活动或发展: All these difficulties cramped his progress. 所有这些困难阻碍了他的进步. * I feel cramped by the limitations of my job. 我觉得受工作束缚, 没有什么奔头儿.  2 (idm 习语) be cramped for `room/`space be without enough room, etc 缺乏足够的空间等的: We're a bit cramped for space in this attic. 在这间阁楼里我们有点活动不开. cramp sb's `style (infml 口) prevent sb from doing sth freely, or as well as he can 使某人不能放开手脚; 使某人不能施展其才能: It cramps my style to have you watching over me all the time. 你老是盯着我使我放不开手脚.

/kræmp; kræmp/ n  1 (also `cramp-iron) metal bar with bent ends, used in building for holding together timbers or blocks of stone 两爪钉; 扣钉; 爬钉; 弯头钢筋.  2 = clamp 1.

v [Tn] fasten (sth) with a cramp 用两爪钉钩紧（某物）: cramp a beam, wall, etc 用两爪钉把梁、墙等接连在一起.adj  1 (of handwriting) with small letters close together, and therefore difficult to read （指字迹）又小又密而难以辨认的, 密密麻麻的.  2 (of space) narrow and restricted （指空间）狭小的, 受限制的: Our accommodation is rather cramped. 我们住的地方很挤./ˈkræmpɒn; `kræmpɑn/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) metal plate with spikes, worn on shoes for walking or climbing on ice and snow （在冰雪上行走及爬坡时安装在鞋底的）带铁钉鞋底./ˈkrænbərɪ; <i>US</i> -berɪ; `krænˌbɛrɪ/ n small red slightly sour berry of a small bush, used for making jelly and sauce 越橘./kreɪn; kren/ n  1 large bird with long legs, neck and beak 鹤.  2 machine or vehicle with a long movable arm from which heavy weights can be hung in order to lift or move them 吊车; 起重机. =>illus at oil 见oil之插图.

/kreɪn; kren/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] stretch (one's neck) 伸长（脖子）: crane (forward) in order to get a better view （向前）伸着脖子好看得清楚一些 * crane one's neck to see sth 伸长脖子观看某物./ˈkreɪn flaɪ; `kren flaɪ/ (also infml 口语亦作 daddy-`long-legs) n type of fly with very long legs 大蚊（一种足部很长的飞虫）./ˈkreɪnɪəl; `krenɪəl/ adj (anatomy 解) of the skull 头盖骨的; 颅骨的./ˈkreɪnɪəm; `krenɪəm/ n (pl ~s or crania/ 5kreInIE; `krenIE/) (anatomy 解) bony part of the head enclosing the brain; skull 头盖骨; 颅骨./kræŋk; kræŋk/ n L-shaped bar and handle for converting to-and-fro movement to circular movement （用以将往复运动变换为圆周运动的）曲柄, 曲轴: The pedals of a cycle are attached to a crank. 自行车的踏板与曲柄相连. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to turn by means of a crank 用曲柄转动某物: crank (up) an engine, ie start it with a crank 用曲柄启动发动机.

/kræŋk; kræŋk/ n (derog 贬) person with strange fixed ideas, esp on a particular subject; eccentric person 有古怪成见的人（尤指在某问题上）; 有怪癖的人: a health-food crank, ie one who insists on eating unusual food for health reasons 对保健食品有偏好怪癖的人.n shaft that turns or is turned by a crank 曲柄轴.adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 strange; eccentric 古怪的; 怪僻的: a cranky person, idea 古怪的人、念头.  2 (of machines, etc) unreliable; shaky; unsteady （指机器等）靠不住的; 摇晃的; 不稳的: a rattling, cranky old engine 格格作响的、摇晃不稳的旧发动机.  3 (US) bad-tempered 脾气坏的.adj full of crannies 满是窟窿的./ˈkrænɪ; `krænɪ/ n  1 small cavity or opening, eg in a wall 小洞, 小窟窿（如墙壁上的）.  2 (idm 习语) every nook and cranny => nook./kræp; kræp/ v (-pp-) [I] (<!> sl 讳, 俚) defecate 拉屎: a dog crapping on the lawn 在草坪上拉屎的狗.

n (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 [U] excrement 屎.  2 [sing] act of defecating 拉屎: have a crap 拉屎.  3 [U] nonsense; rubbish 胡扯; 废话: You do talk a load of crap! 你净胡说八道!

adj [attrib 作定语] of or for craps 掷双色子赌博的: a crap game 掷双色子的赌博./kreɪp; krep/ n [U] black silk or cotton material with a wrinkled surface, formerly worn as a sign of mourning （旧时为表示哀悼而披戴的）黑色绉绸或绉布. Cf 参看 crepe.adj (sl 俚) bad; worthless; unpleasant 糟糕的; 毫无价值的; 令人生厌的: a crappy book, party, programme 没有意思的书、聚会、节目./kræps; kræps/ n [sing v] (also `crap-shooting [U]) (US) gambling game played with two dice 掷双色子的赌博戏: shoot craps, ie play this game 掷双色子赌博./-ləns; -ləns/ n [U]./ˈkræpjʊlənt; `kræpjᴜlənt/ adj (fml 文) feeling unwell as a result of eating or drinking too much 因饮食过量而感到不适的. /kræʃ; kræʃ/ n  1 (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or breakage 坠落（声）; 撞击（声）; 破裂（声）: the crash of dishes being dropped 摔碎盘碟的声音 * The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了. * His words were drowned in a crash of thunder. 他的话为一阵雷声所淹没. (b) accident involving a vehicle in a collision or some other impact 撞车; （车辆等）碰撞: a crash in which two cars collided 两辆汽车相撞的事故 * a `car crash/an `air crash 汽车撞车事故[飞机坠毁].  2 collapse, esp of a business or stock-market 崩溃; 垮台; （尤指）倒闭; （证券市场）暴跌: The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade. 1929年的经济大萧条摧毁了国际贸易.

adj [attrib 作定语] done intensively to achieve quick results 突击式的; 速成的: a crash course in computer programming 计算机程序设计速成课程 * a crash diet 速效饮食.

adv with a crash 哗啦一声地: The vase fell crash on to the tiles. 花瓶哗啦一声掉在瓷砖上.

/kræʃ; kræʃ/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fall or strike (sth) suddenly and noisily 突然倒下, 撞击（某物）发出声响: The rocks crashed (down) onto the car. 岩石轰隆一声砸在汽车上. * The tree crashed through the window. 树哗啦一声倒入窗内. * The dishes crashed to the floor. 碗碟哗啦一声掉在地板上. * She crashed the plates (down) on the table. 她哗啦一声把那些盘子摔到桌上. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) have a collision （使某物）猛撞: The plane crashed (into the mountain). 飞机撞毁（在山上）了. * He crashed his car (into a wall). 他把汽车撞（到墙上）了. * a crashed car, plane 撞毁的汽车、坠毁的飞机. (c) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move noisily or violently （使某物）轰然或猛然冲, 闯: an enraged elephant crashing about in the undergrowth 被激怒了的大象, 在矮树丛中东奔西窜 * He crashed the trolley through the doors. 他推着小脚轮车乒乒乓乓地过了几道门.  2 [I] make a loud noise 发出巨响: The thunder crashed. 雷声隆隆.  3 [I] (of a business company, government, etc) fail suddenly; collapse （指企业、政府等）突然倒台, 崩溃: The company crashed with debts of ￡2 million. 那家公司因负债2百万英镑而告破产.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) = gatecrash (gate). 5 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (sl 俚 esp US) sleep in an improvised bed, esp when very tired 在临时床铺上睡觉（尤指困极时）: Mind if I crash (out) on your floor tonight? 今晚我在你家打地铺行吗?  6 (idm 习语) a crashing `bore very boring person 讨厌鬼.fence, rail, etc to restrain crowds, divide vehicles travelling in opposite directions on a motorway, etc （限制人群通行的）隔离栅; （高速公路等的双程行车道之间的）防撞护栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.hat made of very strong material (eg metal), worn by motor-cyclists, racing drivers, etc to protect the head （摩托车手、赛车驾驶员等戴的）防撞头盔.n sudden dive made by a submarine or an aircraft, eg to avoid being attacked （潜艇或飞机为免受攻击而实行的）紧急下潜或下降.  v [I] dive in this way （潜艇）紧急下潜; （飞机）紧急下降.v [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) or be landed roughly in an emergency, usu with resulting damage （使飞行器）强行着陆. n landing of this kind 强行着陆: make a crash-landing 实行强行着陆./kræs; kræs/ adj (-er, -est) (fml derog 文, 贬)  1 [attrib 作定语] complete; very great; utter 完全的; 十足的; 彻头彻尾的: crass stupidity, ignorance, etc 极度的愚钝、无知等.  2 very stupid; insensitive 愚不可及的; 感觉迟钝的: Don't talk to him: he's so crass. 别跟他费口舌了, 他太笨了. adv. n [U]./kreɪt; kret/ n  1 (a) large wooden container for transporting goods （运货用的）大木箱, 板条箱: a crate of car components 一箱汽车零部件. (b) container made of metal, plastic, etc divided into compartments for transporting or storing bottles 周转箱（运送或存放瓶子的分格容器）: a crate of milk 一箱牛奶. =>illus at box 见box之插图.  2 (a) (sl joc 俚, 谑) worn-out car 破旧的汽车. (b) (dated air force sl 旧, 空军, 俚) aircraft 飞机.

v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put sth in a crate 将某物装入大木箱或板条箱中: crating (up) a machine 把机器装入大木箱中./ˈkreɪtə(r); `kretɚ/ n  1 hole in the top of a volcano 火山口. =>illus at volcano 见volcano之插图.  2 hole in the ground made by the explosion of a bomb or shell, or by a meteorite landing, etc 弹坑或陨石坑等.lake in the crater of an extinct volcano 火山口湖./krəˈvæt; krə`væt/ n short strip of decorative material worn by men round the neck, folded inside the collar of a shirt 男用围巾（系于衬衫衣领内）./kreɪv; krev/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth have a strong desire for sth 渴望; 渴求某事物: I was craving for a drink. 我非常想喝一点. * giving her the admiration she craves 给予她渴望得到的赞赏.  2 [Tn] (arch 古) ask for (sth) earnestly; beg for 恳求（某事物）; 祈求: crave sb's mercy/forgiveness/indulgence 恳求某人宽恕[原谅/赦免]./ˈkreɪvn; `krevən/ adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的: craven behaviour, submission, etc 怯儒的行为、顺服的举动 * a craven deserter 胆怯的逃兵.n ~ (for sth) strong desire 强烈的愿望: a craving for food 想吃东西的强烈愿望./ˈkrɔːfɪʃ; `krɔˌfɪʃ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) = crayfish./krɔːl; krɔl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) move slowly, with the body on or close to the ground, or on hands and knees 爬; 爬行; 匍匐行进: a snake crawling along (the ground) 在（地上）爬行的蛇 * A baby crawls (around) before it can walk. 婴儿先能（到处）爬, 然後才会走. * The wounded man crawled to the phone. 那伤者爬到电话跟前. (b) (of traffic, vehicles, etc) move very slowly （指来往行人、车辆等）缓慢地行进, 徐缓而行: The traffic crawled over the bridge in the rush-hour. 在高峰时刻桥上的车辆行驶缓慢.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) be covered with, or full of, things that crawl 爬满; 满是爬行之物: The ground was crawling with ants. 地上满是蚂蚁. * (fig 比喻) The area was crawling with (ie was full of) police. 这个地区布满了警察.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (infml derog 口, 贬) try to gain sb's favour by praising him, doing what will please him, etc 拍马屁: She's always crawling (to the boss). 她老是拍（上司的）马屁.  4 (idm 习语) make one's/sb's flesh crawl/creep => flesh.

n  1 (a) [sing] (derog 贬) very slow pace 极慢的速度: traffic moving at a crawl 缓慢蠕动的来往车辆. (b) [C] crawling movement 爬动: the baby's laborious crawl 婴儿费劲的爬动.  2 (often 常作 the crawl) [sing] fast swimming stroke using overarm movements of each arm in turn, accompanied by rapid kicks with the feet 爬泳; 自由泳: Can you do the crawl? 你会自由泳吗?n  1 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) person who crawls (crawl 3) 奴颜婢膝的人; 马屁精.  2 crawlers [pl] overalls made for a baby to crawl about in （婴儿穿的）连衫罩裤./ˈkreɪfɪʃ; `kreˌfɪʃ/ (also crawfish) n (pl unchanged 复数不变) freshwater shellfish like a small lobster （淡水的）螯虾, 小龙虾./ˈkreɪən; `kreən/ n pencil or stick of soft coloured chalk, wax or charcoal, used for drawing （绘画用的）铅笔, 彩色粉笔, 蜡笔, 炭笔: [attrib 作定语] a crayon drawing 彩色蜡笔画.

v [I, Tn] draw (sth) with crayons 用彩色粉笔、蜡笔或炭笔绘画./kreɪz; krez/ n (a) ~ (for sth) enthusiastic, usu brief, interest in sth 对某事物的狂热（通常为时短暂）: a craze for collecting beer-mats 对搜集啤酒杯垫子的浓厚兴趣 * the current punk-hairstyle craze 时下对鲜艳彩色发式的狂热. (b) object of such an interest 狂热的对象: Skateboards are the latest craze. 滑板运动是目前最时兴的玩意儿./kreɪzd; krezd/ (also half-crazed) adj ~ (with sth) wildly excited; insane 狂热的; 疯狂的: a crazed look, expression, etc 狂热的样子、表情等 * She was crazed with grief. 她悲痛欲绝. * drug-crazed fanatics 嗜毒如命的瘾君子.adv. n [U]./ˈkreɪzɪ; `krezɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (infml 口) (a) insane 疯狂的; 精神失常的: He's crazy; he ought to be locked up. 他疯了, 应该把他关起来. * That noise is driving me crazy/making me go crazy, ie annoying me very much. 那噪声吵得我要发狂. (b) very foolish; not sensible 荒唐的; 糊涂的: a crazy person, idea, suggestion 荒唐的人、念头、建议等 * You must be crazy to go walking in such awful weather. 你一定头脑发昏了, 这么恶劣的天气还去散步. * She's crazy to lend him the money. 她把钱借给他, 真糊涂.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth/sb) (infml 口) wildly excited; enthusiastic 狂热; 热衷: The kids went crazy when the film star appeared. 那位影星一出场, 孩子们欣喜若狂. * I'm crazy about steam-engines. 我对蒸汽机着了迷. * She's crazy about him, ie loves him a lot. 她为他而神魂颠倒.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of pavements, quilts, etc) made up of irregularly shaped pieces fitted together （指人行道、被褥等）由不规则的碎块拼成的: crazy paving 碎纹石路.  4 (idm 习语) like `crazy (used as an adv 用如副词) (infml 口) very intensely; very much 极度; 非常: work, talk, etc like crazy 拚命干、讲等 * run like crazy, ie very fast 拚命跑. /kriːk; krik/ v [I] make a harsh sound like that of an unoiled door-hinge, or badly-fitting floor-boards when trodden on （作）嘎吱声（如缺油的门铰链或松动的地板踩上去时所发出的刺耳声音）: The wooden cart creaked as it moved along. 这辆板车走动时嘎吱嘎吱地响. * the creaking joints of an old man 老头儿咯吧作响的关节.

n such a sound 嘎吱声. adv.adj (-ier, -iest) that creaks 嘎吱作响的: a creaky floor-board 嘎吱作响的地板 * (fig 比喻) The Government's policy is looking rather creaky, ie as if about to fail. 政府的政策看来行不通了. /kriːm; krim/ n  1 [U] thick yellowish-white liquid that is the fatty part of milk 奶油; 乳脂: peaches and cream 奶油桃子 * put cream in one's coffee 在咖啡里加奶油 * whipped cream 搅打过的奶油 * [attrib 作定语] cream buns, cake, etc, ie containing cream 奶油面包、蛋糕等.  2 [C, U] type of food containing or similar to cream 含奶油食品; 奶油状食品: ice-cream 冰激凌 * chocolate creams, ie soft chocolate sweets 巧克力奶糖.  3 [U] smooth paste or thick liquid used as a cosmetic, in medicine, for polishing, etc 乳霜; 乳膏: `face-cream * `cold-cream * antiseptic cream.  4 the cream (also the creme de la creme) [sing] ~ (of sth) the best part of sth 精华; 精髓: the cream of the crop 最好的一部分庄稼 * The cream of this year's graduates will get high-paid jobs. 本届毕业的高材生将获得高薪职位.

adj yellowish-white 淡黄色的; 乳白色的: a cream dress, jacket, etc 米色的衣服、夹克等 * cream paper 淡黄色的纸.

/kriːm; krim/ v [Tn]  1 mash (cooked vegetables, esp potatoes) with added milk or butter until they are soft and smooth 将（熟的蔬菜, 尤指土豆）制成糊状并加入牛奶或黄油.  2 mix (sth) together into a soft smooth paste 将某物搅和成糊状混合物: cream butter and sugar 将黄油和糖搅成糊状.  3 (phr v) cream sb/sth off take away (the best people or things) 带走（最拔尖的人或物）: The most able pupils are creamed off and put into special classes. 最有才华的学生被挑选出来编入特别班. * Our best scientists are being creamed off by other countries. 我们最优秀的科学家被其他国家吸引而外流.soft white cheese containing a lot of cream 奶油乾酪.purified form of tartaric acid, used for making baking powder 酒石; 酒石酸氢钾.(Brit) meal consisting of tea with scones, jam and whipped cream （英国）奶油茶点./ˈkriːmərɪ; `krimərɪ/ n  1 place where milk, cream, butter, etc are sold 乳制品商店.  2 place where butter and cheese are made 乳品厂.adj (-ier, -iest) looking and feeling like cream; containing much cream 奶油状的; 奶油般的; 含有大量奶油的: creamy soup, yoghurt, etc 奶油汤、酸奶./kriːs; kris/ n  1 line made on cloth, paper, etc by crushing, folding or pressing 摺线; 摺缝; 摺痕; 皱纹: iron a crease into one's trousers 用熨斗在裤子上烫一道摺线 * crease-resistant cloth, ie that does not easily get creases in it 防皱布.  2 wrinkle in the skin, esp on the face 皮肤上（尤指面部）的皱纹: creases round an old man's eyes 老人眼边的皱纹.  3 (in cricket) white line made at each end of the pitch to mark the positions of the bowler and batsman （板球）标示投球手和击球手位置的白线. =>illus at cricket 见 cricket 之插图.

v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) get creases; make a crease or creases in (sth) （使某物）起皱; 弄皱（某物）: material that creases easily 容易起皱的布料 * Pack the clothes carefully so that you don't crease them. 把衣服细心装好, 免得弄皱了.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (Brit infml 口) amuse sb greatly 使某人乐不可支: Her jokes really creased me (up). 她的笑话真笑得我直不起腰来./kriːˈeɪt; krɪ`et/ v  1 [Tn] cause (sth) to exist; make (sth new or original) 创造; 创建; 创作: God created the world. 上帝创造世界. * A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节. * create a role, ie (of an actor) be the first to play it 创演角色（指演员为某一角色的最初扮演者） * create more jobs 提供更多的就业机会.  2 [Tn] have (sth) as a result; produce 引起; 产生: His shabby appearance creates a bad impression. 他那寒酸的样子给人留下不好的印象. * The outrageous book created a sensation. 那部耸人听闻的书曾轰动一时. * create a fuss, ie express anger, annoyance, etc 发脾气.  3 [Tn, Cn.n esp passive 尤用于被动语态] give (sb) a certain rank 任命; 册封: create eight new peers 新封了八个贵族 * He was created Baron of Banthorp. 他被封为班绍普男爵.  4 [I] (Brit infml 口) be angry, cause trouble, etc 生气; 惹事: She really created because she wasn't served first. 她的确生气了, 因为没有首先为她服务./kriːˈeɪʃn; krɪ`eʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] action of creating 创造; 产生: the creation of the world in seven days 七天的创世过程 * the creation of a good impression 良好印象的产生 * Economic conditions may be responsible for the creation of social unrest. 经济状况不佳可能是造成社会动乱的根源. (b) (usu 通常作 the Creation) [sing] making of the world, esp by God as told in the Bible 创造世界（尤指《圣经》中所说的上帝创造世界）.  2 (often 常作 Creation) [U] all created things 所有的创造物; 天地万物: all of God's creation 神所创造的一切 * the biggest liar in Creation, ie a very great liar 瞎话大王.  3 [C] (a) thing made, esp by means of skill or intelligence 创造物; （尤指凭藉技艺和才智的）作品: the creations of poets and artists 诗人和艺术家的作品 * The chef had produced one of his most spectacular creations, a whole roasted swan. 这位厨师做出了他最拿手的好菜--一整只烤天鹅. (b) new type of garment or hat （服装或帽子的）新式样: the latest creations from London's fashion houses 伦敦时装商店的最新款式服装./kriːˈeɪtɪv; krɪ`etɪv/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of or involving creation 创造的; 创造性的; 创作的: The writer described the creative process. 这位作家叙述了创作的过程. * He teaches creative writing, ie teaches people to write fiction, plays, etc. 他教写作.  2 able to create 有创造力的: She's very creative; she writes and paints. 她很有创作能力, 既从事写作又从事绘画. adv. n [U]. /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvətɪ; ˌkrie`tɪvətɪ/ n [U]./kriːˈeɪtə(r); krɪ`etɚ/ n  1 [C] person who creates 创造者; 创作者: Shakespeare, the creator of Hamlet 莎士比亚--哈姆雷特的塑造者.  2 the Creator [sing] God 上帝; 造物主./ˈkriːtʃə(r); `kritʃɚ/ n  1 living being, esp an animal 生物; （尤指）动物: dumb creatures, ie animals 不会说话的动物 * Your dog's a ferocious creature! 你的狗真凶! * creatures from Mars 来自火星的生物.  2 (with a preceding adj 用于形容词之後) person 人: What a lovely creature! ie a beautiful woman. 多么美丽的女人哪! * a poor creature, ie a pitiable person 可怜的人.  3 (idm 习语) sb's creature/the creature of sb (fml derog 文, 贬) person who is totally dependent on sb else, and does whatever he wants 受人支配者; （他人的）驯服工具; 奴才; 走狗: The king would appoint one of his creatures to the post. 国王要派他的一名奴仆去任这差事. a creature of `habit person whose daily life tends to be governed by habit 习惯的奴隶（日常生活受制于习惯的人）.things needed for bodily comfort, eg food, drink, warmth, etc 物质享受所需之事物（如饮食、保暖等）./kreɪʃ, kreʃ; kreʃ/ n  1 (Brit) nursery where babies are looked after while their mothers work 托儿所.  2 (US) = crib./ˈkriːdns; `kridns/ n (idm 习语) attach/give credence to sth (fml 文) believe (gossip, reports, etc) 相信（流言蜚语、传言等）: I attach little credence to what she says. 我对她的话姑妄听之. lend credence to sth/gain credence (fml 文) make sth/become more believable 使某事物[变得]更为可信./krɪˈdenʃlz; krɪ`dɛnʃəlz/ n [pl]  1 ~ (for/as sth); ~ (to do sth) qualities, achievements, etc that make one suitable; qualifications （学历、资历等的）资格: She has the perfect credentials for the job. 她做这工作完全够格.  2 documents showing that a person is what he claims to be, is trustworthy, etc （某人合乎条件、可以信任等的）证明书, 证件: I examined his credentials. 我查验了他的证件./ˌkredəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌkrɛdə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]  1 quality of being believable 可信性; 可靠性.  2 quality of being generally accepted and trusted 信用; 信誉: After the recent scandal the Government has lost all credibility. 经过最近这次丑闻之後, 政府完全失去了人们的信任.difference between what sb says and what is generally thought to be true 信用差距（某人所说的话与公众认为的真相之间的差距）: the growing credibility gap that crippled Nixon's presidency 危及尼克松的总统地位的不断扩大的信用差距./ˈkredəbl; `krɛdəbl/ adj that can be believed; believable 可信的; 可靠的: a credible witness, statement, report 可信的证人、陈词、报道 * It seems barely credible, ie seems almost impossible to believe. 这似乎难以置信. * Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent? 是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法?/-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv: I am credibly informed that..., ie I have been told by sb who can be believed. 我从可靠的方面获悉..../ˈkredɪt; `krɛdɪt/ n  1 (a) [U] permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in this way 赊购; 赊购制度: refuse/grant sb credit 拒绝[允许]某人赊购物品 * No credit is given at this shop, ie Payment must be in cash. 本店概不赊欠. * I bought it on credit, ie did not have to pay for it until some time after I got it. 我以赊购方式买下了它. * High interest rates make credit expensive. 由于利率很高, 赊购并不划算. * give sb six months' interest-free credit, ie allow sb to pay within six months, without adding an extra charge for interest 给予某人六个月的无息赊欠期 * [attrib 作定语] a credit period, agreement, limit 赊欠期限、协议、限额. (b) [U] sum of money in sb's bank account （某人银行帐户中的）存款数额: How much do I have to my credit? ie How much money is in my account? 我帐上有多少存款? * Your account is in credit, ie There is money in it. 你的帐上有余额. * [attrib 作定语] I have a credit balance of 250. 我帐上有250英镑的存款余额. (c) [C] sum of money lent by a bank, etc; loan （银行等的）借款; 贷款: The bank refused further credits to the company. 银行拒绝再向这家公司提供贷款. (d) [C] (in bookkeeping) (written record of a) payment received （簿记中的）付方, 贷方: Is this item a debit or a credit? 这笔帐属于借方还是属于贷方? Cf 参看 debit.  2 [U] ~ (for sth) praise; approval; recognition (used esp with the vs shown) 称赞; 赏识; 表扬（尤与以下示例中的动词连用）: He got all the credit for the discovery. 这一发现全都归功于他了. * I can't take any credit; the others did all the work. 我不能接受任何荣誉, 所有的工作都是别人做的. * She was given the credit for what I had done. 事情是我做的, 她却受到称赞. * At least give him credit for trying, ie praise him, even though he did not succeed. 至少也应该肯定他敢于尝试（虽未取得成功也该给予表扬）. * Give credit where it's due. 该表扬就给予表扬. * There was little credit for those who had worked hardest. 几乎没表扬那些工作最努力的人. * His courage has brought great credit to/reflects credit on (ie gives a good reputation to) his regiment. 他很勇敢使他所在的团大为增光.  3 [U] belief; trust; confidence 相信; 信任; 信赖: The rumour is gaining credit, ie More and more people believe it. 相信那谣言的人越来越多了. * Recent developments lend credit to (ie strengthen belief in) previous reports. 最近的事态发展说明先前的报道是可靠的.  4 credits [pl] (also credit titles) list of actors, director, cameramen, etc who worked on a film, TV programme, etc, shown at the beginning or end 片头字幕, 片尾字幕（在电影、电视节目等的片头或片尾所显示的演员、导演、摄制人员等的名单）.  5 [C] (US education 教) entry on a record showing that a student has completed a course 学分: gain credits in Math and English 取得数学课和英语课的学分.  6 [sing] addition to the reputation or good name of sb/sth 为某人[某事物]增光: This brilliant pupil is a credit to his teachers. 这名优秀生为老师增了光.  7 (idm 习语) be to sb's credit; do sb credit; do credit to sb/sth make sb worthy of praise 使某人值得赞扬: Jack, to his credit, refused to get involved. 杰克好就好在拒不参与. * It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found; your honesty does you credit. 你拾金不昧是非常难能可贵的; 你很诚实, 应该受表扬. * His improved performance does credit to his trainer. 他的表演有进步, 这应该归功于他的教练. * It does her credit that she managed not to get angry. 她沉住气没发脾气, 这是值得称赞的. have sth to one's credit have achieved sth 完成某事物: He is only thirty, and already he has four films to his credit, ie he has made four films. 他才三十岁, 却已拍过四部影片了.

/ˈkredɪt; `krɛdɪt/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sth; ~ sth to sb/sth (a) believe that sb/sth has sth; attribute sth to sb/sth 认为某人[某事物]有某事物; 把某事物归功于某人[某事物]: Until now I've always credited you with more sense. 在这以前, 我一直都认为你不至如此糊涂. * The relics are credited with miraculous powers. 这些早期遗物被认为具有神奇的力量. * Miraculous powers are credited to the relics. 人们认为这些早期遗物具有神奇的力量. (b) record an amount as being paid into sb's bank account 把金额记入某人银行帐户的贷方: credit a customer with 8 把8英镑记入客户贷方 * credit 8 to a customer/an account 在客户[帐户]的贷方记入8英镑.  2 [Tn] (used mainly in questions and negative sentences 主要用于疑问句及否定句) believe (sth) 相信（某事物）: Would you credit it? ie It is incredible. 你相信吗? * I can barely credit what she said. 我简直不能相信她的话.account with a shop, store, etc that allows one to pay for goods at fixed intervals (eg monthly) rather than immediately 赊销帐项（商店等为顾客定期, 如按月, 付款赊购物品 的帐项）.card that allows its holder to buy goods and services on credit 信用卡.(commerce 商) note given to a customer who has returned goods to the seller, allowing him to have other goods with a value equal to those returned 信用票据, 贷方单据（退货顾客用以换取等值的其他货物的凭证）.assessment of how reliable sb is in paying for goods bought on credit （对某人以记帐方式购物的付款情况作出的）信誉评估, 信用等级.government policy of controlling inflation by making it difficult to borrow money, eg by raising interest rates 信用紧缩（政府为控制通货膨胀而采取的措施, 如藉提高利率以增加借款之困难）.transfer of money direct from one bank account to another, without using a cheque 银行转帐.n right-hand side of an account, on which payments received are recorded 付方; 贷方: (fig 比喻) We've lost some experienced players, but on the credit-side (ie at least there is this favourable aspect) there are some useful young ones coming into the team. 我们少了一些有经验的运动员, 然而事情也有好的一面, 有些年轻的生力军加入了本队.n [U].adj (of people, business firms, etc) accepted as safe to give credit to, because reliable in making repayment （指人、工商企业等）信用可靠的, 有资格接受贷款的./ˈkredɪtəbl; `krɛdɪtəbl/ adj ~ (to sb) deserving praise (although perhaps not outstandingly good); bringing credit1(2) 值得赞扬的（虽然可能并非特别好）; 带来荣誉的: a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力、表现等 * creditable work, progress, etc 应予肯定的工作、进步等 * conduct that is very creditable to him 给他带来极好声誉的行为. /ˈkredɪtəblɪ; `krɛdɪtəblɪ/ adv: She performed very creditably in the exam. 她考得好极了./ˈkredɪtə(r); `krɛdɪtɚ/ n person to whom money is owed 债主; 债权人: His creditors are demanding to be paid. 他的那些债主正在讨债./ˈkriːdəʊ, ˈkreɪdəʊ; `krido, `kredo/ n (pl ~s) creed 信条: her extremist political credo 她那极端主义的政治信条./krɪˈdjuːlətɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈduː-; krə`dulətɪ/ n [U] too great a readiness to believe things 轻信: a statement which stretches/strains one's credulity to the limit, ie is almost impossible to believe 简直难以置信的陈述./ˈkredjʊləs; <i>US</i> -dʒə-; `krɛdʒələs/ adj too ready to believe things 轻信的: credulous people who believe what the advertisements say 轻信广告的人.  adv./kriːd; krid/ n  1 [C] system of beliefs or opinions, esp religious beliefs 信条, 教义（尤指宗教信仰）: people of all colours and creeds, ie of all sorts 各种肤色和各种宗教信仰的人 * What is your political creed? 你的政治信仰如何?  2 the Creed [sing] short summary of Christian belief, esp as said or sung as part of a church service 使徒信条./kriːk; <i>US</i> also krɪk; krik/ n  1 (Brit) narrow stretch of water flowing inland from a coast; inlet 小海湾; 小港湾.  2 (US) small river; stream 小河; 溪流.  3 (idm 习语) up the `creek (infml 口) in difficulties 处于困境: I'm really up the creek without my car. 我没有了汽车实在不方便./kriːl; kril/ n angler's wicker basket for holding the fish he catches （钓鱼者用的）鱼篓./kriːp; krip/ v (pt, pp crept)  1 [Ipr, Ip] move slowly, quietly or stealthily, esp crouching low 慢慢地、悄悄地或偷偷地移动（尤指弯着腰走）: The cat crept silently towards the bird. 那只猫一声不响地接近那只鸟. * She crept up to him from behind. 她从後面蹑手蹑脚地走近他. * The thief crept along the corridor. 那个贼偷偷摸摸地穿过走廊. * (fig 比喻) A feeling of drowsiness crept over him. 他不禁感到昏昏欲睡. * (fig 比喻) Old age creeps up on you (ie approaches you stealthily) before you realize it. 人不知不觉地就变老了. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of plants) grow along the ground, up walls, etc （指植物）蔓生, 匍匐, 攀附: Ivy had crept up the castle walls. 常春藤爬上了城堡的围墙. * a creeping vine 蔓生的葡萄树.  3 (idm 习语) make one's/sb's flesh crawl/creep => flesh.

n  1 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who tries to win sb's favour by always agreeing with him, doing things for him, etc 溜须拍马的人.  2 (idm 习语) give sb the `creeps (infml 口) (a) (of fear or horror) cause an unpleasant sensation in the skin, as if things are creeping over it （指恐惧或憎恶）毛骨悚然, 汗毛直竖, 起鸡皮疙瘩. (b) make sb feel extreme dislike; repel sb 使某人厌恶或反感: I don't like him: he gives me the creeps. 我不喜欢他, 他这人很讨厌./ˈkriːpə(r); `kripɚ/ n plant that grows along the ground, up walls, etc, often winding itself round other plants 匍匐植物; 攀援植物.adj [attrib 作定语] (of sth bad) gradual （指坏事）逐渐发展的, 日趋严重的: The disease results in creeping paralysis. 这种病可发展成脊髓痨. * creeping inflation in the housing market 房产价格的不断上涨./ˈkriːpɪ; `kripɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 causing or having an unpleasant feeling of fear or horror 令人毛骨悚然的; 不寒而栗的: a creepy ghost story 令人毛骨悚然的鬼故事 * a sight that makes you feel creepy 使人不寒而栗的情景.  2 disturbingly strange 怪异的; 离奇的: That was a really creepy coincidence. 那样的巧合实在太离奇了./ˌkriːpɪˈkrɔːlɪ; ˌkripɪ`krɔlɪ/ n (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) insect, spider, etc thought of as unpleasant or frightening （使人厌恶或使人害怕的）昆虫、蜘蛛等./krɪˈmeɪt; `krimet/ v [Tn] burn (a dead body) to ashes, esp ceremonially at a funeral 火化（尸体）; （尤指）火葬: He wants to be cremated, not buried. 他要火葬, 不要土葬./krɪˈmeɪʃn; krɪ`meʃən/ n [C, U] (act of) cremating 火化; 火葬./ˌkreməˈtɔːrɪəm; ˌkrɛmə`tɔrɪəm/ n (pl ~s or  -oria / -R:rIE; -RrIE/) (also esp US crematory) / 5kremEtErI; US -tR:rI; `krimE9tRrI/ building in which bodies are cremated 火葬场./ˌkrem də lɑː ˈkrem; ˌkrɛmdəla`krɛm/ n the creme de la creme (French 法)  = cream 4./ˌkrem də ˈmɒnθ; krɛmdə`mɛnθ/ n [U, C] (French 法) sweet thick green liqueur flavoured with peppermint 薄荷甜酒./ˈkrenəleɪtɪd; `krɛnlˌetɪd/ adj having battlements 有雉堞的: a crenellated castle/wall 有雉堞的城堡[墙]. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图./ˈkriːəʊl; `kriol/ n  1 [C, U] language formed by a blending of two other languages, and used as the main language in the community in which it is spoken 混合语（由不同语言混合而成, 用作某群体的主要语言）. Cf 参看 pidgin.  2 (usu 通常作 Creole) [C] (a) descendant (either direct or of mixed European and African descent) of the original European settlers in the West Indies or Spanish America （西印度群岛的或通用西班牙语的美洲国家的）克里奥尔人（欧洲初期移民的後裔, 或这些移民与非洲人的混血後代）. (b) descendant of the original French or Spanish settlers in the southern states of the USA （美国南方各州的）克里奥尔人（法国或西班牙初期移民的後裔）: [attrib 作定语] Creole cuisine 克里奥尔式烹饪./ˈkrɪəsəʊt; `kriəˌsot/ n [U] thick brown oily liquid obtained from coal tar, used to preserve wood 杂酚油, 木馏油（木材防腐剂）.

v [Tn] paint (sth) with creosote 用杂酚油涂（某物）./ˈkreɪp; krep/ n  1 [U] light thin fabric with a wrinkled surface 绉绸; 绉布; 绉织品. Cf 参看 crape.  2 (also crepe rubber) [U] tough rubber produced in sheets with a wrinkled surface, used for the soles of shoes 绉胶: crepe-soled shoes 绉胶底的鞋.thin paper with a wavy or wrinkled surface 绉纹纸./ˈkrepɪteɪt; `krɛpəˌtet/ v [I] (fml or medical 文或医) make sharp crackling or grating sounds 发爆裂声; 发磨擦声./ˌkrepɪˈteɪʃn; ˌkrɛpə`teʃən/ n [U, C] (fml or medical 文或医) crepitating (sound) 爆裂声; 磨擦声: the telltale crepitation of a broken bone 显示骨折的爆裂声.pt, pp of creep./krɪˈpʌskjʊlə(r); krɪ`pʌskjəlɚ/ adj (fml 文)  1 of or like twilight; dim 黎明或黄昏（般）的; 朦胧的; 昏暗的: crepuscular shadows 阴影.  2 (of animals) active at twilight or dawn （指动物）在黎明或黄昏时分活动的: Bats are crepuscular creatures. 蝙蝠是在黎明或黄昏时分活动的动物./krɪˈʃendəʊ; krə`ʃɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音) of or with increasing loudness （指音乐）渐强的: a crescendo passage 渐强的乐节.

n (pl ~s)  1 (music 音) gradual increase in loudness （音量的）渐强.  2 (fig 比喻) climax; high point 高潮; 顶点: The advertising campaign reached a crescendo at Christmas. 在圣诞节期间, 广告战已达到高潮. Cf 参看 diminuendo./ˈkresnt; `krɛsnt/ n  1 [C] (a) (thing with a) narrow curved shape that tapers to a point at each end, like the new moon 新月形（物）; 月牙形（物）. (b) (street consisting of a) semicircular row of houses or other buildings 半圆形的一排房屋或其他建筑物; 半圆形的街区 滋illus 见插图.  2 the Crescent [sing] (fig 比喻) the faith and religion of Islam 伊斯兰教: the Cross (ie Christianity) and the Crescent 基督教和伊斯兰教./kres; krɛs/ n [U] any of various small plants with hot-tasting leaves used in salads and sandwiches 水芹（叶味辛辣, 用于色拉和三明治）./krest; krɛst/ n  1 tuft of feathers on a bird's head 羽冠.  2 (a) top of a slope or hill 坡顶; 山顶. (b) white top of a large wave 浪尖; 波峰. =>illus at surfing 见surfing之插图.  3 design above the shield on a coat of arms, often represented on a seal or on notepaper （盾形纹章上方的）饰章（常用于印信或信笺）: the family crest, ie one above the family's coat of arms 家族饰章（标记于家族的盾形纹章上方的）.  4 (a) decorative tuft or plume formerly worn on top of a soldier's helmet （旧时军人头盔顶上的）羽饰. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) helmet 头盔.  5 (idm 习语) on the crest of a `wave at the point of greatest success, happiness, etc 在最成功、最得意的时候: After its election victory, the party was on the crest of a wave. 该党在选举获胜後如日中天.

v  1 [Tn] reach the crest of (a hill, etc) 达到（山等）的顶端: As we crested the hill, we saw the castle. 我们登上山顶, 看见了城堡.  2 [I] (of a wave) form into a crest （指波浪）形成浪尖.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 having a crest(3) 有饰章的: crested notepaper 有饰章的信笺.  2 (used in names of birds 用在鸟类名称中) having a crest(1) 有羽冠的: the great crested grebe 有羽冠的大辟 (grebe)./ˈkrestfɔːlən; `krɛstˌfɔlən/ adj sad because of unexpected failure, disappointment, etc 垂头丧气的; 心灰意懒的./krɪˈteɪʃəs; krɪ`teʃəs/ adj (geology 地质)  1 of or like chalk 白垩质的; 似白垩的: cretaceous rock 白垩质的岩石.  2 Cretaceous of the geological period when chalk-rocks were formed 白垩纪: Cretaceous fossils 白垩纪的化石./ˈkretɪn; <i>US</i> ˈkriːtn; `kritɪn/ n  1 (medical 医) person who is deformed and of very low intelligence because of a disease of the thyroid gland 呆小病（克汀病）患者.  2 (<!> offensive 讳, 蔑) very stupid person 笨蛋; 白痴: Why did you do that, you cretin? 你为什么做那事, 你这个笨蛋? /ˈkretɪnəs; <i>US</i> ˈkriːt-;`kritɪnəs/ adj./ˈkretɒn; krɪ`tɑn/ n [U] thick cotton cloth with printed designs, used for curtains, furniture covers, etc 印花厚棉布（作窗帘、家具套等）./krɪˈvs; krə`væs/ n deep open crack in the ice of a glacier （冰川的）裂口, 裂隙./ˈkrevɪs; `krɛvɪs/ n narrow opening or crack in a rock, wall, etc （岩石、墙壁等的）裂缝, 缺口./kruː; kru/ n [CGp]  1 (a) people working on a ship, an aircraft, an oil-rig, etc （轮船、飞行器、钻井平台等上的）工作人员. (b) these people, except the officers （上述的）工作人员（不包括高级职员）: the officers and crew of the SS London 伦敦号轮船的全体工作人员. (c) rowing team 划艇队: the Cambridge crew 剑桥大学赛艇队.  2 group of people working together; gang 一道工作的班子; 队; 组: a track-repair crew 轨道维修组 * a camera crew 电影（或电视）摄制组.  3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) group of people （人的）一伙, 一帮: The people she'd invited were a pretty motley crew. 她请的人相当杂.

v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sb/on sth) act as (a member of) the crew on (sth) 充当（某集体）的工作人员: Will you crew for me on my yacht? 你愿意在我的快艇上当水手吗? * Men are needed to crew the lifeboat. 需要有人来做救生艇的船员.

pt of crow2.very short hair-style for men 平头.type of round close-fitting collar, esp on a pullover 圆式紧衣领（尤指套头毛衣的）. =>illus at neck 见neck之插图./krɪb; krɪb/ n  1 [C] wooden framework for holding animal food; manger 饲料槽.  2 [C] (esp US) = cot 1.  3 (US creche) [C] model, eg in a church at Christmas, representing Christ's birth in Bethlehem 马厩图（如基督教会圣诞节所陈列的马厩模型, 展示基督在伯利恒诞生之情景）.  4 [U] = cribbage.

v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (arch 古) confine sb in a small space 将某人关在狭小的空间内.

/krɪb; krɪb/ n  1 thing copied dishonestly from the work of another, eg in an examination 抄袭他人之物（如考试中）: This answer must be a crib: it's exactly the same as Jones's. 这个答案可能是抄袭来的, 跟琼斯的答案一模一样.  2 thing used as an aid to understanding, eg an exact translation of a foreign text one is studying 有助于理解之物（如学外语者用的对照译文）.

v (-bb-) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from/off sb) copy (another student's written work) dishonestly 抄袭（另一学生的作业等）: In the exam, I cribbed (an answer) from the girl next to me. 考试时我抄袭了挨着我坐的一个女生的答案./ˈkrɪbɪdʒ; `krɪbɪdʒ/ (also crib) n [U] card-game for two, three or four players, in which the score is kept by putting small pegs in holes in a board 一种两人、三人或四人玩的纸牌游戏（用木钉插在有孔的木板上记分）.board for keeping the score in cribbage 玩上述纸牌戏时用来插木钉的记分板./krɪk; krɪk/ n [sing] painful stiffness, esp in the neck 痛性强直（尤指颈肌）: to have/get a crick in one's neck/back 患颈部[背部]肌肉痛性强直.

v [Tn] get a crick in (sth) 引起（身体某处）肌肉强直: to crick one's neck/back 引起颈部[背部]肌肉强直./ˈkrɪkɪt; `krɪkɪt/ n small brown jumping insect that makes a shrill sound by rubbing its front wings together 蟋蟀: the chirping of crickets 蟋蟀的唧唧叫声.

/ˈkrɪkɪt; `krɪkɪt/ n   1 [U] game played on grass by two teams of 11 players each, in which a ball is bowled at stumps and a batsman tries to hit it with a bat, and the score is made in runs 板球运动: [attrib 作定语] a cricket match, ball, team etc 板球比赛、板球运动用的球、板球队等. =>illus 见插图. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) not `cricket (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) unfair; not honourable 不公正; 不光明磊落: You can't do it without telling him; it just isn't cricket. 你不能不告诉他一声就做那件事, 这不够光明磊落.n cricket player 板球运动员.pt, pp of cry1./ˈkraɪə(r); `kraɪɚ/ n = town crier (town)./kraɪz; kraɪz/  1 3rd pers sing pres t of cry1.  2 pl of cry2./ˈkraɪkɪ; `kraɪkɪ/ interj (Brit infml 口) (used to express surprise, fear, etc 用以表示惊讶、恐惧等): Crikey! What a big dog! 嗳呀! 好大的狗哇!/kraɪm; kraɪm/ n  1 (a) [C] offence for which one may be punished by law 罪; 罪行: commit a serious crime 犯重罪 * a minor crime like shoplifting 入店行窃之类的小罪 * convicted of crimes against humanity 被判犯有违反人性的罪行. (b) [U] such offences; law-breaking 犯罪活动; 不法行为: an increase in crime 犯罪活动的增加 * The police prevent and detect crime. 警察的职责是防止和侦查犯罪活动. * He took to a life of crime, ie became a criminal. 他已沦为罪犯. * [attrib 作定语] crime prevention, rates 防止犯罪的措施、犯罪率 * crime fiction, writers, novels, etc, ie dealing with crime, its detection, etc 描写犯罪活动的小说、作家、长篇小说等.  2 (usu 通常作 a crime) [sing] foolish or immoral act 愚蠢的行为; 缺德行为: It's a crime to waste money like that. 那样浪费金钱是一种罪过. * It's a crime the way he bullies his children. 像他那样欺负自己的孩子真缺德./ˈkrɪmɪnl; `krɪmənl/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or being crime 刑事的; 犯罪的: criminal offences, damage, negligence, etc 刑事犯罪、损害罪、过失罪等.  2 [attrib 作定语] concerned with crime 关于犯罪的: criminal law 刑法 * a criminal lawyer 刑事辩护律师. Cf 参看 civil 4.  3 disgraceful; immoral 可耻的; 不道德的: a criminal waste of public money 浪费公款的可耻行为 * It's criminal the way she lies and cheats to get what she wants. 她用说谎和欺诈的手段来满足自己的欲望, 真可耻.  n person who commits a crime or crimes 犯人; 罪犯. /-nəlɪ; -nlɪ/ adv: criminally insane 疯狂地进行犯罪活动的./-dʒɪst; -dʒɪst/ n./ˌkrɪmɪˈnɒlədʒɪ; ˌkrɪmə`nɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] scientific study of crime 犯罪学. /krɪmp; krɪmp/ v [Tn] (a) press (cloth, paper, etc) into small folds or ridges 把（布、纸等）压出小的摺痕或皱纹. (b) make (hair) wavy by pressing with a hot iron 把（毛发）烫成拳曲状; 烫发./ˈkrɪmpliːn; `krɪmplin/ n [U] (propr 专利名) cloth that does not crease easily, often used for dresses, shirts, etc 克林普纶（一种不易起皱的布料）./ˈkrɪmzn; `krɪmzn/ adj, n [U] (of a) deep red 深红色（的）; 绯红（的）.

v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sb/sth to) become crimson （使某人[某事物]）呈现红色; 变成深红色: crimson (ie blush) with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红.= lake2./krɪndʒ; krɪndʒ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/from sth) move back or lower one's body in fear; cower （因恐惧而）退缩, 蜷缩; 畏缩: a child cringing in terror 吓得直退缩的孩子 * The dog cringed at the sight of the whip. 那只狗见到鞭子就退缩了. * (fig 比喻) I cringe with embarrassment (ie feel very embarrassed) when I reread those first stories I wrote. 我重读了我初期编写的故事, 感到十分难为情.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/before sb) (derog 贬) behave too humbly towards sb who is more powerful 卑躬屈膝: She's always cringing to the boss. 她在上司面前总是卑躬屈膝./ˈkrɪŋkl; `krɪŋkl/ n wrinkle or thin crease, esp in material such as tin foil or paper, or in skin 摺痕, 皱纹（尤指锡箔或纸等材料上或皮肤上的）.

v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) have crinkles; produce crinkles in (sth) （使某物）起皱; 使（某物）出现皱纹: crinkle the tin foil (up) by squeezing it 把锡箔压出皱纹 * the dead plant's crinkled leaves 死亡植物的皱叶./ˈkrɪŋklɪ; `krɪŋklɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (a) having crinkles 有皱纹的. (b) (of hair) having tight curls （指毛发）拳曲得很厉害的./ˈkrɪnəlɪn; `krɪnlɪn/ n light framework covered with fabric, formerly worn under a long skirt to make it stand out 裙撑（为表面包上织物的轻质支架, 旧时女子用以撑起长裙）./kraɪps; kraɪps/ interj (dated sl 旧, 俚) (used to express astonishment, etc 用以表示惊讶等): Cripes! It just disappeared! 啊呀! 那东西不见了!/ˈkrɪpl; `krɪpl/ n person who is unable to walk or move properly because of disease or injury to the spine or legs 瘸子; 伤残人.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态]  1 make (sb) a cripple 使（某人）成为瘸子; 使（某人）残废: crippled by polio 因患小儿麻痹症而致残 * crippled with rheumatism 因患风湿病而瘸腿 * their crippled daughter 他们那伤残的女儿.  2 (fig 比喻) damage or weaken (sth) seriously 严重损坏或削弱（某事物）: a ship crippled by a storm 在暴风雨中受到严重损坏的船只 * The business has been crippled by losses. 这家企业因亏损而陷入困境. * The country has crippling (ie extremely large) debts. 这个国家债务极重./ˈkraɪsɪs; `kraɪsɪs/ n (pl crises/ 5kraIsi:z; `kraIsiz/) [C, U] time of great difficulty or danger; decisive moment in illness, life, history, etc 危机; （疾病、生命、历史等的）决定性时刻: a financial, political, domestic, etc crisis 财政、政治、国内等危机 * come to/reach a crisis 陷入危机 * In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to. 危难时好在有朋友可以投奔. * a government in crisis, ie going through a difficult period 危机中的政府 * The fever passed its crisis, ie its most dangerous point. 发烧已过了危险期. * [attrib 作定语] The Government is holding crisis talks with the unions. 政府正与工会组织举行解决危机的会谈./krɪsp; krɪsp/ adj (-er, -est) (usu approv 通常作褒义)  1 (a) (esp of food) hard, dry and easily broken （尤指食品）脆的: a crisp biscuit 脆饼乾 * crisp pastry, toast, etc 酥脆的糕饼、再烤的面包片等 * The snow was crisp underfoot. 雪踩上去是脆的. (b) (esp of fruit or vegetables) firm and fresh （尤指水果、蔬菜）脆生而新鲜的: a crisp apple, lettuce, etc 脆生而新鲜的苹果、生菜等. (c) (esp of paper) slightly stiff （尤指纸张）挺括的: a crisp new 5 note 一张挺括的5英镑新钞票.  2 (of the air or the weather) dry and cold （指空气、天气）乾冷的: a crisp winter morning 冬天的一个乾冷的早晨 * the crisp air of an autumn day 秋日的凉爽空气.  3 (of curls in hair) tight （指毛发的拳曲状）紧的.  4 (of sb's manner, way of speaking, etc) brisk, precise and decisive （指态度、说话方式等）乾脆的, 斩钉截铁的: a crisp order 果断坚决的命令 * crisp speech 乾净利落的讲话 * a crisp and clear answer 乾脆明确的回答.

n  1 (also po,tato `crisp, US potato chip, chip) thin slice of potato, fried and dried, often flavoured and sold in packets 油炸土豆片（常以小包装出售）. =>illus at potato 见potato之插图.  2 (idm 习语) burn sth to a crisp => burn. crisp v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth crisp 使某物变脆: crisp the bread up in the oven 把面包放在烤箱里烤脆.adv in a crisp(4) manner 乾脆地; 斩钉截铁地.n [U].adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = crisp adj 1a, b: crispy bacon 发脆的腌猪肉./ˈkrɪskrɒs; <i>US</i> -krɔːs; `krɪsˌkrɔs/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv with lines crossing each other 十字形的; 纵横交错地: a criss-cross pattern, design, etc 十字形图案、花样等 * electricity cables erected criss-cross over the countryside 纵横交错地架设在乡村地区的电缆.

v  1 [I, Tn] form a criss-cross pattern (on sth) （在某物上）构成十字图案: Railway lines criss-cross in a dense network. 铁路线纵横交错密如蛛网. * Rivers criss-cross the landscape. 河流纵横交错点缀着此处风景.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) mark sth with lines that cross 在某物上作十字形标记: a sheet criss-crossed with pencil marks 用铅笔画有十字记号的一张纸./kraɪˈtɪərɪən; kraɪ`tɪrɪən/ n (pl -ria / -rIE; -rIE/) standard by which sth is judged （评判的）标准, 尺度: Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准. * What are the criteria for deciding (ie How do we decide) who gets the prize? 评定获奖者以什么作标准?/ˈkrɪtɪk; `krɪtɪk/ n  1 person who expresses a low opinion of sb/sth, points out faults in sb/sth, etc 批评者: I am my own severest critic. 我是个严于律己者. * She confounded her critics by breaking the record, ie They said she would not be able to do so, but she did. 她打破了纪录, 这把批评她的人弄得狼狈不堪.  2 person who evaluates and describes the quality of sth, esp works of art, literature, music, etc 评论员, 评论家（尤指对艺术、文学、音乐等作品）: a music, theatre, literary, etc critic 音乐、戏剧、文学等评论员 * a play praised by the critics 评论家交口称誉的剧本./ˈkrɪtɪkl; `krɪtɪkl/ adj  1 ~ (of sb/sth) looking for faults; pointing out faults 找出毛病的; 指出缺点的; 批评的; 非难的: a critical remark, report, etc 批评性的议论、报道等 * The inquiry was critical of her work. 该项调查对她的工作提出了批评. * (derog 贬) Why are you always so critical? 你怎么老是这样吹毛求疵? * (approv 褒) Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value. 要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.  2 [attrib 作定语] of the art of making judgements on literature, art, etc （文学、艺术等）评论手法的: In the current critical climate her work is not popular. 在当前的评论风气的影响下, 她的作品不怎么受欢迎. * The film has received critical acclaim, ie praise from the critics. 影片得到了评论界的赞誉.  3 of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危机中的; 危急时刻的; 决定性的; 关键的: We are at a critical time in our history. 我们正处于历史的紧要关头. * The patient's condition is critical, ie He is very ill and may die. 病人情况危殆. * Her help was critical (ie of great importance) during the emergency. 在紧急的情况下她的援助至为重要.  4 (idm 习语) go `critical (of a nuclear reactor) reach a state where a nuclear reaction sustains itself （指核反应堆）达到临界状态. the study of a set of operations (eg in building a ship) to decide the quickest and most efficient order in which to do them 关键途径分析法（分析整体工作以制定出最快、最有效的程序）.temperature below which a gas cannot be liquefied 临界温度./-ɪklɪ; -ɪklɪ/ adv: speak critically of sb 非议某人 * He is critically ill. 他病得很重.=> criticize/ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm; `krɪtəˌsɪzəm/ n  1 (a) [U] looking for faults; pointing out faults 批评; 非难: a scheme that is open to criticism 有待批评的方案 * He hates/can't take criticism, ie being criticized. 他不喜欢[不能接受]别人的批评. (b) [C] remark that points out a fault or faults 批评意见: I have two criticisms of your plan. 我对你的计划有两条批评意见.  2 (a) [U] art of making judgements on literature, art, etc 文学、艺术等的评论: literary criticism 文学批评. (b) [C] such a judgement 评论文章./ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz; `krɪtəˌsaɪz/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth) point out the faults of sb/sth 批评某人[某事物]; 挑剔; 非难: Stop criticizing (my work)! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了! * He was criticized by the committee for failing to report the accident. 他由于未对事故进行汇报而受到委员会的批评. * He criticized my taking risks. 他批评了我的冒险举动.  2 [Tn] form and express a judgement on (a work of art, literature, etc) 评论（艺术、文学等作品）: teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法./krɪˈtiːk; krɪ`tik/ n critical analysis 批评性的分析; 评论; 评论文章: The book presents a critique of the Government's policies. 该书对政府的政策作出了批评性的分析./krəʊk; krok/ n deep hoarse sound, like that made by a frog 深沉而嘶哑的声音; （蛙的）呱呱叫声.

v  1 [I] (of a frog, etc) utter a croak or croaks （指蛙等）发深沉而嘶哑的声音, 呱呱叫.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (of a person) speak or say sth with a deep hoarse voice （指人）用低沉而嘶哑的声音说话: She could only croak because of her heavy cold. 她因患重感冒只能用沙哑的声音说话. * He croaked (out) a few words. 他低沉而沙哑地说出一些话来.  3 [I] (sl 俚) die 死亡./ˈkrəʊʃeɪ; <i>US</i> krəʊˈʃeɪ; kro`ʃe/ n [U] (a) method of making fabric by looping thread into a pattern of connected stitches, using a hooked needle (called a crochet-hook) 钩针编织. (b) fabric made in this way 钩针编织品.

v (pt, pp ~ed / -FeId; -`Fed/) [I, Tn] make (sth, eg a shawl) in this way 用钩针编织（某物, 如围巾）: a crocheted skirt 钩针编织的裙子./krɒk; krɑk/ n (dated 旧)  1 [C] large earthen-ware pot or jar, eg for containing water 瓦罐, 罐子（如盛水用的）.  2 crocks [pl] = crockery.  3  [C usu pl 通常作复数] broken piece of earthenware 陶器碎片.

/krɒk; krɑk/ n (Brit infml 口)  1 old useless vehicle 破旧无用的车辆.  2 old or worn-out person or animal 老年或体衰的人或动物: What does a young girl like you want with an old crock like me? 像你这样一个年轻的姑娘要我这样一个老朽做什么呢?/krɒkt; krɑkt/ adj (Brit infml 口) injured or broken 受伤的; 损坏的: My arm's crocked. 我的手臂受伤了./ˈkrɒkərɪ; `krɑkərɪ/ n [U] (also crocks [pl]) cups, plates, dishes, etc made of baked clay 陶器, 瓦器（如杯、盘、碟等用黏土烧制的器皿）./ˈkrɒkədaɪl; `krɑkəˌdaɪl/ n  1 large river reptile with a hard skin, a long body and tail, and very big tapering jaws, that lives in hot parts of the world 鳄鱼. Cf 参看 alligator.  2 (Brit infml 口) long line of schoolchildren walking in pairs 两人一排成纵列行进的学童.  3 (idm 习语) `crocodile tears insincere sorrow 鳄鱼的眼泪（假悲伤）: She shed crocodile tears (ie pretended to be sorry) when she dismissed him from his job. 她把他解雇时, 流出了鳄鱼的眼泪（假装难过）./ˈkrəʊkəs; `krokəs/ n (pl ~es/ -sIz; sIz/) small plant that produces yellow, purple or white flowers early in spring 番红花（一种小植物, 花黄色、紫色或白色, 初春时开放）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./ˈkriːsəs; `krisəs/ n wealthy king in Asia Minor in the 6th century BC 克罗伊斯（公元前6世纪小亚细亚一富有的国王: (saying 谚) as rich as Croesus, ie very rich 像克罗伊斯那样富有（非常富有）./krɒft; <i>US</i> krɔːft; krɔft/ n (Brit)  1 small farm, esp in Scotland 小农场（尤指苏格兰的）.  2 (arch 古) small enclosed field 圈起来的小块土地.n person who rents or owns a small farm, esp in Scotland 小农场的佃农或主人（尤指苏格兰的）./ˈkrwʌsɒŋ; krwɑ`sɑn/ n (French 法) crescent-shaped bun made of light flaky pastry, eaten esp at breakfast 新月形面包（一种松软的酥皮点心, 尤于早餐中食用）. =>illus at bread 见 bread 之插图./ˈkrɒmlek; `krɑmlɛk/ (also dolmen) n prehistoric circle of large tall stones 史前时期由很高的巨石排成的圆圈./krəʊn; kron/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) ugly withered old woman 乾瘪丑陋的老太婆./ˈkrəʊnɪ; `kronɪ/ n (derog 贬) close friend or companion 密友; 亲密的伙伴: He spends every evening drinking in the pub with his cronies. 他每天晚上都跟知心朋友到酒馆喝酒./krʊk; krᴜk/ n  1 (infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子.  2 bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流、道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one's arm, ie on one's arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物.  3 (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）.  4 (idm 习语) by hook or by crook => hook1.

v [Tn] bend (esp one's finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I'm feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）. adj./ˈkrʊkɪd; `krᴜkɪd/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not straight or level; twisted, bent or curved 歪的; 扭曲的; 弯曲的: a crooked lane, branch, table 弯曲的小巷、树枝; 歪斜的桌子 * a crooked smile, ie in which the mouth slopes down at one side 歪斜着嘴的一笑 * You've got your hat on crooked. 你把帽子戴歪了.  2 (infml 口) (of people or actions) dishonest; illegal （指人或行为）不老实的, 不正当的: a crooked businessman, deal 奸商、非法经营. adv. n [U]./kruːn; krun/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) hum, sing or say (sth) softly and gently 柔情地轻哼、轻唱或低声述说（某事物）: croon soothingly (to a child) （给孩子）低声唱歌 * croon a sentimental tune 轻哼感伤的曲调 * croon a baby to sleep 低声哼唱哄婴儿睡觉 * `What a beautiful little baby,' she crooned. ｀多么逗人爱的小宝贝儿啊,＇她柔声细语地说.n singer of the 1930's or 1940's who sang sentimental songs （二十世纪三十或四十年代演唱感伤歌曲的）歌手./krɒp; krɑp/ n  1 (a) [C] amount of grain, hay, fruit, etc grown in one year or season （谷物、乾草、水果等一年或一季的）收成, 产量: the potato crop 马铃薯的产量 * a good crop of rice 稻谷的丰收 * a bumper (ie very large) crop 特大的丰收 * [attrib 作表语] a crop failure 歉收. (b) crops [pl] agricultural plants in the fields 农作物; 庄稼: treat the crops with fertilizer 给农作物施肥.  2 [sing] ~ of sth group of people or quantity of things appearing or produced at the same time （同时出现或产生的）一群（人）, 一批（事物）: this year's crop of students 本届大学生 * The programme brought quite a crop of complaints from viewers. 该节目招致观众诸多不满.  3 [C] very short hair-cut 极短的发式; 平头.  4 [C] bag-like part of a bird's throat where food is prepared for digestion before passing into the stomach 嗉子; 嗉囊.  5 [C] (also `hunting-crop) whip with a short loop instead of a lash, used by riders 猎鞭（骑手用的, 端部有小圈）.  6 (idm 习语) neck and crop => neck.

v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Cn.a] (a) cut short (sb's hair or an animal's ears, tail, etc) 剪短（某人的头发、动物的耳朵或尾巴等）: with hair cropped (short) 头发剪得很短. (b) (of animals) bite the tops off and eat (grass, plants, etc) （指动物）啃吃（青草、其他植物等）: Sheep had cropped the grass (short). 羊把草啃（短）了.  2 [I] (of plants, fields, etc) bear a crop （指植物、田地等）收获: The beans cropped well this year. 今年豆子丰收.  3 (phr v) crop up appear or happen, esp unexpectedly 出现或发生（尤指意外地）: All sorts of difficulties cropped up. 各种各样的困难意想不到地出现了. * The subject cropped up as we talked. 我们交谈时无意中涉及到了这个问题.ns [U] dusting/spraying of crops with fertilizer or insecticide, eg from low-flying aircraft 作物喷粉（如自低飞的飞机中喷撒肥料或杀虫剂）.=> crop-dusting/ˈkrɒpə(r); `krɑpɚ/ n  1 (following adjs 用于形容词之後) plant that produces a crop of the specified kind 作物: a good, bad, heavy, light, etc cropper 高产的、低产的、产量高的、产量低的...作物.  2 (idm 习语) come a `cropper (infml 口) (a) fall over 摔倒. (b) fail 失败./ˈkrəʊkeɪ; <i>US</i> krəʊˈkeɪ; kro`ke/ n [U] game played on a lawn, using wooden mallets to knock wooden balls through hoops 槌球游戏（在草坪上进行, 以木槌击木球钻小圈）./krəʊˈket; kro`kɛt/ n ball of mashed potato, fish, etc coated with bread-crumbs and cooked in fat 炸丸子（用土豆泥、碎鱼肉等裹以面包屑炸成的）./krɔː(r); kror/ n (Indian 印度) ten million 十兆; 一千万: a crore of rupees 一千万卢比./ˈkrəʊzɪə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkrəʊʒər;`kroʒɚ/ n bishop's long ceremonial staff, usu shaped like a shepherd's crook （主教的）权杖./krɒs; <i>US</i> krɔːs; krɔs/ n  1 [C] (a) mark made by drawing one line across another, eg x or + 十字形或叉形记号（如或+）: The place is marked on the map with a cross. 那个地方在地图上以十字形记号标出. * make one's cross, ie put a cross on a document instead of one's signature, eg if one cannot write 画十字, 画押（在文件上画个十字代替签名, 如文盲之所为）. (b) line or stroke forming part of a letter, eg the horizontal stroke on a `t' （字母中的）一横（如t中的横线）.  2 (a) the Cross [sing] the frame made of a long vertical piece of wood with a shorter horizontal piece joined to it near the top, on which Christ was crucified （基督被钉死在上面的）十字架. (b) [C] thing representing this, as a Christian emblem （作为基督徒标记的）十字架模型: She wore a small silver cross on a chain round her neck. 她脖子上戴着项链, 上面挂着个银的小十字架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. (c) [C] thing, esp a monument, in the form of a cross, eg a stone one in a village market-place 十字形物品（尤指纪念物, 如乡村市集上的十字形纪念石碑）. (d) [C usu sing 通常作单数] cross-shaped sign made with the right hand as a Christian religious act 画十字的动作（用右手比划, 为基督徒的宗教行为）: The priest made a cross over her head. 牧师在她头上画了一个十字. (e) the Cross [sing] (fig 比喻) the Christian religion 基督教: the Cross and the Crescent, ie Christianity and Islam 基督教与伊斯兰教.  3 (usu 通常作 Cross) [C] small cross-shaped piece of metal awarded as a medal for courage, etc （为表彰英勇行为等而授予的）十字勋章: the Victoria Cross 维多利亚十字勋章 * the Distinguished Service Cross 优异服务十字勋章.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (between A and B) (a) animal or plant that is the offspring of different breeds or varieties （动物或植物的）杂交品种, 混合种: A mule is a cross between a horse and an ass. 骡是马和驴交配而生的杂种. (b) (fig 比喻) mixture of two different things （两种不同物的）混合物: a play that is a cross between farce and tragedy 把闹剧和悲剧结合成 一体的戏.  5 [C] source of sorrow, worry, etc; problem 悲哀、苦恼等的根源; 问题: We all have our crosses to bear. 每个人都有苦难需要承受.  6 (idm 习语) cut sth on the `cross cut cloth, etc diagonally 把布等对角剪开.

/krɒs; <i>US</i> krɔːs; krɔs/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (over) (from sth/to sth) go across; pass or extend from one side to the other side of (sth) 横穿: The river is too deep; we can't cross (over). 河太深, 我们过不去. * cross from Dover to Calais 从多佛横渡到加来 * cross a road, a river, a bridge, a desert, the sea, the mountains 过马路、过河、过桥、穿过沙漠、越过大海、翻过高山 * Electricity cables cross the valley. 电缆跨过山谷.  2 (a) [I] pass across each other 交叉: The roads cross just outside the village. T. * (fig 比喻) Our paths crossed (ie We met by chance) several times. 我们碰上好几次了. (b) [I, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (of people travelling, letters in the post) meet and pass (each other) （指行人）对面而过; （指邮寄中的信件）互相错过: We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中对脸而过. * Our letters crossed in the post. 我们的信在邮寄途中错过去了.  3 [Tn] put or place (sth) across or over sth else of the same type 使（某物）交叉: cross one's legs, ie place one leg over the other, esp at the thighs 盘腿 * cross one's arms on one's chest 交叉两臂于胸前 * a flag with a design of two crossed keys 有两把钥匙相交叉图案的旗帜 * a crossed line, ie interruption of a telephone call because of a wrong connection 交扰线路（电话因岔线而产生的干扰）.  4 [Tn] draw a line across (sth) 画横线于（某物）: cross the t's 写t上的一横 * cross a cheque, ie draw two lines across it so that it can only be paid through a bank 在支票上画两条平行线（则该支票只能经由银行兑现） * a crossed cheque, ie a cheque marked in this way 画线支票.  5 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ oneself make the sign of the cross1(2a) on one's chest 用手在胸前画十字: He `crossed himself as he passed the church. 他经过教堂时用手在胸前画十字.  6 [Tn] obstruct, oppose or contradict (sb, his plans or wishes); thwart 阻挠, 反对, 违背（某人、其计划或意愿）; 使受挫: She doesn't like to be crossed. 她不喜欢有人跟她作对. * He crosses me in everything. 他处处与我作对. * to be crossed in love, ie fail to win the love of sb one loves 在恋爱上受到挫折.  7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cause (two different types of animal or plant) to produce offspring 使（不同种的动物或植物）杂交: to cross a horse with an ass 使马与驴杂交 * Varieties of roses can be crossed to vary their colour. 不同品种的玫瑰可以杂交以改变其颜色.  8 (idm 习语) ,cross one's ,bridges when one `comes to them not worry about a problem before it actually arrives 问题来了再解决不迟（勿为尚未发生的事情烦恼）: We'll cross that bridge when we come to it. 船到桥头自然直, 等出了问题我们再解决不迟. cross my `heart (and hope to die) (infml saying 口, 谚) (used to emphasize the honesty or sincerity of what one says or promises 用以强调所说属实): I saw him do it: cross my heart. 我看见他干的, 我可以发誓. cross one's `fingers hope that one's plans will be successful 祈求成功: I'm crossing my fingers that my proposal will be accepted. 但愿我的建议能被采纳. * Keep your fingers crossed! 祈求好运吧! cross one's `mind (of thoughts, etc) come into one's mind （指想法等）出现, 掠过: It never crossed my mind that she might lose, ie I confidently expected her to win. 我从未想到她会失败. ,cross sb's ,palm with `silver give sb (esp a fortune-teller) a coin 给某人（尤指算命者）钱. ,cross sb's `path meet sb, usu by chance 与某人相遇（通常指不期而遇）: I hope I never cross her path again. 但愿我永远不再遇见她. ,cross the `Rubicon take an action or start a process which is important and which cannot be reversed 断然采取有进无退的重大行动; 破釜沉舟. cross `swords (with sb) fight or argue (with sb) （与某人）交锋, 争论: The chairman and I have crossed swords before over this issue. 我和主席以前曾经对这问题进行过辩论. dot one's i's and cross one's t's => dot. get, have, etc one's lines crossed => line1. get one's wires crossed => wire.  9 (phr v) cross sth off (sth); cross sth out/through remove sth by drawing a line through it 画掉某物: We can cross his name off (the list), as he's not coming. 他既然不来了, 我们可以把他的名字（从名单中）划掉. * Two words have been crossed out. 有两个词删掉了.

/krɒs; <i>US</i> krɔːs; krɔs/ adj (-er, -est)  1 ~ (with sb) (about sth) (infml 口) rather angry 生气的; 恼怒的: I was cross with him for being late. 他迟到了, 我很生气. * What are you so cross about? 你为什么发那么大的火啊? * She gave me a cross look. 她瞪了我一眼.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of winds) contrary; opposed （指风）逆的, 反向的: Strong cross breezes make it difficult for boats to leave harbour. 逆风很强刮得船难以离港. Cf 参看 cross-wind. > crossly adv. crossness n [U].comb form 构词成分 (forming ns, vs, adjs and advs 用以构成名词、动词、形容词、副词) movement or action from one thing to another or across 自一事物到另一事物的运动或动作; 横跨; 穿越: cross-current * cross-fertilize * cross-cultural * cross-country * cross-Channel ferries.n member of parliament who usu sits on these seats 中立议员./ˈkrɒsbentʃɪz; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbɛntʃɪz/ n [pl] seats in the British parliament occupied by those members who do not regularly support a particular political party 中立议员席（英国议会中不固定追随任何政党的议员席位）./ˈkrɒsbəʊnz; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbonz/ n [pl] => skull and cross-bones (skull)./ˈkrɒsbred; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbrɛd/ adj produced by different species or varieties breeding together 杂种的; 杂交的: a cross-bred sheep, dog, etc 杂种的羊、狗等./ˈkrɒsbriːd; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbrid/ n animal, plant, etc produced by the breeding of different species or varieties （动植物等的）杂交品种.

v [I, Tn] breed (sth) in this way 杂交繁育（某物）./ˌkrɒs ˈtʃek; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; ˌkrɔs`tʃɛk/ v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sth) make sure that information, a calculation, etc is correct by consulting a different source, using a different method, etc （从不同方面、以不同方法等）核实（情报）, 核对（计算结果等）: Cross-check your answer by using a calculator. 用计算器核对一下你的答案.

n check made in this way 查证; 覆核./ˌkrɒs ˈkʌntrɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`kʌntrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语], adv across fields, etc rather than on main roads 越野（的）: a ,cross-country `run, `race, etc 越野跑步、赛跑等 * travel cross-country 越野.

n cross-country race 越野赛跑: enter for the mile and the cross-country 报名参加一英里和越野两项赛跑./ˈkrɒs kʌrənt; <i>US</i> krɔːs; `krɔsˌkɝənt/ n  1 current that crosses another 交叉水流.  2 (fig 比喻) body of beliefs, views, etc contrary to those of the majority 与多数人相反的信仰、观点等: a cross-current of opinion against the prevailing view 反潮流的观点./ˈkrɒskʌt; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌkʌt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a saw, etc) with teeth designed for cutting across the grain of wood （指锯等）有为横割木纹而设计的锯齿的: a cross-cut saw/blade 横截锯[刀刃]./ˌkrɒs ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs;`krɔsɪˇˌzæmə`neʃən/ n [U, C] (instance of) cross-examining 严诘; 盘问; 追问; 详询: He broke down under cross-examination (ie while being cross-examined) and admitted the truth. 他经不起严密的诘问而供认了事实./ˌkrɒs ɪgˈzæmɪn; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔsɪˇ`zæmɪn/ v [Tn]  1 (esp law 尤用于法律) question (sb) carefully to test the correctness of answers given to previous questions 严诘, 盘问（某人）: The prosecution lawyer cross-examined the defence witness. 控方律师诘问被告一方的证人.  2 question (sb) aggressively or in great detail 追问, 详询（某人）: Whenever he comes in late his wife cross-examines him about where he's spent the evening. 每逢他晚归, 妻子总要追问他晚上到哪里去了. Cf 参看 examine 3.n./ˈkrɒsaɪd; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔs`aɪd/ adj with one or both eyes turned inwards towards the nose 内斜视的; 斗鸡眼的.=> cross-fertilization=> cross-fertilize/ˌkrɒsˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ ˌkrɔːs ˌfɜːrtlɪˈzeɪʃn; `krɔsˌfɝtlə`zeʃən/ n [U, C]./ˌkrɒs ˈfɜːtəlaɪz; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`fɝtlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 (botany 植) fertilize (a plant) by using pollen from a different type of plant 以异种花粉使（植物）受精; 使异花受精.  2 (fig 比喻) stimulate (sb/sth) usefully or positively with ideas from a different field, etc （从不同方面以有益的或积极的思想）影响（某人[某事物]）: Literary studies have been cross-fertilized by new ideas in linguistics. 文学研究从语言学方面的新见解中受益良多. /ˈkrɒsfaɪə(r); <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌfaɪr/ n [U]  1(military 军) firing of guns from two or more points so that the bullets, shells, etc cross each other 交叉火力.  2 (fig 比喻) situation in which two people or groups are arguing, competing, etc and another is unwillingly involved 被波及的状况: When two industrial giants clash, small companies can get caught in the cross-fire, ie harmed incidentally. 两大企业争斗之下, 小公司遭受池鱼之殃./ˌkrɒs ˈgreɪnd; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`ˇrend/ adj  1 (of wood) with the grain running diagonally or across rather than in a straight line （指木材）斜纹的, 纹理交织的.  2 difficult to please or get on with 难讨好的; 难相处的./ˈkrɒs hætʃ; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔsˌhætʃ/ v [Tn] mark or shade (sth) with sets of crossing parallel lines 用平行线相交的网线给（某物）加上标记或阴影: cross-hatch an area on a map 在地图上用网线标出某一区域.n [U] pattern of such lines 网线图型; 网线法./ˌkrɒs ˈlegd; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`lɛˇɪd, -`lɛˇd/adv with one leg over the other, esp at the ankles 盘着腿: sitting cross-legged on the floor 盘着腿席地而坐. =>illus 见插图./ˈkrɒspætʃ; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌpætʃ/ n (dated infml 旧, 口) bad-tempered person 脾气很坏的人./ˈkrɒs piːs; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs; `krɔsˌpis/ n piece (of a structure, tool, etc) lying or fixed across another piece （指一结构、用具等上的）横档, 横杆./ˈkrɒsplaɪ; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌplaɪ/ adj (of tyres) having layers of fabric with cords lying crosswise （指轮胎）有交叉帘布层的. Cf 参看 radial./ˌkrɒs ˈpɜːpəsɪz; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`pɝpəsɪz/ n(idm 习语) at cross-purposes (of people or groups) misunderstanding what the other side is talking about or concerned with （指人或团体）相互误解: We're at cross-purposes: I'm talking about astronomy, you're talking about astrology. 我们彼此误解了: 我谈的是天文学, 你谈的是占星术./ˌkrɒs ˈkwestʃən; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`kwɛstʃən/ v [Tn] question (sb) thoroughly and often aggressively; cross-examine(2) 追问, 诘问（某人）./ˌkrɒs ˈrefrəns; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`rɛfərəns/ n ~ (to sth) note directing a reader to another part of a book, file, etc for further information 互见; 相互参照的诠释: follow up all the cross-references 参阅所有标明相互参照的注释.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] pvovide (a book, etc) with cross-references 给（书等）编制相互参照注译./ˌkrɒs ˈsekʃn; <i>US</i> ˌkrɔːs; `krɔs`sɛkʃən/ n  1 (picture of the) surface formed by cutting through sth, esp at right angles 截面（图）; 断面（图）; 剖面（图）: examining a cross-section of the kidney under the microscope 在显微镜下检查肾的切面 * The girder is square in cross-section. 这个大梁的截面是方形的.  2 typical or representative sample 典型; 样品: a cross-section of the electors, population, etc 选民、全体居民等中的一群具有代表性的人物 * a broad cross-section of opinion 具有广泛代表性的看法./ˈkrɒs stɪtʃ; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs; `krɔsˌstɪtʃ/ n  1 [C] stitch formed by two stitches crossing each other 十字形针法.  2 [U] needlework in which this stitch is used 采用十字形针法的刺绣./ˈkrɒs tɔːk; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs; `krɔsˌtɔk/ n [U] (Brit) rapid dialogue, eg between two comedians 机敏的对白（如两个滑稽演员之间的对话）./ˈkrɒstaʊn; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌtaᴜn/ adj [attrib 作定语] (US) going across a town (rather than in and out of the centre) 穿过城镇的: a cross-town bus 穿越市区的公共汽车./ˈkrɒstriːz; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌtriz/ n [pl](nautical 海) two horizontal pieces of wood fastened to a lower mast to support the mast above and to support ropes, etc 桅顶横杆./ˈkrɒswɪnd; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌwɪnd/ n wind blowing across the direction in which cars, aircraft, etc are travelling 侧风: Strong cross-winds blew the aircraft off course. 强劲的侧风把飞机吹得偏离了航线./ˈkrɒsbɑː(r); <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbɑr/ n horizontal bar, eg one joining the two upright posts of a football goal, or the front and rear ends of a bicycle frame 横杠; （足球门上的）横木; （自行车架上的）横梁. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii./ˈkrɒsbiːm; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbim/ n horizontal beam between two supporting parts of a structure; girder 横梁; 大梁./ˈkrɒsbəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌbo/ n small powerful bow mounted horizontally on a grooved support where the arrow is held and then released by pulling a trigger 十字弓, 弩（一种小型的强弓）. Cf 参看 longbow (long1)./ˈkrɒsɪŋ; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsɪŋ/ n  1 journey across a sea, wide river, etc （经大海、大河等的）横越, 横渡: a rough crossing from Dover to Calais 从多佛港到加来港之艰险的横渡.  2 place where two roads, two railways, or a road and a railway, cross 十字路口; （铁路的）交叉道口; （公路与铁路的）平交道口. Cf 参看 level crossing (level1).  3 (a) place, esp on a street, where pedestrians can cross safely 人行横道. Cf 参看 pedestrian crossing (pedestrian), pelican crossing (pelican), zebra crossing (zebra). (b) place where one crosses from one country to another （由一国至另一国的）过境处: arrested by guards at the border crossing 在越境地点被卫兵逮捕./ˈkrɒsrəʊdz; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌrodz/ n  1[sing v] place where two roads meet and cross 十字路口: We came to a crossroads. 我们来到了十字路口.  2 (idm 习语) at a/the `crossroads at a decisive point in one's life, career, etc （人生、经历等）处于关键时期, 面临重大抉择: Our business is at the crossroads: if this deal succeeds, our future is assured; if not, we shall be bankrupt. 我们的商号正处在紧要关头: 倘若此番交易成功, 前途自无问题, 否则就要破产./ˈkrɒswɔːk; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌwɔk/ n (US) = pedestrian crossing (pedestrian)./ˈkrɒswaɪz; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌwaɪz/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv  1 across, esp diagonally 贯穿的; （尤指）斜穿的: a yellow flag with a red band going crosswise from top left to bottom right 有一道红色的条纹从左上方斜穿到右下方的黄旗.  2 in the form of a cross 贯穿地; 斜穿地./ˈkrɒswɜːd; <i>US</i> ˈkrɔːs-; `krɔsˌwɝd/ n (also `crossword puzzle) puzzle in which words indicated by numbered clues have to be inserted vertically (clues down) and horizontally (clues across) in spaces on a chequered square 纵横字谜. =>illus 见插图./krɒtʃ; krɑtʃ/ (also crutch) n place where a person's legs, or trouser legs, join at the top （人体的）胯部; 裤裆./ˈkrɒtʃɪt; `krɑtʃɪt/ n (US `quarter note)(music 音) note equal to half a minim 四分音符. =>illus at music 见 music 之插图./ˈkrɒtʃɪtɪ; `krɑtʃɪtɪ/ adj (infml 口) bad-tempered 脾气坏的./krautʃ; kraᴜtʃ/ v [I, Ip] lower the body by bending the knees, eg in fear or to hide 蹲; 蹲伏: The cat crouched, ready to leap. 那只猫弓着身子, 准备扑过去. * I crouched behind the sofa. 我蹲在沙发後面.

n [sing] crouching position 蹲着的姿势: drop down into a crouch 蹲下. =>illus at kneel 见 kneel 之插图./kruːp; krup/ n [U] disease of children, in which there is coughing and difficulty in breathing 格鲁布, 哮吼（儿科疾病）.

/kruːp; krup/ n rump or buttocks of certain animals, esp the horse （某些动物, 尤指马的）臀部. =>illus at horse 见 horse 之插图./ˈkruːpɪə; <i>US</i> -pɪər; `krupɪɚ/ n person in charge of a gambling table, who deals out the cards,throws the dice, etc and pays out money to the winner(s)赌台上的主持人（负责发牌、掷色子等, 并付赢者钱）./ˈkruːtɒn; `kruˌtɑn/ n (French 法) cube of toasted or fried bread, usu served with soup 烤的或炸的面包丁（通常放在汤里）./krəʊ; kro/ n  1 any of various types of large black bird with a harsh cry 乌鸦. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.  2 (idm 习语) as the `crow flies in a straight line 成直线. stone the crows => stone.

/krəʊ; kro/ v (pt crowed or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 crew/ kru: ; kru /, pp crowed)  1 [I] (of a cock) make a loud shrill cry, esp at dawn （指公鸡）喔喔叫（尤指黎明时）.  2 [I] (of a baby) make sounds showing pleasure （指婴儿）欢叫.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth)(derog 贬) express gleeful triumph (about one's success, etc) （因成功等而）得意洋洋, 自鸣得意: She won the competition and won't stop crowing (over her rivals/her rivals' failure). 她在比赛中获得了胜利, （在对手[对手的失败]面前）简直得意忘形.

n [sing] crowing sound （公鸡的）喔喔叫声; （婴儿的）欢叫声.n [pl] wrinkles in the skin around the outer corner of the eye 眼角皱纹.n platform fixed to the top of a ship's mast from which sb can see clearly a long way in all directions 桅顶了望台./ˈkrəʊbɑː(r); `kroˌbɑr/ n straight iron bar, usu with a hooked end, used as a lever to open crates, move heavy objects, etc 撬棍; 铁撬./kraʊd; kraᴜd/ n  1 [CGp] (a) large number of people gathered together in the open 人群: A crowd had already collected outside the embassy gates. 使馆大门外已经聚集了一群人. * He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤. * Police had to break up the crowd. 警察不得不驱散人群. * [attrib 作定语] crowd control 人群控制. (b) mass of spectators; audience 观众; 听众: The match attracted a large crowd. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众. * The crowd cheered the winning hit. 观众为那致胜的一击喝彩.  2 the crowd [sing] (derog 贬) people in general 人们: move with the crowd, ie do as everybody else does 随大溜.  3 [CGp] (infml 口) group; company 一伙人; 一帮人: I don't associate with that crowd. 我不跟那伙人打交道.  4 (idm 习语) crowds/a (whole) crowd (of) very many (people) 许许多多（人）: There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有许许多多的人在等着进去. * A whole crowd of us arrived at the party uninvited. 我们这一大批不速之客来到了聚会场所.  follow the crowd => follow.

/kraʊd; kraᴜd/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ around/round(sb) gather closely around (sb) 聚集在（某人）周围: People crowded round to get a better view. 人们争相围观. * Pupils crowded round (their teacher) to ask questions. 小学生围着（老师）提问题.  2 [Tn] fill (a space) so that there is little room to move 充塞（某空间）: Tourists crowded the pavement. 游客把人行道挤得水泄不通. * crowd a restaurant, theatre, beach, etc 挤满餐厅、剧院、海滨等.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) put pressure on (sb); harass 给（某人）施加压力; 逼迫: Don't crowd me: give me time to think! 不要逼我: 给我时间让我想想!  4 (idm 习语) crowd on `sail (nautical 海) raise many sails in order to increase speed 扬起许多风帆（以增加速度）.  5 (phr v) crowd in on sb (of thoughts, etc) come into the mind in large numbers （指想法等）大量涌现: Memories crowded in on me. 往事一齐涌上我心头.  crowd into sth; crowd in move in large numbers into a small space 大批涌入（某狭小空间内）: Supporters crowded through the gates into the stadium. 来捧场的人挤过大门, 涌入运动场. * We'd all crowded into Harriet's small sitting-room. 我们大家涌进了哈丽特那狭小的客厅. * (fig 比喻) Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind. 我心乱如麻.  crowd sb/sth into sth; crowd sb/sth in put many people or things into a small space or period of time; cram (sb/sth) into sth 使很多人或物挤进狭小空间或在短时期涌现出来; 勉强塞入: They crowd people into the buses. 他们让许多人挤进公共汽车里. * Guests were crowded into the few remaining rooms. 把客人都挤在剩余的几个房间里了. * She crowds too much detail into her paintings. 她的画过于繁杂.  crowd sb/sth out (of sth) (a) keep sb/sth out of a space by filling it oneself 挤占某空间使某人[某物]无法进入: The restaurant's regular customers are being crowded out by tourists. 这家餐馆的老主顾被游客挤得不得其门而入. (b) prevent sb/sth from operating successfully 排挤某人[某事物]: Small shops are being crowded out by the big supermarkets. 小商店受到大型超级市场不断排挤. n (infml 口) person or thing that attracts a large audience 吸引大批观众（或听众）的人或事物.adj  1 having (too) many people 人（太）多的; 拥挤的: crowded buses, roads, hotels 拥挤的公共汽车、繁忙的道路、住满人的旅馆.  2 (fig 比喻) ~ (with sth) full (of sth) （被某事物）占满的: days crowded with activity 忙得不可开交的日子 * We had a very crowded schedule on the trip. 我们的旅行日程排得满满的./kraʊn; kraᴜn/ n  1 (a) [C] ornamental head-dress made of gold, jewels, etc worn by a king or queen on official occasions 王冠; 皇冠. (b) (the Crown or the crown) [sing] the State as represented by a king or queen as its head 王国: land owned by the Crown 王国的土地 * a minister of the Crown 王国的大臣 * Who appears for the Crown (ie Who is prosecuting the accused person on behalf of the State) in this case? 谁在该案中代表王国政府出庭? * [attrib 作定语] Crown land, property, etc 王国政府的土地、财产等 * a crown witness, ie for the prosecution in a criminal case 刑事案件中提起公诉一方的证人. (c) the crown [sing] the office or power of a king or queen 王位; 王权: She refused the crown, ie refused to become queen. 她拒不接受王位. * relinquish the crown, ie abdicate 放弃王位.  2 [C] circle or wreath of flowers, leaves, etc worn on the head, esp as a sign of victory, or as a reward 花冠（用花、叶等做的环状物, 戴在头上, 尤指象徵胜利或作为奖赏者）: Christ's crown of thorns 基督的荆冠 * (fig 比喻) two boxers fighting it out for the world heavyweight crown, ie championship 争夺世界重量级冠军宝座的两名拳击手.  3 (usu 通常作 the crown) [sing] (a) top of the head or of a hat 头顶; 帽顶. (b) top part of anything 物之顶部: the crown of a hill, tree 山顶; 树颠 * the crown (ie the highest part of the curved surface) of a road 弯曲路面的最高部分 * A motor cycle overtook us on the crown (ie the middle or most curved part) of the bend. 有一辆摩托车在拐弯处超过了我们.  4 [C] (a) part of the tooth that is visible outside the gum 齿冠. (b) artificial replacement for this 假齿冠.  5 [C] crown- shaped emblem or ornament, eg a crest or badge 王冠或花冠状的标记或饰物（如纹章或徽章）: A major has a crown on the shoulder of his uniform. 一名少校在制服的肩部有个王冠形的纹章.  6 [C] former British coin worth 5 shillings (25p)  5先令（25便士）的英国旧币.

/kraʊn; kraᴜn/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n] put a crown on the head of (a new king or queen) as a sign of royal power 为（新立为王者）加冕: She was crowned (queen) in 1952. 她于1952年继（王）位. * the crowned heads (ie kings and queens) of Europe 欧洲各国的君主.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (a) (rhet 修辞) form or cover the top of sth 形成或覆盖某物之顶部: The hill is crowned with a wood. 山顶上长满了树. * Beautiful fair hair crowns her head. 她长着一头浅色的秀发.  (b) complete or conclude sth in a worthy or perfect way 圆满完成或结束某事物: The award of this prize crowned his career. 他荣获此奖, 这是他事业的顶峰. * efforts that were finally crowned with success 最终必将成功之努力.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) hit (sb) on the head 打击（某人）头部: Shut up or I'll crown you. 住口, 要不我就砸烂你的脑袋.  4 [Tn] (also cap) put an artificial top on (a tooth) 为（牙齿）镶上假齿冠. Cf 参看 crown1 4.  5 (idm 习语) to crown it `all as the final event in a series of fortunate or unfortunate events 更使人高兴的是; 更糟的是: It was cold, raining, and, to crown it all, we had to walk home. 天气寒冷, 又下着雨, 而最倒霉的是, 我们得走着回家.colony ruled directly by the British government （英国政府）直辖殖民地.(in England and Wales) local court in which serious criminal cases are tried （英格兰及威尔士的）地方刑事法院. Cf 参看 county court (county).crown and other regalia worn or carried by a king or queen on formal occasions （君主于正式场合穿戴的或携带的）王冠及其他象徵王权之物, 御宝.prince who will become the next king 王储; 皇太子.wife of a crown prince 储妃.adj [attrib 作定语] making perfect or complete 获得圆满成功的; 达到顶点的: The performance provided the crowning touch to the evening's entertainments. 该项演出使晚会锦上添花. * the crowning success of her career 她一生成就的顶峰 * Her crowning glory is her hair. 她最引以为荣的是她的头发. * The crowning (ie most extreme) irony was that I didn't even like her. 最使人啼笑皆非的是我根本就不喜欢她.= crosier./ˈkruːʃl; `kruʃəl/ adj ~ (to/for sth) very important; decisive 至关重要的; 决定性的: a crucial decision, issue, factor 关键性的决定、问题、因素 * at the crucial moment 在紧要关头 * Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要.  /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv./ˈkruːsɪbl; `krusəbl/ n  1 pot in which metals are melted 坩埚.  2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) severe test or trial 严峻的考验: The alliance had been forged in the crucible of war. 这个联盟经受了战争的严峻考验./ˈkruːsɪfɪks; `krusəˌfɪks/ n model of the Cross with the figure of Jesus on it 有耶稣像的十字架./ˌkruːsɪˈfɪkʃn; ˌkrusə`fɪkʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) crucifying or being crucified 钉死在十字架上: the Crucifixion, ie of Jesus 耶稣受难像/ˈkruːsɪfɔːm; `krusəˌfɔrm/ adj cross-shaped 十字形的./ˈkruːsɪfaɪ; `krusəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]  1 kill (sb) by nailing or tying him to a cross1(2a) 把（某人）钉死在十字架上.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) deal with (sb) very severely 折磨, 虐待（某人）: The minister was crucified (ie very severely criticized) in the press for his handling of the affair. 部长对此事的处理手法受到新闻界的严厉抨击./krʌd; krʌd/ n (infml 口 esp US)  1 [U] slimy or sticky substance; sth dirty or unwanted 黏糊糊的脏东西; 污垢; 渣滓: all the crud in the bottom of the saucepan 锅底部的积垢.  2 [C] (offensive 蔑) unpleasant person 讨厌的人.adj (infml 口 esp US) unpleasant 讨厌的./kruːd; krud/ adj (-r, -st)  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] in the natural state; unrefined 天然的; 未提炼的: crude oil, sugar, ore, etc 原油、粗糖、原矿.  2 (a) not well finished; not completely worked out; rough 粗陋的; 未完成的; 粗糙的: a crude sketch, method, approximation 粗略的草图、方法、估计 * His paintings are rather crude, ie not skilfully done. 他画的画还不够成熟. * I made my own crude garden furniture. 我给我那园子做了一套简陋的家具. (b) not showing taste or refinement; coarse 粗俗的; 粗鲁的: crude manners 粗鲁的举止 * He made some crude (ie sexually offensive) jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的（淫秽的）笑话.adv: crudely assembled 粗略地汇集起来的 * express oneself crudely 粗略地说说自己的看法./ˈkruːdɪtɪ; `krudətɪ/ n [U]  1 state or quality of being crude (2a) 粗陋; 粗糙; 欠成熟: the crudity of his drawing 他画的画不够成熟.  2 crude(2b) behaviour, remarks, etc 粗俗或粗鲁的行为、词语等: I'd never met such crudity before. 我从未见过这样粗鲁的行径./krʊəl; `kruəl/ adj (-ller, -llest)  1 (derog 贬) ~ (to sb/sth) (of people) making others suffer, esp intentionally （指人）残暴的, 残忍的, 残酷的: a cruel boss, master, dictator, etc 残暴的老板、主人、独裁者等 * people oppressed by a cruel tyranny 受残酷暴政压制的人们 * Don't be cruel to animals. 不要虐待动物.  2 causing pain or suffering 使人痛苦的; 让人受难的: a cruel blow, punishment, disease 叫人吃不消的打击、惩罚、疾病 * cruel (ie bad) luck 恶运 * War is cruel. 战争是残酷无情的.  /ˈkrʊəlɪ; `kruəlɪ/ adv: I was cruelly deceived. 我被骗得很惨./ˈkrʊəltɪ; `kruəltɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) readiness to cause pain or suffering to others; cruel actions 残暴; 残忍; 残酷: his cruelty to his children 他对自己孩子的虐待 * He saw a lot of cruelty in the prison camp. 他在集中营里看到许多惨不忍睹的事.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] cruel act 残暴的举动: the tyrant's infamous cruelties 该暴君可耻的凶残行径./ˈkruːɪt; `kruɪt/ n  1 small glass bottle containing oil or vinegar for use at meals （餐桌上的）调味品瓶.  2 (also `cruet-stand) stand for holding cruets and containers for salt, pepper, mustard, etc 调味品瓶架./kruːz; kruz/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] sail about, either for pleasure or, in wartime, looking for enemy ships （航船）巡游, 巡航: a destroyer cruising about (in) the Baltic Sea 在波罗的海游弋的驱逐舰.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a motor vehicle or an aircraft) travel at a moderate speed, using fuel efficiently （指机动车辆或飞行器）（以节省燃料的）中等速度行进: cruising at 10000 ft/350 miles per hour 以每小时10000英尺[350英里]的中速航行 * a cruising speed of 50 miles per hour 每小时50英里的中等速度. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] drive a vehicle at a moderate speed 以中等速度行驶: Taxis cruised about, hoping to pick up late fares. 计程车以中等速度转来转去, 希望能招揽到晚归的乘客.  3 [I] (sl 俚) (esp of a homosexual) go about in public places looking for someone to have sex with （尤指同性恋者）在公共场寻找性伴侣.

n pleasure voyage 海上航游; 乘船游览: go on/for a cruise 作一次海上航游 * a round-the-world cruise 乘船周游世界.missile, usu with a nuclear warhead, that flies at low altitude and is guided by its own computer 巡航导弹.= cruiser (cruise).

/`kruːzə(r); `kruzɚ/ n  1 large warship 巡洋舰.  2 (also `cabin-cruiser) motor boat with sleeping accommodation, etc, used for pleasure trips 机动游艇（有住宿设备等）./krʌm; krʌm/ n  1 [C] very small piece, esp of bread, cake or biscuit, which has fallen off a larger piece 碎屑（尤指面包、糕饼或饼乾的）: sweep the crumbs off the table 把桌上的食品屑扫掉.  2 [U] soft inner part of a loaf of bread 面包心.  3 [C] small piece or amount 少许; 一点儿: a few crumbs of information 点滴消息 * I failed my exam, and my only crumb of comfort (ie the only thing that consoles me) is that I can take it again. 我没考及格, 唯一可宽慰的是还能补考.  4 [C] (infml 口 esp US) contemptible person 可鄙的家伙: You little crumb! 你这无耻小人!/ˈkrʌmbl; `krʌmbl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into/to sth); ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) be broken or rubbed into very small pieces （将某物） 弄碎; 碎成细屑: crumble one's bread, ie break it into crumbs 把面包弄碎 * The bricks slowly crumbled in the long frost. 砖块在长期寒冷的情况下慢慢地碎裂了. * crumbling walls, ie that are breaking apart 破裂的墙壁.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into/to sth) (fig 比喻) gradually deteriorate or come to an end 渐渐垮掉; 走向末路: The great empire began to crumble. 这个大帝国开始衰落了. * hopes that crumbled to dust 破灭的希望 * Their marriage is crumbling. 他们的婚姻开始出现裂痕.  3 (idm 习语) that's the way the cookie crumbles => way1.

n [U, C] pudding of stewed fruit with a crumbly topping of pastry, breadcrumbs, etc 酥皮水果点心: apple, rhubarb, etc crumble 苹果、大黄等点心./ˈkrʌmblɪ; `krʌmblɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) that crumbles easily 易碎的: crumbly bread, soil, etc 易碎的面包、土壤等./krʌmz; krʌmz/ interj (Brit infml 口) (used to express surprise, apprehension, etc 用以表示惊骇、忧虑等)./ˈkrʌmɪ; `krʌmɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad; worthless; unpleasant 糟糕的; 毫无价值的; 令人厌恶的: a crummy little street in the worst part of town 城中最差之地段的一条邋遢的小街./ˈkrʌmpɪt; `krʌmpɪt/ n  1 [C] (in Britain) flat round unsweetened cake, usu toasted and eaten hot with butter （英国）烤面饼（通常涂上黄油热吃）.  2 [U] (Brit sl sexist 俚, 性别偏见) women, regarded simply as sexually desirable objects （视为性对象的）女子: There's not much crumpet around at this party. 在这次聚会中看不到多少性感的女子.   3 (idm 习语) a bit of crumpet/fluff/skirt/stuff => bit1./ˈkrʌmpl; `krʌmpl/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into sth); ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) be pressed or crushed into folds or creases （将某物）压皱: material that crumples easily 容易起皱的衣料 * a crumpled (up) suit 皱皱巴巴的一套西装 * The front of the car crumpled on impact. 汽车的前部被撞瘪了. * He crumpled the paper (up) into a ball. 他把那张纸揉成一团. * (fig 比喻) The child's face crumpled up and he began to cry. 孩子脸一皱哭了起来.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (fig 比喻) come suddenly to an end; collapse 垮掉; 崩溃: Her resistance to the proposal has crumpled. 她对这个建议的抵触情绪化为乌有了./krʌntʃ; krʌntʃ/ (also scrunch) v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) crush sth noisily with the teeth when eating 嘎吱嘎吱地咬或嚼某物: crunch peanuts, biscuits, etc 嚼花生、饼乾等 * The dog was crunching a bone. 那只狗在啃一块骨头.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a harsh grating noise （使某物）发出刺耳的碎裂声: The frozen snow crunched under our feet. 冻结的雪在我们的脚下嘎吱作响. * The wheels crunched the gravel. 车轮碾在碎石上嘎吱嘎吱地响.

n  1 (also scrunch) (usu sing 通常作单数) noise made by crunching; act of crunching 碎裂声; 使发出碎裂声的动作: There was a crunch as he bit the apple. 在他咬苹果时, 发出嘎扎一响.  2 (idm 习语) if/when it comes to the `crunch; if/when the `crunch comes if/when the decisive moment comes 当关键时刻到来时: He always says he'll help, but when it comes to the crunch, he does nothing. 他口口声声说他一定帮忙, 然而事到临头他什么也不帮.adj (-ier, -iest) (often approv 常作褒义) firm and crisp, and making a sharp sound when broken or crushed 硬而脆的; 碎裂时声音尖利的: crunchy biscuits, snow 松脆的饼乾; 沙沙作响的积雪./ˈkrʌpə(r); `krʌpɚ/ n  1 leather strap fixed to a saddle or harness and looped under a horse's tail 後革酋（拴在马鞍或挽具上兜过马尾的皮带）.  2 rear part of a horse, above the back legs （马的）臀部./kruːˈseɪd; kru`sed/ n  1 any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.  2 ~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动.n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者./krʌʃ; krʌʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] press or squeeze (sth/sb) hard so that there is breakage or injury 压（或挤）坏, 压（或挤）伤（某物[某人]）: Don't crush the box; it has flowers in it. 别把盒子压破了, 里面有花. * Wine is made by crushing grapes. 葡萄酒是压榨葡萄制成的. * Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下来的岩石压死了.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) break sth hard into small pieces or into powder by pressing 捣（或碾）碎某物; 把某物捣（或碾）成粉末: Huge hammers crush (up) the rocks. 用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块.  3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become full of creases or irregular folds （使某物）显得皱皱巴巴的: The clothes were badly crushed in the suitcase. 衣服压在箱子里皱得不像样子了. * Some synthetic materials do not crush easily. 有些化纤衣料不易起皱.  4 [Tn] defeat (sb/sth) completely; subdue 消灭, 击溃, 镇压（某人[某事物]）; 制服: The rebellion was crushed by government forces. 政府军已把叛乱镇压下去. * Her refusal crushed all our hopes. 她一拒绝, 我的希望就全都破灭了. * He felt completely crushed (ie humiliated) by her last remark. 他听到她最後的一番话感到深受凌辱.  5 (phr v) crush (sb/sth) into, past, through, etc sth (cause sb/sth to) move into or through a narrow space by pressing or pushing （使某人[某物]）挤入或挤过: A large crowd crushed past (the barrier). 大群的人挤过了（障碍物）. * You can't crush twenty people into such a tiny room. 不能让二十个人挤进这样一个狭小的房间里. * The postman tried to crush the packet through the letter-box. 邮递员使劲把邮件塞进信箱里.  crush sth out (of sth) remove sth by pressing or squeezing 挤出或榨出某物: crush the juice out of oranges 榨橙子汁 * (fig 比喻) With his hands round her throat he crushed the life out of her. 他双手扼住她的喉咙把她掐死了.

/krʌʃ; krʌʃ/ n  1 [sing] crowd of people pressed close together 拥挤的人群: a big crush in the theatre bar 剧院小卖部里拥挤不堪的人群 * I couldn't get through the crush. 我无法从人群中挤过去.  2 [C] ~ (on sb) (infml 口) strong but typically brief liking (for sb); infatuation （对某人的）强烈而短暂的喜爱, 迷恋: Schoolchildren often have/get crushes on teachers. 小学生往往很钦佩老师.  3 [U] (Brit) drink made from fruit juice 果汁饮料: lemon crush 柠檬饮料.fence put up to control crowds 防挤栏杆.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 overwhelming 压倒的: a crushing defeat, blow, etc 惨重的失败、打击等.  2 intended to subdue or humiliate 企图制服或羞辱对方的: a crushing look, remark, etc 让人受不了的脸色、话语等. adv./krʌst; krʌst/ n  1 (a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He'd share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享.  2 [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰、冻结的雪等 * the Earth's crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳.  3 [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物.  4 (idm 习语) the upper crust => upper.

v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮.  crusted adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和./krʌˈsteɪʃn; krʌs`teʃən/ n any of various types of animal (eg crabs, lobsters, shrimps) that have a hard outer shell and live mostly in water; shellfish 甲壳纲动物（如蟹、虾）; 贝类./ˈkrʌstɪ; `krʌstɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 having or resembling a crisp crust 有（或似）脆皮的: crusty French bread 有脆皮的法式面包 * a crusty pizza base 形成脆的硬皮的意大利烤饼的底部.  2 (infml 口) (esp of older people or their behaviour) easily angered; short-tempered （尤指上年纪的人或其行为）动辄发火的, 急性子的: a crusty old soldier 脾气暴躁的老兵./krʌtʃ; krʌtʃ/ n  1 support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨.  3 = crotch./krʌks; krʌks/ n [sing] most vital or difficult part of a matter, an issue, etc 事情、问题等最重要或最棘手的部分: Now we come to the crux of the problem. 现在我们来谈问题的症结所在./kraɪ; kraɪ/ v (pt, pp cried)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ (for/over sth/sb); ~ (with sth) weep; shed (tears) 哭; 流（泪）: He cried because he had hurt his knee. 他摔伤膝盖哭了起来. * cry for joy, ie because one is happy 喜极而泣 * The child was crying for (ie because he wanted) his mother. 那孩子哭着要妈妈. * cry with pain, hunger, etc 痛、饿...得哭起来 * How many tears have I cried over (ie because of) you? 我为你流了多少眼泪呀! =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (out) (of people, animals, birds) make loud wordless sounds expressing fear, pain, etc （指人、野兽、禽鸟）大叫（表示恐惧、疼痛等）: The monkeys cry (out) shrilly when they see danger. 猴子遇到危险时尖声大叫. * She cried (out) in pain when her tooth was pulled out. 她拔牙时痛得叫了起来. =>Usage at shout 用法见shout. (b) [Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ (out) (for sth) call out loudly in words; exclaim 喊; 喊叫; 呼喊: He cried (out) for mercy. 他大声求饶. * `Help, help!' he cried. ｀救命啊, 救命啊!＇他喊道. * (rhet 修辞) But what about the workers, I hear you cry, ie say. 然而工人们又如何呢, 你说说看.  3 [Tn] (dated 旧) announce (goods, etc) for sale by calling out 叫卖（商品等）: cry one's wares 叫卖货物.  4 (idm 习语) cry one's `eyes/`heart out weep bitterly 痛哭. cry over spilt `milk express regret for sth that has happened and cannot be remedied 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔: You've broken it now; it's no use crying over spilt milk! 你现在既已把它损坏了, 後悔是没有用的! cry/sob oneself to sleep => sleep1. cry `wolf say there is danger when there is none 喊狼来了; 发假警报. for ,crying out `loud (used to express protest 用以表示抗议): For crying out loud! Why did you do that? 我的天哪! 你为什么要干那种事? laugh till/until one cries => laugh.  5 (phr v) cry sth down say that sth is not very good, important, etc 贬低某事物: Don't cry down her real achievements. 不要贬低她真正的成就. cry off withdraw from sth one has promised to do 取消自己的诺言; 打退堂鼓: I said I would go, but had to cry off at the last moment. 我是说过要去的, 但事到临头却不得不改变了主意. cry out for sth demand sth; require sth 要求某事物; 需要某事物: People are crying out for free elections. 人民要求自由选举. * This system is crying out for reform, ie urgently needs to be reformed. 这种制度亟需改革.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cry, sob, weep, wail and whimper. 试比较cry、sob、weep、wail、whimper这五个词. They all indicate people expressing emotions, often with tears. 这些词均指强烈感情的表现, 常伴有眼泪. Cry has the widest use and may be the result of unhappiness, joy, etc or, especially with babies, of physical discomfort *cry使用最广, 可为出于难过、喜悦等或因身体不适（尤指小儿）: The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭. *  Babies cry when they are hungry. 婴儿肚子饿了就哭. Weep is more formal than cry and can suggest stronger emotions *weep比cry文雅, 可表示更为强烈的感情: The hostages wept for joy on their release. 人质获释时喜极而泣. Sob indicates crying with irregular and noisy breathing *sob意为啜泣. It is usually associated with misery 通常与伤心事有关: He sobbed for hours when his cat died. 他的猫死了, 他抽抽搭搭地哭了半天. Children whimper with fear or in complaint 儿童因害怕或抱怨而哭用whimper. *Wail indicates long noisy crying in grief or complaint *wail意为痛哭或嚎啕大哭（因悲痛或哀怨）: The mourners were wailing loudly. 送葬的人都嚎啕大哭. Note that all these verbs can be used instead of `say' to indicate a way of speaking 注意以上各词均可代替`say'使用, 表示这种说话的方式: `I've lost my daddy,' the little boy cried/sobbed/wept/whimpered/wailed. ｀我找不到爸爸了,＇小孩哭着[抽抽搭搭地/哭哭啼啼地/呜呜咽咽地/痛哭流涕地]说.

/kraɪ; kraɪ/ n  1 [C] (a) loud wordless sound expressing grief, pain, joy, etc 大叫声（表示悲伤、疼痛、喜悦）: a cry of terror 惊恐的叫声 * the cry of an animal in pain 动物的疼叫声. (b) loud utterance of words; call; shout 叫喊; 呼喊; 呼叫: angry cries from the mob 闹事的人群愤怒的叫喊. (c) (usu sing 通常作单数) characteristic call of an animal or a bird 动物的嚎叫; 鸟鸣: the cry of the rook 秃鼻乌鸦的鸣叫.  2 [sing] act or period of weeping 哭的动作或期间: Have a good long cry: it will do you good. 痛痛快快地哭一场吧, 哭出来就好受了.  3 [C] (dated 旧) words shouted to give information 大声传叫的话语: the cry of the night-watchman 守夜人的大声传叫 * the old street cries of London, eg `Fresh herrings!' 伦敦街上熟悉的叫卖声, 如｀鲜鲱鱼!＇  4 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) slogan or phrase, used for a principle or cause 口号; 标语: a `battle-cry * a `war-cry * `Lower taxes' was their cry (ie their public demand). 他们的口号是｀减税＇.  5 (idm 习语) a far cry from sth/from doing sth => far1. hue and cry => hue2. in full cry => full.n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who weeps too often or without good reason 动不动就哭的人: He's a dreadful cry-baby. 他简直一碰就哭./ˈkraɪɪŋ; `kraɪɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (esp of sth bad, wrong, etc) extremely bad and shocking （尤指坏事）极糟糕的, 令人震惊的: It's a crying shame, the way they treat their children. 他们对待子女的做法真是太不像话了.  2 great and urgent (used esp in the expression shown) 重要而紧急的（尤用于以下示例）: a crying need 迫切的需要.adj./ˌkraɪəˈdʒenɪks; ˌkraɪə`dʒɛnɪks/ n [sing v] scientific study or use of very low temperatures 低温学. /krɪpt; krɪpt/ n room beneath the floor of a church （教堂的）地下室.comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) hidden; secret 隐藏的; 秘密的: cryptogram * a,crypto-`fascist, ie a person who has fascist sympathies but keeps them secret./ˈkrɪptɪk; `krɪptɪk/ adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语、信息、微笑等. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,' she replied cryptically. ｀又是又不是,＇她神乎其神地回答说./ˈkrɪptəgæm; `krɪptəˌˇæm/ n any flowerless plant, such as a fern, moss or fungus 隐花植物（无花植物, 如蕨类、苔藓类或菌类）./ˈkrɪptəgræm; `krɪptəˌˇræm/ n message written in code 密码材料; 密码文件./ˈkrɪstl; `krɪstl/ n  1 (a) [U] transparent colourless mineral, such as quartz 无色透明的矿物（如石英）; 水晶. (b) [C] piece of this, esp when used as an ornament 水晶石; （尤指）水晶饰品: a necklace of crystals 水晶珠项链 * [attrib 作定语] a crystal bracelet, watch, etc 水晶镯子、石英表.  2 [U] high-quality glassware, made into bowls, vases, glasses, etc 晶质玻璃制品（如碗、瓶、杯等）: The dining-table shone with silver and crystal. 餐桌上摆的银制餐具和晶质玻璃器皿闪闪发光. * [attrib 作定语] a crystal vase, chandelier, etc 晶质玻璃花瓶、吊灯等.  3 [C] (chemistry 化) regular many-sided shape which the molecules of a substance form when it is solid 结晶（体）: sugar and salt crystals 糖和盐的结晶体 * snow and ice crystals 雪和冰的结晶体.  4 [C] (US) glass or plastic cover of the face of a watch 表蒙子.clear glass sphere in which future events can supposedly be seen 水晶球（据说可用以窥见未来情况的透明玻璃球）.1 (of glass, water, etc) entirely clear （指玻璃、水等）完全透明的.  2 (fig 比喻) very easy to understand; completely understood 浅近易懂的; 明明白白的: She made her meaning crystal clear. 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚.early type of radio set 晶体检波接收机, 矿石收音机（早期的收音机）.n [U]  1 looking into a crystal ball 水晶球占卜术.  2 (fig 比喻) attempting to foretell future events 预测未来./ˈkrɪstəlaɪn; `krɪstlˌaɪn/ adj  1 made of or resembling crystals 水晶制的; 水晶般的: crystalline structure, minerals, etc 晶体的结构、矿物等.  2 (fml 文) very clear; transparent 清澈明净的; 透明的: water of crystalline purity 清澈纯净的水.=> crystallization=> crystallize=> crystallized/ˌkrɪstəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; `krɪstlə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈkrɪstəlaɪz; `krɪstlˌaɪz/ v  1 [I, Tn](cause sth to) form into crystals （使某物）结晶.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (of ideas, plans, etc) become clear and definite; cause (ideas, plans, etc) to become clear and definite （指思想、计划等）变得清晰而明确; 使（思想、计划等）具体化: His vague ideas crystallized into a definite plan. 他那些模糊的想法变成了一个明确的计划. * Reading your book helped crystallize my views. 我阅读你的著作有助于澄清我的思想.adj (esp of fruit) preserved in sugar and covered with sugar-crystals （尤指水果）蜜饯的, 有糖霜的: a box of crystallized oranges 一盒蜜饯橙饼./ˌsiː es ˈiː; ˌsi ɛs `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Certificate of Secondary Education 中学文凭: have 4 CSEs 中学文凭考试有4科合格 * take CSE in 6 subjects 中学文凭考试中报考6门科目. Cf 参看 GCE, GCSE./ˌsiː es ˈem; ˌsi ɛs `ɛm/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Company Sergeant-Major 连的军士长./ˌsiː es ˈtiː; ˌsi ɛs `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Standard Time 中部标准时间.abbr 缩写 = (pl cts)  1 carat: an 18 ct gold ring 一只18克拉的金戒指.  2 cent: 50 cts  50分钱.abbr 缩写 = cubic: a volume of 2 cu m, ie 2 cubic metres  2立方米体积./kʌb; kʌb/ n  1 [C] young fox, bear, lion, tiger, etc （狐、熊、狮、虎等的）幼兽.  2 (a) the Cubs [pl] junior branch of the Scout Association 幼童军: to join the Cubs 加入幼童军. (b) Cub [C] (also `Cub Scout) member of this 幼童军成员.  3 (dated 旧) rude young man 毛头小伙子: You cheeky young cub! 你这莽撞的毛头小伙子!young and inexperienced newspaper reporter 年轻缺少经验的记者./ˈkʌbɪ həʊl; `kʌbɪˌhol/ n small enclosed space or room 围起来的小天地; 小房间: My office is a cubby-hole in the basement. 我的办公室是在地下室的一个小房间./kjuːb; kjub/ n  1 (a) (geometry 几) solid body with six equal square sides 立方体; 立方形. =>illus 见插图. (b) six-sided piece of sth, esp food 立方形的东西（尤指 食物）: an ice cube 冰块儿 * Cut the meat into cubes. 把肉切成一块一块的.  2 (mathematics 数) result of multiplying a number by itself twice 立方（三次幂）: The cube of 5 (53) is 125 (5  5  5 = 125). 5的立方（53）是125（555 = 125). =>App 5 见附录5.

v  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (mathematics 数) multiply (a number) by itself twice 使（某数）自乘两次; 求（某数）立方: 10 cubed is 1000.  10的立方为1000.  2 [Tn] cut (food) into cubes 把（食物）切成块状.number which, when cubed, produces the stated number 立方根: The cube root of 64 (364) is 4 (4  4  4 = 64). 64的立方根（3　64）是4（444 = 64）./ˈkjuːbɪk; `kjubɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) having the volume of a cube with sides of the specified length 具有立方体积的; 立方的: a cubic metre of coal 一立方米的煤 * a car with a 2000 cc capacity, ie 2000 cubic centimetres 汽缸容量为2000立方厘米的汽车. (b) measured or expressed in cubic units 用立方单位度量或表示的: cubic content 容量; 容积.  2 (having the shape) of a cube 立方形的: a cubic figure 立方形./ˈkjuːbɪkl; `kjubɪkl/ adj = cubic 2./ˈkjuːbɪkl; `kjubɪkl/ n small compartment made by separating off part of a larger room, eg for dressing, undressing or sleeping in （大房间中隔出的）小室./ˈkjuːbɪzəm; `kjubɪzəm/ n [U] modern style of art in which objects are represented as if they are made up of geometrical shapes 立体主义; 立体派./ˈkjuːbɪst; `kjubɪst/ adj (in the style) of cubism 立体主义的; 立体主义风格的.  n cubist artist 立体派艺术家./ˈkʌkəʊld; `kʌkld/ n (arch usu derog 古, 通常作贬义) man whose wife has committed adultery 妻子与人通奸的人.

v [Tn] (arch 古) (a) (of a man) make (another man) a cuckold by having sex with his wife （指男子）（与某人妻子通奸）使（某人）当乌龟. (b) (of a woman) make (her husband) a cuckold by having sex with another man （指女子）（与人通奸）使（丈夫）当乌龟./ˈkʊkuː; `kᴜku/ n migratory bird with a call that sounds like its name, that leaves its eggs in the nests of other birds 杜鹃; 布谷; 子规; 杜宇.

/ˈkʊkuː; `kᴜku/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语](infml 口) foolish; mad 愚蠢; 疯狂: He has gone absolutely cuckoo. 他简直疯了.clock which strikes the hours with sounds like a cuckoo's call 布谷鸟自鸣钟（报时似布谷鸟的叫声）./ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r); `kjukʌmbɚ/ n  1 (a) [C, U] long green-skinned fleshy vegetable used raw in sandwiches and salads, or pickled 黄瓜: a huge cucumber 一条大黄瓜 * Have some cucumber. 吃点黄瓜吧. *[attrib 作定语] cucumber salad, sandwiches, etc 有黄瓜的色拉、三明治等. =>illus at salad 见salad之插图.(b) [C] plant that produces this 黄瓜藤.  2 (idm 习语) cool as a cucumber => cool1./kʌd; kʌd/ n  1 [U] food that cattle, etc bring back from the stomach into the mouth to chew again 反刍的食物（牛等自胃部返回口中再次咀嚼的食物）.  2 (idm 习语) chew the cud => chew./ˈkʌdl; `kʌdl/ v  1 [I, Tn] hold (sb, sth, each other) close and lovingly in one's arms 搂抱（某人、某物）; （互相）拥抱: The lovers kissed and cuddled on the sofa. 那对恋人在沙发上又是接吻又是搂抱. * The child cuddled her doll (to her chest). 那孩子（怀里）抱着玩具娃娃.  2 (phr v) cuddle up (to/against sb/sth); cuddle up (together) lie close and comfortably; nestle 挨在一起舒适地躺着; 偎依: She cuddled up to her mother. 她偎依着母亲. * They cuddled up (together) under the blanket. 他们盖着毯子（在一起）搂着.

n [sing] act of cuddling; hug 搂抱; 拥抱: have a cuddle together 搂抱在一起./-səm; -səm/, cuddly / 5kQdlI; `kQdlI/ (-ier, -iest) adjs (infml 口) pleasant to cuddle 不由得想搂抱的; 可爱的: a cuddly teddy bear 可爱的玩具熊./ˈkʌdʒl; `kʌdʒəl/ n  1 short thick stick or club 粗而短的棍棒.  2 (idm 习语) take up the cudgels for/on behalf of sb/sth (start to) defend or support sb/sth strongly （奋起）保卫或支持某人[某事物]. 

v (-ll; US also -l-)  1 [Tn] hit (sb) with a cudgel 用粗而短的棍棒打（某人）.  2 (idm 习语) cudgel one's `brains think very hard 冥思苦索; 绞尽脑汁: Hard as I cudgelled my brains, I couldn't remember her name. 尽管我苦思苦想, 还是想不起她的名字./kjuː; kju/ n  1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb's turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that's your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards  which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活--这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌.  2 example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为、行动等的）榜样: take one's cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you'll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士.  3 (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.

v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I'll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.

/kjuː; kju/ n long tapering leather-tipped stick used for striking the ball in snooker, billiards, etc （打台球用的）球杆. =>illus at snooker 见snooker之插图./kʌf; kʌf/ n  1 [C] end of a coat or shirt sleeve at the wrist 袖口: frayed cuffs 磨破的袖口. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图.  2 (US) = turn-up (turn1).  3 cuffs [pl] (sl 俚) handcuffs 手铐.  4 (idm 习语) ,off the `cuff without previous thought or preparation 未经思考; 未经准备: make a remark off the cuff 即席发言 * [attrib 作定语] an ,off-the-cuff `joke, `remark, etc 随口而出的笑话、言语等.

/kʌf; kʌf/ v [Tn] give (sb) a light blow with the open hand, esp on the head 用掌轻拍（某人）（尤指头部）. > cuff n such a blow （用掌的）轻拍.n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of a pair of fasteners for shirt cuffs （衬衫的）袖扣: a pair of cuff-links 一对袖扣./kwɪˈrs; kwɪ`ræs/ n piece of armour protecting the upper body, consisting of a breastplate and back-plate fastened together （由胸甲和背甲两部分合成的）上半身铠甲./kwɪˈziːn; kwɪ`zin/ n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国、意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆./ˈkʌl də sk; `kʌldə`sæk/ n (pl cul-de-sacs) (French 法) street open at one end only; blind alley 一端不通的街道; 死胡同./ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; `kjuləˌnɛrɪ/ adj of or for cooking 烹饪的; 烹饪用的: culinary skill, implements 烹饪技术、用具 * a culinary triumph, ie a very well cooked dish or meal 精心烹调的美味./kʌl; kʌl/ v  1 [Tn] (a) kill (a certain number of usu weaker animals) in a herd, in order to reduce its size 杀掉（一定数量的通常为体弱的动物）以减少兽群总数; 剔除: Deer are culled by hunters. 猎人把鹿杀掉了一批. (b) reduce (the herd) in this way 用有选择地杀掉一部分的方法减少（牧群的数量）: The herd must be culled. 必须有选择地杀掉部分牧畜.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) select or obtain sth from various different sources 从各个不同的方面挑选出或获得某事物: information culled from various reference books 从各种参考书中摘出的资料.

n  1 [C] act of culling 剔除; 挑选: an annual seal cull 一年一度对体弱海豹的杀戮.  2 [sing] animal(s) culled 剔出来杀掉的动物: sell the cull as meat 出售被剔出来杀掉的动物以供食用.= colander./ˈkʌlmɪneɪt; `kʌlməˌnet/ v [Ipr] ~ in sth(fml 文) have the specified final conclusion or result 终于获得某种结局或结果: a long struggle that culminated in success 终于取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件./ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn; ˌkʌlmə`neʃən/ n [sing] eventual conclusion or result 结局; 结果: the successful culmination of a long campaign 一场持久战的胜利结束./kjuːˈlɒts; kju`lɑts/ n [pl] women's wide shorts that look like a skirt （女用的）裙裤: a pair of culottes 一条裙裤./ˌkʌlpəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌkʌlpə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈkʌlpəbl; `kʌlpəbl/ adj ~ (for sth) deserving blame; blameworthy 应受责备的; 难辞其咎的: I cannot be held culpable (for their mistakes). 不能（把他们的错误）归咎于我. * (law 律) culpable negligence, ie failure to do what one should do 应受惩罚的玩忽行为. /ˈkʌlpəblɪ; `kʌlpəblɪ/ adv./ˈkʌlprɪt; `kʌlprɪt/ n person who has done sth wrong; offender 犯过者; 犯罪者: Someone broke a cup: who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯./kʌlt; kʌlt/ n  1 system of religious worship, esp one that is expressed in rituals 宗教的膜拜; （尤指）膜拜仪式: the mysterious nature-worship cults of these ancient peoples 这些先民向大自然的神秘膜拜仪式.  2 ~ (of sb/sth) (often derog 常作贬义) devotion to or admiration of sb/sth 狂热的献身或崇拜: the cult of physical fitness 对身体健美的狂热追求 * a personality cult, ie admiration of a person rather than of what he does or the office he holds 个人崇拜.  3 popular fashion or craze 时尚; 一时的狂热: the current pop music cult 流行音乐的热潮 * [attrib 作定语] a `cult word, ie one used because it is fashionable among members of a particular (usu small) group 时髦用词 * an artist with a cult following, ie who is admired by such a group 有狂热追随者的艺术家./ˈkʌltɪvəbl; `kʌltəvəbl/ adj that can be cultivated 可耕的; 可种植的; 可培养的: cultivable soil, land, etc 可耕的土壤、土地等./ˈkʌltɪveɪt; `kʌltəˌvet/ v [Tn]  1 (a) prepare and use (land, soil, etc) for growing crops 耕（地等）; 耕作. (b) grow (crops) 种植（庄稼）.  2 (a) make (the mind, feelings, etc) more educated and refined 陶冶（思想、感情等）: reading the best authors in an attempt to cultivate her mind 她为陶冶情操而阅读最优秀作家的作品. (b) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (try to) acquire or develop (a relationship, an attitude, etc) （力求）建立或发展（某种关系）、采取（某种态度）: cultivating the friendship of influential people 巴结有权势的人 * cultivate an air of indifference 采取无动于衷的态度. (c) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (try to) win the friendship or support of (sb) （力求）获得（某人）的友谊或支持: You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人.adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人、态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的./ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn; ˌkʌltə`veʃən/ n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地./ˈkʌltɪveɪtə(r); `kʌltəˌvetɚ/ n  1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机.  2 person who cultivates (cultivate 1) 耕种者./ˈkʌltʃərəl; `kʌltʃərəl/ adj of or involving culture 文化的; 与文化有关的: cultural differences, activities, etc 文化的差异、活动等 * cultural studies, eg of art, literature, etc 人文学科（如艺术、文学等） * a cultural desert, ie a place with few cultural activities 文化沙漠. /-rəlɪ; -rəlɪ/ adv./ˈkʌltʃə(r); `kʌltʃɚ/ n  1 [U] (a) refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc 文化（对于文艺等的深刻的了解和鉴赏）: a society without much culture 文化不发达的社会 * She is a woman of considerable culture. 她是个文化修养很高的女子. * Universities should be centres of culture. 大学应该是文化的中心. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) art, literature, etc collectively 文化（文学、艺术等的总称）: tourists coming to Venice in search of culture 前来威尼斯附庸风雅的游客.  2 [U] state of intellectual development of a society 文化（一个社会智力发展的状况）: twentieth-century mass culture 二十世纪的大众文化 * a period of high/low culture 文化高[低]的时期.  3 [U, C] particular form of intellectual expression, eg in art and literature 文化（智力表现的形式, 如体现于文艺方面）: We owe much to Greek culture. 我们得益于希腊文化之处甚多. * She has studied the cultures of Oriental countries. 她研究过东方各国的文化.  4 [U, C] customs, arts, social institutions, etc of a particular group or people 文化（某群体或民族的风俗、人文现象、社会惯例等）: the culture of the Eskimos 爱斯基摩人的文化 * working-class culture 工人阶级的文化.  5 [U] development through training, exercise, treatment, etc 锻炼; 训练; 修养: physical culture, ie developing one's muscles and fitness by doing exercises 体育 * The culture of the mind is vital. 修心养性是极其重要的.  6 [U] growing of plants or rearing of certain types of animal (eg bees, silkworms, etc) to obtain a crop or improve the species （植物的）栽培; （动物, 如蜂、蚕等, 良种的）培育: bulb culture, ie the growing of flowers from bulbs 鳞茎植物的栽培.  7 [C] (biology 生) group of bacteria grown for medical or scientific study 培养的细菌: a culture of cholera germs 培养出的霍乱菌.confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a civilization other than one's own 文化冲击.(infml, joc or derog 口, 谑或贬) person eager to acquire culture 贪求文化的人.adj (of people) appreciating art, literature, etc; refined; cultivated （指人）懂文学、艺术等的, 有教养的, 文雅的.pearl formed by an oyster into which a piece of grit has been placed 养殖珍珠./ˈkʌlvət; `kʌlvɚt/ n drain that crosses beneath a road, railway, etc; underground channel for electrical cables （公路、铁路等的）涵洞; 地下电缆道./kʌm; kʌm/ prep (used to link two ns 用以联结两个名词) also used as; as well as 兼作; 和: a bedroom-cum-sitting-room 卧室、客厅两用房间 * a barman-cum-waiter 酒吧（男）服务员兼招待员./ˈkʌmbəsəm; `kʌmbɚsəm/ adj  1 heavy and difficult to carry, wear, etc （对于携带、穿戴等）笨重的: a cumbersome parcel, overcoat 沉重的包裹、大衣.  2 slow and inefficient 迟缓而缺乏效率的: the university's cumbersome administrative procedures 这所大学拖拖拉拉的行政工作./ˈkʌmɪn; `kʌmɪn/ n [U] (plant with) pleasant-smelling seeds used for flavouring 欧莳萝; 小茴香; 欧莳萝子; 小茴香子（气味芳香, 用作调味品）./ˈkʌməbʌnd; `kʌmɚˌbʌnd/ n sash worn around the waist, esp under a dinner-jacket 腰带（尤指男子穿晚礼服时用的）./ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv; <i>US</i> -leɪtɪv; `kjumjəˌletɪv/ adj gradually increasing in amount, force, etc by one addition after another （数量、力量等）渐增的, 累积的: the cumulative effect of several illnesses 几种疾病日积月累造成的影响. adv./ˈkjuːmjʊləs; `kjumjələs/ n (pl -li / -laI; -9laI/) [U, C] cloud formed of rounded masses heaped on a flat base 积云./ˈkjuːnɪfɔːm; <i>US</i> kjuːˈnɪəfɔːrm; kju`nɪəˌfɔrm/ adj wedge-shaped 楔形的: cuneiform characters, ie as used in old Persian or Assyrian writing 楔形文字（如古代波斯文或亚述文所用的）./ˌkʌnɪˈlɪŋgəs; ˌkʌnə`lɪŋˇəs/ n [U] stimulation of a woman's outer sexual organs with the mouth or tongue 舐阴（用口或舌刺激女性外生殖器之性行为）: perform cunnilingus on sb 对某人作舐阴举动./ˈkʌnɪŋ; `kʌnɪŋ/ adj  1 (a) clever at deceiving people 善于骗人的: a cunning liar, spy, cheat, etc 诡计多端的说谎者、间谍、骗子等 * He's a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸. (b) showing this kind of cleverness 狡猾的; 诡诈的: a cunning smile, trick, plot, etc 狡猾的微笑、行骗手段、计谋等.  2 ingenious 灵巧的; 巧妙的: a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械.  3 (US) attractive; cute 有吸引力的; 可爱的: a cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿、小猫等.

n [U] cunning behaviour or quality 欺诈行为; 狡猾: When he couldn't get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段.adv: cunningly concealed 狡猾地加以掩盖的./kʌnt; kʌnt/ n (<!> offensive 讳, 蔑)  1 (sl 俚) (a) vagina 阴道. (b) outer female sexual organs 女性外生殖器.  2 (derog sl 贬, 俚) unpleasant person 讨厌的人: You stupid cunt! 你这笨蛋!/kʌp; kʌp/ n  1 [C] small bowl-shaped container, usu with a handle, for drinking tea, coffee, etc from; its contents; the amount it will hold 杯子; 杯中之物; 一杯之量: a `teacup  * a ,cup and `saucer 一套杯碟 * a,cup of `coffee 一杯咖啡 * a paper cup 纸杯 * She drank a whole cup of milk. 她喝了满满一杯牛奶. * Use two cups of flour for the cake, ie as a measure in cooking. 用两杯面粉做蛋糕（用作烹饪的量器）. * (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) My cup (of joy) is full/overflowing, ie I am extremely happy. 我快乐极了. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C] (a) vessel, usu of gold or silver, awarded as a prize in a competition 奖杯: teams competing for the World Cup, eg in football 争夺世界杯的球队（如足球赛中） * He's won several cups for shooting. 他曾多次荣获射击比赛的奖杯. (b) such a competition 优胜杯赛; 锦标赛: We got knocked out of the Cup in the first round. 我们在锦标赛的第一轮比赛中就被淘汰了.  3 [C] = chalice.  4 [C] thing shaped like a deep narrow bowl 杯形物: an `egg-cup 蛋杯 * the cup in which an acorn grows 长橡果的壳斗 * the cups of a bra 胸罩的罩杯 * She wears a `D cup, ie size of bra. 她戴罩杯尺寸为D的胸罩.  5 [U] drink made from wine, cider, etc with other flavourings added （由葡萄酒、苹果酒等加其他调料制成的）混合饮料: `claret-cup 红葡萄酒混合饮料 * `cider-cup 苹果酒混合饮料.  6 (idm 习语) (not) sb's cup of `tea (infml 口) (not) what sb likes, is interested in, etc （非）某人所喜爱、所关注等的: Skiing isn't really my cup of tea. 滑雪不算是我的嗜好. in one's `cups (dated fml 旧, 文) drunk 喝醉的. there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip => slip1.`

/kʌp; kʌp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn] form (esp one's hands) into the shape of a cup 做成杯状（尤指用手窝成）: She cupped her hands round her mouth and shouted. 她窝起两只手掌围着嘴喊.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) hold sth as if in cup 把某物放入杯状物中: cup one's chin in one's hands 窝起两只手掌托住下巴.(usu 通常作 Cup Final) final match to decide the winner of a knock-out competition, esp in football 优胜杯决赛（尤指足球）.n match between teams competing for a cup, esp in football 优胜杯淘汰赛（尤指足球）./ˈkʌbəd; `kʌbɚd/ n  1 set of shelves with a door or doors in front, either built into the wall of a room or as a separate piece of furniture, used for storing food, clothes, dishes, etc （放食物、衣物、碗碟等的）柜橱: a ,kitchen `cupboard 厨房用的橱柜 * an `airing cupboard, ie for airing clothes 烘柜（用以烘乾衣物） * (fig 比喻) They ask for more funds, but the cupboard is bare, ie there is no money to give them. 他们要求提供更多的资金, 然而我们已囊空如洗. * [attrib 作定语] not enough cupboard space 橱柜里放不下. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 (idm 习语) `cupboard love affection that is shown, esp by a child, in order to gain sth by it （为获得某事物）讨人喜欢（尤指小孩）: It's only cupboard love; he wants some sweets! 别看他那么讨人喜欢, 他要吃糖! a skeleton in the cupboard => skeleton./ˈkʌpfʊl; `kʌpˌfᴜl/ n amount that a cup will hold 一杯的容量./ˈkjuːpɪd; `kjupɪd/ n  1 the Roman god of love 丘比特（罗马神话中的爱神）.  2 cupid [C] (picture or statue of a) beautiful boy with wings and a bow and arrow, representing love （生有双翼, 手持弓矢, 视为爱的化身的）美男孩（的画像或塑像）; 丘比特像./kjuːˈpɪdətɪ; kjᴜ`pɪdətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) greed, esp for money or possessions 贪婪; （尤指）贪财物./ˈkjuːpələ; `kjupələ/ n (a) small dome forming (part of) a roof 圆屋顶. (b) ceiling of this 穹顶天花板./ˈkʌpə; `kʌpə/ n (Brit infml 口) cup of tea 一杯茶: Shall we have a cuppa? 咱们喝杯茶好吗?/ˌkjuːprəʊˈnɪkl; ˌkjupro`nɪkl/ n [U] alloy of copper and nickel used for making coins 铜镍合金（用以制造硬币）./kɜː(r); kɝ/ n (dated 旧)  1 vicious or bad-tempered dog, esp a mongrel 恶犬（尤指杂种狗）.  2 (fig 比喻) cowardly or worthless man 胆小鬼; 不中用的家伙: You treacherous cur! 你这个背信弃义的家伙!/ˌkjʊərəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌkjᴜrə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈkjʊərəbl; `kjᴜrəbl/ adj that can be cured 可治愈的: Some types of cancer are curable. 有些癌症是可以治愈的. /ˌkjʊərəˈsəʊ; <i>US</i> -ˈsaʊ;ˌkjᴜrə`saᴜ/ n [U] liqueur flavoured with the peel of bitter oranges 库拉索酒（一种用苦橙皮调味的甜酒）./ˈkjʊərəsɪ; `kjᴜrəsɪ/ n curate's job or position; holding of such a job or position 助理牧师的职务或职位; 助理牧师的身分: a curacy at a church in Oxford 牛津一座教堂中的助理牧师职位 * during his curacy 在他担任助理牧师期间./ˈkjʊərət; `kjᴜrɪt/ n  1 (in the Church of England) clergyman who helps a parish priest （英国国教会的）助理牧师. Cf 参看 vicar.  2 (idm 习语) a curate's `egg (Brit usu derog 通常作贬义) thing with both good and bad aspects 瑕瑜互见之物./ˈkjʊərətɪv; `kjᴜrətɪv/ adj helping to, able to or intended to cure illness, etc 有助于治疗的; 有疗效的; 以治病等为目的的: the curative properties of a herb 药草的治疗性能./kjʊəˈreɪtə(r); <i>US</i> also ˈkjʊərətər; kjᴜ`retɚ/ n person in charge of a museum, an art gallery, etc （博物馆、美术馆等的）馆长./kɜːb; kɝb/ n  1 ~ (on sth) thing that restrains or controls 起约束或控制作用的事物: put/keep a curb on one's anger, feelings, etc 抑制怒火、感情等 * government curbs on spending 政府对开支的限制.  2 strap or chain passing under a horse's jaw, used to restrain the horse 马勒, 马嚼子（横放在马嘴里的皮带或铁链, 用以驾御马匹）.  3 (esp US) = kerb.

v [Tn]  1 prevent (sth) from getting out of control; restrain 防止（某事物）失控; 约束: curb one's anger, feelings, etc 抑制怒火、感情等 * curb spending, waste, etc 限制开支、浪费等.  2 control (a horse) by means of a curb 勒住（马）./kɜːd; kɝd/ n  1 (usu 通常作 curds [pl]) thick soft substance formed when milk turns sour, used to make cheese 凝乳（牛奶发酵而形成的稠而软的物质, 可制奶酪）: ,curds and `whey 凝乳和乳清 * [attrib 作定语] curd `cheese 凝乳制的乾酪.  2 [U] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) substance made to look like curds 做成凝乳状的物质: ,lemon-`curd, ie made from eggs, butter and sugar, flavoured with lemon, and used like jam * soya-`bean curd./ˈkɜːdl; `kɝdl/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one's blood/make one's blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声./kjʊə(r); kjᴜr/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) make sb healthy again 治愈某人: The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症. (b) [Tn] provide a successful remedy for (an illness, etc) 治好（疾病等）: This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.  2 (a) [Tn] (fig 比喻) find a solution to (sth); put an end to 解决（某事物）; 了结: Ministers hoped that import controls might cure the economy's serious inflation. 部长们希望实行进口控制或可抑止经济上严重的通货膨胀. (b)[Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth (fig 比喻) stop sb from behaving unpleasantly, harmfully, etc 矫正某人的不良行为: That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病.  3 [Tn] treat(meat, fish, tobacco, etc) by salting it, smoking it, drying it, etc in order to keep it in good condition （用腌、熏、烤等方法）加工处理（肉、鱼、烟草等）: well-cured bacon 精制的熏猪肉.  4 (idm 习语) kill or cure => kill.

/kjʊə(r); kjᴜr/ n  1 [C] act of curing or process of being cured 治疗; 治愈: The doctor cannot guarantee a cure. 医生不能保证治愈. * Her cure took six weeks. 她的病用了六个星期才治好. * effect/work a cure 治愈[治疗].  2 [C, U] ~ (for sth) substance or treatment that cures; remedy 药物; 疗法: Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法? * a disease with no known cure 迄今仍然无法可治的疾病 * He has tried all sorts of cures, but without success. 他已试用过各种各样的疗法, 但仍不见效. * (fig 比喻) What is the cure for the plight of the homeless? 帮助无家可归者摆脱困境有何措施?  3 [C, U] (fml 文) duties of a priest 牧师的职务: the cure of souls, ie looking after people's spiritual welfare 拯救灵魂的工作 * obtain/resign a cure, ie a position as a priest 就任[辞去]牧师职务.  4 (idm 习语) prevention is better than cure => prevention./ˈkɜːfjuː; `kɝfju/ n signal or time after which people must stay indoors until the next day 宵禁: an 11 o'clock curfew 从11点钟起宵禁 * impose a curfew, eg under martial law 实行宵禁（如根据戒严法） * lift/end a curfew 解除宵禁 * Don't go out after curfew. 宵禁时不要外出./ˈkjʊərɪəʊ; `kjᴜrɪˌo/ n (pl ~s) small object that is quite rare or unusual 小件的珍奇物品: his valuable collection of curios 他搜集的贵重珍品./ˌkjʊərɪˈɒsətɪ; ˌkjᴜrɪ`ɑsətɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ (about sth/to do sth) being curious(1a); inquisitiveness 好奇心; 爱打听的癖性: curiosity about distant lands 对于遥远国家的好奇心 * her burning curiosity to know what's going on 她想知道发生了何事的强烈欲望 * He gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to his sister. 他抑制不住好奇心, 拆开了别人写给他妹妹的信.  2 [C] strange or unusual thing or person; strange or rare object 稀奇或罕见的事物或人; 奇物; 珍品: She is so eccentric that she is regarded as a bit of a curiosity. 她非常古怪, 算是个奇人.  3 (idm 习语) curiosity killed the `cat (saying 谚) (said to sb to stop him being too inquisitive 谓某人不可过于好奇的用语)./ˈkjʊərɪəs; `kjᴜrɪəs/ adj  1 ~ (about sth/to do sth) (a) (approv 褒) eager to know or learn 富于好奇心的; 有求知欲的; 感兴趣的: curious about the origin of mankind/the structure of atoms 对人类的起源[原子的结 构]有兴趣的 * I'm curious to know what she said. 我真想知道她说了什么. * He is a curious boy who is always asking questions. 他是个有求知欲的孩子, 老是问这问那. (b) (derog 贬) having or showing too much interest in the affairs of others 对别人的事情过分感兴趣的; 爱管闲事的: curious neighbours 爱打听别人闲事的邻居 * She's always so curious about my work. 她总爱打听我的工作. * Hide it where curious eyes won't see it. 把它藏在好事者看不见的地方. * Don't be so curious! 别这么好奇!  2 strange; unusual 奇特的; 不寻常的: She looks rather curious with green hair. 她头发是绿的, 样子有点古怪. * What a curious thing to say. 说的多么离奇. * Isn't he a curious-looking little man? 他长得怎么那么怪呀? * It's curious that he didn't tell you. 他没有告诉你, 实在反常. > curiously adv: She was there all day but, curiously, I didn't see her. 她一整天都在那里, 然而奇怪的是, 我却没有看见她./kɜːl; kɝl/ n  1 [C] thing, esp a small bunch of hair, that curves round and round like a spiral or the thread of a screw 卷状物; 螺旋状物; （尤指）一绺鬈发: curls (of hair) falling over her shoulder 垂在她肩上的鬈发 * hair falling in curls over her shoulders 呈卷状垂于她两肩的头发 * the little boy's golden curls, ie curly hair 这小男孩的金色鬈发 * a curl of smoke rising from a cigarette 从香烟上面缭绕升起的一缕烟 * `Of course not,' he said, with a curl of his lip, ie expressing scorn. ｀当然不是,＇ 他嘴一撇（表示鄙夷）地说.  2 [U] plant disease in which the leaves curl up （植物的）卷叶病.

/kɜːl; kɝl/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (a) (cause sth to) form into a curl or curls; coil （使某物）弯曲; 盘绕: She has curled (up) her hair. 她已经卷过头发. * Does her hair curl naturally? 她的头发是生来就鬈的吗? (b) (cause sth to) form into a curved shape, esp so that the edges are rolled up （使某物）呈拳曲状（尤指边缘）: The frost made the leaves curl (up). 叶子受霜冻而卷了起来. * The heat curled the paper (up). 纸张受热而打卷儿.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move in a spiral; coil 旋绕; 盘绕: The smoke curled upwards. 烟气袅袅上升. * The plant's tendrils curled up the stick. 植物的卷须盘绕在枯枝上.  3 (idm 习语) curl one's lip put on a sneering expression 撇嘴（表示轻蔑）. make sb's hair curl => hair.  4 (phr v) curl up (a) lie or sit with curved back and one's legs drawn up close to the body （躺或坐）蜷作一团: curl up with a book 弯着身子看书 * The dog curled up in front of the fire. 那只狗蜷伏在火炉前面. (b) bend at the waist 弯腰: A blow to the stomach made him curl up. 他腹部受到一击而直不起腰来. curl (sb) up (infml 口) (a) (cause sb to) feel very embarrassed （使某人）感到非常难堪: My father's bad jokes always make me curl up. 父亲那些要不得的玩笑总是让我很难为情. (b) (cause sb to) laugh heartily （使某人）开怀大笑: I just curled up when I saw her dressed as a clown. 我见她打扮得像个小丑, 把我笑得直不起腰来.n small cylinder around which wet or warm hair is wound to curl it 卷发夹./ˈkɜːljuː; `kɝlju/ n water bird with a long thin beak that curves downwards 杓鹬（一种滨鸟, 喙长而下弯）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v./ˈkɜːlɪŋ; `kɝlɪŋ/ n [U] game played on ice, esp in Scotland, with heavy flat round stones which are slid along the ice towards a mark 冰上溜石游戏（将圆底石片滑向一目标, 尤风行于苏格兰）.=> curling-tongsns [pl] metal device for curling hair using heat （烫鬈发用的）卷发钳.adj (-ier, -iest) curling; full of curls 拳曲的; 曲曲弯弯的: curly hair 鬈发 * a curly pattern 线条曲曲弯弯的图样 * a ,curly-headed `girl 有一头鬈发的姑娘. =>illus at hair 见hair之插图./kɜːˈmʌdʒən; kɚ`mʌdʒən/ n (dated 旧) bad-tempered person 脾气不好的人. adj: a curmudgeonly person, act 暴戾的人、行为./ˈkʌrənt; `kɝənt/ n  1 small sweet dried seedless grape used in cookery 无子葡萄乾: [attrib 作定语] a currant bun 葡萄乾小圆面包.  2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (cultivated bush with) small black, red or white fruit growing in clusters 醋栗; 醋栗树: blackcurrants * redcurrants./ˈkʌrənsɪ; `kɝənsɪ/ n  1 [C, U] money system in use in a country 通货; 货币: gold/paper currency 金[纸]币 * trading in foreign currencies 以外汇为支付手段的贸易 * decimal currency 十进制货币 * a strong currency 强通货 * [attrib 作定语] a currency crisis, deal, etc 货币的危机、交易等.  2 [U] (state of being in) common or general use (used esp with the vs shown) 流通, 通用, 流行（尤与以下动词连用）: ideas which had enjoyed a brief currency (ie were briefly popular) during the eighteenth century 在十八世纪风行一时的观点 * The rumour soon gained currency, ie became widespread. 谣言很快传开了. * Newspaper stories gave currency to this scandal, ie spread it. 报刊所作的报道使这丑闻广为传布./ˈkʌrənt; `kɝənt/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the present time; happening now 现在的; 现行的; 当前发生的: current issues, problems, prices 目前的议题、问题、价格 * the current issue of a magazine 最新一期的杂志 * the current year, ie this year 今年 * current events in India 印度的要闻 * her current boy-friend 她现在的男朋友.  2 in common or general use; generally accepted 通用的; 通行的; 被普遍接受的: current opinions, beliefs, etc 普遍的看法、信仰等 * words that are no longer current 已不通用的词 * a rumour that is current (ie widely known) in the city 在城里广为传播的谣言. =>Usage at new 用法见new.

/ˈkʌrənt; `kɝənt/ n  1 [C] movement of water, air, etc flowing in a certain direction through slower-moving or still water, air, etc （水、气等的）流, 流动: The swimmer was swept away by the current. 那个游泳的人被激流卷走了. * She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游. * Currents of warm air keep the hang-gliders aloft. 悬挂式滑翔机藉着暖气流在高空飞行.  2 [U, sing] flow of electricity through sth or along a wire or cable 电流: a 15-amp current 强度为15安培的电流 * Turn on the current. 接通电源. * A sudden surge in the current made the lights fuse. 电压突然增加烧断了保险丝而使电灯熄灭. Cf 参看 alternating current (alternate2), direct current (direct1).  3 [C] course or movement (of events, opinions, etc); trend （事件、见解等的）趋向, 趋势, 倾向: Nothing disturbs the peaceful current of life in the village. 没有任何事干扰村里一向平静的生活. * We must try to counteract the present current of anti-government feeling. 我们应该努力消除目前的这股反政府情绪.(esp Brit) (US checking account) bank account from which money can be drawn without previous notice 活期存款账户. Cf 参看 deposit account (deposit2), savings account (saving).events of political importance happening in the world at the present time 时事.(commerce 商) assets which change in the course of business (eg money owed) 流动资产. Cf 参看 fixed assets (fix1).adv at the present time 当前; 时下: our director, who is currently in London 本公司的董事, 现在伦敦./kəˈrɪkjʊləm; kə`rɪkjələm/ n (pl ~s or  -la / -lE; -lE/) subjects included in a course of study or taught at a particular school, college, etc （全部的）课程: Is German on your school's curriculum? 你们学校有德语课吗? Cf 参看 syllabus./kəˌrɪkjʊləm ˈviːtaɪ; kəˌrɪkjələm`vitaɪ/ (abbr 缩写 cv) (US also resume) brief account of sb's previous career, usu sumitted with an application for a job （个的）简历, 履历.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] cooked with certain hot-tasting spices 用咖喱烹调的: curried chicken, beef, etc 咖喱鸡、牛肉等./ˈkʌrɪ; `kɝɪ/ n [C, U] dish of meat, fish, vegetables, etc cooked with certain hot-tasting spices, usu served with rice 用咖喱烹调的菜: a chicken, beef, etc curry 一道咖喱鸡、牛肉等 * eat too much curry 吃过多用咖喱烹调的菜.

/ˈkʌrɪ; `kɝɪ/ v (pt, pp curried)  1 [Tn] rub down and clean (a horse) with a curry-comb （用马梳）梳刷, 梳洗（马）.  2 (idm 习语) curry favour (with sb) (derog 贬) try to gain sb's favour by flattery, etc 拍某人马屁.mixture of turmeric, cumin and other spices ground to a powder and used to make curry 咖喱粉.n pad with rubber or plastic teeth for rubbing down a horse 马梳./kɜːs; kɝs/ n  1 [C] impolite or obscene word or words used to express violent anger 咒骂语: angrily muttering curses 愤怒地低声咒骂.  2 [sing] word or words spoken with the aim of punishing, injuring or destroying sb/sth 咒; 咒语: The witch put a curse on him, ie used a curse against him. 女巫念咒诅咒他. * be under a curse, ie suffer as a result of a curse 遭受诅咒 * lift a curse, ie cancel it 解除咒语.  3 [C] cause of evil, harm, destruction, etc 祸根; 祸由: the curse of inflation 通货膨胀的祸害 * Gambling is often a curse. 赌博往往是个祸根. * His wealth proved a curse to him. 他的财富到头来害了他.  4 the curse [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) menstruation 月经; 行经: I've got the curse today. 我今天来月经了.

/kɜːs; kɝs/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) utter curses (curse1 2) (against sb/sth) 诅咒（某人[某事物]）: to curse and swear 咒骂 * He cursed (at) his bad luck. 他诅咒自己运气不好. * I cursed her for spoiling my plans. 我诅咒她坏了我的事. (b) [Tn] use a curse(curse1 2) against (sb/sth) 念咒语诅咒（某人[某事物]）: The witch-doctor has cursed our cattle. 巫医念了咒语想叫我家的牛遭殃.  2 (phr v) be cursed with sth be afflicted with sth, esp habitually; have the stated bad thing 受某事物之害（尤指经常）; 为某事物所苦: be cursed with bad health, a violent temper, bad luck, etc 因身体有病、脾气暴躁、命运不好等而吃苦头./ˈkɜːsɪd; `kɝsɪd/ adj [attrib 作定语] (used to show annoyance 用以表示恼怒) hateful; unpleasant 可恨的; 讨厌的: This work is a cursed nuisance. 这种工作讨厌死了. adv./ˈkɜːsɪv; `kɝsɪv/ adj (of handwriting) with letters rounded and joined together （指书法）草书的, 草体的./ˈkɜːsə(r); `kɝsɚ/ n (computing 计) movable dot on a VDU screen that indicates a particular position 光标./ˈkɜːsərəlɪ; `kɝsərəlɪ/ adv./ˈkɜːsərɪ; `kɝsərɪ/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥、粗略的一看、草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. /kɜːt; kɝt/ adj (derog 贬) (of a speaker, his manner, what he says) rudely brief; abrupt （指说话者、态度、话语）简单粗暴的, 唐突无礼的: a curt answer, rebuke, etc 唐突无礼的回答、责难等 * He's rather curt when he's angry. 他生气时不免有些失礼. * I was a little curt with him, ie spoke sharply to him. 我有点冒犯了他（言语尖刻）. /kɜːˈteɪl; kɝ`tel/ v [Tn] make (sth) shorter or less; reduce 缩短, 减少（某事物）; 削减: curtail a speech, one's holidays 缩短讲话、假期 * We must try to curtail our spending. 我们必须尽力缩减开支. * Illness has curtailed her sporting activities. 她因病而减少了体育活动.n [C, U] (act of) curtailing 缩短; 减少; 削减./ˈkɜːtn; `kɝtn/ n  1 [C] (a) (US drape) piece of material hung to cover a window, and usu movable sideways 窗帘: draw the curtains, ie pull them across the window(s) 把窗帘拉上 * lace curtains 花边窗帘. (b) similar piece of material hung up as a screen 作屏幕用的帘子: Pull the curtains round the patient's bed. 把病床周围的床帷拉上. * a shower curtain 浴帘.  2 [sing] (a) screen of heavy material that can be raised or lowered at the front of a stage （舞台的）幕: The curtain rises/goes up, ie The play/act begins. 幕启（演出开始）. * The curtain falls/comes down, ie The play/act ends. 幕落（演出结束）. * (fig 比喻) The curtain has fallen on her long and distinguished career, ie Her career has ended. 她那漫长而成就斐然的生涯已告结束. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. (b) (fig 比喻) raising or lowering of such a curtain 开幕或闭幕: Tonight's curtain is at 7. 30, ie the play begins at 7. 30. 今晚的演出七点半开始. * After the final curtain (ie After the play had ended) we went backstage. 演出结束後我们到後台去了.  3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (fig 比喻) thing that screens, covers, protects, etc 掩蔽物; 覆盖物; 防护物: a curtain of fog, mist, etc 一层雾幕、薄雾等 * A curtain of rain swept over the valley. 瓢泼大雨冲刷着这个谷地. * the curtain of secrecy that hides the Government's intentions 掩盖政府意图的烟幕.  4 curtains [pl] ~s (for sb/sth) (infml 口) hopeless situation; the end 绝望的处境; 完蛋: When I saw he had a gun, I knew it was curtains for me. 我一见到他拿着枪, 就知道这下子我算完了.  5 (idm 习语) ring up/down the curtain => ring2.

v  1 [Tn] provide (a window, an alcove, etc) with a curtain or curtains 给（窗户、凹室等）装上帘子: curtained windows 挂窗帘的窗户 * enough material to curtain all the rooms 够给所有的房间装上窗帘的布料.  2 (phr v) curtain sth off separate or divide sth with a curtain or curtains 把某物用帘幕隔开: curtain off part of a room 把房间的一部分用布幔分隔开.n actor's appearance in front of the curtain at the end of a play to receive applause 谢幕: The performers took (ie made) their curtain-call. 演出人员出场谢幕.n ~ (to sth) (a) short piece performed before the main play 序幕（正剧演出前的短剧）. (b) thing that precedes a similar but larger or more important event 序幕, 前奏（重大事件的开端）:  border incidents that were curtain-raisers to a full-scale war 引发一场全面战争的边境事件.adv. n [U]./ˈkɜːtsɪ; `kɝtsɪ/ n bend of the knees with one foot in front of the other, performed by women as a sign of respect, eg to a monarch （女子行的）屈膝礼: make/drop/bob a curtsey (to sb) （向某人）行屈膝礼.

v (pt, pp curtseyed, curtsied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) make a curtsey 行屈膝礼: curtsey to the Queen 向女王行屈膝礼./kɜːˈveɪʃəs; kɝ`veʃəs/ adj (esp sexist 尤含性别偏见) (of a woman) having an attractively rounded figure （指女子）标致丰腴的./ˈkɜːvətʃə(r); <i>US</i> -tʃʊər; `kɝvəˌtʃᴜr/ n [U] curved form; curving 弯曲形状; 弯曲: the curvature of the earth's surface 地球表面的曲度 * to suffer from curvature of the spine 患脊柱弯曲症./kɜːv; kɝv/ n  1 line of which no part is straight and which changes direction without angles 曲线; 弧线: a curve on a graph 图表上的曲线.  2 thing shaped like this 曲线状物; 弯曲物: a curve in the road 道路的弯曲处 * a pattern full of curves and angles 满是曲线和尖角的图案 * her attractive curves, ie pleasantly rounded figure 她那富于曲线美的身段.

v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form a curve （使某物）成曲线形: The road curved suddenly to the left. 那条路突然向左转弯. * a knife with a curved blade 刀身弯曲的小刀.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move in a curve 沿曲线移动: The spear curved through the air. 标枪在空中沿曲线运动.adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 curving; curved 弯曲的; 弧状的: curvy lines 曲线.  2 curvaceous 有曲线美的./ˈkʊʃn; `kᴜʃən/ n  1 small bag filled with soft material, feathers, etc, used to make a seat more comfortable, to kneel on, etc （坐、跪等时用的）软垫, 靠垫, 垫子.  2 mass of sth soft 柔软如垫之物: a cushion of moss on the rock 岩石上的一层青苔 * A hovercraft rides on a cushion of air. 气垫船悬浮在气垫上行驶. * a `pin-cushion 针插 * (fig 比喻) The three goals we scored in the first half give us a useful cushion (ie protect us) against defeat. 我们在上半场比赛中射进的三个球可以使我们稳操胜券.  3 soft bouncy lining of the inside edges of a snooker or billiard table, from which balls rebound （台球台内侧边缘的）弹性衬里. =>illus at snooker 见snooker之插图.

v  1 [Tn] soften (sth) by absorbing the effect of impact 对（某事物）起缓冲作用: Powerful shock absorbers cushion our landing. 有效的减震装置缓解了我们着陆时的冲撞力.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against/from sth) (fig 比喻) protect sb/sth (from sth harmful), sometimes excessively 保护某人[某事物]（有时过分）: a child who has been cushioned from unpleasant experiences 备受关怀而生活得无忧无虑的孩 子 * Wage increases have cushioned us from the effects of higher prices. 工资提高後减轻了物价上涨对我们的影响./ˈkʊʃɪ; `kᴜʃɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义)  1 (esp of a job) not requiring much effort （尤指工作）轻松的, 不费劲的: Her job's so cushy: she does next to nothing and earns a fortune. 她的工作真轻松: 几乎无所事事却能挣大钱. * It's a cushy life for the rich. 有钱人日子过得很舒服.  2 (idm 习语) a cushy `number (infml 口) job or situation in life that is pleasant, easy and undemanding 愉快、轻松又不费心劳神的工作或生活状况: He's got himself a very cushy little number. 他弄到了一份美差./kʌsp; kʌsp/ n pointed end where two curves meet （两弧线相交所形成的）尖端: the cusp of a crescent/a leaf 月牙[叶子]的尖端./kʌs; kʌs/ n (infml 口)  1 curse 诅咒.  2 (preceded by an adj 用于形容词之後) person 人; 家伙: He's an awkward/queer old cuss. 他是个笨手笨脚的[古里古怪的]家伙.  3 (idm 习语) not give a `cuss/`damn(about sb/sth) be completely unworried 一点不在乎./ˈkʌsɪd; `kʌsɪd/ adj (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people) unwilling to agree or co-operate; obstinate; contrary (3)（指人）执拗的, 固执的, 好作对的: She's so cussed she always does the opposite of what you ask. 她这人真是牛脾气, 总是与你的要求背道而驰. > cussedly adv. cussedness n [U] (fig 比喻): It rained, with the usual cussedness of the English weather. 天不作美, 英国的天气往往专门与人作对./ˈkʌstəd; `kʌstɚd/ n [U] sweet sauce, typically yellow, eaten with fruit, pastry, etc as a dessert, and made from flavoured cornflour mixed with sugar and milk 蛋奶沙司（一种甜食, 与水果、糕饼等一同食用）: apple pie and custard 苹果馅饼加蛋奶沙司.flat round mass of soft wet or foamy matter, like a pie, which performers throw at each other in slapstick comedy 蛋奶糕饼（松软或黏稠的圆饼, 在闹剧中演员常用以掷打对方）./kʌˈstəʊdɪəl; kʌs`todɪəl/ adj (law 律) involving imprisonment 监禁的; 拘留的: a custodial sentence 予以监禁的判决./kʌˈstəʊdɪən; kʌs`todɪən/ n person who takes care of or looks after sth 看管人; 监护人: a self-appointed custodian of public morals 自封的公共道德的卫道士./ˈkʌstədɪ; `kʌstədɪ/ n [U]  1 (right or duty of) taking care of sb/sth 监管、监护（的权利或责任）: leave one's valuables in safe custody, eg in a bank 将贵重物品妥善保管（如于银行中） * When his parents died, he was placed in the custody of his aunt. 他的父母去世以後, 他就交由姑妈照管. * The court gave the mother custody of the child, eg after a divorce. 法庭把孩子判给母亲照管（如在离婚以後）. * parents involved in a battle over custody, ie disputing who should have the right to look after the children 为孩子的监护权而争得不可开交的父母.  2 imprisonment while awaiting trial 拘留; 羁押: The magistrate remanded him in custody for two weeks. 法官命令把他拘留两星期. * be held in custody 被拘留 * take sb into custody, ie arrest him 将某人拘捕./ˈkʌstəm; `kʌstəm/ n  1 (a) [C, U] usual, generally accepted and long-established way of behaving or doing things 习俗; 风俗: It is difficult to get used to another country's customs. 要适应另一国家的风俗习惯是很困难的. * the customs of the Eskimos 爱斯基摩人的风俗 * a slave to custom, ie sb who does what most people do and have always done 习俗的奴隶 * procedures laid down by ancient custom 依照古老的习俗制定的程序. (b) [C] thing that sb habitually does; practice 个人的习惯: It is my custom to rise early. 早起是我的习惯.  2 [U] regular purchases from a tradesman, shop, etc 经常向某商人、商店等购物: We would like to have your custom, ie would like you to buy our goods. 我们欢迎您经常惠顾. * We've lost a lot of custom since our prices went up, ie Fewer goods have been bought from us. 自从提价以後, 我们失去了许多顾客的生意. * I shall withdraw my custom (ie stop buying goods) from that shop. 我不再去那家商店买东西了.

/ˈkʌstəm; `kʌstəm/ adj [attrib 作定语] made as the buyer specifies, rather than as a standard model 定做的: a custom car 定制的汽车.adj built or made as the buyer specifies 按顾主的具体要求建造或制造的; 定做的: a ,custom-built `car 按买主的要求制造的汽车 * `custom-made `clothes, `shoes, etc 定做的衣物、鞋等./ˈkʌstəmərəlɪ; <i>US</i> ˌkʌstəˈmerəlɪ; `kʌstəmˌɛrəlɪ/ adv./ˈkʌstəmərɪ; <i>US</i> -merɪ; `kʌstəmˌɛrɪ/ adj according to custom; usual 合乎习俗的; 依照习俗的; 习惯上的: Is it customary to tip waiters in your country? 在贵国依照惯例是否应该付给服务员小费? * She gave the customary speech of thanks to the chairman. 她照例向主席致感谢辞. /ˈkʌstəmə(r); `kʌstəmɚ/ n  1 person who buys sth from a tradesman, shop, etc 顾客; 主顾: one of the shop's best customers 该店最好的顾客之一.  2 (infml 口) (preceded by an adj 用于形容词之後) person 人; 家伙: a queer, awkward, rum, tough, etc customer 古怪的、难对付的、不好惹的、倔头倔脑的...家伙 * an ugly customer 面目可憎的家伙 * a cool customer, eg one who remains calm in a crisis 冷汉子（如临危镇静的人）.=> customizev [Tn] make or alter (esp a car) according to the buyer's or owner's wishes 按顾主或物主的意思制造或改制（尤指汽车）./ˈkʌstəmz; `kʌstəmz/ n [pl]  1 taxes payable to the Government on goods imported from other countries; import duties 进口税; 关税: pay customs on sth 为某物缴纳进口税.  2 (also the Customs) government department that collects these taxes 海关: The Customs have found heroin hidden in freight. 海关查出了隐藏在货物中的海洛因. * How long does it take to get through customs?  ie have one's baggage examined by customs officers at a port, airport, etc 海关检查要用多少时间? * [attrib 作定语] a customs officer, search, check 海关官员、检查、查验 * customs duty, formalities, etc 海关税、手续等. Cf 参看 excise1.office, esp at a port, where customs duties are collected （尤指港口的）海关.agreement between states on what customs duties are to be paid on each other's goods 关税联盟（国与国之间就双方货物的徵税问题缔结的协定）./kʌt; kʌt/ v (-tt-; pt, pp cut)  1 [Ipr, Tn] make an opening, slit or wound in (sth) with a sharp-edged tool,(eg a knife or a pair of scissors) 切; 割; 剪; 砍: You need a powerful saw to cut through metal. 切割金属需用强劲的锯. * He cut himself/his face shaving. 他刮胡须时割破了脸. * She cut her finger on a piece of broken glass. 她被一块碎玻璃划伤了手指. * cut sb's throat, ie kill sb with a deep wound in the throat 割断某人咽喉.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (for sb) remove sth (from sth larger) using a knife, etc （用刀等自较大物体上）切下、割下、剪下或砍下某物: cut some flowers 剪下一些花朵 * How many slices of bread shall I cut (ie from the loaf) ? 我该切多少片面包? * She cut a slice of beef from the joint. 她从大块的牛肉上切下一片来. * Please cut me a piece of cake/cut a piece of cake for me. 请给我切块蛋糕. * Cut yourself some pineapple. 你自己切点菠萝吃吧. * Cut some pineapple for your sister. 给你姐姐切几片菠萝吧. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (in/into sth) divide sth (into smaller pieces) with a knife, etc （用刀等）把某物切割成小块: Will you cut the cake? 请你切蛋糕好吗? * If you cut the bread (ie into slices) we'll make some toast. 你要是把面包切成片, 我们就烤点儿面包片. * She cut the meat into cubes. 她把肉切成小块儿. * cut apples into halves, thirds, quarters, etc 把苹果切成两半、三瓣、四瓣等 * The bus was cut in half/in two by the train. 公共汽车被火车撞成两截. (c) [Tn] separate (sth) into two pieces; divide （把某物）一分为二; 分割: cut a rope, cable, thread, etc 割断绳子、缆索、线等 * Don't cut the string, untie the knots. 别剪断绳子, 把结解开. * The Minister cut the tape to open a new section of the motorway. 部长为一段新高速公路的竣工剪彩. (d) [Tn, Cn.a] shorten (sth) by cutting; trim 剪短（某物）; 修剪: cut one's hair, one's nails, a hedge 剪头发、指甲、树篱 * cut (ie mow) the grass 刈草 * He has had his hair cut (short). 他理发了. (e) [Tn, Tn.pr] make or form (sth) by removing material with a cutting tool 切成, 剪成, 挖成, 刻成（某物）: cut a diamond 雕琢 钻石 * The climbers cut steps in the ice. 登山者在冰上凿出踏脚处. * cut a hole in a piece of paper 在纸上挖个洞 * cut one's initials on a tree 在树上刻自己姓名的首字母. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 [I] (a) be capable of being cut 可被切、剪等: Sandstone cuts easily. 砂岩容易切割. (b) be capable of cutting 可用以切、剪等: This knife won't cut. 这把刀不快.  4 [Tn] cause physical or mental pain to (sb) 使（某人）感到疼痛或痛苦: His cruel remarks cut her deeply. 他那些无情的话伤透了她的心.  5 [Tn] harvest (a crop) 收割（庄稼）: The wheat has been cut. 小麦已经收割.  6 [Tn] (of a line) cross (another line) （指直线）（与另一直线）相交: Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E. * The line cuts the circle at two points. 一直线与圆相交于两点.  7 [I, Tn] lift and turn up part of (a pack of playing-cards) in order to decide who is to deal, play first, etc 切牌（从一副纸牌中拿起一部分翻转过来以决定由谁发牌、谁先出牌等）: Let's cut for dealer. 咱们切牌决定由谁发牌吧. * cut the cards/pack 切牌.  8 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] reduce (sth) by removing a part of it 削减（某事物）: cut prices, taxes, spending, production 削价、减税、紧缩开支、减少产量 * His salary has been cut (by ten per cent). 他的薪水减少了（百分之十）. * The new bus service cuts the travelling time by half. 新的公共汽车交通服务使运行时间减少了一半. * Could you cut your essay from 10000 to 5000 words? 请把你的那篇文章从10000字删减到5000字行吗? (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) remove sth (from sth); leave out or omit sth 删除, 删节（某物）: Two scenes were cut by the censor. 有两个镜头被审查员剪掉了. (c) [Tn] (infml 口) stop (sth) 停止（某事）: Cut the chatter and get on with your work! 别唠唠叨叨了, 继续工作吧!  9 (a) [Tn] prepare (a film or tape) by removing or rearranging parts of it; edit 剪辑（影片或磁带）; 编辑. (b) [I] (usu imperative 通常用于祈使句) stop filming or recording 停止拍片或录音、录像: The director shouted `Cut!' 导演喊了一声　停!　 (c) [Ipr] ~ (from sth) to sth (in films, radio or television) move quickly from one scene to another （电影、电视）转换画面; （无线电）瞬间转换: The scene cuts from the shop to the street. 镜头从商店转换到街道.  10 [Tn] switch off (a light, car engine, etc) 关上（电灯、汽车发动机等）.  11 [Tn] (infml 口) stay away from (sth) deliberately; not attend 不出席; 不到场: cut a class, lecture, tutorial, etc 旷课、不听讲座、不上辅导课.  12 [Tn] (infml 口) refuse to recognize (sb) 不认, 不理睬（某人）: She cut me (dead) in the street the other day. 几天前她在街上竟把我视若路人.  13 [I, Tn] (in cricket) hit (the ball) in the direction one is facing with the bat held horizontally （板球）切击（横握球板向正面方向击球）: He cut the ball to the boundary. 他把球切击到边线.  14 [Tn] have (a new tooth) beginning to appear through the gum 开始长（新牙）.  15 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (esp US) make sth less pure; dilute or weaken sth 往某物中搀入杂质; 将某物冲淡或稀释: cut whisky with water 往威士忌酒里搀些水.  16 [Tn] record music on (a gramophone record) 灌制（唱片）: The Beatles cut their first disc in 1962. 披头士乐队于1962年灌了第一张唱片.  17 (idm 习语) cut and `run (sl 俚) make a quick or sudden escape 急忙逃走. (For other idioms containing cut, see entries for the ns, adjs, etc 与cut搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容语等的词条, 如 cut corners => corner; cut it/things fine => fine3. )  18 (phr v) cut across sth not correspond to (the usual divisions between groups) 与（通常的分类）不符: Opinion on this issue cuts across traditional political boundaries. 人们对这问题的看法, 超越了他们沿袭至今的政治界线. cut across, along, through, etc (sth) go across, etc (sth), esp in order to shorten one's route 穿过（某地）（尤指抄近路）: I usually cut across/through the park on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cut, saw, chop, hack, slash and tear. 试比较cut、saw、chop、hack、slash、tear这几个词. Notice that they are used with a variety of prepositions and particles. 注意这些词总是与各类介词及小品词连用. Cut has the widest use and indicates making an opening in something or removing a part of something with a (usually) sharp instrument or object *cut使用最广, 意为用（通常指）利器破开某物或除去某物之一部分: She cut her finger on some broken glass. 她被碎玻璃划破了手指. *  He cut the advertisement out of the newspaper. 他把那广告从报纸上剪了下来. We saw wood by cutting it with a saw and chop it by cutting it with an axe 用锯锯木头为saw, 用斧子劈木头为chop: We can saw off any dead branches and chop them for firewood. 我们可以把枯枝锯掉劈成柴. Hack suggests hitting something with violent cutting blows, usually in order to destroy or remove it completely *hack指劈或砍某物, 通常旨在将其彻底毁坏或清除: The explorers hacked (away) at the undergrowth to make a path. 勘探人员披荆斩棘开辟道路. *  Developers have destroyed the landscape by hacking down all the trees. 土地开发商把树都砍掉了, 破坏了风景. Slash indicates damaging or injuring somebody or something with long swinging cuts of a knife or sword *slash指挥动刀剑猛砍或猛劈某人或某物: The football hooligans had slashed some of the seats in the train. 足球迷中的流氓用刀砍坏了列车上的一些座位. We tear things by pulling them apart with our hands 用手把东西扯破为tear: Can I tear this article out of the newspaper? 我可以把这篇文章从报纸上撕下来吗? *  She tore up his letter in anger. 她愤怒地撕毁了他的信.

/kʌt; kʌt/ n  1 wound or opening made with a knife, pair of scissors, etc （刀、剪刀等留下的）伤口, 破口: a deep cut in the leg 腿上很深的伤口 * cuts on the face 脸上的伤口 * make a cut in sth 在某物上划一刀 * a cut in the edge of the cloth 在布的边沿上剪的一道口子.  2 (a) act of cutting 切; 割; 剪; 砍: Your hair could do with a cut, ie is too long. 你该理发了. (b) stroke made with a knife, sword, whip, etc （刀、剑、鞭子等的）抡, 挥, 削, 砍, 击, 抽: a cut across the hand 手上挨的一鞭子.  3 ~ (in sth) reduction in size, length, amount, etc （体积、长度、数量等的）减小, 减短, 减少: a cut in expenditure, prices, production 费用、价格、产量的降低 * He had to take a cut in (his) salary. 他不得不接受减薪. * tax cuts 减税 * a power cut, ie temporary reduction or stoppage of an electric current 电力不足（电力暂时性的减弱或断电）.  4 ~ (in sth) act of removing part of a play, film, book, etc （戏剧、影片、书等的）删节, 删剪: There are several cuts in the film, ie parts that have been cut out by the censor. 影片中有几处给剪掉了. * Where can we make a cut in this long article? 这篇长文在什么地方可以删掉一些?  5 piece of meat cut from the carcass of an animal （从屠宰後动物躯体上）切下的肉块: a lean cut of pork 一块瘦猪肉 * a cut off the joint, ie a slice from a cooked joint of meat 从一大块熟肉上切下的一片.  6 style in which a garment is made by cutting （服装剪裁的）式样, 款式: I don't like the cut of his new suit. 我不喜欢他那套新衣服的式样.  7 (in cricket) stroke played in the direction one is facing with the bat held horizontally （板球中的）切球: a cut to the boundary 切至边线的一击.  8 remark, etc that hurts sb's feelings 伤人感情的言语等: What she said was a cut at (ie was directed at) me. 她的话是冲着我来的.  9 (infml 口) share of the profits from sth （从利润中分得的）份额: Your cut will be 200. 你的一份是200英镑.  10 (idm 习语) a cut above sb/sth (infml 口) rather better than sb/sth 略优于某人[某事物]: Her work is a cut above that of the others. 她干的工作比别人要好些. * She's a cut above the rest (of her colleagues). 她比其他（共事的）人略胜一筹. cut and `thrust (of sth) lively argument; attack and counter-attack 激烈的争论; 交锋: the cut and thrust of parliamentary debate 议会辩论中的唇枪舌剑. the cut of sb's `jib (dated 旧) person's appearance, manner or style 人的外貌、姿态或风度: I must say I didn't like the cut of his jib. 说实在的, 我不喜欢他那个样子. a short cut => short1.try to sever, open or wound sb/sth with a knife, etc 试图用刀等截断、破开或伤害某人[某事物]: His attacker cut at him with a razor. 袭击者用剃刀去割他. * She cut at the rope in an attempt to free herself. 她割绳索以求脱身.glass with patterns cut in it 雕花玻璃: [attrib 作定语] a ,cut-glass `vase 雕花玻璃的花瓶.(of a vehicle or driver) move suddenly in front of another vehicle, leaving little space between the two vehicles （指车辆或司机）超车抢道: The lorry overtook me and then cut in (on me). 那辆卡车超越我的车後, 突然插入我前方的位置. cut in (on sb/sth); cut into sth interrupt sb/sth 打断、打搅某人[某事物]: She kept cutting in on/cutting into our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴. cut sb in (on sth) (infml 口) give sb a share of the profit (in a business or an activity) 让某人分享利润: cut sb in on a deal 让某人入伙做生意.stop functioning 不再起作用: One of the aircraft's engines cut out. 飞机的一个发动机失灵了. cut sth out (a) make sth by cutting 切成、剪成、砍出或开辟出某事物: cut out a path through the jungle 在丛林中开辟出一条小路 * (fig 比喻) He's cut out a niche (ie found a suitable job) for himself in politics. 他已跻身于政界. (b) cut the shapes of different parts of (a garment) from a piece of material 裁剪（衣服）: cut out a dress 裁剪一件连衣裙. (c) (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) stop doing or saying (sth annoying) 不再做（恼人的事）; 不再说（恼人的话）: I'm sick of you two squabbling  just cut it out! 你们两个吵来吵去真烦人--快打住吧! (d) (infml 口) leave sth out; omit sth 去掉或省略某事物: You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删掉不重要的细节. (e) (infml 口) stop doing, using or consuming sth 停止做某事; 停止使用或消耗某物: cut out sweets in order to lose weight 为了减轻体重而戒食糖果. cut sth out (of sth) (a) remove sth (from sth larger) by cutting 切去, 剪下或砍掉某物: cut an article out of the newspaper 把报上的一篇文章剪下来. be cut out for sth; be cut out to be sth (infml 口) have the qualities and abilities needed for sth; (of two people) be well matched 有（做）某事所需要的素质和才能; （指两人）相当, 相配: He's not cut out for teaching/to be a teacher. 他不是当教师的材料. * Sally and Michael seem to be cut out for each other. 萨莉和迈克尔看起来很相配.(fml 文) (a) kill or injure sb by striking him with a sword or some other sharp weapon （用刀剑等锐利武器）杀死或杀伤某人. (b) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) kill sb 杀死某人; 夺去某人生命: He was cut down by pneumonia at an early age. 他年纪轻轻的就被肺炎夺去了生命. cut sth down (a) cause sth to fall down by cutting it at the base （自基础部分）砍倒: cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树. (b) reduce the length of sth; shorten sth 缩短某物; 删减某物: cut down a pair of trousers 把裤子改短 * Your article's too long -- please cut it down to 1000 words. 你的文章太长--请把它删减到1000字. cut sth down; cut down (on sth) reduce the amount or quantity of sth; consume, use or buy less (of sth) 减少某事物的数额或数量; 减少消耗, 少用或少买（某物）: cut down one's expenses 减少开支 * The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat. 医生建议他减少脂肪的摄取量. * I won't have a cigarette, thanks -- I'm trying to cut down (on them), ie smoke fewer. 谢谢, 我不抽烟--我正在尽量少抽. cut sb down (to sth) persuade sb to reduce a price 说服某人降低价格: He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down to ￡350. 这辆汽车他要价400英镑, 但是我们把价杀到350英镑.(a) (often passive 常用于被动语态) interrupt sb speaking on the telephone by breaking the connection 切断电话线路使某人通话中断: We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. 我们正交谈时, 线路被切断了. * `Operator, I've just been cut off.' ｀话务员, 线路断了.＇ (b) leave sb nothing in one's will; disinherit sb 剥夺某人的继承权: He cut his son off without a penny. 他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权. (c) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) cause sb to die sooner than is normal 夭折: a young man cut off in his prime 英年早逝的年轻人. cut sb/sth off (often passive 常用于被动语态) stop the supply of sth to sb 停止向某人供应某物: If you don't pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. 你若不立即付清煤气费, 就要停止向你供气. * Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了. * Her father cut off (ie stopped paying) her allowance. 她父亲不再给她零用钱了. cut sth off block or obstruct sth 阻碍或阻断某事物: cut off the enemy's retreat 切断敌人的退路 * cut off an escape route 堵住逃跑的道路 * The fence cuts off our view of the sea. 篱笆挡住了我们观望大海的视线. cut sth off (sth) remove sth (from sth larger) by cutting 切下; 割下; 剪下; 砍下: Mind you don't cut your fingers off! 小心别切断了手指头! * King Charles I had his head cut off. 英王查理一世遭斩首. * He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那卷布上剪下一米. * The winner cut ten seconds off (eg ran the distance ten seconds quicker than) the world record. 获胜者比世界记录快十秒. cut sb/sth off (from sb/sth) (often passive 常用于被动语态) prevent sb/sth from leaving or reaching a place or communicating with people outside a place 切断某人[某事物]的去路或来路; 使某人[某事物]与外界隔绝: an army cut off from its base 与基地失去联络的军队 * The children were cut off (eg stranded on a rock) by the incoming tide. 涨潮把孩子们困住了（如困在岩石上）. * The village was cut off (from the outside world) by heavy snow for a month. 村庄被大雪封住（而不能与外界联系）达一个月. * She feels very cut off (ie isolated) living in the country. 她生活在乡间感到很闭塞.(a) (infml 口) injure sb with cuts and bruises 割伤, 挫伤某人: He was badly cut up in the fight. 他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤. (b) destroy sb 毁掉某人: cut up the enemy's forces 摧毁敌军. (c) (infml 口) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) cause sb to be emotionally upset 使某人伤心: He was badly cut up by the death of his son. 他因儿子死了极为悲伤. cut sth up divide sth into small pieces with a knife, etc 用刀等把某物分成小块; 切碎; 剪碎: cut up vegetables 把蔬菜切碎.remove sb/sth from a larger object by cutting 将某人[某物]从一较大物体中分出: cut a branch from a tree 砍下树枝 * The injured driver was cut from the wreckage of his car. 把汽车残骸破开才救出了受伤的司机.remove sth (from sth) by cutting （自某物上）切除, 剪去, 破掉某物: They cut away all the dead branches from the tree. 他们把树上的枯枝通通砍掉了.shorten (a bush, shrub, etc) by cutting off shoots and branches close to the stem; prune sth 修剪（矮树、灌木等）; 给某树剪枝: cut back a rose bush 给玫瑰树剪枝. cut sth back; cut back (on sth) reduce sth considerably 大量削减某事物: If we don't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back (on) production. 我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量. Cf 参看 cut-back.open sth by cutting 切开或破开某物: She fell and cut her head open, ie suffered a deep wound to the head. 她摔倒了, 撞破了脑袋.sth make a path or passage through sth by cutting 开出一条路: The prisoners cut their way through the barbed wire and escaped. 囚犯们从铁丝网中开出一条路逃跑了.n reduction 减少: cut-backs in public spending 削减公共费用.n  1 point at which sth is ended; limit 截止点; 界限: [attrib 作定语] reach the cut-off point 达到截止点.  2 device for stopping a flow of water, electricity, etc （水流、电流等的）截断装置, 断流器.n  1 shape (to be) cut out of paper or cardboard 用纸或硬纸板剪的图形: a cardboard cut-out 硬纸板剪的图样.  2 device that switches off or breaks an electric circuit 断流器, 保险装置（用以切断电路）.adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) sold at a reduced price 减价出售的: ,cut-price `goods 削价商品 * I bought it cut-price. 我买的是廉价货. (b) selling goods at reduced prices 卖削价商品的: a ,cut-price `store 卖削价商品的商店.n drawing or model of a house, machine, etc with the front part absent to show what is inside （房屋、机器等的）剖面图, 剖面模型: [attrib 作定语] a cutaway model/diagram 剖面模型[图]./kjuːt; kjut/ adj (-r, -st) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义)  1 attractive; pretty and charming 有吸引力的; 漂亮的; 逗人喜爱的: Isn't she a cute baby? 她是多么逗人喜爱的婴儿啊! * unbearably cute paintings of little furry animals 那些画着毛绒绒的小动物的图画, 艳丽得俗不可耐.  2 (infml 口 esp US) sharp-witted; clever 机灵的; 聪明的: It was cute of you to spot that. 你能把那个挑出来真是精得很. * I have had enough of your cute remarks. 你那些高论我已经听腻了. * Don't be so cute! 别那么 ! adv. n [U]./ˈkjuːtɪkl; `kjutɪkl/ n skin at the base of a finger-nail or toe-nail （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮. =>illus at hand 见hand之插图./ˈkʌtləs; `kʌtləs/ n short sword with a slightly curved blade, used formerly by sailors （刀身略弯的）短刀（旧时水手用的）. =>illus at sword 见 sword 之插图./ˈkʌtlə(r); `kʌtlɚ/ n person who makes, sells or repairs knives and other cutting tools （制造或修理刀具的）刀匠, 卖刀人, 刀剪商./ˈkʌtlərɪ; `kʌtlərɪ/ n [U] knives, forks and spoons used for eating and serving food （刀、叉、匙等）餐具: [attrib 作定语] a cutlery box, set, etc 餐具盒、一套餐具./ˈkʌtlɪt; `kʌtlɪt/ n  1 thick slice of meat or fish typically cooked by frying or grilling 厚肉片, 厚鱼片（尤指经过煎炸或炙烤的）: a lamb, veal, salmon, etc cutlet 羊肉、牛肉、鲑鱼...片.  2 minced meat or other food shaped to look like a cutlet （肉末或其他食物做成像肉片的）薄饼: a nut cutlet 坚果饼./ˈkʌtpɜːs; `kʌtˌpɝs/ n (arch 古) pickpocket 扒手./ˈkʌtə(r); `kʌtɚ/ n  1 (a) person or thing that cuts 切割者; 切削工人; 裁剪者; 切割工具; 裁剪工具: a tailor's `cutter, ie who cuts out cloth 成衣店的剪裁师 * a ci`gar cutter, ie a small tool for cutting the end off cigars 雪茄切头器（用以切开雪茄烟前端者）. (b) cutters [pl] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) cutting tool 切割工具: `wire-cutters * `bolt-cutters.  2 (a) sailing-boat with one mast 独桅帆船. (b) ship's boat, used for trips between ship and shore （附属于大船, 用以穿行于大船和海岸之间的）小艇./ˈkʌtθrəʊt; `kʌtˌθrot/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] ruthless; intense 凶残的; 极度的; 剧烈的: cutthroat competition, business practices 你死我活的竞争、残酷无情的商业手段.razor consisting of a long blade attached to a handle （有手柄而刀身长的）剃刀, 刮脸刀./ˈkʌtɪŋ; `kʌtɪŋ/ n  1 (US clipping) article, story, etc cut from a newspaper, etc and kept for reference 剪报; 剪辑资料.  2 piece cut off a plant to be used to grow a new plant 插枝, 插条（从植物上截取供扦插的枝条）: chrysanthemum cuttings 菊花插枝 * take a cutting (from a rose) （从玫瑰树上）剪枝以供扦插.  3 (also cut) unroofed passage dug through high ground for a road, railway or canal （在高地上挖的）路基或河床.

/ˈkʌtɪŋ; `kʌtɪŋ/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (of wind) sharply and unpleasantly cold （指风）严寒的, 刺骨的.  2 hurtful; sarcastic 刺人的; 挖苦人的: cutting remarks, criticism, etc 尖酸刻薄的言语、批评等.n room where film is edited （影片的）剪辑室.adv in a cutting2(2) way 刺人地; 挖苦地: ...she said cuttingly ...她冷言冷语地说./ˈkʌtlfɪʃ; `kʌtlˌfɪʃ/ n sea animal with ten arms(tentacles), which sends out black fluid when threatened 乌贼; 墨鱼./ˈkʌtwɜːm; `kʌtˌwɝm/ n any of various types of caterpillar that eat the stems of young plants near the ground 切根虫, 地老虎（夜蛾的幼虫）./ˌsiː ˈviː; ˌsi `vi/ abbr 缩写 = record of a person's education and employment (Latin curriculum vitae) 履历（源自拉丁文curriculum vitae）./kuːm, kʊm; kum/ n rounded valley or hollow on a mountain 圆形的山谷或山上的大圆坑.abbr 缩写 = (pl cwts) hundredweight (Latin centum + English weight) 英担（源自拉丁文centum +英文weight）: a  cwt sack of potatoes 一袋半英担装的土豆./ˈsaɪənaɪd; `saɪəˌnaɪd/ n [U] highly poisonous chemical compound 氰化物.adj./ˌsaɪbəˈnetɪks; ˌsaɪbɚ`nɛtɪks/ n [sing v] science of communication and control, esp concerned with comparing human and animal brains with machines and electronic devices 控制论（对信息传递和控制的研究, 尤涉及人及动物大脑与机器及电子装置的差异）. /ˈsaɪkləmeɪt, ˈsɪk-; `saɪkləˌmet/ n chemical compound used as an artificial sweetener 环己氨基磺酸盐（一种化合物, 用作人工增甜剂）./ˈsɪkləmən; `sɪkləmən/ n any of several types of plant with pink, purple or white flowers that have backward-turning petals 仙客来（植物名, 花呈粉红色、紫色或白色, 花瓣向後翻）./ˈsaɪkl; `saɪkl/ n  1 series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order 循环; 周期: the cycle of the seasons 四季的循环 * the cycle of economic booms and slumps 经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化.  2 complete set or series, eg of songs or poems 整套, 整个系列（如组歌或组诗）: a Schubert song cycle 舒伯特的组歌.  3 (infml 口) bicycle, motor cycle, etc 自行车、摩托车等: [attrib 作定语] a cycle shop, race 自行车商店、比赛. Cf 参看 bike.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ride a bicycle 骑自行车: go cycling 去骑自行车 * He cycles to work every day. 他每天骑自行车上班. * She cycled along (the street). 她（沿着街道）骑着自行车.

/ˈsaɪkl; `saɪkl/ n  1 series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order 循环; 周期: the cycle of the seasons 四季的循环 * the cycle of economic booms and slumps 经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化.  2 complete set or series, eg of songs or poems 整套, 整个系列（如组歌或组诗）: a Schubert song cycle 舒伯特的组歌.  3 (infml 口) bicycle, motor cycle, etc 自行车、摩托车等: [attrib 作定语] a cycle shop, race 自行车商店、比赛. Cf 参看 bike.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ride a bicycle 骑自行车: go cycling 去骑自行车 * He cycles to work every day. 他每天骑自行车上班. * She cycled along (the street). 她（沿着街道）骑着自行车./ˈsaɪklɪk; `saɪklɪk/ (also cyclical/ 5saIklIkl;`saIklIkl/) adj recurring in cycles; regularly repeated 循环的; 有规律地重复的: the cyclical nature of economic activity 经济活动的周期性质. adv./ˈsaɪklɪst; `saɪklɪst/ n person who rides a bicycle 骑自行车的人./ˈsaɪkləʊn; `saɪklon/ n  1 system of winds turning round a calm area of low pressure 气旋.  2 violent destructive wind-storm 暴风. Cf 参看 hurricane, typhoon./saɪˈklɒnɪk; saɪ`klɑnɪk/ adj of or like a cyclone （似）气旋的; （似）暴风的./saɪˈkləʊpɪən; ˌsaɪklo`piən/ adj  1 of or like a Cyclops (/ 5saIklCps; `saIklBps/), a one-eyed giant in Greek myth （希腊神话独眼巨人）库克罗普斯的; （似）独眼巨人的.  2 (rhet 修辞) huge; immense 巨大的; 庞大的./ˈsaɪkləstaɪl; `saɪkləˌstaɪl/ n machine for printing copies from a stencil, used esp before the introduction of photocopiers 油印机.

v [Tn] produce (copies) with this 油印（材料）: some cyclostyled copies of his speech 他的讲话的几份油印材料./ˈsaɪklətrɒn; `saɪkləˌtrɑn/ n device for making atomic particles move at a very high speed, used for experiments in nuclear research 螺旋加速器.= cider./ˈsɪgnɪt; `sɪˇnɪt/ n young swan 幼天鹅./ˈsɪlɪndə(r); `sɪlɪndɚ/ n  1 (a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛.  2 cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图.  3 (idm 习语) working/firing on all `cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完.part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组.removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖./sɪˈlɪndrɪkl; sɪ`lɪndrɪkl/ adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的./ˈsɪmbl; `sɪmbl/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of a pair of round brass plates struck together or hit with a stick to produce a clanging sound 钹. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi./ˈsɪnɪk; `sɪnɪk/ n  1 person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage 愤世嫉俗者.  2 Cynic member of a school of ancient Greek philosophy that despised ease and comfort （古希腊哲学）犬儒学派的成员./ˈsɪnɪkl; `sɪnɪkəl/ adj  1 of or like a cynic 愤世嫉俗的: a cynical remark, attitude, smile 愤世嫉俗的话语、态度、微笑 * They've grown rather cynical about democracy, ie no longer believe that it is an honest system. 他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔.  2 contemptuously selfish and concerned only with one's own interests 自私得为人所不齿的; 心中只有自己的: a cynical disregard for others' safety 只顾自己不顾他人安危的可耻行为 * The footballer brought down his opponent with a cynical foul. 那个足球队员恶意犯规把对方绊倒了. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈsɪnɪsɪzəm; `sɪnəsɪzəm/ n [U] cynical attitude 愤世嫉俗的态度./ˈsɪnəzjʊə(r); <i>US</i> ˈsaɪnəʃʊər; `saɪnəˌʃᴜr/ n (fml 文) person or thing that attracts everybody's attention or admiration; centre of attraction 众人所瞩目的或所倾慕的人或事物; 注意力所集中的地方: She was the cynosure of all eyes, ie Everyone looked at her. 她是众目所瞩的人.= cipher./ˈsaɪprəs; `saɪprəs/ n type of tall thin cone-bearing evergreen tree with dark leaves and hard wood 柏树. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i./sɪˈrɪlɪk; sɪ`rɪlɪk/ adj of the alphabet used for Slavonic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian 西里尔字母（斯拉夫语言中, 如俄语和保加利亚语所用的字母）: a Cyrillic letter, text, etc 西里尔字母、文献等. Cf 参看 the Roman alphabet (Roman)./sɪst; sɪst/ n hollow organ, bladder, etc in the body, containing liquid matter 胞囊; 胞; 囊: an ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿./sɪˈstaɪtɪs; sɪs`taɪtɪs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the bladder 膀胱炎.= tsar.= tsarina (tsar)./tʃek; tʃɛk/ n  1 [C] (a) native of the Czech Republic, formerly Bohemia 捷克人; 波希米亚人. (b) = Czechoslovak.  2 [U] (formerly 旧时) language of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克语.

adj  1 of the Czech Republic or Bohemia 捷克的; 波希米亚的.  2 = Czechoslovak./ˌtʃekəˈsləʊvæk; ˌtʃɛkə`slovæk/ (also Czechoslovakian / 9tFekEslE5vAkIEn; 9tFZkEslo`vAkIEn/)n, adj (formerly 旧时) (native) of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克的; 捷克斯洛伐克人./diː; di/ n (pl D's, d's / di:z; diz/)  1 the fourth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第四个字母: `David' begins and ends with a `D'/D. David一字的开头和结尾都是D.  2 D (music 音) the second note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第二音或音符.  3 D academic mark indicating a low standard of work 学业成绩为低等的评价符号.

abbr 缩写 = (US politics 政) Democrat; Democratic. Cf 参看 R 3.=> D

abbr 缩写 =  1 (in former British currency 英国旧币) penny; pennies or pence (Latin denarius; denarii) 便士（源自拉丁文denarius; denarii）: a 2d stamp 一张2便士的邮票 * 6d each 每个6便士. Cf 参看 p 2.  2 died: Emily Jane Clifton d 1865 埃米莉·简·克利夫顿, 1865年卒. Cf 参看 b.symb 符号 Roman numeral for 500  罗马数字的500. Cf 参看 D-day./ˈdiː deɪ; `diˌde/ n  1 day (6 June 1944) on which the Allied forces landed in N France during the Second World War 第二次世界大战盟军在法国北部的登陆日（1944年6月6日）.  2 date on which something important is due to happen 重大事件将要发生的日期: As D-day approached we still weren't ready to move house. 日子快到了, 我们还没准备好搬家.abbr 缩写 =  1 deposit account.  2 (US) District Attorney./dæb; dæb/ v (-bb-)  1 [Tn] press (sth) lightly and gently 轻触, 轻压（某物）: She dabbed her eyes (with a tissue). 她（用纸巾）轻轻地按了按眼睛.  2 [Ipr] ~ at sth lightly touch sth by pressing but not rubbing 轻触某物（但不揉擦）: She dabbed at the cut with cotton wool. 她用药棉轻轻地按了按伤口.  3 (phr v) dab sth on/off (sth) apply/remove (sth) with light quick strokes 轻而快地搽、涂[去掉]（某物）: dab paint on a picture 在画上轻轻点上颜色 * dab off the excess water 轻轻地按, 吸掉多余的水.

n  1 [C] (a) small quantity (of paint, etc) put on a surface （涂上的）少量（颜色等）. (b) act of lightly touching or pressing sth without rubbing 轻触或轻压某物（但不揉擦）: One dab with blotting-paper and the ink was dry. 用吸墨纸轻轻按了一下, 墨水就乾了.  2 dabs [pl] (Brit sl 俚) fingerprints 指纹印.

/dæb; dæb/ n type of flat-fish 黄盖鲽（鱼）.

/dæb; dæb/ n (idm 习语) (be) a dab (hand) (at sth) (Brit infml 口) very skilled 能手; 熟手: a dab hand at golf, at rolling cigarettes 高尔夫球、卷香烟的能手./ˈdæbl; `dæbl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) splash (hands, feet, etc) around in water （用手脚等）溅水, 戏水: She dabbled her fingers in the fountain. 她用手指在喷泉中玩水.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in/at sth) take part without serious intentions 涉猎; 涉足: He just dabbles in politics. 他仅浅涉政治而已. /ˈdblə(r);`dæblɚ/ n: He's not a dedicated musician, just a dabbler. 他并不是专门的音乐家, 只不过是个业余爱好者./ˈdæbtʃɪk; `dæbtʃɪk/ n small water-bird of the grebe family （  科的）小水鸟./deɪs; des/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish 鲦鱼（一种小淡水鱼）./ˈdætʃə; `dɑtʃə/ n country house or villa in Russia （俄国的）乡间邸宅或别墅./ˈdækshʊnd; `dɑksˌhᴜnd/ n type of small dog with a long body and short legs 猎獾狗（一种身长腿短的狗）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii./ˈdækrɒn, ˈdeɪkrɒn; dækˌrɑn, `deˌkrɑn/ n [U] (US propr 专利名) = Terylene./ˈdæktɪl; `dæktɪl/ n metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables, as in the line `under the / `blossom that /`hangs on the /`bough' 扬抑抑格（即一重音节後接两个轻音的音步, 如 `under the /`blossom that /`hangs on the /`bough）. /dkˈtɪlɪk; dæk`tɪlɪk/ adj: a dactylic line/verse 扬抑抑格的诗句[诗]./dæd; dæd/ n (infml 口) father 爸爸; 爹爹./ˈdædɪ; `dædɪ/ n (used esp by and to children 尤作儿语) father 爸爸; 爹爹.n (infml 口) = crane-fly./ˈdeɪdəʊ; `dedo/ n (pl ~s; US ~es) lower part of the wall of a room, when it is different from the upperpart in colour or material 护壁板; 墙裙./ˈdiːmən; `dimən/ n  1 (esp in Greek mythology) supernatural being that is half god, half man （尤指希腊神话中的）半人半神的精灵.  2 spirit that inspires sb to action or creativity 守护神./ˈdæfədɪl; `dæfədɪl/ n yellow flower with a tall stem and long narrow leaves that grows from a bulb 水仙花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./dɑːft; <i>US</i> dæft; dæft/ adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: Don't be so daft! 别那么傻了! * He's gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. n [U]./ˈdægə(r); `dæˇɚ/ n  1 short pointed two-edged knife used as a weapon 短剑; 匕首. =>illus at knife 见 knife 之插图.  2 printer's mark () used to refer the reader to a footnote, etc 剑号（即+ , 用以指示读者参看脚注的印刷符号）.  3 (idm 习语) at daggers drawn (with sb) very hostile (towards sb) （对某人）剑拔弩张: She's at daggers drawn with her colleagues. 她与同事们水火不相容. * He and his partner are at daggers drawn. 他和伙伴势不两立. look daggers at sb look very angrily at sb 对某人怒目而视: He looked daggers at me when I told him he was lazy. 我说他懒惰, 他就狠狠地瞪了我一眼. Cf 参看 cloak-and-dagger (cloak)./ˈdeɪgəʊ; `deˇo/ n (pl ~s) (<!> sl offensive 讳, 俚, 蔑) dark-skinned foreigner, esp an Italian, a Spaniard or a Portuguese 肤色深的外国人（尤指意大利人、西班牙人或葡萄牙人）./dəˈgerətaɪp; də`ˇɛrəˌtaɪp/ n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相./ˈdeɪlɪə; <i>US</i> ˈdælɪə; `dæljə/ n garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 大丽花./ˌdɔɪl ˈeərən; `dɔɪl `ɛrən/ (also the Dail) the legislative assembly of the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国的众议院./ˈdeɪlɪ; `delɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语], adv  1 done, produced or happening every day 每日（的）: a daily routine, visit, newspaper 日常工作、日访、日报 * The machines are inspected daily. 机器每日均经检查.  2 (idm 习语) one's daily bread (a) one's daily food 每日的粮食. (b) (infml 口) one's livelihood 生计: That's how I earn my daily bread. 我是这样维持生活的. one's daily dozen (infml 口) a few routine exercises performed each day in order to keep oneself fit 每日体操.

n  1 newspaper published every weekday 日报.  2 (also daily help) (Brit infml 口) = help2 3.adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃.n [U]./ˈdeɪntɪ; `dentɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器、花边等.  2 (a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人.  3 having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物.

(usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心./ˈdækərɪ, ˈdaɪ-; `daɪkərɪ/ n (esp US) iced drink made with rum, lime juice and sugar 代基里酒（以朗姆酒、酸橙汁加糖调制的冷饮）./ˈdeərɪ; `dɛrɪ/ n  1 place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场; 奶品场: [attrib 作定语] dairy cream 奶品场制的乳脂.  2 shop where milk, butter, eggs, etc are sold （出售牛奶、黄油、鸡蛋等的）乳品店.cows kept to produce milk, not meat 乳牛.farm that produces mainly milk and butter 奶场.food made from milk, eg butter, cheese, yoghurt 乳制品（如黄油、乾酪、酸乳酪）.n woman who works in a dairy(1) 奶场女工./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) (a) dealer in milk, etc 奶品商. (b) man who works in a dairy(1) 奶场男工./ˈdeɪɪs; `deɪs/ n (pl -es / -sIz; -sIz/) raised platform, esp at one end of a room, for a speaker, etc 讲台./ˈdeɪzɪ; `dezɪ/ n  1 (a) small white flower with a yellow centre, usually growing wild 雏菊（花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. (b) any of many different types of plant with similar flowers, ie with petals that radiate from the centre like the spokes of a wheel 雏菊（植物）.  2 (idm 习语) fresh as a daisy => fresh. push up daisies => push2.small wheel used in a printer or an electric typewriter, with characters arranged around the circumference 菊花轮（印字机或电动打字机上的印字轮）. Cf 参看 golf ball (golf)./deɪl; del/ n  1 valley, esp in Northern England （尤指英格兰北部的）山谷: the Yorkshire Dales 约克郡山谷.  2 (idm 习语) up hill and down dale => hill./ˈdælɪəns; `dælɪəns/ n [U] (fml 文) frivolous behaviour, esp flirtation 轻浮的举动; （尤指）调情: to spend time in idle dalliance 浪荡地消磨时间./ˈdælɪ; `dælɪ/ v (pt, pp dallied)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) waste time 浪费时间: Come on. Don't dally! 好了, 别浪费时间了! * She dallies over her work and rarely finishes it. 她工作吊儿郎当, 很少能把工作做完.  2 (phr v) dally with sb/sth treat sb/sth frivolously 戏弄、玩弄某人[某事物]: She merely dallied with him/his affections, ie flirted with him without really caring for him. 她只是玩弄他[他的感情]. dally with sth think about (an idea, etc) but not seriously （不认真地）考虑（意见等）: dally with a proposal 马马虎虎考虑一项提议./dælˈmeɪʃn; dæl`meʃən/ n large short-haired dog, white with dark spots 达尔马提亚狗（一种短毛大狗, 毛色白, 带有黑色斑点）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii./dæm; dæm/ n  1 barrier (made of concrete, earth, etc) built across a river to hold back the water and form a reservoir, prevent flooding, etc 水坝; 水堤; 水闸.  2 reservoir formed by such a barrier 水坝围成的水库.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) build a dam across (a river, valley, etc) 建水坝于（河、谷等）.  2 (phr v) dam sth up (fig 比喻) hold back (emotions, etc) 抑制（情感等）: to dam up one's feelings 抑制住自己的感情.

/dæm; dæm/ n mother of a four-footed animal 母兽./ˈdæmɪdʒ; `dæmɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sth) loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc 损失; 损害; 损毁: The accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害. * storm damage to crops 暴风雨对农作物的损害 * damage to her reputation 对她名誉的损害.  2 damages [pl] money paid or claimed as compensation for damage(1), loss or injury 损害赔偿金: The court awarded 5000 (in) damages to the injured man. 法院判给伤者5000英镑损害赔偿费.  3 (idm 习语) what's the `damage? (Brit infml 口) what does/did sth cost? 某物要多少钱?: `I need a new coat.' `Oh yes? What's the damage?' ｀我需要件新外衣了.＇｀是吗? 要花多少钱?＇

v [Tn] cause damage to (sth) 损害; 损坏; 损毁; 损伤: damage a fence, a car, furniture, etc 损坏栅栏、汽车、家具等 * damage sb's career 损害某人的事业 * damage relations between two countries 损害两国的关系.adj ~ (to sth) having a bad effect 有害的: Smoking can be damaging to your health. 吸烟对身体有害. * to make damaging allegations 提出诋毁性的责难./ˈdæməsk; `dæməsk/ n [U]  1 silk or linen material, with designs made visible by the reflection of light 缎子; 花缎; 锦缎; 织花麻布: [attrib 作定语] a damask table-cloth 织花桌布.  2 steel with a pattern of wavy lines or with inlaid gold or silver 大马士革钢（带有波纹图案或镶有金银）.bright pink, sweet-scented type of rose 粉红色玫瑰./deɪm; dem/ n  1 (US sl 俚) woman 妇女: Gee! What a dame! 嘿! 多标致的女人!  2 Dame (Brit) (title of a) woman, who has been awarded an order1(10a) of knighthood （获有爵位的）夫人（的头衔）.  3 (also pantomime dame) elderly female comic character in pantomime, usu played by a man （童话剧中常由男性扮演的滑稽的）老太婆./dæm; dæm/ v  1 [Tn] (of God) condemn (sb) to suffer in hell （指上帝）罚（某人）入地狱受罪.  2 [Tn] criticize (sth) severely 严厉地批评（某事物）: The play was damned by the reviewers. 这出戏被评论家批评得一无是处.  3 [Tn] (also euph 委婉语作  darn) (infml 口) (esp as an interj, used to express annoyance, anger, etc 尤用作感叹词, 表示厌烦、愤怒等): Damn! I've lost my pen. 倒霉! 我钢笔丢了. * Damn this useless typewriter! 这个破打字机真该死!  4 (idm 习语) as near as damn it/dammit => near2. damn the consequences, expense, etc never mind the difficulties 不顾一切: Let's enjoy ourselves and damn the consequences. 咱们不管三七二十一, 且玩个儿痛快. (I'm) damned if... (infml 口) I certainly do, will, etc not...; I absolutely refuse to... 我决不...; 我绝对不...: I'm damned if I'm going to let her get away with that! 我决不能就这样放过她! * Damned if I know! ie I certainly don't know. 我根本就不知道! damn sb/sth with faint `praise imply criticism by not praising enough 名褒实贬. I'll be damned! (infml 口) (used as an expression of surprise 用以表示惊奇): Well I'll be damned: she won after all! 好家伙, 她居然胜了! publish and be damned => publish.

/dæm; dæm/ n (idm 习语) not be worth a damn, etc => worth. not care/give a `damn (about sb/sth) (infml 口) not care at all 毫不在乎: I don't give a damn what you say, I'm going. 不管你怎么说, 我走定了.

adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (expressing disapproval, anger, impatience, etc 表示不满、愤怒、不耐烦等): Where's that damn book? 那本该死的书在哪里? * My damn car has broken down! 我的混帐汽车坏了!

adv (infml 口)  1 (a) (expressing disapproval, anger, etc 表示不满、愤怒等) very 非常: Don't be so damn silly! 别那么傻了! * You know damn well what I mean! 你清清楚楚明白我的意思! (b) (expressing approval, etc 表示同意等) very 非常: damn good, clever, etc 非常好、聪明等 * We got out of there pretty damn fast. 我们很快就离开了那个地方.  2 (idm 习语) damn `all (infml 口) nothing at all 完全没有: I earned damn all last week. 我上星期分文没挣. * [attrib 作定语] It's damn all use you telling me that now! 你现在才告诉我, 管什么用!/ˈdæmnəbl; `dæmnəbl/ adj (a) deserving disapproval; wicked; disgraceful 可恶的; 恶劣的; 不名誉的: damnable behaviour, crimes, etc 恶劣的行为、罪行等. (b) (dated infml 旧, 口) very bad 极坏的: damnable weather 糟糕的天气. /ˈdmnəblɪ; `dæm-nəblɪ/ adv./dæmˈneɪʃn; dæm`neʃən/ n [U]  1 state of being damned 遭天罚: to suffer eternal damnation 受到永远的惩罚.  2 (dated 旧) (used as an interj to express annoyance, anger, etc 用作感叹词, 表示厌烦、愤怒等): Damnation! I've lost my umbrella. 糟糕! 我把雨伞丢了./dæmd; dæmd/ adj, adv = damn adj, damnadv 1./ˈdæmdɪst; `dæmdɪst/ (idm 习语) do/try one's `damnedest do/try one's best 尽自己最大的努力: She did her damnedest to get it done on time. 她竭尽全力按时完成了.adj very unfavourable 非常不利的: damning criticism, evidence 致命的批评、证据 * a damning remark, etc 极为不利的言语等 * She said some pretty damning things about him. 她说了他一些坏话./dæmp; dæmp/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don't sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥.  2 (idm 习语) a damp `squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴.

n [U]  1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don't stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面.  2 = fire-damp (fire1).

/dæmp; dæmp/ v  1 [Tn] = dampen 1.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) 减低（声音等）: Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可防震. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某物）减弱; 抑制: damp (down) sb's spirits, energy, ardour, etc 打击某人的情绪、干劲、热情等.  3 (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) 使某物燃烧缓慢（加入灰等或减弱气流）: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火.layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建筑材料）./ˈdæmpən; `dæmpən/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) damp 使（某物）潮湿: I always dampen shirts before ironing them. 我总是把衬衫先弄潮湿再熨.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某事物）减弱; 抑制: dampen (down) sb's spirits, enthusiasm, etc 打击某人的情绪、热情等./ˈdæmpə(r); `dæmpɚ/ n  1 movable metal plate that controls the flow of air into a fire in a stove, furnace, etc 气门; 气闸.  2 small pad that is pressed against a piano-string to stop it vibrating 制音器（终止钢琴弦震动的小毡块）.  3 (idm 习语) put a damper on sth (infml 口) cause (an event, atmosphere, etc) to be less cheerful, excited, etc 使（事情、气氛等）受到抑制, 减弱: Their argument put a bit of a damper on the party. 他们的争论使聚会颇为扫兴.adv.n [U]./ˈdæmzl; `dæmzl/ n  1 (arch 古) girl; young unmarried woman 姑娘; 闺女; 未婚少女.  2 (idm 习语) a damsel in distress (joc 谑) woman who needs help 需要帮助的女子: Most men will help a damsel in distress. 男人多愿帮助有困难的女子./ˈdæmzn; `dæmzn/ n  1 (a) type of fruit tree that produces a small dark-purple plum 西洋李子树. (b) its fruit 西洋李子: [attrib 作定语] damson jam/jelly 西洋李子酱[冻].  2 dark-purple colour 深紫色: [attrib 作定语] a damson dress 深紫色连衣裙./dɑːns; <i>US</i> dæns; dæns/ n  1 (a) [C] (series of) movements and steps in time to music 跳舞; 舞蹈; 舞步: [attrib 作定语] to learn new dance steps 学新舞步. (b) [C] type of dance （某种）舞: The rumba is a Latin-American dance. 伦巴舞是拉丁美洲的舞蹈. (c) [C] one round or turn of a dance （一个舞曲或乐曲的）舞: May I have the next dance? 下一个舞可否请你和我一起跳? (d) [C] music for a dance 舞曲: a gipsy dance played on the violin 小提琴奏的吉卜赛舞曲. (e) (also the dance) [U] dancing as an art form 舞蹈艺术: She has written a book on (the) dance. 她写了一本关于舞蹈的书.  2 [C] social gathering at which people dance 舞会: to hold a dance in the village hall 在村庄会堂举行舞会.  3 (idm 习语) lead sb a dance => lead3. a song and dance => song.

/dɑːns; <i>US</i> dæns; dæns/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move rhythmically in a series of steps, alone, with a partner or in a group, usu in time to music 跳舞: We danced to the disco music. 我们跟着迪斯科乐曲跳舞. * Would you like to dance? 请你跟我跳个舞好吗? * I danced with her all night. 我整晚都跟她共舞. (b) [Tn] perform (a certain kind of dance, ballet, etc) 跳（某种舞）: to dance a waltz, the cha-cha, etc 跳华尔兹舞、恰恰舞等.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move in a lively way, usu up and down （尤指上下）跳跃, 雀跃: leaves dancing in the wind 随风飘舞的树叶 * a boat dancing on the waves 随波漂荡的小船 * to dance for joy/with rage 高兴得[气得]直跳.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb) to dance 使（某人）跳跃: She danced the little child round the room. 她逗得小孩满屋蹦蹦跳跳. * He danced the baby (ie bounced it up and down) on his knee. 他把婴儿放在膝上颠着玩.  4 (idm 习语) dance attendance (up) on sb (fml 文) follow sb about, attending to his wishes 侍候某人, 听其差遣: She loves to have servants dance attendance (up) on her. 她喜欢仆人前呼後拥地侍候她. dance to sb's tune do as sb demands 听某人指挥.n band that plays music for dancing 为跳舞伴奏的乐团.n hall for public dances, which one pays to enter （交费入场的）舞厅, 舞场. Cf 参看 ballroom (ball2).(a) person who dances 跳舞的人: He's a good dancer. 他跳舞跳得好. (b) person who dances for payment 舞蹈演员: She's a (tap-/ballet) dancer. 她是（踢踏舞[芭蕾舞]）舞蹈演员.n [U] moving rhythmically in time to music 跳舞: `tap-dancing 跳踢踏舞 * `reggae dancing 跳雷盖舞. light shoes worn for dancing 舞鞋.n woman who dances professionally, often in a group 女舞蹈演员; 跳舞女郎. /ˈdændɪlaɪən; `dændɪˌlaɪən/ n small wild plant with a bright yellow flower and leaves with notched edges 蒲公英. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii./ˈdændə(r); `dændɚ/ n (idm 习语) get sb's/one's dander up (infml 口) make sb/become angry 使某人发怒: It really got my dander up when she began accusing me of dishonesty. 她指责我不诚实, 可真把我惹火了./ˈdændɪfaɪd; `dændɪˌfaɪd/ adj like or typical of a dandy 像花花公子的: dandified clothes 像花花公子穿的衣服./ˈdændl; `dændl/ v [Tn] move (esp a child) up and down on one's knee(s) or in one's arms （在膝上或怀里）颠动（孩子等）: He dandled the baby to make it stop crying. 他颠动着婴儿, 哄他不再哭./ˈdændrʌf; `dændrəf/ n [U] small flakes of dead skin from the scalp, usu seen in the hair; scurf 头皮屑: This shampoo will cure your dandruff. 这种洗发水可除掉头皮屑./ˈdændɪ; `dændɪ/ n man who cares too much about the smartness of his clothes and his appearance 过分注意衣着和外表的男人; 花花公子.

/ˈdændɪ; `dændɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) very good; excellent 极好的; 优秀的: all fine and dandy 非常好 * That's just dandy! 那太好了!/deɪn; den/ n native of Denmark 丹麦人./ˈdeɪndʒə(r); `dendʒɚ/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) chance of suffering damage, loss, injury, etc; risk 危险; 风险: There's a lot of danger in rock climbing. 攀登岩壁非常危险. * Danger  thin ice! 危险--薄冰! * In war, a soldier's life is full of danger. 在战争中, 士兵的生命充满了危险. * Is there any danger of fire? 有遭火灾的危险吗? * She was very ill, but is now out of danger, ie not likely to die. 她病重, 但现已脱险. * Ships out in this storm are in great danger, ie very liable to suffer damage, etc. 轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大风险. * His life was in danger. 他有生命危险.  2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that may cause damage, injury, pain, etc; hazard 可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人或物; 危害: be afraid of hidden dangers 害怕潜伏的危险 * Smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康. * That woman is a danger to society. 那个女人是社会上的危险人物.  3 (idm 习语) on the `danger list (infml 口) very ill and near to death 病危; 病入膏肓: She was on the danger list, but is much better now. 她曾一度病危, 现在好多了.extra pay for dangerous work 危险工作津贴./ˈdeɪndʒərəs; `dendʒərəs/ adj ~ (for sb/sth) likely to cause danger or be a danger 有危险的; 危险的: a dangerous bridge, journey 危险的桥梁、旅程 * The river is dangerous for swimmers. 在这条河里游泳有危险. * This machine is dangerous: the wiring is faulty. 这个机器有危险: 电线有毛病.adv: driving dangerously 危险驾驶 * dangerously ill, ie so ill that one might die 病危./ˈdæŋgl; `dæŋˇl/ v  1 (a) [I] hang or swing loosely 悬吊着或摆动不定: a bunch of keys dangling at the end of a chain 在链子一端悬吊着的一串钥匙. (b) [Tn] hold (sth) so that it swings loosely 拿着（某物）使其摆动: He dangled his watch in front of the baby. 他在婴儿面前摇晃着表.  2 (phr v) dangle sth before/in front of sb offer sth temptingly to sb 以某事物招引某人: The prospect of promotion was dangled before him. 晋升的希望在吸引着他./ˈdeɪnɪʃ; `denɪʃ/ n, adj (language) of Denmark and the Danes 丹麦的; 丹麦人的; 丹麦语（的）.type of soft white cheese with blue veins 丹麦蓝奶酪（有蓝色纹的白色软奶酪）.pastry cake containing apple, almond paste, etc, with icing, nuts, etc on top 丹麦糕饼（以苹果、杏仁糊等为馅, 上面覆有糖霜、坚果仁等）./dæŋk; dæŋk/ adj (-er, -est) unpleasantly damp and cold 阴湿的; 阴冷的: a dank cellar, cave, etc 阴湿的地窖、洞穴等. n [U]./ˈdæpə(r); `dæpɚ/ adj (approv 褒) (usu of a small person) neat and smart in appearance; nimble in movement （通常指矮小的人）整洁漂亮的, 动作敏捷的: What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!/ˈdpl; `dæpl/ v [Tn] mark (sth) with (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour 使（某物）有斑点（常为圆形）: The sun shining through the leaves dappled the ground. 阳光穿过树叶照射在地上, 现出一块块亮斑.n, adj (horse that is) grey with darker patches 灰色而有深色斑点的（马）.adj having (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour 有（常为圆形）斑点的: a dappled deer/horse 有斑点的鹿[马] * dappled shade, eg when the sun shines through leaves 斑斑的阴影（如阳光穿过树叶所形成的）./ˌdɑːbɪ ən ˈdʒəʊn; `dɑrbɪ ən `dʒon/ oldand loving married couple 恩爱的老年夫妇.(Brit) social club for old (esp married) people 老年人（尤指老年夫妇）俱乐部./deə(r); dɛr/ modal v (neg 否定式 dare not, contracted form 缩约式 daren't/ deEnt; dZrnt/; rare or fml pt 罕用或文学语言用过去式 dared/ deEd; dZrd/, neg 否定式 dared not)  1 (used esp in negative sentences and questions, after if/whether, or with hardly, never, no one, nobody 尤用于否定句及疑问句中, 在if/whether之後, 或与hardly、never、no one、nobody连用) have sufficient courage or impudence (to do sth) 敢; 敢于; 竟敢; 胆敢: I daren't ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪. * What's the matter  daren't you read what it says? 怎么了--你难道不敢把上面写的念出来吗? * I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. 我不知道他敢不敢站在大庭广众面前. * They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door! 有人在门前走过, 他们几乎不敢呼吸了! * If you ever dare call me that name again, you'll be sorry. 你胆敢再那样叫我, 你就後悔莫及了. * Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground. 没有人敢把视线离开地面.  2 (idm 习语) how `dare you, he, she, etc (used to express indignation at the actions of others 用以表示对他人举动的愤慨): How dare you suggest that I copied your notes! 你竟敢认为我抄了你的笔记! * How dare he take my bicycle without even asking! 他怎么连问都不问就敢把我的自行车骑走了! I dare say I accept (sth) as a true or possible fact 我相信; 可能: I ,dare say you `are British but you still need a passport to prove it. 我相信你是英国人, 但仍需有护照加以证明. * `I would imagine he's forgotten.' `I ,dare `say!' ｀我猜想他忘记了.＇｀很可能!＇

/deə(r); dɛr/ v  1 [Tt] have sufficient courage 敢; 敢于; 竟敢; 胆敢: I don't know how she dares wear that dress. 我不知道她怎么敢穿那件连衣裙. * I've never dared go back to look. 我再也不敢回去看一眼了. * Privatize the national parks? They'd never dare, would they? 把国家公园私营化? 他们绝对不敢, 对吗? * How did you dare to tell her? 你怎么竟敢告诉她了? * Don't (you) dare leave the room! （你）敢离开这间屋子!  2 [Tn, Dn.t] suggest to (sb) that he tries to do sth beyond his courage or ability; challenge 激（某人）做某事; 挑战: Throw it at him! I dare you! 向他投掷! 我谅你也不敢! * I dare you to tell your mother! 我谅你不敢告诉你母亲! * Somebody dared me to jump off the bridge into the river. 有人激我敢不敢从桥上跳进河里.  3 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (fml 文) take the risk of having to face (sth) 冒着（某事物）的风险: He dared his grandfather's displeasure when he left the family business. 他不顾祖父的不悦, 放下了家族的生意.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 challenge to do sth dangerous or difficult 做危险的或困难的事的胆量; 挑战: `Why did you climb onto the roof?' `It was a dare.' ｀你为什么爬到屋顶上去了?＇｀试试胆量.＇  2 (idm 习语) for a `dare because one has received a challenge 因受到激将: He only entered the competition for a dare. 他只是因为受人激将才参加竞赛./ˈdeədevl; `dɛrˌdɛvl/ n person who is foolishly bold or reckless 蛮勇的人; 冒失鬼: He's a daredevil on the racing-track. 他在跑道上十分胆大鲁莽. * [attrib 作定语] a ,daredevil `pilot 蛮干的飞行员 * Don't try any of those daredevil stunts. 不要耍那些天不怕地不怕的绝招./ˈdeərɪŋ; `dɛrɪŋ/ n [U] adventurous courage; boldness 冒险精神; 勇气; 胆量: the daring of the mountain climber 爬山者的冒险精神 * an ambitious plan of great daring, ie that is bold and new 大胆创新的计划.

adj  1 courageous 勇敢的; 英勇的: a daring person, exploit, attack 勇敢的人、英雄的业绩、勇猛的进击.  2 bold in a new or unusual way （出奇地）大胆的: a daring plan, innovation, etc 别出心裁的大胆计划、革新等 * a daring new art form 别具一格的创新艺术形式 * She said some daring (ie bold and possibly shocking) things. 她说了一些泼天大胆的话. adv./dɑːk; dɑrk/ n   1 the dark [sing] absence of light 黑暗; 无光: All the lights went out and we were left in the dark. 所有的灯都熄了, 周围一片黑暗. * Are you afraid of the dark? 你怕黑吗?  2 (idm 习语) before/after dark before/after the sun goes down 在天黑以前[以後]: Try to get home before dark. 尽量在天黑以前回家. * I'm afraid to go out after dark in the city. 在城里, 我害怕天黑後出门. (be/keep sb) in the `dark (about sth) in a state of ignorance 无知; 不知: I was in the dark about it until she told me. 这件事在她告诉我之前, 我毫不知情. * We were kept completely in the dark about his plan to sell the company. 对他计划将公司出售一事, 我们一直蒙在鼓里. a leap/shot in the `dark action, answer, etc that is risked in the hope that it is correct 盲目冒险的干、回答等: It's hard to know exactly what to do  we'll just have to take a shot in the dark. 很难说怎么办才对--我们只好瞎碰. whistle in the dark => whistle.

/dɑːk; dɑrk/ adj (-er, -est)  1 with no or very little light 黑暗的: a dark room, street, corner, etc 黑暗的房间、街道、角落等 * It's awfully dark in here: put the light on. 这里太黑了, 开灯吧. * It's too dark to play outside. 外面黑得玩儿不了.  2 (a) (of a colour) not reflecting much light; closer in shade(6) to black than to white 暗色的; 深色的: dark green, red, grey, etc 深绿色、深红色、深灰色 * a dark dress, suit, etc 深色的连衣裙、西装等 * dark-brown eyes 深棕色的眼睛. (b) having brown(ish) or black skin or hair 有棕色或黑色皮肤或毛发的: a dark youth, complexion 皮肤黝黑的青年[棕黑的肤色] * I have one fair and one dark child. 我有两个孩子, 一个头发是金色的, 一个是黑色的.  3 (fig 比喻) (a) hidden; mysterious 隐藏的; 神秘的: a dark secret/mystery 无人知道的秘密[神秘事情]. (b) difficult to understand; obscure 难理解的; 意义不明的: Your meaning is too dark for me. 你的意思我很难理解.  4 (fig 比喻) gloomy; sad 悲观的; 忧郁的; 忧愁的: dark predictions about the future 对前途悲观的预测 * You always look on the dark side of things, ie are always pessimistic. 你总是着眼于事物的黑暗面（总是悲观）.  5 evil 邪恶的; 恶毒的: dark powers/influence 罪恶的权力[影响].  6 (idm 习语) a dark `horse person who hides special personal qualities or abilities 黑马（有本事而深藏不露的人）: He's a bit of a dark horse: he was earning a fortune, but nobody knew. 他可算是藏龙卧虎: 赚大钱, 可谁也不知道. keep it/sth dark (from sb) keep sth secret 保密: I'm getting married again, but keep it dark, will you? 我要再婚了, 可要保密呀, 行吗?spectacles with tinted lenses 墨镜.n room which can be made dark, used for processing photographs （冲洗相片用的）暗室, 暗房./ˈdɑːkən; `dɑrkən/ v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become dark （使某物）变黑暗: We darkened the room to show the film. 我们把房间弄暗以放影片. * The sky darkened as the storm approached. 风雨欲来, 天色黑暗.  2 (idm 习语) darken sb's `door (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) come as an unwanted or reluctant visitor to sb's house 不受欢迎的人到访: Go! And never darken my door again! 走吧! 下次不要再到我家来了!adv (fig 比喻)  1 mysteriously 神秘地: She hinted darkly at strange events. 她神秘地暗示着事非寻常.  2 gloomily 悲观地; 忧郁地: He spoke darkly of possible future disaster. 他悲观地说将来可能大难临头.n [U] state of being dark 黑暗: The room was in complete darkness. 室内一片漆黑./ˈdɑːkɪ; `dɑrkɪ/ n (<!> infml offensive 讳, 口, 蔑) black or coloured person 黑鬼（黑人或有色人）./ˈdɑːlɪŋ; `dɑrlɪŋ/ n (a) person or thing much liked or loved 心爱的人: She's a little darling! 她是小宝贝! * He's the darling (ie favourite subject) of the media just now. 他是当前传播媒介中最红的人（最受欢迎的人）. (b) (as a form of address 作为称呼): My darling! How sweet of you to come! 亲爱的! 你来到这里多让人高兴啊!

adj [attrib 作定语]  1 dearly loved 心爱的; 可爱的.  2 (infml 口) charming; pleasing 迷人的; 使人愉快的: What a darling little room! 多么讨人喜欢的小屋子!/dɑːn; dɑrn/ v [I, Tn] mend (a garment) by passing a thread through the material in two directions 织补（衣物）: My socks have been darned again and again. 我的袜子已经补了又补. * I must darn the hole in my pocket. 我得把口袋补一补.

n place mended by darning 织补之处.

/dɑːn; dɑrn/ v [Tn] (infml euph 口, 婉) = damn1 3: Well, I'll be darned! 啊呀, 好家伙! * Darn it! She beat me again! 倒霉! 她又比我强了! * Darn those blasted kids! 这些缺德孩子真该死!adj (infml euph 口, 婉) (used to express annoyance, impatience, etc 用以表示烦恼、不耐烦等): That darn(ed) cat has eaten my supper! 这个死猫把我的晚饭吃掉了!  adv (infml euph approv or derog 口, 婉, 褒或贬) extremely; very 极端; 非常: a darn(ed) good try 好好试一下 * What a darn(ed) stupid thing to say! 这话说得多么愚蠢!n [U] task of darning; things needing to be darned 织补的工作; 需织补的东西: I hate darning. 我讨厌织补活儿. * We sat doing the darning. 我们坐着织补. `darning-needle n large sewing needle used for darning 织补用的大针./dɑːt; dɑrt/ n  1 [C] small pointed missile (often with feathers to aid flight) used as a weapon or in the game of darts 镖; 飞镖.  2 [sing] sudden fast movement 猛冲; 突进: She made a dart for the exit. 她冲向出口.  3 [C] (in dressmaking) stitched tapering fold （制衣）捏褶.  4 darts [sing v] game in which darts are thrown at a target marked with numbers for scoring 掷镖游戏: Darts is often played in English pubs. 英国酒馆里常有掷镖游戏. =>illus 见插图.

/dɑːt; dɑrt/ v [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move suddenly and quickly in the specified direction （使某物）猛冲, 突进: The mouse darted away when I approached. 我走近时, 老鼠就飞快逃跑了. * Swallows are darting through the air. 燕子在空中掠过. * She darted into the doorway to hide. 她冲到门口躲藏起来. * The snake darted out its tongue. 蛇飞快地吐着芯子. * She darted an angry look (ie suddenly glanced angrily) at him. 她狠狠地瞥了他一眼. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz.n circular board used as the target in the game of darts 掷镖游戏用的圆靶./dæʃ; dæʃ/ n  1 [sing] ~ (for sth) sudden forward movement 突进; 猛冲: to make a dash for freedom, shelter 为获自由、遮掩处而急奔 * We jumped into the car and made a dash for the ferry. 我们跳上汽车, 冲向码头. * Mother said lunch was ready and there was a mad dash for the table. 母亲说午饭做好了, 大家一下子都向饭桌奔去.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp US) short race; sprint 短跑; 短距离赛跑: the 100-metres dash 100米赛跑.  3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] a ~ (of sth) small amount of sth added or mixed 少量搀和物或混合物: a dash of salt 少许盐 * red with a dash of blue 略为发蓝的红色 * The flag adds a dash of colour to the grey building. 那面旗子装点着灰秃秃的大楼.  4 [sing] ~ (of sth) (sound of) liquid striking or being thrown against sth 冲击或溅洒液体（的声音）: the dash of waves on the rocks 波浪拍打岩石的声音 * A dash of water in his face will revive him. 向他脸上泼水能使他苏醒.  5 [C] horizontal stroke () used in writing, printing and Morse code 破折号（--）. =>App 3 见附录3.  6 [U] ability to act vigorously; energy 活力; 冲劲儿; 精力; 干劲: an officer famous for his skill and dash 以干练和干劲闻名的官员.  7 [C] (infml 口) = dashboard.  8 (idm 习语) cut a `dash be exciting and stylish (in appearance or behaviour) （外表或举止）神气, 有气派, 帅: He really cuts a dash in his smart new uniform. 他穿着漂亮的新制服真是神气十足. make a bolt/dash/run for it => bolt2.

/dæʃ; dæʃ/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move suddenly and quickly; rush 猛冲; 突进: I must dash (ie leave quickly), I'm late. 我得赶紧走了, 已经晚了. * He dashed off with the money. 他带着钱跑了. * She dashed into the shop. 她冲进商店里. * An ambulance dashed to the scene of the accident. 救护车风驰电掣赶往事故现场.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) strike forcefully （使某物）猛撞, 撞击, 碰撞: Waves dashed against the harbour wall. 波浪撞击着港口的墙基. * He dashed the glass to the ground. 他把玻璃杯狠狠摔在地上. * The boat was dashed against the rocks. 小船猛撞在礁石上. * A passing car dashed mud all over us. 一辆汽车飞驰而过, 溅了我们满身泥.  3 (idm 习语) dash (it)! (infml euph 口, 婉) (used as a milder way of saying damn 用如damn一词, 语气稍轻): Dash it! I've broken my pen. 糟了! 我把钢笔弄断了.  4 dash/shatter sb's hopes => hope.  5 (phr v) dash sth off write or draw sth quickly 匆匆地写或画某事物: She dashed off a letter to her mother. 她给母亲匆匆写了一封信.n board or panel below the windscreen of a motor vehicle, carrying various instruments and controls （机动车辆的）仪表板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.adj (a) lively and exciting 精神振奋的; 精神抖擞的: a dashing rider, officer, etc 雄赳赳的骑马人、官员等. (b) (of clothes) smart and interesting （指衣服）漂亮而有趣的, 帅: a dashing uniform, hat, etc 很帅的制服、帽子等. adv./ˈdeɪtə, also ˈdɑːtə; <i>US</i> ˈdætə; `dætə/ n (a) [U or pl] facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth 资料: Very little data is available. 现有的资料十分不足. * The data is/are still being analysed. 资料仍在分析中. (b) [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (computing 计) information prepared for or stored by a computer 数据: [attrib 作定语] data analysis, capture, retrieval 数据分析、捕捉、检索 * data protection, ie legal restrictions on access to data stored in a computer 数据保护.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are a lot of nouns in English of Latin or Greek origin. 英语名词中有很多来自拉丁语或希腊语. They often end in -us, -a, -um, -on, etc. 这些词多以-us、-a、-um、-on等结尾. The plural forms of these nouns can cause difficulty. 这些名词的复数形式可能会造成困难.  1 Some, especially scientific terms, have kept their original singular and plural forms 有些词, 特别是科学术语, 仍保留着原来的单复数形式: bacillus, bacilli *  larva, larvae *  criterion, criteria.  2 Many, especially those in general use, now only have a regular English plural form 其中很多词, 特别是常用词, 现在只有合乎英语规则的复数形式: arena, arenas *  circus, circuses *  electron, electrons.  3 Some have alternative plural forms, which are both acceptable. 有些词, 有两种复数形式, 均可使用. The Latin form is more formal 拉丁语式的复数形式较庄重: focus, focuses/foci *  formula, formulas/formulae *  spectrum, spectrums/spectra.  4 There is uncertainty with some nouns as to whether they are singular or plural 有些名词到底是单数还是复数, 难以确定: This data is correct and These data are correct are both acceptable. 数据正确（英文句中用is或are均可）. Paraphernalia (a Greek plural) is used as a singular noun *paraphernalia（希腊语复数）一字用作单数名词: All my fishing paraphernalia is in the car. 我的鱼具都在汽车里. Media (sing medium) is sometimes incorrectly used as a singular noun *media（单数为medium）一字有时误用作单数名词: The media are (NOT is) often accused of being biased. 传播媒介常遭指责, 认为有偏见（英文句中不可用is）.centre with a comprehensive file of computer data .process of collecting data for use in a computer 数据捕捉; 数据收集.n [U] performing of computer operations on data to analyze it, solve problems, etc 数据处理.n large store of computerized data, esp lists or abstracts of reports, etc 数据单元.adj./deɪt; det/ n  1 [C] (a) specific numbered day of the month, or specific year, usu given to show when sth happened or is to happen 日期; 日子; 年份: Today's date is the 23rd of June. 今天是6月23日. * `What's the date?' `The 10th.' ｀日期是几号?＇｀10号.＇ * Has the date of the meeting been fixed? 开会的日期决定了吗? *`When was the date of the Battle of Waterloo? ' `June 1815.'｀滑铁卢战役是在何时?＇｀1815年6月.＇ (b) indication written, printed or stamped (on a letter, coin, etc) of the time when it was written, made, etc （信件、硬币等）注明的日期: There's no date on this cheque. 这张支票上没有日期. * The manuscript bears the date 10 April 1937. 手稿上注着1937年4月10日. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 [U] period of time in history, eg one to which antiquities belong （古物等所属的）时代, 年代: This vase is of an earlier date (ie is older) than that one. 这个花瓶的年代比那个的早.  3 [C] (infml 口) (a) appointment to meet sb at a particular time （约好时间的）会晤: We made a date to go to the opera. 我们约好去看歌剧. (b) meeting with a person of the opposite sex （和异性的）约会: I have a date (with my girl-friend) tonight. 我今晚（和女朋友）有个约会. (c) (esp US) person with whom one has a date1(3b) （异性的）约会对象: My date is meeting me atseven. 我的对象七点钟跟我见面.  4 (idm 习语) (be/go),out of `date (a) no longer fashionable 不再流行的; 过时的: Will denim jeans ever go out of date? 粗布牛仔裤会过时吗? * [attrib 作定语] ,out-of-date `clothes, i`deas, `slang 过时的衣服、陈旧的思想、已废的俚语. (b) no longer valid 过期的; 失效的: My passport is out of date. 我的护照已经过期了. to date so far; up to now 迄今; 至今; 到目前为止: To date, we have not received any replies. 我们至今还未接到答覆. * This is the biggest donation we've had to date. 这是到目前为止我们所收到的最大一项捐赠. (be/bring sb/sth) ,up to `date (a) modern; fashionable 现代的; 时新的: She wears clothes that are right up to date. 她穿着最时新的衣服. (b) according to what is now known or required 据目前所知或所要求的: The list is up to date now that we've added the new members' names. 我们把新成员的名字已经加进去了, 这份名单是最全的了. * [attrib 作定语],up-to-date `styles, `methods, `books 最新的式样、方法、书籍.

/deɪt; det/ v  1 [Tn] write a date1(1a) on (sth) 在（某物）上写上日期: Don't forget to date your cheque. 不要忘记在支票上写上日期. * His last letter was dated 24 May. 他最後一封信的日期是5月24日.  2 [Tn] determine the age of (sth) 鉴定（某物）的年代: the method of dating rocks, fossils, tools, paintings 鉴定岩石、化石、工具、绘画的年代的方法.  3 [I, Tn] seem or make (sb/sth) seem old-fashioned 显得过时; 使（某人[某物]）显得过时: Young people's clothes date quickly nowadays. 现在年轻人的衣服转眼就过时. * Your taste in pop music really dates you. 你所喜爱的流行音乐真使你显得脱离了时代.  4 [Ipr] ~ back to/from... have existed since 自某时代存在至今: This castle dates from the 14th century, ie was built then. 这座城堡建于14世纪. * Our partnership dates back to (ie We have been partners since) 1960. 我们从1960年就合伙了.  5 [I, Tn] (infml 口 esp US) go on a date1(3b) with (sb), once or regularly （与异性）约会: They've been dating for a long time. 他们一直频频约会. * I only dated her once. 我和她只约会过一次.

/deɪt; det/ n  1 brown sweet edible fruit of a palm tree common in N Africa and S W Asia 枣.  2 (usu 通常作 `date-palm) this tree 枣树.n (a) (also international date-line) imaginary line running from north to south 180 from Greenwich, east and west of which the date differs by one day （国际）日界线（距格林威治180自北向南的一条假想线, 此线以东及以西的地区日期相差一日）. (b) line in a newspaper above an article, etc, that shows the time and place of writing 日期行（报章中一篇文字上方注明撰写时间和地点的一行文字）.n adjustable rubber stamp for printing the date on documents, etc 日期戳子.adj old-fashioned; no longer in use 旧式的; 不时兴的; 过时的: His clothes look so dated. 他的衣服早就过时了. * She uses rather dated words and phrases. 她使用的词语未免太陈旧了.adj never becoming unfashionable or dated 历久弥新的; 永不过时的./ˈdeɪtɪv; `detɪv/ n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp the person who receives sth or benefits from an action 与格（某些屈折语中的名词、代词或形容词的一种形式, 用以表示所指的人物接受某事物或从一行动中获益）.

adj of or in the dative 与格的./dɔːb; dɔb/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A on (B); ~ B (with A) put (a soft substance) on (a surface) in a rough or careless way （胡乱）涂抹: He daubed some red paint on (the canvas). 他（在油画布上）涂上了一些红颜色. * She daubed her face with thick make-up. 她面部化妆很浓. * trousers daubed (ie made dirty) with mud 沾上泥的裤子.  2 [I, Tn] (infml 口) paint (pictures) without skill or artistry 胡乱地画.

n  1 [C, U] (covering of) soft sticky material, eg clay, for walls （一层）涂料.  2 [C] badly painted picture 拙劣的画.n (derog 贬) unskilful painter 拙劣的画匠./ˈdɔːtə(r); `dɔtɚ/ n one's female child 女儿. =>App 8 见附录8./ˈdɔːtər ɪn lɔː; `dɔtərɪnˌlɔ/ n (pl ~s-in-law / 5dR:tEz In lR; `dRtLzIn9lR/) wife of one's son 儿媳妇. =>App 8 见附录8./dɔːnt; dɔnt/ v  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] discourage (sb); frighten 使（某人）气馁; 威吓: I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience. 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话, 就有些胆小.  2 (idm 习语) nothing `daunted (fml or joc 文或谑) not at all discouraged 毫无惧色; 毫不气馁: Their guide deserted them, but, nothing daunted, they pressed on into the jungle. 向导离他们而去, 但是他们毫不气馁, 仍向森林进发.adj discouraging; frightening 使人气馁的; 吓人的: The prospect of meeting the President is quite daunting. 一想到要会见总统就足以令人心悸./ˈdɔːntlɪs; `dɔntlɪs/ adj not easily discouraged or frightened 勇敢的; 无畏的: dauntless bravery 英勇绝伦. adv./ˈdɔːfɪn; `dɔfɪn/ n (formerly) title of the King of France's eldest son （旧时）法国皇太子的称号./ˈdvnpɔːt; `dævənˌpɔrt/ n  1 (Brit) writing desk with drawers and a hinged top 翻板写字台（带有抽屉, 桌面有合叶可翻开）.  2 (US) large sofa for two or three people, esp one that can be converted into a bed 长沙发（可坐两三人）; （尤指）沙发床./ˈdævɪt; `dævɪt/ n small crane1(2) on a ship, usu one of a pair, used for supporting, lowering and raising a ship's boat （轮船上的）吊艇柱, 吊艇架.(infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) the bottom of the sea 海底: Their ship was sent to Davy Jones's locker, ie was sunk. 他们的轮船去见龙王爷了（沉没了）./ˈdɔːdl; `dɔdl/ v (a) [I] be slow; waste time 缓慢; 浪费时间: Stop dawdling and hurry up: we're late. 别磨磨蹭蹭了, 快点儿吧: 咱们晚了. * She doesn't get her work done because she's always dawdling. 她没做完, 总是磨洋工. (b) (phr v) dawdle sth away waste (time) 浪费（时间）: He dawdles the hours away watching television.他把时间都荒废在看电视上了. /ˈdɔːdlə(r);`dɔdlɚ/ n./dɔːn; dɔn/ n [U, C]  1 time of day when light first appears; daybreak 黎明; 破晓; 拂晓: We must start at dawn. 我们必须天一亮就启程. * He works from dawn till dusk. 他从天亮工作到天黑. * It's almost dawn. 天差不多要亮了.  2 (fig 比喻) beginning; first signs of sth 开始; 开端; 发端: the dawn of hope, love, intelligence, civilization 希望、爱情、智力、文明的开端 * the dawn of a new age 新时代的曙光.  3 (idm 习语) the crack of dawn => crack1.

/dɔːn; dɔn/ v  1 [I] (often with it as subject 常用it作主语) begin to grow light 破晓: It was dawning as we left. 我们离开时天开始亮了. * When day dawned, we could see the damage the storm had caused. 天亮时, 我们可以看到风暴造成的灾害.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) gradually become clear to sb's mind; become evident (to sb) （某人）逐渐明白: It finally dawned (on me) that he had been lying. 最後（我）才明白他一直在撒谎. * The truth began to dawn on him. 他开始弄明白真相.sound of birds singing in the early morning 清晨的鸟啼声./deɪ; de/ n  1 (a) [U] time between sunrise and sunset 白天; 日间: He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作. * When I woke up, it was already day. 我醒来时已是白天. (b) [C] period of 24 hours 一天; 一昼夜: There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天. * I saw Tom three days ago. 我三天前见过汤姆. * I shall see Mary in a few days' time, ie a few days from now. 我几天後就能见到玛丽. * `What day of the week is it?' `It's Monday.' ｀今天星期几?＇｀今天星期一.＇ =>App 5 见附录5. (c) [C] hours of the day when one works 一天工作的时间; 工作日: I've done a good day's work. 我已做完足足一天的工作. * Have you had a hard day at the office? 你今天在办公室是否忙得不可开交? * Her working day is seven hours. 她一天工作七小时. * The employees are demanding a six-hour day and a five-day week. 雇员要求每日工作六小时, 每周工作五天.  2 days [pl] specified time; period 某段时间; 时期; 时代: in his younger days 在他的年轻时代 * I was much happier in those days, ie at that time. 我在那时期快乐得多. * in the days of Queen Victoria 在维多利亚女王时代 * in days of old/in the old days, ie in former times 昔日.  3 (idm 习语) all in a day's `work part of the normal routine 每日常规的一部分; 日常工作: Injecting animals is all in a day's work for a vet. 给动物注射是兽医的日常工作. at the end of the day => end1. break of day => break2. by day/night during daylight hours/after dark 白天; 日间[夜间; 天黑後]: The fugitives travelled by night andrested by day. 逃亡者夜行而昼伏. call it a day => call2.carry/win the `day (infml 口) be successful against sb/sth 成功; 获胜: Despite strong opposition, the ruling party carried the day. 执政党尽管遭到强烈反对, 还是获胜了. clear as day => clear1. day after `day for many days; continuously 日复一日; 多日; 连续地: Day after day she waited in vain for him to telephone her. 日复一日, 她徒劳地等待他的电话. the day after to`morrow 後天: If today is Wednesday, the day after tomorrow will be Friday. 今天要是星期三, 後天就是星期五. the day before `yesterday 前天: If today is Wednesday, the day before yesterday was Monday. 今天要是星期三, 前天就是星期一. day by `day as time goes by 一天一天地; 逐日: Day by day she learnt more about her job. 她日益了解自己的工作了. day `in, day `out every day without exception 一天接一天地; 日复一日; 每天: Day in, day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles. 她不管天气如何, 每天总是不间断地步行十英里. a day of `reckoning (fml 文) time when wrongdoers will be punished 做坏事的人得到惩罚的日子: You're enjoying yourself now, but a day of reckoning will come. 别看你现在逍遥, 将来会遭报应的. sb's/sth's days are `numbered sb/sth is soon going to die, fail, lose favour, etc 某人[某事物]即将死亡、失败、失宠等; 活不久; 寿命长不了: He has a serious illness, and his days are numbered. 他患重病, 不久人世了. * This factory is no longer profitable, so its days are numbered, ie it will soon close. 这家工厂赚不到钱了, 很快就要倒闭. early days => early. end one's days/life => end2. every dog has his/its day => dog1. fall on evil days => evil. from day to `day; from ,one day to the `next within a short period of time 在短时间内: Things change from day to day. 事情一天一变. * You don't know what his mood will be from one day to the next. 真说不上他的情绪今天怎样明天又怎样. the good/bad old days => old. happy as the day is long => happy. have had one's `day be no longer successful, prosperous, powerful, etc 不再顺利、兴旺、强大等: He was a great singer once but now he's had his day. 他曾是个红歌星, 但现在风华已去. * Colonialism has had its day, ie is over. 殖民主义已日薄西山. have seen/known better days => better1. high days and holidays => high1. if he's, she's, etc a `day (in speaking of sb's age) at least （论某人年龄）至少: He's eighty if he's a day! 他至少八十岁了! in all one's born days => born. in `this day and age nowadays 现时代; 当今. in one's `day in one's lifetime; in a period of success, prosperity, power, etc 一生; 成功、兴盛、强大等的时期; 鼎盛时期: In his day, he was a very influential politician. 他在走红时是非常有影响力的政治家. * She was a great beauty in her day, ie when she was young. 她年轻时是个绝代美人. it's not sb's `day (infml 口) sb is especially unlucky 某人特别不幸运; 倒霉: My car broke down, then I locked myself out: it's just not my day! 我的汽车坏了, 又把自己锁在外边, 真倒霉透了! make sb's `day (infml 口) make sb very happy 使某人非常高兴: If she wins, it'll make her day. 她要是赢了, 她就太高兴了. late in the day => late2. the livelong day/night => livelong. night and day => night. a ,nine days' `wonder person or thing that attracts attention for a short time but is soon forgotten 昙花一现的人或事物: As a pop star she was a nine days' wonder: she only made one successful record. 她是个昙花一现的歌星, 只录制过一张受欢迎的唱片. `one day at a particular time in the future 将来某一天; 有朝一日: One day I'll get my revenge. 有朝一日我要报仇. one fine day => fine2. `one of these (fine) days soon 不久: One of these days he'll realize what a fool he's been. 不久他就会明白他一直是多么愚蠢. one of those `days an especially unpleasant or unlucky day 特别不愉快或不幸的日子: I've had one of those days: my train was late, and I lost my wallet. 这一天我真不幸: 火车晚点, 我又丢了钱包. the order of the day => rorder1. the other `day recently 最近: I saw her (only) the other day. 我（就）在最近见过她. pass the time of day => pass2. peep of day => peep1. the present day => present1. a red-letter day => red1. Rome was not built in a day => build. salad days => salad. save, etc sth for a rainy day => rainy. `some day at some time in the future 他日; 将来有一天: Some day I'll come back and marry her. 总有一天我要回来娶她. `that'll be the day (ironic 反语) that's very unlikely 不太可能: `He says he'll do the washing-up.' `That'll be the day!' ｀他说他要洗碗.＇｀没那么回事!＇ `these days nowadays 如今; 当今. ,this day `fortnight a fortnight from today 两星期後的今天. ,this day `week a week from today 一星期後的今天. `those were the days that was a happier, better, etc time 那是过去的幸福、美好等的日子: Do you remember when we first got married? Those were the days! 你还记得我们刚结婚那时吗? 那时多幸福! to the `day exactly 一天都不差; 正好: It's three years to the day since we met. 我们整整三年没见面了. to this `day even now 至今: To this day, I still don't know why she did it. 至今我仍不明白她为什么干那件事. turn night into day => night.care for small children away from home, during the day 日托: Day care is provided by the company she works for. 她工作的那家公司有日托. * [attrib 作定语] a `day-care centre 日托托儿所.place where small children are looked after while their parents are at work 日托托儿所.day on which one does not have to work 休息日: I work from Tuesday to Saturday, and Sunday and Monday are my days off. 我从星期二到星期六工作, 星期日和星期一休息.system of allowing employees days off work for education 脱产进修; 给假若干天调训制.(group of workers who work for a) fixed period during the day 日班（工人）. Cf 参看 night shift (night).(commerce 商) n book for recording sales as they take place, before transferring them later to a ledger （转入总帐之前的）日记帐, 流水帐.ns pupil who attends a boarding-school daily but sleeps at home （寄宿学校中的）走读生.n idle and pleasant thoughts that distract one's attention from the present 白日梦: She stared out of the window, lost in day-dreams. 她凝视窗外, 陷入白日梦中.  v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) enjoy such thoughts 想入非非; 空想; 幻想: He sat in the classroom, day-dreaming (about the holidays). 他坐在教室里幻想着（度假）.=> day-boyadj [attrib 作定语], adv (lasting) for the whole day 整天（的）; 终日（的）.n return ticket (often at a reduced price) for passengers travelling both ways on the same day 当日往返票（票价常较低）.n room (in a hospital, hostel, etc) where residents can sit, relax, watch TV, etc during the day 医院、招待所等里面供住客白天休息看电视等的房间.n school attended daily by pupils living at home 日校; 走读学校. Cf 参看 boarding-school (board2).adj [attrib 作定语] (a) planning for only one day at a time 逐日的（每次只作一天的计划的）: I have organized the cleaning on a ,day-to-`day basis, until the usual cleaner returns. 我已安排了清洁工回来前的逐日清洁工作. (b) involving daily routine 每日常规工作的: She has been looking after the ,day-to-day admini`stration. 她一直在照管日常的行政工作.n dawn 破晓; 黎明: We will leave at daybreak. 我们在黎明时动身./ˈdeɪlaɪt; `deˌlaɪt/ n   1 [U] light during daytime 日光; 白昼: The colours look different when viewed in daylight. 在日光下看, 颜色显得不同. * I haven't seen your garden in daylight before. 我以前还没有在白天看过你的花园呢. * before daylight, ie before dawn 天亮前; 黎明前.  2 (idm 习语) broad daylight => broad1. ,daylight `robbery (infml 口) charging too much 要价过高: Three pounds for two sandwiches? It's daylight robbery! 两个三明治要三镑? 简直是敲竹杠! see `daylight understand sth that was previously puzzling 理解了曾感到困惑的事: I struggled with the problem for hours before I saw daylight. 这个问题我费了几小时才弄明白.[U] way of making darkness fall later during summer by making clocks show a later time on a date in spring 日光节约; 夏令时. period when this is in effect 实行夏令时的期间. Cf 参看 summer time (summer)./ˈdeɪlaɪts; `deˌlaɪts/ n [pl] (idm 习语) beat/knock the (living) daylights out of sb (infml 口) beat sb very severely 狠打某人: If I catch you stealing again, I'll beat the daylights out of you! 假如再让我逮着你偷东西, 看我怎么揍你! frighten/scare the (living) daylights out of sb (infml 口) frighten sb very much 使某人非常惊恐.n [U] time between sunrise and sunset 白天; 日间: You hardly ever see owls in the daytime. 白天几乎看不 到猫头鹰./deɪz; dez/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (a) make (sb) confused and unable to react properly 使（某人）迷乱而不能做出正确反应; 使茫然: dazed with drugs 在麻醉剂影响下神志不清 * The blow on the head dazed him for a moment. 他头上受了一击後就昏眩了片刻. (b) surprise and bewilder (sb) 使（某人）惊奇与迷惑: I was dazed by her sudden offer. 她突然提出此事, 我感到惊奇而不知所措.

n (idm 习语) in a daze in a confused state 处于茫然状态: I've been in a complete daze since hearing the sad news. 我听到那坏消息, 一直全然不知所措./deɪzd; dezd/ adj: a dazed look, manner, etc 茫然的神态、举止等./ˈdæzl; `dæzl/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (a) blind (sb) briefly with too much light, brilliance, etc （因强光、闪烁等）使（某人）目眩, 眼花缭乱: I was dazzled by his headlights. 他的车头灯照得我目眩. (b) (fig 比喻) impress (sb) greatly through splendour, ability, etc 使（某人）赞许, 称奇: He was dazzled by her beauty and wit. 她聪明貌美使他为之神魂颠倒.

n [U] splendour; brilliance 壮丽; 光辉: all the dazzle of the circus 马戏团所见之光怪陆离.adj: a dazzling display of sporting skill 运动技巧的精湛表演.abbr 缩写 = decibel(s)./ˌdiː biː ˈiː; ˌdi bi i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Dame Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire 英帝国高级女勋爵士; 英帝国爵级司令勋衔: be made a DBE 获封英帝国高级女勋爵士 * Dame Susan Peters DBE 苏珊·彼得斯英帝国高级女勋爵士. Cf 参看 CBE, KBE, MBE./ˌdiː ˈsiː; ˌdi `si/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (music 音) repeat from the beginning (Italian da capo) 从头再奏（源自意大利文da capo）.  2 District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区: Washington, DC 美国首都华盛顿.  3 (also dc) direct current (direct1). Cf 参看 AC./ˌdiː ˈdiː; ˌdi `di/ abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Divinity 神学博士: have/be a DD 有神学博士学位[为神学博士] * Colin Green DD 科林·格林神学博士./ˌdiː diː ˈtiː; ˌdi di `ti/ abbr 缩写 = dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (a colourless chemical that kills insects and is also harmful to animals) 滴滴涕; 二氯二苯基三氯乙烷./ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ; de`fækto/ (Latin 拉) existing in actual fact, whether rightly or not 实际上存在的（不论合法与否）: a de facto ruler, government, right 实际上存在的统治者、政府、权利 * Though his kingship was challenged, he continued to rule de facto. 虽然他做国王的身分为人诟病, 但他仍大权在握. Cf 参看 de jure./ˌdeɪ ˈdʒʊərɪ; de`dʒᴜrɪ/ (Latin 拉) by right; according to law 根据权利; 根据法律; 法律上: the de jure king 合法的国王 * be king de jure 依法获得王位. Cf 参看 de facto./dəˈlʌks, also -ˈlʊks; dɪ`lʌks, -`lᴜks/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of a very high quality, high standard of comfort, etc 高质量的; 豪华的: a de luxe hotel, car, bed 舒适的旅馆、汽车、床 * the de luxe edition of a book, eg with a special leather binding 书的精装本./də rɪˈgɜː(r); dərɪ`ˇɝ/ (French 法) required by etiquette or custom 按照礼仪或风俗所要求的: Evening dress is de rigueur at the Casino. 在赌博娱乐场要穿晚礼服./dəˈtrəʊ; də`tro/ adj [pred 作表语] (French 法) not wanted; unwelcome 不需要; 无用; 不受欢迎: Their intimate conversation made me feel de trop. 他们亲切交谈, 使我感到自己是个多余的人.pref 前缀 (with vs and related adjs, advs and ns 与动词、形容词、副词、名词结合)  1 opposite or negative of ...的反义或否定: defrost * decentralization.  2 removal of 除掉...: defuse * derailment./ˌdiː ˈeskəleɪt; di`ɛskəˌlet/ v [Tn] reduce the level or intensity of (a war, the arms race, etc) 使（战争、军备竞赛等）降级. /diː ˌeskə-ˈleɪʃn; diˌɛskə`leʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiː ˈaɪs; di`aɪs/ v [Tn] remove ice from or prevent ice forming on (sth) 除去（某物）上的冰; 防止（某物）的表面结冰: de-ice a windscreen 除去挡风玻璃上的冰.n [C, U] substance put on a surface, esp by spraying, to remove ice or stop it forming 除冰剂（尤指喷剂）./ˈdiːkən; `dikən/ n  1 (in Christian churches with ordained priests, eg the Church of England) minister ranking below a priest （有委任牧师的基督教会, 如英国国教圣公会中的　会吏.  2 (in nonconformist churches) lay person who deals with church business affairs （在英国不从国教派教会中的）执事, 助祭./ˌdiːkəˈnes, also ˈdiːkənɪs; dikənɪs/ n woman with duties similar to those of a deacon 任上项两义职责的女子; 女会吏; 女执事; 女助祭./ded; dɛd/ adj  1 (a) no longer alive 死的: a dead person, animal 死的人、动物 * dead flowers, cells 凋谢的花、死的细胞 * The tiger fell dead. 老虎倒地死去. (b) never having been alive; inanimate 无生命的; 无生气的: dead matter, eg rock 无生命的物质（如岩石）.  2 (a) without movement or activity 无活动的: The town is dead now the mine has closed. 因矿井已关闭, 镇上一片死气沉沉. * in the dead hours of the night, ie when everything is quiet 在夜深人静时. (b) (infml 口) without interest and liveliness; dull 无趣的; 无生气的; 呆滞的: What a dead place this is! 这地方多没意思! * The acting was rather dead. 表演十分乏味.  3 no longer used, effective, valid, etc 不再使用的、已无作用的、已失效的等: This debate is now dead. 辩论现已过去. * My love for him is dead. 我不再爱他了. * a dead language, eg Latin 死的语言（如拉丁语）.  4 (a) numb from cold, anaesthetic, etc 冻僵的; 麻木的: My dead fingers could not untie the knot. 我的手指麻木了, 解不开结. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ to sth not feeling (pity, guilt, etc) 无动于衷; 无感觉: He was dead to all feelings of shame. 他恬不知耻.  5 [attrib 作定语] complete; absolute 全然地; 完全地: dead calm, silence, etc 死一般的平静、沉寂等 * come to a dead stop, ie stop suddenly 猛然停住 * dead centre, ie exact centre 正中心 * a dead shot, ie a person who shoots very accurately 神枪手 * a dead sleep, ie a very deep sleep 熟睡 * He's a dead cert/certainty for (ie He will certainly win) the 100 metres. 他稳拿百米第一.  6 that does, can or will no longer function 不（能）再起作用的: a dead match, ie one that has been struck 已擦过的火柴 * a dead battery, ie one without power 没电的电池 * The telephone went dead, ie produced no more sounds. 电话没声了.  7 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of sounds) not resonant; dull （指声音）无共鸣的, 沉闷的: It fell with a dead thud. 它砰的一声倒了下来. (b) (of colours) not brilliant （指颜色）不鲜艳的: The walls were a dead brown colour. 墙是暗褐色的.  8 (sport 体) (a) (of a ball) outside the playing area （指球）界外的, 死的. (b) (of the ground) tending to make balls rolling on it stop quickly （指场地）（对球的滚动）阻力大的: Rain had made the pitch rather dead. 场地因雨而阻力增大.  9 (idm 习语) be a dead ringer for sb (sl 俚) be very like sb in appearance 外貌上很像某人: She's a dead ringer for a girl I used to know. 她酷似以前我认识的一个女孩. be the dead spit of sb (infml 口) look exactly like sb else 极像某人. cut sb dead pretend not to have seen sb; refuse to greet sb 装着没看见某人; 拒不向某人打招呼. (as) ,dead as a/the `dodo (infml 口) no longer effective, valid, interesting, etc 已无作用的、已失效的、不再吸引人注意的等: This organization is as dead as a dodo. 这个组织已不复存在. (as) ,dead as a `doornail/as `mutton (infml 口) quite dead 完全死了的: It lay there with its eyes closed, dead as a doornail. 它躺在那里眼睛闭着, 确实死了. a dead `duck (infml 口) scheme, etc which has been abandoned, or will fail 被放弃的或将失败的计划等: The plan is a dead duck: there's no money. 计划告吹了: 没有钱. a dead `end (a) = cul-de-sac. (b) point at which one can make no further progress in work, an enquiry, etc 工作、查询等不能再进展的阶段: be at/come to a dead end 陷入僵局 * With the failure of the experiment, we had reached a dead end. 试验失败了, 我们一筹莫展. * [attrib 作定语] a ,dead-end `job/ca`reer, ie one that offers no prospect of promotion 无晋升希望的工作[职业]. the dead hand of sth oppressive influence of sth 某事物的恶劣影响; 流毒: The dead hand of bureaucracy is slowing our progress. 官僚主义的流毒拖慢了我们的进步. a dead `letter (a) rule or law that is generally ignored 被普遍忽视的规章或法律. (b) outdated custom, issue or topic 过时的习俗、论点或话题: Many people say that detente is now a dead letter. 很多人说缓和国际紧张局势的论调已是明日黄花. (c) letter kept by the post office because they cannot find either the person to whom it was sent or the person who sent it 死信（无法投递的信件）. a dead `loss (sl 俚) person or thing of no help or use to anyone 对谁都无用的人或物: This pen is a dead loss: it just won't write properly. 这枝笔没用了: 书写很不流畅. ,dead men ,tell no `tales (saying 谚) if a person is killed he cannot cause difficulties by revealing sth that one does not wish to be known 死人不会泄密. ,dead men's `shoes job that one takes over from sb who has left unexpectedly or died 从突然离开或去世的某人手中接过来的工作: She got early promotion by stepping into dead men's shoes. 她因补缺而得以提早晋升. ,dead to the `world fast asleep 熟睡. ,dead `wood useless or unneeded people, material, papers, etc 无用的或不需要的人、材料、文件等: There is too much dead wood among the teaching staff. 教师中尸位素餐者众. * The new manager wants to cut out the dead wood and streamline production. 新经理想精简机构以提高生产效率. drop dead => drop2. flog a dead horse => flog. in a dead `faint completely unconscious 完全失去知觉. over my dead `body (used to express one's strong opposition to sth 用以表示对某事物的强烈反对): They'll demolish this house over my dead body. 我死也不让他们拆这所房子. * `I'm going out.' `Over my dead body!' ｀我要出去.＇｀除非我死了!＇ the quick and the dead => quick. wake the dead => wake1. wouldn't be seen `dead in, at, with, etc sth/doing sth (infml 口) would refuse to be in, at, with, etc sth 绝不涉于某事物: That dress is so ugly I wouldn't be seen dead in it. 那件连衣裙真难看, 我宁死也不穿. * She wouldn't be seen dead jogging; she hates exercise. 她就是不愿跑步; 她讨厌运动.

adv  1 completely; absolutely; thoroughly 完全地; 绝对地; 彻底地: dead tired/drunk 极度疲倦[酩酊大醉] * dead sure/certain 绝对肯定[无疑] * dead level/straight 非常平[直] * You're dead right! 你完全正确! * dead slow, ie as slowly as possible 极慢 * dead ahead, ie directly ahead 正前方 * be dead against (ie absolutely opposed to) sth 坚决反对某事物.  2 (idm 习语) ,dead `beat (infml 口) very tired; exhausted 精疲力竭; 筋疲力尽. (be) ,dead `set against sb/sth (be) strongly opposed to sb/sth 强烈反对某人[某事物]. (be) dead set on sth (be) determined to do sth 决心做某事物: He's dead set on getting a new job. 他打定主意要找个新工作. stop dead => stop1.

n  1 the dead [pl v] those who have died 已死的人: We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战场.  2 (idm 习语) in the/at ,dead of `night in the quietest part of the night 在夜阑人静时: We escaped at dead of night, when the guards were asleep. 我们在夜静卫兵熟睡时逃跑了. in the ,dead of `winter in the coldest part of winter 在隆冬.result in a race when two competitors finish at exactly the same time 两个竞赛者同时到达终点的比赛成绩.handle on an electric train that cuts off the power if it is released （电动机车中自动切断电源的）安全手柄.calculation of one's position by log2(1) or compass (when visibility is bad) （当能见度很低时）靠测程仪或罗盘定位的测定法.heavy lifeless mass 重物: The drunken man was a dead weight in my arms. 这个醉汉在我怀里死沉.n (infml 口) person who has no job and no money and has lost the will to live an active life 失业而穷途潦倒的人.adj expressionless 无表情的: a dead-pan face/look 无表情的脸[目光] * dead-pan humour, ie when the speaker pretends to be very serious 无表情的幽默（说话人故作严肃认真）./ˈdedn; `dɛdn/ v  1 [Tn] lessen the force or intensity of (sth) 减低（某物）的力量或强度: drugs to deaden the pain 镇痛药 * My thick clothing deadened the blow. 我的厚衣减轻了打击的力量. * Your constant criticism has deadened their enthusiasm. 你接二连三地批评降低了他们的热情.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth make sb insensitive to sth 使某人对某事的感觉迟钝: Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动于衷./ˈdedlaɪn; `dɛdˌlaɪn/ n point in time by which sth must be done 截止时间（必须完成某事物的期限）: meet, miss a deadline 如期、超过期限 * I have a March deadline for the novel, ie It must be finished by March. 我那本小说必须在三月完成.n [U]./ˈdedlɒk; `dɛdˌlɑk/ n [C, U] complete failure to reach agreement or to settle a quarrel or grievance 僵局: The negotiations have reached deadlock. 谈判陷入僵局. * We can only make minor concessions, but it might break the deadlock, ie allow a compromise. 我们只能做些较小的让步, 但这就可能打破僵局./ˈdedlɪ; `dɛdlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 causing, or likely to cause, death （可能）致命的: deadly poison 剧毒 * deadly weapons 致命的武器.  2 (fig 比喻) extremely effective, so that no defence is possible 极有效的（因而无法防御）: His aim is deadly, ie so accurate that he can kill easily. 他弹无虚发. * She uses wit with deadly effect. 她聪明机智, 使人难以招架.  3 [attrib 作定语] filled with hate 充满仇恨的: They are deadly enemies. 他们是死敌.  4 [attrib 作定语] like that of death 如死一样的: deadly paleness, coldness, silence 死一样的苍白、冰冷、沉寂.  5 [attrib 作定语] extreme 极端的; 非常的: deadly seriousness 极其严肃 * I'm in deadly earnest. 我是非常认真的.  6 (infml 口) very boring 令人生厌的: The concert was absolutely deadly. 那音乐会十分枯燥.  7 (idm 习语) the (seven) deadly `sins serious sins that result in damnation 受上帝惩罚的（七）大重罪.

adv (a) as if dead 死一样地: deadly pale/cold 死一样地苍白[冰冷]. (b) (infml 口) extremely 极端地; 非常地: deadly serious, boring, dull, etc 非常严肃、无聊、乏味等.poisonous plant with red flowers and black berries 颠茄./def; dɛf/ adj (-er, -est)  1 unable to hear at all or to hear well 聋的: go deaf 变聋 * be deaf in one ear 一只耳聋 * He's getting deafer in his old age. 他年纪大了耳朵越来越聋.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth unwilling to listen to sth 对某事听不进: be deaf to all advice, requests, entreaties, etc 对一切劝告、要求、恳求等充耳不闻.  3 (idm 习语) (as) ,deaf as a `post/`doorpost (infml 口) very deaf 非常聋的. fall on deaf `ears be ignored or unnoticed by others 被别人忽视; 不受注意: All her appeals for help fell on deaf ears. 她屡屡求助均无人理会. turn a deaf `ear (to sb/sth) refuse to listen (to sb/sth) 不肯听取（某人的话[某事物]）; 对...充耳不闻: She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost. 她对我们的警告充耳不闻, 结果迷失了方向.

n the deaf [pl v] deaf people 耳聋的人: television subtitles for the deaf 为聋人做的电视对白字幕.person who is deaf and dumb 聋哑人.n small (usu electronic) device that helps a person to hear; hearing-aid 助听器.unable to hear or speak 聋哑的; 不能听或说的: [attrib 作定语] a ,deaf-and-dumb `child 聋哑儿 * the ,deaf-and-dumb `alphabet, ie in which signs made with the hands are used for letters or words 聋哑人用的字母（以手势表示字母或词语者）; 聋哑人手语./ˈdefn; `dɛfən/ v [Tn] (a) make (sb) feel deaf or unable to hear sounds around him by making a very loud noise 使（某人）感到震耳欲聋: We're being deafened by next door's stereo. 隔壁的立体声音响要把我们耳朵震聋. (b) make (sb) deaf 使（某人）耳聋: The head injury deafened her for life. 她头部受伤以致终身耳聋.adj very loud 震耳欲聋的: deafening thunder 震耳欲聋的雷声 * Please turn the radio down  the noise is deafening. 请把收音机的声音开小一点--声音大得震耳欲聋. adv: deafeningly loud 声大得震耳欲聋.n [U]./diːl; dil/ n [U] (esp Brit) (planks of) fir or pine wood 冷杉木或松木（的板）: made of white deal 白松木制的 * [attrib 作定语] a deal table, floor, etc 杉木桌、地板等.

/diːl; dil/ n (idm 习语) a good/great deal (of sth) much; a lot 很多; 大量: spend a good deal of money 花很多的钱 * take a great deal of trouble 费很大的事 * be a great deal better 好多了 * see sb a great deal, ie often 常见某人.

/diːl; dil/ v (pt, pp dealt/ delt; dZlt/)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (out); ~ sth (to sb) distribute (cards) in a game （纸牌戏中）发（牌）: Whose turn is it to deal (the cards)? 该谁发（牌）了? * She dealt me four cards. 她发给我四张牌.  2 (idm 习语) deal sb/sth a `blow; deal a blow to sb/sth (fml 文) (a) hit sb/sth 打击某人[某事物]: She dealt him a tremendous blow with the poker. 她用拨火棒重重地打了他一下. (b) cause sb a setback, shock, etc 使某人受到挫折、震惊等: Her death dealt us a terrible blow. 她一死对我们打击很大. deal well, badly, etc by/with sb (dated or fml 旧或文) treat sb well, etc 对某人好、坏等: He has always dealt well by me. 他一贯对我很好. * You've been badly dealt with. 你一直受到虐待. wheel and deal => wheel.  3 (phr v) deal in sth (a) sell sth; trade in sth 卖某物; 经营某物: My bank deals in stocks and shares now. 我们银行现在经营债券与股票. * We deal in hardware but not software. 我们只经营硬件而不经营软件. (b) (derog 贬) concern oneself with sth; indulge in sth 忙于某事物; 沉溺于某事物: deal in gossip and slander, ie make a habit of gossiping about and slandering people 惯于搬弄是非和诽谤别人. deal sb in give cards to (a new player in a game) （纸牌戏中）发牌（给新参加者）. deal sth out give sth out to a number of people; distribute sth 将某物分发给一些人; 分发某物: The profits will be dealt out among the investors. 红利将分发给投资者. * The judge dealt out harsh sentences to the rioters. 法官对暴乱者处以严刑. deal with sb tackle the problem or task set by sb; behave towards sb 处理某人所提出的问题或任务; 对待、对付某人: How would you deal with an armed burglar? 你怎样对付闯进来的持有武器的强盗? * They try to deal politely with angry customers. 他们尽量对发怒的顾客彬彬有礼. deal with sb/sth have social, business, etc relations with sb 与某人有社交、商业等关系: I hate dealing with large impersonal companies. 我讨厌与那些没有人情味的大公司打交道. * We don't deal with (ie negotiate with) terrorists. 我们不与恐怖分子打交道. deal with sth (a) attend to (a problem, task, etc); manage sth 处理（问题、任务等）; 料理某事: You dealt with an awkward situation very tactfully. 你很巧妙地处理了一个困难的局面. * Haven't you dealt with (ie replied to) that letter yet? 那封信你答覆了吗? (b) take or have sth as a subject; discuss sth 以某事物作为内容; 讨论某事物: The next chapter deals with verbs. 下一章讨论动词. * I'll deal with decimals in the next lesson. 下一堂课我要讲小数.

/diːl; dil/ n  1 agreement, esp in business, on certain terms for buying or doing sth 协议; （尤指）交易: to make/conclude/close/finalize a deal (with sb) （与某人）达成一笔交易 * We did a deal with the management on overtime. 在加班问题上我们与管理部门达成一项协议. * They both wanted to use the car, so they did a deal, ie reached a compromise. 他们双方都想用这辆汽车, 因而达成了折衷的协议. * It's a deal! ie I agree to your terms. 我同意你的条件. * The deal fell through, ie No agreement was reached. 交易告吹.  2 (in games) distribution of playing-cards （纸牌戏中）发牌: After the deal, play begins. 发完牌之後, 纸牌游戏即开始. * It's your deal, ie your turn to deal the cards. 该你发牌了.  3 (idm 习语) big deal! => big. a fair/square `deal fair treatment in a bargain 公平交易: We offer you a fair deal on furniture, ie We sell it at fair prices. 我们卖家具价钱公道. make the best of a bad deal => best3. a new deal => new. a raw/rough `deal (infml 口) unfair treatment 不公平的待遇: If she lost her job for being late once, she got a pretty raw deal. 她若只因迟到一次就失去了工作, 这样对她未免太不公平了./ˈdiːlə(r); `dilɚ/ n  1 person who distributes playing-cards 发牌者.  2 ~ (in sth) trader 商人: a used-car dealer 旧车商 * a furniture dealer 家具商 * a dealer in (ie sb who buys and sells) stolen goods 买卖赃物的商人.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Dealers, traders and merchants are all people who earn money from selling goods. *dealers、traders、merchants都是以出售货物赚钱的人.  1 A trader works informally and casually selling household goods, etc, especially in a market *trader的工作是非正式的及临时性的, 出售的是日用百货等, 尤指在市场中出售者: a market/street trader 市场[走街]商人. A trader can also be a company buying and selling internationally *trader还可指从事国际贸易的公司: The company is an international trader in grain. 这家公司是国际粮食贸易公司.  2 A merchant sells particular (often imported) goods in large quantities *merchant是指大批量出售某种（常为进口的）货物的商人: He's a coal, wine, timber, tea, etc merchant. 他是经营煤、酒、木材、茶等的商人.  3 A dealer sells especially individual objects and has a specialized knowledge of these *dealer是指专门出售某类物品, 并对之有专业知识的商人: She's an antique, a used-car, etc dealer. 她是经营古董、旧车等的商人. Dealer is also used of someone who buys and sells illegally *dealer还可指做非法买卖者: He's a dealer in drugs/stolen goods. 他是个毒品贩子[贼赃贩子]./ˈdiːlɪŋ; `dilɪŋ/ n  1 [U] way of behaving, esp in business 作风; （尤指）经营作风: Our company is proud of its reputation for fair dealing. 我们公司以享有经营作风正派的美誉而感到自豪.  2 (idm 习语) have dealings (with sb) have relations (with sb), esp in business （与某人）有关系（尤指在商业上）: I'll have no further dealings with him. 我再不和他打交道了. * We've had no previous dealings with this company. 我们以前和这家公司没有商业往来.pt, pp of deal3./diːn; din/ n  1 clergyman who is head of a cathedral chapter 教长（大教堂教士中职位最高者）; 主任牧师.  2 (also ,rural `dean) (esp Brit) clergyman who is responsible for a number of parishes （乡区的）主任牧师（主管若干牧区）.  3 (a) (in some universities) person who is responsible for discipline （在某些大学中的）学监. (b) head of a university department of studies （大学的）系主任: dean of the faculty of law 法律系系主任.  4 (US) = doyen./ˈdiːnərɪ; `dinərɪ/ n (a) office or house of a dean(1,2) 教长、主任牧师或乡区牧师的办公室或住宅. (b) group of parishes under a rural dean 乡区主任牧师管辖下的若干牧区./dɪə(r); dɪr/ adj (-er, -est)  1 ~ (to sb) loved (by sb); greatly valued 亲爱的; 极为珍贵的: my dear wife 我亲爱的妻子 * his dearest possessions, friends 他最宝贵的所有物、朋友 * My daughter is very dear to me. 我的女儿是我的宝贝. * He lost everything that was dear to him. 他失去了自己珍爱的一切东西.  2 (used attributively with little and old to show fondness 作定语与little及old连用表示亲昵之意): What a dear little child! 多么可爱的孩子! * Dear old Paul! 亲爱的保罗!  3 (used attributively as a form of address in letters, and politely or ironically in speech 冠于信函中的称谓及用于言语, 以示礼貌或讽刺): Dear Sir/Madam 敬启者 * Dear Mr Bond 邦德先生台鉴 * My dear fellow, surely you don't mean that! 亲爱的朋友, 那决不是你的本意吧!  4 [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit) expensive 昂贵: Clothes are getting dearer. 衣服越来越贵了. * dear money, ie money on which a high rate of interest must be paid 须付高利的钱 * That shop is too dear for me, ie Its prices are too high. 对我来说, 这家商店的价格太高了.  5 (idm 习语) close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. for dear life vigorously or desperately (as if trying to save oneself from death) 拚命地: run, swim, pull, shout, argue for dear life 拚命地跑、游、拉、喊、争论. hold sb/sth `dear (rhet 修辞) cherish sb/sth; value sb/sth highly 喜爱某人[某事物]; 高度重视某人[某事物]: I said farewell to those I hold dear. 我向我所喜爱的人们道别. * the ideals we hold dear 我们极为珍惜的理想. one's nearest and dearest => near1.

adv  1 at a high cost 高价地; 昂贵地: If you want to make money, buy cheap and sell dear. 要想赚钱就得贱买贵卖.  2 (idm 习语) cost sb dear => cost1.

n  1 lovable person 可爱的人: Isn't that baby a dear? 多可爱的婴儿啊! * Thank you, you are a dear. 谢谢你, 你真是好人. * Be a dear and (ie Please) give me that book. 做做好事, 把那本书给我吧.  2 (used to address sb one knows very well 用以称呼极熟悉的人): Yes, dear, I'll write to mother. 是的, 亲爱的, 我要给妈妈写信. * Come here, my dear. 上这儿来, 亲爱的.

interj (used in expressions of surprise, impatience, dismay, etc 用以表示惊奇、不耐烦、惊恐等): Oh dear! I think I've lost it! 糟糕! 我可能把它给丢了! * Dear me! What a mess! 天哪! 乱成什么样子了!/ˈdɪərɪst; `dɪrɪst/ n (used to address sb one likes very much 用以称呼非常喜爱的人): Come, (my) dearest, let's go home. 好啦, 亲爱的, 咱们回家吧.adv  1 very much 非常地: He loves his mother dearly. 他极爱他的母亲. * She would dearly like to get that job. 她非常想得到那份工作.  2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) with great loss, damage, etc （损失、损坏等）极大地: She paid dearly for her mistake, ie It caused her many problems. 她为自己的错误付出极大代价. * Victory was dearly bought, eg because many soldiers died. 胜利来之不易（如因牺牲了很多士兵）.  3 (idm 习语) sell one's life dearly => sell.n [U]./dɜːθ; dɝθ/ n [sing] ~ (of sth) shortage; scarcity 缺乏; 稀少: There seems to be a dearth of good young players at the moment. 目前似乎好的年轻选手太少了./ˈdɪərɪ; `dɪrɪ/ n (infml 口) (used by an older person to a much younger one 长者对年幼者用) dear(1); darling 亲爱的; 宝贝儿./deθ; dɛθ/ n  1 [C] dying or being killed 死; 死亡: Her death was a shock to him. 她的死对他是个打击. * There have been more deaths from drowning. 溺水死亡人数有所增加. * A bad driver was responsible for their deaths. 他们的死是个技术不佳的司机造成的.  2 [U] end of life; state of being dead 生命的终止; 死亡的状态: Food poisoning can cause death. 食物中毒可导致死亡. * burn, starve, stab, etc sb to death, ie until he is dead 把某人烧死、饿死、刺死等 * You're drinking yourself to death. 你这样喝酒, 非喝死不可. * (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) Don't work yourself to death, ie Don't work too hard. 别把自己累死. * One mistake could mean death for him, ie could result in his being killed. 一个错误足可置他于死地. * sentenced to death, ie to be executed 被判死刑 * eyes closed in death 死後闭合的双眼 * united in death, eg of a husband and a wife in the same grave 死後合葬（如夫妇同葬一墓）.  3 (also Death) [U] power that destroys life, pictured as a person 死神: Death is often shown in pictures as a human skeleton. 死神常被画成骷髅.  4 [U] ~ of sth ending or destruction of sth 终止; 毁灭: the death of one's plans, hopes, etc 计划的破产、希望的破灭 * the death of capitalism 资本主义的灭亡.  5 (idm 习语) (be) at death's `door (often ironic 常作反语) so ill that one may die 病得要死: Stop groaning! You're not at death's door! 别哼哼了! 你还不至于死呢! (be) at the point of death => point1. be the death of sb (a) be the cause of sb's death 成为某人致死的原因: That motorbike will be the death of you. 那辆摩托车就会要了你的命. (b) (often joc 常作戏谑语) cause sb great worry 引起某人极大忧虑: Those kids will be the death of me, coming home so late every night. 那些孩子真把我气死了, 每天这么晚才回家. be ,in at the `death be present when sth fails, comes to an end, etc 目睹某事物失败、终结等: The TV cameras were in at the death and filmed the arrest. 进行逮捕时正好有电视摄像机录下了这场面. bore sb to death/tears => bore2. catch one's death => catch1. dice with death => dice. die the death => die2. ,do sth to `death perform (a play, a piece of music, etc) so often that people become tired of seeing or hearing it （剧本、乐曲等）频频演出而令人感到厌倦不愿再看或再听: That idea's been done to death. 那主意听得腻死人了. a fate worse than death => fate. flog sth to death => flog. frighten/scare sb to death/out of his wits => frighten. the kiss of death => kiss. like grim death => grim. a matter of life and death => matter1. put sb to death execute sb; kill sb 处死某人; 杀死某人: The prisoner was put to death (by firing squad) at dawn.那囚犯在黎明时被（行刑队）处决. sick to death of sb/sth => sick. sudden death => sudden. tickled pink/to death => tickle. to the death until sb is dead 直至某人死亡: a fight to the death 拼到死的搏斗.official form that states the cause and time of sb's death 死亡证明书.(Brit) (formerly) tax paid on property after the owner's death, now called capital transfer tax （旧时）遗产税（现称资产转让税）.punishment of being executed for a crime 死刑.yearly number of deaths per 1000 people in a group 死亡率（每年每1000人中的死亡人数）.(US) group of prison cells for those condemned to death 死囚的牢房.human skull as an emblem of death 象徵死亡的骷髅头.n (a) blow that kills 致命的打击. (b) event, act, etc that destroys or puts an end to sth 使某事物毁灭、终结的事件、行动等: Losing the contract was a death-blow to the company. 失去这一份合同的生意使公司受到致命的打击.n cast2(2a) taken from the face of a person who has just died 从刚死的人面部制取的模型.n rattling sound in the throat of a dying person 临终前喉头发出的呼噜声.n number of people killed (eg in a war or an earthquake) 死亡名单（如在战争或地震中）.n (a) place where many people have died in accidents 死亡陷阱（造成许多人在事故中死亡的地方）: That sharp bend is a death-trap for motorists. 那个急转弯是开汽车的人的死亡陷阱. (b) place where many people could die (eg in a fire) 可使许多人死亡的地方（如火场）: The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death-trap. 那些汽车堵住出口能把这地方变成遭难场所.n  1 (a) written order that sb should be executed 死刑执行令. (b) act, decision, etc that causes the end of sth 使某事物终止的行动、决定等: The tax is a death-warrant for small businesses. 交税是小企业的致命负担.  2 (idm 习语) sign sb's/one's own death-warrant => sign2.small beetle whose larva bores into wood with a ticking sound 红毛窃蠹（一种小甲虫）.n (often subconscious) desire for one's own or sb else's death （常为潜意识的）希望自己或他人死亡的想法.n bed in which a person is dying or dies 临终时卧的床: He forgave her on his deathbed, ie as he lay dying. 他在临终时原谅了她. * [attrib 作定语] a deathbed confession 临终的忏悔./ˈdeθlɪs; `dɛθlɪs/ adj (fml 文) never to be forgotten; immortal 永恒的; 永生的; 不朽的: deathless fame, glory, etc 不朽的声誉、荣誉等 * (ironic 反语) The letter was written in his usual deathless (ie bad, unmemorable) prose. 他这封信是用其万世不变的笔调写成的./ˈdeθlaɪk; `dɛθˌlaɪk/ adj like that of death 像死一样的: a deathlike silence/paleness 死寂[死样的苍白]./ˈdeθlɪ; `dɛθlɪ/ adj (-lier, -liest) like or suggesting death 死一般的; 有死亡含义的: a deathly stillness/hush/silence/pallor 死一般的平静[寂静/苍白]. 

adv: deathly pale/cold 死人一样地苍白[冰凉]./deb; dɛb/ n (infml 口) = debutante./deɪˈbɑːkl; de`bɑkl/ n (a) sudden and complete failure; fiasco 突然的大失败; 惨败: His first performance was a debacle: the audience booed him off the stage. 他的首场演出一败涂地, 观众发出嘘声把他轰下了台. (b) retreat by beaten troops who run away scared and in disorder 败军在慌乱中的溃逃: Many men were shot or captured in the debacle. 败军在溃逃时有很多人被击毙或俘虏./dɪˈbɑː(r); dɪ`bɑr/ v (-rr-) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) shut sb out (of a place) 将某人排斥在（某地之）外: People in jeans were debarred (from the club). 穿牛仔裤的人均未准进入（俱乐部）. (b) prevent sb (from exercising a right, etc) 阻止某人（行使某项权利等）: Convicted criminals are debarred from voting in elections. 已判刑的罪犯均被褫夺选举投票权./dɪˈbɑːk; dɪ`bɑrk/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) = disembark. /ˌdiː-bɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˌdibɑr`keʃən/ n [U] = disembarkation./dɪˈbeɪs; dɪ`bes/ v [Tn]  1 lower the quality, status or value of (sth) 降低（某物的）质量、地位或价值: Sport is being debased by commercialism. 体育运动的价值受商业化影响而逐渐下降. * You debase yourself by telling such lies. 你说这些谎话就降低了身分.  2 lower the value of (coins) by using less valuable metal in them 降低（硬币的）价值（减少含贵金属的成色）. n [U]./dɪˈbeɪtəbl; dɪ`betəbl/ adj not certain; open to question; arguable 不肯定的; 有待解决的; 可争议的: It's debatable whether or not the reforms have improved conditions. 改革是否改善了现状, 这问题仍有争议. * a debatable point, claim, etc 有争论的观点、要求等. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./dɪˈbeɪt; dɪ`bet/ n [C, U] (a) formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote （正式的）辩论, 讨论（如在公众集会或议会中, 常以表决结束）: After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的辩论, 下议院通过了议案. * to open the debate, ie be the first to speak 开始辩论（第一个发言） * the motion under debate, ie being discussed 在辩论中的动议. (b) argument or discussion in general （一般性的）辩论, 讨论: After much debate, we decided to move to Oxford. 我们经充分讨论决定迁往牛津. * We had long debates at college about politics. 我们上大学时曾长时间地辩论政治问题. * Her resignation caused much public debate. 她辞职一事引起群众议论纷纷.

v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tw, Tg] ~ (about sth) have a debate(2) about (sth); discuss (sth) 对（某事）进行辩论; 讨论（某事）: What are they debating (about)? 他们在辩论什么? * We're just debating what to do next. 我们正讨论下一步该做什么事. * They debated closing the factory. 他们争论是否关闭工厂.  2 [Tn, Tw, Tg] think (sth) over in order to decide 考虑（某事物）以决定: I debated it for a while, then decided not to go. 我反覆考虑後决定不去. * I'm debating where to go on holiday. 我在琢磨到何处度假. * He debated buying a new car, but didn't in the end. 他思量很久是否买辆新汽车, 但最後还是没买. debater n person who debates (debate 1) 辩论的人./dɪˈbɔːtʃ; dɪ`bɔtʃ/ v [Tn] make (sb) act immorally by using bad influence 诱使（某人）做不道德的事: He debauched (ie seduced) many innocent girls. 他诱使许多清白的女子堕落了.

n occasion of excessive drinking or immoral behaviour, usu involving several people 狂饮或放荡的场合（通常有数人参加）: go on a drunken debauch 进行狂饮作乐.adj immoral, esp sexually 不道德的; （尤指）淫荡的: to live a debauched life 过着淫逸生活./ˌdebɔːˈtʃiː; ˌdɛbɔ`tʃi/ n debauched person 道德败坏的人./dɪˈbɔːtʃərɪ; dɪ`bɔtʃərɪ/ n (a) [U] immoral behaviour, esp in sexual matters 道德败坏; （尤指）淫荡: a life of debauchery 放荡淫逸的生活. (b) [C] example or period of this 放荡; 淫逸: His debaucheries ruined his health. 他生活放荡因而身体亏损./dɪˈbentʃə(r); dɪ`bɛntʃɚ/ n certificate given by a business corporation, etc as a receipt for money lent at a fixed rate of interest until the loan is repaid 债券: [attrib 作定语] debenture shares 债券股./dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt; dɪ`bɪləˌtet/ v [Tn] make (a person or his body) very weak 使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱: a debilitating illness, climate 使人虚弱的疾病、气候 * She has been debilitated by dysentery. 她让痢疾搞得身体非常虚弱. * (fig 比喻) Huge debts are debilitating their economy. 沉重的债务大大削弱了他们的经济./dɪˈbɪlətɪ; dɪ`bɪlətɪ/ n [U] physical weakness 身体的虚弱: After her operation she suffered from general debility. 她在手术後感到全身虚弱./ˈdebɪt; `dɛbɪt/ n (a) (in bookkeeping) written note in an account of a sum owed or paid out （簿记中的）收方, 借方. (b) sum withdrawn from an account 从帐户中提取的款项: My bank account shows two debits of 5 each. 我的银行帐户借方记入了两笔5英镑的款项. Cf 参看 credit, direct debit (direct1).

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/to sb/sth);~sb/sth (with sth) record (a sum of money) owed or withdrawn (by sb) 将（款额）记入（某人帐户的）收方, 借方: Debit 5 against my account. 在我的帐户借方记入5英镑. * Debit 50 to me. 把50英镑记入我的帐户借方. * She/Her account was debited with 50. 在她的帐户借方记入了50英镑.left-hand side of an account, on which debits are entered 收方, 借方（簿记帐户的左方, 记载借贷的款项）./ˌdebəˈneə(r); ˌdɛbə`nɛr/ adj (usu of men) cheerful and self-assured （通常指男人）愉快而自信的: He strolled about, looking very debonair in his elegant new suit. 他穿了一身讲究的新衣服逛来逛去, 显得颇为惬意./dɪˈbaʊtʃ; dɪ`baᴜtʃ/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (a) (military 军) (of troops) come out into open ground （指部队）进入开阔地: The army debouched from the mountains into a wide plain. 军队从山里开出, 进入宽阔平原. (b) (of a river, road, etc) merge into a larger body or area （指河流、道路等）进入一较大区域: The stream debouches into the estuary. 这条河流入河口湾./diːˈbriːf; di`brif/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp military 尤用于军事) question (a soldier, an astronaut, a diplomat, etc) esp about a mission that he has just completed 询问（士兵、宇航员、外交人员等）执行任务的情况: a debriefing session 情况查询会 * While being debriefed the defector named two double agents. 在询问过程中叛变者供出了两名双重间谍. * Pilots were debriefed on the bombing raid. 驾驶员汇报了空袭情况. Cf 参看 brief2./ˈdeɪbriː; <i>US</i> dəˈbriː; də`bri/ n [U] scattered fragments; wreckage 散落的碎片; 残骸: After the crash, debris from the plane was scattered over a large area. 飞机坠毁後, 残骸散落在一大片土地上. * searching among the debris after the explosion 爆炸後在瓦砾中进行的搜寻./det; dɛt/ n  1 (a) [C] sum of money owed to sb that has not yet been paid 债务; 欠款: If I pay all my debts I'll have no money left. 我若还清所有欠债就分文不剩了. (b) [U] owing money, esp when one cannot pay 欠债（尤指无法偿还的）: We were poor, but we avoided debt. 我们穷是穷, 但还不至于背债.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fig 比喻) obligation to sb for their help, kindness, etc 人情债: I'm happy to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. 我能有机会向老师们表示感谢, 我觉得十分高兴. * owe sb a debt of gratitude 欠某人恩情.  3 (idm 习语) be ,in/,out of `debt owe/not owe a lot of money 欠[不欠]债. be in sb's `debt (fml 文) feel grateful to sb for his help, kindness, etc 欠某人之情: You saved my life: I am forever in your debt. 你救了我的命: 我永远感恩不尽. ,get/,run into `debt reach a stage where one owes a lot of money 负债. ,get out of `debt reach a stage where one no longer owes money 还清欠款. a ,debt of `honour debt that one feels morally obliged to pay even though one is not required by law to do so 信誉债（无法律约束力而道义上有责任偿还者）./ˈdetə(r); `dɛtɚ/ n person who owes money to sb 债务人: receive payment from one's debtors 从债务人处收到付款./ˌdiːˈbʌg; di`bʌˇ/ v (-gg-) [Tn] (infml 口)  1 find and remove defects in (a computer program, machine, etc) 检测并排除（计算机程序、机器等）中的故障.  2 find and remove hidden microphones from (a room, house, etc) 从（房屋等）中找出并除掉窃听器: The place has been completely debugged. 这地方的窃听器已彻底清除./ˌdiːˈbʌŋk; di`bʌŋk/ v [Tn] show that the reputation of (a person, an idea, an institution, etc) is undeserved or exaggerated 揭穿（某人、某思想、某机构等）名不副实: debunk fashionable opinions 指出流行一时的说法的不是./ˈdeɪbjuː; <i>US</i> dɪˈbjuː; dɪ`bju/ n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) 演员首次（登台等）演出: He marked his debut by beating the champion. 他初次上阵即击败了冠军而一鸣惊人. * She's making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. 她在卡内基音乐堂举行她在纽约的首次演出./ˈdebjuːtɑːnt; ˌdɛbjᴜ`tɑnt/ (also infml 口语亦作 deb) n young woman making her first appearance in fashionable society 初次在上流社会的社交场合露面的少女.abbr 缩写 = December: 5 Dec 1909  1909年12月5日.abbr 缩写 = deceased: Simon Day dec 西蒙·戴（已故）.comb form 构词成分 ten 十: decathlon. =>App 11 见附录11./ˈdekeɪd; `dɛked/ n period of ten years 十年: the first decade of the 20th century, ie 1900-1909  20世纪最初的十年（1900-1909）./ˈdekədəns; `dɛkədəns/ n [U] (a) (falling to a) lower level (in morals, art, literature, etc) esp after a period at a high level （道德伦理、艺术、文学等的）衰落, 堕落（尤指经过一鼎盛时期後）: the decadence of late Victorian art 维多利亚晚期文艺的衰落. (b) attitude or behaviour that shows this 表现出此种衰落的态度或行为: the decadence of the rich Western countries 富裕的西方国家中的颓废行为. /ˈdekədənt; `dɛkə-dənt/ adj: a decadent society, style 堕落的社会、作风 * decadent behaviour 颓废的行为./ˌdiːˈkæfɪneɪtɪd; di`kæfəˌnetɪd/ adj with most or all of the caffeine removed （大部或全部）除去咖啡因的: decaffeinated coffee 除去咖啡因的咖啡./ˈdekəlɒg; <i>US</i> -lɔːg; `dɛkəˌlɔˇ/ n the Decalogue (in the Bible) the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God （《圣经》中的）十诫./dɪˈkæmp; dɪ`kæmp/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) go away suddenly and often secretly (taking sth with one) （突然而常为秘密地）（携某物）逃走: She has decamped with all our money. 她携带我们所有的钱潜逃了.  2 [I] leave a camp or a place where one has camped 撤营; 离开宿营地: The soldiers decamped at dawn. 士兵在黎明时撤离了营地./dɪˈkænt; dɪ`kænt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) pour (wine, etc) from a bottle into another container, esp slowly so that the sediment is left behind 将（酒等）自瓶中倒入另一容器（尤指慢倒以留下沉淀）.n (usu decorative) glass bottle with a stopper into which wine, etc may be decanted before serving （通常为有装饰的）带瓶塞的玻璃瓶（用以盛除去沉淀的酒等）. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图./dɪˈkæpɪteɪt; dɪ`kæpəˌtet/ v [Tn] cut the head off (esp a person or an animal) 杀头（可指人或动物）. /dɪˌkpɪˈteɪʃn; dɪˌkæpə`teʃən/ n [U, C].=> decarbonize/ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz; di`kɑrbənˌaɪz/ (also infml 口语亦作 decoke) v [Tn] remove carbon from (esp the cylinders of an internal combustion engine) 除去（尤指内燃机汽缸）中的碳./dɪˈkθliːt; dɪ`kæθˌlit/ n athlete who competes in a decathlon 完成十项全能运动的运动员./dɪˈkæθlɒn; dɪ`kæθlɑn/ n athletic contest in which each participant must take part in all of ten events 十项全能运动./dɪˈkeɪ; dɪ`ke/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad; rot; decompose （使某物）变坏, 腐烂, 变质: decaying teeth, vegetables 龋齿、腐烂的蔬菜 * Sugar decays your teeth. 糖能腐蚀牙齿.  2 [I] lose power, vigour, influence, etc 失去权力、活力、影响等: a decaying culture, society, regime, etc 衰退的文化、社会、政权等 * Our powers decay (ie We become less strong, alert, etc) in old age. 我们的体力、精力在老年时就衰退.

n [U] (state reached by the process of) decaying 腐败、衰退的状态: `tooth decay 蛀牙 * The empire is in decay. 帝国在衰亡. * The feudal system slowly fell into decay, ie stopped working. 封建制度在缓慢地衰亡./dɪˈsiːs; dɪ`sis/ n [U] (law or fml 律或文) death (of a person) （人的）死亡.adj dead 死的: a deceased father, uncle, spouse, etc 已故的父亲、叔父、配偶等 * Both her parents are deceased. 她的双亲均已辞世./dɪˈsiːt; dɪ`sit/ n  1 [U] deliberately leading sb to believe or accept sth that is false, usu so as to get sth for oneself; deceiving 欺骗; 欺诈: practice deceit on sb 对某人进行欺骗 * She won her promotion by deceit. 她用欺骗手段得以晋升.  2 [C] dishonest act or statement 不诚实的行为或言语: She got them to hand over all their money by a wicked deceit. 她用卑鄙的手段使他们把所有的钱移交给她./dɪˈsiːtfl; dɪ`sitfəl/ adj  1 often deceiving people; dishonest 惯于欺骗的; 不诚实的: You've been going there without telling me, you deceitful child! 你一直在瞒着我到那地方去, 你这不诚实的孩子!  2 intended to mislead 有意误导的: deceitful words, behaviour 使人 受骗的话、行为. /-fʊlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U]./dɪˈsiːv; dɪ`siv/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sb/oneself (into doing sth) make sb believe sth that is not true (so as to make him do sth); deliberately mislead sb 欺骗某人（去做某事）; 使自己信以为真（去做某事）; 故意使（某人）误解: You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself (into thinking you can). 不努力是考不及格的, 因此不要欺骗自己（以为可以及格）. * We were deceived into believing that he could help us. 我们受骗了, 还以为他能帮助我们. * His friendly manner did not deceive us for long. 他那热情的样子并没把我们欺骗多久.  2 ~ sb (with sb) be sexually unfaithful to (one's spouse, etc) （指性行为）对（配偶等）不忠: He's been deceiving his wife with another woman for months. 他几个月来一直瞒着妻子与另一女人来往./-və(r); -vɚ/ n person who deceives 骗子./ˌdiːˈseləreɪt; di`sɛləˌret/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down （使某物）减速. Cf 参看 accelerate./ˌdiːseləˈreɪʃn; diˌsɛlə`reʃən/ n [U] (a) slowing down or being caused to slow down 减速. (b) rate of decrease of speed per unit of time 单位时间内的减速率./dɪˈsembə(r); dɪ`sɛmbɚ/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Dec) the twelfth month of the year, next after November 十二月. For the uses of December see the examples at April. 关于December的用法见April词条中的示例./ˈdiːsnsɪ; `disnsɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being or appearing as respectable people would wish 正派; 端庄; 高雅; 体面: an offence against decency, eg appearing naked in public 有伤风化之举（如当众裸体） * Have the decency to (ie Be polite and) apologize for what you did! 讲点礼貌, 为你所做的事道歉!  2 the decencies [pl] standards of respectable behaviour in society 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准: We must observe the decencies and attend the funeral. 我们要遵照礼仪参加葬礼./ˈdiːsnt; `disnt/ adj  1 (a) proper; acceptable 适当的; 可接受的: We must provide decent housing for the poor. 我们必须为穷苦人提供适当的住房. * The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备. * He's done the decent thing and resigned. 他做了件体面的事, 辞职了. (b) not likely to shock or embarrass others; modest 不致使别人吃惊或难堪的; 适度的; 得体的: That dress isn't decent. 那件连衣裙不够体面. * (infml 口) Are you decent? ie Are you properly dressed? 你的穿戴得体吗? * Never tell stories that are not decent, ie that are obscene. 切勿讲不雅的故事. Cf 参看 indecent.  2 satisfactory; quite good 令人满意的; 相当好的: earn a decent wage, living, etc 赚可观的工资、生活费等 * That was quite a decent lunch. 那顿午餐相当不错. * They're a decent firm to work for, ie They treat their employees well. 在那家公司工作挺不错. * He's a thoroughly decent (ie honourable) man. 他是个极为正直的人.adv in a decent(1, 2) manner 合适地; 适度地; 体面地: decently dressed 衣着体面的 * behave decently 规规矩矩地行事.=> decentralization=> decentralize/ˌdiːsentrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; ˌdisɛntrələ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈsentrəlaɪz; di`sɛntrəlˌaɪz/ v [I, Tn]  1 transfer (power, authority, etc) from central government to regional government 权力下放; 将（权力、权限等）自中央政府转到地方政府: If we decentralize, the provinces will have more autonomy. 我们把权力下放, 各省就有更多的自主权.  2 distribute (industry, workers, population, etc) over a wider area away from the centre 将（工业、工人、人口等）自集中点分散到较大的区域内. /dɪˈsepʃn; dɪ`sɛpʃən/ n  1 [U] deceiving or being deceived 欺骗: obtain sth by deception 用欺骗手段获得某事物 * practise deception on the public 欺骗公众.  2 [C] trick intended to deceive 骗术; 诡计: It was an innocent deception, meant as a joke. 那是无伤大雅的鬼把戏, 开个玩笑而已./dɪˈseptɪv; dɪ`sɛptɪv/ adj likely to deceive; misleading 可能欺骗的; 导致误解的: Appearances are often deceptive, ie Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的. * Her simple style is deceptive: what she has to say is very profound. 别以为她的工作方法简单, 她说出话来是很有分量的. adv: The tank is deceptively small: it actually holds quite a lot. 这容器看上去很小, 实际上可以装很多东西.comb form 构词成分 (in the metric system) one tenth part of （公制的）十分之一: decilitre * decimetre. =>App 11 见附录11./ˈdesɪbel; `dɛsəˌbɛl/ n unit for measuring the relative loudness of sounds, or for measuring power levels in electrical communications 分贝./dɪˈsaɪd; dɪ`saɪd/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] settle (a dispute, an issue or a case); give a judgement on (sth) 解决（争端、问题或案件）; 对（某事物）作出判断: The judge will decide (the case) tomorrow. 法官明天判决此案. * It's difficult to decide between the two. 很难在这两者之间决定取舍. * The judge decided for/against the plaintiff. 法官判决原告胜诉[败诉]. * Her argument decided the issue in his favour. 她的论据促成问题的解决对他有利.  2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ (on/against sth/sb) consider and come to a conclusion; make up one's mind; resolve 考虑後作出决定; 下决心; 决定: With so many choices, it's hard to decide (what to buy). 有这么多可选择的, 真难决定（买什么）. * After seeing all the candidates we've decided on (ie chosen) this one. 我们见了所有的候选人, 决定选这位. * decide against changing one's job 决定不改变工作 * I never thought she'd decide that! 我从来没想到她会决定此事! * It has been decided that the book should be revised. 已经决定这本书要重新修订. * She decided not to go alone. 她决定不单独去. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tw] (of events, actions, etc) have an important, definite effect on (sth) （指事件、行动等）对某事物有重要的、肯定的效果: I wanted to be a painter, but circumstances decided otherwise, ie forced me to be something else. 我本想当画家, 可是环境对我另作安排. * A chance meeting decided my career. 偶然的会面决定了我的事业. * This last game will decide who is to be champion. 最後一局将决定谁是冠军.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] cause (sb) to reach a decision 使（某人）作出决定: What finally decided you against it? 是什么事情使你最後决定不做此事? * That decided me to leave my job. 那件事使我决定离职.adj  1 [attrib 作定语] clear; definite 清楚的; 明确的; 肯定的: There is a decided difference between the two sisters. 这对姐妹之间有明显不同之处. * a person of decided views 有明确看法的人.  2 ~ (about sth) determined 坚决的; 坚定的: a decided effort to improve sales 提高销售量的坚决努力 * He won't go: he's quite decided about it. 他绝不去: 他对此事很坚定. decidedly adv definitely; undoubtedly 肯定地; 无疑地: I feel decidedly unwell this morning. 我今天上午确实感到不舒服.n game, race, etc to settle a contest between competitors who have previously finished equal 在成平局的竞赛者之间决定胜负的一局、比赛等./dɪˈsɪdjʊəs, dɪˈsɪdʒʊəs; dɪ`sɪdʒᴜəs/ adj (of a tree) that loses its leaves annually, usu in autumn （指树木）每年（通常在秋季）落叶的: deciduous forests 落叶林. Cf 参看 evergreen. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i./ˈdesɪliːtə(r); `dɛsəˌlitɚ/ n unit of capacity in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a litre 分升（十分之一升）./ˈdesɪml; `dɛsəml/ adj based on or reckoned in tens or tenths 十进位的: decimal coinage/currency 十进币制.

n (also decimal fraction) fraction expressed in tenths, hundredths, etc （以十分之一、百分之一等表示的）小数: The decimal 0.61 stands for 61 hundredths. 小数0.61代表百分之六十一. =>App 4 见附录4.dot or point placed after the unit figure in the writing of decimals, eg in 15.61 小数点（如15.61中的小数点）.system of numbers, measures or currency based on the number ten 十进制.=> decimalization=> decimalize/ˌdesɪməlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; ˌdɛsəməlɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./-məlaɪz; -məˌlaɪz/ v  1 [Tn] express a number as a decimal fraction 以小数表示一数字: 1 decimalized is 1.5. 1以小数表示为1.5.  2 [I, Tn] change (currency) to a decimal system 将（货币）改为十进制: The country decided to decimalize (its coinage). 这个国家决定将货币改为十进制. /ˈdesɪmeɪt; `dɛsəˌmet/ v [Tn] (a) kill or destroy a large part of (sth) 杀死或毁坏（某物）之大部: Disease has decimated the population. 疾病使大部分人死亡. (b) (infml 口) reduce (sth) considerably 相当程度地减少、降低（某事物）: Student numbers have been decimated by cuts in grants. 助学金削减後, 学生人数大大减少. /desɪˈmeɪʃn; ˌdɛsə`meʃən/ n [U]./ˈdesɪmiːtə(r); `dɛsəˌmitɚ/ n unit of length in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a metre 分米（一米的十分之一）./dɪˈsaɪfə(r); dɪ`saɪfɚ/ v [Tn, Tw] succeed in understanding (a coded message, bad handwriting, etc) 破译（密码）; 辩认（潦草字迹）: I can't decipher what is inscribed on the pillar. 我认不出刻在柱子上的是什么. * (infml 口) Can you decipher her scrawl? 你能辨认出她乱写的是什么吗?/dɪˈsaɪfrəbl; dɪ`saɪfrəbl/ adj that can be deciphered 可译解的; 可破译的; 可辨认得出的./dɪˈsɪʒn; dɪ`sɪʒən/ n  1 ~ (on/against sth); ~ (to do sth) (a) [U] deciding; making up one's mind 决定; 决心: It's a matter for personal decision, ie Everybody must decide for themselves. 这是须由个人作决定的问题. (b) [C] conclusion reached; judgement 得到的结论; 判断: arrive at/come to/make/reach a decision 作出决定 * his decision against going on holiday 他不休假的决定 * We took the difficult decision to leave. 我们好不容易才作出离开的决定. * Her decision to retire surprised us all. 她决定退休, 我们大为惊讶. * give a decision on an issue 就某问题作出决定 * The judge's decision was to award damages to the defendant. 法官判决赔偿被告损失. * Discussion should be part of the decision-making process. 进行讨论该是作决定的过程.  2 [U] ability to decide quickly 迅速决定的能力: Anyone who lacks decision (ie who hesitates, can't decide questions) shouldn't be a leader. 不果断的人不应做领导./dɪˈsaɪsɪv; dɪ`saɪsɪv/ adj  1 having a particular, important or conclusive effect 有特殊、重要或决定性效果的: a decisive victory, battle, moment 决定性的胜利、战役、时刻 * The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛决定胜负的因素.  2 having or showing the ability to decide quickly 果断的; 决断的: a decisive person, answer, manner 果断的人、回答、方式 * Be decisive  tell them exactly what you think should be done! 果断些--确切地告诉他们你认为应该怎么做! adv: act, answer decisively 果断地行动、回答. n [U]./dek; dɛk/ n  1 (a) any of the floors of a ship in or above the hull 甲板: My cabin is on E deck. 我的舱位在E层甲板. * below deck(s), ie in(to) the space under the main deck 在主甲板之下. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图. (b) any similar area, eg the floor of a bus 任何类似甲板的地方（如公共汽车的层面）: the top deck of a double-decker bus 双层公共汽车的顶层.  2 (esp US) pack of playing-cards 一副纸牌.  3 (a) platform on which the turntable and pick-up arm of a record-player rest 电唱机的转盘及拾音器臂的支托面. (b) device for holding and playing magnetic tape, discs, etc in sound-recording equipment or a computer 录音设备或计算机中放磁带或磁盘的装置.  4 (idm 习语) clear the decks => clear3. hit the deck => hit1. on deck (a) on the main deck of a ship 在船的主甲板上. (b) (esp US) ready for action, duty, etc 准备行动、执行任务等.

v [Tn] (US infml 口) knock (sb) to the ground 将（某人）打倒在地: He decked him with his first punch. 他第一拳就把他打倒在地.

/dek; dɛk/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (out) (in/with sth) decorate sb/sth 装饰某人[某物]: streets decked with flags 挂着旗子的街道 * She was decked out in her finest clothes. 她穿着她最好的衣服.n portable folding chair with a (usu) canvas seat on a wood or metal frame, used out of doors, eg in parks and on the beach （户外用的）摺叠帆布躺椅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.n member of a ship's crew who works on deck 在甲板上工作的海员./dɪˈkleɪm; dɪ`klem/ v  1 [I, Tn] speak (sth) as if addressing an audience （像演讲般）说（话）: A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry, ie recites it formally and with great feeling. 他朗诵自己的诗歌.  2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会./ˌdekləˈmeɪʃn; ˌdɛklə`meʃən/ n (a) [U] declaiming 朗诵: the declamation of poetry 诗歌朗诵. (b) [C] formal speech, esp one made with great feeling 正式演说; （尤指）慷慨陈词./dɪˈklmətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; dɪ`klæmə-ˌtɔrɪ/ adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling 正式的及遣词讲究的; （说话）慷慨激昂的: her high-flown declamatory style 她的夸张而雄辩的风格./ˌdekləˈreɪʃn; ˌdɛklə`reʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] declaring; formally announcing 宣言; 宣布; 正式声明: He was in favour of the declaration of a truce. 他赞成宣布停战. (b) [C] formal announcement 宣言; 公告: a declaration of war 宣战 * the Declaration of Human Rights, ie by the United Nations, stating an individual's basic rights 人权宣言.  2 [C] written notification 书面通知: a declaration of income, ie made to the tax authorities 收益申报（向税务部门所做的） * a customs declaration, ie a form giving details of the contents of a parcel, consignment, etc on which duty may be payable 报关单（详列包裹、托运品中应纳税项目的申报表）./dɪˈkleə(r); dɪ`klɛr/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] formally announce (sth); make known clearly 正式宣布（某事）; 表明: `I'm not coming with you  and that's final!' declared Mary. ｀我不跟你去--这是最後决定!＇玛丽郑重地说. * declare that the war is over 宣布战争结束 * They then declared (to us all) what had been decided. 他们然後（对我们全体）宣布所作出的决定. * They declared him (to be) the winner. 他们宣布他为得胜者. * I declare the meeting closed. 我宣布会议结束. (b) [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] say (sth) solemnly 郑重地说（某事）: He declared that he was innocent. 他郑重声明他是清白的. * She was declared (to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪.  2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth/sb say that one is/is not in favour of sth/sb 表示赞成[不赞成]某事物[某人]: The commission declared against the proposed scheme. 委员会反对所提的计划.  3 [Tn] tell the tax authorities about (one's income), or customs officers about (dutiable goods brought into a country) 向税务部门申报（自己的收益）或向海关官员申报（应纳税的物品）: You must declare all you have earned in the last year. 你必须申报去年的总收入. * Have you anything to declare? 你有什么要申报纳税的吗?  4 [I, Cn.a] (in cricket) choose to end one's team's innings before all ten wickets have fallen （板球）（在十个击球员并未全部出局时）宣布本队不再继续击球: The captain declared (the innings closed) at a score of 395 for 5 wickets. 队长在五人出局得395分时宣布不再继续击球.  5 (idm 习语) declare an/one's `interest reveal to others any facts that might be thought to influence one's opinions or actions on a particular issue 申报利益. declare trumps (in card-games) say which suit will be trumps （纸牌戏中）宣布哪一花色牌为王牌. declare `war (on/against sb) announce that one is at war (with sb) （向某人）宣战: War has been declared. 已经宣战了.adj [attrib 作定语] that sb has openly admitted to be such 公开宣称的: He's a declared atheist. 他自称是无神论者. * Her declared ambition is to become a politician. 她公开声称她的抱负是要当政治家./ˌdiːˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; `diˌklæsəfə`ke-ʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈklæsɪfaɪ; di`klæsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] declare (information) to be no longer secret 宣布（资料）不再保密: Plans for nuclear plants have been declassified. 建造核装备的计划已不再保密. /dɪˈklenʃn; dɪ`klɛnʃən/ n (grammar) (a) [U] varying the endings of nouns and pronouns according to their function in a sentence （名词和代词在句中的）词尾变化. Cf 参看 case1 8. (b) [C] class of words with the same range of endings for the different cases (case1 8) 在各格中词尾同形的一类词: In Latin, the nominative case of first declension nouns ends in `a'. 在拉丁文中, 属于第一类词形变化的名词的主格以a结尾./ˌdeklɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdɛklə`neʃən/ n [U, C] (physics 物) deviation of the needle of a compass, east or west from true north （罗盘指针的）偏差（如正北偏东或偏西）; 磁偏角./dɪˈklaɪn; dɪ`klaɪn/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tt] say `no' to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politely 拒绝（接受某物）; （通常指）谢绝: I invited her to join us, but she declined. 我邀请她和我们在一起, 可是她婉言谢绝了. * decline an invitation to dinner 谢绝宴请 * He declined to discuss his plans. 他拒绝讨论他的计划.  2 [I] become smaller, weaker, fewer, etc; diminish 变小; 变弱; 变少: Her influence declined after she lost the election. 她落选後其影响力大为降低. * a declining birth-rate 逐渐下降的出生率 * declining sales 销售量下降 * He spent his declining years (ie those at the end of his life) in the country. 他在乡村度过晚年.  3 (grammar) (a) [Tn] vary the endings of (nouns and pronouns) according to their function in a sentence 改变（名词和代词）的词尾（根据其在句中的作用）. (b) [I] (of nouns and pronouns) vary in this way （指名词和代词）按此方式变化.

/dɪˈklaɪn; dɪ`klaɪn/ n  1 ~ (in sth) gradual and continuous loss of strength, power, numbers, etc; declining （力量、权力、数量等的）消减: the decline of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的衰亡 * a decline in population, prices, popularity 人口、价格、声望的降低.  2 (idm 习语) fall/go into a de`cline lose strength, influence, etc 失去力量、影响等: After his wife's death, he fell into a decline. 他在妻子死後一蹶不振. * The company has gone into a decline because of falling demand. 由于市场需求下降, 这家公司的生意每况愈下. on the de`cline becoming weaker, fewer, etc 在消减; 在衰退: She is on the decline, and may die soon. 她身体越来越弱, 恐不久于人世. * The number of robberies in the area is on the decline. 这地区的劫案在减少./dɪˈklɪvətɪ; dɪ`klɪvətɪ/ n (fml 文) downward slope 下斜. Cf 参看 acclivity./ˌdiːˈklʌtʃ; di`klʌtʃ/ v [I] disconnect the clutch (of a motor vehicle) before changing gear 分离（机动车辆的）离合器（以便换挡）./ˌdiːˈkəʊd; di`kod/ v [Tn] (a) find the meaning of (sth written in code) 译（码）; 解（码）. (b) analyse and interpret (an electronic signal) 分析及译解电子信号. Cf 参看 encode.n (a) person or device that changes a code into understandable language 译码员; 译码器. (b) device that decodes an electronic signal 译解电子信号的机器./ˌdiːˈkəʊk; di`kok/ v [Tn] (infml 口) = decarbonize./ˌdeɪkɒlˈtɑːʒ; ˌdekɑl`tɑʒ/ n [U] (French 法) low neckline (on a dress, etc) 袒胸露肩衣的低领./deɪˈkɒlteɪ; <i>US</i> -kɒlˈteɪ; ˌdekɑl`te/ adj (French 法) (a) (of a dress, etc) with a low neckline （指连衣裙等）低领的, 袒胸露肩的. (b) [pred 作表语] (of a woman) wearing a dress, etc with a low neckline （指妇女）穿低领衣, 穿袒胸露肩衣: She was daringly decollete. 她大胆地穿着袒胸露肩的衣服.=> decolonization=> decolonize/ˌdiː ˌkɒlənaɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -nɪˈz-; ˌdiˌkɑlənə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈkɒlənaɪz; di`kɑləˌnaɪz/ v [I, Tn] give independent status to (a colony) 给（殖民地）独立地位; 使非殖民化. /ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz; ˌdikəm`poz/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad or rotten; decay （使某物）变坏, 腐烂: a decomposing corpse 腐尸.  2 [Tn] separate (a substance, light, etc) into its parts 分解（某物质、光线等）: A prism decomposes light. 棱镜可以分解光线. /ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; ˌdikɑmpə`zɪʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːkəmˈpres; ˌdikəm`prɛs/ v [Tn] (a) gradually release the air pressure on (esp a deep-sea diver returning to the surface) 给（尤指重返水面的深海潜水者）逐渐减压. (b) reduce compression in (a chamber, vessel, etc) 减低（气室、容器等）内的压力. /ˌdiːkəmˈpreʃn; ˌdikəm`prɛʃən/ n [U]: [attrib 作定语] a decompression chamber, ie one in which divers may return to normal pressure 减压室（潜水者于其中可恢复到正常压力）./ˌdiːkənˈdʒestənt; ˌdikən`dʒɛstənt/ n [C, U] (medicine 药) substance that relieves congestion, esp in the nose 消除（尤指鼻中）充血的药物. 

adj: decongestant tablets 减轻充血的药片./ˌdiːkənˈtæmɪneɪt; ˌdikən`tæməˌnet/ v [Tn] remove (esp radioactive) contamination from (a building, clothes, an area, etc) （自建筑物、衣物、地区等）排除（尤指放射性的）污染. /ˌdiːkənˌtmɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdikənˌtæmə`neʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːkənˈtrəʊl; ˌdikən`trol/ v (-ll-) [Tn] remove controls (such as those imposed by a government during a war or an emergency) from (trade in certain goods) 解除对（某些货物交易）的控制或管制./ˈdeɪkɔː(r); <i>US</i> deɪˈkɔːr; de`kɔr/ n [U, sing] furnishing and decoration of a room, stage, etc （房间、舞台等的）布置, 装饰: a stylish, modern decor 有风格的、现代的装饰 * Who designed the decor? 这装潢是谁设计的?/ˈdekəreɪt; `dɛkəˌret/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make sth (more) beautiful by adding ornaments to it 装饰某事物: Bright posters decorate the streets. 鲜艳的广告招贴画点缀着街道. * The building was decorated with flags. 这座建筑物有旗子作装饰. * decorate a Christmas tree with coloured lights 用彩色灯装饰圣诞树.  2 [I, Tn] put paint, plaster, wallpaper, etc on (a room, house, etc) 在（房屋等）上添加漆、泥灰、壁纸等: We're decorating (the kitchen) again this summer. 今年夏天我们又要修饰厨房.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) give a medal or some other award to sb 授予某人奖章或其他奖状: Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. 有几名士兵因英勇而获奖章./ˌdekəˈreɪʃn; ˌdɛkə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] decorating or being decorated 装饰; 装潢: When will they finish the decoration of the bathroom? 他们什么时候才把盥洗室装饰好?  2 [U, C] thing used for decorating 装饰品: the carved decoration around the doorway 门口周围的雕刻装饰 * Christmas decorations 圣诞节装饰品.  3 [C] medal, ribbon, etc given and worn as an honour or award 奖章; 绶带./ˈdekərətɪv; <i>US</i> ˈdekəreɪtɪv; `dɛkəˌretɪv/ adj that makes sth look (more) beautiful 装饰的; 作装饰用的: decorative icing on the cake 糕点上的装饰性糖霜 * The coloured lights are very decorative. 有这些彩灯大为生色.n person whose job is painting and wallpapering rooms, houses, etc （给房屋等）粉刷和糊壁纸的人: Arthur Jones, painter and decorator 油漆粉刷修饰工阿瑟·琼斯./ˈdekərəs; `dɛkərəs/ adj dignified and socially acceptable 端庄得体的: decorous behaviour, speech 高雅的举止、言谈. adv./dɪˈkɔːrəm; dɪ`kɔrəm/ n [U] dignified and socially acceptable behaviour 端庄得体: In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. 我们的儿子在来访的长辈面前彬彬有礼./ˈdiːkɔɪ; `dikɔɪ/ n (a) (real or imitation) bird or animal used to attract others so that they can be shot or trapped （用于诱捕鸟兽的）动物（或仿制物）. (b) (fig 比喻) person or thing used to lure sb into a position of danger 用于引诱某人落入圈套的人或物.

/dɪˈkɔɪ; dɪ`kɔɪ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] trick (a person or an animal) into a place of danger by using a decoy 用诱饵诱骗（某人或动物）落入圈套: He was decoyed by a false message (into entering enemy territory). 他被假情报诱骗（进入敌区）./dɪˈkriːs; dɪ`kris/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller or fewer; diminish （使某物）变小或变少; 减少: Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500名. * Interest in the sport is decreasing. 人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡薄.

/ˈdiːkriːs; `dikris/ n  1 ~ (in sth) (a) [U] decreasing; reduction 减少; 降低: some decrease in the crime rate 犯罪率的少许降低. (b) [C] amount by which sth decreases 减少的量: a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation 通货膨胀率降低3% * There has been a decrease in imports. 进口货物有所减少.  2 (idm 习语) on the `decrease decreasing 在减少: Is crime on the decrease? 犯罪案件是否在减少?/dɪˈkriː; dɪ`kri/ n  1 order given by a ruler or an authority and having the force of a law 命令; 法令: issue a decree 颁布法令 * rule by decree, ie without seeking people's consent 以法令统治（不徵求人民的同意）.  2 judgement or decision of certain law-courts （法院的）判决, 裁定.

v (pt, pp decreed) [Tn, Tf, Tw] order (sth) (as if) by decree 发布（命令）; 颁布（法令）: The governor decreed a day of mourning. 地方长官发布哀悼一日的命令. * (fig 比喻) Fate decreed that they would not meet again. 他们受命运的安排再也不能相会.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When talking about giving orders, decree and dictate can be used of individuals in positions of authority. 谈到发命令, decree和dictate均可指下达者为掌权的个人. Decree usually suggests the public announcement of a decision made by a ruler or government without consulting others *decree通常指统治者或政府不与别人商议而公开宣布的决定: The dictator decreed that his birthday would be a public holiday. 该独裁者发布命令, 将其生日定为公众假期. Dictate indicates people using their power over others *dictate用以指人用权力支配他人: Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary. 她因其技术奇货可居, 故可以主宰自己的薪金待遇. Ordain and prescribe suggest a more impersonal authority such as the law. *ordain和prescribe多用以指如法律等非个人的权力. Ordain is formal and can be used of God *ordain含庄重色彩, 可用以指上帝: Is it ordained in heaven that women should work in the home? 女人就该在家里干活儿, 这是上天的旨意吗? Prescribe is used of the law *prescribe用于法律方面: Regulations prescribe certain standards for building materials. 有规章规定建筑材料的某些标准.order of a lawcourt by which two people are finally divorced 法院作出的离婚判决./ˈnaɪsɪ, ˈnaɪsaɪ; `naɪsaɪ/ order of a lawcourt that two people will be divorced after a fixed period, unless good reasons are given why they should not （除非有正当理由, 否则在指定日期後即行生效的）离婚判决令./dɪˈkrepɪt; dɪ`krɛpɪt/ adj made weak by age or hard use 衰老的; 老朽的; 破旧的: a decrepit person, horse, bicycle 苍老的人、衰老的马、破旧的自行车./dɪˈkrepɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; dɪ`krɛpɪtud/ n [U] state of being decrepit 衰老; 老朽; 破旧./dɪˈkraɪ; dɪ`kraɪ/ v (pt, pp decried) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) speak critically of sb/sth to make him/it seem less valuable, useful, etc; disparage sb/sth 诋毁某人[某事物]以贬低其价值: He decried her efforts (as a waste of time). 他贬低她所作的努力（认为是浪费时间）./ˈdedɪkeɪt; `dɛdəˌket/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sth give or devote (oneself, time, effort, etc) to(a noble cause or purpose) 将（自己、时间、精力等）奉献给（崇高的事业或目的）: She dedicated her life to helping the poor. 她毕生致力于帮助穷人. * dedicate oneself to one's work 献身于自己的工作.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb address (one's book, a piece of one's music, etc) to sb as a way of showing respect, by putting his name at the beginning 在（自己所着之书、音乐作品等）的前部题献词: She dedicated her first book to her husband. 她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) devote (a church, etc) with solemn ceremonies (to God, to a saint or to sacred use) 以庄严的仪式将（教堂等）奉献（给上帝、圣徒等）: The chapel was dedicated in 1880. 这座小教堂于1880年举行献堂礼. Cf 参看 consecrate.adj  1 devoted to sth; committed 献身于某事物的; 专心致志的: a dedicated worker, priest, teacher, etc 有献身精神的工作者、牧师、教师等.  2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of computer equipment) designed for one particular purpose only （尤指计算机设备）为某特殊目的而设计的, 专用的: a dedicated word processor 专门的文字处理机./ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌdɛdə`keʃən/ n ~ (to sth)  1 [U] devotion to a cause or an aim 对某事业或目的的忠诚; 奉献: I admire the priest's dedication. 我钦佩这位牧师的奉献精神.  2 (a) [U] action of dedicating a book, piece of music, etc to sb 题献词. (b) [C] words used in doing this 献词.  3 [U] dedicating (of a church, etc) （教堂的）献堂礼; 启用典礼./dɪˈdjuːs; dɪ`djus/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (from sth) arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth 用推理的方法获致（实情、理论等）; 演绎; 推断: If a = b and b = c, we can deduce that a = c. 设a = b, b = c, 可以推断a = c. * Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. 侦探根据所掌握的线索推断出作案的人./dɪˈdjuːsəbl; <i>US</i> dɪˈduːsəbl; dɪ`dusəbl/ adj that may be deduced 可以推断的; 可以演绎的./dɪˈdʌkt; dɪ`dʌkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take away (an amount or a part) 减去; 扣除: Tax is deducted from your salary. 税款从薪金中扣除. Cf 参看 subtract./dɪˈdʌktəbl; dɪ`dʌktəbl/ adj that may be deducted from one's taxable earnings （从应纳税的收入中）可扣除的: Money spent on business expenses is deductible. 业务方面的开支是可扣除税款的./dɪˈdʌkʃn; dɪ`dʌkʃən/ n ~ (from sth)  1 (a) [U] reasoning from general principles to a particular case; deducing 推演; 推理; 演绎: a philosopher skilled in deduction 擅长推理的哲学家. (b) [C] conclusion reached by reasoning （推理所得出的）结论: It's an obvious deduction that she is guilty. 推断出的明显结论是她有罪. Cf 参看 induction 3.  2 (a) [U] deducting 扣除; 减除: the deduction of tax from earnings 从收入中扣除税金. (b) [C] amount deducted 扣除的量: deductions from pay for insurance and pension 自工资中扣出作保险金和退休金的数额./dɪˈdʌktɪv; dɪ`dʌktɪv/ adj of, using or reasoning by deduction(1a) 推理的; 运用推理的; 以演绎去推断的. adv./diːd; did/ n  1 (fml 文) act; thing done 行动; 所做之事: be rewarded for one's good deeds 因做好事而受到奖赏 * deeds of heroism 英雄事迹 * Deeds are better than words when people need help. 在需要帮助时, 行动胜于语言. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.  2 (often pl 常作复数) (law 律) signed agreement, esp about the ownership of property or legal rights 契约, 证书（尤指有关房地产或合法权利者）.signed promise to pay a regular amount of money annually to a person, society, etc enabling the receiver to reclaim in addition the tax paid on the amount by the giver 付款契据（承诺每年付予某人、某社团一定金额的契约, 受款人可据此兼获付款人为此款所付之税额）.legal deed made by one person only, esp to change his name 单边契据（尤指改名者）.n strong box for keeping deeds and other documents 契据文件保险箱./diːm; dim/ v [Tf, Tnt esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.a esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Cn.n] (fml 文) consider; regard 认为; 视为: He deemed that it was his duty to help. 他认为他有责任加以援助. * She was deemed (to be) the winner. 人们认为是她获胜. * It is deemed advisable. 这认为是可取的. * I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. 要我向诸位讲几句话, 我觉得非常荣幸./diːp; dip/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) extending a long way from top to bottom 深的（从顶端延伸到底部）: a deep well, river, trench, box 深的井、河、沟、箱子. Cf 参 看 shallow. (b) extending a long way from the surface or edge 深的（从表面或边缘延伸）: a deep wound, cleft, border, shelf 深进去的伤口、裂缝、边缘、搁板 * a big, deep-chested wrestler 身材魁梧、胸部很厚的摔角者. (c) (after ns, with words specifying how far 用于名词後, 与说明多远的词连用) extending down, back or in 深的（向下、向後、向里延伸）: water six feet deep 六英尺深的水 * a plot of land 100 feet deep, ie going back this distance from a road, fence, etc 深远达100英尺的土地 * People stood twenty deep (ie in lines of twenty people one behind the other) to see her go past. 人们一层层站成二十排以观看她经过的情形.  2 (a) [attrib 作定语] taking in or giving out a lot of air 深的（吸进或呼出大量空气）: a deep sigh/breath 深深的叹息[呼吸]. (b) going a long way down or through sth 深的（沿某物向下或穿过某物）: a deep thrust/dive 深刺[深潜].  3 (of sounds) low in pitch; not shrill （指声音）低沉的, 不尖锐的: a deep voice, note, rumbling, etc 低沉的嗓音、音调、隆隆声等.  4 (of sleep) from which one is not easily awakened （指睡眠）不易醒的, 酣睡的.  5 (of colours) strong; vivid （指颜色）浓重的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的: a deep red 深红色.  6 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth (a) far down in sth 在某物深远处: with his hands deep in his pockets 双手深插在衣袋里 * rocks deep in the earth 地下深处的岩石. (b) absorbed in sth; concentrating on sth 专心于或集中于某事物: deep in thought, study, a book 沉思、专心于学习, 全神贯注于书中. (c) very involved in sth; overwhelmed by sth 深陷于某事物; 被某事物的负担压倒: deep in debt, difficulties 深陷于债务、困难之中.  7 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (a) difficult to understand or find out 难以理解的; 难以发现的: a deep mystery, secret, etc 难以理解的奥妙、难以发现的秘密. (b) learned; profound 博学的; 渊博的; 造诣深的: a deep thinker 知识渊博的思想家 * a person with deep insight 具有远见卓识的人 * a deep discussion 深入的讨论. (c) concealing one's real feelings, motives, etc; devious 隐藏自己真正感情、动机等的; 狡猾的; 不诚实的: He's a deep one. 他是个城府很深的人.  8 (a) (of emotions) strongly felt; intense （指情感）可强烈感觉到的, 强烈的, 剧烈的: deep outrage, shame, sympathy, etc 强烈的愤怒、羞辱、同情心等. (b) extreme 极度的: in deep disgrace, trouble 在极度的耻辱、苦恼中.  9 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin deep => beauty. between the devil and the deep blue sea => devil1. go off the `deep end (infml 口) become extremely angry or emotional 变得极度愤怒或激动: When I said I'd broken it, she really went off the deep end. 我说我把它给弄坏了, 她可真气极了. in deep `water(s) in trouble or difficulty 处于麻烦或困难之中: Having lost her passport, she is now in deep water. 她丢了护照身陷困厄. of the blackest/deepest dye => dye2. throw sb in at the deep end (infml 口) introduce sb to the most difficult part of an activity, esp one for which he is not prepared 使某人做最困难的事（尤指其无准备的）.

/diːp; dip/ adv (-er, -est)  1 far down or in 深深地: We had to dig deeper to find water. 我们必须再挖深些才能找到水. * They dived deep into the ocean. 他们深深地潜入海中. * The gold lies deep in the earth. 黄金埋藏于地下深处. * He went on studying deep into the night. 他继续学习至深夜.  2 (idm 习语) deep `down (infml 口) in reality; in spite of appearances 实际上; 在心底: She seems indifferent, but deep down she's very pleased. 她貌似无动于衷, 其实心里非常高兴. go `deep (of attitudes, beliefs, etc) be strongly and naturally held or felt （指态度、信仰等）强烈, 坚定: Her faith goes very deep. 她的信念很坚定. * Your maternal instincts go deeper than you think. 你的母性本能远比你想像的强. still waters run deep => still1.

/diːp; dip/ n the deep [sing] (dated or fml 旧或文) the sea 海洋.far distant regions beyond the earth's atmosphere or the solar system 深空（地球大气层外或太阳系外遥远的空间）.v (pt deep-froze, pp deep-frozen) [Tn] freeze (food) quickly in order to preserve it for long periods 迅速冷冻（食物）（以便保存）:,deep-frozen `fish 速冻鱼.  n = freezer 1.v (pt, pp deep-fried) [Tn] fry (food) in hot fat that completely covers it 油炸（食物）. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of schemes, etc) secretly and carefully planned （指计划、阴谋等）秘密而仔细策划的.adj (of coal) taken from far down in the earth （指煤）从地下深处开采的. Cf 参看 open-cast (open1).adjs profound; not easily removed 深深的; 不易移动的: ,deep-rooted dis`like, `prejudice, su`spicion, etc 难以消除的憎恶、偏见、怀疑等 * The causes of the trouble are deep-seated. 这一问题的产生由来已久.adjs [attrib 作定语] of or in the deeper parts of the sea, away from the coast （远离海岸）在海水较深部分的: ,deep-sea `fishing 深海捕鱼 * a ,deep-sea `diver 深海潜水者.=> deep-rooted=> deep-sea/ˈdiːpən; `dipən/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become deep or deeper 变深; 使（某物）更深; 加深: The water deepened after the dam was built. 堤坝建成後水已加深. * The mystery deepens, ie becomes harder to understand. 这奥秘更难理解了. * deepen a channel 加深航道 * the deepening colours of the evening sky 逐渐昏暗的暮色.adv  1 a long way down or through sth 深深地: The dog bit deeply into his arm. 狗咬了他的胳臂, 咬得很深.  2 greatly; intensely 极大地; 强烈地: deeply interested, indebted, impressed 极感兴趣的、极为感激的、印象极深的 * She felt her mother's death deeply. 她对母亲的死深感悲痛.n [U]./dɪə(r); dɪr/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of several types of graceful, quick-running, ruminant animal, the male of which has antlers 鹿. =>illus 见插图.n [U] (leather made of) deer's skin 鹿皮; 鹿皮革: [attrib 作定语] ,deerskin `sandals 鹿皮凉鞋./ˈdɪəstɔːkə(r); `dɪrˌstɔkɚ/ n cloth cap with two peaks, one in front and the other behind, and flaps for covering the ears 猎鹿帽（有前後两个遮檐, 帽边可遮耳）. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图./dɪˈfeɪs; dɪ`fes/ v [Tn] spoil the appearance or legibility of (sth) by marking or damaging the surface 损坏（某物）的外观或清晰度: Don't deface library books. 不要污损图书馆的书籍. * The wall has been defaced with slogans. 那堵墙因贴有标语而面目全非.n [U] defacing or being defaced 损坏外表./ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn; ˌdɛfə`meʃən/ n [U] defaming or being defamed 诽谤; 中伤: defamation of character 对品性的中伤./dɪˈfæmətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; dɪ`fæməˌtɔrɪ/ adj intended to defame 诽谤的; 中伤的: a defamatory statement, book, etc 诽谤他人的言语、书等./dɪˈfeɪm; dɪ`fem/ v [Tn] attack the good reputation of (sb); say bad things about (sb) 破坏（某人）的声誉; 说（某人）的坏话; 诽谤; 中伤: The article is an attempt to defame an honest man. 这篇文章旨在诋毁一个正直的人./dɪˈfɔːlt; dɪ`fɔlt/ n  1 [U] (esp law 尤用于法律) failure to do sth, esp to pay a debt or appear in court 不做某事; （尤指）不还债, 不出庭.  2 (idm 习语) by de`fault because the other party, team, etc does not appear 因对方、他队等未出场: win a case/a game by default 因对方未出席[未出场]而赢得诉讼[比赛]. in default of sth/sb (fml 文) because or in case sth/sb is absent 因某物[某人]未在场; 在无某物[某人]时: He was acquitted in default of strong evidence of his guilt. 因无确凿证据而判他无罪. * The committee will not meet in default of a chairman. 没有主席委员会就不开会.

/dɪˈfɔːlt; dɪ`fɔlt/ v (a) [I] fail to do what one is supposed to do (eg to appear in a lawcourt) 未做应做的事（如出庭）; 不履行; 不到场; 不出庭: A party to the contract defaulted. 订契约的一方未到场. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) fail to pay (a debt, etc) 未付（债等）: default on hire purchase payments 未付应分期付的款.n  1 person who defaults 不履行职责者; 未到场者; 不出庭者; 未付款者.  2 soldier guilty of a military offence 触犯军纪的士兵./dɪˈfiːt; dɪ`fit/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] win a victory over (sb); overcome 战胜（某人）; 击败: The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle. 敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败. * He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) be puzzling for (sb); baffle 使（某人）困惑; 难住: I've tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me! 这个问题我想解决, 但把我难倒了! * Why you stay indoors on a beautiful day like this defeats me! 天气这样好你却呆在屋里, 真叫人莫名其妙!  3 [Tn] (a) stop (hopes, aims, etc) from becoming reality; thwart 使（希望、目的等）不能实现; 阻挠; 挫败: By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose. 你因不太努力, 所以达不到自己的目的. (b) prevent (an attempt, a proposal, etc) from succeeding 阻挠（一企图、提案等）: We've defeated moves to build another office block. 我们已否决另建一座办公楼的动议.

n (a) [U] defeating or being defeated 击败; 失败: suffer defeat 遭到失败 * I never consider the possibility of defeat. 我从未考虑有失败的可能性. (b) [C] instance of this 失败: six wins and two defeats for the team 该队之六胜二负./-ɪzəm; -ɪzəm/ n [U] attitude or behaviour that shows one expects not to succeed 失败主义: Not bothering to vote is a sure sign of defeatism. 连投票都不投, 纯粹是失败主义. /-ɪst; -ɪst/ n person who shows defeatism 失败主义者. -- adj: I don't approve of your defeatist attitude. 我不赞成你这种失败主义的态度./ˈdefəkeɪt; `dɛfəˌket/ v [I] (fml 文) push out waste from the body through the anus 排粪; 大便; 出恭. /ˌdefəˈkeɪʃn; ˌdɛfə`keʃən/ n [U]./ˈdiːfekt, also dɪˈfekt; `difɛkt, dɪ`fɛkt/ n fault or lack that spoils a person or thing 缺点; 不足之处; 毛病; 瑕疵: a defect of character 性格上的缺陷 * mechanical defects in a car 汽车的机械缺陷 * defects in the education system 教育制度的不足之处. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1.

/dɪˈfekt; dɪ`fɛkt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (to sth) leave a party, cause, country, etc, and go to another 背叛; 叛变; 叛党; 脱党; 叛国; 投敌; 变节: She defected from the Liberals and joined the Socialists. 她脱离自由党, 加入了社会党. * One of our spies has defected to the enemy. 我们的一名特工已叛变投敌. /dɪˈfekʃn; dɪ`fɛkʃən/ n ~ (from sth)  1 (a) [U] deserting a party, cause, religion, etc （对党派、事业、宗教等的）背叛, 叛变, 变节. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛; 叛变; 叛党; 脱党; 叛教; 变节: Discontent in the party will lead to further defections. 党内的不满情绪将导致更多的党员脱党.  2 (a) [U] leaving one's country permanently, usu because one disagrees with its political system 去国（通常因不赞同其政治制度）. (b) [C] instance of this 去国: defections from a racist system 脱离有种族歧视制度的祖国./dɪˈfektɪv; dɪ`fɛktɪv/ adj ~ (in sth) having a defect or defects; imperfect or incomplete 有缺点的; 不完美的; 不完全的: a defective machine, method, theory 有缺陷的机器、方法、理论 * defective in workmanship, character 技艺不高的、性格上有缺陷的 * Her hearing was found to be slightly defective. 她的听力稍弱. * a defective verb, ie one without the full range of endings that other verbs have, eg must 不完全变化动词（不似其他的有全部词尾变化的动词）. adv. n [U].n: a high-ranking defector seeking political asylum 寻求政治庇护的任高职的背叛者./dɪˈfens; dɪ`fɛns/ n  1 [U] ~ (against sth) (a) defending from attack; fighting against attack 防御; 防护; 保卫: They planned the defence of the town. 他们订出了该城的防御计划. * to fight in defence of one's country 为保卫祖国而战 * weapons of offence and defence 进攻的和防御的武器. (b) [C] weapon, barrier, etc used for defending or protecting 用于保卫或保护的武器、屏障等: The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. 修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防外人闯入. * The country's defences are weak. 该国的防御能力薄弱. * coastal defences, ie against attack from the sea 海岸防御工事 * Antibodies are the body's defences against infection. 抗体是身体抵御感染的武器. (c) [U] military measures for protecting a country 国防方面的军事措施: A lot of money is spent on defence. 国防方面的开支很大.  2 (a) [C, U] ~ (against sth) (esp legal) argument used to answer an accusation or support an idea （尤指法律上）答辩, 辩护: counsel for the defence 辩护律师 * The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client. 律师机智地为委托人辩护. * The book is a brilliant defence of (ie argues in favour of) our policies. 这本书出色地捍卫了我们的政策. * She spoke in defence of her religious beliefs. 她为其宗教信仰辩护. (b) the defence [Gp] lawyer(s) acting for an accused person 辩护律师: The defence argue/argues that the evidence is weak. 辩护律师提出理由认为证据不充分. Cf 参看 prosecution 2.  3 (sport 体) (a) [U] protection of a goal or part of the playing area from opponents' attacks 防守: She plays in defence. 她打後卫. (b) (usu 通常作 the defence) [Gp] members of a team involved in this 防守队员; 後卫: He has been brought in to strengthen the defence. 已请他来加强後卫力量. Cf 参看 offense. (c) [C] sporting contest in which a champion is challenged 冠军卫冕的比赛: his third successful defence of the title 他第三次卫冕成功.adj having no defence; unable to defend oneself 没有防卫的; 不能保护自己的: a defenceless child, animal, city 没有自卫能力的孩子、动物、城市. adv. n [U]./dɪˈfend; dɪ`fɛnd/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from/against sb/sth) (a) protect sb/sth from harm; guard sb/sth 保护某人[某物]免受伤害; 保卫某人[某事物]: When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 那狗扑向我时, 我用棍子自卫. * defend sb from attack, an attacker, injury 保护某人免受攻击、免遭袭击者攻打、以免受伤 * defend one's country against enemies 卫国抗敌. (b) act, speak or write in support of sb/sth 为支持某人[某事]而行动、说话或写文章: defend one's actions, cause, ideas, leader 为自己的行为、事业、想法、领导辩护 * The newspaper defended her against the accusations. 报纸为她辩护, 驳斥对她的指责. * defend a lawsuit, ie fight against it in court 对诉讼案进行辩护 * You'll need stronger evidence to defend your claim to the inheritance. 你需要更强有力的证据才能为你的遗产继承权进行辩护.  2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport 体) protect (the goal, etc) from one's opponents 防守（球门等）; 防卫: Some players are better at defending. 有些运动员较擅长打防卫. * They had three players defending the goal (against attack). 他们有三个队员防守球门. (b) [Tn] (of a sports champion) take part in a contest to keep (one's position) （指运动冠军）参加卫冕 的比赛: She's running to defend her 400 metres title. 她为蝉联400米冠军而参赛. /dɪˈfendənt; dɪ`fɛndənt/ n person accused or sued in a legal case 被告; 被告人. Cf 参看 plaintiff.n: He had to beat several defenders to score. 他要冲破几名後卫的拦截才能得分./dɪˈfensəbl; dɪ`fɛnsəbl/ adj that can be defended 可保卫的; 可防御的; 可辩护的: a defensible castle, position, theory 能防御的城堡、可防守的阵地、站得住脚的理论./dɪˈfensɪv; dɪ`fɛnsɪv/ adj  1 used for or intended for defending 防御用的; 防御性的: defensive warfare, measures 防御战、防御措施 * a defensive weapon system to destroy missiles approaching the country摧毁射向该国的导弹的防御武器系统.  2 ~ (about sb/sth) showing anxiety to avoid criticism or attack; hiding faults 防备批评或攻击的; 隐藏缺点的: When asked to explain her behaviour, she gave a very defensive answer. 有人问她为什么要这样做, 她则极力为自己辩解. * She's very defensive about her part in the affair. 她极力掩盖她在此事中充当的角色. Cf 参看 offensive 3.

n (idm 习语) on the defensive expecting to be attacked or criticized 进行防御; 采取守势: The team was thrown on(to) the defensive as their opponents rallied. 该队在对手重整旗鼓後, 被迫采取守势. * Talk about boy-friends always puts her on the defensive. 一谈到男朋友, 她总是戒心十足.adv.n [U]./dɪˈfɜː(r); dɪ`fɝ/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth 使（某事）延期; 推迟: deferred payment, ie made in instalments after purchase 分期付款 * defer one's departure to a later date 推迟行期 * defer making a decision 暂缓决定. 

/dɪˈfɜː(r); dɪ`fɝ/ v (-rr-) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth give way to sb or sb's wishes, judgement, etc, usu out of respect 服从某人的意愿、判断等; （通常为）遵从: On technical matters, I defer to the experts. 在技术问题上, 我遵从专家的意见. * I defer to your greater experience in such things. 在这些问题上, 我尊重你丰富的经验./ˈdefərəns; `dɛfərəns/ n [U]  1 giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect 遵从; 服从; 顺从; 尊敬; 尊重; 敬重: treat one's elders with due deference 以应有的尊敬对待较自己年长的人 * show deference to a judge 表示对裁判的尊重.  2 (idm 习语) in deference to sb/sth out of respect for sb/sth 出于对某人[某事物]的尊重: In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks. 我出于对主人的尊敬, 不对他那易引起争论的话表示异议./ˌdefəˈrenʃl; ˌdɛfə`rɛnʃəl/ adj showing deference 顺从的; 恭顺的. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv./dɪˈfɜːrəl; dɪ`fɝəl/ ns [U, C].=> defermentshares (share1 3) on which dividends are paid only after they have been paid on all other shares 延期付息股份./dɪˈfaɪəns; dɪ`faɪəns/ n  1 [U] open disobedience or resistance; refusal to give way to authority or opposition; defying 违抗; 反抗; 藐视; 蔑视: The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations. 抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令.  2 (idm 习语) glare defiance at sb/sth => glare2. in defiance of sb/sth in spite of sb/sth; ignoring sb/sth 不顾某人[某事物]; 无视某人[某事物]: act in defiance of orders 违抗命令的行动 * She wanted him to stay, but he left in defiance of her wishes. 她要他留下来, 但他并不理会, 还是走了./dɪˈfaɪənt; dɪ`faɪənt/ adj showing defiance; openly opposing or resisting sb/sth 违抗的; 反抗的; 藐视的; 蔑视的: a defiant manner, look, speech 蔑视的态度、神色、话语. adv./dɪˈfɪʃnsɪ; dɪ`fɪʃənsɪ/ n ~ (in/of sth)  1 (a) [U] state of lacking sth essential 缺乏; 缺少: Deficiency in vitamins/Vitamin deficiency can lead to illness. 身体缺乏维生素就会生病. (b) [C] instance of this; shortage 缺乏; 匮乏; 短缺: suffering from a deficiency of iron 患缺铁质症状 * deficiency diseases, ie those caused by a deficiency of eg vitamins in diet 营养缺乏病.  2 [C] lack of a necessary quality; fault 缺点; 缺陷; 毛病: She can't hide her deficiencies as a writer. 她无法掩盖她身为作家的不足之处./dɪˈfɪʃnt; dɪ`fɪʃənt/ adj (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ in sth lacking in sth 缺乏; 缺少: be deficient in skill, experience, knowledge, etc 缺乏技巧、经验、知识等 * a diet deficient in iron 缺铁质的日常饮食. (b) (fml 文) incomplete; inadequate 不完全的; 不完美的; 不适当的; 不充足的: deficient funds, supplies 不充足的资金、供应 * Our knowledge of the matter is deficient. 我们对此事了解不足./ˈdefɪsɪt; `dɛfəsɪt/ n (a) amount by which sth, esp a sum of money, is too small 不足额（尤指款项）: We raised 100, and we need 250: that's a deficit of 150. 我们筹措了100英镑而我们需要250英镑, 还缺150英镑. (b) excess of debts over income; amount of this excess 亏空额; 赤字: Tax was low and state spending was high, resulting in a budget deficit. 税率低而政府支出大, 结果出现预算赤字. Cf 参看 surplus.pt, pp of defy./dɪˈfaɪl; dɪ`faɪl/ v [Tn] (fml or rhet 文或修辞)  1 make (sth) dirty or impure 使（某物）肮脏或不纯: rivers defiled by pollution 受污染的河流 * (fig 比喻) a noble cause defiled by the greed of its supporters 被拥护者的贪婪所玷污的高尚事业.  2 make (sth) unfit for holy ceremonies; desecrate 亵渎（神明）: The altar had been defiled by vandals. 圣坛遭到破坏公物的人故意损坏.

/ˈdiːfaɪl; `difaɪl/ n narrow pass through mountains 山中的狭道.

v [I] (of troops) march in single file or a narrow column （指部队）成单行或纵队行进.n [U] defiling or being defiled 污损; 弄脏; 亵渎./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be defined 可下定义的; 可以解释的; 能显示形状、特徵等的./dɪˈfaɪn; dɪ`faɪn/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) state precisely the meaning of (eg words) 给（词语等）下定义.  2 [Tn, Tw] state (sth) clearly; explain (sth) 阐明（某事）; 解释（某事）: The powers of a judge are defined by law. 法官的权力是由法律规定的. * It's hard to define exactly what has changed. 很难解释清楚到底发生了什么变化.  3 [Tn] show (a line, shape, feature, etc) clearly; outline 清楚地显示出（线条、形状、特徵等）; 画出...的轮廓: When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. 国与国的边界未明确划定则通常会发生纠纷. * The mountain was sharply defined against the eastern sky. 那座山在东方天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明. * a well-defined profile 轮廓清晰的侧面像./ˈdefɪnət; `dɛfənət/ adj (a) clear; not doubtful 清楚的; 明确的; 确切的: a definite decision, opinion, result, change 明确的决定、意见、结果、变化 * I have no definite plans for tomorrow. 我明天没有确切的计划. * I want a definite answer, `yes' or `no'. 我要一个明确的答覆, ｀是＇还是｀不是＇. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth/that...) sure; certain 肯定; 有把握: He seemed definite about what had happened. 他好像对所发生的事情很清楚. * It's now definite that the plane crashed. 现已肯定那架飞机已坠毁.the word `the' 定冠词`the'. Cf 参看 indefinite article (indefinite)./ˈdefɪnətlɪ; `dɛfənətlɪ/ adv  1 in a definite manner 明确地; 清楚地: She states her views very definitely. 她非常明确地阐述自己的观点.  2 certainly; undoubtedly 肯定地; 确实地: That is definitely correct. 那肯定正确. * Definitely not, ie No. 肯定不.  3 (infml 口) (in answer to questions) yes; certainly （用于回答问题）是的, 当然: `Are you coming?' `Definitely!' ｀你来吗?＇｀一定来!＇/ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn; ˌdɛfə`nɪʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] stating the exact meaning (of words, etc) （词语等的）释义: Dictionary writers must be skilled in the art of definition. 词书编纂者必须精于给词语下定义的技巧. (b) [C] statement that gives the exact meaning (of words, etc) （词语等的）定义: Definitions should not be more difficult to understand than the words they define. 词语的定义不应比所解释的词语更难理解.  2 [U] (a) clearness of outline; making or being distinct in outline （轮廓的）清晰（度）; 鲜明（度）: The photograph has poor definition. 这张照片轮廓很不清楚. * They concentrated on better definition of the optical image. 他们致力于提高该光学影像的鲜明度. (b) power of a lens (in a camera or telescope) to show clear outlines （照相机或望远镜中）透镜的分解力, 解像力.  3 (a) [U] clear statement; outlining 清楚的说明; 划出的轮廓: My duties require clearer definition. 我的职责需要更清楚的说明. (b) [C] instance of this; outline 清楚的说明; 轮廓: The book attempts a definition of his role in world politics. 该书要阐明的是他在世界政局中的作用./dɪˈfɪnətɪv; dɪ`fɪnətɪv/ adj clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed 明确的; 有权威的; 不能或不必改变的; 决定性的: a definitive answer, solution, verdict, etc 明确的答覆、确切的解决方法、陪审团的最终裁决 * Her book is the definitive work on Milton. 她的书是论述米尔顿的权威著作. * a definitive edition, eg one revised by the author himself 选定版（如作者亲自修订的版本）. adv.v  1 / dI5fleIt; dI`flet/ [Tn] (a) let air or gas out of (a balloon, tyre, etc); let down 放出（气球、轮胎等）的气. (b) (fig 比喻) make (sb, esp sb proud or too confident) feel or appear embarrassed or discouraged 使（某人, 尤指骄傲的或自负的人）尴尬, 泄气: I felt quite deflated by your nasty remark. 你那些难听的话使我觉得无地自容. * Nothing could deflate his ego/pomposity, ie make him less self-assured or pompous. 任何事都不能削弱他的自信心[气焰].  2 / 9di:5fleIt; di`flet/ [I, Tn] reduce the amount of money in circulation in(an economy), in order to lower prices or keep them steady 紧缩（通货）: The Government decided to deflate. 政府决定紧缩通货. Cf 参看 inflate, reflate./-eɪʃn; -eʃən/ n [U] action of deflating (deflate 2) or state of being deflated 泄气. /ˌdiːˈfleɪʃnərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; di`fleʃənˌɛrɪ/ adj causing or intended to cause monetary deflation 通货紧缩的: a deflationary policy, measure, etc 紧缩通货的方针、措施等./dɪˈflekt; dɪ`flɛkt/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (cause sth to) turn from its direction of movement （使某物）运动转向: The missile deflected from its trajectory. 导弹已偏离轨道. * The ball hit one of the defenders and was deflected into the net. 球射中一名後卫後反弹进网. * The bullet hit a wall and was deflected from its course. 子弹击中墙壁而改变了方向.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fig 比喻) turn sb away from his intended course of action 使某人改变原来的计划: not easily deflected from one's purpose/aim 不容易改变自己的意图[目的]./dɪˈflekʃn; dɪ`flɛkʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] deflecting (deflect 1) or being deflected 转向. (b) [C] instance or amount of this 转向; 偏斜度: The smallest deflection of the missile could bring disaster. 导弹有极微小的偏斜也可能酿出大祸.  2 [C, U] (amount of the) movement of a pointer or needle on a measuring device from its zero position 偏差（度）./ˌdiːˈflaʊə(r); di`flaᴜɚ/ v [Tn] (arch or euph 古或婉) deprive (a woman) of her virginity, usu by sexual intercourse 使（女子）失去童贞./ˌdiːˈfəʊlɪənt; di`folɪənt/ n chemical used on trees and plants to destroy the leaves 脱叶剂./ˌdiːˈfəʊlɪeɪt; di`folɪˌet/ v [Tn] destroy the leaves of (trees or plants) 毁掉（树木或花草）的叶: forests defoliated by chemicals in the air 被空气中的化学物质毁掉树叶的林木./ˌdiːfəʊlɪˈeɪʃn; diˌfolɪ`eʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈfɒrɪst; <i>US</i> -ˈfɔːr-; di`fɔrɪst/ (also disafforest) v [Tn] remove forests from (a place) 除掉（某地）的森林. /diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn; <i>US</i> -ˌfɔːr-; diˌfɔrəs`teʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈfɔːm; dɪ`fɔrm/ v [Tn] spoil the shape or appearance of (sth) 毁坏（某物的）形状或外观; 使（某物）变形或成畸形: deform a structure, limb, spine 使一结构、肢体、脊柱变形./ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃn; ˌdifɔr`meʃən/ n (a) [U] process of deforming 变形; 畸形. (b) [C] result of this 变形的结果: a deformation of the spine 脊柱的畸变.adj (of the body, or part of it) badly or unnaturally shaped （指身体或身体之局部）严重变形的, 畸形的: She has a deformed foot and can't walk very easily. 她有一只脚畸形, 行动不方便./dɪˈfɔːmətɪ; dɪ`fɔrmətɪ/ n (a) [U] being deformed 变形; 畸形. (b) [C] deformed part, esp of the body 变形的部分（尤指身体的）: deformities caused by poor diet 饮食不良造成的畸形 * He was born with a slight deformity of the foot which made him limp. 他的脚稍有先天畸形, 走起路来一瘸一拐的./dɪˈfrɔːd; dɪ`frɔd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) get sth from sb by deception; cheat sb 从某人处骗取某物; 欺骗某人: She was defrauded of her money by a dishonest accountant. 她的钱被一个奸诈的会计骗去了./dɪˈfreɪ; dɪ`fre/ v [Tn] (fml 文) provide money for (sth); pay for (sth) 为（某事物）付款; 支付: defray expenses, costs, etc 支付开销、费用等 * My father has to defray my education. 我父亲得支付我的教育费用. /dɪˈfreɪəl; dɪ`freəl/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈfrɒk; di`frɑk/ v [Tn] = unfrock./ˌdiːˈfrɒst; <i>US</i> ˌdiːˈfrɔːst; di`frɔst/ v  1 [Tn] remove ice or frost from (sth) 除去（某物）的冰或霜: defrost the fridge, the car windscreen 给冰箱、汽车挡风玻璃除霜.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become unfrozen （使某物）解冻: A frozen chicken should be allowed to defrost completely before cooking. 冻鸡应彻底解冻後再烹调. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. Cf 参看 unfreeze 1./deft; dɛft/ adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) skilful and quick, esp with the hands 熟练的, 灵巧的, 敏捷的（尤指用手）: With deft fingers she untangled the wire. 她用灵巧的手指解开了金属线. * She is deft at dealing with reporters. 她善于与记者周旋. adv. n [U]./dɪˈfʌŋkt; dɪ`fʌŋkt/ adj (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) (of people) dead （指人）死的. (b) (of practices, laws, etc) no longer in use （指做法、法律等）不再使用的, 过时的. (c) no longer effective or treated with respect 失效的; 不再受尊重的: a defunct organization 瘫痪的组织./ˌdiːˈfjuːz; di`fjuz/ v [Tn]  1 remove or make useless the device that sets off (a bomb, etc) 拆除（炸弹等）的引信.  2 (fig 比喻) reduce the dangerous tension in (a difficult situation) 缓和（困难局面　的紧张状态: defuse tension, anger, a crisis 减弱紧张气氛、平息怒火、缓和危急局面./dɪˈfaɪ; dɪ`faɪ/ v (pt, pp defied)  1 [Tn] (a) disobey or refuse to respect (sb, an authority, etc) 违抗, 反抗, 藐视, 蔑视（某人、权威等）: They defied their parents and got married. 他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了. * defy the Government, the law, etc 蔑视政府、法律等. (b) refuse to give in to (sb/sth); resist boldly 拒绝向（某人[某事物]　让步; 勇敢地抵抗: The army defied the enemy's forces. 这支军队英勇抗敌.  2 [Tn] be so difficult as to make (sth) impossible （因有困难）使（某事）不可能, 办不到: The door defied all attempts to open it. 这门用什么办法也打不开. * The problem defied solution, ie could not be solved. 此问题无法解决.  3 [Dn.t] challenge (sb) to do sth one believes he cannot or will not do 激（某人）做其不能或不愿做的事: I defy you to prove I have cheated. 我谅你无法证实我欺骗了人.abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为 ) degree (of temperature) （温）度: 42 degs/42 Fahrenheit 42华氏度./dɪˈdʒenəreɪt; dɪ`dʒɛnəˌret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (into sth) pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable （体力或精神）衰退; 堕落; 恶化: His health is degenerating rapidly. 他的健康状况迅速恶化. * Her commitment to a great cause degenerated from a crusade into an obsession. 她致力于一伟大事业, 但其崇高的奋斗精神已变质成为偏执的狂热.

/dɪˈdʒenərət; dɪ`dʒɛnərət/ adj having lost the physical, mental or moral qualities that are considered normal or desirable 衰弱的; 颓废的; 堕落的: a degenerate art, society, age 堕落的艺术、社会、时代. degeneracy/ dI5dVenErEsI; dI`dVZnErEsI/ n [U] (a) state of being degenerate 堕落; 恶化; 退化. (b) process of becoming degenerate 堕落、恶化、退化的过程.

/dɪˈdʒenərət; dɪ`dʒɛnərət/ n degenerate person or animal 堕落的人; 退化的动物: This degenerate seduced my daughter! 这个道德败坏的人勾引我的女儿!/dɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn; dɪˌdʒɛnə`reʃən/ n [U] (a) process of degenerating 堕落、恶化、退化的过程: Ageing is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his mental faculties. 他随着年纪增长, 智力逐渐衰退. (b) state of being degenerate 堕落; 恶化; 退化./ˌdegrəˈdeɪʃn; ˌdɛˇrə`deʃən/ n [U] degrading or being degraded 堕落; 降解; 递降分解; 退化: living in utter degradation, eg extreme poverty 生活十分潦倒 * Being sent to prison was the final degradation. 堕落到最後的地步就是被关进监狱./dɪˈgreɪd; dɪ`ˇred/ v  1 [Tn] cause (sb) to be less moral and less deserving of respect 贬低（某人）; 降低（某人）的身分; 使（某人）丢脸: degrade oneself by cheating and telling lies 因欺骗和说谎而降低自己的身分 * I felt degraded by having to ask for money. 我出于无奈向别人要钱而自觉有失尊严.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (chemistry or biology 化或生) (cause sth to) become less complex in structure （使某物）降解, 分解, 退化: degrade molecules into atoms 将分子降解为原子./dɪˈgriː; dɪ`ˇri/ n  1 [C] unit of measurement for angles 度, 度数（角的量度单位）: an angle of ninety degrees (90), ie a right angle 90度角（直角） * one degree of latitude, ie about 69 miles 纬度的1度（约69英里）. =>App 5 见附录5.  2 [C] (abbr 缩写 deg) unit of measurement for temperature 度, 度数（温度的量度单位）: Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32 F) or zero/nought degrees Celsius (0 C). 水结成冰的温度是32华氏度（32　）或零摄氏度（0℃）. =>App 5 见附录5.  3 [C, U] step or stage in a scale or series 程度; 等级: She shows a high degree of skill in her work. 她在工作中表现出高度的技巧. * He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. 他丝毫不感兴趣. * To what degree (ie To what extent, How much) was he involved in the crimes? 他在多大程度上参与了这些犯罪活动? * She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. 她也受到波及, 但程度较轻. * I agree with you to some/a certain degree. 我在某种程度上同意你的意见.  4 [U] (arch 古) position in society 在社会上的地位: people of high/low degree 高[低]阶层的人.  5 [C] academic title; rank or grade given by a university or college to sb who has passed an examination, written a thesis, etc 学位; 学衔: take (ie be awarded) a degree in law/a law degree 获得法律学位 * the degree of Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士学位.  6 [C] (esp in compounds with first, second, etc 尤用于有first、second等的复合词中) step in a scale of seriousness 严重的程度: murder in the ,first de`gree, ie (in US), of the most serious kind * [attrib 作定语] ,first-degree `murder * ,third-degree (ie very serious) `burns.  7 [C] (grammar) each of the three forms of comparison of an adjective or adverb 形容词或副词比较等级的三种形式之一: degrees of comparison 比较的等级 * `Good', `better' and `best' are the positive, comparative and superlative degrees of `good'. good、better、best是good的原级、比较级、最高级.  8 (idm 习语) by de`grees gradually 逐渐地: By degrees their friendship grew into love. 他们的友谊渐渐发展成爱情. to a de`gree (infml 口) very 非常; 很: The film was boring to a degree. 这部影片非常枯燥. to the nth degree => nth.=> dehumanization=> dehumanize/diːˌhjuːmənaɪˈzeɪ-ʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪˈz-; diˌhjumənə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈhjuːmənaɪz; di`hjuməˌnaɪz/ v [Tn] take human qualities away from (sb) 使（某人）失去人性: Torture always dehumanizes both the torturer and his victim. 严刑拷打往往使施刑者和受刑者都丧失人性. /ˌdiːˈhaɪdreɪt; di`haɪdret/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] remove water or moisture from (esp food, to preserve it) 从（尤指食物）中去掉水分或潮气（以便保存）; 脱水: dehydrated vegetables, eggs, milk, eg in powdered form 脱水蔬菜、蛋、牛奶（如呈粉末状）.  2 [I] (of the body, tissues, etc) lose water or moisture （指身体、组织等）脱水, 失水: Her body had dehydrated dangerously with the heat. 她因受酷热身体脱水, 情况危殆./ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃn; ˌdihaɪ`dreʃən/ n [U] (a) loss of water or moisture 失水; 脱水: dying of dehydration 因脱水而奄奄一息. (b) state of being dehydrated 脱水状态./ˌdiːɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌdiəfə`keʃən/ n [U] deifying or being deified 神化: the deification of a Roman emperor 对罗马皇帝的神化./ˈdiːɪfaɪ; `diəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make a god of (sb/sth); worship as a god 将（某人[某事物]　奉若神明; 神化: Primitive peoples deified the sun. 原始民族将太阳奉作神./deɪn; den/ v [Tt] (sometimes derog or ironic 有时作贬义或作反语) be kind or gracious enough (to do sth); condescend 屈尊, 俯就（做某事）: He walked past me without even deigning to look at me. 他从我身旁走过, 竟没有屈尊看我一眼./ˈdiːɪzəm; `diɪzəm/ n [U] belief in the existence of God that is based more on natural laws of the world than on divine revelation 自然神论（一种对神的信仰, 其理论基础是大自然的规律而不是神的启示）. Cf 参看 theism./ˈdiːɪst; `diɪst/ n person who holds such a belief 自然神论者./ˈdiːɪtɪ; `diətɪ/ n  1 (a) [C] god or goddess 神; 女神: Roman deities 罗马诸神. (b) the Deity [sing] God 上帝.  2 [U] divine quality or nature; state of being a god or goddess 神性; 神的身分./ˌdeɪʒɑː ˈvjuː; deʒɑ`vju/ (French 法) [U]  1 feeling that one remembers an event or scene that one has not experienced or seen before 似曾经历, 似曾相见（认为自己曾经历过或见过某事物的幻觉）: I had an odd sense of deja vu just as you said that. 你刚才提到的事, 我有一种似曾经历过的奇怪幻觉.  2 (infml 口) feeling that one has experienced sth too often 对某事经历过多的感觉: There was an awful feeling of deja vu at the annual office party. 对一年一度的同事聚会, 总有一种年年如是的厌倦感./dɪˈdʒektɪd; dɪ`dʒɛktɪd/ adj depressed; sad 沮丧的; 垂头丧气的; 情绪低落的; 郁郁不乐的: dejected-looking campers in the rain 在雨中神情沮丧的露营者 * Repeated failure had left them feeling very dejected. 他们三番五次失败後情绪非常低落. adv./dɪˈdʒekʃn; dɪ`dʒɛkʃən/ n [U] sad or dejected state; depression 忧郁; 沮丧; 情绪低落: The loser sat slumped in dejection. 失败者垂头丧气地坐着, 全身瘫软./ˈdekəʊ; `dɛko/ n (idm 习语) have a dekko (at sth) (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) have a look 看一眼; 瞧; 瞥: Have a dekko at this wheel: the tyre's flat. 瞧瞧这个轮子, 轮胎瘪了./dɪˈleɪ; dɪ`le/ v  1 [I, In/pr, Tn] (cause sb to) be slow or late 使（某人）慢或迟到; 耽搁; 延误: Don't delay! Book your holiday today! 别拖延! 今天就定下你休假的日子! * She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. 她耽搁两个小时, 把火车误了. * I was delayed by the traffic. 因交通阻塞, 我迟到了.  2 [Tn, Tg] put (sth) off until later; postpone 推迟（某事）; 延期: We must delay our journey until the weather improves. 我们必须把旅行推迟, 等天气好转再说. * Why have they delayed opening the school? 他们为什么延期开学?

n  1 [U] delaying or being delayed 耽搁; 延误; 推迟; 延期: We must leave without delay. 我们必须立即离开.  2 [C] amount of time for which sb/sth is delayed 被耽搁或推迟的时间: There was a delay (of two hours) before the plane took off. 飞机起飞推迟了（两个小时）.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] operating after an interval of time 在隔一段时间後进行的: a de,layed-action `fuse, `bomb, `camera 延时熔断器、炸弹、照相机/dɪˈlektəbl; dɪ`lɛktəbl/ adj (fml 文) (esp of food) delightful; pleasant （尤指食物）令人喜爱的, 合意的, 美味的: a delectable meal 美餐 * (fig 比喻) What a delectable little girl! 多么可爱的小姑娘! /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌdiːlekˈteɪʃn; ˌdilɛk`teʃən/ n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) enjoyment; entertainment 欢娱; 享乐: And now for your further delectation, we present a selection of popular melodies. 为使你们更加愉快, 我们奉献给你们一组精选的流行歌曲./ˈdelɪgət; `dɛlɪˇət/ n person chosen or elected by others to express their views (eg at a meeting or conference) 代表（如出席会议者）.

/ˈdelɪgeɪt; `dɛləˌˇet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (to sth) (a) choose or send sb as a representative 挑选或委派某人作代表: delegate sb to a conference/to attend a conference 选派某人作代表出席会议. (b) choose sb to carry out (duties, a task, etc) 挑选或委派某人执行（职责、任务等）: The new manager was delegated to reorganize the department. 派这位新经理重新组织该部门.  2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) entrust (duties, rights, etc) to sb in a lower position or grade 将（职责、权利等）委托给下级; 授权给: A boss must know how to delegate (work). 当老板的要知人善任. * The job had to be delegated to an assistant. 这项工作得交给助手去做./ˌdelɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌdɛlə`ˇeʃən/ n  1 [U] delegating or being delegated 代表; 委托.  2 [CGp] group of delegates 代表团: She refused to meet the union delegation. 她拒绝接见工会代表团./dɪˈliːt; dɪ`lit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) cross out or deliberately omit (sth written or printed) 删除或删略（文字）: The editor deleted the last paragraph (from the article). 编辑删除了（文章的）最後一段./ˌdelɪˈtɪərɪəs; ˌdɛlə`tɪrɪəs/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) harmful 有害的: have a deleterious effect on a child's development 对孩子的发育有不良影响. adv./dɪˈliːʃn; dɪ`liʃən/ n (a) [U] deleting or being deleted 删除. (b) [C] word, passage, etc that has been deleted 删除的词、段落等./delft; dɛlft/ (also delftware / 5delftweE(r); `dZlft-9wZr/) n [U] type of glazed earthenware, usu with blue decoration 代尔夫特陶器（通常有蓝色图案）./ˈdelɪ; `dɛlɪ/ n (infml 口) delicatessen shop 熟食店./dɪˈlɪbərət; dɪ`lɪbərət/ adj  1 done on purpose; intentional 故意的; 有意的; 蓄意的: a deliberate insult, lie, act 蓄意的侮辱、存心编造的谎言、故意的行为.  2 unhurried; careful 不慌不忙的; 小心翼翼的; 审慎的: She has a slow, deliberate way of talking. 她谈话的方式缓慢而审慎. * making very deliberate gestures for emphasis 做出非常沉稳的手势以示强调. 

/dɪˈlɪbəreɪt; dɪ`lɪbəˌret/ v [I, Ipr, Tw] ~ (about/on sth) (fml 文) think or talk carefully 仔细考虑或谈论: We had no time to deliberate (on the problem). 我们没有时间仔细思考（这个问题）. * deliberate what action to take 仔细考虑要采取的行动 * deliberate whether to leave or not 认真琢磨是否离开.adv: a deliberately calm tone of voice 从容不迫的平静声调 * She said it deliberately to provoke me. 她故意说这件事向我挑衅./dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn; dɪˌlɪbə`reʃən/ n  1 [U, C] careful consideration or discussion 仔细的考虑或商议; 审议: After long deliberation, they decided not to buy. 他们商量了很长时间後, 决定不买了. * What was the result of your deliberation(s)? 你仔细考虑後结果如何?  2 [U] slowness of movement; carefulness 缓慢; 从容; 审慎: speak, take aim, walk with great deliberation 从容不迫地说、瞄准、散步./ˈdelɪkəsɪ; `dɛləkəsɪ/ n  1 [U] softness or tenderness when touched 柔软; 细嫩: the delicacy of the fabric, a child's skin 纤维的柔软、小孩皮肤的娇嫩.  2 [U] delicate structure; fineness 精致; 优雅: the delicacy of her features 她那清秀的容貌.  3 (a) [U] skill or careful treatment 精巧; 小心的处理: the delicacy of her playing, workmanship, carving 她演奏、手艺、雕刻的精巧. (b) [U] tact and restraint in human relations; sensitivity （人际关系中的）技巧和谨慎; 敏感: She spoke with delicacy of our recent loss. 她机敏婉转地谈到我们最近的损失. * Don't forget the delicacy of our position, ie Remember the need for tact, etc. 不要忘记我们的处境, 需谨慎从事.  4 [U] (of colours, food, smells) pleasantness that does not strongly affect the senses （指颜色、食物、气味）柔和, 精美, 清香: a shade, wine, scent of great delicacy 精美的灯罩、醇香的葡萄酒、芬芳的气味.  5 [C] type of food thought to be delicious, esp in a particular place 珍馐, 佳肴（尤指有某处风味的）: The local people regard these crabs as a great delicacy.当地人认为这些螃蟹是珍馐美味./ˈdelɪkət; `dɛləkət/ adj  1 soft or tender when touched; made of sth fine or thin 柔软的; 柔和的; 娇嫩的: as delicate as silk 柔软如丝绸 * a baby's delicate skin 婴儿娇嫩的皮肤.  2 very carefully made or formed; fine; exquisite 精致的; 优美的; 精巧的: a delicate mechanism, structure, etc 精巧的机械装置、结构等 * the delicate beauty of a snowflake 雪花的精美.  3 (a) easily injured or damaged; fragile 容易受伤或受损的; 易碎的; 脆弱的: delicate china 易碎的瓷器 * a delicate plant 娇弱的植物. (b) becoming ill easily; not strong 容易生病的; 不强壮的: a delicate child, constitution 瘦弱的孩子、身躯 * She has been in delicate health for some time. 她身体欠佳已有些时日了.  4 (a) showing or needing much skill or careful treatment 精致的; 需技巧的; 精心处理的: the delicate craftsmanship of a fine watch 制造好表的精湛技艺 * a delicate surgical operation, eg on sb's eyes 精细的外科手术（如眼科手术） * her delicate playing of the sonata 她演奏奏鸣曲的　熟技巧. (b) showing or needing tact and good judgement in human relations; sensitive （在人际关系中）有技巧的, 得当的, 得体的, 微妙的: I admired your delicate handling of the situation. 我很钦佩你这样巧妙地处理了这种局面. * We're conducting very delicate negotiations. 我们正在进行十分审慎的谈判.  5 (of the senses or of instruments) able to detect or show very small changes or differences; sensitive （指感官、仪器）精密的, 灵敏的: a delicate sense of smell/touch 灵敏的嗅觉[触觉] * Only a very delicate thermometer can measure such tiny changes in temperature. 只有非常灵敏的温度计才能测出这样微小的温度变化.  6 (a) (of colours) not intense; soft （指颜色）柔和的, 淡的, 浅的: a delicate shade of pink 淡粉红色. (b) (of food or its taste) pleasing and not strongly flavoured （指食物或味道）美味的, 清淡可口的: the gentle, delicate flavour of salmon 鲑鱼清淡可口的味道 * Veal is too delicate for a spicy sauce. 小牛肉清淡可口不宜多加调料. (c) (of smell) pleasing and not strong （指气味）柔和的, 淡的: a delicate perfume, fragrance, aroma, etc 淡雅的香水、芳香、香气等. > delicately adv: delicately carved statues 雕刻精致的塑像 * a delicately phrased compliment 措词高雅的赞词./ˌdelɪkəˈtesn; ˌdɛləkə`tɛsn/ n (a) [C] shop selling prepared foods, often unusual or imported, ready for serving (esp cooked meat, smoked fish, cheeses, etc) 熟食店（尤指供应熟肉、熏鱼、乾酪等的）. (b) [U] such food 熟食./dɪˈlɪʃəs; dɪ`lɪʃəs/ adj giving pleasure, esp to the senses of taste and smell 美味的; 可口的; 芳香的: a delicious meal, cake, flavour 可口的饭、糕点、味道 * It smells delicious! 闻起来多香啊! * (fig 比喻) What a delicious joke! 多有趣的笑话! adv: a deliciously creamy soup 可口的奶油汤./dɪˈlaɪt; dɪ`laɪt/ n  1 [U] great pleasure; joy 高兴; 快乐; 愉快: give delight to sb 使某人快乐 * To our great delight, the day turned out fine. 我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了.  2 [C] cause or source of pleasure 使人高兴的原因: Her singing is a delight. 她的歌声使人快乐. * the delights of living in the country 在乡村生活的乐趣.  3 (idm 习语) take delight in sth/doing sth find pleasure in sth/doing sth (esp sth cruel or wrong) 以某事物[做某事]为乐（尤指残忍的事或坏事）: He takes great delight in proving others wrong. 他的极大乐趣是证实别人错了.

/dɪˈlaɪt; dɪ`laɪt/ v  1 [Tn] give great pleasure to (sb); please greatly 给（某人）乐趣; 使愉快: Her singing delighted everyone. 她的歌声使大家很愉快.  2 [Ipr no passive 不用于被动语态, It] ~ in sth/doing sth take great (and often cruel) pleasure in sth; enjoy sth 以某事物为乐（常为残忍的事）; 喜好某事物: He delights in teasing his younger sister. 他以戏弄他妹妹为乐. * (fml 文) She delights to be surrounded by admirers. 她喜欢身边簇拥着爱慕她的人.adj ~ (at sth/to do sth/that...) very pleased; showing delight 非常高兴的; 显示愉快的: a delighted smile, look, child 愉快的微笑、样子、小孩 * I'm delighted at your success/to hear of your success/that you succeeded. 我对你的成功[听到你成功的消息/对你已获成功]感到很高兴. * `Will you come to the party?' `I'd be delighted (to)!' ｀你来参加聚会吗?＇｀很愿意来!＇/-fl; -fəl/ adj ~ (to sb) giving delight 使人快乐的; 令人愉快的: a delightful holiday, melody, conversation 令人愉快的假日、曲调、谈话 * No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./diːˈlɪmɪt; dɪ`lɪmɪt/ v [Tn] fix the limits or boundaries of (sth) 确定（某事物）的范围或界线: The first chapter delimits her area of research. 第一章阐明了她的研究领域. /diːˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃn; dɪˌlɪmə`teʃən/ n [C, U]./dɪˈlɪnɪeɪt; dɪ`lɪnɪˌet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray 画出或描述出（某事物）; 描绘; 描写: delineate sb's features, character 描绘某人的面貌、性格 * delineate one's plans 描述某人的计划. /dɪˌlɪnɪˈeɪʃn; dɪˌlɪnɪ`eʃən/ n [C, U]./dɪˈlɪŋkwənsɪ; dɪ`lɪŋkwənsɪ/ n (a) [U, C] minor crime such as vandalism, esp when committed by young people 不严重的罪（如破坏公物, 尤指青少年所为者）: juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪. (b) [U] failure to perform one's duty 失职: The captain's delinquency led to the loss of the ship. 船长失职而损失了一艘轮船./dɪˈlɪŋkwənt; dɪ`lɪŋkwənt/ n, adj (person) doing wrong or failing to perform a duty 做错事的或失职的（人）: a juvenile delinquent 少年违法者 * delinquent behaviour 失职行为 * a delinquent soldier 犯过的士兵./ˌdelɪˈkwesnt; ˌdɛlə`kwɛsnt/ adj (chemistry 化) becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air 潮解的./dɪˈlɪrɪəs; dɪ`lɪrɪəs/ adj  1 (a) suffering from delirium 神志昏乱的; 谵妄的: He's so delirious he doesn't know where he is. 他精神错乱, 竟不知自己身在何处. (b) showing the effects of delirium 显示精神错乱的: a delirious condition, reply 狂乱的状态、回答.  2 (fig 比喻) very excited and happy 非常激动的; 特别愉快的: The children were delirious (with joy) as they opened the parcels. 孩子们打开包裹时欣喜若狂. adv: raving deliriously 疯狂地吼叫 * deliriously happy 狂喜./dɪˈlɪrɪəm; dɪ`lɪrɪəm/ n [U]  1 mental disturbance caused by (esp feverish) illness, resulting in restlessness and often wild talk 精神错乱, 说胡话（尤指因发烧等引起者）: exhausted by the fever and delirium 因发烧说胡话而疲惫不堪.  2 (fig 比喻) excited happiness 狂喜./-ˈtriːmenz; -`trimənz/ (abbr 缩写 DT(s)) delirium caused by extreme alcoholism 震颤性谵妄（由过度嗜酒引起）./dɪˈlɪvə(r); dɪ`lɪvɚ/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb/sth) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc) to the places or people they are addressed to 递送, 传送（信件、包裹、货物等）: We deliver (your order) to your door! 我们送货上门! * A courier delivered the parcels (to our office). 送急件的人将包裹送来（送到我们办公室）了. * Did you deliver my message to my father? 你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗?  2 (a) [Tn.pr only passive 只用于被动语态] be ~ed of sb (fml 文) give birth to (a child) 生（小孩儿）: She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩儿. (b) [Tn] help a mother to give birth to (a child) 协助产妇分娩; 助产; 接生: Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 她的婴儿是由她自己的医生给接生的. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml 文) state sth 发言; 发表: deliver oneself of an opinion, a judgement, etc 发表意见、看法等.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (to sb) (fml 文) give sth up; hand sth over; surrender sth 放弃某事物; 交出某物: deliver (up) a fortress to the enemy 弃守要塞任敌人占据 * deliver over one's property to one's children 把财产交给子女.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）: She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (arch 古) rescue sb (from sth); save sb; free sb 拯救某人; 解救某人; 释放某人: May God deliver us from evil. 愿上帝拯救我们脱离罪恶.  6 (a) [Tn] throw or launch (sth) in flight; release 投掷, 发射（某物）; 放出: In cricket, the ball is delivered overarm. 打板球时, 要举臂过肩掷球. * The missile is delivered from underground. 这种导弹由地下发射. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a blow) 给予（打击）: deliver a blow to the jaw 给颌部一击 * (fig 比喻) The teacher delivered a sharp rebuke to the class. 教师尖刻地申斥了全班学生.  7 (infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) give what is expected or promised 不负所望; 履行诺言: They promise to finish the job in June, but can they deliver (on that)? 他们答应六月份完成这项工作, 但他们能说到做到吗? (b) [Tn] achieve (a level of performance) 达到（某一能力、性能等的水平）: The new model delivers speed and fuel economy. 这种新型设计能提高速度、节约燃料. * If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired! 你要是不能提高销售额, 就把你解雇!  8 (idm 习语) come up with/deliver the goods => goods./dɪˈlɪvərəns; dɪ`lɪvərəns/ n [U] ~ (from sth) being freed or rescued 被释放; 被拯救: They prayed for an early deliverance from captivity. 他们为早日获释而祈祷.n  1 person who delivers (deliver 1, 2, 3, 4) 递送者; 助产者; 述说者; 放弃者; 交付者; 授课者; 讲道者; 演讲者.  2 rescuer; saviour 拯救者; 救星./dɪˈlɪvərɪ; dɪ`lɪvərɪ/ n  1 (a) [U] delivering (of letters, goods, etc) 递送, 投递, 交付（信件、货物等）: Your order is ready for delivery. 你订购的货物可随时交付. * Please pay on (ie at the time of) delivery. 请于交货时付款. (b) [C] goods, mail, etc delivered （递送或交付的）货物、邮件等: We had a big delivery of coal today. 今天我们收到大批订购的煤. (c) [C] instance of delivering (parcels, goods, etc) （包裹、货物等的）递送, 交付: We have two postal deliveries each day. 我们每天收到两次信.  2 [C, U] process of birth 分娩: an easy/difficult delivery 顺[难]产 * the first stage of delivery 第一产程.  3 [sing] manner of speaking (in lectures, etc) （在讲课等中的）讲话方式, 风度, 态度: Her poor delivery spoilt an otherwise good speech. 她的演讲在各方面都很好, 却因表达技巧差而功亏一篑.  4 (a) [U] throwing or launching in flight (of a ball, missile, etc) （球的）投掷; （导弹的）发射. (b) [C] ball thrown (esp one bowled in cricket or thrown in baseball) 投掷的球（尤指板球或棒球）: a fast, hostile delivery 快速投球、投出刁球.  5 (idm 习语) cash on delivery => cash. take delivery (of sth) receive sth 收到某物: When can you take delivery of the car? 你什么时候才能收到那辆汽车?(esp Brit) note, usu in duplicate, sent with goods and signed by the person receiving them 送货单（通常有副本, 与货物一起送出, 由收货人签收）.van used for delivering goods 厢式送货车./del; dɛl/ n small valley, usu with trees on its sides 小山谷（通常两边有树）./ˌdiːˈlaʊs; di`laᴜs/ v [Tn] remove the lice from (sb/sth) 消灭（某人[某物]）的虱子./ˈdelfɪk; `dɛlfɪk/ adj  1 of the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi 特尔斐之古希腊神谕的.  2 mysterious or unclear because more than one meaning is possible 深奥难解的; 含义不明的; 意义模棱两可的: a Delphic utterance 语意含混不清的话./delˈfɪnɪəm; dɛl`fɪnɪəm/ n garden plant with tall spikes of (usu blue) flowers 飞燕草（园艺植物, 开穗状花, 通常为蓝色）./ˈdeltə; `dɛltə/ n  1 the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (}, ) 希腊字母表的第四个字母（}, ）.  2 triangular area of alluvial land at a river's mouth, enclosed or crossed by branches of the river （河口的）三角洲: the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲.aircraft with swept-back wings that give it a triangular appearance 三角翼飞机./dɪˈluːd; dɪ`lud/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth/into doing sth) deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb 诳惑某人; 欺骗某人; 哄骗某人: a poor deluded fool 受骗的可怜傻瓜 * delude sb with empty promises 以虚假的诺言哄骗某人 * delude oneself with false hopes 以虚幻的希望欺骗自己 * delude sb/oneself into believing that... 欺骗某人[自己]误以为..../ˈdeljuːdʒ; `dɛljudʒ/ n  1 (a) great flood or rush of water 洪水; 大水流: When the snow melts, the mountain stream becomes a deluge. 雪融化时, 山间溪流变成山洪暴发. (b) heavy fall of rain 大暴雨; 倾盆大雨: I got caught in the deluge on the way home. 我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨.  2 (fig 比喻) great quantity of sth that comes all at once 同时涌来的大量事物: a deluge of work, words, letters 涌来的大量工作、滔滔不绝的话、纷至沓来的信件.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sth (with sth) flood sth (with sth) （以某物）淹没某物: The town was deluged with thick slimy mud. 该城到处都是又厚又黏的泥.  2 ~ sb/sth (with sth) (fig 比喻) send or give sb/sth a very large quantity of sth （事物）涌现: I was deluged with phone calls. 我的电话应接不暇. * We advertised the job and were deluged with applications. 我们登出了这项工作的广告, 收到的申请书不计其数./dɪˈluːʒn; dɪ`luʒən/ n  1 [U] deluding or being deluded 诳惑; 欺骗: His arguments sound convincing but they're based on delusion. 他的论据听起来似乎有理, 但根本上是欺骗性的.  2 [C] false opinion or belief, esp one that may be a symptom of madness 幻想, 妄想, 错觉（尤指可能因精神错乱所致）: be under a delusion/under the delusion that... 有...的错觉 * suffer from delusions 患妄想症 * Your hopes of promotion are a mere delusion. 你提升的希望只不过是一种幻想.  3 (idm 习语) delusions of `grandeur false belief in one's own importance 妄自尊大: She wants to travel first-class: she must have delusions of grandeur. 她想坐头等舱旅行, 她一定自以为很了不起./dɪˈluːsɪv; dɪ`lusɪv/ adj not real; misleading 不真实的; 诳惑的; 骗人的; 使人产生错觉的: a delusive belief, impression, etc 虚妄的信念、使人产生错觉的印象. adv./delv; dɛlv/ v  1 [Ipr] ~ in/into sth (a) search or rummage in sth 在某物中搜寻或翻查: She delved in her bag and pulled out a pen. 她在提包里翻找, 拿出一枝钢笔. * delve into a drawer, box, pocket, etc for sth 在抽屉、盒子、衣袋等里寻找某物. (b) try to find information about sth; study sth 探索; 钻研: a writer delving in medieval French literature 研究中世纪法国文学的作家 * She delved into the origins of the custom. 她探究这种习俗的起源.  2 [I] (arch 古) dig 挖掘.abbr 缩写 = (US) Democrat; Democratic. Cf 参看 Rep 2.comb form 构词成分 of people or population 人的; 人口的: demagogue * democracy * demographic.=> demagnetization=> demagnetize/ˌdiː-mægnɪtaɪˈzeɪʃn; ˌdimæˇnətə`zeʃən/ n./ˌdiːˈmægnɪtaɪz; di`mæˇnəˌtaɪz/ v [Tn] remove the magnetic properties of (sth) 除去（某物）的磁性. /ˌdeməˈgɒgɪk; ˌdɛmə`ˇɑˇɪk/ adj of or like a demagogue （似）蛊惑民心的政客的; 蛊惑民心的; 煽动性的./ˈdeməgɒg; `dɛməˌˇɑˇ/ n political leader who tries to win people's support by using emotional and often unreasonable arguments 蛊惑民心的政客./ˈdeməgɒgɪ; `dɛməˌˇɑˇɪ/ n [U] principles and methods of a demagogue 蛊惑民心的策略和手段./dɪˈmɑːnd; <i>US</i> dɪˈmænd; dɪ`mænd/ n  1 [C] ~ (for sb to do sth); ~ (for sth/that...) command, or sth which is given as if it was a command 要求; 请求: receive a tax demand 接到纳税通知 * It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的. * The workers' demands for higher pay were refused by the employers. 工人要求提高工资遭到雇主拒绝. * There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. 人们最近不断要求首相辞职. * demands for reform/that there should be reform 改革要求.  2 [U] ~ (for sth/sb) desire of customers for goods or services which they wish to buy or use （顾客的）需求, 需要: We blame poor overseas demand for the car's failure. 我们将汽车滞销归咎于海外需求量太低. * Demand for skilled workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones. 非常需要熟练工人, 但却不需要生手. * Demand for fish this month exceeds supply. 本月份鱼供不应求.  3 [C] (also de`mand note) note that requires sb to pay money owed, eg income tax 缴款通知.  4 (idm 习语) in de`mand much wanted; popular 非常需要的; 受欢迎的: Good secretaries are always in demand. 好的秘书总是很多人都需要的. * She is in great demand as a singer. 她是个十分受欢迎的歌手. make demands of/on sb oblige sb to use a lot of skill, strength, etc 需要某人用高度技巧、很大力气等: This new aircraft makes tremendous demands of the pilot. 这种新飞机需要飞行员有极高的技巧. on de`mand whenever asked for 一经要求: a cheque payable on demand 即时兑现的支票 * She's in favour of abortion on demand. 对于人工流产, 她赞成有求必应.

/dɪˈmɑːnd; <i>US</i> dɪˈmænd; dɪ`mænd/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tt] ask for (sth) as if one is commanding, or as if one has a right to do so 要求, 请求（某事物）: demand an apology (from sb) 要求（某人）道歉 * The workers are demanding better pay. 工人要求提高工资. * She demanded (to know) my business. 她过问我的事情. * He demands that he be told/demands to be told everything. 他要求将一切都告诉他.  2 [Tn] require (sth); need 需求（某事物）; 需要: This sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要极大耐性. * Does the letter demand an immediate answer? ie Must it be answered at once? 这封信需要立即答覆吗?(esp US) bill/loan that must be paid when payment is demanded 即付汇票[活期贷款]. Cf 参看 supply and demand (supply).=> demand bill/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ; <i>US</i> dɪˈmændɪŋ; dɪ`mændɪŋ/ adj (a) (of a task, etc) needing much patience, skill, effort, etc （指任务等）需要很大耐性、技巧、努力等的: a demanding job, schedule, etc 需要高度技巧的工作、需努力才能实现的计划. (b) (of a person) making others work hard, meet high standards, etc （指人）对他人要求高的, 苛求的: a demanding boss, father, etc 苛求的老板、父亲等 * Children are so demanding: they need constant attention. 孩子们总有所求, 需要时刻照顾他们./ˈdiːmɑːkeɪt; dɪ`mɑrket/ v [Tn] mark or fix the limits of (sth) 标出或确定（某事物）的界线: The playing area is demarcated by a white line. 运动场地以白线为界./ˌdiːmɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˌdimɑr`keʃən/ n [U, C] (marking of a) limit or boundary, esp between types of work considered by trade unions to belong to workers in different trades 划界线; 界线; （尤指工会认为属于不同行业间的）工种界线: a line of demarcation 分界线 * [attrib 作定语] demarcation disputes in industry 工业上工种界线的纠纷./ˈdeɪmɑːʃ; de`mɑrʃ/ n (French 法) political step or proceeding 政治上的步骤或手段./dɪˈmiːn; dɪ`min/ v [Tn, Tnt] ~ oneself lower oneself in dignity; deprive oneself of others' respect 降低自己的身分; 失去别人的尊重; 贬低自己: Don't demean yourself by telling such obvious lies. 你不要用这种明显的谎言自贬人格. * I wouldn't demean myself to ask for favours from them. 我不会降低身分向他们求情.adj lowering (sb's) dignity; degrading 降低身分的; 卑微的; 堕落的: He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee. 他觉得要为他以前的雇员工作很失身分./dɪˈmiːnə(r); dɪ`minɚ/ n [U] (fml 文) way of behaving; conduct 行为; 举止: I dislike his arrogant demeanour. 我讨厌他那傲慢的行为./dɪˈmentɪd; dɪ`mɛntɪd/ adj (a) mad 疯狂的: a poor, demented creature 可怜的疯子. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) agitated because of worry, anger, etc （因忧虑、愤怒等）焦躁不安的: When her child was two hours late, she became quite demented. 她孩子晚了两个小时, 她心急如焚. adv./dɪˈmenʃə; dɪ`mɛnʃə/ n [U] (medical 医) madness with loss of powers of thinking due to brain disease or injury 痴呆./dɪˌmenʃə ˈpriːkɒks; dɪˌmɛnʃə `priˌkɑks/ (fml 文) schizophrenia 早发性痴呆症; 精神分裂症./ˌdeməˈreərə; ˌdɛmə`rɛrə/ n [U] (also demerara sugar) light-brown raw cane sugar 浅褐色蔗糖./diːˈmerɪt; di`mɛrɪt/ n (fml 文) fault; defect 缺点; 不足; 欠缺: consider the merits and demerits of a system 考虑一个制度的长处和短处./dɪˈmeɪn; dɪ`men/ n (law 律) (a) [U] possession and use of land as one's own property 土地的领有和使用（作为私产）: land held in demesne 领有的地产. (b) [C] estate with land held in this way, ie without tenants living on it 领有供自用的地产（即无佃户租用）.pref 前缀 (with ns 与名词结合) half; partly 半; 部分: demigod./ˈdemɪmɒnd; `dɛmɪˌmɑnd/ n [Gp] (French 法)  1 group of people whose actions are thought to be not entirely legal, respectable, etc 不正派的一群人: the demi-monde of gambling clubs and sleazy bars 赌场和低级酒吧里不正派的人.  2 (formerly) women thought to be not entirely respectable and for this reason not acceptable to society （旧时）因不正派而为社会嫌弃的女子./ˈdemɪgɒd; `dɛməˌˇɑd/ n (in classical mythology) being who is partly divine and partly human, esp the offspring of a god or goddess and a human （古典神话中）半神半人（尤指神与人所生的後代）./ˈdemɪdʒɒn; `dɛməˌdʒɑn/ n large bottle with a narrow neck, often in a wickerwork case 细颈大瓶（常置于柳条套中）.=> demilitarization=> demilitarize/ˌdiːˌmɪlɪtəraɪˈzeɪʃn;<i>US</i> -rɪˈz-; diˌmɪlətərɪ`zeʃən/ n [U, Gp]./ˌdiːˈmɪlɪtəraɪz; di`mɪlətəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] remove military forces or installations from (an area) as a result of a treaty or an agreement 从（一地区）撤军或拆除军事设施: a demilitarized zone 非军事区. /dɪˈmaɪz; dɪ`maɪz/ n [sing]  1 (fml 文) death 死; 死亡.  2 (fig 比喻) end or failure (of an enterprise, etc) 停业; 倒闭: This loss led to the demise of the business. 这一损失导致了公司的倒闭./ˌdiːˈmɪst; di`mɪst/ v [Tn] remove the mist from (eg the windscreen of a car) 除去（如汽车挡风玻璃）上面的雾水.n device that warms (esp the windscreen of a vehicle) to stop mist forming 除雾器（尤指车辆挡风玻璃的）./ˈdeməʊ; `dɛmo/ n (pl ~s) (infml 口 esp Brit) = demonstration(3)./ˌdiːˈmɒb; di`mɑb/ v (-bb-) [Tn] (Brit infml 口) = demobilize (sb).

n [U] (Brit infml 口) = demobilization.=> demobilization=> demobilize/ˌdiːˌməʊ-bəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; ˌdimobəlɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./diːˈməʊbəlaɪz; di`mobəˌlaɪz/ v [Tn] release (sb) from military service 使（某人）复员, 退伍; 遣散（军队）. /dɪˈmɒkrəsɪ; də`mɑkrəsɪ/ n  1 (a) [U] system of government by the whole people of a country, esp through representatives whom they elect 民主; 民主政治; 民主政体; 民主制度: parliamentary democracy 议会民主政体. (b) [C] country having such a system 民主国家: the Western democracies 西方的民主国家.  2 [C, U] (country with a) government that allows freedom of speech, religion and political opinion, that upholds the rule of law and majority rule and that respects the rights of minorities 民主政府; 有民主政府的国家: the principles of democracy 民主政府的原则.  3 (a) [U] treatment of each other by citizens as equals, without social class divisions 民主精神; 民主作风: Is there more democracy in Australia than in Britain? 澳大利亚比英国更民主吗? (b) [C] society where such conditions exist 民主社会.  4 [U] control of an organization by its members, who take part in the making of decisions （一组织由其成员的）民主管理: industrial democracy 企业的民主管理./ˈdeməkræt; `dɛməˌkræt/ n  1 person who believes in or supports democracy 民主主义者.2 Democrat (abbr 缩写 D) member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US 美国民主党的党员或拥护者. Cf 参看 republican 2./ˌdeməˈkrætɪk; ˌdɛmə`krætɪk/ adj  1 based on the principles of democracy (1a) 民主的; 民主政治的; 民主政体的: democratic rights, elections 民主的权利、选举 * democratic government, rule, etc 民主的政府、统治等.  2 of or supporting democracy(3); paying no or little attention to class divisions based on birth or wealth 民主作风的; 平等的: a democratic society, outlook 民主的社会、观点.  3 of or supporting control of an organization by its members 民主管理的: democratic involvement, participation, etc 参与民主管理、参加民主管理. one of the two main political parties in the US 民主党（美国两大主要政党之一）. Cf 参看 Republican Party (republican)./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: democratically elected, decided, etc 民主选举的、民主决定的.=> democratization=> democratize/dɪ-ˌmɒkrətaɪˈzeɪʃn; dɪˌmɑkrətə`zeʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈmɒkrətaɪz; də`mɑkrəˌtaɪz/ v [Tn] make (sth) democratic 使（某事）民主化: democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化. /dɪˈmɒgrəfə(r); dɪ`mɑˇrəfɚ/ n expert in such studies 人口统计学家; 人口学家./ˌdeməˈgræfɪk; ˌdɛmə`ˇræfɪk/ adj./dɪˈmɒgrəfɪ; dɪ`mɑˇrəfɪ/ n [U] study of statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc in order to show the state of a community 人口统计学; 人口学./dɪˈmɒlɪʃ; dɪ`mɑlɪʃ/ v [Tn]  1 (a) pull or knock down (a building, etc) 拆毁, 拆除（建筑物等）: They've demolished the slum district. 贫民区已拆除. (b) (fig 比喻) destroy (a theory, etc) 推翻, 驳倒（理论等）: Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument. 她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点.  2 (fig joc 比喻, 谑) eat (sth) greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）: She demolished two whole pies. 她贪婪地吃下两个馅饼./ˌdemə-ˈlɪʃn; ˌdɛmə`lɪʃən/ n [U, C]: the demolition of the houses 房屋的拆除 * [attrib 作定语] demolition contractors 做拆除工作的承包者./ˈdiːmən; `dimən/ n  1 wicked or cruel spirit 恶魔; 魔鬼: medieval carvings of demons 中世纪的魔鬼雕像.  2 (infml 口) (a) person thought to be wicked, mischievous, etc 恶人; 恶棍; 调皮鬼: Your son's a little demon. 你儿子是个小调皮鬼. (b) ~ (for sth) energetic person 精力充沛的人: She's a demon for work, ie works very hard. 她工作起来精力充沛. * [attrib 作定语] a demon worker 精力过人的工作者. (c) fierce or aggressive player 勇猛的运动员; 攻击型的运动员: [attrib 作定语] a demon bowler 勇猛的投球手.  3 (idm 习语) the demon `drink (joc 谑) alcoholic drink, esp when it is the cause of wild noisy behaviour 含酒精的饮料（尤指饮後使人撒酒疯者）: He's very violent: it's the demon drink, you know. 他大撒酒疯, 你要知道就是因为喝了那种酒. => demonetization=> demonetize/diːˌmʌnɪtaɪ-ˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -tɪˈz-; diˌmʌnətɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈmʌnɪtaɪz; di`mʌnəˌtaɪz/ v stop (a metal) being used as currency 使（某金属）不再用作货币. /dɪˈməʊnɪæk; dɪ`monɪˌæk/ (also demoniacal/ 9di:mE5naIEkl; 9dimE`naIEkl/) adj (a) very evil; devilish 邪恶的; 凶恶的; 恶魔般的: demoniac tortures, plans 酷刑、邪恶的计划. (b) frenzied; fiercely energetic 疯狂的; 精力极充沛的: demoniac energy, fury, etc 逾常的精力、狂怒等./diːˈmɒnɪk; di`mɑnɪk/ adj: demonic energy 过人的精力./ˌdemənstrəˈbɪlətɪ;ˌdɛmənstrə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈdemənstrəbl; <i>US</i> dɪˈmɒnstrəbl; `dɪ-mɑnstrəbl/ adj that can be shown or proved 可表明的; 可证实的: a demonstrable lie, inaccuracy, etc 明显的谎言、误差等. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./ˈdemənstreɪt; `dɛmənˌstret/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence 证明; 论证: demonstrate the truth of a statement (to sb) （向某人）证明一说法的真实性 * How do you demonstrate that the pressure remains constant? 你怎样证明压力一直不变? * Can you demonstrate what you mean by that? 你那样做能说明你的意思吗? (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] be an example of (sth); show 是（某事物）的实例; 表明; 表示: The election demonstrates democracy in action. 这次选举是以实际行动体现了民主. * His sudden departure demonstrates that he's unreliable/how unreliable he is. 他突然离去表明他不可靠[他多么不可靠].  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show and explain how sth works or a way of doing sth 示范并解释某物如何操作或使用: An assistant demonstrated the washing machine (to customers). 店员（向顾客）示范如何使用洗衣机. * She demonstrated how best to defend oneself. 她示范最有效的自卫方法.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) take part in a public rally, etc, usu as a protest or to show support 示威; 进行示威集会或游行: Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. 数以千计的人举行示威, 抗议物价上涨.  4 [Tn] express (sth) by one's actions 用行动表达（某事）: Workers have already demonstrated their opposition to the plans. 工人们已经表明反对这些方案. * demonstrate strong feelings 显示出强烈的感情./ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn; ˌdɛmən`streʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) showing sth by giving proof or evidence 证明; 论证: convinced by (a) scientific demonstration 以科学的论证使人信服 * a demonstration of a law of physics 证明一物理定律.  2 [C, U] (instance of) showing and explaining how sth works （对某物如何操作的）示范, 解释: a demonstration of the computer's functions 计算机功能的示范表演. =>Usage 见所附用法.  3 [C] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) public, often organized, rally or march protesting against or supporting sb/sth （抗议或拥护某人[某事], 常为有组织的）集会或游行: a mass demonstration in support of the regime 拥护该政权的群众集会.  4 [C] outward sign; example 表现; 表示; 实例: a demonstration of affection, eg embracing sb 爱的表示（如拥抱某人） * a clear demonstration of their intentions 他们明显表示意图.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 A demonstration and a display do not require a specific or permanent site.*demonstration和display不必有特定的或永久的地点. At a demonstration one sees how something works or is done 在demonstration中可以看到某事物的操作情形: a cookery demonstration 烹饪表演 *  a demonstration of a new car 新汽车的使用示范.  2 A display is often for public entertainment *display常用于公共娱乐方面: a flying, fireworks, fashion, etc display 飞行、烟火、时装等表演.  3 A trade exhibition/show/fair is held in an exhibition hall or centre where commercial or industrial goods are advertised *trade exhibition/ show/ fair是在exhibition hall或centre中举办的, 用以宣传工商业产品: a book fair 书展 *  the World Trade Fair 世界贸易博览会 *  the Motor Show 机动车辆展览 *  the Great Exhibition 大型展览会.  4 A show can also be of domestic animals or plants, often in competition for prizes. *show还可作豢养的动物展览或栽培的花草展览, 常为有奖竞赛. Paintings, drawings, etc are displayed in an exhibition 绘画等则在exhibition中展出: the Chelsea Flower Show 切尔西花展 *  a horse show 马展 *  an art exhibition 美术展览会.  5 A fair or funfair is also a collection of entertainments (roundabouts, stalls, etc) travelling from town to town. *fair或funfair也可作巡回的娱乐集会（有旋转木马、游戏摊位等）./dɪˈmɒnstrətɪv; dɪ`mɑnstrətɪv/ adj  1 (a) (of people) showing the feelings readily （指人）易流露感情的, 喜怒形于色的: Some people are more demonstrative than others. 有些人较爱流露感情. (b) expressing feelings, esp affection, openly 公开表露感情的（尤指爱慕之情）: He's very demonstrative: he kissed me on both cheeks. 他热情奔放, 吻了我的双颊.  2 (grammar) (of a determiner or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to （指限定词或代词）指示的: In `This is my bike', `this' is a demonstrative pronoun. 在This is my bike一句中, this是指示代词. > demonstratively adv. demonstrativeness n [U]: embarrassed by demonstrativeness 受公开表露的爱慕之情所窘./ˈdemənstreɪtə(r); `dɛmənˌstretɚ/ n  1 person who teaches or explains by demonstrating (demonstrate 2)  示范助教: The demonstrators set up apparatus for the experiment. 示范助教安排好了实验装置.  2 person who demonstrates (demonstrate 3) 示威者; 游行者; 集会者: The noisy demonstrators were dispersed by the police. 喧嚷的示威者遭警察驱散.=> demoralization=> demoralize/dɪˌmɒrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -ˌmɔːrələˈz-; dɪˌmɔrələ`zeʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈmɒrəlaɪz; <i>US</i> -ˈmɔːr-; dɪ`mɔrəl-ˌaɪz/ v [Tn] weaken the courage or self-confidence of (sb); dishearten 削弱（某人）的勇气或自信心; 使泄气; 使士气低落: The troops were thoroughly demoralized by this set-back. 这一挫败使部队士气丧失殆尽. * feel very demoralized 觉得十分沮丧 * The news is very demoralizing. 这消息很使人泄气. Cf 参看 dispirit. /ˌdiːˈməʊt; di`mot/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb to a lower rank or grade 将某人降级或降职: He was demoted from sergeant to corporal. 他由中士降到下士. Cf 参看 promote. /dɪˈmɒtɪk; dɪ`mɑtɪk/ adj of or used by ordinary people 民众的; 通俗的: demotic Greek, ie the informal, esp spoken, form of modern Greek 现代希腊语的通俗形式（尤指口语）./ˌdiːˈməʊʃn; di`moʃən/ n [C, U]./dɪˈmɜː(r); dɪ`mɝ/ v (-rr-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) express a doubt (about sth) or an objection (to sth) （对某事物）表示怀疑或反对: I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman demurred. 我建议对此事投票表决, 但主席表示反对.

n (idm 习语) without demur without objecting or hesitating 无异议地; 不犹豫地./dɪˈmjʊə(r); dɪ`mjᴜr/ adj (a) (pretending to be) quiet, serious and modest （故作）安静的, 严肃的, 谦虚的: a very demure young lady 假装矜持的少女. (b) suggesting that one is demure 显示安静的、严肃的、谦虚的: a demure smile, reply, etc 安静的微笑、谦逊的回答. adv. n [U]./ˌdiːˌmɪstɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌdimɪstəfə`keʃən/ n [U] action of making sth less mysterious 非神秘化: The demystification of the Resurrection upsets many Christians. 把耶稣的复活作非神秘化解释使许多基督徒不快./ˌdiːˈmɪstɪfaɪ; di`mɪstəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sth) less mysterious; make clear 使（某事物）非神秘化; 弄清楚: We are trying to demystify the workings of government. 我们要尽量使政府工作公开化./den; dɛn/ n  1 animal's hidden home, eg a cave 兽穴; 窝（如山洞）: a bear's/lion's den 熊的[狮子的]洞穴.  2 (derog 贬) secret meeting-place 秘密相聚之处: an `opium den 鸦片烟窟 * a den of thieves 贼窝.  3 (infml 口) room in a home where a person can work or study without being disturbed （家中的）私室, 书斋: retire to one's den 回到自己的私室.  4 (idm 习语) beard the lion in his den => beard2. a den of i`niquity/`vice (often joc 常作戏谑语) a place where evil or immoral activities go on 进行罪恶活动的地方: He thought of New York as a den of iniquity. 他认为纽约是个藏污纳垢之处.=> denationalization=> denationalize/ˌdiː ˌnʃənəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -lɪˈz-; diˌnæʃənəlɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈnæʃənəlaɪz; di`næʃənlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] put (a nationalized industry) back into private ownership, usu by selling shares in it; privatize 将（国营工业）恢复为私营; 使非国有化; 使私有化. Cf 参看 nationalize 1. /ˌdiːˈneɪtʃəd; di`netʃɚd/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) made unfit for eating and drinking (but possibly still usable for other purposes) 不适于食用或饮用的; 变性的: denatured alcohol 变性酒精. (b) having lost its natural qualities 已失去天然特性的: denatured rubber, ie no longer elastic 失去弹性的橡胶./dɪˈnaɪəbl; dɪ`naɪəbl/ adj that can be denied 可否认的; 可否定的; 可拒绝的: I suppose these changes are deniable? ie We might convince others they are not true. 我想这些更动可以驳回吧?/dɪˈnaɪəl; dɪ`naɪəl/ n  1 [C] ~ (of sth/that...) statement that sth is not true 否认: the prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him 囚犯对被控罪名再三否认 * an official denial that there would be an election in May 官方对五月份要进行选举一事加以否认.  2 [C, U] (a) ~ of sth refusal to grant (justice, rights, etc) （对公正处理、权利等的）拒绝, 拒不给予: condemn the denial of basic human freedoms 谴责剥夺基本的自由权. (b) ~ (of sth) refusal (of a request, etc) （对要求等的）拒绝: the denial of his request for leave 对他请假予以拒绝./ˈdenɪə(r); `dɛnɪr/ n unit for measuring fineness of rayon, nylon and silk yarns 旦尼尔, 旦（人造丝、尼龙、丝、纱线的纤度单位）: [attrib 作定语] 30 denier stockings  30旦的长袜./ˈdenɪgreɪt; `dɛnəˌˇret/ v [Tn] claim (unfairly) that (sb/sth) is inferior, worthless, etc; belittle 诋毁; 贬低; 诬蔑: denigrate sb's character, achievements, etc 诋毁某人的人格、成就等. /ˌdenɪ-ˈgreɪʃn; ˌdɛnə`ˇreʃən/ n [U]./ˈdenɪm; `dɛnəm/ n  1 [U] hard-wearing twilled cotton cloth (used for jeans, overalls, etc) 斜纹粗棉布（用于制牛仔裤、工作服、罩衫等）.  2 denims [pl] (infml 口) jeans made from this 斜纹粗棉布制的牛仔裤./ˈdenɪzn; `dɛnəzn/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) person or type of animal or plant living or growing permanently in a place 长久生长于某地的人或动植物: polar bears, denizens of the frozen north 北极熊, 北极冰天雪地的老住户 * Blenkinsop, a respected denizen of our school, ie a teacher who has been there for a long time. 布伦金索普, 我校长期备受尊敬的教师./dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃn; dɪˌnɑmə`neʃən/ n  1 (fml 文) name, esp of a general class or type; classification 名称（尤指种类名称）; 分类: agreed denominations for various species of fish 各种鱼的公认的分类.  2 religious group or sect 宗教派别: The Protestant denominations include the Methodists, the Presbyterians and the Baptists. 新教派别包括卫理公会派、长老会派、浸礼派.  3 class or unit of measurement or money 度量衡或货币的单位: The US coin of the lowest denomination is the cent. 美国硬币的最小单位是美分. * We can reduce fractions to the same denomination 分数可以化为同分母 /-ˈneɪʃənl; -`neʃənl/ adj of denominations (denomination 2) 宗教派别的: denominational schools 各教派的学校./dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(r); dɪ`nɑməˌnetɚ/ n (mathematics 数) number below the line in a fraction, showing how many parts the whole is divided into, eg 4 in  分母（如　中的 4）. Cf 参看 numerator./dɪˈnəʊt; dɪ`not/ v (a) [Tn] be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer to 作为（某事物）的名称、符号或象徵; 指的是: What does the term `organic' denote? organic一词指的是什么? * In algebra, the sign x usually denotes an unknown quantity. 在代数中, x符号通常代表一未知的量. (b) [Tn, Tf] indicate (sth) 表示（某事物）: The mark X denotes an omission. 增补号（X）表示有脱漏. * This mark denotes that a word has been deleted. 这个符号表示有个词已删掉./ˌdeɪˈnuːmɒŋ; <i>US</i> ˌdeɪnuːˈmɔːŋ; denu`mɔŋ/ n last part, esp of a novel, play, etc, in which everything is settled or made clear 最後部分; （尤指小说、戏剧等的）结局: In a surprising denouement, she becomes a nun. 结局出人意表, 她当修女了./dɪˈnaʊns; dɪ`naᴜns/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb （向当局）告发某人: An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). 检举人已向警方告发他（是恐怖分子）. (b) [Tn, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) say that sb/sth is wrong, unlawful, etc 谴责; 指责; 斥责: She strongly denounced the Government's hypocrisy. 她强烈谴责政府虚伪. * Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement. 工会负责人谴责这一行动破坏了协议.  2 [Tn] announce one's withdrawal from (a treaty, etc) 宣布退出（条约等）./dens; dɛns/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) very heavy in relation to each unit of volume 密度大的: a dense substance, rock, star 密度大的物质、岩石、星星. (b) (of liquids or vapour) not easily seen through （指液体、水气或烟雾）不易看透的, 浓的: dense fog/smoke 大雾[浓烟].  2 (of people and things) crowded together in great numbers （指人和物）稠密的, 密集的: a dense crowd, forest 密集的人群、茂密的森林.  3 (infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: How can you be so dense? 你怎么能如此愚蠢?> densely adv: a densely populated country 人口稠密的国家 * densely wooded, ie covered with trees growing close together 森林茂密的. n [U]./ˈdensətɪ; `dɛnsətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being dense(1b, 2) 浓度; 密度: the density of a forest, the fog, etc 森林的密度、雾的浓度.  2 [C, U] (physics 物) relation of mass to volume 密度（质量与体积的关系）./dent; dɛnt/ n  1 (also dint) hollow place in a hard even surface made by a blow or pressure 凹陷; 凹部; 凹痕: a dent in the boot of my car 我的汽车行李箱上的凹痕.  2 (idm 习语) (make) a dent in sth (infml 口) (cause) a reduction in sth 减少; 削减; 削弱: a dent in one's pride 自尊心的挫伤 * The repairs made a dent in our funds, ie cost us a lot. 这次修理用去了我们很多钱.

v (a) [Tn] make a dent or dents in (sth) 在（某物）上造成凹痕: The back of the car was badly dented in a collision. 这辆汽车後部在碰撞中造成很大的凹陷.(b) [I] get a dent or dents 出现凹痕: a metal that dents easily 容易出现凹痕的金属./ˈdentl; `dɛntl/ adj  1 of or for the teeth 牙齿的; 牙科的: dental care, treatment, etc 牙齿的保护、治疗等.  2 (phonetics 语音) pronounced with the tip of the tongue near or touching the upper front teeth 齿音的: dental sounds 齿音, 如/ W/、/T/.soft thread used for cleaning the gaps between the teeth 洁牙线（用以使牙缝清洁的软线）./ˈdentl haɪˈdʒiːnɪst; ˌdɛntl haɪ`dʒinɪst/ person who works, usu for a dentist, cleaning and polishing people's teeth 牙科保健员.= plate1 9.dentist 牙科医师./ˈdentɪfrɪs; `dɛntəˌfrɪs/ n [U] (fml 文) powder or paste used for cleaning the teeth 牙粉; 牙膏./ˈdentɪst; `dɛntɪst/ n person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teeth, and fitting artificial teeth 牙科医生./ˈdentɪstrɪ; `dɛntɪstrɪ/ n [U] work of a dentist 牙医术./ˈdentʃə(r); `dɛntʃɚ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) = plate1 9:a set of dentures 一副假牙./ˌdiːnjuːˈdeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nuː-; ˌdinu`deʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈnjuːd; <i>US</i> -ˈnuːd; dɪ`nud/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sth) make sth bare; take the covering off sth 使某物裸露; 去掉遮掩; 剥光: trees denuded of leaves 叶子落尽的秃树 * hillsides denuded of trees 无树的秃山坡. /dɪˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn; dɪˌnʌnsɪ`eʃən/ n [C, U](act of) denouncing 谴责; 斥责: her fierce denunciation(s) of her enemies 她对仇敌的强烈谴责./dɪˈnaɪ; dɪ`naɪ/ v (pt, pp denied)  1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] say that (sth) is not true 否认, 否定（某事）: deny a statement, a claim, an accusation, a charge, etc 否认一个说法、否定某人声称的事、否认一项指责、否认一项指控 * deny that sth is true 否定某事属实 * (fml 文) She denied this to be the case. 她不承认情况是这样. * He denied knowing anything about it. 他否认知道此事. * He denied that he was involved. 他否认与己有关. * There is no denying the fact that..., ie Everyone must admit that... 无可否认.... Cf 参看 affirm.  2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) refuse to give sb, or prevent sb from having, (sth asked for or wanted) 拒不给予某人（所求或所需之物）; 阻止某人获得（所求或所需之物）: He gave to his friends what he denied to his family. 他宁可赠予朋友也不给家里人. * She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me. 因不准她见我, 她非常生气. * He denies himself nothing. 他对自己极为放纵.  3 [Tn] say that one knows nothing about (sth); refuse to acknowledge; disown 声称对（某事）毫无所知; 拒绝承认; 否认与己有关: He denied any knowledge of their plans, ie claimed to know nothing about them. 他声称对他们的计划一无所知. * (fml 文) He denied the signature, ie said that it was not his. 他拒不承认这是他的签字./diːˈəʊdərənt; di`odərənt/ n [U, C] substance that removes or disguises (esp bodily) odours 除臭剂, 防臭剂（尤指除体臭者）.=> deodorize/diːˈəʊdəraɪz; di`odəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] remove (esp bad) smells from (sb/sth) 除去（某人[某物]）的臭味.abbr 缩写 =  1 depart(s); departed; departing; departure: dep Paris 23.05 hrs  23时05分自巴黎开出. Cf 参看 arr 2.  2 deputy./dɪˈpɑːt; dɪ`pɑrt/ v (fml 文)  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for...) (from...) go away; leave 走开; 离开: We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦. * The 10. 15 to Leeds departs from platform 4.  10点15分开往利兹的火车在第4站台上车.  2 (idm 习语) depart (from) this `life (arch or rhet 古或修辞) die 去世; 亡故.  3 (phr v) depart from sth behave in a way that differs from (what is usual or expected) 背离; 违反: depart from routine, standard practice, old customs, etc 违反常规、惯例、旧风俗等 * depart from the truth, ie not be truthful 背离事实./dɪˈpɑːtɪd; dɪ`pɑrtɪd/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 (fml or euph 文或婉) dead 死去的; 故去的: our departed heroes, eg soldiers who died in battle 我们那些与世长辞的英雄（如阵亡的士兵） * your dear departed brother 你挚爱的已故兄长.  2 (fml 文) past; bygone 过去的; 以往的: thinking of departed glories 怀念过去的光荣./dɪˈpɑːtmənt; dɪ`pɑrtmənt/ n  1 (abbr 缩写 Dept) each of several divisions of a government, business, shop, university, etc （政府、企业、商店、大学等的）部, 司, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系: the Department of the Environment 环境部 * the Education Department 教育部 * the export sales department 出口销售部 * the men's clothing department 男装部.  2 area of activity or knowledge 活动范围; 知识领域: Don't ask me about our finances: that's my wife's department. 我们家的经济情况你别问我, 那是我妻子的事.  3 administrative district, eg in France 行政区, 省（如法国的）.large shop where many kinds of goods are sold in different departments 百货公司./ˌdiːpɑːtˈmentl; diˌpɑrt`mɛntl/ adj of a department, rather than the whole organization 部门的（非整个组织的）: a departmental manager, meeting 部门的经理、会议./dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r); dɪ`pɑrtʃɚ/ n  1 (a) [U] ~ (from...) departing; going away 离开; 离去: His departure was quite unexpected. 他这一走很出人意料. * [attrib 作定语] the departure lounge, ie in an airport 候机室. (b) [C] instance of this 离开; 离去: notices showing arrivals and departures of trains 列车到达和开出时刻的公告.  2 (a) [C, U] ~ from sth action different from (what is usual or expected) 背离; 违反: a departure from old customs, the standard procedure, etc 同旧习俗、标准程序等相违. (b) [C] course of action; venture 行动; 大胆行事: Working on a farm is a new departure for him. 对他来说, 在农场工作是一种新的尝试.  3 (idm 习语) a point of departure => point1./dɪˈpend; dɪ`pɛnd/ v  1 (idm 习语) that de`pends; it (all) de`pends (used alone, or at the beginning of a sentence 单独使用, 或用于句首) the result will be decided by sth mentioned or implied 那得看情况: `Can I come?' `That depends: there might not be room in the car.' ｀我能来吗?＇｀那要看情况, 汽车里可能没有空座了.＇ * It depends how you tackle the problem. 那取决于你如何解决这个问题.  2 (phr v) depend on/upon sb/sth (a) be sure, or confidently expect, that sth will happen 确信; 坚信; 信赖: I'm depending on you coming. 我肯定你会来的. * You can never depend on his arriving on time. 决不可指望他能准时到达. * (ironic 反语) You can depend on her to be (ie She always is) late. 可以担保她必定迟到. * Depend on it (ie You can be sure): we won't give up. 可以打包票, 我们决不会放弃. (b) (be able to) believe that sb/sth will be reliable （能）相信某人[某事物]可靠: You can't depend on the train arriving on time. 千万不要认为这列火车能正点到达. * She's a woman who can be depended on. 她是个可以信赖的人. depend on sb/sth (for sth) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用于进行时态) (a) need sb/sth for a particular purpose （因某目的）需要某人[某事物]: I haven't got a car, so I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车, 所以我得乘公共汽车. * We depend on the radio for news. 我们靠收音机听新闻. (b) get money or other help from sb/sth 从某人[某事物]处得到钱或其他帮助: This area depends on the mining industry. 这个地区以采矿业为经济基础. * Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童靠父母供给衣食. depend on sth be decided by sth; follow from sth 视某事物而定; 取决于某事物: A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. 在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应. * How much is produced depends on how hard we work. 产量的大小在于我们努力的程度./dɪˌpendəˈbɪlətɪ; dɪ-ˌpɛndə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. adj that may be depended on 可信赖的; 可靠的: a dependable friend, car, service 可靠的朋友、汽车、服务. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./dɪˈpendənt; dɪ`pɛndənt/ n person who depends on others for a home, food, etc 依赖他人生活者; 受扶养者./dɪˈpendəns; dɪ`pɛndəns/ n [U] ~ on/upon sb/sth  1 trust in sb/sth; reliance on sb/sth 信赖; 信任: my complete dependence on her skill and experience 我对她的技巧和经验的完全信赖.  2 (a) state of having to be supported by others 依赖: Find a job and end your dependence on your parents. 找个工作, 别再依赖你父母了. (b) state of being affected by or needing sb/sth 依靠; 指望: the dependence of the crops on the weather 收成靠天 * medical treatment for drug/alcohol dependence 戒除毒瘾[酒瘾]的治疗./dɪˈpendənsɪ; dɪ`pɛndənsɪ/ n country governed or controlled by another 附属国; 附属地: The Hawaiian Islands are no longer a dependency of the USA. 夏威夷群岛已不再是美国的属地./dɪˈpendənt; dɪ`pɛndənt/ adj  1 ~ (on/upon sb/sth) needing support from sb 需要某人支持的; 依靠的; 依赖的: a woman with several dependent children 带着几个无法自理的孩子的女人 * be dependent on one's parents, a grant 依靠父母[补助].  2 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth affected or decided by sth 取决于某事物: Success is dependent on how hard you work. 成败取决于努力的程度.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth needing sth physically 肉体上需要某物: be dependent on drugs/alcohol 有毒瘾[酒瘾]. 

n (esp US) = dependant.= subordinate clause (subordinate)./dɪˈpɪkt; dɪ`pɪkt/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.g] (a) show (sb/sth) as a picture; portray 描绘（某人[某事物]）; 描画: a picture depicting him as a clown 把他画成小丑的画 * The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa. 这幅画画的是她坐在沙发上的姿势. (b) describe (sth) in words 描述, 描写（某事物）: Her novel depicts life in modern London (as an ordeal). 她的小说描写的是伦敦现代的生活（苦不堪言）. /dɪˈpɪkʃn; dɪ`pɪkʃən/ n [U, C]./dɪˈpɪlətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; dɪ`pɪləˌtɔrɪ/ n, adj (liquid, cream, etc) used for removing excess hair 用以脱毛的（液、膏、霜、油等）; 脱毛的; 脱毛剂./ˌdiːˈpleɪn; di`plen/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) leave an aircraft （使某人）下飞机: The troops (were) deplaned an hour later. 部队一个小时後下了飞机./dɪˈpliːt; dɪ`plit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) 大量削减（某物）的数量、能力或价值; 消耗: Our stock of food is greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * This expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone 几乎无鱼的湖./dɪˈpliːʃn; dɪ`pliʃən/ n [U] depleting or being depleted 削减; 消耗./dɪˈplɔːrəbl; dɪ`plɔrəbl/ adj that is, or should be, condemned （应）受谴责的: a deplorable attitude, speech 应受谴责的态度、讲话 * The acting was deplorable! 这种演技糟透了! /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./dɪˈplɔː(r); dɪ`plɔr/ v [Tn] (a) be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn 被（某事物）震惊或触犯; 谴责: She deplored his scandalous actions. 她谴责他那令人愤慨的行为. (b) feel sorrow or regret about (sth) 对（某事物）感到悲伤或悔恨./dɪˈplɔɪ; dɪ`plɔɪ/ v (a) [I, Tn] (cause troops, etc to) move into the correct position for battle （使部队等）进入战斗位置; 调度, 部署（军队等）: The infantry began to deploy at dawn. 步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置. * Artillery was deployed in the west. 炮兵部署在西边. (b) [Tn] use (sth) effectively 有效地使用（某物）: deploy one's arguments, resources, etc 有效地利用论据、资源等. n [U]./dɪˈpəʊnənt; dɪ`ponənt/ n (law 律) person who makes a written statement for use in a lawcourt （给法庭提供书面证词的）证人./ˌdiːˈpɒpjʊleɪt; di`pɑpjəˌlet/ v [Tn] reduce the number of people living in (a city, state, etc) 减少（某城市、州等）的人口: a country depopulated by war, famine, disease, etc 因战争、饥荒、疾病等而人口下降的国家. /ˌdiːpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌdipɑpjə`le-ʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈpɔːt; dɪ`pɔrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) legally force (a foreigner, criminal, etc) to leave a country 将（外国人、罪犯等）驱逐出境: He was convicted of drug offences and deported. 他被判犯有毒品罪而遭驱逐出境./ˌdiːpɔːˈteɪʃn; ˌdipɔr`teʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) deporting or being deported 驱逐出境: Years ago convicted criminals in England could face deportation to Australia. 很多年以前, 英国已定罪的犯人可能被驱逐到澳大利亚./ˌdiːpɔːˈtiː; ˌdipɔr`ti/ n person who is or has been deported 被驱逐出境的人./dɪˈpɔːtmənt; dɪ`pɔrtmənt/ n [U] (fml 文) (a) (Brit) way of standing and walking; bearing 举止; 风度; 仪态: Young ladies used to have lessons in deportment. 少女以前要上仪态课. (b) (US) behaviour 行为; 举止./dɪˈpəʊz; dɪ`poz/ v  1 [Tn] remove (esp a ruler such as a king) from power 罢免, 革除, 废黜（尤指统治者, 如国王）.  2 [Ipr, Tf] ~ to doing sth (law 律) give (usu written) evidence, esp on oath in a lawcourt （通常以书面）证明, 作证（尤指在法庭宣誓）: depose to having seen sth 宣誓证明曾目睹某事物 * depose that one saw sth 宣誓证明亲眼见到某事物. Cf 参看 deposition./dɪˈpɒzɪt; dɪ`pɑzɪt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 (a) put (money) into a bank, esp to earn interest, etc 将（钱）存入银行: The cheque was only deposited yesterday, so it hasn't been cleared yet. 这张支票昨天才存入银行, 所以尚未兑现. (b) ~ sth (with sb) give (sth valuable or important) to sb to be kept in a safe place 将（有价值的或重要之物）交与某人保管: deposit papers with one's lawyer 将文件交与律师保管.  2 (a) pay (sth) as part of a larger sum, the rest of which is to be paid later 付（定金）: I had to deposit 10% of the price of the house. 我必须先付房价的10%作定钱. (b) pay (a sum) as a guarantee in case one damages or loses sth one is renting 付（押金）: You must deposit 500 as well as the first month's rent. 你必须付500英镑押金及第一个月的租赁费.  3 ~ sth (on sth) (fml 文) (a) lay or put sth down 放下某物: He deposited the books on the desk. 他把书放在办公桌上了. * Some insects deposit their eggs on the ground. 有些昆虫把卵产在地上. (b) (esp of liquids or a river) cause (mud, silt, etc) to settle （尤指液体、河流）使（淤泥等）沉积: The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them. 尼罗河泛滥, 在田野上淤积一层泥.

/dɪˈpɒzɪt; dɪ`pɑzɪt/ n  1 [C] sum paid into an account, eg at a bank 存款: a 10 deposit  10英镑的存款 * She made two deposits of 500 last month. 她上月存了两笔500英镑的款.  2 [C] ~ (on sth) (a) payment of a part of a larger sum, the rest of which is to be paid later 定金; 定钱: The shop promised to keep the goods for me if I paid a deposit. 商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货. (b) sum that sb pays in advance, in case he damages or loses sth he is renting 押金; 保证金: I had to pay a 500 deposit to the landlord before I could move into the house. 我得付给房东500英镑押金才能搬进房里去.  3 [C, U] (a) layer of matter laid down by a liquid, river, etc （液体、河流等的）沉积物: A thick deposit of mud lay on the fields when the flood went down. 洪水退後, 田野上留下一层厚泥. (b) layer of matter (often deep in the earth) that has accumulated naturally （常为在地层深处的）沉积物, 矿床: Valuable deposits of oil have been found by drilling. 通过钻探发现很有开采价值的油层.  4 (idm 习语) on de`posit in a deposit account 在定期存款帐户中: have 2000 on deposit 有2000英镑定期存款.type of account, usu at a bank, in which money earns interest but cannot be taken out unless the bank is warned in advance 定期存款帐户. Cf 参看 current account (current1), savings account (saving)./ˌdepəˈzɪʃn; ˌdɛpə`zɪʃən/ n  1 [U] removing (a ruler such as a king) from power; dethronement （对国王等统治者的）废黜, 罢免.  2 [U, C] (law 律) (action of making a) statement on oath 宣誓作证; （经宣誓的）证词: The accused has made a deposition. 被告已宣誓作证. Cf 参看 depose./dɪˈpɒzɪtə(r); dɪ`pɑzɪtɚ/ n person who deposits (eg money in a bank) 存放者（如在银行存钱）; 存户; 储户./dɪˈpɒzɪtərɪ; dɪ`pɑzəˌtɔrɪ/ n place where things, eg furniture, are stored; storehouse 储藏室; 仓库./ˈdepəʊ; `dɛpo/ n (1) (a) storehouse, esp for military supplies; warehouse 仓库; （尤指）军需库; 栈房. (b) place where vehicles, eg buses, are kept 车库（如公共汽车的）. (2) (US) railway or bus station 火车站; 公共汽车站./ˌdeprəˈveɪʃn; ˌdɛprə`veʃən/ n [U] ./dɪˈpreɪv; dɪ`prev/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) make (sb) morally bad; corrupt 使（某人）道德败坏; 使堕落; 使腐化: a man depraved by bad company 被坏朋友带坏的人./dɪˈpreɪvd; dɪ`prevd/ adj morally bad; corrupt 道德败坏的; 堕落的; 腐化的: depraved thoughts, morals, companions 堕落的思想、道德、伙伴 * He was totally depraved. 他彻底堕落了./dɪˈprævətɪ; dɪ`prævətɪ/ n 1 [U] state of being depraved; corruption 堕落; 腐化: a life of depravity 腐化的生活 * sunk in depravity 堕落. 2  [C] depraved act 堕落的行为: the depravities of a corrupt ruler 腐败的统治者的堕落行为./ˈdeprəkeɪt; `dɛprəˌket/ v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tw, Tg, Tsg] feel and express disapproval of (sth) 对（某事物）表示不赞成; 反对: Hasty action is to be deprecated. 切不可草率行事. * He deprecates (her) changing the party's policy. 他不赞成（她）改变党的方针. (b) [Tn, Tw] feel embarrassed or displeased by (sb's flattery, etc) 因（某人的奉承等）觉得难为情或不自在: deprecate sb's compliments, condescending charm 对某人的奉承话、屈尊俯就的态度觉得不自在.adj: a deprecating smile 不以为然的微笑. adv. /ˌdeprɪ-ˈkeɪtərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `dɛprəkəˌtɔrɪ/ adj: a deprecatory remark, view, etc 表示不悦的言语、观点等./dɪˈpriːʃɪeɪt; dɪ`priʃɪˌet/ v  1 [I] become less valuable 贬值: Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值.  2 [Tn] state that (sth) is not valuable, important, etc; disparage 贬低; 轻视: Don't depreciate my efforts to help/what I have done. 不要轻视我为帮忙所付出的努力[我已做的事]. /dɪˌpriːʃɪˈeɪʃn; dɪˌpriʃɪ`eʃən/ n [C, U]: suffer a sharp depreciation 遭受巨大贬值损失. /dɪˈpriːʃətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; dɪ`priʃəˌtɔrɪ/ adj: depreciatory remarks about a great achievement 对一巨大成就的轻蔑言论./ˌdeprəˈdeɪʃn; ˌdɛprə`deʃən/ n [pl] (fml 文) damage caused by an attack, accident, etc （由攻击、事故等造成的）损坏, 破坏: The town survived the depredations of marauding gangs. 这个城镇经受住了打家劫舍的匪徒造成的破坏. * the depredations of the storm 暴风雨的蹂躏./dɪˈpres; dɪ`prɛs/ v [Tn]  1 make (sb) sad and without enthusiasm 使（某人）忧愁, 消沉, 沮丧: Wet weather always depresses me. 我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒.  2 press, push or pull (sth) down 将（某物）压下, 推下, 拉下: depress a lever, a piano key, a button, etc 压杠杆、按钢琴键、按钮.  3 make (esp trade) less active 使（尤指贸易）不活跃, 不景气, 萧条: depress a market 使市场萧条 * depress sales 使销售额下降 * A rise in oil prices depresses the car market. 油价上涨导致汽车市场不景气./-ənt; -nt/ n, adj (substance) that reduces mental or physical activity 抑制（脑力或体力活动）的（药物）: a depressant drug 抑制药.adj sad and without enthusiasm 忧愁的; 消沉的; 沮丧的: depressed about the election results 因选举结果而垂头丧气.part of a country where there is little economic activity (resulting in poverty and unemployment) （一国的）经济萧条地区.adj making one feel depressed 令人忧愁的; 使人沮丧的: a depressing sight, prospect, film 令人沮丧的景象、前景、影片. depressingly adv: The crime rate is depressingly high. 犯罪率太高, 令人忧心忡忡./dɪˈpreʃn; dɪ`prɛʃən/ n  1 [U] being depressed; low spirits 忧愁; 沮丧; 消沉: He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开, 自杀了.  2 [C] hollow sunken place in the surface of sth, esp the ground; dip 凹陷处; （尤指）洼地, 坑: depressions on the face of the moon 月球表面的凹陷处 * The soldiers hid from the enemy in a slight depression. 士兵们隐藏在低洼处, 躲过了敌人.  3 [C] period when there is little economic activity, and usu poverty and unemployment 经济萧条期.  4 [C] (a) (winds caused by a) lowering of atmospheric pressure 气压降低（形成的气流）. (b) area where this happens 低气压区: a depression over Iceland 冰岛上空的低气压区. Cf 参看 anticyclone./dɪˈpresɪv; dɪ`prɛsɪv/ adj  1 tending to depress; of depression 忧愁的; 压抑的; 沮丧的; 抑郁的: a depressive drug, illness 易产生抑郁的药物、疾病.  2 intended to reduce trading activity 为减少贸易活动的: a depressive financial policy 为抑制贸易活动而采取的金融方针.

n person who often suffers from depression(1) 经常忧愁、沮丧、消沉的人.=> depressurization=> depressurizen [U]./ˌdiːˈpreʃəraɪz; di`prɛʃəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] reduce the pressure of air or gas in (a vessel, cabin, etc) 减低, 降低（容器、舱室等）的气压. /ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃn; ˌdɛprɪ`veʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) depriving or being deprived 剥夺: suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen 公民权遭到剥夺. (b) state of not having the normal benefits of adequate food, etc; poverty 贫乏; 穷困: widespread deprivation caused by unemployment 由失业造成的普遍贫困现象.  2 [C] thing of which one is deprived 被剥夺的事物; 丧失的事物: Missing the holiday was a great deprivation. 错过假日是极大的损失./dɪˈpraɪv; dɪ`praɪv/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sth take sth away from sb/sth; prevent sb/sth from enjoying or using sth 剥夺某人[某事物]的某事物; 阻止某人[某事物]享有或使用某事物: deprived of one's civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权 * trees that deprive a house of light 遮住房中光线的树 * (joc 谑) Are you depriving us of your company (ie leaving us)? 你要舍我们而去吗?adj without the normal benefits of adequate food, housing, health care, etc 贫困的; 穷苦的: a deprived childhood, background, area 贫苦的童年、出身、地区 * The poorest and most deprived people will receive special government help. 最穷的、生活条件最差的人可得到政府的特别援助.abbr 缩写 = Department(1): Linguistics Dept, eg of a university 语言学系（如大学的）./depθ; dɛpθ/ n  1 [C, U] (a) distance from the top down 深, 深度（从上至下的距离）: the depth of the well, mine, box, trunk 井、矿井、盒、行李箱的深度 * Water was found at a depth of 30 ft. 在30英尺深处找到了水. * At what depth does the wreck lie? 沉船位置的深度是多少? =>illus at dimension 见dimension之插图. (b) distance from the front to the back 宽, 宽度（从前至後的距离）: shelves with a depth of 8 ins  8英寸宽的搁板. (c) distance from the surface inwards 深, 深度（从表面向内部的距离）: the depth of a wound, crack, etc 伤口、裂缝等的深度.  2 [C, U] (a) (of colours, darkness, etc) intensity （指颜色、黑暗等）浓度, 强度. (b) (of sounds) lowness in pitch （指声音）低沉.  3 [U] (a) (of feelings, etc) sincerity; intensity （指感情等）诚挚, 真诚, 强烈: the depth of her love 她爱情的真挚. (b) ability to understand or explain difficult ideas 领悟或解释深奥意念的能力: a writer of great depth and wisdom 极具领悟力和智慧的作家. (c) having or showing this ability 上述能力的体现: a novel that lacks depth 缺乏深度的小说.  4 (idm 习语) ,in `depth thoroughly 完全地; 彻底地; 深入地: to study a subject in depth 深入研究一科目 * [attrib 作定语] an ,in-depth `study 深入的研究. in the ~(s) of sth when or where sth is deepest, most severe, etc 在最深处; 在最严峻的时刻: in the depth of winter 在隆冬 * in the depths of despair 在绝望的深渊 * in the depth of the country, ie a long way from a town 在偏远的乡村. (be/get) out of one's depth (a) (be/go) in water too deep to stand in 在深得不能站立的水中: If you can't swim, don't get out of your depth. 不会游泳就不要到水深没顶的地方去. (b) (be/become) unable to understand a subject or topic 不能理解: When they start talking about economics, I'm out of my depth. 他们一谈起经济学, 我就一窍不通了. plumb the depths of sth => plumb.bomb used against submarines that explodes under water 深水炸弹. Cf 参看 mine2./ˌdepjʊˈteɪʃn; ˌdɛpjə`teʃən/ n [CGp] group of people given the right to act or speak for others 代表团./dɪˈpjuːt; dɪ`pjut/ v (fml 文)  1 [Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give (one's work, authority, etc) to sb else 将（工作、职权等）交予某人: He deputed the running of the department to an assistant. 他把部门的管理工作委托给助手了.  2 [Dn.t] give (sb else) authority to act or speak on one's behalf 给予（某人）代表行事或发言之权: They were deputed to put our views to the assembly. 他们代表我们向议会表达我们的观点.=> deputize/ˈdepjʊtaɪz; `dɛpjəˌtaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act or speak on sb's behalf 代表某人行事或说话: Dr Mitchell's ill so I'm deputizing (for her). 米切尔博士病了, 所以我做代理（她的）工作./ˈdepjʊtɪ; `dɛpjətɪ/ n  1 person who is given work, authority, etc (eg during sb's absence) 代理人; 代表: I'm acting as deputy till the headmaster returns. 我在校长回来前代行他的职务.  2 person who is immediately below the head of a business, school, etc （企业、学校等领导人的）副手: the Director General and his deputy 董事长及其副手 * [attrib 作定语] the deputy headmistress 女副校长.  3 (in some countries, eg France) member of a legislative assembly （某些国家中, 如法国的）议员./dɪˈreɪl; dɪ`rel/ v [Tn] cause (a train, etc) to go off the rails 使（火车等）脱轨: The engine was derailed by a tree lying across the line. 有一棵树横在铁轨上, 造成机车出轨. n./dɪˈreɪndʒd; dɪ`rendʒd/ adj unable to act and think normally, esp because of mental illness; seriously disturbed 精神错乱的; （尤指）有精神病的; 精神失常的: She's completely deranged. 她完全精神错乱了. * a deranged attacker, mind, laugh 疯狂的攻击者、失常的心态、狂笑. n [U]./ˈdɑːbɪ; <i>US</i> ˈdɜːrbɪ; `dɝbɪ/ n  1 the Derby [sing] annual horse race at Epsom, England 德比马赛（英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的马赛）.  2 [C] (US) any of several annual horse races （每年举行的任何的）马赛.  3 [C] any important sporting contest （任何重要的）运动比赛: a local derby, ie between local teams 本地的运动比赛.

/ˈdɜːrbɪ; `dɝbɪ/ n (US) = bowler2.day when the Derby is run (in June) （英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的）马赛日（在六月份）./ˌdiːˈregjʊleɪt; di`rɛˇjəˌlet/ v [Tn] remove the regulations from (sth) 撤销对（某事物）的规定、管制: deregulate the price of oil 撤销对石油价格的管制. n [U]./ˈderəlɪkt; `dɛrəˌlɪkt/ adj deserted and allowed to fall into ruins; dilapidated 弃置的; 破旧的; 坍塌的: a derelict house 弃置的房屋 * derelict areas 离弃的地区./ˌderəˈlɪkʃn; ˌdɛrə`lɪkʃən/ n  1 [U] being derelict 遗弃; 弃置: a house in a state of dereliction 弃置的房屋.  2 (idm 习语) ,dereliction of `duty (fml 文) (deliberate) failure to do what one ought to do 失职: be guilty of a serious dereliction of duty 犯严重失职罪./ˌdiːrɪˈstrɪkt; ˌdirɪ`strɪkt/ v [Tn] remove a restriction, esp a speed limit, from (sth) 取消对（某事 物）的限制（尤指车速）: derestrict a road 取消对一公路的速度限制./dɪˈraɪd; dɪ`raɪd/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth 嘲笑; 嘲弄: They derided his efforts (as childish). 他们嘲笑他的做法（很幼稚）./dɪˈrɪʒn; dɪ`rɪʒən/ n [U] ridicule or mockery 嘲笑; 嘲弄; 笑柄: be an object of general derision, ie be derided by everybody 是大家嘲弄的对象 * Her naive attitude provoked their derision. 她那天真的态度受到他们嘲笑./dɪˈraɪsɪv; dɪ`raɪsɪv/ adj showing ridicule or mockery 嘲笑的; 嘲弄的: derisive laughter, booing, etc 嘲弄的笑声、嘘声等. adv./dɪˈraɪsərɪ; dɪ`raɪsərɪ/ adj  1 so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering seriously 不值一哂的: a derisory offer, eg 100 for a car that is worth 1000 低得可笑的出价（如对价值1000英镑的汽车, 出价100英镑）.  2 = derisive./ˌderɪˈveɪʃn; ˌdɛrə`veʃən/ n  1 [U] development or origin (esp of words) 发展; 起源; （尤指词语的）派生: the derivation of words from Latin 词语自拉丁文的派生 * a word of French derivation 由法语派生的词.  2 [C] (a) first form and meaning of a word 词源. (b) later change of form and meaning 派生的词形和词义: give the derivations of words 指出词语的派生词形和词义./dɪˈrɪvətɪv; də`rɪvətɪv/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) derived from sth else; not original 由他事物演变的; 非独创的: a derivative design, style, etc 蹈袭前人的设计、式样等.

n derived word or thing 派生词; 衍生物: `Assertion' is a derivative of `assert'. assertion是assert的派生词./dɪˈraɪv; də`raɪv/ v  1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml 文) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth 得到; 获取: derive great pleasure from one's studies 从学习中获得极大乐趣 * She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 她用药经此疗程後并无好转.  2 (a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth 源自; 源于: Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) 对某事物追本穷源: We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict 这一词的起源可以追溯到拉丁文的 derelictus.comb form 构词成分 of skin 皮肤的: dermatology * dermatitis./ˌdɜːməˈtaɪtɪs; ˌdɝmə`taɪtɪs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the skin 皮炎./ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst; ˌdɝmə`tɑlədʒɪst/ n expert in dermatology 皮肤学专家; 皮肤病专家./ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪ; ˌdɝmə`tɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] medical study of the skin and its diseases, etc 皮肤学; 皮肤病学./ˈdɜːmɪs; `dɝmɪs/ n (anatomy 解) layer of skin below the epidermis 真皮（表皮下面的皮层）./ˈderəgeɪt; `dɛrəˌˇet/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) cause sth to seem inferior; detract from sth 贬低; 减损; 毁损: remarks derogating from her merits, qualities, virtues, etc 贬低她的优点、品质、美德等的言语./dɪˈrɒgətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; dɪ`rɑˇəˌtɔrɪ/ adj (abbr derog in this dictionary 本词典缩写作derog) showing a hostile or critical attitude (to sb's reputation, etc); insulting 贬低的; 毁损的; 贬抑的; 侮辱的: The word `pig' is a derogatory term for policeman. pig是个侮辱警察的词. * remarks that were highly derogatory 极伤人的言语./ˈderɪk; `dɛrɪk/ n  1 large crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, esp on a ship 转臂起重机; （尤指轮船上的）桅杆起重机.  2 framework over an oil well or borehole, to hold the drilling machinery, etc 井架; 钻塔. Cf 参看 oil rig (oil)./ˌderɪŋˈduː; `dɛrɪŋ`du/ n [U] (arch or joc 古或谑) heroic deeds 英勇事迹: stirring tales of derring-do 讲述英勇事迹的激动人心的故事./dɜːv; dɝv/ n [U] (Brit) fuel oil for diesel engines (from diesel-engined road vehicle) 柴油机燃油（由diesel-engined road vehicle四词的首字母组成）./ˈdɜːvɪʃ; `dɝvɪʃ/ n member of a Muslim religious order （伊斯兰教的）苦行僧人: dancing dervishes, ie those who take part in whirling dances 跳旋转舞蹈的苦行僧人./ˌdiː iː ˈes; ˌdi i `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Department of Education and Science 教育暨科学部: DES grants 教育暨科学部拨款./ˌdiːˈsælɪneɪt; di`sæləˌnet/ v [Tn] remove salt from (esp sea-water) 从（尤指海水）中除去盐分; 使脱盐. /ˌdiːˌslɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdisælə`neʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈskeɪl; di`skel/ v [Tn] remove scale1(3) from (eg the inside of boilers and kettles) 从（如锅炉和水壶的内壁）上除去水垢, 水锈./ˈdeskænt; `dɛskænt/ n (music 音) treble accompaniment (often improvised) which is sung or played to a melody 高音部伴奏或伴唱（常为即兴的）.

v / dI5sknt; dI`skAnt/ [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth  1 (music 音) sing or play a descant on sth 为某乐曲作高音伴奏或伴唱.  2 (fml 文) talk for a long time about sth; comment on sth 长时间谈论某事; 评论某物: descant endlessly on the Government's failings 无尽无休地谈论政府的过失./dɪˈsend; dɪ`sɛnd/ v  1 (fml 文) (a) [I, Tn] come or go down (sth) 下来; 下去; 下降: The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 气球空气外逸而缓缓下降. * She descended the stairs. 她走下楼梯. (b) [I] (of a hill, etc) lead downwards; slope （指山等）下倾, 下斜: We turned the corner and saw that the road descended steeply. 我们转过弯, 看到路陡然下倾.  2 [Ipr] ~ from sb (of properties, qualities, rights) pass from father to son; be inherited by sb from sb （指财产、气质、权利）由父传子, 从某人处继承, 传下, 遗传: The title descends to me from my father. 这个头衔是由我父亲传给我的.  3 [I] (fml 文) (of night, darkness) fall （指夜、黑暗）降临: Night descends quickly in the tropics. 热带地区黑夜来得很快.  4 (idm 习语) be descended from sb have sb as an ancestor 为某人的後裔: She claims to be descended from royalty. 她声称她是皇室後裔.  5 (phr v) descend on/upon sb/sth (a) attack sb/sth suddenly 袭击某人[某物]: The police descended on their hide-out. 警察突袭了他们的藏身处. (b) visit sb/sth unexpectedly or inconveniently 出乎意料地或不合时宜地去见某人[来到某处]: My sister's family is descending on us this weekend. 想不到我姐姐一家本周末要到我们这里来. descend to sth (no passive 不用于被动语态) do or say sth that is mean and unworthy of one; stoop to sth 做或说卑鄙无耻的事; 降低身分或人格做某事: descend to fraud, abuse, bad language 堕落到去欺诈、辱骂、使用下流语言./-ənt; -ənt/ n person descended from another 後代; 後裔: the descendants of Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王的後裔. Cf 参看 ancestor 1./dɪˈsent; dɪ`sɛnt/ n  1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] coming or going down 下来; 下去: The plane began its descent into Paris. 飞机到巴黎开始降落. (b) [C] slope 斜坡: Here there is a gradual descent to the sea. 这里有个通向海的缓坡.  2 [U] origins; ancestry 出身; 血统; 祖先; 祖籍: of French descent, ie having French ancestors 祖籍法国 * He traces his descent from the Stuart kings. 他的祖先可追溯至斯图亚特国王.  3 [C] ~(on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) (a) attack 攻击; 袭击: the invaders' descent on the town 入侵者对该城的攻击. (b) unexpected or inconvenient visit 出乎意料的或不合时宜的到访: a sudden descent by tax officials 税务官员之突然到来.  4 [sing] change to behaviour that is low and unworthy 堕落: a sharp descent to violent abuse 突然粗俗得破口大骂./dɪˈskraɪb; dɪ`skraɪb/ v  1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sb/sth (to/for sb); ~ sb/sth as sth say what sb/sth is like; depict sth in words 描述某人[某事物]; 叙述某事物; 形容: Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 那景色之美难以言传. * Describe (to me) how you were received. （跟我）说说接待你的情况. * She described it as red with pink frills. 她将之描述为红色的带有粉红色饰边.  2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth state sb/sth to be sth; call 叫做; 称做: I hesitate to describe him as really clever. 我很难说他真聪明. * He describes himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生.  3 [Tn] (a) draw (esp a geometrical figure) 画（尤指几何图形）: describe a circle with a pair of compasses 用圆规画圆. (b) move along (a line, curve, etc) 沿（直线、曲线等）移动: A bullet describes a curved path in the air. 子弹在空中作曲线运动./dɪˈskrɪpʃn; dɪ`skrɪpʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] saying in words what sb/sth is like 对某人[某事物]的描述、叙述、形容: He's not very good at description. 他不大擅长描写叙述. * The scenery was beautiful beyond description. 那风景美丽得难以形容. (b) [C] picture in words 描绘: Can you give me a description of the thief? 你能给我形容一下那个窃贼的模样吗?  2 (preceded by of and an adj or some, every, etc 用于of和形容词或some、every等之後) (infml 口) type; sort 类型; 种类: boats of every description 各种类型的船 * a house of some description 某种类型的房子 * wearing a dress of no particular description, ie a very ordinary dress 穿着很普通的连衣裙 * medals, coins and things of that description 那一类的纪念章、硬币、东西.  3 (idm 习语) answer to a description => answer2. beggar description => beggar./dɪˈskrɪptɪv; dɪ`skrɪptɪv/ adj  1 (a) giving a picture in words 描述的; 描写的: a descriptive passage in a novel 小说中的一段描写. (b) describing sth with skill 精于描述的: a very descriptive account of a journey 对旅程十分生动的叙述 * The report was so descriptive, I felt as if I were there. 这报道写得活色生香, 我也宛如身临其境.  2 (grammar) describing how language is actually used, without giving rules for how it ought to be used 描写语言的（描述语言的使用实况而不规定使用规则的）. adv. n [U]./dɪˈskraɪ; dɪ`skraɪ/ v (pt, pp descried) [Tn] (fml 文) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of 看见（某物）（尤指从远处）; 望见: I descry a sail on the horizon. 我看见在天水交接处的轮船./ˈdesɪkreɪt; `dɛsɪˌkret/ n [Tn] treat (a sacred thing or place) in an unworthy or evil way 亵渎（圣物或圣地）: desecrate a grave, chapel, monument, etc 亵渎坟墓、小教堂、纪念碑等./ˌdesɪˈkreɪʃn; ˌdɛsɪ`kreʃən/ n [U] desecrating or being desecrated 亵渎./ˌdiːˈsegrɪgeɪt; di`sɛˇrɪˇet/ v [Tn] end racial segregation in (sth) 废除（某事物）的种族隔离: desegregate schools, buses 废除学校里、公共汽车里的种族隔离. /ˌdiːˌsegrɪˈgeɪʃn; diˌsɛˇrɪ`ˇeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːsɪˈlekt; ˌdisə`lɛkt/ v [Tn] (Brit) (of a local constituency party) reject (the existing Member of Parliament) as a candidate at a forthcoming election （指地方选区政党）否决（现任议员）作下届候选人.n [U].=> desensitization=> desensitize/ˌdiːˌsensɪtaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -təˈz-; ˌdisɛnsətə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈsensɪtaɪz; di`sɛnsəˌtaɪz/ v [Tn] make (a patient, nerve, etc) insensitive or less sensitive to light, pain, etc 使（病人、神经等）对光、疼痛等无感觉或不敏感; 使脱敏: desensitize an area of skin 使一块皮肤脱敏 * (fig 比喻) people who are morally desensitized 道德观念不强的人. /dɪˈzɜːt; dɪ`zɝt/ v  1 [Tn] (a) go away from (a place) without intending ever to return 离弃（一地方）; 放弃; 遗弃: desert a house, city, etc 离弃一所房屋、一座城市等 * The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area. 全村人都匆匆逃走了, 或许因为该地区有恐怖分子. (b) leave (sb) without help or support; abandon 离弃（某人）; 抛弃: He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 他抛弃了妻子儿女, 出国去了. * He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him. 他变得十分粗野, 朋友们都不和他来往了.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn] leave (esp service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away 擅自离开（尤指军中或船上的职守）; 逃跑; 潜逃: A soldier who deserts (his post) in time of war is punished severely. 战争期间开小差的士兵要受到严惩. * desert from the army 开小差.  3 [Tn] fail (sb) when needed 在关键时使（某人）失望: His courage/presence of mind deserted him. 他丧失了勇气[再不能镇定自若].

/ˈdezət; `dɛzɚt/ n [C, U] (large area of) barren land, with very little water and vegetation, often sand-covered 沙漠; 荒漠; 荒原: Vast areas of land have become desert. 广大的地区均已变成沙漠. * the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 * [attrib 作定语] desert wastes, sands, etc 不毛的荒地、沙漠等.uninhabited island (esp in the tropics) 无人居住的岛（尤指热带地区的）.adj (a) with no one present 无人的: a deserted street, area, etc 空无一人的街道、地区等 * The office was quite deserted. 这个办公室里没有人. (b) abandoned 被离弃的; 被遗弃的; 被抛弃的: a deserted hut, house, etc 被离弃的小屋、房子等 * a deserted wife, ie one whose husband has left her 遭遗弃的妻子.n person who deserts (desert1 2) 擅离职守者; 开小差者; 潜逃者./dɪˈzɜːʃn; dɪ`zɝʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) deserting or being deserted 离弃; 遗弃; 抛弃; 开小差: Is desertion grounds for divorce? 被配偶遗弃是离婚的理由吗? * Desertion from the army is punishable by death. 开小差可处死刑./dɪˈzɜːts; dɪ`zɝts/ n [pl] what one deserves 应得到的事物: be rewarded/punished according to one's deserts 受到应得的奖赏[惩罚] * get/meet with one's just deserts 得到应得的奖赏或惩罚./dɪˈzɜːv; dɪ`zɝv/ v (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态)  1 [Tn, Tt] be sth or have done sth for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc); be entitled to; merit 应受（奖赏、特殊待遇等）; 应得; 值得: The article deserves careful study. 这篇文章值得仔细研究. * She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力, 应得到奖赏. * He richly deserved all that happened to him. 他得到这一切确是受之无愧. * They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱. * much deserved praise 受之无愧的赞扬.  2 (idm 习语) deserve well/ill of sb (fml 文) be worthy of good/bad treatment by sb 应该受到某人好的[坏的]待遇: She deserves well of her employers. 她应当受到雇主善待. one good turn deserves another => turn2./dɪˈzɜːvɪdlɪ; dɪ`zɝvɪdlɪ/ adv according to what is deserved; justly; rightly 应得地; 理所当然地; 恰如其分地: She was deservedly praised. 她受到了应得的表扬./dɪˈzɜːvɪŋ; dɪ`zɝvɪŋ/ adj ~ (of sth) worthy of help, praise, a reward, etc （帮助、赞扬、奖励等）应得的, 值得的: give money to a deserving cause 把钱捐给值得赞助的事业 * be deserving of sympathy 值得同情的 * a very deserving case, eg sb who used to be generous and now needs help 很值得帮助的人./ˌdeɪzæˈbiːeɪ; ˌdɛzə`bil/ n [U] (French 法) state of being only partly dressed 衣着仅部分遮体: appear in deshabille 出现时衣着随便./ˈdesɪkənt; `dɛsəkənt/ n substance that absorbs moisture, and is often used to keep food in good condition 乾燥剂./ˈdesɪkeɪt; `dɛsəˌket/ v [Tn] remove all the moisture from (esp solid food) to preserve it 除去（尤指食物的）水分; 使脱水: desiccated fruit/coconut 水果[椰子]乾./dɪˌzɪdəˈrɑːtəm; dɪˌzɪdə`rɑtəm/ n (pl -rata/ -5rB:tE; -`rBtE/) (fml 文) thing that is lacking and needed 需要的东西: The report on the hospital mentions such desiderata as a supply of clean laundry. 报告中提到该医院需要乾净的洗换物品./dɪˈzaɪn; dɪ`zaɪn/ n  1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made 图样; 设计图: designs for a dress, a garden, an aircraft 连衣裙、花园、飞机的设计图. (b) [U] art of making such drawings, etc 设计术; 制图术: study textile design 学习纺织品设计术 * industrial design 工业设计.  2 [U] general arrangement or planning (of a building, book, machine, picture, etc) （建筑物、书、机器、画等的）设计, 布局: The building seats 2000 people, but is of poor design. 这座建筑物可容纳2000人, 但设计很差. * A machine of faulty design will not sell well. 设计不良的机器销路不会好.  3 [C] arrangement of lines, shapes or figures as decoration on a carpet, vase, etc; pattern （地毯、花瓶等上的）装饰图案; 图案: a bowl with a flower design 有花卉图案的碗.  4 [U, C] purpose; intention 目的; 打算; 意向: We don't know if it was done by accident or by design, ie deliberately. 我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的. * His evil designs were frustrated. 他的罪恶企图未能得逞.  5 (idm 习语) have designs on sb/sth intend to harm sb/sth or take sb/sth for oneself 企图伤害某人[某事物]; 企图将某人[某事物]据为己有: She has designs on his money. 她觊觎他的钱财. * He has designs on her, eg wants to seduce her. 他对她存心不良（如想诱奸她）.

v  1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) decide how sth will look, work, etc, esp by making plans, drawings or models of it 设计; 制图: Do the Italians really design better than we do? 意大利人真比我们会设计吗? * design a car, a dress, a tool, an office 设计汽车、连衣裙、工具、办公室 * They've designed us a superb studio. 他们给我们设计了一个极好的工作室. * We design kitchens for today's cooks. 我们为当今一代的厨师设计厨房. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] think of and plan (a system, procedure, etc); devise 想出, 计划（一系统、步骤等）; 谋划: Can anyone design a better timetable? 有人能定出更好的时间表吗? * We shall have to design a new curriculum for the third year. 我们得设计出三年级的新课程.  2 (idm 习语) be designed for sb/sth; be designed as sth; be designed to do sth be made or planned for a particular purpose or use 为某目的或用途而制造或计划: The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates. 这些手套是为严寒地区制造的. * This course is designed as an introduction to the subject. 这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的. * The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. 这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的. /ˈdezɪgneɪt, -nət; `dɛzɪˇnet, -nət/ adj (following ns 用于名词之後) appointed to a job (but not yet having officially started it) 已受委任（而尚未上任）的: the editor, director, archbishop, etc designate 已受委任的编辑、董事、大主教等.

/ˈdezɪgneɪt; `dɛzɪˇˌnet/ v  1 [Tn] mark or point out (sth) clearly 清楚地标出或指出（某事物）: designate the boundaries of sth 标出某事物的分界线.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as) sth (fml 文) (a) choose sb/sth for a special purpose 为某目的选择某人[某事物]: The town has been designated (as) a development area. 该城已被定为开发区. (b) give a particular name, title or position to sb 给某人某名称、称号、职务或地位: She was designated (as) sportswoman of the year. 她被命名为本年度的体坛明星. * The chairman has designated Christina as his successor. 主席已指定克里斯蒂娜作他的继任人./ˌdezɪgˈneɪʃn; ˌdɛzɪˇ`neʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] ~ (as sth) appointing of sb to an office 任命; 委派.  2 [C] name, title or description 名称; 称号; 称呼: His official designation is Financial Controller. 他的职称是财务总监./-ɪdlɪ; -ɪdlɪ/ advintentionally; on purpose 有意地; 蓄意地; 故意地. designing n [U] art of making designs (for machinery, dresses, etc) （机械、服装等的）设计术./dɪˈzaɪnə(r); dɪ`zaɪnɚ/ n person whose job is designing (eg machinery, furniture, fashionable clothes) 设计者（如机器、家具、时装的设计人）: an industrial designer 工业设计师 * dressed by a leading New York designer 穿着纽约主要设计师设计的服装 * [attrib 作定语] designer jeans 标有设计师姓名的牛仔裤 * (joc 谑) designer stubble, ie an unshaven look deliberately cultivated for effect （讲派头而不刮脸的）胡子拉碴./dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ; dɪ`zaɪnɪŋ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (derog 贬) wanting to carry out one's own secret plans; cunning 别有用心的; 狡猾的: Designing colleagues stopped them from promoting me. 有些别有用心的同事阻止他们提拔我./dɪˌzaɪərəˈbɪlətɪ; dɪˌzaɪrə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /dɪˈzaɪərəbl; dɪ`zaɪrəbl/ adj  1 ~ (that...) worth having; to be wished for 值得有的; 想望的; 称心的; 合意的: a desirable residence, solution 称心的住所、解决方法 * It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两人都来, 这最好不过了.  2 (of a person) arousing sexual desire （指人）引起性欲的, 性感的: a very desirable woman 非常性感的女子./-rəblɪ; -rəblɪ/ adv./dɪˈzaɪə(r); dɪ`zaɪr/ n  1 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) strong sexual longing 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: my desire for her/to make love with her 我对她的强烈的情欲[与她做爱的强烈欲望]. (b) [C] instance of this 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: passionate, intense, strong, etc desires 热切的、极大的、强烈的...性欲 * satisfy one's desires 满足性欲.  2 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) longing; craving 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: They had little desire for wealth/to get rich. 他们对财富[致富]无大欲望. * his country's desire for friendly relations/to establish friendly relations 他们国家对友好关系[建立友好关系]的热望. (b) [C] instance of this; wish 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: enough to satisfy all your desires 完全能满足你所有的愿望.  3 [C] person or thing that is wished for 想望的人或物: She is my heart's desire. 她是我心上人.

/dɪˈzaɪə(r); dɪ`zaɪr/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt] (fml 文) wish for (sth); want 希望得到（某事物）; 想要: We all desire happiness and health. 我们都希望幸福和健康. * Our holiday was all that could be desired, ie was entirely satisfactory. 我们的假日称心如意. * She desires you to come/that you come at once. 她希望你立即来. * I have long desired to meet them. 我一直渴望见到他们. (b) [Tn] be sexually attracted to (sb) 被（某异性）吸引: She desires his young, strong body. 他年轻强壮的身体使她春心荡漾.  2 (idm 习语) leave a lot, etc to be desired => leave1./dɪˈzaɪərəs; dɪ`zaɪrəs/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/doing sth; ~ that... (fml or rhet 文或修辞) having a wish for (sth); wanting 希望; 渴望: desirous of peace 渴望和平 * desirous of restoring relations between our two countries 渴望恢复我们两国之间的关系 * desirous that these initiatives should lead to further exchanges 希望这些主动的行动能促进交流./dɪˈzɪst; dɪ`zɪst/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml 文) stop sth/doing sth; cease 停止某事物[不再做某事物]; 停止; 结束: I wish he'd desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night. 但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友./desk; dɛsk/ n  1 piece of furniture with a flat or sloping top, often with drawers, at which one can read, write or do business 书桌; 办公桌: an office desk 办公桌 * children seated at their desks 坐在各自书桌前的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a desk job 办公室的工作. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 table or counter in a public building behind which a receptionist, cashier, etc works （接待员、出纳员等的）桌子, 柜台: an enquiry/information desk 问询处[问讯处] * leave a message at the desk of the hotel 在旅馆的服务处留言.  3 office, eg in a newspaper or ministry, that handles a particular matter 办事处（如报社或政府部门的）; 部; 司; 组: Jefferies is running the sports desk. 杰弗里斯负责体育新闻组.(US) = clerk 3./-tɒp; -ˌtɑp/ n top of a desk 桌面: [attrib 作定语] a desk-top computer, ie one that fits on a desk 台式计算机 * [attrib 作定语] desk-top publishing, ie using a microcomputer and (esp a laser) printer to produce high-quality printed material 桌面出版（使用微型计算机和印字机, 尤指激光印字机印刷的）./ˈdesələt; `dɛsələt/ adj  1 (of a place) deserted and miserable （指地方）无人烟的, 荒凉的, 荒芜的: a desolate industrial landscape 工业废墟 * a desolate, windswept moorland area 荒凉的、受强风吹袭的高沼地区.  2 miserable and without friends; lonely and sad 凄凉而无友的; 孤凄的: a desolate person, life, existence 孤独而凄凉的人、生活、生活情况 * We all felt absolutely desolate when she left. 她走後, 我们都觉得万分孤寂.

/ˈdesəleɪt; `dɛsəˌlet/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态]  1 leave (a place) ruined and deserted 使（某处）沦为废墟; 使荒凉: a city desolated by civil strife 遭内乱破坏的城市.  2 make (sb) sad and hopeless 使（某人）悲伤绝望: a family desolated by the loss of a child 因失去孩子而悲痛欲绝的一家人.adv.(desolate v 1) 遗弃; 荒凉; 破坏: the desolation caused by war 战争造成的满目疮痍.  2 misery; loneliness 凄凉; 孤寂: her utter desolation when she heard the bad news 她听到那坏消息时极度悲伤./ˌdesəˈleɪʃn; ˌdɛsə`leʃən/ n [U]/dɪˈspeə(r); dɪ`spɛr/ n  1 [U] state of having lost all hope 失去一切希望; 绝望: Your stupidity will drive me to (ie make me feel) despair. 你愚蠢得使我寒心. * He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争. * She was overcome by despair. 她已完全绝望. * his despair of ever seeing his family again 他再也见不到他家里人的绝望心情.  2 (idm 习语) be the despair of sb make sb give up hope 使某人放弃希望: Your son is the despair of all his teachers, ie They no longer expect to be able to teach him anything. 你的儿子在所有教师的心目中已毫无希望了.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) have lost all hope (esp that sb/sth will improve) 失去全部希望; 绝望: We've despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他已经绝望了, 他做什么工作都不能超过半年./dɪˈspeərɪŋ; dɪ`spɛrɪŋ/ adj showing despair 表现绝望的; 绝望的: a despairing look/gesture 绝望的神色[姿态]. adv: look despairingly at the judge 绝望地看着法官./dɪˈspætʃ; dɪ`spætʃ/ n, v = dispatch./ˌdespəˈrɑːdəʊ; ˌdɛspə`rɑdo/ n (pl ~es; US also ~s) (dated 旧) man who commits dangerous, esp criminal, acts without worrying about himself or other people 亡命之徒; 暴徒: the desperadoes who robbed the mail-train 抢劫邮车的亡命徒./ˈdespərət; `dɛspərət/ adj  1 feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger 感到绝望而不惜冒险的; 拚命的; 不顾一切的: The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了. * She wrote me a desperate letter. 她给我写了一封信表示因绝望而不惜孤注一掷.  2 [attrib 作定语] violent and sometimes against the law 凶暴的; 犯法的: a desperate criminal, act, robbery 无法无天的罪犯、行为、抢劫.  3 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) in great need (of sth/to do sth) 极需要（某事物[做某事]）: They're desperate for money. 他们极需钱. * (infml 口) Have you got some water? I'm desperate (for a drink). 你有水吗? 我很想喝（一点）. * I'm desperate to see her. 我很想见到她.  4 extremely serious or dangerous 极严重的; 极危险的: a desperate situation, shortage, illness 危局、奇缺、重病 * The state of the country is desperate. 该国局势危殆.  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving little hope of success; tried when all else has failed 成功希望渺茫的; 孤注一掷的: a desperate remedy, measure, etc 成功希望渺茫的补救方法、孤注一掷的措施.adv./ˌdespəˈreɪʃn; ˌdɛspə`reʃən/ n [U] state of being desperate(1) 拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾死活: driven to desperation 被逼得铤而走险 * In desperation I pleaded with the attackers. 我不顾一切向攻击者哀求./dɪˈspɪkəbl, ˈdespɪkəbl; dɪ`spɪkəbl, `dɛspɪkəbl/ adj ~ (of sb) (to do sth) deserving to be despised; contemptible 可鄙的; 卑鄙的: a despicable action, gesture 可鄙的行动、姿势 * a despicable rogue 卑鄙的无赖. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv: behave despicably 举动卑鄙./dɪˈspaɪz; dɪ`spaɪz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) feel contempt for sb/sth; consider sb/sth as worthless 鄙视、藐视、看不起某人[某事物]: despise his hypocrisy, meanness, conceit, etc 鄙视他的虚伪、吝啬、自负等 * Strike-breakers are often despised by their workmates. 破坏罢工的人常为同事所不齿./dɪˈspaɪt; dɪ`spaɪt/ prep without being affected by (the factors mentioned) 尽管; 不管; 不顾: They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 他们的假日还是过得极为愉快. * Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters. 她尽管很想再见到他, 但却不愿给他回信. * Despite what others say, I think he's a very nice chap. 不管别人怎么说, 我仍认为他这个人很好. Cf 参看 in spite of (spite)./dɪˈspɔɪl; dɪ`spɔɪl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sth (of sth) (fml 文) rob (a place) of sth valuable; plunder sth 从（某处）抢劫有价值之物; 掠夺某物: Museums have despoiled India of many priceless treasures. 博物馆里有许多从印度掠夺来的无价之宝./dɪˈspɒndənsɪ; dɪ`spɑndənsɪ/ n [U] loss of hope; misery 泄气; 沮丧; 失望; 苦恼: her despondency about having no job 她因失业而意志消沉./dɪˈspɒndənt; dɪ`spɑndənt/ adj ~ (about sth) having or showing loss of hope; wretched 失望的; 沮丧的; 消沉的; 苦恼的: a despondent loser, mood, look 沮丧的失败者、情绪、神情 * Don't be so despondent. 不要这样泄气.adv./dɪˈzɜːt; dɪ`zɝt/ (also sweet) n (a) [C] any sweet dish, (eg pie, tart, ice-cream) eaten at the end of a meal （饭後的）甜食（如馅饼、果馅饼、冰激凌）: a pineapple dessert 菠萝甜食. Cf 参看 afters, pudding 1. (b) [U] course in which this dish is served （用作最後一道菜的）甜食: Shall we move on to dessert? 咱们上甜食好吗? * [attrib 作定语] a dessert apple, wine, etc, ie served with or for dessert 作为甜食的苹果、餐末甜酒.n (a) medium-sized spoon 点心匙; 中型匙. =>illus at spoon 见spoon之插图. (b) (also dessert-spoonful) / -fUl; -9fJl/ amount held by this 一点心匙的量./ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdɛstə`neʃən/ n place to which sb/sth is going or being sent 目的地: Tokyo was our final destination. 东京是我们的最终目的地. * arrive at/reach one's destination 到达目的地./ˈdestɪnd; `dɛstɪnd/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文)  1 ~ for sth/to do sth; be ~ that... having a future which has been decided or planned beforehand 命中注定; 注定; 预定: Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage, ie I was expected to be an actor. 我生于戏剧工作者之家, 注定了我的舞台生涯. * They were destined never to meet again, ie Fate had decided they should not meet again. 他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了. * It was destined that they would marry. 他们结婚是缘分.  2 ~ for... on the way to (a place) 去, 到, 往, 赴（某处）: a letter, a traveller, an aircraft destined for London 往伦敦的信、游客、飞机./ˈdestɪnɪ; `dɛstənɪ/ n  1 [U] power believed to control events 命运: Destiny drew us together. 命运把我们连在一起了.  2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) 定数; 天命: It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国. * events which shaped his destiny 决定他命运的事件./ˈdestɪtjuːt; <i>US</i> -tuːt; `dɛstəˌtut/ adj  1 without money, food, etc and other things necessary for life; impoverished 穷困的; 贫穷的; 穷苦的: When he died, his family was left destitute. 他死後家人衣食无着.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) lacking sth 缺少某事物: officials who are destitute of ordinary human feelings 毫无感情的官员./ˌdestɪˈtjuːʃn; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːʃn; ˌdɛstə`tuʃən/ n [U] being destitute 匮乏; 穷困: live in complete destitution 生活一贫如洗./dɪˈstrɔɪ; dɪ`strɔɪ/ v  1 [Tn] damage (sth) so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc; wreck 摧毁, 毁坏（某物）: a house destroyed by bombs, fire, explosion 被炸弹、大火、爆炸毁掉的房子 * Vandals destroyed the bus. 恣意破坏公物的人毁坏了这辆公共汽车. * They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据. * (fig 比喻) destroy sb's hopes, career, reputation 毁掉某人的希望、事业、名誉.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] kill (a dog, horse, etc) deliberately, usu because it is sick or unwanted 杀死（狗、马等）（通常因其生病或不能保留）; 人道毁灭: The injured dog had to be destroyed. 这只受伤的狗要予以人道毁灭.n  1 (fml 文) person or thing that destroys 破坏者: Death, the destroyer 死神, 生灵之毁灭者.  2 small fast warship for protecting larger warships or convoys of merchant ships 驱逐舰./dɪˌstrʌktəˈbɪlətɪ; dɪˌstrʌktə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./dɪˈstrʌktəbl; dɪ`strʌktəbl/ adj that can be destroyed 可破坏的; 可摧毁的; 可毁灭的. /dɪˈstrʌkʃn; dɪ`strʌkʃən/ n [U] (a) destroying or being destroyed 破坏; 摧毁; 毁灭: the total destruction of a town by an earthquake 地震对一小镇之彻底毁坏. (b) person or thing that destroys or ruins 破坏者; 毁灭者: Gambling was his destruction. 赌博把他毁了./dɪˈstrʌktɪv; dɪ`strʌktɪv/ adj (a) causing destruction or serious damage 造成毁灭或严重破坏的; 毁灭性的: the destructive force of the storm 暴风雨的破坏力. (b) wanting or tending to destroy 想要破坏的; 会造成破坏的: destructive urges 想搞破坏的欲望 * Are all small children so destructive? 是不是儿童都很喜欢破坏? * destructive criticism, ie making no positive suggestions for improvement 破坏性的批评. adv. n [U]./dɪˈsjuːɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; dɪ`suəˌtud/ n (idm 习语) fall into de`suetude (fml 文) cease being used 已不用; 废止: customs, fashions, words that have fallen into desuetude 已经废弃的风俗、式样、词语.adv. n [U]./ˈdesəltrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `dɛsəlˌtɔrɪ/ adj going from one thing to another, without a definite plan or purpose; unmethodical 不连贯的; 漫无计划或目的的; 无条理的: desultory reading, work 漫无目的的阅读、漫无计划的工作 * desultory attempts to help 毫无计划的随意帮助. abbr 缩写 = Detective./dɪˈtætʃ; dɪ`tætʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth 将某物拆下; 拆开某物; 分开某物: detach a link from a chain 从链子上拆下一个链环 * a coach detached from a train 从火车上脱离的一节车厢. Cf 参看 attach 1.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military 军) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties 派遣, 分遣（兵员、船舰等）（尤指执行特殊任务）: A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. 派遣了一些士兵守卫右翼./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be detached 可拆开的; 可分离的; 可分遣的: a detachable lining in a coat 大衣的活衬里.adj  1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial 不受他人影响的; 不偏不倚的; 公正的: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc 不偏不倚的见解、评价、判断等 * take a detached view of sth 对某事物采取公正的观点. (b) not feeling emotional or involved 不动感情的; 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的: her detached response to the crisis 她对这危机的客观的反应.  2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side （指房子）两边不与其他房子相连的, 独立的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii./dɪˈtætʃmənt; dɪ`tætʃmənt/ n  1 [U] detaching or being detached 派遣; 分遣: the detachment of units from the main force 从主力部队派遣的小分队.  2 [U] (a) state of being not influenced by others 不受他人影响; 独立; 客观: show detachment in one's judgements 表现出独立的见解. (b) lack of emotion; indifference 冷静; 超然: He answered with an air of detachment. 他以超然的神态回答.  3 [C] group of soldiers, ships, etc sent away from a larger group, esp to do special duties 分遣队; 支队; 特遣舰队: a detachment of signallers 通讯兵支队./ˈdiːteɪl; <i>US</i> dɪˈteɪl; dɪ`tel/ n  1 [C] small, particular fact or item 细目; 细节; 详情: Please give me all the details. 请告诉我全部详情. * I checked every detail of her research. 我核对了她的学术研究的各个细节. * The details of the costume were totally authentic. 这件古装的每个小地方都完全真实. * Spare me the details! ie Don't provide any. 别给我讲细枝末节了!  2 [U] (a) small, particular aspects of sth 细微的方面: A good organizer pays attention to detail. 善于组织者考虑问题无微不至. * a novelist with an eye for detail, eg who includes many small, realistic facts 刻划入微的小说家. (b) smaller or less important parts of a picture, pattern, etc （绘画、图案等的）较小的或次要的部分: The overall composition of the picture is good but some of the detail is distracting. 这幅画的构图不错, 但有些细微处稍嫌喧宾夺主.  3 [C] (military 军) group of soldiers given special duties 特遣队; 小分队: the cookhouse detail 营地炊事班.  4 (idm 习语) go into `detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth 详细叙述: He refused to go into details about his plans. 他不肯详述他计划的细节. in `detail discussing all facts or items fully 详细地: to explain/describe sth in detail 详细解释[叙述]某事物.

/ˈdiːteɪl; <i>US</i> dɪˈteɪl; dɪ`tel/ v  1 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to/for sb) list sth fully, item by item; describe sth fully (to/for sb) 逐项列出; （向[为]某人）详述某事物: The computer's features are detailed in our brochure. 该计算机的特点在我们的小册子中有详细介绍. * an inventory detailing all the goods in a shop 逐项列出的商店货物清单 * I detailed our plans to her. 我向她详细讲述了我们的计划.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) choose or appoint sb for special duties 选出或指派某人执行特殊任务: detail soldiers for guard duty/to guard a bridge 派士兵值勤[守桥].adj having many details or paying great attention to details; thorough 详细的; 极注意细节的; 详尽的; 完全的: a detailed description, account, analysis, etc 详尽的叙述、报道、分析等./dɪˈteɪn; dɪ`ten/ v [Tn]  1 prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay 阻止（某人）离开或做某事; 耽搁; 延误: She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. 有些临时访客把她耽搁在办公室里了. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. 这个问题不必耽搁我们很长时间.  2 keep (sb) in custody; lock up 拘留（某人）; 扣押: The police detained him for questioning. 警方对他进行拘留审问./ˌdiːteɪˈniː; diˌte`ni/ n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) 被拘留者./dɪˈtekt; dɪ`tɛkt/ v [Tn] (a) discover or recognize that (sth) is present 发现、察觉或查出（某事物）: The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth. 牙医检查了她的牙, 未见有龋齿. * instruments that can detect minute amounts of radiation 能检测极微量辐射的仪器 * Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? 听起来你是在说反话吧? (b) investigate and solve (crime, etc) 侦察, 侦查（罪案等）: This police officer's job is to detect fraud. 这位警官负责侦查欺诈案./dɪˈtekʃn; dɪ`tɛkʃən/ n [U] detecting; discovering 发现; 察觉; 侦查; 探测: the detection of radioactivity 对放射性的探测 * the detection of crime 对罪行的侦查 * try to escape detection by disguising oneself 乔装打扮以躲过侦察者的耳目./dɪˈtektɪv; dɪ`tɛktɪv/ n person, esp a police officer, whose job it is to investigate and solve crimes 侦探: employ a private detective 雇用一名私人侦探.=> detective storystory in which the main interest is a puzzling crime and the process of solving it 侦探小说.n device for detecting changes in pressure or temperature, metals, explosives, etc 探测器./ˌdeɪˈtɑːnt; de`tɑnt/ n [U] (French 法) lessening of dangerous tension, esp between countries （紧张关系的）缓和（尤指国与国间的）./dɪˈtenʃn; dɪ`tɛnʃən/ n [U] (a) detaining or being detained, esp in prison 阻止; 滞留; 拘留; （尤指）监禁: detention without trial 未经审判的关押. (b) punishment of being kept at school after it has closed 课後留校的惩罚: be given two hours' detention 被罚留校两小时.place where young offenders are kept in detention for a short time 青少年管教所./dɪˈtɜː(r); dɪ`tɝ/ v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决定不做某事物: Failure did not deter him (from making another attempt). 他并未因失败而畏缩不前. * I was deterred from emigrating by the thought of leaving my family. 我舍不得离开家, 所以决定不移居国外了./dɪˈtɜːdʒənt; dɪ`tɝdʒənt/ n [U, C], adj (substance) that removes dirt, eg from the surface of clothes or dishes 洗涤剂; 去污剂; 洗涤的; 去污的: Most synthetic detergents are in the form of powder or liquid. 大多数合成洗涤剂呈粉状或液态./dɪˈtɪərɪəreɪt; dɪ`tɪrɪəˌret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition 变坏; 变质; 恶化: Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 皮革受潮可变质. * The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. 这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵. /dɪˌtɪərɪəˈreɪʃn; dɪˌtɪrɪə`reʃən/ n [U]: a deterioration in superpower relations 超级大国之间关系的恶化./dɪˈtɜːmɪnənt; dɪ`tɝmənənt/ n, adj (fml 文) (thing) that determines or decides how or if sth happens 决定因素; 决定性的: The main determinant of economic success is our ability to control inflation. 经济方面的成就主要取决于我们控制通货膨胀的能力./dɪˈtɜːmɪnət; dɪ`tɝmənət/ adj (fml 文) limited in range or scope; definite 限定的; 确定的./dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn; dɪˌtɝmə`neʃən/ n [U]  1 ~ (to do sth) quality of being firmly committed to doing sth; resoluteness 决心; 坚定性: a leader with courage and determination 果敢的领导者 * with an air of determination, ie showing this quality 带着一副坚定的神态 * her dogged determination to learn English 她学英语的那种坚定不移的决心.  2 precise fixing (of sth); deciding （对某事物的）确定; 决定: the determination of future policy 未来政策的确定.  3 finding out (of an amount, a quality, etc); calculation （数量、质量等的）测定; 计算: the determination of a ship's position/the exact composition of a substance 船的方位[某种物质的准确成分]的测定./dɪˈtɜːmɪnətɪv; <i>US</i> -neɪtɪv; dɪ`tɝmə-ˌnetɪv/ adj (fml 文) having the power to determine or limit sth （对某事物）有决定力的, 有限制力的: a determinative factor in his psychological development 在他心理发展过程中的决定因素.

n thing having the power to determine or limit sth 决定因素./dɪˈtɜːmɪn; dɪ`tɝmɪn/ v  1 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) fix (sth) precisely; decide 确定（某事物）; 决定: determine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期 * His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定, 但有可能学医. * She will determine how it is to be done. 她会决定这件事的做法.  2 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) find out (sth that is not known); calculate 测定, 找出（某未知事物）; 算出: determine the meaning of a word/what a word means 确定某词的含义 * determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什么事 * determine the speed of light, how high a mountain is 测定光速、山有多高.  3 [Ipr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ on/upon sth decide firmly that sth will be done; make up one's mind about sth; resolve 决定做某事; 对某事下定决心; 决心: We determined on an early start/(that) we'd makean early start. 我们决定早些出发. * determine on proving/to prove sb's innocence 决心要证实某人无辜 * They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已决定在何处建校. * He determined to learn Greek. 他决定学希腊语.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb against sth (fml 文) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决定不做某事: That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了.  5 [Tn] decisively influence (sth); fix 对（某事物）产生决定性的影响; 决定: Do heredity and environment determine one's character? 遗传与环境可以决定一个人的性格吗? * The exam results could determine your career. 考试成绩可能会决定你的前途./dɪˈtɜːmɪnd; dɪ`tɝmɪnd/ adj ~ (to do sth) with one's mind firmly made up; resolute 有决心的; 意志坚定的; 坚决的: a determined fighter, look, attitude 坚定的战士、神情、态度 * I'm determined to succeed. 我决心要努力获得成功./dɪˈtɜːmɪnə(r); dɪ`tɝmɪnɚ/ n (grammar) word, eg the, some, my, that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used 限定词（置于名词前, 对该名词起限定作用的词, 如the、some、my）./dɪˈtɜːmɪnɪzəm; dɪ`tɝmənˌɪzəm/ n [U] (philosophy 哲) belief that one is not free to choose the sort of person one wants to be, or how one behaves, because these things are decided by one's background, surroundings, etc 决定论（认为个人并无选择个性或行为的自由, 因为这一切都由其背景、环境等所决定）./dɪˈterəns; <i>US</i> -ˈtɜː-; dɪ`tɝrəns/ n [U] action of deterring 阻止; 遏止; 威慑: nuclear deterrence, ie (a policy of) having nuclear weapons in order to make an enemy too frightened to attack 核威慑./dɪˈterənt; <i>US</i> -ˈtɜː-; dɪ`tɝrənt/ n, adj (thing) that deters or is meant to deter 起制止作用的（事物）; 遏止的（因素）; 威慑的（力量）: His punishment will be a deterrent to others. 惩罚他以儆效尤. * deterrent weapons, measures 具威慑性的武器、遏制性的手段. /dɪˈtest; dɪ`tɛst/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] dislike (sb/sth) very much; hate 憎恶, 憎恨（某人[某事物]）; 厌恶; 讨厌: detest dogs 讨厌狗 * detest having to get up early 很不喜欢早起身 * I detest people complaining. 我讨厌人发牢骚./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that one hates; hateful 令人憎恨的; 可憎的; 可恶的; 讨厌的: a detestable habit 可恶的习惯. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌdiːteˈsteɪʃn; ˌditɛs`teʃən/ n [U] strong dislike; hatred 强烈的厌恶; 憎恶./ˌdiːˈθrəʊn; di`θron/ v [Tn] (a) remove (a ruler) from the throne; depose 废黜（君主）. (b) (fig 比喻) remove (sb) from a position of authority or influence 使（某人）失去权势; 撵下台; 挤走: a government adviser dethroned by a younger expert 被较年轻的专家挤走的政府顾问. n [C, U]./ˈdetəneɪt; `dɛtəˌnet/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) explode; (be) set off （使某物）爆炸; 引爆; 起爆: The bomb failed to detonate. 炸弹没爆炸. * an explosive charge detonated by remote control 遥控起爆的炸药./ˌdetəˈneɪʃn; ˌdɛtə`neʃən/ n [C, U] explosion 爆炸; 起爆./ˈdetəneɪtə(r); `dɛtəˌnetɚ/ n part of a bomb, etc that explodes first, setting off the full explosion 起爆管; 雷管; 信管./ˈdiːtʊə(r); <i>US</i> dɪˈtʊər; dɪ`tʊr/ n (esp US) route that avoids a blocked road, etc; deviation （绕开受阻道路等的）绕行路线, 迂回路线: We had to make a detour round the floods. 我们为避开洪水得绕道而行. Cf 参看 diversion.

v [I, Tn] avoid (sth) by making a detour 绕道以避开（某物）; 绕过（某物）: We had to detour a road-block. 我们得绕过路障./ˌdiːˌtɒksɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; diˌtɑksəfə`keʃən/ n [U] action of removing poison or harmful substances, eg addictive drugs 解毒; （对如毒品等有害物质的）清除: [attrib 作定语] a detoxification centre, ie where drug addicts or alcoholics are treated 戒毒（或戒酒）中心./ˌdiːˈtɒksɪfaɪ; di`tɑksəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] remove poison or harmful substances from (sb/sth) 清除（某人[某物]）的毒素或有害物质; 为（某人[某物]）解毒: detoxify the bloodstream 清除血液中的毒素./dɪˈtrækt; dɪ`trækt/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth make sth seem less valuable or important 减损某事物的价值或重要性; 贬低: detract from the merit, value, worth, excellence, etc of sth 有损于某事物的好处、重要性、价值、优点等 * criticism that detracts from her achievements 贬低她成就的批评 * This unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening. 这件不愉快的事情使我们当晚兴致大减./dɪˈtrækʃn; dɪ`trækʃən/ n [U] unfair criticism of sb/sth; belittling 不恰当的批评; 贬低; 贬抑.n person who criticizes sb/sth unfairly 诋毁者; 贬低者: The scheme is better than its detractors suggest. 这计划比贬低它的人所说的要好./ˌdiːˈtreɪn; di`tren/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) leave or cause (sb) to leave a railway train 下火车; 使（某人）下火车: The troops detrained near the battle zone. 部队在战区附近下了火车.=> detribalization=> detribalize/ˌdiːˌtraɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i>-lɪˈz-; diˌtraɪbəlɪ`zeʃən/ [U]./ˌdiːˈtraɪbəlaɪz; di`traɪbəˌlaɪz/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to abandon tribal customs; end tribal organization in (a society) 使（某人）摒弃部落习俗; 解散（某社会）中的部落组织: detribalized Indians in South America 解散南美洲印第安人的部落. /ˈdetrɪmənt; `dɛtrəmənt/ n (idm 习语) to the detriment of sb/sth; without detriment to sb/sth harming/not harming sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有害 [无害]; 有损于[无损于]某人[某事物]: He works long hours, to the detriment of his health. 他长时间地工作, 有损健康. * This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to the economy. 这一税制一旦施行, 必然会危害国民经济./ˌdetrɪˈmentl; ˌdɛtrə`mɛntl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) harmful 有害的; 不利的: The measures had a detrimental effect. 这些措施已产生不良影响. * activities detrimental to our interests 损及我们利益的活动. /-təlɪ; -tlɪ/ adv: detrimentally affected 受到不良影响./dɪˈtraɪtəs; dɪ`traɪtəs/ n [U] matter such as sand, silt or gravel produced by the wearing away of rocks, etc （岩石等风化而形成的）泥沙, 碎石, 岩屑; 风化物./djuːs; <i>US</i> duːs; dus/ n  1 two on playing-cards or dice (shown as pips and/or numbers) （纸牌或色子上的）两点（以点和[或]数字表示）.  2 (in tennis) score of 40-all, after which either side must gain two successive points to win the game （网球赛中）40平（其後一方须连胜两球方为胜）.

/djuːs; <i>US</i> duːs; dus/ n (dated infml euph 旧, 口, 婉)  1 the deuce [sing] (used as an expression of annoyance 用以表示烦恼、厌恶等): The deuce! I've lost my keys! 真倒霉, 钥匙丢了! * Who/What/Where the deuce is that? 到底是哪个家伙[是什么鬼名堂/在什么鬼地方]? * What the deuce is going on? 讨厌, 到底是怎么回事?  2 (idm 习语) the deuce of a sth a very bad case of sth 非常糟糕; 十分严重: I've got the deuce of a headache. 我头痛极了./djuːst, ˈdjuːsɪd; <i>US</i> duːst; dust/ adj (used as an expression of annoyance 用以表示烦恼、厌恶等): Where's that deuced boy? 那坏小子上哪儿去了?  adv very 很; 非常: What deuced bad luck! 倒霉死了! /ˈdjuːsɪdlɪ; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `dusɪdlɪ/ adv very 很; 非常./ˈdɔɪtʃmɑːk; `dɔɪtʃˌmɑrk/ n (abbr 缩写 DM) unit of money in the Federal Republic of Germany 马克（德国货币单位）./ˌdiːvæljʊˈeɪʃn; ˌdivæljᴜ`eʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) reducing a currency to a lower fixed value 货币贬值: There's been a further devaluation of the dollar. 美元继续贬值./ˌdiːˈvæljuː; di`vælju/ v [Tn] (a) reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or gold 使（某种货币）贬值: devalue the dollar, pound, mark, etc 使美元、英镑、马克等贬值. (b) reduce the value or worth of (sth) 降低（某事物）的价值; 贬低（某事物）的重要性: criticism that devalues our work 贬低我们工作成绩的批评./ˈdevəsteɪt; `dɛvəsˌtet/ v [Tn] (a) completely destroy (sth); ruin 彻底毁坏（某事物）; 毁灭; 摧毁: a house devastated by a bomb 被炸弹炸毁的房子 * War devastated the country. 战争摧毁了这个国家. (b) (infml 口) shock (sb); overwhelm 令（某人）震惊; 使（某人）难以承受: She was devastated by his death. 她因他去世而悲痛欲绝. * I was devastated by the news of the crash. 我获悉失事的消息感到十分震惊./ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ; `dɛvəsˌtetɪŋ/ adj  1 very destructive 破坏力极强的; 毁灭性的: a devastating war, famine, storm, etc 毁灭性的战争、饥荒、风暴等.  2 causing severe shock 令人十分震惊的; 具有强大冲击力的: devastating criticism, news 猛烈的抨击、惊人的消息.  3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) striking; impressive 突出的; 醒目的; 令人钦佩的: devastating wit 非凡的机智 * She looked devastating, ie very beautiful. 她貌美绝伦. adv./ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn; ˌdɛvəs`teʃən/ n [U] devastating or being devastated 毁灭: complete, utter devastation 完全的、彻底的毁灭./dɪˈveləp; dɪ`vɛləp/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (into sth) (cause sb/sth to) grow gradually; become or make more mature, advanced or organized （使某人[某事物]）发展, 发育, 成长, 发达: The child is developing well. 这孩子发育良好. * The plot for the novel gradually developed in my mind. 我逐步构想出小说的情节. * The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. 这场辩论逐渐变成了激烈的争吵. * We've developed the project from an original idea by Stephen. 我们根据斯蒂芬的设想制定了这个计划. * The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre. 这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地.  2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become noticeable, visible or active （使某事物）出现, 明显化, 显露, 变得活跃: Symptoms of malaria developed, ie appeared. 疟疾的症状出现了. * The car has developed signs of rust, ie is becoming rusty. 这辆汽车出现了锈迹.  3 (photography 摄) (a) [Tn] treat (an exposed film) with chemicals so that the picture can be seen 冲洗（已曝光的底片）; 使（已曝光的底片）显影: take a film to be developed 将胶卷送去冲洗. (b) [I] (of the image on an exposed film or plate) become visible （指底片上的图像）显影.  4 [Tn] use (land) for the building of houses, etc and so increase its value 在（土地）上建筑房屋等; 开发（土地）: The site is being developed by a London property company. 这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发利用.adj  1 advanced; mature 先进的; 发达的; 成熟的: a highly developed system of agriculture 十分发达的农业体系 * She is well developed for her age. 她比她的实际年龄看来早熟.  2 (economics 经) (of a country, an area, etc) with a highly organized economy （指国家、地区等）经济发达的: one of the less developed countries 发达程度较低的国家之一.n  1 (photography 摄) substance used to develop films 显影剂.  2 person or company that develops land 土地开发者; 土地开发公司.adj trying to become economically advanced 经济发展中的: a developing country 发展中的国家 * the developing world 发展中的世界./dɪˈveləpmənt; dɪ`vɛləpmənt/ n  1 [U] developing or being developed (develop 1, 2, 3, 4) 发展; 发达; 发育; 成长; 出现; 显影; 开发: the healthy development of children 儿童的健康成长 * encourage the development of small businesses 鼓励小公司的发展 * land that is ready for development, ie ready to be built on 可以开发的土地（可在上面营建）.  2 [C] (a) new stage or event 新的阶段; 新事态: the latest development in the continuing crisis 这段持续危机的最新情况 * We must await further developments. 我们必须等待事态的进一步发展. (b) new product or invention 新产品; 新发明: Our electrically-powered car is an exciting new development. 我们的电动汽车是一项令人鼓舞的新发明.  3 [C] piece of land with new buildings on it 新近建造了房屋的一块土地; 新开发地: a commercial development on the outskirts of the town 在城郊的新商业区.(Brit) poor area where new industries are encouraged in order to create jobs 待开发区（鼓励发展新工业以提供就业机会的贫穷地区）./-vɪəns; -vɪəns/, deviancy ns [U] deviant tendencies or behaviour 反常的倾向或行为./ˈdiːvɪənt; `divɪənt/ n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (person who is) different in moral or social standards from what is considered normal 偏离正常的道德或社会标准的（人）; 离经叛道的（人）: a sexual deviant who assaults children 蹂躏儿童的性变态者 * deviant behaviour 不轨的行为./ˈdiːvɪeɪt; `divɪˌet/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth stop following (a course, standard, etc) 偏离（路线、标准等）; 背离: The plane deviated from its usual route. 飞机偏离了正常的航线. * I will never deviate from what I believe to be right. 我绝不背离我自信正确的道路. * deviate from one's plan, the norm, the accepted procedure, etc 偏离自己的计划、标准、一般的程序等./ˌdiːvɪˈeɪʃn; ˌdivɪ`eʃən/ n ~ (from sth)  1 (a) [U] not following the normal or expected course, plan, etc; deviating 偏离正常的或原定的路线、计划等; 偏向; 偏差: There was little deviation from his usual routine. 他没有什么反常的举动. * sexual deviation 性变态行为. (b) [C] instance of this 偏差; 逸出常轨: a deviation from the rules 违背规则.  2 [U] (politics 政) moving away from the beliefs held by the group to which one belongs 背离自己所属集团的信条; 背盟: Party ideologists accused her of deviation. 党内理论家谴责她背离了党的信条.  3 [C] difference between a numerical value and a norm or average 偏差; 离差: a compass deviation of 5, ie from true north 罗盘自差5度（相对于正北而言）./-ʃənɪzəm; -ʃənɪzm/ n [U] practice of political deviation 政治上的离经叛道. /-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n./dɪˈvaɪs; dɪ`vaɪs/ n  1 thing made or adapted for a special purpose （为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置, 器具: a device for measuring pressure 测压装置 * a labour-saving device 节省劳力的装置 * an explosive device 爆破装置 * a nuclear device, eg a nuclear bomb or missile 核子装置（如核弹或核导弹）. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.  2 (literature 文学) metaphor, combination of words, etc used by a writer to produce an effect on the reader （作者用以感染读者的）手法, 技巧（如隐喻、词语搭配等）: a stylistic device 文体表现手法.  3 scheme; trick 策略; 计策; 诡计; 计谋: Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 她所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已.  4 symbol or figure used as a sign by a noble family, eg on a crest or shield （贵族用作家族标志的）图案（如用于饰章或盾形徽的）: a heraldic device 纹章图案.  5 (idm 习语) leave sb to his own devices => leave1./ˈdevl; `dɛvl/ n  1 (a) the Devil supreme evil being; Satan 魔鬼; 撒旦: The Devil tempted Adam and Eve. 魔鬼诱惑了亚当和夏娃. (b) wicked spirit 魔鬼; 鬼怪: He believes in devils and witches. 他相信魔鬼、巫婆这类事.  2 (infml 口) (a) wicked or mischievous person 恶人; 坏蛋; 调皮鬼; 淘气鬼: My niece is a little devil. 我的侄女是个调皮鬼. * He's a devil with (ie flirts with) the ladies. 他是个玩弄女性的家伙. (b) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) person 人; 家伙: The poor/lucky devil! 多可怜[幸运]的家伙! * Which silly devil left the fire on all day? 是哪个笨蛋没将炉火熄掉, 烧了这一整天?  3 (idm 习语) be a `devil (infml joc 口, 谑) used to encourage sb to do sth he is hesitating to do 用以在某人迟疑时鼓励他去做某事: Go on, be a devil  tell me what they said. 来, 怕什么--尽管告诉我他们说了些什么. better the devil you know => better2. between the ,devil and the ,deep (blue) `sea in a situation where there are two equally unacceptable alternatives 进退维谷; 左右为难. the devil (used for emphasis in questions 在疑问句中用以加强语气): What/Who/Why/Where the devil is that? 到底是什么鬼名堂[是哪个家伙/是为什么/是在什么鬼地方]? the (very) `devil (sth) difficult or unpleasant 困难的或令人不愉快的（事物）: This job is the very devil. 这工作十分棘手. * These pans are the (very) devil to clean. 这些锅太难洗乾净了. the `devil you will/won't, she can/can't, etc (infml 口) (used to emphasize a statement of refusal, an expression of surprise, etc 用作强调表示拒绝、惊讶等的语句): `I'm going to a party. ' `The devil you are!', ie I forbid it. ｀我要去参加一个聚会.＇｀你敢!＇（我不准）. the ,devil looks ,after his `own (saying 谚) success comes to those who deserve it least 魔鬼保佑恶人（最不配成功者却能获得成功）; 小人行大运. the devil makes work for idle hands (saying 谚) when people do not have enough work to do, they get into or make trouble 闲则生非. a devil of a sth/sb (dated infml 旧, 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) very remarkable, difficult, awkward, etc thing or person 非常突出、麻烦、糟糕等的事或人: a devil of a pretty woman 漂亮得不得了的女人. devil's `advocate person who speaks against sb or sth simply to encourage discussion 故意提出异议以激发辩论的人; 故意唱反调的人: I don't really believe in capital punishment, I'm just playing the devil's advocate. 我并非真正主张应该有死刑, 只是故意唱唱反调罢了. the devil's own luck very good luck 极佳的运气; 鸿运. the devil take the `hindmost everybody should look after himself and not care about others 魔鬼专抓落後的（人人应自保, 不可顾他人）; 要鬼捉不到, 抢在人前逃: In this business you have to be tough, and the devil take the hindmost. 干这一行必须心狠, 谁顾别人谁吃亏. give the devil his `due be just, even to those who do not deserve it 不管人好人坏, 都要公平对待; 平心而论. go to the `devil! (dated 旧) damn you! 去你的! 见鬼去吧! have a/the devil of a job doing sth (infml 口) find sth very difficult 觉得某事十分困难: I'm having a devil of a job fixing my car. 我修我这辆汽车可费劲了. like the `devil (infml 口) very hard, intensively, etc 很卖力地、强烈地等; 拚命地: run, work like the devil 拚命跑、干. needs must when the devil drives => needs (need). play the devil with sth (infml 口) harm or make sth worse 伤害; 使某事物恶化: Cold weather plays the devil with my rheumatism. 天一冷, 我的风湿病就犯了. speak/talk of the `devil (saying infml 谚, 口) (said when sb one has been talking about appears 用于说到某人, 某人就到的场合). there'll be the `devil to pay (infml 口) there will be trouble as the result of sth 那就麻烦了; 那就糟糕了; 那就要倒霉了: There'll be the devil to pay if you scratch my car! 你要是划坏了我的汽车你就有麻烦了! the world, the flesh and the devil => world.

/ˈdevl; `dɛvl/ v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [Tn] grill (sth) with mustard, curry, etc 加芥末、咖喱等烧烤（某物）: devilled kidneys/ham/turkey 加辛辣调味品的烤腰子[火腿/火鸡].  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) (Brit) work as an assistant to (a barrister) 给（律师）做助手.adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] reckless 肆无忌惮的; 不顾一切的./ˈdevəlɪʃ; `dɛvəlɪʃ/ adj wicked; cruel 邪恶的; 恶毒的; 残忍的: a devilish plan 毒计 * devilish cunning 奸诈.

adv (dated infml 旧, 口) very 很; 非常: devilish hot 热得要命.adv: devilishly cruel, cunning, etc 穷凶极恶、极为狡诈.n [U]./ˈdevlmənt; `dɛvlmənt/ (also devilry/ 5devlrI; `dZvlrI/) n  1 [U] high spirits; mischief 高昂的情绪; 恶作剧; 玩笑: She played a trick on him out of sheer devilment. 她捉弄他完全是为了寻开心.  2 [C] mischievous act 恶作剧; 开玩笑: She's up to some devilry or other. 她正要搞个恶作剧什么的./ˈdiːvɪəs; `divɪəs/ adj  1 cunning; dishonest 刁滑的; 不诚实的: a devious lawyer, scheme, trick 刁滑的律师、阴谋、诡计 * get rich by devious means 以不正当的手段致富.  2 (of a route, path, etc) winding; not straight （指道路等）弯曲的, 蜿蜒的, 不直的: The coach followed a rather devious course to its destination. 长途汽车要绕很多弯路才到达目的地. adv. n [U]./dɪˈvaɪz; dɪ`vaɪz/ v [Tn] think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent 想出, 设计（计划、制度、工具等）; 发明: devise a scheme for redeveloping the city centre 制定市中心重建计划 * devise a new type of transistor 发明一种新晶体管.=> devitalization=> devitalize/ˌdiːˌvaɪtə-laɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; diˌvaɪtlɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˌdiːˈvaɪtəlaɪz; di`vaɪtlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] take strength and vigour away from (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）失去活力; 消耗（某人[某事物]）的力量: a nation devitalized by a sustained war effort 因持续的战事而大伤元气的国家. /dɪˈvɔɪd; dɪ`vɔɪd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth 没有或毫无某事物: a criminal utterly devoid of conscience 天良丧尽的罪犯./ˌdiːvəˈluːʃn; <i>US</i> ˌdev-; ˌdɛvə`luʃən/ n [U] transfer of power or authority, esp from central government to regional authorities （尤指中央政府向地方政府）移交权力, 下放权力, 分权./dɪˈvɒlv; dɪ`vɑlv/ v (fml 文)  1 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb (of work, duties) be transferred or passed to sb （指工作、职务）移交给某人: When the President is ill, his duties devolve upon the Vice-President. 总统生病时, 其职务交由副总统代理.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/upon sb) transfer (work, duties, etc) to sb 将（工作、职务等）转交给某人: More power is to be devolved to regional government. 要将更多的权力交给地方政府./dɪˈvəʊt; dɪ`vot/ v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give (one's time, energy, etc) to sb/sth; dedicate 为某人[某事物]付出（时间、精力等）; 向某人[某事物]奉献（时间、精力等）; 献身于某事物: devote oneself to a noble cause 献身于一项崇高的事业 * devote all one's efforts to one's task 全力以赴地工作.adj ~ (to sb/sth) very loving or loyal 热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的: a devoted son, friend, supporter, etc 孝子、忠实的朋友、不遗余力的支持者 * She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子. adv./ˌdevəˈtiː; ˌdɛvə`ti/ n (a) person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast 致力于、献身于某事物的人; 热心者; 某事物的迷恋者: a devotee of sport, music, crime fiction, etc 热衷于体育运动、音乐、侦探小说等的人. (b) zealous supporter (of a sect, etc) （某一宗派等的）热情拥护者./dɪˈvəʊʃn; dɪ`voʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (a) deep strong love 深爱; 挚爱: a mother's devotion to her children 母亲对子女深深的疼爱. (b) giving of oneself (to a person, cause, etc); loyalty 献身; 忠心: devotion to duty 忠于职守 * a teacher's devotion to her task 教师全心全意投入其工作的态度 * our devotion to our leader 我们对领袖的忠诚.  2 (a) [U] religious zeal; devoutness 宗教热情; 虔诚: a life of great devotion 信仰诚笃的一生. (b) [C] prayer or religious practice 祈祷; 灵修; 宗教仪式: a traditional devotion like the Way of the Cross 有如天主教｀拜苦路＇的传统宗教仪式 * a priest at his devotions, ie praying 正在祈祷的教士./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj of or used in religious worship 崇拜的; 灵修的; 祈祷的: devotional literature 灵修书刊./dɪˈvaʊə(r); dɪ`vaᴜr/ v  1 [Tn] (a) eat (sth) hungrily or greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）; 吞食（某物）: devour the food ravenously 狼吞虎咽地吃东西. (b) (fig 比喻) look at (sb/sth) avidly 贪婪地、全神贯注地看（某人[某事物]）: She devoured the new detective story. 她如饥似渴地读那本新侦探小说. * He devoured her with his eyes,  ie looked at her lustfully. 他用色迷迷的目光盯着她. (c) (fig 比喻) destroy (sth) 毁灭, 吞噬（某事物）: Fire devoured a huge area of forest. 大火吞噬了大片森林.  2 (idm 习语) be devoured by sth be filled with (curiosity, anxiety, etc) 心中充满了（好奇、忧虑等）./dɪˈvaʊt; dɪ`vaᴜt/ adj  1 sincerely religious; pious 虔信宗教的; 虔诚的: a devout Muslim, prayer 虔诚的回教徒、祈祷.  2 sincere; deeply felt 诚挚的; 真诚的; 衷心的; 发自内心的: a devout hope, wish, etc 衷心的希望、祝愿等. adv: It is devoutly to be wished, ie something I hope very much will happen. 这是我衷心希望的. n [U]./djuː; <i>US</i> duː; du/ n [U] tiny drops of moisture condensed on cool surfaces from water vapour in the air, esp at night 露水: The grass was wet with dew. 草被露水沾湿了.n drop of dew 露珠./ˈdjuːlæp; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `duˌlæp/ n fold of loose skin hanging down from the throat of an animal such as a cow or an ox （牛等）自喉部垂下的松皮; 喉垂.adj wet with dew 为露水所湿的; 带露水的. adj nave and trusting 单纯天真、易轻信人的: You can't be too dewy-eyed if you want to succeed. 要成功就不能太天真./dekˈsterətɪ; dɛk`stɛrətɪ/ n [U] skill, esp in using one's hands 技巧, 灵巧（尤指用手的）; 灵活的手法: A juggler needs great dexterity. 玩杂耍的人要有非常灵巧的手. * (fig 比喻) The negotiations will call for considerable dexterity. 进行这些谈判需要相当圆滑的手腕./ˈdekstrəs; `dɛkstrəs/ adj (a) skilful with one's hands 善于用手的; 手巧的: She's very dexterous with the knitting needles. 她擅长用织针. (b) skilfully performed 表现灵巧的: a dextrous movement 灵巧的动作. adv./ˈdekstrəʊs, -əʊz; `dɛkstros, -oz/ n [U] form of glucose 右旋糖（葡萄糖的一种）./ˌdiː ˈdʒiː; ˌdi `dʒi/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (on coins) by the grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia) （硬币上的字样）蒙上帝之恩, 蒙主恩宠（源自拉丁文Dei Gratia）.  2 thanks be to God (Latin Deo Gratias) 感谢上帝（源自拉丁文Deo Gratias）.  3 director-general./ˈdəʊtɪ; `dotɪ/ n loincloth worn by male Hindus （印度男子用的）缠腰布./daʊ; daᴜ/ n ship with one mast used along the coasts of Arab countries （阿拉伯国家沿海使用的）单桅帆船./ˌdiː eɪtʃ es ˈes; ˌdi etʃ ɛs `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Department of Health and Social Security 卫生和社会保险部.pref 前缀  1 (with ns 後与名词结合) two; double 二; 双; 二重; 二倍: dicotyledon.  2 (chemistry 化) (with ns in names of chemical compounds 後与名词结合构成化合物名称) containing two atoms or groups of the specified type 含有两个原子的; 含有两组某一类型物质的: dioxide * dichromate. Cf 参看 bi-, tri-./ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz; ˌdaɪə`bitiz/ n [U] disease of the pancreas which prevents sugar and starch being properly absorbed 糖尿病./ˌdaɪəˈbetɪk; ˌdaɪə`bɛtɪk/ adj of diabetes 糖尿病的.

n person suffering from diabetes 糖尿病患者./ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪk; ˌdaɪə`bɑlɪk/ adj (a) of or like a devil 魔鬼的; 魔鬼似的. (b) clever and evil; wicked 奸邪的; 阴毒的; 毒辣的: diabolic plan, trick, etc 阴毒的计划、诡计等./-lɪkl; -lɪkl/ adj  1 = diabolic.  2 (Brit infml 口) very bad 很坏的; 很差的; 糟糕的: The film was diabolical. 这部电影糟透了. * a diabolical liberty, ie an act that one resents very much 极放肆的举动. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌdaɪəˈkrɪtɪk; ˌdaɪə`krɪtɪk/ n (also diacritical/-kl; -kl/) adj [attrib 作定语] mark (eg an accent, a diaeresis or a cedilla) placed above or below a written or printed letter to indicate different sounds （标于书面字母上方或下方以表示其不同发音的）变音符号（如重音符、分音符或下加符）.

of diacritic mark 变音符号的./ˈdaɪədem; `daɪəˌdɛm/ n crown worn as a sign of royal power 王冠, 冕（王权的象徵）./daɪˈerəsɪs; daɪ`ɛrəsɪs/ n (pl -eses / -Esi:z; -E9siz/) mark (eg as in nave) placed over a vowel to show that it is sounded separately from the vowel before it 分音符（标于元音之上以示其与前一元音分别发音, 如naIve中的庄）. Cf 参看 umlaut./ˈdaɪəgnəʊz; <i>US</i> ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊs; ˌdaɪəˇ`nos/ v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) find out the nature of (esp an illness) by observing its symptoms 判断; （尤指）诊断（疾病）: The doctor diagnosed measles. 医生诊断出麻疹. * diagnosed the tumour as benign 诊断该肿瘤为良性的 * (fig 比喻) The book diagnoses our present economic ills, ie shows what is wrong with the economy. 该书针砭我们经济中现存的弊病./ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs; ˌdaɪəˇ`nosɪs/ n (pl -noses/- 5nEUsi:z; -`nosiz/) (a) [U] diagnosing 诊断; 确定毛病; 判断问题: make one's diagnosis 进行诊断 * a doctor skilled in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生 * accurate diagnosis of an electrical fault 电气故障的准确判定. Cf 参看 prognosis. (b) [C] (statement of the) result of diagnosing 诊断结果; 诊断书./ˌdaɪəgˈnɒstɪk; ˌdaɪəˇ`nɑstɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of diagnosis 诊断的; 判断的: diagnostic skill, training, etc 诊断的技术、训练等 * symptoms that were of little diagnostic value, ie that did not indicate the patient's disease 对诊断是何疾病无甚参考价值的症状（即该症状显示不出是何疾病）./daɪˈægənl; daɪ`æˇənl/ adj (a) crossing a straight-sided figure, eg a rectangle, from corner to corner （长方形等直边图形的）对角的, 对角线的. =>illus at vertical 见vertical之插图. (b) slanting; oblique 倾斜的; 斜线的: diagonal stripes 斜纹. (c) crossed by slanting lines 有斜线的; 斜纹的.

n straight line crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner; slanting line 对角线; 斜线./-nəlɪ; -nlɪ/ adv./ˈdaɪəgræm; `daɪəˌˇræm/ n drawing or plan that uses simple lines rather than realistic details to explain or illustrate a machine, structure, process, etc 图解; 图表; 示意图: a diagram of a gear-box, a rail network 齿轮箱、铁路网的图解. /ˌdaɪəgrə-ˈmætɪk; ˌdaɪəˇrə`mætɪk/ adj: a diagrammatic map 图解地图. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈdaɪəl; `daɪəl/ n  1 face of a clock or watch 钟面; 表面.  2 similar face or flat plate with a scale and a pointer for measuring weight, volume, pressure, the amount of gas used, etc 仪表盘; 标度盘; 刻度盘: the dial of an electricity meter 电表盘.  3 plate or disc, etc on a radio or television set showing the wavelengths or channels （收音机）调谐指示板; （电视机）频道显示盘.  4 (a) disc on a telephone that is turned when making a call （电话）拨号盘. (b) set of keys on a telephone that are pressed when making a call （按键式电话的）按键盘.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] use a telephone dial to call (a number or telephone service) 打电话; 拨（电话号码）: dial 01-230-1212 拨01-230-1212 * dial the operator 打给接线员. `dialling code numbers for an area or a country that are dialled before the number of the person one wants to speak to 电话区域号码: The dialling code for the London area is 01. 伦敦地区的电话区号是01. `dialling tone sound heard on the telephone showing that one can begin to dial the number wanted （电话内传出表示可拨号的）拨号音. =>App 4 见附录4./ˈdaɪəlekt; `daɪəˌlɛkt/ n [C, U] form of a language (grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) used in a part of a country or by a class of people 方言; 土语; 地方话: the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言 * a play written in dialect 用方言写的剧本 * [attrib 作定语] dialect words, pronunciations, etc 方言词、方音. Cf 参看 accent 3, brogue. /ˌdaɪəˈlektl; ˌdaɪə`lɛktl/ adj: dialectal differences between two areas 两个地区方言的差别./ˌdaɪəˈlektɪk; ˌdaɪə`lɛktɪk/ n [U] (also dialectics [sing v]) (philosophy 哲)  1 art of discovering and testing truths by discussion and logical argument 逻辑论证法（通过讨论与逻辑推理揭示并检验真理的方法）.  2 criticism that deals with metaphysical contradictions and how to solve them 辩证法（研究抽象矛盾及其解决方法的学说）./-kl; -kl/ adj of or relating to dialectic 逻辑论证的; 有关逻辑论证的; 辩证的; 有关辩证法的: dialectical method 逻辑论证的方法. dia,lectical ma`terialism Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to the conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs 辩证唯物主义. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌdaɪəlekˈtɪʃn; ˌdaɪəlɛk`tɪʃən/ n person who is skilled in dialectic 擅长逻辑论证者; 辩证学家./ˈdaɪəlɒg; <i>US</i> -lɔːg; `daɪəˌlɔˇ/ n  1 (a) [U, C] (writing in the form of a) conversation or talk 对话; 用对话体写的文字: Most plays are written in dialogue. 大多数戏剧都是用对话体写的. * a novel with long descriptions and little dialogue 描述多而对话少的小说. (b) [C] conversation, esp in literature, plays and films （尤指文学、戏剧、电影中的）对话, 对白: a long dialogue in the opening scene 开场的大段对白.  2 [C, U] discussion between people with different opinions 意见分歧者之间的讨论; 意见交换; 磋商: a useful dialogue on common problems 就共同问题进行的有益的磋商 * More dialogue between world leaders is needed. 世界各国领导人之间需要多交换意见./ˌdaɪˈælɪsɪs; daɪ`æləsɪs/ n (pl -lyses/ -lIsi:z;-lE9siz/) [U, C] (medical 医) process of purifying blood by passing it through a membrane, used esp for treating patients with damaged kidneys 透析, 渗析（通过薄膜过滤来净化血液的方法, 尤用于治疗肾脏损伤的病人）: renal dialysis 肾透析 * [attrib 作定语] a dialysis machine 透析机./daɪəˈmæntɪ, dɪəˈmɒnteɪ; ˌdiəmɑn`te/ adj decorated with powdered crystal or some other sparkling substance 饰以水晶粉或其他闪光物的: diamante ear-rings 珠光耳环./daɪˈæmɪtə(r); daɪ`æmətɚ/ n (length of a) straight line connecting the centre of a circle or sphere, or of the base of a cylinder, to two points on its sides 直径: the diameter of a tree-trunk 树干的直径 * a lens that magnifies 20 diameters, ie makes an object look 20 times longer, wider, etc than it is 放大20倍的透镜. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图./ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪkl; ˌdaɪə`mɛtrɪkl/ adj of or along a diameter 直径的; 沿直径的./ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪklɪ; ˌdaɪə`mɛtrɪklɪ/ adv completely; entirely 完全地; 全然地: diametrically opposed/opposite 完全相反的./ˈdaɪəmənd; `daɪəmənd/ n  1 (a) [U, C] transparent precious stone of pure carbon in crystallized form, the hardest substance known 金刚石; 金刚钻; 钻石: a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指 * [attrib 作定语] a diamond ring, necklace, etc 钻石戒指、项链等. (b) [C] piece of this (often artificially made) used in industry, esp for cutting glass or as a stylus for playing records （常为人造的）工业用金刚石; （尤指）金刚石玻璃刀, 宝石唱针.  2 [C] figure with four equal sides and with angles that are not right angles 菱形.  3 (a) diamonds [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards marked with red diamond shapes 红方块花色的纸牌: the five of diamonds 方块五 * Diamonds is/are trumps. 方块为王牌. (b) [C] playing-card of this suit 方块牌: play a diamond 出一张方块. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card之插图.  4 [C] (in baseball) space inside the lines connecting the bases （棒球）内野（四垒连线内的场地）.  5 (idm 习语) a rough diamond => rough1.(celebration of a) 60th anniversary 60周年（纪念）. Cf 参看 golden jubilee (golden), silver jubilee (silver).60th anniversary of a wedding 钻石婚（结婚60周年纪念）. Cf 参看 golden wedding (golden), silver wedding (silver)./ˈdaɪəpə(r); <i>US</i> also ˈdaɪpər; `daɪəpɚ, `daɪpɚ/ n  1 [U] linen or cotton fabric with a pattern of small diamonds on it 有菱形花格的麻或棉织物.  2 [C] (US) = nappy./daɪˈæfənəs; daɪ`æfənəs/ adj (of fabric) light, very fine and almost transparent （指织物）又轻又薄而半透明的: a diaphanous veil 半透明的面纱 * a dress of diaphanous silk 薄如蝉翼的绸服./ˈdaɪəfræm; `daɪəˌfræm/ n  1 wall of muscle, between the chest and the abdomen, that helps to control breathing 膈; 膈膜; 横膈膜. =>illus at respire 见respire之插图.  2 arrangement of thin plates in a camera that control how much light is let in through the lens 光圈; 光孔; 光阑.  3 vibrating disc or cone producing sound-waves, eg in telephone receivers, loudspeakers, etc 振动膜（如电话听筒及扬声器等中的）.  4 (also Dutch cap, cap) thin plastic or rubber membrane that is fitted over the neck of the womb before intercourse to prevent conception 子宫帽（避孕用具）./ˈdaɪərɪst; `daɪərɪst/ n person who writes a diary, esp one that is later published 写日记的人, 日记作者（尤指内容供日後发表者）./ˌdaɪəˈrɪə; ˌdaɪə`riə/ n [U] condition that causes waste matter to be emptied from the bowels frequently and in a watery form 腹泻: have a bad attack of diarrhoea 患了严重的腹泻./ˈdaɪərɪ; `daɪərɪ/ n (book used for a) daily record of events, thoughts, appointments, etc 日记; 日志; 日记簿: keep (ie write regularly in) a diary 记日记./daɪˈæspərə; daɪ`æspərə/ n the Diaspora [sing] (a) settling of the Jews among various non-Jewish communities after they had been exiled in 538 BC 犹太人于公元前538年被逐出故土後散居各地. (b) places where they settled 犹太人散居的各个地方: People from every country of the Diaspora now live in Israel. 当年流落他乡的犹太人现在生活在以色列./ˈdaɪəsteɪs; `daɪəˌstes/ n [U] enzyme that converts starch to sugar, important in digestion 淀粉酶; 糖化酶./ˈdaɪətəm; <i>US</i> -tɒm; `daɪəˌtɑm/ n any of various types of microscopic one-cell plants living in water and forming fossil deposits 硅藻./ˌdaɪəˈtɒnɪk; ˌdaɪə`tɑnɪk/ adj (music 音) using the notes of the major or minor scale2(6) only, not of the chromatic scale 用自然音阶的./ˈdaɪətraɪb; `daɪəˌtraɪb/ n ~ (against sb/sth) lengthy and bitter attack in words 长篇抨击; 长时间的谩骂: a diatribe against the police state 对警察国家的连声怒骂./ˈdɪbl; `dɪbl/ (also dibber/ 5dIbE(r); `dIbL/) n short wooden tool with a pointed end, used for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants 点播器; 挖穴器.

v (phr v) dibble sth in put (plants, etc) inthe ground using a dibble 用点播器栽种（植物等）; 点播./daɪs; daɪs/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变)  1 (a) [C] small cube of wood, bone, plastic, etc that has a different number of spots on each side, from one to six, used in games of chance 色子; 骰子: a pair of dice 一对色子 * shake/roll/throw the dice 摇[滚/掷]色子. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] game played with this 掷色子游戏: play dice 玩掷色子游戏.  2 (idm 习语) load the dice => load2. no `dice (sl 俚 esp US) no agreement (to sth requested) 不同意（某要求）; 拒绝; 不行: `Shall we change the plan?' `No dice, we'll stick with the original one.' ｀我们变动一下计划好吗?＇｀不行, 我们要按原计划行事.＇

v  1 [I] gamble using dice 用色子赌博.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] cut (meat, vegetables, etc) into small cubes 将（肉、蔬菜等）切成小方块, 切成丁: Dice the beetroot (up) neatly. 将甜菜根切成整齐的小方块.  3 (idm 习语) dice with death (infml 口) risk one's life 冒生命危险; 玩儿命./ˈdaɪsɪ; `daɪsɪ/ adj (dicier, diciest) (infml 口) risky; dangerous 冒险的; 危险的: The fog made driving a bit dicey. 在这大雾中开车有些危险./daɪˈkɒtəmɪ; daɪ`kɑtəmɪ/ n ~ (between A and B) (fml 文) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc 一分为二; 二分; 二分法: the dichotomy between peace and war 和平与战争之一分为二 * They set up a false dichotomy between working and raising a family, ie wrongly claim that one cannot do both. 他们错误地把工作与养育儿女两者对立起来./dɪk; dɪk/ n  1 (<!> infml 讳, 口) penis 鸡巴（阴茎）.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口 esp US) detective 侦探: The thief was caught by the hotel dick. 那个贼被旅店的巡察职员抓住了./ˈdɪkɪnz; `dɪkɪnz/ n the dickens (infml euph 口, 婉) (used to give emphasis, esp in questions) the Devil （用以加强语气, 尤于疑问句中）相当于the Devil: Who/What/Where the dickens is that? 到底是谁[是什么/在哪儿]? * We had the dickens of a job finding the place. 我们费了九牛二虎之力才找到这地方./dɪˈkenzɪən; dɪ`kɛnzɪən/ adj of or like the novels of Dickens, which often describe eccentric characters and bad social conditions 狄更斯笔下的; 像狄更斯小说的: a Dickensian slum （似）狄更斯笔下的贫民窟./ˈdɪkə(r); `dɪkɚ/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for sth) argue (with the seller) about the price of sth; haggle （与卖主）讲价钱; 讨价还价: She dickered (with the shopkeeper) for the best fruit. 她要买店里最好的水果而（跟店主）讨价还价./ˈdɪkɪ; `dɪkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) not healthy or strong 不健康的; 虚弱的; 不结实的; 脆弱的: That ladder looks a bit dicky. 那梯子看起来不太结实. * have a dicky heart 虚弱的心脏./ˈdɪkɪ; `dɪkɪ/ n (infml 口)  1 (also `dicky-seat) (Brit dated 旧) small extra folding seat at the back of some old-fashioned two-seater cars （旧式两座位汽车後部的）摺叠加座.  2 (dated 旧) false shirt-front 衬衫的假襟.n  1 (used by or to young children 儿语) bird 鸟儿.  2 (idm 习语) not say a dicky-bird => say./ˌdaɪkɒtəˈliːdən; ˌdaɪkɑtlidn/ n flowering plant that has two leaves growing from the seed at the embryo stage 双子叶植物./ˈdɪktəfəʊn; `dɪktəˌfon/ n (propr 专利名) machine that records speech, esp dictated letters, and plays it back so that a secretary can type it out （录下口授信函等然後播放以供秘书打出的）录音机; 口授录音机./dɪkˈteɪt; <i>US</i> ˈdɪkteɪt; `dɪktet/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape) 口授; 读出（文字, 作听写或录音）: dictate a letter to one's secretary 向秘书口授信稿 * The teacher dictated a passage to the class. 教师读出一段文章让全班听写.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state or order sth with the force of authority 强行规定; 指令; 指定: dictate terms to a defeated enemy 向战败的敌人指定条件. 3 (phr v) dictate to sb (esp passive 尤用于被动语态) give orders to sb, esp in an officious way 指使某人; （尤指）向某人发号施令: I refuse to be dictated to by you. 我不愿被你呼来唤去的. * You can't dictate to people how they should live. 不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree.

n / 5dIkteIt; `dIktet/ (usu pl 通常作复数) command (esp one that reason, conscience, etc prompts one to obey) （尤指在理智、良心等驱使下必须执行的）命令, 指令: Follow the dictates of common sense, ie Do what common sense tells you to do. 按常识行事./dɪkˈteɪʃn; dɪk`teʃən/ n  1 [U] action of giving or taking sth dictated 口授; 听写; 命令: shorthand dictation 速记.  2 [C] passage, etc that is dictated 用作口授、听写的文字: three English dictations 三段英语听写文字./dɪkˈteɪtə(r); <i>US</i> ˈdɪkteɪtər; `dɪktetɚ/ n  1 ruler who has total power over his country, esp one who has obtained it by force and uses it in a cruel way 独裁者.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who insists that people do what he wants 霸道的人; 爱发号施令者: Our boss is a bit of a dictator. 我们的老板有点霸道./ˌdɪktəˈtɔːrɪəl; ˌdɪktə`tɔrɪəl/ adj (a) of or like a dictator 独裁者的; 似独裁者的; 独裁的: dictatorial government, powers, etc 独裁政治、权力等. (b) fond of giving orders; domineering 爱发号施令的; 霸道的; 专横的; 盛气凌人的: a dictatorial teacher, manner, tone 专横的教师、态度、语气. /-əlɪ; -əlɪ/ adv.n  1 [C, U] (country with) government by a dictator 独裁政治; 专政; 专制; 独裁国家; 专制国家.  2 [C] rank or office of a dictator 独裁者的地位或职位./ˈdɪkʃn; `dɪkʃən/ n [U] (a) style or manner of speaking or (sometimes) writing 说话（有时亦指写作）的方式; 语言风格: Clarity of diction is vital for a public speaker. 发音清晰对演说家至关重要. (b) choice and use of words 词语的选择; 遣词用字; 措辞./ˈdɪkʃənrɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; `dɪkʃəˌnɛrɪ/ n (a) book that lists and explains the words of a language, or gives translations of them into one or more other languages, and is usu arranged in alphabetical order 字典; 词典: an English dictionary 英语词典. (b) similar book that explains the terms of a particular subject 专业词典: a dictionary of architecture 建筑学词典./ˈdɪktəm; `dɪktəm/ n (pl ~s or  -ta / -tE; -tE/) (a) saying; maxim 名言; 格言: the well-known dictum `Knowledge is power' 着名的格言｀知识就是力量＇. (b) formal expression of opinion 正式发表的权威性意见.pt of do./dɪˈdæktɪk, daɪ-; daɪ`dæktɪk/ adj (fml 文)  1 intended to teach 教导的; 教诲性的; 说教的: didactic poetry, methods 教诲诗、教导方法.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) that seems to treat the listener, reader, etc like a child in school 对待听者、读者等有如小学生似的; 教书式的: I don't like her didactic way of explaining everything. 我不喜欢她那种像教小孩子一样解释一切的方法. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈdɪdl; `dɪdl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (infml 口) cheat sb, esp in small matters 欺骗某人; （尤指在小事上）哄骗: I've been diddled! Half of these tomatoes are bad! 我上当了! 这些番茄一半是坏的! * They've diddled me out of the rent! 他们骗去了我的租金!=> do./daɪ; daɪ/ n block of hard metal with a design, etc cut into it, used for shaping coins, printing-type, medals, etc or for stamping paper, leather, etc so that designs stand out from the surface 金属模; 硬模; 印模; 钢印.

/daɪ; daɪ/ v (pt, pp died, pres p dying)  1 (a) [I, Ipr] stop living; come to the end of one's life 死; 死亡; 死去: Flowers soon die without water. 花如果没有水很快就会枯死. * die of an illness, hunger, grief 因疾病、饥饿、悲伤而死 * die from a wound 受伤不治而死 * die by violence 横死 * die by one's own hand, ie commit suicide 自尽 * die for one's country 为国捐躯 * die through neglect 因疏忽而送命 * die in battle 阵亡 * one's dying wish/words/breath, ie uttered just before death 临终愿望[遗言/最後一口气] * I'll love you to my dying day, ie until I die. 我爱你至死不渝. (b) [La, Ln] be (sth) when one dies 死时处于（某种状态）; 死时具备（某种身分）: die happy, poor, young, etc 在幸福中、穷困中、年轻时...死亡 * die a beggar, martyr, etc 在乞讨生活中死去、殉道. (c) [Tn] have (a particular kind of death) 以（某死亡方式）而终: die a lingering, natural, violent, etc death 弥留许久後死去、寿终正寝、横死.  2 [I] (fig 比喻) cease to exist; disappear 不复存在; 消失; 消亡: love that will never die 永不止息的爱 * dying traditions, customs, etc 行将消失的传统、习俗等 * His secret died with him, ie He died without telling it to anyone. 他的秘密随他一同入土了. * The flame died, ie went out. 火熄了.  3 (idm 习语) be dying for sth/to do sth have a strong desire for sth 极想; 渴望: I'm dying for something to eat. 我极想吃点东西. * She's dying to know where you've been. 她极想知道你到哪儿去了. die the `death (joc谑) end suddenly and completely 突然中止; 戛然而止: After getting bad reviews the play quickly died the death. 这出戏遭到恶评後, 很快就寿终正寝了. die `hard only be changed, disappear, etc with great difficulty 很难改变、消失等; 顽固; 死硬: Old habits die hard. 积习难移. die in one's `bed die of old age or illness 老死; 病故. die in `harness die while still working 在工作期间死去; 死于岗位. die laughing (infml 口) laugh a lot 笑死了: It was so funny, I nearly died laughing. 太好玩了, 我差点笑死了. die/fall/drop like flies => fly1. die with one's `boots on/in one's `boots die while still vigorous and active 暴毙. one's last/dying breath => breath. never say die => say.  4 (phr v) die away become so faint or weak that it is no longer noticeable 减弱（以至察觉不到）; 淡化: The noise of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的声音消失在远方. * The breeze has died away. 微风渐渐止住了. die down gradually become less strong, loud, noticeable, etc 逐渐减弱、降低、察觉不到等: flames, storms, pain dying down 火焰越来越小、风暴渐渐减弱、疼痛逐渐消失 * These rumours will soon die down. 这些谣言不久就会逐渐消失. die off die one by one 一一死去; 先後死去: The members of the family had all died off. 这家人一个个都死了. die out (a) (of a family, species, etc) no longer have any members left alive （指家族、物种等）死光, 灭绝, 绝迹: The moth's habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly died out. 这种蛾子因栖息地正受到破坏, 几乎绝种了. (b) (of a custom, practice, etc) no longer be common （指习俗、做法等）消失, 过时: The old traditions are dying out. 旧传统正在消失.

/daɪ; daɪ/ n  1 (dated 旧) = dice.  2 (idm 习语) the die is cast (saying 谚) a decision has been made and cannot be changed 事已决定, 不可更改; 木已成舟. straight as an arrow/a die = straight1.adj made by casting metal in a mould 用印模铸造的: die-cast toys, eg small models of cars 用印模铸造的玩具（如小汽车模型）.n person who is stubborn, esp in resisting change 顽固分子, 死硬分子（尤指反对变革者）: A few die-hards are trying to stop the reforms. 一小撮死硬派企图中止改革. * [attrib 作定语] a die-hard conservative, campaigner, sceptic 死硬的保守分子、搞运动的人、怀疑论者.(US) = diaeresis./ˈdiːzl; `dizl/ n  1 [C] (also `diesel engine) oil-burning engine (used eg for buses and locomotives) in which fuel is ignited by sudden compression 柴油机: [attrib 作定语] a diesel lorry, train, etc 柴油机运货卡车、火车等.  2 [U] (also `diesel fuel, `diesel oil) heavy fuel oil used in diesel engines 柴油.  3 [C] locomotive, motor vehicle or ship that uses diesel fuel 柴油机机车、机动车或船.adj driven by electric current from a generator driven by a diesel engine 用柴油发电机驱动的: a diesel-electric train 柴油电力驱动的火车./ˈdaɪət; `daɪət/ n  1 [C] sort of food that is usually eaten (by a person, community, etc) （某人、共同生活的人等）通常吃的食物; 日常食物: the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish 米、蔬菜、鱼等日本人常吃的食物 * Too rich a diet (ie Too much rich food) is not good for you. 吃太多油腻的食物对你身体不好. * illnesses caused by poor diet 饮食欠佳导致的疾病.  2 [C] limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, eg for medical reasons or in order to lose weight 限定的食物种类或数量, 规定食谱（如为治疗疾病或减轻体重的）: a salt-free diet 无盐食谱 * [attrib 作定语] diet aids 食疗.  3 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) so much of sth that it becomes boring or unpleasant 多得令人生厌的事物: the constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得使人腻烦的电视连续剧.  4 (idm 习语) (be/go/put sb) on a diet allowed to eat only some foods or a little food, because of illness or to lose weight 用规定食谱, 控制饮食, 节食（因病或为减轻体重）: The doctor says I've got to go on a diet. 医生说我得节食.

v [I] (be allowed to) eat only some foods or a little food, esp to lose weight 只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物; （尤指为减轻体重）节食: You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动.

/ˈdaɪət; `daɪət/ n  1 (esp formerly) series of meetings to discuss national, international or church affairs （尤指旧时）讨论国内、国际或宗教事务的一系列会议, 大会.  2 law-making assembly in certain countries, eg Japan （日本等国的）国会, 议会./ˈdaɪətərɪ; <i>US</i> -erɪ; `daɪəˌtɛrɪ/ adj: dietary habits 饮食习惯 * dietary rules, eg forbidding certain foods 饮食规定（如禁食某些食物）./ˌdaɪəˈtetɪk; ˌdaɪə`tɛtɪk/ adj of diet and nutrition 饮食的; 特定饮食的; 营养的.n [sing v] science of diet and nutrition 饮食学; 营养学./ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃn; ˌdaɪə`tɪʃən/ n expert in dietetics 饮食学家; 营养学家./ˈdɪfə(r); `dɪfɚ/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (from sb/sth) not be the same (as sb/sth); be unlike （与某人[某事物]）不同, 不一样, 有区别; 不像; 相异: The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭. * Tastes differ, ie Different people like different things. 人各有所好. * have differing tastes, views, etc 有不同的爱好、观点等 * In this respect, French differs from English/French and English differ. 在这方面, 法语不同于英语[法语与英语有区别].  2 ~ (with/from sb) (about/on sth) disagree; not share the same opinion 不同意; 持异议: I'm sorry to differ with you on that. 对不起, 在那一点上我与你看法不同. * We differ on many things. 我们在很多事情上意见都不一致.  3 (idm 习语) agree to differ => agree. I beg to differ => beg./ˈdɪfrəns; `dɪfrəns/ n  1 [C] ~ (between A and B); ~ (in/of sth) state or way in which two people or things are not the same, or in which sb/sth has changed 差别; 差异; 不同之处; 变化; 变化之处: the marked differences between the two children 两个孩子之间的显着差别 * Did you notice a difference (in her)? 你注意到（她）有什么变化吗? * It's easy to tell the difference (ie distinguish) between butter and margarine. 区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的. * a difference of approach 方法的不同.  2 [C, U] ~ (in sth) (between A and B) amount or degree in which two things are not the same or sth has changed 差距; 差额; 变化程度: There's an age difference of six years between them, ie One of them is six years older than the other. 他们俩相差六岁. * I'll lend you 90% of the money and you'll have to find the difference, ie the other 10%. 我借给你这笔钱的90%, 其余的（10%）你自己解决. * We measured the difference(s) in temperature. 我们测量了温度的变化. * There's not much difference in price between the two computers. 这两种计算机价格没多大差别.  3 [C] ~ (between A and B) (over sth) disagreement, often involving a quarrel 意见不合, 争执（常引起争吵者）: Settle your differences and be friends again. 你们消除分歧, 言归于好罢. * We had a difference of opinion (ie argued) over who had won. 我们在究竟是谁获胜的问题上发生了争执.  4 (idm 习语) as near as makes no difference => near2. for all the `difference it/sth makes considering how little difference it/sth makes 鉴于那事物[某事物]作用甚微; 尽管有所差别. make a, no, some, etc difference (to sb/sth) (a) have an, no, some, etc effect (on sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）有、没有、有些...作用或影响: The rain didn't make much difference (to the game). 这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响. * The sea air has made a difference to (ie improved) her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况. * A hot bath makes all the difference (ie makes you feel better) in the morning. 上午洗个热水澡能让人精神振奋. (b) be important, unimportant, etc (to sb/sth); matter （对某人[某事物]）重要、不重要等; 要紧、不要紧等: It makes no difference (to me) what you say: I'm not going. 不管你怎么说（对我来说）都无所谓, 反正我不去. * It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好, 明天去也好, 关系不大. * Does that make any difference? ie Is it important, need we consider it? 那要紧吗? * Yes, it makes all the difference, ie is very important. 是的, 非常重要. make a difference between treat differently 区别对待; 不同样对待: She makes no difference between her two sons. 她对两个儿子一视同仁. sink one's differences => sink1. split the difference => split. with a `difference (following ns 用于名词之後) special; unusual 特别的; 与众不同的: She's an opera singer with a difference: she can act well! 她这个歌剧演唱家与众不同, 因为她还擅长表演!/ˈdɪfrənt; `dɪfrənt/ adj  1 ~ (from/to sb/sth); esp US ~ (than sb/sth) not the same (as sb/sth) 不同的; 不一样的; 有区别的: the same product with a different name 名称不同的同一种产品 * The room looks different with the furniture gone. 家具搬走之後, 这房间变了样了. * Their tastes are different from/to mine. 他们的爱好与我的不同. * She is wearing a different dress every time I see her. 我每次见到她时, 她穿的衣服都不重样.  2 separate; distinct 分别的; 彼此分开的; 各不相同的: I called on three different occasions, but he was out. 我打了三次电话, 他都不在. * They are sold in different colours, ie a variety of colours. 这批货有多种颜色供选购.  3 (idm 习语) (as) ,different as ,chalk and/from `cheese completely different 天差地远; 迥然不同. a (very) different kettle of fish (infml 口) a completely different person or thing from the one previously mentioned 与所提及的人或事物完全不同者; 另一码事. know different => know. sing a different song/tune => sing. 

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: British and US English differ as regards the prepositions used after different. 接在different後面的介词, 在英式英语和美式英语中有所不同.  1 Before a noun or adverbial phrase, both from and to are acceptable in British English. 若用在名词或状语短语前, 英式英语使用from和to均可. Some speakers prefer from. 有的人喜欢用from. Different than is not usual *different than则不常用: He's very different from/to his brother. 他跟他哥哥很不同. * This visit is very different from/to last time. 这次的访问与上次大不一样. In US English than is commonly used (not to) 在美式英语中, than使用得较普遍（to则不常见）: Your trains are different from/than ours. 你们的火车跟我们的不一样. * You look different than before. 你看上去跟从前不同了.  2 In both varieties, but especially in US English, than is an alternative to from before a clause 在以上两种英语中, 尤其是美式英语, 从句前既可用from亦可用than: His appearance was very different from what I'd expected/His appearance was very different than I'd expected. 他的容貌与我想像的相去甚远./ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl; ˌdɪfə`rɛnʃəl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of, showing or depending on a difference 不同的; 有分别的; 基于差别的; 区别性的: differential treatment of applicants for jobs, eg varying according to their education, etc 对求职者区别对待（如根据学历等） * Non-EEC countries pay a higher differential tariff. 欧洲经济共同体以外的国家须付高于成员国的差别关税.

n  1 (also differential wage) (esp Brit) difference in rates of pay for different types of work or workers （不同工种或工人的）工资级差: a dispute about the differential between men and women workers 有关男女工不同酬的争议.  2 (also ,differential `gear) gear enabling a vehicle's back wheels to turn at different speeds when going round corners （车辆转弯时使两後轮以不同速度转动的）差速器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.(mathematics 数) branch of calculus concerned with calculating rates of change, maximum and minimum values, etc 微分（学）. Cf 参看 integral calculus (integral)./ˌdɪfəˈrenʃɪeɪt; ˌdɪfə`rɛnʃɪˌet/ v  1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else) 看出或指出（两者）不同; 辨别; 区别; 区分: Can you differentiate between the two varieties? 你能辨别这两个品种吗? * Can you differentiate one variety from the other? 你能将这两个品种区别开来吗? * One character is not clearly differentiated from another. 人物之间的区别没有明显刻划出来. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) be a mark of difference between (people or things); distinguish 构成（人或事物）间的差别; 使（人或事物）有差别: The male's orange beak differentiates it from the female. 那种鸟雄鸟的喙呈橙色, 与雌鸟不同.  2 [Ipr] ~ between A and B treat (people or things) in a different way, esp unfairly; discriminate 区别对待（人或事物）（尤指不公平地）: It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background. 根据出身不同而区别待人是不对的. /ˌdɪfərenʃɪˈeɪʃn;ˌdɪfəˌrɛnʃɪ`eʃən/ n [U].adv./ˈdɪfɪkəlt; `dɪfəkəlt/ adj  1 ~ (to do sth) (of tasks) requiring effort or skill; not easy （指任务）需要精力或技术的; 困难的; 不易的: a difficult problem, language, translation 难题、难学的语言、难做的翻译 * She finds it difficult to stop smoking. 她觉得戒烟很不容易. * This mountain is difficult to climb/It is difficult to climb this mountain. 这座山很难爬[爬这座山可不容易]. * Their refusal puts us in a difficult position. 他们拒绝後, 我们便陷入了困境. * They made it difficult for me to see her. 他们从中作梗, 让我不易见到她. * 13 is a difficult age, ie Children have problems then. 13岁是个出麻烦的年龄.  2 (of people) not easy to please or satisfy; unwilling to co-operate （指人）不易取悦的, 不易满足的, 不易相处的, 不愿合作的, 执拗的: a difficult child, customer, boss, etc 难哄的小孩、难对付的顾客、难讨好的上司 * Don't be difficult: just lend us the money. 别难为人了, 还是把钱借给我们罢.  3 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach => approach./ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ; `dɪfəˌkəltɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) state or quality of being difficult; trouble or effort that sth involves 困难; 艰难; 困难性; 难度: the sheer difficulty of the task 这项任务的高难度 * Bad planning will lead to difficulty later. 计划不善会给今後带来困难. * do sth with/without difficulty 费劲地[不费劲地]做某事 * She got the door open, but only with some difficulty. 她倒是把门打开了, 但却花了些力气. * I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her. 我为了说服她, 费了好大的劲. * We had no difficulty (in) finding the house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了那所房子.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] difficult thing to do, understand or deal with 难做、难懂、难应付的事; 难事; 难点; 难题: the difficulties of English syntax 英语句法的难点 * be working under some difficulty, ie in difficult circumstances 在艰苦的条件下工作 * She met with many difficulties when travelling. 她在旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事. * financial difficulties, ie problems about money 财务困难 * We got into difficulty/difficulties with the rent,  ie found it hard to pay. 我们付不出租钱了. * I want to marry her, but my parents are making/creating difficulties, ie making things hard for us. 我想娶她, 但我父母从中阻挠./-dəns; -dəns/ n [U]. /ˈdɪfɪdənt; `dɪfədənt/ adj ~ (about sth) not having or showing much belief in one's own abilities; lacking self-confidence 对自己的能力缺乏信心的; 露出怯态的; 缺乏自信的: an able but diffident young student 能干但缺乏自信的青年学生 * Don't be so diffident about your talents. 别对自己的才能如此缺乏信心. adv./dɪˈfrækt; dɪ`frækt/ v [Tn] break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark and light bands or into the coloured bands of the spectrum 使（一束光）衍射（即将 一束光分解为一系列明暗有别的光带或有色的光谱谱带, 旧作绕射）. /dɪˈfrækʃn; dɪ`frækʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈfjuːz; dɪ`fjuz/ v  1 [Tn] spread (sth) all around; send out in all directions 散布; 传播: diffuse a scent, an odour, light, heat, learning, knowledge 散发香气、散发气味、传送光、传导热、传授学问、传播知识 * He diffuses enthusiasm all around him. 他热情奔放. * posters diffusing party propaganda 政党的宣传海报 * diffused lighting, ie not coming directly from one source 漫射光照明（非直接来自单一的光源）.  2 [I, Tn] (cause gases or liquids to) mix slowly 使（气体或液体）慢慢混合, 扩散: A drop of milk diffused in the water, and it became cloudy. 一滴奶在水中扩散开来, 使水变得混浊不清了.

/dɪˈfjuːs; dɪ`fjus/ adj  1 spread out; not concentrated 散开的; 不集中的; 漫射的; 扩散的: diffuse light 漫射光.  2 using too many words; not concise 堆砌词藻的; 不简洁的; 冗赘的: a diffuse writer, style 行文冗赘的作者、冗赘的文体. adv. n [U]./dɪˈfjuːʒn; dɪ`fjuʒən/ n [U] diffusing or being diffused 散布; 传播; 弥漫; 扩散: the diffusion of knowledge through books and lectures 通过书本和授课进行的知识传播 * the diffusion of gases and liquids 气体和液体的扩散./dɪg; dɪˇ/ v (-gg-; pt, pp dug / dQg; dQ^/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use one's hands, a spade, a machine, etc to break up and move (earth, etc); advance by doing this 挖, 掘（泥土等）: I spent the morning digging. 我整个上午都在不停地挖. * They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel. 他们正在凿山建一条隧道. * dig down into the soil 往土里深挖 * It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen. 地面冻住了就不易挖掘. * dig the soil away from the bottom of the wall 将墙根的泥挖出来. (b) [Tn] make (a hole, etc) by doing this 挖出（洞等）; 凿出; 打（洞）: dig a pit, tunnel, shaft, etc 挖坑、隧道、升降井等. (c) [Ipr] ~ for sth search for (gold, etc) by doing this 采掘探寻（黄金等）; 探矿: We are digging for mineral deposits. 我们正在掘地探矿.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) (a) [Tn] enjoy (sth); appreciate 喜欢（某事物）; 欣赏: I don't dig modern jazz. 我不喜欢现代爵士乐. (b) [I, Tn] understand (sth) 明白（某事物）; 懂: I don't dig that crazy stuff. 我不懂那种没意思的玩意儿. * You dig? 你懂了吗?  3 (idm 习语) ,dig one's `heels/`toes in be stubborn; refuse to give in 固执已见; 寸步不让. dig sb in the ribs nudge or prod sb hard in the side 用肘碰或戳某人的肋部. dig one's own grave do sth which causes one's own downfall 自掘坟墓; 自取灭亡.  4 (phr v) dig in; dig into sth (infml 口) (begin to) eat hungrily or enthusiastically （开始）贪婪地吃, 津津有味地吃: The food's ready, so dig in! 吃的弄好了, 放量吃罢! dig sth in; dig sth into sth (a) mix sth with soil by digging 在翻地时将某物混入土壤中: The manure should be well dug in. 在翻地时应把肥料均匀地混入土壤中. (b) push or thrust sth into sth 推入; 插入; 戳进; 刺入: dig a fork into a pie 用餐叉叉馅饼 * The rider dug his spurs into the horse's flank. 骑马者用靴刺戳了戳马的侧腹. * The dog dug its teeth in. 那只狗一口咬下去. dig oneself in (a) (military 军) (of soldiers) protect oneself by digging a trench, etc （指士兵）挖壕沟等以掩蔽自己, 挖掩体. (b) (infml 口) establish oneself securely (in a place, job, etc) （在职位、工作等方面）使自己站稳脚跟, 巩固自己的地位: He has dug himself in well at the college now. 如今他在学院已站住脚了. dig sb/sth out (of sth) (a) get sb/sth out by digging 挖出某人[某物]: They dug the potatoes out (of the ground). 他们（从地里）挖出了马铃薯. * He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了, 得把他挖出来. (b) get sth by searching or study 搜出或钻研出某事物; 探索; 查明: dig information out of books and reports 从书和报告中查找资料 * dig out the truth 探明实情. (c) (infml 口) take out (sth not easy to get at) 取出（不易找到的东西）; 翻出: dig out an old photo from the drawer 从抽屉中翻出一张旧照片. dig sth over prepare (ground) thoroughly by digging 翻挖（土地）; 刨地: dig the garden over 给花园翻地. dig sth up (a) break up (soil, etc) by digging 挖掘（泥土等）; 垦地: dig up land for a new garden 为建一座新花园而垦地. (b) remove (sth) from the ground by digging 从地里挖出（某物）: We dug up the tree by its roots. 我们将树连根挖起. (c) reveal and remove from the ground by digging (sth that has been buried or hidden) 从地里挖掘出（掩埋或藏起的东西）; 掘到: An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. 上个月在这儿挖出了一尊古希腊雕像. (d) (fig 比喻) discover (information, etc); reveal sth 找出（情报等）; 透露某事: Newspapers love to dig up scandal. 报纸就是爱把丑事儿揭出来.

/dɪg; dɪˇ/ n  1 (a) poke; prod 戳; 刺; 捣: give sb a dig in the ribs 戳某人的肋部. (b) ~ (at sb) (fig 比喻) remark that is meant to irritate or upset sb 故意让某人生气的言语; 恼人的话; 挖苦: She makes mean little digs at him. 她冲他说一些刻薄的挖苦话.  2 (a) act of digging 挖; 掘; 翻挖; 刺; 戳: I gave the vegetable plot a quick dig. 我把菜地很快翻了一遍. (b) site being explored by archaeologists 考古发掘地.

/dɪg; dɪˇ/ v (-gg-; pt, pp dug/ dQg; dQ^/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use one's hands, a spade, a machine, etc to break up and move (earth, etc); advance by doing this 挖, 掘（泥土等）: I spent the morning digging. 我整个上午都在不停地挖. * They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel. 他们正在凿山建一条隧道. * dig down into the soil 往土里深挖 * It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen. 地面冻住了就不易挖掘. * dig the soil away from the bottom of the wall 将墙根的泥挖出来. (b) [Tn] make (a hole, etc) by doing this 挖出（洞等）; 凿出; 打（洞）: dig a pit, tunnel, shaft, etc 挖坑、隧道、升降井等. (c) [Ipr] ~ for sth search for (gold, etc) by doing this 采掘探寻（黄金等）; 探矿: We are digging for mineral deposits. 我们正在掘地探矿.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) (a) [Tn] enjoy (sth); appreciate 喜欢（某事物）; 欣赏: I don't dig modern jazz. 我不喜欢现代爵士乐. (b) [I, Tn] understand (sth) 明白（某事物）; 懂: I don't dig that crazy stuff. 我不懂那种没意思的玩意儿. * You dig? 你懂了吗?  3 (idm 习语) ,dig one's `heels/`toes in be stubborn; refuse to give in 固执已见; 寸步不让. dig sb in the ribs nudge or prod sb hard in the side 用肘碰或戳某人的肋部. dig one's own grave do sth which causes one's own downfall 自掘坟墓; 自取灭亡.  4 (phr v) dig in; dig into sth (infml 口) (begin to) eat hungrily or enthusiastically （开始）贪婪地吃, 津津有味地吃: The food's ready, so dig in! 吃的弄好了, 放量吃罢! dig sth in; dig sth into sth (a) mix sth with soil by digging 在翻地时将某物混入土壤中: The manure should be well dug in. 在翻地时应把肥料均匀地混入土壤中. (b) push or thrust sth into sth 推入; 插入; 戳进; 刺入: dig a fork into a pie 用餐叉叉馅饼 * The rider dug his spurs into the horse's flank. 骑马者用靴刺戳了戳马的侧腹. * The dog dug its teeth in. 那只狗一口咬下去. dig oneself in (a) (military 军) (of soldiers) protect oneself by digging a trench, etc （指士兵）挖壕沟等以掩蔽自己, 挖掩体. (b) (infml 口) establish oneself securely (in a place, job, etc) （在职位、工作等方面）使自己站稳脚跟, 巩固自己的地位: He has dug himself in well at the college now. 如今他在学院已站住脚了. dig sb/sth out (of sth) (a) get sb/sth out by digging 挖出某人[某物]: They dug the potatoes out (of the ground). 他们（从地里）挖出了马铃薯. * He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了, 得把他挖出来. (b) get sth by searching or study 搜出或钻研出某事物; 探索; 查明: dig information out of books and reports 从书和报告中查找资料 * dig out the truth 探明实情. (c) (infml 口) take out (sth not easy to get at) 取出（不易找到的东西）; 翻出: dig out an old photo from the drawer 从抽屉中翻出一张旧照片. dig sth over prepare (ground) thoroughly by digging 翻挖（土地）; 刨地: dig the garden over 给花园翻地. dig sth up (a) break up (soil, etc) by digging 挖掘（泥土等）; 垦地: dig up land for a new garden 为建一座新花园而垦地. (b) remove (sth) from the ground by digging 从地里挖出（某物）: We dug up the tree by its roots. 我们将树连根挖起. (c) reveal and remove from the ground by digging (sth that has been buried or hidden) 从地里挖掘出（掩埋或藏起的东西）; 掘到: An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. 上个月在这儿挖出了一尊古希腊雕像. (d) (fig 比喻) discover (information, etc); reveal sth 找出（情报等）; 透露某事: Newspapers love to dig up scandal. 报纸就是爱把丑事儿揭出来.

/dɪg; dɪˇ/ n  1 (a) poke; prod 戳; 刺; 捣: give sb a dig in the ribs 戳某人的肋部. (b) ~ (at sb) (fig 比喻) remark that is meant to irritate or upset sb 故意让某人生气的言语; 恼人的话; 挖苦: She makes mean little digs at him. 她冲他说一些刻薄的挖苦话.  2 (a) act of digging 挖; 掘; 翻挖; 刺; 戳: I gave the vegetable plot a quick dig. 我把菜地很快翻了一遍. (b) site being explored by archaeologists 考古发掘地./ˈdaɪdʒest; `daɪdʒɛst/ n short condensed account; summary 摘要; 概要: a digest of the week's news 一周新闻摘要.

/dɪˈdʒest, daɪ-; də`dʒɛst, daɪ-/ v  1 (a) [Tn] change (food) in the stomach and bowels so that it can be used by the body 消化（食物）: Fish is easy to digest when you're ill. 生病时吃鱼容易消化. (b) [I] (of food) be changed in this way （指食物）被消化: It takes hours for a meal to digest. 一顿饭要几小时才能消化掉.  2 [Tn] take (information) in mentally; fully understand 吸收（信息）; 完全理解; 彻底领会: Have you digested the report yet? 这个报告你吃透了吗?/dɪ ˌdʒestəˈbɪlətɪ, daɪ-; dəˌdʒɛstə`bɪlətɪ, daɪ-/ n [U]./dɪˈdʒestəbl, daɪ-; də`dʒɛstəbl, daɪ-/ adjthat can be digested 可消化的; 可吸收的. /dɪˈdʒestʃən, daɪ-; də`dʒɛstʃən, daɪ-/ n (a) [U] digesting 消化; 吸收; 领悟: foods which aid digestion 助消化的食物. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] power of digesting food 消化能力; 消化力: have a good/poor digestion 消化力强[弱]./dɪˈdʒestɪv, daɪ-; də`dʒɛstɪv, daɪ-/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of digestion (of food) 消化（食物）的: the digestive process, juices 消化过程、消化液 * suffer from digestive trouble 患消化系统的疾病.(Brit) round, not very sweet, biscuit made from wholemeal flour 消化饼乾.organs of the body that digest food 消化系统. =>illus 见插图./ˈdɪgə(r); `dɪˇɚ/ n  1 person who digs 挖掘者; 采掘者.  2 mechanical excavator 挖掘机; 挖掘器.  3 (sl 俚) Australian or New Zealander, esp a soldier 澳大利亚人, 新西兰人（尤指士兵）./ˈdɪgɪŋ; `dɪˇɪŋ/ n  1 [U] action of digging 挖掘; 采掘.  2 diggings [pl] place where people dig for tin, gold, etc （开采锡、黄金等的）矿场, 矿区./ˈdɪdʒɪt; `dɪdʒɪt/ n  1 (mathematics 数) any of the ten Arabic numerals 0 to 9 （阿拉伯数字中）09的任何一个数字: The number 57306 contains five digits. 57306是个五位数.  2 (anatomy 解) finger or toe 手指; 脚趾./ˈdɪdʒɪtl; `dɪdʒɪtl/ adj  1 showing amounts by means of numbers 数字的; 数字显示的.  2 of fingers or toes 手指的; 脚趾的. ,digital `clock, ,digital `watch clock/watch that shows the time by digits rather than hands 数字式时钟[手表]. ,digital com`puter device that makes calculations, etc with data represented as a series of digits 数字计算机. Cf 参看 analogue computer (analogue). ,digital re`cording [C, U] (recording made by a) process of converting sound into a series of electrical pulses (representing binary digits) 数字录声（把声频信号变换成与二元数字相应的一串脉冲的过程及以此方式进行的录声）.adj having or showing dignity 有尊严的; 高贵的; 显得高尚的; 高雅的; 庄严的: a dignified person, walk, bow 高贵的人、庄重的步态、高雅的鞠躬礼./ˈdɪgnɪfaɪ; `dɪˇnəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文)  1 [Tn] make (sth) seem worthy or impressive; give dignity to 使（某事物）显得有尊严、崇高; 给（某事物）增光: a ceremony dignified by the presence of the ambassador 因大使光临而生辉的典礼.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give an important-sounding name to sb/sth 用尊贵的名字称呼某人[某事物]; 美其名曰: dignify a small collection of books with the name of library 藏书不多, 却美其名曰图书馆 * I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel. 这部劣等作品我是不会美称为小说的./ˈdɪgnɪtərɪ; <i>US</i> -terɪ; `dɪˇnəˌtɛrɪ/ n (fml 文) person with a high rank or position 显要人物; 权贵: civic dignitaries, eg the mayor and councillors 市政要人（如市长和议员）./ˈdɪgnətɪ; `dɪˇnətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth 高尚的品质; 可贵的品质; 真正的价值; 尊严; 尊贵: the dignity of labour 劳动的尊严 * Only a truly free person has human dignity. 只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严.  2 [U] calm or serious manner or style 庄严的举止; 端庄的仪态: She kept her dignity despite the booing. 尽管嘘声四起, 她依旧泰然自若.  3 [C] (fml 文) high or honourable rank, post or title 高位或显要职衔: The Queen conferred the dignity of a peerage on him. 女王封他为贵族.  4 (idm 习语) be,neath one's `dignity (often ironic 常作反语) below one's social, moral, etc standards 有失身分、尊严、体面等: Some husbands still think it beneath their dignity to do the shopping. 有些做丈夫的至今仍然认为让他们去买东西是件丢面子的事. ,stand on one's `dignity insist on behaving or being treated in a special way because one thinks oneself important （因自爱）保持尊严; （因自命不凡）摆架子: She doesn't stand on her dignity and treat the rest of us as servants. 她没有端着架子把我们当作仆人对待./ˈdaɪgrɑːf; <i>US</i> -græf; `daɪˇræf/ n two letters that represent a single sound (eg sh / F; F/, ea / i:; i/ in sheaf) 二合字母（代表一个单音的两个字母, 如sheaf中sh代表 /F; F/ , ea代表 /i:; i/）./daɪˈgres; daɪ`ˇrɛs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) turn or wander (from the main topic) in speech or writing 说话或写作时偏离（主题）; 离题: Don't digress (from the subject) when lecturing. 讲课时不要岔开（主题）./daɪˈgreʃn; daɪ`ˇrɛʃən/ n (a) [U] digressing 离题. (b) [C] passage, etc in which one digresses 题外话; 枝节内容: If you'll allow a slight digression,... 请允许我说几句题外话..../dɪgz; dɪˇz/ n [pl] (Brit infml 口) room(s) rented in sb else's house; lodgings 在他人房屋里租用的房间; 寄宿房间; 寄宿处: the high cost of living in digs 寄宿的高费用 * take digs in London 在伦敦寄宿.v [I, Tn] make or provide (sth) with a dike(1, 2) 建排水沟; 筑堤./daɪk; daɪk/ n  1 ditch (for allowing water to flow away from land) 排水沟.  2 long wall of earth, etc (to keep back water and prevent flooding) （拦水防洪的）土堤, 堤坝.  3 (<!> sl 讳, 俚) lesbian, esp a masculine one 同性恋女子（尤指男性化者）./ˈdiktæt; dɪk`tɑt/ n [C, U] (derog 贬) order, esp an unreasonable one, that must be obeyed 命令, 指令, 勒令（尤指不合理而又必须服从的）: refuse to accept the foreign diktat 拒绝接受这道外国的苛刻命令./dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd; də`læpəˌdetɪd/ adj (of furniture, buildings, etc) falling to pieces; in a bad state of repair （指家具、建筑物等）残破的, 破烂的, 失修的: a dilapidated chair, bed, etc 破椅子、床等 * a dilapidated-looking car 破破烂烂的汽车. /dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃn; dəˌlæpə`deʃən/ n [U]: in a dreadful state of dilapidation 处于破败不堪的状态./daɪˈleɪt; daɪ`let/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become wider, larger or further open （使某物）扩大, 膨胀, 张大: The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room. 进入黑暗的房间时, 瞳孔就扩大. * The horse dilated its nostrils. 那匹马张大了鼻孔.  2 (phr v) dilate on sth (fml 文) speak or write about sth for a long time 详述某事; 铺叙某事: a chapter in which she dilates on the benefits of vegetarianism 她详述素食好处的一章./daɪˈleɪʃn; daɪ`leʃən/ n [U] dilating or being dilated 扩大; 膨胀; 张大; 详述.adv. n [U]./ˈdɪlətərɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `dɪləˌtɔrɪ/ adj (fml 文) (a) ~ (in doing sth) slow in acting 行动缓慢的; 迟缓的: The Government has been dilatory in condemning the outrage. 政府迟迟才谴责是次暴行. (b) causing delay 拖拉的; 拖延的: dilatory behaviour, actions, etc 拖拉的行为、行动等. /dɪˈlemə, daɪ-; də`lɛmə, daɪ-/ n  1 situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action 进退两难的窘境; 进退维谷的困境: be in/place sb in a dilemma 陷入[置某人于]进退两难之境.  2 (idm 习语) on the horns of a dilemma => horn./ˌdɪlɪˈtæntɪ; ˌdɪlə`tæntɪ/ n (pl ~s or -ti / -ti:; -ti/) (often derog 常作贬义) person who studies or does sth, but without serious interest or understanding 浮泛的涉猎者; 浅尝辄止者: a musical dilettante 粗通音乐的人. /-ˈtæntɪʃ; -`tæntɪʃ/ adj: a dilettantish follower of the arts 蜻蜒点水般学艺术的人./ˈdɪlɪdʒəns; `dɪlədʒəns/ n [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) steady effort; careful hard work 不懈的努力; 勤勉; 勤奋; 认真刻苦: She shows great diligence in her school work. 她做作业非常用功. * He pursues his aims with diligence. 他努力追求自己的奋斗目标./ˈdɪlɪdʒənt; `dɪlədʒənt/ adj ~ (in sth/in doing sth) showing care and effort (in what one does); hard-working 认真刻苦的; 勤勉的; 勤奋的; 用功的: a diligent worker, pupil, etc 勤奋的工作者、学生等 * They're very diligent in keeping records. 他们做记录十分认真. adv./dɪl; dɪl/ n [U] herb with scented leaves and seeds used for flavouring pickles 莳萝; 小茴香./ˈdɪlɪ; `dɪlɪ/ n (US infml 口) person or thing considered excellent or remarkable 杰出人物; 突出人物; 突出事物; 显眼的事物: She had a dilly of a bruise on her arm. 她手臂上有一块显眼的伤痕./ˈdɪlɪ dælɪ; `dɪlɪˌdælɪ/ (pt, pp -dallied) v [I] (infml 口) waste time; dawdle 浪费时间; 磨蹭; 闲混: Don't dilly-dally! Make up your mind! 别磨蹭了! 拿定主意罢!/daɪˈljuːt; <i>US</i> -ˈluːt; daɪ`lut/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)  1 make (a liquid or colour) thinner or weaker (by adding water or another liquid) 使（液体）变稀; 使（颜色）变淡; 稀释; 冲淡; 搀水: dilute wine with water 搀水把酒冲淡.  2 (fig 比喻) make (sth) weaker in force, effect, etc 削弱（某事物）的力量、效果等; 使减色; 降低: diluting standards in our schools 降低我们各校的水平.

adj (of acids, etc) weakened by diluting （指酸液等）稀释的, 冲淡了的, 搀水的: dilute sulphuric acid 稀硫酸./daɪˈljuːʃn; <i>US</i> -ˈluː-; daɪ`luʃən/ n (a) [U] diluting or being diluted 稀释; 冲淡. (b) [C] thing that is diluted 被稀释[冲淡]之物./dɪm; dɪm/ adj (-mmer, -mmest)  1 (a) where or which one cannot see well; not bright 光线暗淡的; 看不清的; 不光亮的; 昏暗的; 阴暗的: a dim corridor with no windows 没有窗户的昏暗走廊 * the dim outline of buildings on a dark night 黑夜里建筑物朦胧的轮廓 * reading by dim candle-light 就着微弱的烛光读书. (b) not clearly remembered; faint 记不清的; 记忆模糊的: a dim memory/recollection 淡淡的记忆[回忆].  2 (infml 口) (of people) lacking intelligence （指人）愚笨的.  3 (of the eyes, eyesight) not able to see well （指眼睛）看不清东西的; （视力）差的, 模糊的: His sight is getting dim. 他的视力越来越差了. * eyes dim with tears 迷离的泪眼.  4 (idm 习语) dim and distant (joc 谑) long past 很久以前: Once, in the dim and distant past, I was a student here. 我早八辈子的时候在这儿读过书.

v (-mm-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dim 变暗淡或模糊; 使（某事物）暗淡或模糊: The stage lights (were) dimmed, and the play's first act was over. 舞台灯光暗了下去, 这出戏的第一幕结束了. * Old age hasn't dimmed her memory. 她虽然年事已高, 但记忆并未模糊.n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻子. adj (infml 口) stupid 愚笨的./daɪm; daɪm/ n  1 coin of the US and Canada worth ten cents 美国、加拿大的10分铸币. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) a ,dime a `dozen (infml 口) nearly worthless or very common 几乎一文不值的; 极便宜的; 很普通的: Novels like this one are a dime a dozen: write something original! 这样的小说多得很, 还是写些新鲜的东西罢!/dɪˈmenʃn, daɪ-; də`mɛnʃən, daɪ-/ n  1 [C, U] measurement of any sort (breadth, length, thickness, height, etc) （空间的）任何一种量度（宽度、长度、厚度、高度等）: What are the dimensions of the room? 这房间的面积是多少? =>App 4 见附录4. => illus 见插图.  2 dimensions [pl] size; extent 大小; 体积; 程度; 范围: a creature of huge dimensions 体形庞大的动物 * (fig 比喻) I did not realized the dimensions of the problem. 我未曾意识到问题的严重程度.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) aspect 方面; 侧面: There is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed. 这问题还有一方面我们没讨论过.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 It is sometimes difficult to decide whether length (adj long), width (adj wide) or depth (adj deep) is the correct term for a particular measurement. 对于物体某一边的量度, 在length (adj long)、width (adj wide)或depth (adj deep)中选用哪个才对, 有时颇难确定. The measurements of a room or of a rectangular area or object are the length (measured along the longer sides) and the width (measured along the shorter sides) 量度房间或长方形的面积或物体, 用length（长度, 沿较长的边量得）和width（宽度, 沿较短的边量得）表示: The garage is 6 metres long and 3 metres wide. 汽车房长6米, 宽3米. When describing a piece of furniture that has a front and a back, both length and width can be used for the longer sides and depth is used for the measurement from front to back. 在形容一件有前後之分的家具时, length和width均可用以指较长的边, 而depth（深度）则指从前面到後面的尺寸. Length is generally used when the measurement of the front is much greater than that of the depth. 若前面的长短远远超过深度, 一般用length. *Width is used when the measurements of the front and of the depth are similar. 若前面的长短与深度相似, 则用width. (See illustration 见插图. )  2 Compare wide and broad. 试比较wide和broad. Wide is the more general word but broad is used of parts of the body *wide适用范围较广, broad则特指身体的部位: a broad nose 大鼻子 *  broad shoulders 宽阔的双肩. Otherwise it is more formal than wide and is often used, especially in literary language, to describe features of the landscape 在其他情况下, broad比wide更文雅, 尤其在文学语言中常用以描绘景色: a broad river 宽阔的河 *  a broad expanse of unspoilt country 一片广袤的、自然美未受破坏的郊野./dɪˈmɪnɪʃ; də`mɪnɪʃ/ v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease 变小; 变少; 使（某事物）变小; 使（某事物）变少; 缩小; 减少; 降低: His strength has diminished over the years. 经过这许多年月, 他的体力不如从前了. * Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. 什么也不能影响她对这项计划的热忱. * diminishing hopes, supplies, funds 逐渐渺茫的希望、渐渐用完的物资、渐渐枯竭的资金.  2 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) seem less important than it really is; devalue 减低（某人[某事物]的重要性; 贬低: The opposition are trying to diminish our achievements. 反对党企图贬低我们的成就.  3 (music 音) decrease (an interval) by a semitone 将（音程）减半音: a diminished seventh 减七度.(law 律) state of mind in which an accused person cannot be held fully responsible for a crime 减轻的刑事责任（被告因精神失常不能对其罪行完全负责）./dɪˌmɪnjʊˈendəʊ; dəˌmɪnjᴜ`ɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音) of or with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱（的）; 音量逐渐减轻（的）: a diminuendo passage 渐弱的乐节. 

n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱./ˌdɪmɪˈnjuːʃn; <i>US</i> -ˈnuːʃn; ˌdɪmə`nuʃən/ n (a) [U] diminishing or being diminished; reduction 变小; 变少; 缩小; 减少; 缩减: the diminution of one's resources 资源的减少. (b) [C] amount of this; reduction 缩小量; 减少量: hoping for a small diminution in taxes 希望税捐略微减少./dɪˈmɪnjʊtɪv; də`mɪnjətɪv/ adj  1 unusually or remarkably small 小得出奇的; 特小的: her diminutive figure 她那小小的身材.  2 (grammar) (of a suffix) indicating smallness （指後缀）表示小的.

n word formed by the use of a suffix of this kind, eg eaglet (= a young eagle), kitchenette (= a small kitchen) 由这类後缀构成的词（如 eaglet 小鹰, kitchenette 小厨房）./ˈdɪmɪtɪ; `dɪmətɪ/ n [U] type of cotton cloth woven with raised strips or designs, used for bed covers, curtains, etc 凸纹棉布, 提花布（用作床罩、帷幕等）.adv in a dim manner 暗淡地; 模糊地; 朦胧地; 迟钝地: a dimly-lit room 灯光微弱的房间 * I can dimly (ie only just) remember my fourth birthday. 我隐约记得自己过四岁生日时的情景. * react rather dimly to a question 回答问题时相当迟钝./ˈdɪmə(r); `dɪmɚ/ n (also `dimmer switch) device with which one can vary the brightness of an electric light 调光器; 变光器.n [U]./ˈdɪmpl; `dɪmpl/ n (a) small natural hollow in the chin or cheek (either permanent, or which appears eg when a person smiles) （下巴或脸颊上自然的）小窝, 酒窝, 靥. (b) slight hollow on a surface (esp of glass or water) 浅凹（尤指玻璃表面的小坑或水面的波纹）.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form dimples （使某物）出现酒窝, 形成浅坑, 起波纹: Her cheeks dimpled as she smiled. 她一笑, 脸上露出了酒窝. * The surface of the water was dimpled by the breeze. 轻风拂动水面, 荡起了涟漪.abbr 缩写 = (of a scale of film speeds) German Industry Standard (German Deutsche Industrie-Norm) （指胶卷感光度）德国工业标准（源自德文Deutsche Industrie-Norm）. Cf 参看 ASA 2, ISO./dɪn; dɪn/ n [U, sing] continuing loud confused noise 持续的嘈杂声; 不停的喧闹: They made so much din that I couldn't hear you. 他们太吵了, 我听不见你说的话. * Don't make such a din! 别吵啦! * make/kick up a din 大闹一场.

v (-nn-)  1 (idm 习语) din in sb's ears sound or echo in one's ears 在耳中轰鸣; 在耳中回响; 聒耳: They drove away from the city centre, the roar of the traffic still dinning in their ears. 他们驶出了市中心, 但车来人往的喧嚣声仍在耳中回响.  2 (phr v) din sth into sb tell sb sth again and again in a forceful way 向某人再三强调某事; 就某事反覆叮嘱某人: I dinned it into him that he had to manage things differently. 我三番五次告诉他得改一改处理事情的方法了./daɪn; daɪn/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml 文) eat dinner 进餐; 用饭: We dined on smoked salmon. 我们晚餐吃的是熏鲑鱼.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) give a dinner for (sb) 设宴款待（某人）; 宴请（某人）; 请（某人）吃饭: We're dining the ambassador this week. 我们本星期宴请大使.  3 (idm 习语) wine and dine => wine v.  4 (phr v) dine out dine away from one's home (eg at a restaurant or in the home of friends) 在外吃饭, 出去吃（如在饭馆或朋友家）; 下馆子./ˈdaɪnə(r); `daɪnɚ/ n  1 person eating dinner 吃饭的人; 就餐者; 餐馆顾客.  2 dining-car on a train 餐车.  3 (US) small restaurant, usu beside a highway 小饭馆（通常位于公路边者）./daɪˈnet; daɪ`nɛt/ n (esp US) small room or part of a room, esp a kitchen, used for eating 小饭厅; 厨房或其他房间内辟作吃饭用的一部分地方./ˌdɪŋˈdɒŋ; `dɪŋˌdɑŋ/ n  1 sound of bells striking again and again 钟、铃声; 叮当声音.  2 (infml 口) heated argument 激烈的争论; 争吵: I had a bit of a ding-dong with him about his mistakes. 就他的错误我跟他吵了两句. * [attrib 作定语] a ,ding-dong `struggle, `battle, etc 激烈的斗争、战斗等.

adv with the sound of bells striking again and again （钟、铃）叮当作响地, 发出当当声地; 叮叮当当声地: a clock striking ding-dong 当当报时的钟./ˈdɪŋgɪ; `dɪŋˇɪ/ n (a) any of various types of small open boat 无篷小船; 小艇: a sailing dinghy 小帆船. (b) inflatable rubber boat (used esp for rescuing passengers from ships and aircraft) 充气式橡皮艇; 橡皮救生艇. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 yacht.adv. n [U]./ˈdɪŋgl; `dɪŋˇl/ n deep hollow in the landscape, usu with trees 深谷（通常有树木）./ˈdɪŋgəʊ; `dɪŋˇo/ n (pl ~es) wild Australian dog 澳洲野犬./ˈdɪndʒɪ; `dɪndʒɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) dirty-looking; not cheerful or bright; drab 肮脏的; 邋遢的; 无生气的; 无光泽的; 暗淡的; 昏黑的; 死气沉沉的: a dingy room in a cheap hotel 低级旅馆中又黑又脏的房间 * a dingy manufacturing town 污浊的工业小镇. => dine.n railway carriage in which meals are served 餐车.n room in which meals are eaten 饭厅; 餐室; 餐厅.n table used for eating on 餐桌; 饭桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi./ˈdɪŋkɪ; `dɪŋkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (a) (Brit) small and attractively neat 小巧的; 精致的: What a dinky little hat! 多漂亮的小帽子! * a dinky red car 精致的红色小汽车. (b) (US) small and insignificant 不起眼的; 无足轻重的./ˈdɪnə(r); `dɪnɚ/ n  1 [C, U] main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening 正餐（一日间的主餐, 中午或晚上吃均可）: It's time for dinner. 该吃饭了. * Have you had dinner yet? 你吃过饭了吗? * (US) Did you eat dinner yet? 你吃过饭了吗? * She didn't eat much dinner. 她这顿饭没吃多少. * I never eat a big dinner. 我向来饭量不大. * They're at (ie eating) dinner. 他们正在用餐. * four dinners at 10 per person 四客饭, 每客10英镑 * Shall we ask him to dinner? 我们请她吃饭好吗? =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [C] (a) (usu large) formal social gathering at which this meal is eaten （通常指大型的）宴会: A dinner was given for the ambassador. 宴请大使. (b) (also `dinner-party) private social gathering where this meal is eaten 宴会: give a dinner for friends 设宴招待朋友.  3 (idm 习语) a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The use of the terms lunch, dinner, supper and tea varies between social classes in Britain and to some extent between regions. 在英国, 因社会阶层不同, lunch、dinner、supper、tea这四个词的用法也不尽相同, 而且在一定程度上亦有地区性差别. If the midday meal is called lunch, the evening meal is dinner or supper. 若午餐称作lunch, 则晚餐即为dinner或supper. *In this case tea consists of a drink and cake or biscuits in the afternoon. 在这种情况下, tea则指下午的茶点, 包括饮料和糕点、饼乾之类. If the midday meal is called dinner then the evening meal is tea or supper. 若午餐称作dinner, 则晚餐即是tea或supper. *In this case supper may be a light snack before bedtime. 这时, supper可能指临睡前吃的夜宵. At school, children have school dinner/lunch at midday or they may take a packed/sandwich lunch with them. 在校学生中午吃的要么是school dinner/lunch（学校午餐）, 要么是自己带去的packed sandwich lunch（盒装[三明治]午餐）.set of plates, dishes, etc for dinner 成套餐具.=> dinner servicen (Brit) (US tuxedo) jacket, usu black, worn with a bow-tie and (usu) matching trousers at formal occasions in the evening （男用）晚礼服./ˈdaɪnəsɔː(r); `daɪnəˌsɔr/ n large extinct reptile 恐龙./dɪnt; dɪnt/ n  1 = dent.  2 (idm 习语) by dint of sth by means of sth 凭借某事物的力量; 通过某事物的作用: He succeeded by dint of hard work. 他通过辛勤努力获得成功./daɪˈɒsɪsn; daɪ`ɑsəsn/ adj of a diocese 主教管区的; 教区的./ˈdaɪəsɪs; `daɪəˌsəs/ n district for which a bishop is responsible 主教管区; （某主教的）教区./daɪˈɒksaɪd; daɪ`ɑksaɪd/ n [U] (chemistry 化) oxide formed by combining two atoms of oxygen and one atom of another element 二氧化物: carbon dioxide 二氧化碳.abbr 缩写 = Diploma./dɪp; dɪp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth); ~ sth (in) put or lower sth into a liquid 将某物放入或伸入液体中; 浸; 泡; 蘸: Dip your pen (into the ink). 将钢笔（在墨水中）蘸一蘸. * Dip your fingers in to see how hot the water is. 把手指伸进水里看有多热. * dip sheep, ie immerse them in a liquid that disinfects them or kills vermin 给羊洗药浴 * dip candles, ie make them by dipping a wick into melted fat 浸制蜡烛 * to dip a garment, ie put it in a liquid dye to change its colour 浸染衣服.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] go below a surface or level 下降到某一平面以下; 下跌到某一高度[水平]以下: The birds rose and dipped in flight. 鸟儿在飞行中时高时低. * The sun dipped (down) below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线下了.  3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go down and then up again （使某物）向下再向上; （使某物）下降後再上升: The branches dipped in the wind. 树枝在风中上下颤动着. * dip the headlights of a car, ie lower their beams (so as not to dazzle the driver of another car) 将汽车前灯的远光调为近光（改用低位光束, 以免使另一辆车上的驾驶者眼花） * Dip your head under the low arch. 在低矮的门拱下要低头.  4 [I, Ip] slope downward 向下倾斜: The land dips (down) gently to the south. 这块地微微向南倾.  5 (phr v) dip into sth (a) take money from (eg one's savings) 从（如自己的储蓄）中取出钱: dip into one's purse, ie spend money 掏腰包（花钱）. (b) make a brief study of (a book, an author, etc) 翻阅, 浏览（书、某作者的作品等）: I've only had time to dip into the report. 这份报告我只来得及浏览了一遍.

/dɪp; dɪp/ n  1 [C] act of dipping (dip1) 浸; 蘸.  2 [C] (infml 口) quick swim or bathe 为时不长的游泳或（在河海中）洗澡: have/take/go for a dip 去水里泡一泡.  3 [U] cleansing liquid for dipping sheep （给羊药浴用的）清洗液, 药浴液.  4 [U, C] any of several types of thick sauce into which biscuits or pieces of vegetable are dipped before being eaten （用来蘸着吃饼乾或小片蔬菜的）调味酱: cheese dip 奶酪酱.  5 [C] downward slope 斜坡: a dip in the road 路上的斜坡 * a dip among the hills 山中的斜坡./ˌdɪp ˈed; ˌdɪp `ɛd/ abbr 缩写 = Diploma in Education 教育学文凭: have/be a Dip Ed 持有[已获]教育学文凭 * Mary Hall BA Dip Ed 玛丽·霍尔, 文学士、教育学文凭持有者.n rod for dipping into a tank or some other container to measure the depth of the liquid in it (esp oil in the sump of an engine) 浸量尺; （尤指测量发动机润滑油的）量油尺. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.n (Brit) switch for dipping a motor vehicle's headlights 调节汽车前灯远近光的开关; 汽车大灯调光开关./dɪfˈθɪərɪə; dɪf`θɪrɪə/ n [U] serious contagious disease of the throat causing difficulty in breathing 白喉./ˈdɪfθɒŋ; <i>US</i> -θɔːŋ; `dɪfθɔŋ/ n union of two vowel sounds or vowel letters, eg the sounds / aI; aI/ in pipe / paIp; paIp/, the letters ou in doubt 二合元音, 复合元音, 双元音（如pipe / paIp; paIp/ 中的 / aI; aI/音）; 复合元音字母（如doubt中的ou）. Cf 参看 monophthong./dɪˈpləʊmə; dɪ`plomə/ n (abbr 缩写 Dip) certificate awarded for passing an examination, completing a course of study, etc 毕业证书; 毕业文凭: a diploma in architecture 建筑学文凭./dɪˈpləʊməsɪ; dɪ`ploməsɪ/ n [U]  1 management of relations between countries by each country's representatives abroad; skill in this 外交; 外交手段; 外交手腕; 外交术: International problems must be solved by diplomacy, not war. 国际问题应通过外交途径来解决, 不应诉诸战争.  2 art of or skill in dealing with people; tact 处理人际关系的方法、技巧; 交际手腕; 处世之道./ˈdɪpləmæt; `dɪpləˌmæt/ n  1 person in the diplomatic service, eg an ambassador 外交官（如大使）; 外交家.  2 person clever at dealing with people; tactful person 通权达变的人; 有交际手腕的人; 机智练达的人./ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk; ˌdɪplə`mætɪk/ adj  1 of diplomacy(1) 外交的: settle disputes by diplomatic means 通过外交手段解决纷争.  2 tactful; having or showing diplomacy(2) 圆通的; 灵活变通的; 有手腕的; 策略的: a diplomatic answer, move, etc 很策略的回答、一步等 * be diplomatic in dealing with people 与人打交道老练得体. any container for official letters, goods, etc sent to or from an embassy 外交邮袋; 外交信袋.all the ambassadors and embassy staff in a country 外交使节团.privilege granted to diplomatic staff working abroad, by which they may not be arrested, taxed, etc 外交豁免权; 外交特权.all the officials who conduct a country's diplomacy 外交部门./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./dɪˈpləʊmətɪst; dɪ`plomətɪst/ n (fml 文) = diplomat./ˈdɪpə(r); `dɪpɚ/ n  1 cup-shaped container with a long handle, for ladling out liquids 长柄杓.  2 type of diving bird 河乌（一种潜水鸟）. Cf 参看 plough 2./ˌdɪpsəˈmeɪnɪə; ˌdɪpsə`menɪə/ n [U] extreme dependence on alcoholic drink 嗜酒狂; 间发性酒狂./ˌdɪpsəˈmeɪnɪæk; ˌdɪpsə`menɪˌæk/ n, adj (person) suffering from dipsomania 间发性酒狂患者; 嗜酒狂的./ˈdɪptɪk; `dɪptɪk/ n painting or carving, esp on an altar, on two hinged panels that can be closed like a book 折合式双连画, 折合式双连雕刻品（尤指置于圣坛上者）./ˈdaɪə(r); daɪr/ adj  1 (fml 文) dreadful; terrible 可怕的; 极糟的: a dire situation, crisis, etc 可怕的处境、严重的危难 * The firm is in dire straits (ie in a very difficult situation) and may go bankrupt. 这商行已陷入岌岌可危的境地, 可能要破产了. * (joc 谑) The film we saw was absolutely dire! 我们看的那部电影差劲透了!  2 (infml 口) extreme 极端的: We're in dire need of your help. 我们太需要你的帮助了./dɪˈrekt, daɪ-; də`rɛkt, daɪ-/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (going) straight; not curved or crooked; not turned aside 直的; 笔直的; 径直的: follow a direct course, route, etc 沿笔直的航线、路线等行进 * a direct flight, ie without stopping or changing planes 直飞航班 * a direct train, ie that goes to a passenger's destination without stopping beforehand 直达列车 * a direct hit/shot, ie not turned aside by hitting sth else first 直接命中 * the direct rays of the sun, ie not reflected from or screened by sth 直射的阳光.  2 (a) with nothing or no one in between; immediate 直接的; 当中没有其他事物的; 不经其他人的; 亲自的; 最接近的: a direct result, link, connection 直接的结果、关系、联系 * I'm in direct contact with the hijackers. 我与　机者保持着直接的联系. (b) (of descent in a family) passing through sb's children, grandchildren, etc, rather than through his brothers, sisters, cousins, etc （指家族血统）直系的: She descends in a direct line from the country's first President. 她是这个国家的首任总统的直系後裔.  3 straightforward; frank 率直的; 坦率的; 坦白的; 直言的: a direct person, manner, answer 直性子的人、坦率的态度、直截了当的回答 * She has a direct way of speaking. 她说话直爽. * He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are. 他为人很直率, 所以总能知道他的真实想法.  4 [attrib 作定语] exact; complete 恰好的; 完全的: the direct opposite 截然相反的事物 * Your reply today is in direct contradiction to what you said last week. 你今天的答覆跟你上星期说的恰好相反. Cf 参看 indirect.

adv  1 without interrupting a journey; using a straight route 中途不停地; 径直地; 笔直地: The train goes there direct. 这趟列车直达那里.  2 with no one in between; personally 亲自地; 直接地: I prefer to deal with him direct. 还是我直接跟他打交道为好.

/dɪˈrekt, daɪ-; də`rɛkt, daɪ-/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to...) tell or show sb how to get somewhere 给某人指路: Can you direct me (to the station)? 你告诉我（到车站）怎么走好吗?  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) (fml 文) address (a letter, parcel, etc) 在（信件、包裹等）上写姓名地址: Shall I direct the letter to his business address or to his home address? 我该把这封信寄到他的办公地点还是寄到他家里呢? (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth to/at sb (fml 文) intend that a particular person or group should notice (what one says or does) 让某人或某类人注意（自己所说的话或所做的事）: Let me direct these remarks to the younger students. 这些话还是让我来对低年级的学生说罢. * advertising directed mainly at young consumers 主要针对年轻消费者的广告.  3 (a) [Tn] manage (sth/sb); control 管理（某事物[某人]）; 监督; 指导: She directed the planning of the festival. 她统管节日活动的筹划. * direct a group of workers 指挥一群工作人员. (b) [I, Tn] be in charge of (actors, a film, a play, etc) 担任导演; 指导（演员）的演出; 为（电影、戏剧等）作导演: I'd rather act than direct. 我愿意当演员, 不愿意当导演. * Who directed the play? 这出戏是谁导演的?  4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to/towards...; ~ sth at sth (fml 文) turn or aim sth in a particular direction 使某事物转向或对准某一方向: The guide directed our attention to the other picture. 讲解员要我们注意另一幅画. * We directed our steps towards home. 我们朝家走去. * direct a blow at sb's head 向某人的头部打去 * Our efforts should be directed towards greater efficiency. 我们应该努力提高效率.  5 [Tf, Dn.t] (fml 文) order; command 指示; 命令: The owners directed that the factory be closed. 厂主下令关厂. * The officer directed them to advance. 指挥官命令他们前进. =>Usage at order2 用法见order2.(computing 计) = random access (random).use of strikes, violence, etc instead of negotiation to achieve one's demands 直接行动（用罢工、暴力等方式而不经协商来达到目的）.(abbr 缩写 DC) electric current flowing in one direction 直流电. Cf 参看 alternating current (alternate2).order to a bank that allows sb else to withdraw agreed amounts of money from one's account on agreed dates, esp to pay bills 直接借记. Cf 参看 standing order (standing).(grammar) noun, noun phrase or noun clause which is directly affected by the action of a verb 直接宾语. Cf 参看 object1 5.(use of a) speaker's actual words 说话者的原话; 原话的直接引用; 直接引语.tax that one pays direct to the Government (eg income tax) rather than eg sales tax which is paid to the seller before being passed on 直接税./dɪˈrekʃn, daɪ-; də`rɛkʃən, daɪ-/ n  1 (a) [C] course taken by a moving person or thing; way that a person or thing looks or faces 方向: Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走, 哈里则朝另一个方向走. * The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. 飞机正在向北飞去. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. 路标指向西. * When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions. 警察一到, 人群就向四面八方散开了. (b) [C] (fig 比喻) way in which sb/sth develops or is developed 趋向; 趋势; 动向: new directions in current research 当前研究的新动向 * That is the present direction of government thinking. 这就是如今政府考虑问题的取向. * We're making changes in various directions, ie of various types. 我们正在多方面进行改革.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc 指南; 指示; 说明书; 用法说明; 操作说明: Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有装配模型的简要说明. * I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了详细说明, 好让他能找到那房子.  3 directions [pl] address on a letter, parcel, etc （信件、包裹等上的）姓名地址: The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人.  4 [U] management; supervision; guidance 管理; 监督; 指导; 指点: He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这件事. * She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划. * He feels the need for firm direction, ie wants sb to guide and advise him. 他感到需要有人好好地指点自己.n radio device that shows the direction from which radio signals are coming 无线电测向仪./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj of direction in space 方向的; 定向的: a directional aerial, ie one that transmits or receives radio signals in one direction only 定向天线./dɪˈrektɪv, daɪ-; də`rɛktɪv, daɪ-/ n official instruction 正式的指示; 官方的指示; 指令: a directive from headquarters calling for increased output 总部要求提高产量的指示./dɪˈrektlɪ, daɪ-; də`rɛktlɪ, daɪ-/ adv  1 in a direct line or manner; straight 径直地; 直接地; 坦率地; 直爽地: He looked directly at us. 他正视着我们. * directly in front of me 在我的正前方 * She's directly responsible to the Minister. 她直接受部长领导. * She speaks very directly to people. 她对人说话非常直率. * directly opposite 正好相反.  2 (a) at once; immediately 立即; 马上: Come in directly. 立刻进来吧. (b) in a short time 不久; 很快地: I'll be there directly. 我很快就到.

conj as soon as 一俟; 一...就...: I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了.[U] n./dɪˈrektə(r), daɪ-; də`rɛktɚ, daɪ-/ n  1 (a) person who manages, esp as a member of a board1(7), the affairs of a business company 主管; （尤指）董事. (b) person who is in charge of an institution, a college, etc （事业机构、学院等的）负责人; 署长; 厅长; 局长; 处长; 院长; 校长; 所长; 主任: the orchestra's musical director 乐团的音乐总监.  2 person in charge of a film, play, etc who supervises and instructs the actors, camera crew and other staff 导演. Cf  参看 producer 2.n main administrator of a large organization （大机构的）主要管理者; 总裁; 总监; 总干事./dɪˈrektərət, daɪ-; də`rɛktərɪt, daɪ-/ n  1 position or office of a director 主管（如董事、局长、主任等）职位或职务; 导演的职位或职务.  2 board of directors 董事会; 理事会.n (a) position of a director 主管（如董事、局长、主任等）职位; 导演的职位. (b) time during which a director holds his position 主管任期; 担任导演的期间./dɪˈrektərɪ, daɪ-; də`rɛktərɪ, daɪ-/ n (book with a) list of telephone subscribers, business firms, etc of an area, or members of a profession, etc, usu arranged alphabetically 电话簿; 商行名录; 人名地址录./dɜːdʒ; dɝdʒ/ n (a) song sung at a burial or for a dead person 挽歌. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) mournful song 忧伤的歌; 哀歌./ˈdɪrɪdʒəbl; `dɪrədʒəbl/ n old-fashioned air balloon 旧式充气飞艇./dɜːk; dɝk/ n (Scot 苏格兰) type of dagger 一种短剑./ˈdɜːndl; `dɝndl/ n dress with a full wide skirt and a close-fitting bodice 紧身连衣裙./dɜːt; dɝt/ n [U]  1 matter that is not clean (eg dust, soil, mud), esp when it is where it is not wanted (eg on the skin, on clothes, in buildings) 污垢; 灰尘; 尘垢; 脏土; 污泥: His clothes were covered with dirt. 他的衣服蒙上了灰尘. * How can I get the dirt off the walls? 我怎样才能把墙上的污垢去掉呢?  2 loose earth or soil 松土; 散土: a pile of dirt beside a newly-dug trench 在新挖的沟渠旁的一堆土.  3 (infml 口) obscene thought or talk 下流想法; 下流话: Be quiet! We don't want to hear that kind of dirt! 别说了! 我们不想听那种下流话!  4 (infml 口) excrement 排泄物; 粪便; 屎: a pile of dog dirt on the road 路上的一堆狗屎.  5 (infml 口) malicious gossip 恶意中伤的闲话: He likes to hear all the dirt about his colleagues. 他就爱听有关同事的流言蜚语.  6 (idm 习语) (as) cheap/common as `dirt (infml derog 口, 贬) vulgar; low-class 低贱的; 下贱的: Don't invite her! She's as common as dirt. 别请她来! 她是个贱货. dish the dirt => dish2.  fling/throw dirt at sb say slanderous things about sb 说某人坏话; 给某人脸上抹黑. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat.(infml 口) very cheap(ly) 非常便宜（的）.(US) farmer who does all his own work, without hired help 自耕农.(US) unpaved country road, made of earth or gravel that has been pressed down 泥路; 土路; 石子路.n track made of cinders, etc (eg for motor-cycle races) 用煤渣等铺的跑道（如用于摩托车比赛的）.adv./ˈdɜːtɪ; `dɝtɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) not clean; covered with dirt 肮脏的; 龌龊的; 污秽的; 有尘垢的: dirty hands, clothes, floors 脏的手、衣服、地板. (b) causing one to be dirty 将人弄脏的: a dirty job 肮脏的工作 * dirty work 脏活.  2 (of the weather) rough; stormy （指天气）恶劣的, 糟糕的; 风雨交加的: I'm glad I don't have to go out on such a dirty night. 我庆幸自己不必在天气这样恶劣的夜晚外出.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of colours) not bright or clear （指颜色）不鲜艳的, 暗淡的: a dirty brown sofa 暗褐色的沙发.  4 obscene 下流的; 黄色的: dirty book, joke, etc 下流的书、笑话等 * You've got a dirty mind, ie You have impure thoughts. 你满脑子下流事.  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) unfair; underhand 不公正的; 卑劣的; 不光明正大的; 阴险的: That's a dirty lie! 胡说八道! * You dirty rat! How could you do a thing like that? 你这个不要脸的东西, 这种事你都做得出? * That was a mean and dirty thing to do! 做出那种事真够卑鄙无耻的!  6 (idm 习语) a dirty old man (infml 口) older man who takes an unhealthy interest in sex, or in young girls as sexually attractive 老色鬼; 老淫棍. a dirty weekend (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) weekend spent intimately (and often illicitly) with a sexual partner 风流的周末（与性伴侣厮混）. (be) a dirty `word thing or idea that is disliked or not respected 不喜欢的或不正经的事物或想法: My children think that work is a dirty word! 我的孩子都觉得工作顶讨厌! (do sb's) `dirty work (do) the tasks that sb else does not like or cannot face （做）他人不想做或难以应付的工作: I had to tell them they'd lost their jobs: I always have to do the boss's dirty work (for him). 我得对他们说他们被开除了, 我总得替老板（出面）做这种倒霉事儿. do the dirty on sb cheat or betray sb 欺骗某人; 出卖某人; 耍弄某人; 对某人玩花招. give sb/get a dirty `look look at sb disapprovingly or in disgust 厌恶地看着某人[遭人白眼]. wash one's dirty linen in public => wash2.

adv  1 (infml 口) very 很; 非常: He was carrying a dirty great box. 他提着一只大得不得了的箱子.  2 (idm 习语) talk dirty => talk.

/ˈdɜːtɪ; `dɝtɪ/ v (pt, pp dirtied) [I, Tn] become or make (sth) dirty 变脏; 使（某物）变脏; 弄脏（某物）: White gloves dirty easily. 白手套很容易脏. * Don't dirty your new dress. 别把你的新衣服弄脏了.pref 前缀 (with adjs, advs, ns and vs 後与形容词、副词、名词、动词结合) negative, reverse or opposite of 表示否定、相反或相对: dishonest * disagreeably * disagreement * disengage. =>Usage at un- 用法见un./ˌdɪsəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌdɪsə`bɪlətɪ/ n  1 [U] state of being disabled; incapacity 无能力; 丧失能力; 伤残: Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷.  2 [C] thing that disables; lack of sth necessary 导致丧失能力的事物; 残疾; 缺乏必需的条件: She swims well despite her disabilities. 她虽然身有残疾, 却是个游泳好手. * Her lack of experience is a severe disability. 她缺乏经验, 这是个很不利的条件. * [attrib 作定语] a disability pension 伤残补助费; 伤残抚恤金./dɪsˈeɪbl; dɪs`ebl/ v [Tn] make (sb) unable to do sth, esp by making a limb or limbs useless 使（某人）丧失能力; 使（某人）残废（尤指肢体）: a soldier disabled by leg wounds 腿部受伤致残的士兵.adj unable to use a limb or limbs 丧失使用肢体能力的; 肢体有残疾的: a disabled child in a wheelchair 坐轮椅的残疾儿童. the disabled n [pl v] people who are disabled 残疾人; 伤残人: walking aids for the disabled 帮助残疾人行走的器具.n [U]./ˌdɪsəˈbjuːz; ˌdɪsə`bjuz/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth (fml 文) free sb of (false ideas) 去掉某人的（错误想法）; 纠正; 矫正: disabuse sb of mistaken notions, false assumptions, etc 使某人去掉错误的观点、错误的设想等./ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ; <i>US</i> -ˈvæn-; ˌdɪsəd`væntɪdʒ/ n  1 unfavourable condition; thing that tends to prevent sb succeeding, making progress, etc 不利条件; 阻碍成功、进步等的事物; 不便之处: The other candidate's main disadvantage is her age. 另一候选人的主要不利条件是她的年龄问题. * The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. 没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的.  2 (idm 习语) put sb/be at a disadvantage put sb/be in an unfavourable position 置某人于[处于]不利境地: His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不会说法语, 这使他很吃亏. to sb's disadvantage (fml 文) damaging sb or his reputation; causing some loss to sb 对某人不利; 有损声誉; 使某人吃亏: rumours to his disadvantage, eg that discredit him 对他不利的谣言（如有损其名誉者） * It would be to your disadvantage to invest in the project, ie You might lose money. 你在这项工程上投资, 可能要吃亏.adj socially or economically deprived 社会地位低下的; 卑贱的; 贫困的; 贫贱的: More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community. 国家需要向社区的贫困阶层提供更多救济. the disadvantaged n [pl v] people who are disadvantaged 社会底层的人: appeals on behalf of the disadvantaged 为社会底层的人所作的呼吁./ˌdɪsædvɑːnˈteɪdʒəs; <i>US</i> -væn-; dɪsˌædvæn`tedʒəs/ adj ~ (to sb) causing a disadvantage不利的; 引起不方便的: in a disadvantageous position 处于不利的境地. adv./ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd; ˌdɪsə`fɛktɪd/ adj discontented; disloyal 不满的; 不忠的: Disaffected members have left to form a new party. 那些不忠分子脱党另组了一个新党./ˌdɪsəˈfekʃn; ˌdɪsə`fɛkʃən/ n [U] discontent that often leads to disloyalty （常为导致不忠的）不满, 离心离德./ˌdɪsəˈfɒrɪst; <i>US</i> -ˈfɔːr-; ˌdɪsə`fɔrɪst/ v [Tn] = deforest./ˌdɪsəˈgriː; ˌdɪsə`ˇri/ v (pt, pp -reed)  1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb/sth) (about/on sth) have a different opinion (from sb); not agree 持（与某人）不同的观点; （与某人）有分歧; 不同意: Even friends sometimes disagree. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一. * disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定] * We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧. (b) ~ (with sth) not match; be different 不符; 不一致; 不同: The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan. 罗马的报道与米兰的不符. Cf 参看 agree.  2 (phr v) disagree with sb (of food, climate) have a bad effect on sb; cause sb to feel unwell （指食物、气候）对某人有不良影响, 有害于某人, 使某人不舒服: I feel sick: that fish disagreed with me. 我感到恶心, 那条鱼吃得我不舒服./ˌdɪsəˈgriːəbl; ˌdɪsə`ˇriəbl/ adj unpleasant令人不快的; 讨厌的; 不合意的; 别扭的: a disagreeable person, mood, experience 令人不愉快的人、情绪、经历. n [U]. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌdɪsəˈgriːmənt; ˌdɪsə`ˇrimənt/ n  1 [U] ~ (about/on sth) disagreeing; lack of agreement 分歧; 不一致; 意见不合: total disagreement on how to proceed 对于如何继续进行, 意见完全不同.  2 [C] instance of this; difference of opinion 分歧; 意见不合: disagreements between colleagues 同事间的意见分歧./ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ; ˌdɪsə`laᴜ/ v [Tn] refuse to accept (sth) as valid 不承认（某事物）有效; 不接受; 不准; 驳回: disallow a claim, goal 不接受要求、进球无效./ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r); ˌdɪsə`pɪr/ v  1 [I] (a) no longer be visible; vanish 消失; 失踪: The plane disappeared behind a cloud. 飞机飞入云中不见了. * The rash soon disappeared. 疹子很快就消了. (b) stop existing 不复存在: His anger soon disappeared. 他的怒气一会儿就消了. * The problem won't just disappear. 这问题不会就这样不了了之的. (c) be lost, esp without explanation 遗失（尤指无法解释的）: My passport has disappeared: it was in my pocket a moment ago. 我的护照丢了, 刚才还在口袋里呢. * (euph 婉) Things tend to disappear when he's around, ie He steals them. 只要有他在, 东西就爱丢.  2 (idm 习语) do a disappearing act disappear, esp when needed or being looked for 失去踪影（尤指被需要或寻找时）: It's typical of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done! 一有事情要做, 鲍勃就没人影儿了, 他就是这样!/-ˈpɪərəns; -`pɪrəns/ n (a) [U] act or fact of disappearing 消失; 失踪; 丢失: At first nobody noticed the child's disappearance. 起初谁都没有注意到小孩不见了. (b) [C] instance of sb disappearing, eg because he has been murdered or kidnapped 失踪（如被谋杀或绑架）; 失踪案: Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. 大多数的失踪案都是恐怖分子造成的./ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt; ˌdɪsə`pɔɪnt/ v [Tn]  1 fail to be or do sth as good, interesting etc as was hoped for or desired or expected by (sb) 使（某人）失望: The tenor disappointed us by singing flat. 那位男高音歌手调门儿唱得很低, 十分扫兴. * I can't disappoint my public by retiring. 我可不能退休, 否则大家会失望的. * Don't disappoint me by being late again. 别再迟到了, 不要叫我失望. * I've often been disappointed in love, ie not been loved in return by sb I have loved. 我经常情场失意.  2 prevent (hope, plan, etc) from becoming reality 使（希望、计划等）不能实现: disappoint sb's expectations, sb's calculations, etc 使某人的希望破灭、使某人的如意算盘落空. adj ~ (about/at sth); ~ (in/with sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) sad or dissatisfied because sb has failed, some desired event has not happened, etc 失望的; 失意的; 受挫的: be disappointed about/at sb's failure 对某人的失败感到失望 * I was disappointed with his performance. 他的表现令我失望. * I'm disappointed in you: I expected you to win. 你让我失望了, 我本来指望你能赢的. * He was disappointed to hear they were not coming. 他听说他们不来了, 感到很扫兴. * I was disappointed not to be chosen. 我没被挑中, 感到很沮丧. adv.adj causing sb to be disappointed 令人失望的; 扫兴的: a disappointing novel 令人失望的小说 * The weather this summer has been disappointing. 今年夏天的天气一直使人不痛快. disappointingly adv: Disappointingly, he had nothing new to show us. 他没什么新鲜东西给我们看, 使人感到失望./ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt; ˌdɪsə`pɔɪntmənt/ n  1 [U] being disappointed 失望; 沮丧: To our great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic. 使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了.  2 [C] ~ (to sb) person or thing that disappoints 令人失望的人或事物: Not getting the job was a terrible disappointment. 得不到那份工作, 叫人失望极了. * His children are a disappointment to him. 他的孩子让他感到失望./ˌdɪsˌæprəˈbeɪʃn; ˌdɪsæprə`beʃən/ n (fml 文) [U] disapproval 反对; 非难; 不准./-ˈpruːvl; -`pruvl/ n [U] not approving (of sb/sth) 不赞同; 反对: her disapproval of my methods 她对我所用的方式的反对 * He shook his head in disapproval, ie to show that he disapproved. 他摇了摇头表示反对./ˌdɪsəˈpruːv; ˌdɪsə`pruv/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) consider (sb/sth) to be bad, immoral, foolish, etc 认为（某人[某事物]）不好、不道德、不明智等; 不赞成; 反对: She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove (of her intentions). 她想当演员, 但她父母不赞成（她的想法）. adj showing disapproval 表示反对的: a disapproving look, frown, etc 不以为然的样子、皱起眉头表示不赞成. disapprovingly adv: When I suggested a drink, she coughed disapprovingly. 我提议喝一杯时, 她咳了一下表示反对./dɪsˈɑːm; dɪs`ɑrm/ v  1 [Tn] take weapons away from (sb) 缴（某人）的械; 解除（某人）的武装: Five hundred rebels were captured and disarmed. 五百名造反者被俘获并缴了械.  2 [I] (of nations) reduce the size of or abolish one's armed forces; give up one's weapons （指国家）裁减军备, 裁军, 解除武装: The superpowers are unlikely to disarm completely. 超级大国不太可能彻底裁军.  3 [Tn] make (sb) less suspicious, angry, hostile, etc 消除（某人）的疑虑、怒气、敌意等: By frankly admitting he wasn't a brilliant player, he disarmed us all. 他坦率地承认自己并非高手, 让我们都放下心来. * I felt angry, but her smile disarmed me. 我动气了, 但她一笑, 又将我的气儿给消了./dɪsˈɑːməmənt; dɪs`ɑrməmənt/ n [U] disarming or being disarmed (disarm 2) 解除武装; 裁军: nuclear disarmament, ie giving up nuclear weapons 核武器的裁减 * [attrib 作定语] a disarmament conference 裁军会议.adj that disarms (disarm 3) 消解他人的疑虑、怒气、敌意等的: her disarming smile, frankness, charm, etc 她那能化敌为友的微笑、坦率、魅力等. adv: disarmingly frank, honest, etc  ..../ˌdɪsəˈreɪndʒ; ˌdɪsə`rendʒ/ v [Tn] (fml 文) (a) make (sth) disorderly or untidy 使（某物）不整齐; 弄乱（某物）: disarrange sb's papers, hair 弄乱某人的文件、头发. (b) upset (sth); disturb 打乱（某事）; 扰乱: Her sudden departure has disarranged my plans. 她突然离去, 打乱了我的计划. n [U]./ˌdɪsəˈreɪ; ˌdɪsə`re/ n [U] state in which people or things are no longer properly organized 混乱; 紊乱: The troops fled in disarray. 部队仓皇逃散. * Changing offices has left my papers in complete disarray. 办公室搬迁, 使我的文件全部乱了套了.= dissociate./dɪˈzɑːstə(r); <i>US</i> -zˈæs-; dɪz`æstɚ/ n  1 [C] (a) event that causes great harm or damage, eg a fire, a serious defeat, the loss of a large sum of money 灾难; 灾祸; 灾害: Thousands died in the disaster. 数千人死于这场灾祸. * Losing your job needn't be such a disaster. 你不必把丢了工作看成是大难临头. * a natural disaster, ie an accident, such as an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings 自然灾害. (b) (infml 口) person or thing that is a complete failure 彻底失败的人或事物: As a teacher, he's a disaster. 他是个很糟糕的教师. * The play's first night was a disaster. 这出戏头一晚就演砸了.  2 [U] failure 失败: His career is a story of utter disaster. 他在事业上一事无成.area affected by a disaster, eg an earthquake, floods, etc 灾区: declare a place a disaster area 宣布某地为灾区./dɪˈzɑːstrəs; <i>US</i> -zˈæs-; dɪz`æstrəs/ adj being or causing a disaster 灾难性的; 造成灾害的; 失败的: disastrous floods 灾难性的洪水 * a defeat that was disastrous to the country 给国家带来灾难的一场败仗 * Buying this house was a disastrous step: it's going to have a main road built behind it. 买下这所房子是一大失策, 因为房後就要建一条公路了. adv./ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ; ˌdɪsə`vaᴜ/ v [Tn] (fml 文) say one does not know of, is not responsible for, or does not approve of (sth) 否认, 不承认, 不赞成（某事）: She disavows any part (ie says she was not involved) in the plot. 她否认参与了这一密谋. /-ˈvaʊəl;-`vaᴜəl/ n [C, U]./dɪsˈbænd; dɪs`bænd/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) stop operating as an organization; break up （使组织、机构等）解散, 散伙, 解体: The regiment disbanded when the war was over. 战争结束後, 这个团就解散了. * disband a club, society, etc 解散俱乐部、社团等. n [U]./ˌdɪsbɪˈliːf; ˌdɪsbə`lif/ n [U] lack of belief; failure to believe 不相信; 怀疑: He listened in disbelief to this extraordinary story. 他满腹疑惑地听着这个离奇的故事. Cf 参看 unbelief./ˌdɪsbɪˈliːv; ˌdɪsbə`liv/ v  1 [Tn] refuse to believe (sb/sth) 不相信（某人[某事物]）: I disbelieve every word you say. 你说的我一句都不信. * You have no reason to disbelieve their account of what happened. 你不应该不信他们对事情经过的叙述.  2 [Ipr] ~ in sb/sth not accept the existence of (sth) 不相信（某事物）的存在: disbelieve in ghosts 不相信有鬼./dɪsˈbɜːs; dɪs`bɝs/ v [Tn] (fml 文) pay out (money) 支付（钱）: funds disbursed for travelling expenses 用于支付旅行费用的款子.n (fml 文) (a) [U] paying out money 支付; 支出. (b) [C] sum of money paid out 付出款; 支出额./dɪsk; dɪsk/ n  1 flat thin round plate, eg a coin 扁平的圆盘状物（如硬币）  2 small flat object of any shape 小的扁平物体: He wears an identity disc round his neck. 他脖子上挂着身分牌儿.  3 round surface that appears to be flat 似扁平的圆面: the moon's disc 月轮.  4 = record1 3: recordings on disc and cassette 唱片和盒式磁带上的录音.  5 (anatomy 解) layer of cartilage between the bones of the spine 椎骨间的软骨层; 椎间盘: a slipped disc, ie one that is slightly dislocated 突出的椎间盘（即轻微错位）.brake which consists of a flat plate pressed against a rotating plate at the centre of a (car) wheel 盘式制动器. Cf 参看 drum brake (drum1).harrow with discs instead of teeth 圆盘耙（与钉耙相对）.(abbr 缩写 DJ) person who plays and comments on recorded popular music, esp on radio or TV 流行音乐节目主持人（尤指在广播或电视上）./dɪˈskɑːd; dɪs`kɑrd/ v [Tn] (a) throw (sth) out or away 扔掉, 丢弃（某物）: old, discarded clothes 扔掉的旧衣服. (b) stop using, wearing, etc (sth that is no longer useful) 不再使用, 不再穿戴（已没用的物品）: discard one's winter clothes in spring 春天里换下冬装 * (fig 比喻) discard outdated beliefs 抛弃过时的信仰. (c) give up (unwanted playing-cards) 打出（无用的牌）; 出（牌）: She discarded a four, and picked up a king. 她打出一张四点的牌, 抓起一张K.

/ˈdɪskɑːd; `dɪskɑrd/ n card or cards discarded in a card-game; discarded thing （在牌戏中）打出的牌; 废弃的东西./dɪˈsɜːn; dɪ`sɝn/ v [Tn] see (sth) clearly (with the senses or the mind), esp with an effort 看出, 识别, 辨认（某事物）（尤指需费力）: In the gloom I could only just discern the outline of a building. 在黑暗中我只能依稀分辨出一座建筑物的轮廓来. * One can faintly discern the flavour of lemon. 可以隐约觉得有一点柠檬味. * discern sb's true intentions 弄清某人的真实意图.adj that can just be discerned 依稀可辨的.adj (approv 褒) showing careful judgement 识别力强的; 有洞察力的: She is a very discerning art critic. 她是位眼光敏锐的艺术评论家.n [U] ability to judge well; insight 识别能力; 洞察力./dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ; dɪs`tʃɑrdʒ/ v  1 [Tn] unload (a ship); unload (cargo) from a ship 从（船）上卸货; 将（货物）从船上卸下; 卸船.  2 [I, Tn] give or send out (liquid, gas, electric current, etc) 放出（液体、气体、电流等）; 排放: The Nile discharges (ie flows) into the Mediterranean. 尼罗河流入地中海. * The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. 下水管道将污物排入大海. * Lightning is caused by clouds discharging electricity. 闪电是由云层放电产生的. * The wound is discharging (pus). 伤口正在流脓.  3 [Tn] (a) fire (a gun etc) 开（枪炮等）: The rifle was discharged accidently. 步枪走火了. (b) launch (eg a flying weapon) 射出（如飞行武器）: arrows discharged at the enemy 射向敌人的箭.  4 [Tn] give official permission for (sb) to leave, eg after he has carried out a duty 准许（某人）离开; 放行; 遣散; 释放: discharge a soldier, patient, etc 批准士兵退伍、准许病人出院 * The accused man was found not guilty and discharged. 被告男子被判无罪而获释. * The members of the jury were discharged. 陪审员都解散了. * a discharged bankrupt, ie sb who has been bankrupt, has done what the court requires, and has no further obligation to the court 解除债务的破产者（已执行法庭规定而无其他义务的破产者）.  5 [Tn] (fml 文) (a) pay (a debt) 清偿（债务）. (b) perform (a duty) 执行（任务）; 尽（职）: She undertook to discharge all the responsibilities of a Minister. 她承担了做部长的所有责任.

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ; `dɪstʃɑrdʒ/ n  1 [U] discharging or being discharged 卸货; 排放; 开火; 发射; 准许离开; 获准离开; 偿还; 行使: the discharge of cargo 卸货 * the discharge of water from the reservoir 水库的放水 * the accidental discharge of a rifle 步枪的走火 * After his discharge from the army, he went to Canada. 他退役後到加拿大去了. * money accepted in full discharge of a debt 所收到的全部债款 * the conscientious discharge of one's duties 尽忠职守.  2 [U, C] that which is discharged (discharge1 2) 排放出的物体: The wound hasn't healed  there's still some/a discharge, ie it is still producing pus. 伤口没好, 还有些分泌物./dɪˈsaɪpl; dɪ`saɪpl/ n follower of a religious, political, artistic, etc leader or teacher （宗教、政治、艺术等领袖人物或导师的）追随者, 门徒, 信徒./ˌdɪsəplɪˈneərɪən; ˌdɪsəplɪn`ɛrɪən/ n person who believes in strict discipline 严格执行纪律者; 严守纪律者: a good/strict/poor disciplinarian 能[严格/不能]执行纪律者 * He's no disciplinarian, ie He does not or cannot maintain discipline. 他不能维持纪律./ˈdɪsɪplɪnərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; `dɪsəplɪnˌɛrɪ/ adj concerning discipline 有关训练的; 有关纪律的; 有关惩处的; 有关学科的: disciplinary measures, problems, etc 纪律上的措施、问题等 * a disciplinary hearing, eg of a soldier accused of an offence 惩戒审讯（如审问违纪士兵者）./ˈdɪsɪplɪn; `dɪsəplɪn/ n  1 (a) [U] training, esp of the mind and character, aimed at producing self-control, obedience, etc 训练, 锻练, 磨练（尤指在智力和品德方面）: school discipline 学校的训练 * Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits. 新兵受到严格的训练. * monastic discipline 僧侣的修行. (b) [U] result of such training; ordered behaviour, eg of schoolchildren, soldiers 纪律; 风纪: The soldiers showed perfect discipline under fire. 士兵在枪林弹雨中严守军纪. * The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. 孩子们在学校里很快活, 但很散漫.  2 [C] (a) method by which training may be given 训练方式: Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. 要学会身心松弛, 瑜珈功是一种有效的锻炼方法. (b) set rules for conduct 行为准则.  3 [U] punishment 处罚; 处分: the teacher's cruel discipline 该教师施予的残酷处罚.  4 [C] branch of knowledge; subject of instruction 学科; 教学科目: scientific disciplines 科学科目.

/ˈdɪsɪplɪn; `dɪsəˌplɪn/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.t] train (sb/sth) to be obedient, self-controlled, skilful, etc 训练, 训导, 管教（某人[某物]）: a well/badly disciplined orchestra, football team, etc 训练有素的[缺乏训练的]管弦乐队、足球队等 * Parents have to discipline their children. 做父母的须管教子女. * You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time. 你必须严格要求自己按时完成任务.  2 [Tn] punish (sb) 处罚, 处分（某人）: The teacher disciplined the class by giving them extra homework. 那教师布置额外的家庭作业来处罚学生./dɪsˈkleim; dɪs`klem/ v [Tn, Tg] say that one does not have (sth); renounce 声称没有（某事物）; 否认; 放弃: The gang disclaimed all responsibility for the explosion, ie said they did not cause it. 这个匪帮声称与这次爆炸事件毫无关系. * She disclaimed ownership of the vehicle. 她放弃了这辆车的所有权.n statement that disclaims 否认某事物的声明; 放弃某事物的声明: to issue/send a disclaimer 发表声明加以否认./dɪsˈkləʊz; dɪs`kloz/ v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) allow sth to be seen 使某物显露: He opened the box, disclosing the contents (to the audience). 他打开盒子, 露出里面的东西（给观众看）. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~sth (to sb) make sth known 公开某事; 透露某事: refuse to disclose one's name and address 拒绝透露自己的姓名地址 * The Government disclosed that another diplomat has been arrested for spying. 政府透露, 又有一名外交官因间谍罪被捕. * She wouldn't disclose her friend's whereabouts to the police. 她不愿把她朋友的下落告诉警方./dɪsˈkləʊʒə(r); dɪs`kloʒɚ/ n (a) [U] making sth known 公开; 透露: the magazine's disclosure of defence secrets 该杂志对防务内幕的透露. (b) [C] thing, esp a secret, that is made known 被公开的事情; （尤指）被透露的秘闻: startling disclosures of police brutality 揭发警察暴行的惊人消息./ˈdɪskəʊ; `dɪsko/ n (pl ~s) (also discotheque / 5dIskEtek; `dIskE9tZk1 club, party, etc, usu with flashing lights, where people dance to recorded pop music 迪斯科舞厅; 迪斯科舞会: Is there a good disco round here? 附近有像样的迪斯科舞厅吗?  2 equipment that produces the sound and lighting effects of a disco （迪斯科舞厅的）音响及灯光效果设备: We're hiring a disco for the party. 我们为这次聚会租用一套迪斯科舞厅用的设备.modern popular dancing with no fixed steps, with or without a partner 迪斯科舞.type of music played in discos 迪斯科音乐./ˌdɪskʌləˈreɪʃn; ˌdɪskʌlə`reʃən/ n (a) [U] process of discolouring 变色; 退色: some discoloration of the paintwork 漆皮儿的少许退色. (b) [C] discoloured spot; stain 变色点; 退色点; 污点./dɪsˈkʌlə(r); dɪs`kʌlɚ/ v  1 [Tn] change or spoil the colour of (sth) 使（某物）变色; 使（某物）退色: Smoking discolours the teeth. 吸烟会使牙齿变色.  2 [I] (of colour) change or be spoilt （指颜色）变化, 变色, 退色./dɪsˈkʌmfɪt; dɪs`kʌmfɪt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) confuse or embarrass (sb) 使（某人）困惑、尴尬或狼狈: be discomfited by rude questions 因他人提出的问题粗鄙而感到尴尬. /dɪsˈkʌmfɪtʃə(r); dɪs`kʌmfɪtʃɚ/ n [U]: a look, air, expression, etc of discomfiture 狼狈的神色、样子、表情等./dɪsˈkʌmfət; dɪs`kʌmfɚt/ n  1 (a) [U] lack of comfort; slight pain 不舒服; 不适; 轻微的病痛: He still suffers considerable discomfort from his injury. 他因那次受伤至今仍颇感不适. (b) [C] thing that causes this 使人不舒服或不适的事情: the discomforts of travel 旅行的诸多不便.  2 [U] mental unease; embarrassment 不安; 不痛快./ˌdɪskəˈməʊd; ˌdɪskə`mod/ v [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sb) inconvenience 使（某人）不便; 给（某人）添麻烦; 打搅（某人）./ˌdɪskəmˈpəʊz; ˌdɪskəm`poz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sb) feel uneasy or uncomfortable 使（某人）感到不安或不舒服. /ˌdɪskəm-ˈpəʊʒə(r); ˌdɪskəm`poʒɚ/ n [U]./ˌdɪskənˈsɜːt; ˌdɪskən`sɝt/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause (sb) to feel confused, upset or embarrassed 使（某人）感到困惑、不安或尴尬: He was disconcerted to find the other guests formally dressed. 他看到其他客人都穿得正正经经的, 觉得很尴尬. adj: a disconcerted look, glance, tone of voice, etc 不安的神情、一瞥、语调等. disconcerting adj: a disconcerting reply, stare, silence, manner, etc 令人难堪的回答、注视、沉默、举止等. adv./ˌdɪskəˈnekt; ˌdɪskə`nɛkt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) detach sth (from sth); undo a connection 使某物（与某物）分离; 割断, 切断（联系）; 使不连接: If you don't pay your bills they'll disconnect your electricity/gas. 若不付费用, 就要停止供应电力[煤气]. * disconnect a TV (from the power supply), ie unplug it 切断电视机的电源 * Operator, I/we have been disconnected, ie I have lost contact with the person I was telephoning. 话务员, 我[我们]的线断了（我跟对方的通话中断了）.adj (of speech or writing) lacking in order; incoherent （指言语或文字）无条理的, 不连贯的: the disconnected ramblings of an old man 老人东拉西扯的唠叨. adv.n [U]./dɪsˈkɒnsələt; dɪs`kɑnslɪt/ adj unhappy, esp at the loss of sb/sth; refusing to be comforted 不快乐的, 忧郁的（尤指因失去某人[某事物]）; 拒绝接受安慰的: The death of her father left Mary disconsolate. 玛丽因父亲去世而伤心难过. adv./ˌdɪskənˈtent; ˌdɪskən`tɛnt/ (also discontentment / 9dIskEn5tentmEnt; 9dIskEn`tZntmEnt/) n [U] ~ (with sth) lack of satisfaction 不满; 不满足; 不满意: The strikes were a sign of discontent (with poor pay). 那些罢工事件是（对低薪）不满的一种表示.adj dissatisifed 不满的; 不满足的; 不满意的: discontented with one's job 对自己的职业不满意. adv./ˌdɪskəntɪnjʊˈeɪʃn; ˌdɪskənˌtɪnjᴜ`eʃən/ (also discontinuance / 9dIskEn5tInjUEns; 9dIskEn`tInjJEns/) n [U] ending the availability, production, etc of sth 终止某事物的供应、生产等: the discontinuation of our loss-making products 我们的亏本产品的停产./ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuː; ˌdɪskən`tɪnjᴜ/ v [I, Tn, Tg] (cause sth to) come to an end; stop (doing sth) 终止, 中断（某事）; 中止（进行某事）: I'll have to discontinue these weekly visits. 我每周一次的访问得停止了. * The local rail service (was) discontinued in 1958. 当地的铁路运输在1958年中断了./ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjʊəs; ˌdɪskən`tɪnjᴜəs/ adj not continuous; intermittent. adv./ˈdɪskɔːd; `dɪskɔrd/ n (fml 文)  1 (a) [U] disagreement; quarrelling 不和; 纷争: A note of discord crept into their relationship. 他们的关系出现了裂痕. (b) [C] instance of this 不和; 争吵.  2 (music 音) (a) [U] lack of harmony between notes sounded together 不谐和. (b) [C] instance of this; unpleasant sound 不谐和的音调; 刺耳的音调. Cf 参看 concord.  3 (idm 习语)an/the apple of discord => apple./dɪˈskɔːdəns; dɪs`kɔrdns/ n [U]./dɪˈskɔːdənt; dɪs`kɔrdnt/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not in agreement; conflicting 不一致的; 相互冲突的: discordant views, interests, etc 不一致的观点、利益等.  2 (of sounds) harsh （指声音）刺耳的. adv.= disco./ˈdɪskaʊnt; `dɪskaᴜnt/ n [U, C]  1 amount of money taken off the cost of sth 从某物的价格中扣去的数目; 折扣: We give (a) 10% discount for cash, ie for immediate payment. 现金付款, 我们予以九折优待.  2 (commerce 商) amount deducted for paying a bill of exchange 折息贴现. Cf 参看 rebate.  3 (idm 习语) at a discount (a) at a reduced price 打折扣; 减价. (b) (fig 比喻) not highly valued; unfashionable 不受重视的; 不时兴的: Concern for others seems to be at (something of) a discount today. 如今好像不兴关心别人了.

/dɪsˈkaʊnt; <i>US</i> ˈdɪskaʊnt; `dɪskaᴜnt/ v [Tn]  1 regard (sth) as unimportant or untrue; ignore (sb/sth) 不重视, 不相信, 不理会（某人[某事物]）: You can discount what Jack said: he's a dreadful liar. 杰克说的话你不必当真, 他可是个说谎大王.  2 (commerce 商) buy or sell (a bill of exchange) for less than it will be worth when due 将（票据）贴现.1 (Brit commerce 商) establishment which deals in discounts (discount1 2) 贴现公司; 贴现银行.  2 (US) = discount shop.shop which regularly sells goods at less than the usual price 廉价商店./dɪsˈkaʊntɪnəns; dɪs`kaᴜntənəns/ v [Tn] (fml 文) disapprove of (sb); discourage 不赞成（某人）的言行; 不支持./dɪˈskʌrɪdʒ; dɪs`kɝɪdʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth 使某人丧失（做某事的）信心; 使某人泄气: Don't discourage her; she's doing her best. 别泄她的气, 她正尽力做呢.  2 (a) [Tn] try to stop (sth) 设法阻止（某事物）: Parents should discourage smoking. 做父母的应该设法阻止子女吸烟. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb from doing sth persuade sb not to do sth 劝某人不要做某事: Parents should discourage their children from smoking. 做父母的应该劝子女不要吸烟.adj.n (a) [U] action of discouraging; state of feeling discouraged 劝阻; 泄气. (b) [C] thing that discourages 使人泄气的事物; 挫折: Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up. 她尽管遇到许多挫折, 却仍然不气馁.adj: a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答. adv./ˈdɪskɔːs; `dɪskɔrs/ n  1 [C] (fml 文) lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文; 演讲.  2 [U] (linguistics 语言) continuous piece of spoken or written language （口头或书面的连贯的）语段, 话语: analyse the structure of discourse 分析语段结构 * [attrib 作定语] discourse analysis 话语分析.

/dɪˈskɔːs; dɪ`skɔrs/ v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) talk, preach or lecture about sth (usu at length) （通常长篇大论地）论说、宣扬或讲授某事物: The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects. 演讲者头头是道地论述了一系列问题./dɪsˈkɜːtɪəs; dɪs`kɝtɪəs/ adj (fml 文) bad-mannered; impolite 不讲礼貌的; 无礼的; 粗鲁的: It was discourteous of you to arrive late. 你迟到了, 真没礼貌.adv./dɪsˈkɜːtəsɪ; dɪs`kɝtəsɪ/ n [U, C] (fml 文) impoliteness; rude act or comment 无礼; 失礼; 失礼的举动; 粗鲁的评论: I must apologize for my discourtesy in arriving late. 我要为迟到失礼而道歉./dɪsˈkʌvə(r); dɪ`skʌvɚ/ v  1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] find or learn about (a place, fact, etc for the first time) 发现（某地、某事等）: Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲. * I've discovered a super restaurant near here! 我在附近找到一家一流的餐馆! * I never discovered how to start the engine. 我怎么也学不会发动 引擎. Cf 参看 invent1.  2 [Tn, Tng] find (sb/sth) unexpectedly （出乎意料地）发现、碰见或撞见（某人[某事物]）: I discovered him kissing my wife. 我撞见他在吻我的妻子.  3 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt esp passive 尤用于被动语态] come to know or realize (sth) 了解到, 认识到, 发觉（某事物）: Did you ever discover who did it? 你到底发现是谁干的了吗? * We discovered that our luggage had been stolen. 我们发觉行李被偷了. * He was later discovered to have been a spy. 後来发现他原来是间谍. n./dɪˈskʌvərɪ; dɪ`skʌvərɪ/ n  1 (a) [U] discovering or being discovered 发现; 发觉: a voyage of discovery 探索未知世界的航行 * the discovery of Australia 澳洲的发现 * the discovery by Franklin that lightning is electricity 富兰克林对闪电即是电这一发现. (b) [C] act of discovering 发现; 发觉: Scientists have made many important discoveries. 科学家作出了许多重大发现. * He buried the treasure to prevent its discovery. 他将财宝埋了起来以免被人发现.  2 [C] thing discovered 被发现的事物: Like many discoveries, atomic power can be used for good or evil. 正如人类发现的许多事物一样, 原子能既可用来为善, 也可用以作恶./dɪsˈkredɪt; dɪs`krɛdɪt/ v [Tn]  1 damage the good reputation of (sb/sth) 损害, 破坏, 败坏（某人[某事物]）的名声: The Government was discredited by the scandal. 政府因这桩丑闻而名声败坏.  2 cause (sb/sth) to be disbelieved 使（某人[某事物]）不可信, 受怀疑: His theories were discredited by scientists. 他的理论科学家很怀疑.  3 refuse to believe (sb/sth) 不相信（某人[某事物]）: There is no reason to discredit what she says. 没理由不信她说的话.

/dɪsˈkredɪt; dɪs`krɛdɪt/ n  1 [U] loss of reputation or respect; dishonour 名誉的丧失; 名声的败坏; 丢脸: Violent fans bring discredit on their teams. 粗野的球迷给他们的球队丢脸. * The police, to their discredit, arrived too late. 警察来得太晚了, 真丢人.  2 [sing] ~ to sb/sth person or thing that causes loss of respect to sb/sth 败坏名声的原因、人或事: He is a discredit to his family. 他是他们家的耻辱.  3 [U] disbelief; doubt 不信; 怀疑: The findings of the report threw discredit on the protesters' claims. 报告中展示的调查结果使抗议者的要求遭到了怀疑./-əbl; -əbl/ adj causing a loss of reputation; dishonourable 败坏名声的; 不名誉的; 丢脸的: discreditable conduct, methods, tactics, etc 不名誉的行为、方法、伎俩等. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./dɪˈskriːt; dɪ`skrit/ adj careful or showing good judgement in what one says or does; not too obvious 言谈举止谨慎的; 言行审慎的; 不显眼的: We must be extremely discreet; my husband suspects something. 我们必须极为小心才是, 我丈夫已起疑了. * I should make a few discreet enquires about the firm before you sign anything. 我应该先审慎打探一下这家公司的底细, 然後您再签字. * (fig 比喻) a discreet perfume, ie one that is not too obvious 香气清淡的香水. adv./dɪˈskrepənsɪ; dɪ`skrɛpənsɪ/ n ~ (between A and B) [C, U] difference; failure to agree 差异; 不符; 不一致: There is (a) considerable discrepancy/There were many discrepancies between the two versions of the affair. 这件事的两种说法有很大出入. adj./dɪˈskriːt; dɪ`skrit/ adj separate; distinct 分离的; 截然分开的: discrete particles 独立的粒子 * a series of discrete events 一系列互不相关的事件. adv. n [U]./dɪˈskreʃn; dɪ`skrɛʃən/ n [U]  1 quality of being discreet; good judgement 谨慎; 慎重; 审慎; 明智: to act with discretion 谨慎行事 * This is a secret, but I know I can count on your discretion, ie be sure you won't tell anyone. 这可是个秘密, 不过我知道你嘴稳（肯定不会告诉别人）.  2 freedom to decide for oneself what should be done 自行决断的自由: Don't keep asking me what to do; use your own discretion. 不要老是问我该做什么事, 你自行决定吧.  3 (idm 习语) the age/years of di`scretion maturity; age when one is considered able to judge and decide for oneself 成年; 解事年龄; 责任年龄. at sb's discretion on the basis of sb's judgement 依据某人的见解: A supplementary grant may be awarded at the discretion of the committee. 委员会可能酌情追加一笔补助金. discretion is the ,better part of `valour (saying usu joc 谚, 通常作戏谑语) there is no point in taking unnecessary risks 不知进退非真勇（不必作无谓的冒险）./dɪˈskreʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> dɪˈskreʃənerɪ; dɪ`skrɛʃənˌɛrɪ/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] used, adopted, etc when considered necessary 根据需要而使用的、采取的等; 便宜施行的: discretionary powers, measures, etc 可便宜施行的权力、机动措施. * discretionary payments to old people 酌情发放给老年人的补助金./dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt; dɪ`skrɪməˌnet/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between A and B); ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things) 分别, 辨别, 区分（两事物）: discriminate between two cases/one case from another 区分两件事[将一件事与另一件事区分开] * The law discriminates between accidental and intentional killing. 意外杀人和故意杀人在法律上是有区别的.  2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/in favour of sb treat (one person or group) worse/better than others 歧视[偏袒]（某人或某些人）: Society still discriminates against women/in favour of men. 社会上仍然歧视女性[厚待男性].adj  1 showing good judgement and perception 判断力强的; 鉴别力强的; 知觉敏锐的: discriminating taste, judgement, etc 敏锐的鉴赏力、判断力等 * a discriminating connoisseur, collector, customer, etc 鉴赏力强的鉴赏家、收藏家、顾客等 * She has an artist's discriminating eye. 她具有艺术家特有的敏锐眼光.  2 = discriminatory./dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn; dɪˌskrɪmə`neʃən/ n [U]  1 good judgement and perception 辨别力; 识别力: show discrimination in one's choice of friends, clothes, hobbies, etc 在选择交友对象、服装、消遣形式等方面有鉴别力.  2 ~ (against/in favour of sb) treating a person or group differently (usu worse) than others 歧视[偏袒]（某人）: racial, sexual, religious, political, etc discrimination 种族、性别、宗教、政治...歧视 * This is a clear case of discrimination (against foreign imports) .这显然是（对进口货的）排斥./dɪˈskrɪmɪnətərɪ; <i>US</i> dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːrɪ; dɪ`skrɪmənə`tɔrɪ/ adj discriminating against sb/sth （对待某人[某事物]）不公平的, 歧视的: discriminatory measures,policies, actions, tariffs 不公平的措施、厚此薄彼的政策、歧视性的行为、差别关税./dɪˈskɜːsɪv; dɪ`skɝsɪv/ adj (of the way a person speaks or writes) wandering from one point to another （指口头或书面的表达方式）东拉西扯的, 不着边际的: a rather discursive account of the events 对那些事件东拉西扯的描述. adv. n [U]./ˈdɪskəs; `dɪskəs/ n (a) [C] heavy disc thrown in athletic contests 铁饼. (b) the discus [sing] discus-throwing event 铁饼项目; 铁饼比赛: I see Britain did well in the discus. 我看英国队在铁饼项目中表现不错. =>illus 见插图./dɪˈskʌs; dɪ`skʌs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg, Tsg] ~ sth (with sb) talk or write about sth 谈论、讨论、议论、商量或论述某事物: Jack was still discussing the game (with his friends) when I got there. 我到那儿的时候, 杰克还在（跟朋友们）谈论那场比赛呢. * We discussed when to go/when we should go. 我们商量了什么时候动身. * They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事儿. * We're here to discuss Ann's joining the club. 我们这次碰头是为了谈谈安入会的事儿. * Her latest book discusses the problems of the disabled. 她 的新书论述残疾人的问题./dɪˈskʌʃn; dɪ`skʌʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) discussing sth 谈论; 讨论; 议论; 商量; 论述: After much discussion/several lengthy discussions they decided to accept our offer. 经过反覆讨论[多次长时间的讨论], 他们决定接受我们开的价. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1.  2 (idm 习语) under discussion being talked about 正在讨论中: The plans have been under discussion for a year now, but no decision has been reached. 那些计划讨论了一年了, 还是没有结果. * the matter under discussion 正在讨论中的那件事./dɪsˈdeɪn; dɪs`den/ n [U] feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt 鄙视; 轻视; 蔑视: a look/tone/expression of disdain 鄙夷的神态[语气/表情] * treating other people's ideas with disdain 藐视别人的意见.

v  1 [Tn] treat (sth/sb) with disdain; despise 鄙视（某事物[某人]）; 轻视; 蔑视: disdain an invitation, an offer of help, a peace initiative 不屑接受邀请、鄙视他人的援助、对和平建议不屑理会.  2 [Tg, Tt] (fml 文) refuse (doing/to do sth) because of one's disdain 不屑于（做某事）: He disdains going to the cinema/to sit with people like us. 他不屑于去看电影[与我们这等人同席而坐]./-fl; -fəl/ adj ~ (of sb/sth) showing disdain 鄙视的; 轻蔑的; 藐视的: a disdainful reply 轻蔑的回答 * He's disdainful of anyone from America. 美洲来的人他都瞧不起. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./dɪˈziːz; dɪ`ziz/ n [C, U] (case of) illness of the body, of the mind or of plants, caused by infection or internal disorder 疾病; 病患; （植物的）病害: a serious, infectious, incurable disease 重病、传染性疾病、不治之症 * a disease of the nervous system 神经系统的疾病 * prevent/spread disease 预防[传播]疾病.adj suffering from a disease 患病的; 遭受病害的: diseased kidneys, leaves 患病的肾脏、有病害的叶子 * (fig 比喻) a diseased society, mentality, imagination 病态的社会、病态的心理、不健康的想像./ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑːk; ˌdɪsɪm`bɑrk/ (also debark) v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft （指人）离船或下飞机等: disembark from a ferry 离渡船上岸. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft 使（人）离船或下飞机等; 从船上或飞机上卸下（货物）: disembark passengers from the plane 让乘客下飞机. /ˌdɪsembɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˌdɪsɛmbɑr`keʃən/ (also debarkation) n [U]: After disembarkation, we went through passport control. 我们下了飞机, 接受护照检查./ˌdɪsɪmˈbɒdɪd; ˌdɪsɪm`bɑdɪd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of a soul or spirit) separated from the body （指灵魂或魂魄）从躯体中脱离出来的, 出窍的, 游荡的.  2 (fig 比喻) (of sounds) lacking any obvious source; eerie （指声音）没有明确来源的, 怪异的: disembodied voices, screams, groans, etc 神秘可怖的人声、尖叫、呻吟等./ˌdɪsɪmˈbaʊəl; ˌdɪsɪm`baᴜəl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] remove the bowels of (sb), usu as part of an execution 取出某人的肠子（通常作为死刑的一部分）./ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːnt; <i>US</i> ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃnt; ˌdɪsɪn`tʃænt/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose his good opinion of sb/sth; disillusion 使（某人）对某人[某事物]不再着迷, 不抱幻想: Her arrogance has disenchanted many of her former admirers. 她为人高傲, 追求过她的许多人都已不再迷恋她了. adj ~ (with sb/sth): His disenchanted supporters abandoned him. 那些拥护他的人对他失去了幻想, 纷纷离他而去了. * I'm becoming increasingly disenchanted with London. 我对伦敦渐渐不那么眷恋了. n [U]./ˌdɪsɪnˈkʌmbə(r); ˌdɪsɪn`kʌmbɚ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) (fml 文) free sb/sth from (a burden, an obstruction, etc) 使某人[某事物]解除（负担）, 消除（障碍）: disencumber oneself of financial responsibilities, social commitments 摆脱经济负担、社会义务./ˌdɪsɪnˈfræntʃaɪz; ˌdɪsɪn`fræntʃaɪz/ v [Tn] = disfranchise./ˌdɪsɪnˈgeɪdʒ; ˌdɪsɪn`ˇedʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) (fml 文) free or disconnect sth/sb from sth/sb that holds it/him firmly 放开; 挣脱开; 摆脱开: Disengage the clutch (ie from the gear mechanism) before changing gear. 先松开离合器再换挡. * (joc 谑) He managed to disengage himself from Martha's embrace. 他使劲儿挣脱了玛莎的拥抱.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (military 军) (cause sb/sth to) stop fighting and withdraw （使某人[某物]）脱离接触, 中止战斗: The fighter planes quickly disengaged (from the combat). 歼击机很快（从战斗中）撤出了. * We must disengage our troops (from the conflict).我们必须把部队（从战斗中）撤出.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml 文) (of a person) free from social or professional obligations （指人）没有社会或职业负担, 无牵无挂.n [U]./ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋgl; ˌdɪsɪn`tæŋˇl/ v  1 [Tn] make (rope, hair, etc) straight and free of knots 将（绳索、毛发等）理直并解开其结子, 理顺.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) free sth/sb from sth that hooks into it/him 使某事物[某人]摆脱开钩绊之物: He tried to disentangle himself (from the bushes into which he had fallen). 他竭力（从他跌入的灌木丛中）挣脱出来. * (fig 比喻) I wish I could disentangle myself from Jill, ie from my relationship with her. 我希望能摆脱跟吉尔的关系. * disentangle the truth from a mass of lies 把真话和一大堆谎言区分开. n [U]./ˌdɪsiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm, also -ekw-; dɪsˌikwə`lɪbrɪəm, -ɛkw-/ n [U] (fml usu fig 文, 通常作比喻) loss or lack of balance 失衡; 不平衡; 失调: a disequilibrium in the military forces of the two countries 两国之间军事力量的不平衡./ˌdɪsɪˈstæblɪʃ; ˌdɪsə`stæblɪʃ/ v [Tn] end the official status of (a national Church) 废除（国教）的法定地位: those who want to disestablish the Church of England 主张废除英国国教的人. n [U]./ˌdɪsˈfeɪvə(r); dɪs`fevɚ/ n [U] dislike; disapproval (used esp as in the expressions shown) 不喜欢, 不赞成, 反感（尤用于以下示例）: regard sb/sth with disfavour 不喜欢某人[某事物] * incur sb's disfavour 引起某人的反感 * be in/fall into disfavour 受冷遇[失宠]./dɪsˈfɪgə(r); <i>US</i> dɪsˈfɪgjər; dɪs`fɪˇjɚ/ v [Tn] spoil the appearance of (sb/sth) 毁损（某人[某物]）的外观, 外貌; 毁容: The accident disfigured him for life. 那次事故使他破相, 终生无法恢复. * a landscape disfigured by a power station 被发电厂破坏了的风景. n [U, C]: the planners responsible for the disfigurement of the countryside 使乡村景色遭到破坏的规划者./dɪsˈfræntʃaɪz; dɪs`fræntʃaɪz/ (also disenfranchise/ 9dIsIn5frAntFaIz; 9dIsIn`frAntFaIz/) v [Tn] take away the right to vote for a parliamentary representative from (a person or place) 剥夺（某人）选举议员的权利; 剥夺（某地）选派议员的权利. /dɪsˈfræntʃɪzmənt; dɪs`fræntʃɪzmənt/ (also disenfranchisement / 9dIsIn5f-; 9dIsIn`f-/) n [U]./dɪsˈgɔːdʒ; dɪs`ˇɔrdʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) throw out (food, etc) from the stomach or throat; vomit sth 呕出, 吐出（食物等）; 呕吐: She was trying hard to disgorge a fish bone. 她拚命想把鱼刺吐出来.  2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (itself) into sth (of a river) let (its waters) flow out, esp into the sea or another river （指江河）流出（尤指注入大海或汇入另一条河流）: The Avon disgorges (itself) into the Severn. 埃文河流入塞文河. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~from sth/into sth; ~from sth into sth; ~sth (from sth) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (let sth) pour out in a great mass （使某物）大量流出, 涌出: Crowds disgorged from the theatre into the dark street. 人流从戏院涌出, 进入了黑洞洞的街道. * The holed tanker was disgorging oil. 撞了个窟窿的油船正在喷油.  3 [I, Tn] (infml joc 口, 谑) unwillingly hand (sth) over or back 不情愿地将（某物）交出或交还; 吐出: You owe me 5: come on, disgorge! 你欠我5英镑, 快, 吐出来!/dɪsˈgreɪs; dɪs`ˇres/ n  1 [U] state in which others think that one has behaved badly and no longer deserves respect 出丑; 丢脸: bring disgrace on oneself, one's family, etc 给自己、家庭等丢脸 * There is no disgrace in being poor. 贫穷并不丢脸.  2 [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) thing or person that is so bad that one feels or should feel ashamed 令人感到羞耻的事物或人; 耻辱: Your homework is a disgrace: rewrite it! 你做的功课真丢人, 重做吧! * These slums are a disgrace to the city. 这些贫民窟是这座城市的耻辱.  3 (idm 习语) (be) in disgrace (with sb) (be) regarded with deep disfavour 很不讨人喜欢; 令人不喜爱: He's in disgrace (with his father) because he told a lie. 他撒了个谎, 惹得父亲很不痛快.

/dɪsˈgreɪs; dɪs`ˇres/ v [Tn]  1 bring disgrace on (sb/sth); be a disgrace to 给（某人[某事物]）丢脸; 给...带来耻辱: Your behaviour disgraces us all. 你的行为使我们大家丢脸. * He got drunk and disgraced himself at the wedding. 他在婚礼上喝多了, 出了洋相.  2 cause (sb) to lose a position of power, honour or favour 使（某人）失去权位、荣誉或不受喜爱: After the defeat two generals were publicly disgraced. 那两位将军吃了败仗之後, 在公众心目中威望扫地./-fl; -fəl/ adj causing disgrace; very bad 可耻的; 丢脸的; 极坏的: disgraceful manners, behaviour, etc 丢人的举止、行为等 * This cheating is disgraceful. 这样骗人, 真不要脸. * The bus is late again  it's absolutely disgraceful! 这趟公共汽车又来迟了, 简直太不像话了! /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./dɪsˈgrʌntld; dɪs`ˇrʌntld/ adj ~ (at/about sth); ~ (with sb) resentful because sth has happened to displease one 不高兴的; 不满的: a disgruntled look, frown, scowl, etc 不悦的样子、因不满而皱眉、怒容 * She's still disgruntled about missing the party. 她因错过了这一聚会而仍耿耿于怀./dɪsˈgaɪz; dɪs`ˇaɪz/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) make sb/sth look or sound different from normal; give sb/sth a false appearance （用伪装）使某人[某物]的外观或声音异常; 假装; 假扮; 装扮: disguise one's voice 不使用自己真实的声音 * I disguised the spots on my face with make-up. 我用化妆品盖住脸上的斑点. * The raiders disguised themselves as security guards. 袭击者都装扮成了保安人员.  2 [Tn] hide or cover up (eg one's real feelings or intentions) 隐藏, 遮掩（如真实的感情或用意）: I couldn't disguise my anger. 我怒形于色. * There's no disguising the fact (ie It is clear) that he's a liar. 他爱撒谎, 这可是掩盖不了的.

/dɪsˈgaɪz; dɪs`ˇaɪz/ n  1 [C, U] thing worn or used for disguising （供穿戴或使用的）伪装品: put on (a) disguise 伪装起来 * wear a beard as a disguise 戴上假须.  2 [U] disguised condition; disguising 伪装: a master of disguise 伪装的能手.  3 (idm 习语) a blessing in disguise => blessing. in disguise disguised 伪装的; 假装的; 假扮的: I didn't recognize him: he was in disguise. 我没认出他来, 他化了装了./dɪsˈgʌst; dɪs`ˇʌst/ n [U] ~ (at sth)/(for/with sb) strong dislike for sth/sb that one feels is not right or good 反感; 厌恶; 嫌恶: his disgust at the sight of the rotting food 他看到腐败的食物而感到恶心 * The execution of political opponents aroused widespread disgust (with the regime). 处决了政敌引起（对这个政权的）普遍反感. * She turned away in disgust. 她厌恶地把脸转开.

/dɪsˈgʌst; dɪs`ˇʌst/ v [Tn] cause disgust in (sb) 使（某人）反感, 厌恶, 嫌恶: The use of torture must disgust any civilized person. 施用酷刑必为文明社会的人所不齿.adj ~ (at/by/with sb/sth): We were (absolutely) disgusted at the size of the bill. 我们看到帐单上的数额, 极为气愤./dɪsˈgʌstɪdlɪ; dɪs`ˇʌstɪdlɪ/ adv with disgust 反感地; 厌恶地; 嫌恶地: look disgustedly at sb 厌恶地看着某人.adj causing disgust 使人反感的; 使人厌恶的; 讨厌的: disgusting personal habits 令人厌恶的个人习惯 * disgusting language 不堪入耳的话. disgustingly adv (a) in a disgusting way 使人反感地; 使人厌恶地. (b) (joc 谑) extremely 极端地: be disgustingly fit, well-read, successful 身体极棒、学富五车、极为成功./dɪʃ; dɪʃ/ n  1 (a) [C] container for holding or serving food (usu shallow and flat-bottomed) 盘; 碟: a glass, an earthenware, a ceramic, a metal, etc dish 玻璃的、陶的、瓷的、金属的...盘子 =>illus at plate 见 plate 之插图. (b) [C] food, etc served in the container 一盘食物; 一碟食物; 一道菜; 菜肴: a big dish of curry 一大盘用咖喱作调味的菜. (c) the dishes [pl] plates, bowls, cups, etc used for a meal; crockery 餐具: wash, do, dry, put away, etc the dishes 洗、刷洗、弄乾、放好...餐具.  2 [C] particular type of food prepared for a meal 具某种风味的饭菜: a restaurant specializing in Indonesian dishes 印度尼西亚风味的餐馆.  3 [C] object shaped like a dish or bowl, esp the large concave reflector of a radio telescope 盘状物; 盆状物; 凹形物; （尤指射电望远镜中巨大的）抛物面状天线.  4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (infml 口) physically attractive person 外貌有吸引力的人; 漂亮的人: Mary's new boy-friend's quite a dish, isn't he? 玛丽新交的男朋友挺帅的, 是不是?

/dɪʃ; dɪʃ/ v  1 [Tn] (Brit infml 口) ruin (sb's hopes or chances); prevent (sb) from succeeding 使（某人的希望）破灭; 破坏（某人的机会）; 使（某人）不能成功: The scandal dished his hopes of being elected. 这丑闻使他当选的希望破灭了. * dish one's opponents 击败对手.  2 (idm 习语) dish it `out (infml 口) attack sb fiercely with words or blows 大骂或猛揍某人: Don't get into a fight with him: he can really dish it out. 别跟他动手, 他揍起人来可凶了. dish the `dirt (sl 俚) gossip in an unkind way; say scandalous things about sb 说坏话; 揭某人的短儿: journalists who dish the dirt about television stars 揭电视明星疮疤的记者们.  3 (phr v) dish sth out give away a lot of sth 大量给予或分发: There were students dishing out leaflets to passers-by. 有学生向路人散发传单. * dish out compliments, insults, abuse, etc 大加赞扬、大肆侮辱、滔滔不绝地咒骂. dish sth up (a) put (food) on plates; serve sth 将（食物）盛在盘里; 上（菜）. (b) (derog 贬) present or offer sth 提出或提供某事物: They're dishing up the usual arguments in a new form. 他们将老调子改头换面, 又端出来了.n [U] water used for washing dishes 洗碗碟的水: (joc 谑) Her coffee tastes like dish-water, ie It is weak and unpleasant. 她的咖啡喝起来像刷锅水./ˌdɪshɑːˈməʊnɪəs; ˌdɪshɑr`monɪəs/ adj: a disharmonious relationship 不和谐的关系./dɪsˈhɑːmənɪ; dɪs`hɑrmənɪ/ n [U] lack of harmony between people; disagreement 人与人之间的不和睦; 不协调; 不一致: He noted the disharmony between husband and wife. 他觉察出这对夫妇不太和睦. n cloth for washing dishes, etc （洗碗碟等用的）抹布./dɪsˈhɑːtn; dɪs`hɑrtn/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose hope or confidence 使（某人）失去希望或信心; 使（某人）灰心: Don't let this set-back dishearten you. 不要因这一挫折而气馁. /-ˈhɑːtnɪŋ; -`hɑrtnɪŋ/ adj: disheartening news 使人泄气的消息 * a disheartening lack of interest 使人失望的淡漠. adv./dɪˈʃevld; dɪ`ʃɛvld/ adj (of hair or clothes) untidy; ruffled （指毛发或衣服）不整齐的, 凌乱的./ˈdɪʃfʊl; `dɪʃˌfᴜl/ n about as much as a dish will hold 一盘的量; 一碟的量./dɪsˈɒnɪst; dɪs`ɑnɪst/ adj  1 (of a person) not honest （指人）不老实的, 不诚实的: a dishonest trader, partner, etc 奸商、耍滑头的合伙人.  2 [attrib 作定语] (a) intended to deceive or cheat 骗人的; 欺骗性的: dishonest behaviour, goings-on, competition 欺骗的行为、骗人的勾当、做了手脚的比赛. (b) (of money) not honestly obtained （指金钱）来路不正的: dishonest earnings, gains, etc 以不正当的方式获得的钱、利益等. adv. n [U].v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 bring dishonour on (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）蒙羞; 败坏（某人[某事 物]）的名誉: a cowardly act that dishonours his memory 使他一想起便羞愧不已的怯懦之举.  2 (of a bank) refuse to cash (a cheque, etc) （指银行）拒绝兑现（支票等）. Cf 参看 bounce./dɪsˈɒnə(r); dɪs`ɑnɚ/ n [U, sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) loss of honour or respect 不名誉; 耻辱; 丢脸: bring dishonour on one's family, country, regiment, etc 使自己的家庭、国家、所在团等蒙羞./-nərəbl; -nɚəbl/ adj not honourable 不名誉的; 可耻的: a dishonourable record, reputation, discharge from the army 不光彩的履历、坏名声、被开除出军队这一不名誉事. /-nərəblɪ;-nɚɑblɪ/ adv.n machine or person that washes dishes 刷洗碗碟的机器或人; 洗碟机; 洗碗机; 洗碗者./ˈdɪʃɪ; `dɪʃɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (of a person) physically attractive （指人）漂亮, 潇洒, 帅./ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒn; ˌdɪsɪ`luʒən/ v [Tn] destroy the pleasant but mistaken beliefs or ideals of (sb) 使（某人）醒悟, 理想或幻想破灭: She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her. 她仍然相信有圣诞老人, 要是使她这一幻想破灭就于心不忍了.adj ~ (with sb/sth) disappointed in sb/sth that one had admired or believed in （对某人[某事物]）大失所望, 幻想破灭: Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties. 失望的选民需要一个党派以取代这两个大党. * She's disillusioned with life in general. 她对生活各方面均不抱幻想了.n [U] state ofbeing disillusioned 幻灭; 醒悟: the growing disillusionmentwith the Government's policies 对政府政策产生越来越强烈的失望./ˌdɪsɪnˈsentɪv; ˌdɪsɪn`sɛntɪv/ n ~ (to sth) thing that discourages an action or effort 阻碍行动或发展的事物; 遏制因素: Fixed wages and lack of promotion act as a disincentive to employees. 工资固定又无晋升机会遏制了雇员的积极性./ˌdɪsɪnklɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdɪsɪnklə`neʃən/ n [sing] ~ (for sth/to do sth) (fml 文) unwillingness; reluctance 不情愿; 勉强: a disinclination for work, exercise, politics 不愿工作、锻炼、关心政治 * his disinclination to tackle the causes of the problem 他对问题的起因无心过问的态度./ˌdɪsɪnˈklaɪnd; ˌdɪsɪn`klaɪnd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) unwilling; reluctant 不情愿; 勉强: feel disinclined for study, argument, discussion, etc 不愿意学习、争辩、讨论等 * She was disinclined to believe him. 她对他的话半信半疑./ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt; ˌdɪsɪn`fɛkt/ v [Tn] clean (sth) by destroying germs that cause disease 为（某物）杀菌或消毒: disinfect a wound, a surgical instrument, a hospital ward 为伤口、外科手术器械、医院病房消毒./ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt; ˌdɪsɪn`fɛktənt/ n [U, C] substance that disinfects 杀菌剂; 消毒剂: [attrib 作定语] disinfectant liquid, cream, soap, etc 消毒用的溶液、乳膏、肥皂等./ˌdɪsɪnˈfekʃn; ˌdɪsɪn`fɛkʃən/ n [U]./ˌdɪsɪnˈfest; ˌdɪsɪn`fɛst/ v [Tn] remove vermin or insects from (sb/sth) 为（某人[某物]）消灭寄生虫、害虫、害鸟或害兽. /ˌdɪsɪnfeˈsteɪʃn; dɪsˌɪnfɛs`teʃən/ n [U]./dɪsˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn; ˌdɪsɪnfɚ`meʃən/ n [U] deliberately false information, esp given out by governments or intelligence services （故意透露的）假情报（尤指政府或情报部门）. Cf 参看 misinformation (misinform)./ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjʊəs; ˌdɪsɪn`dʒɛnjᴜəs/ adj (fml 文) insincere, esp in pretending that one knows less about sth than one really does 不真诚的; （尤指）装作不知道的: It would be disingenuous to claim that we hadn't suspected them. 要是说我们当时还没有怀疑他们, 那就是言不由衷了. adv. n [U]./ˌdɪsɪnˈherɪt; ˌdɪsɪn`hɛrɪt/ v [Tn] prevent (sb) from inheriting one's property (by making a new will naming another person as heir) （重立遗嘱, 另定继承人以）阻止（某人）继承自己的财产; 取消或剥夺（某人）的继承权: disinherit one's eldest son 取消自己的长子的继承权. /ˌdɪsɪnˈherɪtəns; ˌdɪsɪn`hɛrətəns/ n [U]./dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt; dɪs`ɪntəˌˇret/ v [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) break into small parts or pieces （使某物）碎裂, 崩裂: The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact. 飞机冲向一座山, 撞得粉碎. (b) (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become less strong or united （使某物）衰微, 瓦解, 分崩离析: The family is starting to disintegrate. 这个家庭要破裂了. /dɪsˌɪntɪˈgreɪʃn; dɪsˌɪntə`ˇreʃən/ n [U]: the gradual disintegration of traditional values 传统价值观念的逐渐淡薄./ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜː(r); ˌdɪsɪn`tɝ/ v (-rr-) [Tn] (fml 文) dig up (sth buried) 挖出（被埋的某物）: The court granted him permission to disinter the body. 法院批准他掘出尸体. * (fig 比喻) disinter an old scandal 将从前的一桩丑事儿抖出来. /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd; dɪs`ɪntrəstɪd/ adj not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased 无个人利害关系的; 公正无私的; 不偏不倚的: a disinterested act of kindness 没有私心杂念的好心的行为 * My advice is quite disinterested. 我的建议是正直无偏的. =>Usage at interest2 用法见interest2. adv. n [U].n [U, C]./ˌdɪsɪnˈvest; ˌdɪsɪn`vɛst/ v [I, Ipr] (finance 财) reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc) 缩减、收回或转让（在某地、某公司等的）投资./dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd; dɪs`dʒɔɪntɪd/ adj (of talk, writing, etc) in which it is difficult to understand how the ideas, events, etc follow each other and develop （指说话、文章等）内容不连贯的, 支离破碎的: The film was so disjointed that I couldn't tell you what the story was about. 那部电影的情节支离破碎, 我简直说不出个所以然来. adv./dɪsˈdʒʌŋktɪv; dɪs`dʒʌŋktɪv/ adj (grammar) (of a conjunction) showing opposition or contrast between two ideas (eg either... or) （指连词）转折的, 反意的（如either... or）./dɪsk; dɪsk/ n  1 (esp US) = disc.  2 (computing 计) circular plate, coated with magnetic material, on which data can be recorded in a form that can be used by a computer 磁盘. Cf 参看 floppy disk (flop), hard disk (hard1).device which transfers data from a disk to the memory of a computer, or from the memory to the disk 磁盘驱动器; 磁盘机. =>illus at computer 见computer之插图./dɪsˈket; dɪ`skɛt/ n = floppy disk (flop)./dɪsˈlaɪk; dɪs`laɪk/ v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] not like (sb/sth)不喜欢, 讨厌（某人[某事物]）: My mother dislikes seeing you with me/dislikes our being together. 我母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起. * I like cats but dislike dogs. 我喜欢猫, 不喜欢狗. * I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨. * If you go on like that you'll get yourself disliked, ie become unpopular. 你再这样下去, 别人就不喜欢你了.

n  1 (a) [U] ~ (of sb/sth) feeling of not liking 不喜欢; 反感: a strong dislike of modern poetry 对现代诗的强烈反感. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that one dislikes 不喜欢的事物: have one's pet dislikes 有自己特别不喜欢的东西.  2 (idm 习语) likes and dislikes => like2. take a dislike to sb/sth start disliking sb/sth 开始不喜欢某人[某事物]: I don't know why, but I took a strong dislike to him as soon as I saw him. 也不知为什么, 我一见他就十分讨厌他./ˈdɪsləkeɪt; <i>US</i> ˈdɪsləʊkeɪt; `dɪsloˌket/ v [Tn]  1 put (a bone) out of its proper position in a joint 使（骨头）脱位: dislocate one's ankle, wrist, etc 使脚踝、手腕等脱臼 * a dislocated shoulder 脱了臼的肩膀.  2 stop (a system, plan, etc) from working as it should; disrupt 扰乱（制度、计划等）: Flights have been dislocated by thefog. 大雾将飞机的班次搅乱了. > dislocation/ 9dIslE-5keIFn; ?@ 9dIslEU5keIFn; 9dIslo`keFEn/ n [C, U]: treated her for a dislocation and muscle strain 为她治疗脱臼和肌肉扭伤 * The strike will cause some dislocation of rail traffic. 这次罢工会给铁路交通造成一定的混乱./dɪsˈlɒdʒ; dɪs`lɑdʒ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) move or force sb/sth from a previously fixed position 将某人[某物]逐出或移开; 移去; 取出: The wind dislodged some tiles (from the roof). 风把瓦（从屋顶上）刮了下来. * There's something between my teeth and I can't dislodge it. 我牙缝里塞了点东西, 就是弄不出来. * (fig 比喻) She became champion in 1982 and no one has been able to dislodge her. 她于1982年获得冠军, 至今还没有人能把她从宝座上拉下来. n [U]./dɪsˈlɔɪəl; dɪs`lɔɪəl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth) not loyal; unfaithful 不忠实的; 不忠诚的: be disloyal to a cause, one's country, one's associates 对事业不忠、对国家不忠、对同事不守信义. /-ˈlɔɪəlɪ;-`lɔɪəlɪ/ adv. /-ˈlɔɪəltɪ; -`lɔɪəltɪ/ n [U, C]./ˈdɪzməl; `dɪzml/ adj  1 causing or showing sadness; gloomy; miserable （使人）悲伤的; 凄凉的; 阴沉的; 悲惨的: dismal weather, countryside 阴沉沉的天气、乡村 * The news was as dismal as ever. 这消息还是叫人提不起劲来. * a dismal manner, tone of voice, look, etc 郁郁寡欢的样子、悲戚的语调、凄楚的神情等.  2 (infml 口) less good than expected; poor 差劲的; 不怎么样的: a dismal performance in the elections 在选举中差劲的表现. /-məlɪ; -mlɪ/ adv./dɪsˈmæntl; dɪs`mæntl/ v [Tn]  1 take (sth) to pieces 将（某物）拆开; 拆除（某物）: dismantle a faulty motor, machine, etc (for repairs) 把有毛病的发动机、机器等拆开（以便修理） * dismantle an exhibition, a theatrical set, etc 把所有展品、戏剧布景等拆除 * (fig 比喻) We should dismantle our inefficient tax system. 我们这个效益很差的税收制度应该废除.  2 remove fittings and furnishings from (a building or ship) 拆除（建筑物或船只）的装备./dɪsˈmeɪ; dɪs`me/ n [U] feeling of shock and discouragement 惊愕; 气馁; 灰心: be filled/struck with dismay (at the news, etc) （得到这消息等）极为震惊 * He learned to his dismay that he had lost his job. 他得知自己失去了工作, 十分伤心. * We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags. 我们瞧着她打行李, 感到无可奈何.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] fill (sb) with dismay 使（某人）惊愕或气馁: We were all dismayed at his refusal to co-operate. 他不肯合作使我们感到非常失望./dɪsˈmembə(r); dɪs`mɛmbɚ/ v [Tn]  1 cut or tear off the limbs of (a person or an animal) 切断或分裂（人或动物）的肢体; 肢解: The victim's dismemberedbody was found in a trunk. 在一只大箱子里发现了受害者遭肢解的躯体.  2 divide (a country, etc) into parts; partition 瓜分（国家等）; 分割. n [U]./dɪsˈmɪs; dɪs`mɪs/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) remove sb (esp an employee) from a position 免除某人（尤指雇员）的职务; 开除; 解雇: workers who havebeen unfairly dismissed 被无理解雇的工人.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb (from sth) send sb away; allow sb to leave 把某人打发走; 让某人离开: dismiss soldiers, a class 遣散士兵、下课 * (fml 文) The duchess dismissed the servant (from her presence). 公爵夫人让那个仆人退下.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) put (thoughts, feelings, etc) out of one's mind 屏除（思想、感情等）: He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts. 他尽量不去想她, 然而无济于事. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) consider sb/sth not worth thinking or talking about 对某人[某事物]不予理会或不屑一提: She was dismissed as a dreamer. 人们认为她是个空想家而不予理睬. * dismiss a suggestion, an objection, an idea, etc 不理会一建议、异议、主意等.  4 [Tn] (law 律) reject (a case, an appeal, etc) 驳回（讼案、上诉等）.  5 [Tn] (in cricket) end the innings of (the other team or one of its batsmen) （板球赛中）迫使（对方球队或击球手）出局, 退场./dɪsˈmɪsl; dɪs`mɪsl/ n (a) [U] action of dismissing 开除; 撤职; 解雇; 调离; 遣散; 屏除; 不予理会; 驳回; 退场: a strike caused by the dismissal of two workers 因解雇两名工人而引起的罢工事件 * his rash dismissal of the offer 他对该提议轻率的拒绝. (b) [C] event of being dismissed 被解雇、被撤职等的事件: The dismissals led to a strike. 雇主解雇工人导致了罢工事件.adj ~ (of sb/sth) dismissing in a rude, brief and casual way （以粗暴、轻率及漫不经心的态度）打发走或表示拒绝: a dismissive gesture, tone of voice, shrug of the shoulders 表示轻蔑的手势、语调、一耸肩 * Reviewers were dismissive, and the play closed within a week. 由于评论界持否定态度, 该剧上演不到一周便停止了. * Don't be so dismissive of her talent. 可别小看了她的才能. adv./ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt; dɪs`maᴜnt/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) get off (a motor cycle, bicycle, horse, etc) 下（摩托车、自行车、马等）. Cf 参看 alight2 1.  2 [Tn] cause (sb) to fall, esp from a horse, etc 使（某人）掉下; （尤指）坠马等./-ɪəns; -ɪəns/ n [U] failure or refusal to obey 不顺从; 不服从: an act of disobedience 违抗行为 * He was punished for his disobedience. 他因不顺从而受到惩罚./ˌdɪsəˈbiːdɪənt; ˌdɪsə`bidɪənt/ adj not obedient 不顺从的; 不服从的: a disobedient child 不听话的孩子 * I was very disobedient towards my father. 我根本不听我父亲的话.adv./ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ; ˌdɪsə`be/ v [I, Tn] not obey (a person, law, etc) 不服从, 违抗（某人、法律等）./ˌdɪsəˈblaɪdʒ; ˌdɪsə`blaɪdʒ/ v [Tn] (fml 文) refuse to help or co-operate with (sb) 不肯帮助（某人）; 拒不与（某人）合作. adj: a disobliging manner, person, response 不愿合作的态度、人、反应 * Sorry to be so disobliging, but I have no money to lend you. 很抱歉, 爱莫能助, 我没有钱借给你. adv./dɪsˈɔːdə(r); dɪs`ɔrdɚ/ n  1 [U] confused or untidy state; lack of order 混乱; 凌乱; 无秩序: with one's papers, thoughts, financial affairs in (complete) disorder 证件、思绪、财务（完全）乱七八糟地 * Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder. 大家一下子全都喊叫起来, 会议秩序大乱而被迫中断.  2 (a) [U] disturbance of public order 骚乱: The capital is calm, but continuing disorder has been reported elsewhere. 首都一片平静, 然而据报道在别的地方仍有持续的骚乱. (b) [C] riot 动乱; 暴乱: The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起了剧烈的内乱.  3 [C, U] disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind （身体或精神）不适, 疾病: He's suffering from severe mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神病. * a disorder of the bowels 闹肚子.

v [Tn] disturb the order of (sth) 弄乱（某物）: disorder sb's papers, files, etc 把某人的证件、档案等弄乱. disordered adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] suffering from lack of order or control 错乱的; 失调的: a disordered imagination, flow of words 精神错乱、语无伦次 * He led a disordered life and died in poverty. 他生活毫无规律, 于贫困中死去.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 untidy 凌乱的; 无秩序的: a disorderly heap of clothes 乱七八糟的一堆衣服.  2 (of people or behaviour) showing a lack of self-control; disturbing public order （指人或行为）不能律己的, 妨碍治安的: a disorderly mob, demonstration, meeting, etc 扰乱社会秩序的暴民、示威活动、集会等 * (law 律) a disorderly house, ie where prostitution or illegal gambling is carried on 妓院（或非法赌场）.  3 (idm 习语) drunk and disorderly => drunk. disorderliness n [U].=> disorganization=> disorganize=> disorganized/dɪsˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪˈz-; dɪsˌɔrˇənə`zeʃən/ n [U]./dɪsˈɔːgənaɪz; dɪs`ɔrˇəˌnaɪz/ v [Tn] spoil the organized way (sb/sth) is supposed to work 打乱（某人[某事物]）的步骤或安排: disorganize a schedule, plan, etc 打乱程序、计划等.adj badly organized or planned 组织不善的; 计划不周的: She's so disorganized she never gets anything done. 她太缺乏条理了, 什么事也做不成. * a disorganized lesson, holiday, household 凌乱无序的课、计画不周的假期、杂乱无章的家务./dɪsˈɔːrɪənteɪt; dɪs`ɔrɪɛnˌtet/ (also esp US  disorient / dIs5R:rIEnt; dIs`RrI9Znt/) v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态]  1 cause (sb) to lose all sense of direction 使（某人）迷失方向: We were quite disorientated by the maze of streets. 街道曲曲弯弯的, 把我们弄得迷失了方向.  2 confuse (sb) 使（某人）神志迷乱: I felt completely disorientated with the jet lag. 我乘长途飞机後因生理节奏失调而感到昏昏沉沉的. /dɪsˌɔːrɪənˈteɪʃn; dɪsˌɔrɪən`teʃən/ n [U]./dɪsˈəʊn; dɪs`on/ v [Tn] refuse to be connected with (sb/sth), esp because one is shocked by some action 与（某人[某事物]）断绝关系, 脱离关系: If you behave like that in front of my friends again, I'll disown you! 你要是当着我朋友的面再那样做, 我就和你一刀两断!/dɪˈspærɪdʒ; dɪ`spærɪdʒ/ v [Tn] suggest, esp unfairly, that (sb/sth) is of little value or importance 贬低, 轻视（某人[某事物]）（尤指欠公允）: disparage sb's work, talents, achievements, character, etc 贬低某人的作品、才能、成就、品性等. n [U]. disparaging adj: disparaging remarks, comments, etc 贬低性的言语、评论等. adv: speak disparagingly of sb/sb's efforts 诋毁某人[某人的成就]./ˈdɪspərət; `dɪspərɪt/ adj (fml 文) so different in kind or degree that they cannot be compared 迥然不同的; 无法比较的: The five experiments gave quite disparate results. 这五次试验所获得的结果迥然不同. adv./dɪˈspærətɪ; dɪs`pærətɪ/ n (fml 文) [U, C] difference or inequality 不同; 不等: disparity in age, rank, income, status, etc 年龄、级别、收入、地位等方面的差距 * Comparison of the two accounts revealed numerous disparities. 把两本帐一比较, 发现有许多出入./dɪˈspæʃənət; dɪs`pæʃənɪt/ adj (approv 褒) not influenced by emotion; impartial 不动感情的; 冷静的; 公平的: a dispassionate view, observer, judgement 客观公正的见解、观察家、评判. adv: She listened dispassionately but with great interest to both arguments. 她平心静气地听着, 然而对双方的理由都极为注意./dɪˈspætʃ; dɪ`spætʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to...) send sb/sth off to a destination or for a special purpose 派遣（某人）; 发送（某事物）: dispatch a letter, telegram, message, etc 发信、电报、消息等 * American warships have been dispatched to the area. 美国军舰已派往该地区.  2 [Tn] finish (a job, meal, etc) quickly 迅速做完（工作）; 匆匆吃完（饭）: The chairman dispatched the meeting in 20 minutes. 主席仅用20分钟就结束了会议.  3 [Tn] give the death-blow to (sb/sth); kill 给予（某人[某物]）致命的一击; 杀死: A vet dispatched the injured horse. 兽医把那匹受伤的马杀死了.

/dɪˈspætʃ; dɪ`spætʃ/ n  1 (fml 文) [U] dispatching; being dispatched （被）派遣; 发送: We welcome the dispatch of the peace-keeping force. 我们对派出维持和平部队此举表示欢迎.  2 [C] (a) official message or report sent quickly （公事的）急件. (b) report sent to a newspaper or news agency （发给报刊或通讯社的）新闻报道; 电讯.  3 (idm 习语) mentioned in dispatches => mention. with di`spatch (dated 旧) quickly and effectively 迅速而有效地: act with dispatch 行动利索.n (a) container for carrying official documents （传送文件用的）公文箱. (b) the Dispatch Box box in the British Parliament next to which Ministers stand when speaking 英国议会中置于大臣站立发言处的箱子.n (usu military) messenger who travels by motor cycle （通常指军队中）骑摩托车的通讯员./dɪˈspel; dɪ`spɛl/ v (-ll-) [Tn] drive (sth) away; cause to vanish 驱走（某事物）; 使消失: dispel sb's doubts/fears/worries 消除某人的疑虑[恐惧/烦恼] * The company is trying to dispel rumours about a take-over. 公司力图澄清有关控制权转移的流言./dɪˈspensəbl; dɪ`spɛnsəbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not necessary or essential 不必要; 不重要: A garage is useful but dispensable. 汽车房虽然有用, 但不必要./dɪˈspensərɪ; dɪ`spɛnsərɪ/ n (a) place in a hospital, school, etc where medicines are given out （医院、学校等的）药房. (b) place where patients are treated; clinic 医务室; 诊所./ˌdɪspenˈseɪʃn; ˌdɪspən`seʃən/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) action of dispensing or distributing 分配; 分发.  2 [U, C] (fml 文) apparent arrangement of events by Providence 神的安排; 天命; 天道.  3 [C, U] (religion 宗) (in the Roman Catholic Church) permission to break the normal rules of the church （天主教）特准（容许违反教会的常规）, 豁免: She needs a special dispensation to marry her cousin. 她需要得到特准才能嫁给她的表亲.  4 [C] (religion 宗) religious system prevalent at a certain period 某一时代的宗教制度: the Christian, Mosaic dispensation 基督教的教规、摩西的律法./dɪˈspens; dɪ`spɛns/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (a) give sth out; distribute sth 施予某物; 分配某物: On Saturday morning my father solemnly dispensed pocket money to each of the children. 星期六上午我父亲郑重其事地给每个孩子发零花钱. * a machine dispensing paper towels 供应纸巾的机器. (b) (law 律) administer (justice) in court 执行（法律）.  2 [Tn] prepare and give out (medicine, esp that prescribed by a doctor) 配（药）和发（药）（尤指按医生处方）: (Brit) a dispensing chemist 药剂师 * dispense a prescription, ie medicine that has been prescribed 按处方配药.  3 (phr v) dispense with sb/sth manage without sb/sth; get rid of sb/sth 用不着某人[某事物]; 摆脱某人[某事物]: He is not yet well enough to dispense with the pills. 他尚未痊愈, 仍需吃药. * Let's dispense with formalities! 咱们不必拘礼了. * Formalities were dispensed with, ie People could speak frankly or naturally. 免除了客套. * Automation has largely dispensed with the need for manual checking, ie made it unnecessary. 实行了自动化就在很大程度上不需要人工检验了.n  1 device from which towels, liquid soap, paper cups, etc may be obtained 自动售货机（出售毛巾、液体皂、纸杯等）: a cash dispenser 自动提款机.  2 person who dispenses medicine 配药者; 药剂师./dɪˈspɜːsl; dɪ`spɝsl/ n [U] action or process of dispersing 分散; 消散: They called for the peaceful dispersal of the demonstrators. 他们要求示威者和平解散./dɪˈspɜːs; dɪ`spɝs/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go in different directions; scatter; break up （使某人[某物]）散开; 消散; 驱散: The crowd dispersed (in all directions). 人群散开了. * The wind dispersed the clouds. 风把云吹散了./dɪˈspɜːʃn; <i>US</i> dɪˈspɜːrʒn; dɪ`spɝʒən/ n (a) [U] dispersal, esp of light 分散; 消散; （尤指光的）色散. (b) the Dispersion [sing] = the Diaspora./dɪˈspɪrɪt; dɪ`spɪrɪt/ v [Tn] discourage (sb); depress 使（某人）气馁; 使沮丧: She refused to be dispirited by her long illness. 她并未因长期患病而萎靡不振. Cf 参看 demoralize. adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: a dispirited air, look, expression, etc 心灰意懒的样子、神色、表情等. adv. adj: Our lack of progress is very dispiriting. 我们毫无进展真使人气馁./dɪsˈpleɪs; dɪs`ples/ v [Tn]  1 move (sb/sth) from the usual or correct place 使（某人[某物]）离开原位.  2 (fml 文) take the place of (sb/sth) 取代, 替代, 置换（某人[某物]）: Moderates have displaced the extremists on the committee. 在委员会中, 稳健派人士取代了激进派人士. * Weeds tend to displace other plants. 杂草越来越多, 有取代其他植物之势.(dated 旧) refugee 难民; 流亡者./dɪsˈpleɪsmənt; dɪs`plesmənt/ n  1 [U] displacing or being displaced 移位; 取代.  2 [C] (nautical 海) weight of water displaced by a ship floating in it, used as a measure of the ship's size 排水量: a ship with a displacement of 10000 tons 排水量为10000吨的船只./dɪˈspleɪ; dɪ`sple/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb)  1 put sth on show 展示、表露或陈列某事物: display a notice, goods for sale, one's anger, one's wealth 张贴布告、陈列商品、表现自己的愤怒、炫　自己的财富 * It's the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. 这是该画首次公开展出.  2 show signs of having (a quality or an emotion, etc) 显示, 显露（某特性或情绪等）: display one's ignorance, arrogance, fear, etc 显示出愚昧无知、狂妄自大、胆小怕事等 * Her writing displays natural talent. 她写的作品显示出她天赋极高.

/dɪˈspleɪ; dɪ`sple/ n  1 (a) act of displaying 展示; 表露; 陈列; 显示; 显露: put on a firework display 施放烟火 * a display of karate, military might, courage, strength 空手道的表演、军事威力的炫耀、勇气的表现、力量的显示 * an appalling display of incompetence, prejudice, greed 极其无能、偏颇、贪婪的表现. (b) goods, works of art, etc being displayed 陈列的货物、艺术品等: The displays in Harrods are one of the sights in London. 哈罗德百货公司的陈列品是伦敦一景. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration.  2 (computing 计) words, pictures, etc shown on a visual display unit 荧屏上显示的词语、画面等.  3 (idm 习语) on display being displayed 被展示; 被陈列: A collection of photographs was on display in the hall. 大厅里展出了一辑照片. * put sth on display, ie display it 展出某物./dɪsˈpliːz; dɪs`pliz/ v [Tn] make (sb) feel upset or angry; annoy 惹恼, 触怒（某人）; 使生气: He'd do anything rather than displease his parents. 他无论如何也不会惹父母生气. * Her insolence greatly displeased the judge. 她傲慢无礼, 大大地触怒了法官. adj ~ (with sb/sth): He was rather displeased with his friends (for not having phoned to say they were coming). 他对朋友的做法有些不快（因为他们没有打电话告知要来）. * Many voters are displeased with the government's policies. 许多选民不满政府的政策. adj ~ (to sb/sth): Modern music can at first seem displeasing to the ear. 现代音乐乍听起来可能让人很不舒服. * a displeasing habit (of talking too much) 令人厌烦的（唠叨）习惯. adv./dɪsˈpleʒə(r); dɪs`plɛʒɚ/ n [U] displeased feeling; dissatisfaction 不悦; 不满: His rash outburst incurred the displeasure of the judge. 他勃然大怒使法官不悦. * express one's displeasure at sth 对某事物表示不满./dɪˈspɔːt; dɪ`spɔrt/ v [Tn] ~ oneself (fml or joc 文或谑) amuse oneself energetically 欢娱; 取乐: children disporting themselves like puppies on the beach 像一群小狗似的在海滩上嬉戏的儿童./dɪˈspəʊzəbl; dɪ`spozəbl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 made to be thrown away after use 用完即可丢弃的; 一次性的: disposable razors, nappies, syringes, plates 一次性的剃刀、尿片、注射器、盘子.  2 (finance 财) available for use 可动用的: disposable assets, capital, resources, etc 可支配的资产、资本、资源等 * disposable income, ie that one can spend oneself after paying one's income tax, social security contributions, etc 可支配收入（缴纳所得税、社会福利金等之後自己可以动用的部分）./dɪˈspəʊzl; dɪ`spozl/ n  1 [U] action of getting rid of sth 清除; 处理; 处置: The safe disposal of nuclear waste is a major problem. 安全处置核废料是个大问题. * a bomb disposal squad 炸弹处理小组.  2 (idm 习语) at one's/sb's disposal available for one/sb to use as one wishes 供任意使用; 可自行支配: Students have a well-stocked library at their disposal. 学生有个藏书丰富的图书馆, 非常方便. * The firm put a secretary at my disposal. 公司给我配备了一名秘书./dɪˈspəʊz; dɪ`spoz/ v  1 [Tn] (fml 文) place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrange 安排, 编排（某人[某事物]）; 布置: troops disposed in battle formation 编成战斗队形的军队 * dispose the chairs/singers in a semi-circle 把椅子[唱歌的人]排成半圆形.  2 [Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) willing or ready to do sth 使（某人）愿意做某事物: His criminal record does not dispose me to trust him. 他有前科, 我不能轻易相信他.  3 (phr v) dispose of sb/sth (a) get rid of sb/sth that one does not want or cannot keep 去除、处理、舍弃某人[某物]: a better way of disposing of household waste 清除家中垃圾的好办法 * He was forced to dispose of (ie sell) his art treasures. 他被迫处理（卖）掉了自己的艺术珍藏. * All the furniture has been disposed of. 所有的家具都已处理掉了. (b) deal or finish with sb/sth that presents a problem 应付、解决、了结某人[某事物]: She disposed of the champion in straight sets. 她一盘未输战胜了冠军. * The president ruthlessly disposed of his rivals, eg dismissed them, had them killed. 这位总统无情地除掉了政敌（如将他们撤职或杀害）. * Their objections were easily disposed of, ie successfully argued against. 他们的反对言论很容易就被驳倒了. (c) (no passive 不用于被动语态) (fml 文) have sb/sth available for use 随时可使用或支配某人[某事物]: dispose of considerable wealth, power, influence, etc 随时可支配可观的财富、行使很大的权力、施加很大的影响./dɪˈspəʊzd; dɪ`spozd/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 ~ (to do sth) wanting or prepared to do sth 想（做某事）; 准备（做某事）: I'm not disposed to meet them at the moment. 我不打算在此刻会见他们. * You're most welcome to join us if you feel so disposed. 你若有意参加, 我们无任欢迎.  2 (following an adv 用于副词之後) ~ towards sb/sth inclined to think that sb/sth is/is not good or worthwhile 认为某人[某事物]好[不好]或有价值[无价值]: well/ill disposed towards sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有好感[无好感] * She's favourably disposed towards new ideas. 她对新思想持赞同的态度./ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn; ˌdɪspə`zɪʃən/ n [sing]  1 person's natural qualities of mind and character 性情; 性格: a calm, irritable, cheerful, boastful, etc disposition 沉静、易怒、开朗、自负等的性格.  2 ~ to sth/to do sth (fml 文) inclination; tendency 意向; 倾向: a disposition to jealousy/to be jealous 爱忌妒 * There was a general disposition to ignore the problem. 人们一般都忽视了这个问题.  3 arrangement; placing 安排; 布置: A defector revealed the disposition of the enemy fleet. 有一名叛变者透露了敌方舰队的部署./ˌdɪspəˈzes; ˌdɪspə`zɛs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) take away property, land, a house, etc from sb 夺走（某人的财产、土地、房屋等）: The nobles were dispossessed (of their estates) after the revolution. 革命後剥夺了贵族们的地产./ˌdɪspəˈzeʃn; ˌdɪspə`zɛʃən/ n [U]./dɪsˈpruːf; dɪs`pruf/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] disproving 反证明. (b) [C] thing that disproves 反证物./ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃn; ˌdɪsprə`pɔrʃən/ n [C, U] ~ (between sth and sth) (instance of) being out of proportion 不均衡; 不相称; 不成比例: disproportion in age, size, weight, importance 年龄上的不相称、尺寸上的不匀称、重量上的不均衡、重要性上的不相等 * the disproportion between her salary and her responsibilities 她薪金与职责的不相称./ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃənət; ˌdɪsprə`pɔrʃənɪt/ adj relatively too large or small, etc; out of proportion过大或过小的; 不成比例的: You spend a disproportionateamount of your time on sport. 你在运动方面花费的时间过多. disproportionately adv: Babies often seem to have disproportionately large heads. 婴儿往往显得头部过大./ˌdɪsˈpruːv; dɪs`pruv/ v [Tn] show that (sth) iswrong or false 证明（某事物）有误或有假: The allegationshave been completely disproved. 这些指控证明完全是无中生有./dɪˈspjuːtəbl; dɪ`spjutəbl/ adj that may be questioned or argued about 成问题的; 有争议的: He made some very disputable claims about his record. 他声称创造了新纪录, 那可大有争议. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./dɪˈspjuːtənt, also ˈdɪspjʊtənt; `dɪspjᴜtənt/ n (law or fml 律或文) person who disputes 争论者; 辩论者./ˌdɪspjuːˈteɪʃn; ˌdɪspjᴜ`teʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 [C, U] (instance of) disputing; controversy 争论; 辩论.  2 [C] (arch 古) formal academic debate 学术讨论./ˌdɪspjuːˈteɪʃəs; ˌdɪspjᴜ`teʃəs/ adj (fml 文) fond of arguing; inclined to argue 爱争论的; 好辩的. adv./dɪˈspjuːt; dɪ`spjut/ n  1 [U] argument; debate 争论; 辩论: There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion. 堕胎合法化问题引起了许多争论. * It is a matter of dispute (whether they did the right thing). （他们做得对还是不对,）这是有争议之处. * Their conclusions are open to dispute. 他们的结论可供商榷.  2 [C] quarrel; controversy 争吵; 争论; 辩论: religious, political, industrial, etc disputes 宗教上的争论、政治上的辩论、劳资纠纷 * a border dispute that could easily become a war 容易引发战争的边界争端.  3 (idm 习语) beyond/past di`spute certain 无可争辩的; 确定无疑的: Her courage is beyond all dispute. 她的勇气是无可置疑的. in di`spute that can be or is being argued about 可以争论; 在争议中: The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute. 事故的真正起因仍有争议. * Your sincerity is not in dispute. 你的诚恳是无可置辩的. in dispute (with sb) involved in a (usu industrial) dispute 涉及（通常为劳资关系上的）纠纷: We're in dispute (with the management) about overtime rates. 我们正（与资方）交涉加班费问题. without di`spute certainly 毫无疑义; 无争论余地: He is without dispute the better player. 他无疑是较优秀的选手.

/dɪˈspjuːt; dɪ`spjut/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) argue; debate 争论; 辩论: Some people love to dispute (with everyone). 有些人好（与人）争论.  2 (a) [Tn, Tw] argue about (sth) 争论（某事物）: They disputed at great length what they should do. 他们对应该做什么这一问题进行了长时间的争论. (b) [Tn] question the truth or validity of (sth) 对（某事物）的真实性或有效性提出质询: dispute a statement, claim, decision, etc 对某项陈述、要求、决定等提出质疑 * The election result was disputed. 有人对选举的结果提出了异议.  3 [Tn] try to stop sb winning (sth) from one; fight for (sth) 捍卫（某事物）; 争夺（某物）: Our soldiers disputed every inch of ground. 我方战士寸土必争./dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌdɪskwɑləfə`keʃən/ n [C, U]: (a) disqualification for driving while drunk 因酒後驾驶而被吊销执照./dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ; dɪs`kwɑləˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth, usu because he has broken a rule or is not able enough 制止某人做某事（通常因其违反规则或能力不够）: Her criminal record disqualifies her from serving on a jury. 她有犯罪前科所以不能当陪审员. * She was disqualified in the first round. 她在第一局里就被淘汰了. * The team has been disqualified from the competition. 该队已被取消参赛资格. /dɪsˈkwaɪət; dɪs`kwaɪət/ n [U] anxiety 忧虑; 不安: The strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the Stock Exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sb) anxious; worry 使（某人）忧虑不安; 使着急; 使担心: be greatly disquieted by the fall in public support 因公众支持率的下降而大为不安. disquieting adj causing disquiet 令人不安的; 令人忧虑的: disquieting news 令人不安的消息. disquietingly adv: a disquietingly large number of accidents 事故之多令人忧虑./ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃn; ˌdɪskwə`zɪʃən/ n ~ (on sth) long elaborate spoken or written report or account （悉心作出的）长篇演讲或论文./ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑːd; ˌdɪsrɪ`ˇɑrd/ v [Tn] pay no attention to (eg a warning, an objection); treat (sth) as of no importance; ignore 不理会（如警告、反对意见）; 不重视（某事物）; 忽视: He completely disregarded my point of view. 他完全不理会我的观点. * You can't just disregard the security problem! 你可不能忽视安全问题!

n [U sing] ~ (for/of sb/sth) lack of attention or care 未加注意或留心; 忽视; 漠视: She shows a total disregard for other people and their feelings. 她显然丝毫也不顾及别人以及别人的感情. * fire-fighters working with a complete disregard of their own safety 奋不顾身的消防队员./ˌdɪsrɪˈpeə(r); ˌdɪsrɪ`pɛr/ n [U] bad condition caused by lack of repairs 失修; 破损: be in/fall into (a state of) disrepair 需要修理./dɪsˈrepjʊtəbl; dɪs`rɛpjətəbl/ adj (a) having a bad reputation 名声不好的; 不光彩的: Soho is one of London's more disreputable areas. 索霍区是伦敦名声较差的街区. (b) not respectable or looking respectable不体面的; 不雅观的: a disreputable suit, manner, appearance有失体面的服装、举止、外表 * I've been accused of using disreputable methods to get what I want. 我被指控采取不正当的手段以谋取私利. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt; ˌdɪsrɪ`pjut/ n [U] state of having a bad reputation 名声不好; 不光彩: The use of drugs is bringing the sport into disrepute. 因有人服食禁药, 这项运动蒙受了耻辱. * Since the scandal, the school has rather fallen into disrepute. 自从发生了这件丑闻, 该校名声大为下降./ˌdɪsrɪˈspekt; ˌdɪsrɪ`spɛkt/ n [U] ~ (to/towards sb/sth) lack of respect; rudeness 不尊敬; 无礼: He meant no disrespect by that remark, ie did not mean to be rude. 他的话并无不敬之意. * No disrespect (to you), but I think you are wrong. 我（对你）没有别的意思, 只不过认为你错了./-fl; -fəl/ adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing disrespect 无礼的; 不尊敬的: We often criticize the Government, but we're never disrespectful towards the Royal Family. 我们经常抨击政府, 但对皇室从无不敬之意. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./dɪsˈrəʊb; dɪs`rob/ v [I] (a) (fml or joc 文或谑) undress 脱衣服. (b) take official or ceremonial robes off 脱去制服或礼服: The Queen disrobed after the ceremony. 女王在仪式过後脱去了王袍./dɪsˈrʌpt; dɪs`rʌpt/ v [Tn] cause disorder in (sth) 将（某事物）弄乱; 扰乱（某事物）: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting. 示威者扰乱了会议. * Fog disrupted traffic. 大雾使交通陷于混乱./dɪsˈrʌpʃn; dɪs`rʌpʃən/ n [C, U]: violent disruption caused by rioters 暴徒们造成的大动乱 * disruptions of our production schedule 我们的生产计划之被打乱./dɪsˈrʌptɪv; dɪs`rʌptɪv/ adj causing disruption 制造混乱的: A few disruptive students can easily ruin a class. 只要有几个爱捣乱的学生, 就能把全班搅乱. disruptively adv: act, behave, etc disruptively 存心捣乱./ˌdɪˌsætɪsˈfækʃn; ˌdɪssætɪs`fækʃən/ n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) lack of satisfaction 不满意; 不满足: Letters from viewers express their dissatisfaction with current programmes. 电视观众来信表示对当前节目不满. * MPs voice public dissatisfaction at having to pay higher taxes. 下议院议员道出了公众对增加税收的不满./dɪˈsætɪsfaɪd; dɪs`sætɪsˌfaɪd/ adj ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) not satisfied; discontented 不满意的; 不满足的: a dissatisfied customer 感到不满意的顾客 * I'm thoroughly dissatisfied with your work. 我完全不满意你的工作. * She's very dissatisfied at not getting a bonus. 她因未能获得奖金而深为不满./dɪˈsekt; dɪ`sɛkt/ v [Tn]  1 cut up (a dead body, a plant, etc) in order to study its structure 解剖（动植物等）.  2 (fig 比喻) examine (a theory, an event, etc) in great detail 剖析（理论、事件等）: Commentators are still dissecting the election results. 评论家仍在剖析此次选举的结果. * The film has been minutely dissected by the critics. 影评家对这部影片作了详细的分析./dɪˈsekʃn; dɪ`sɛkʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) dissecting or being dissected 解剖; 剖析: Her first dissection made her change her mind about becoming a doctor. 她进行了首次解剖後就改变了要当医生的想法./dɪˈsembl; dɪ`sɛmbl/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); dissimulate 掩盖（真实的思想感情）; 假装: dissemble one's intentions, meaning, motives, etc 掩盖自己的意图、意思、动机等./dɪˈsemblə(r); dɪ`sɛmblɚ/ n (fml 文) person who dissembles 隐藏自己真实思想感情的人./dɪˈsemɪneɪt; dɪ`sɛməˌnet/ v [Tn] spread (ideas, beliefs, etc) widely 散布, 广为传播（思想、信仰等）: They use the press to disseminate right-wing views. 他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点. /dɪˌsemɪˈneɪʃn; dɪˌsɛmə`neʃən/ n [U]./dɪˈsenʃn; dɪ`sɛnʃən/ n [U, C] angry disagreement 争执: deal with dissension in the party 处理党内斗争 * Father's will caused much dissension among his children. 父亲的遗嘱引起了子女之间的纷争./dɪˈsent; dɪ`sɛnt/ n [U] holding opinions which differ from common or officially held ones 持有异议（不同于普通的或官方的见解）: their public dissent from official party policy 他们对党的官方政策公然表示异议的观点 * In those days, religious dissent was not tolerated. 那年头不容许对宗教信仰持异议.

/dɪˈsent; dɪ`sɛnt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) have or express opinions which are opposed to official views, religious teaching, etc 持异议（与官方观点、宗教教义等相反的见解）; 不同意; 反对: I wish to dissent (from the motion). 我不同意（该动议）. * Those who dissented from Anglican teachings could be heavily fined. 反对英国国教教义的人在过去可判巨额罚款.n (a) person who dissents 持异议者; 不同意者; 反对者. (b) Dissenter Protestant who refuses to accept the doctrines of the Church of England （不赞成英国国教教义的）新教徒: Presbyterians and other Dissenters 长老会教友及其他新教徒.adj [attrib 作定语]: a dissenting voice, opinion, vote, etc 反对的呼声、异议、反对票 * a dissenting minister, ie in a church that refuses to accept Anglican doctrine 不赞成英国国教教义的牧师. Cf 参看 nonconformist./ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn; ˌdɪsɚ`teʃən/ n [C] ~ (on sth) long essay on a particular subject, esp one written for a doctorate or similar degree; thesis 专题论文; （尤指）博士学位之类的论文: a dissertation on Arabic dialects 论述阿拉伯语方言的论文./dɪsˈsɜːvɪs; dɪs`sɝvɪs/ n ~ (to sb/sth) [C, U] harmful or unhelpful action 损害; 危害; 伤害: She did her cause (a) great disservice by concealing the truth. 她隐瞒了真相, 这对她所参与的事业极为不利./ˈdɪsɪdəns;`dɪsədəns/ n [U]./ˈdɪsɪdənt; `dɪsədənt/ n person who strongly disagrees with or opposes official views and policies 持不同政见者: left-wing dissidents 左翼持不同政见者 * [attrib 作定语] dissident groups, writings, opinions 持不同政见者的组织、著作、观点./dɪˈsɪmɪlə(r); dɪ`sɪməlɚ/ adj ~ (from/tosb/sth) not the same; unlike 不相同的; 不相似的: These wines are not dissimilar, ie quite similar. 这些酒都差不多. * Her latest book is quite dissimilar from her previous one. 她新近写的这本书跟她以前写的截然不同. /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈlærətɪ; dɪˌsɪmə`lærətɪ/ n [C, U]: They correct any dissimilarity between batches of work. 他们改正各批活儿不统一之处. adv./dɪˈsɪmjʊleɪt; dɪ`sɪmjəˌlet/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) hide or disguise (one's thoughts and feelings); dissemble 隐藏, 掩盖（思想感情）; 假装. /dɪˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃn; dɪˌsɪmjə`leʃən/ n [U, C]./ˈdɪsɪpeɪt; `dɪsəˌpet/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) scatter or vanish （使某事物）消散, 消失: The mist quickly dissipated as the sun rose. 太阳升起时雾很快就消散了. * Her son's letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety. 她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑.  2 [Tn] waste (time, money, etc) foolishly 浪费（时间、金钱等）: dissipate one's efforts, energies, fortune 浪费自己的精力、体力、财产.adj (derog 贬) given to foolish and harmful pleasures 放荡的; 浪荡的: lead a thoroughly dissipated life 过极为放荡的生活./ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃn; ˌdɪsə`peʃən/ n [U]  1 dissipating or being dissipated 驱散; 消散; 浪费.  2 dissipated living 放荡的生活: Years of dissipation had ruined his health. 多年的放荡生活毁掉了他的健康./dɪˈsəʊʃɪeɪt; dɪ`soʃɪˌet/ (also disassociate / 9dIsE5sEUFIeIt; 9dIsE`soFI9Et/) v [Tn.pr]  1 ~ sb/sth from sth separate (people or things) in one's thoughts or feelings （在思想或感情方面）将（人或事物）分开: dissociate two ideas/one idea from another 把两个概念[一个概念与另一个概念]分开 * You cannot dissociate the Government's actions from the policies which underlie them. 不能把政府的措施同作为其根据的政策割裂开. 2 ~ oneself from sb/sth say that one does not agree with or support sb/sth 声言不赞成或不支持某人[某事物]: I wish to dissociate myself from those views. 我想表明我本人是不赞成那些观点的. /dɪˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃn; dɪˌsosɪ`eʃən/ (also disassociation) n [U]./dɪˌsɒljʊˈbɪlətɪ; dɪˌsɑljə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./dɪˈsɒljʊbl; dɪ`sɑljəbl/ adj that can be dissolved 可溶解的: (fig 比喻) Is a marriage dissoluble? ie Can it be ended? 婚约能解除吗? /ˈdɪsəluːt; `dɪsəˌlut/ adj immoral; dissipated 道德沦丧的; 放荡的: lead a dissolute life 过放荡的生活 * a dissolute and worthless character 行为放荡一无是处的人. adv. n [U]./ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn; ˌdɪsə`luʃən/ n [C, U] ~ (of sth) breaking up (of sth); dissolving 破裂; 瓦解; 解体; 分解; 溶解: the dissolution of a marriage, a business partnership, the Roman Empire 婚姻关系的解除、商业合伙关系的终止、罗马帝国的解体 * the dissolution of Parliament, ie the ending of the current session by the monarch before a general election 议会的解散（普选前君主解散本届议会）./dɪˈzɒlv; dɪ`zɑlv/ v  1 (a) [Tn] (of a liquid) make (a solid) become liquid （指液体）使（固体）溶解: Water dissolves salt. 水能溶解盐. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (of a solid) become part of a liquid （指固体）溶解: Salt dissolves in water. 盐在水中溶解. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) cause (a solid) to dissolve 使（固体）溶解: Dissolve the salt in water. 使盐在水中溶解.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) remove or destroy (sth solid, esp dirt) 除去, 消除（某固体物质, 尤指脏物）: The cream dissolves facial hair. 这种化妆品能清除脸上的汗毛. * a powder that dissolves stains away 消除色斑的粉剂.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) disappear; fade away 消失; 消散: All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news. 那个极坏的消息使他的一切希望都破灭了. * The view dissolved in mist. 那景色在雾中消失了.  4 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）终止, 结束, 解除, 解散: Parliament dissolves tomorrow. 议会定于明日解散. * dissolve a business partnership, marriage, society, etc 结束商业合伙关系、解除婚姻关系、解散会社.  5 [Ipr] ~ in sth give way to emotion 情不自禁: dissolve in tears/laughter/giggles 不禁潸然泪下[哈哈大笑/咯咯地笑]./ˈdɪsənəns; `dɪsənəns/ n  1 [U] discord 不和谐; 不一致.  2 [C] (music 音) combination of notes that is discordant 不协和音./ˈdɪsənənt; `dɪsənənt/ adj not harmonious; discordant 不和谐的; 不一致的. adv./dɪˈsweɪd; dɪ`swed/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) (try to) stop sb by advice or persuasion （企图）劝阻某人: The police managed to dissuade him from jumping off the building. 警方已设法劝他不要从大楼上跳下来./dɪˈsweɪʒn; dɪ`sweʒən/ n [U]./dɪˈsweɪsɪv; dɪ`swesɪv/ adj dissuading 劝阻的./ˈdɪstɑːf; <i>US</i> ˈdɪstæf; `dɪstæf/ n  1 stick holding wool, flax, etc for spinning by hand （手工的）纺纱杆.  2 (idm 习语) on the distaff side on the mother's side of the family 母系的./ˈdɪstəns; `dɪstəns/ n  1 [C, U] (amount of) space between two points or places 距离; 间距: A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day. 自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里. * It's a great/some/no distance from here, ie very/fairly/not far away. 离此处很[相当/不]远. * a short, long, great, etc distance 短的、长的、很大的...距离 * In the USA distance is measured in miles, not kilometres. 在美国, 测量距离用英里, 不用公里. * The beach is within walking distance of my house, ie near enough to be reached easily on foot. 海滩离我家不远, 走几步就到了. * (fig 比喻) at a distance of fifty years 时隔五十年. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 [C, U] distant place or point 远处; 远方: At a distance of six miles you can't see much. 距离六英里以外的东西很难看清. * He won't hit the target at that distance. 他打不中那样远的目标的.  3 [U] being separated in space or by time （空间或时间的）相距: Distance is no problem with modern telecommunications. 在电信发达的今天, 相距遥远已不再是什么问题了.  4 [U] coldness or remoteness in personal relationships （人际关系的）冷淡, 疏远: Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness? 他态度冷淡是因为他势利眼呢, 还是因为他　腆?  5 (idm 习语) go the `distance (esp in sports) continue to run, fight, etc until the end of a contest （尤指运动）继续跑完全程、赛足全局等: Nobody thought he'd last 15 rounds, but he went the full distance. 没有人认为他会坚持15个回合, 然而他终于打满了全局. * You need perseverance to win in politics and I doubt if he can go the distance. 在政治上, 需要矢志不移才能取胜, 我怀疑他能否坚持到底. in the `distance far away 在远处; 在远方. keep one's `distance (from sb/sth) (a) not get too close (to sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）保持一定距离: I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you! 我要是你, 就离那条狗远一点! (b) not become friendly or familiar (with a person, cause, etc) （对人、事业等）冷淡, 疏远: He was asked many times to join the party, but he always kept his distance. 人家好几次要他参加那个政党, 但他的反应总是很冷淡. keep sb at a `distance refuse to let sb become familiar or friendly 与某人保持一定距离; 不愿与某人亲近. Cf 参看 the near distance (near1), the middle distance (middle).

/ˈdɪstəns; `dɪstəns/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) make sb less friendly or warm towards sb/sth 使某人与某人[某事物]保持距离、关系疏远或冷淡: That stupid quarrel has distanced us. 那一场无谓 的争吵使我们的关系疏远了. * Voters have been distanced from the party by adverse publicity. 选民受到反面宣传的影响, 对这个政党冷淡了.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself from sb/sth not approve of or become involved with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]保持距离; 对某人[某事物]持不赞同或不介入的态度: She needs to distance herself from some of her more extreme supporters. 她必须与拥护她的那些比较偏激的人保持一定的距离./ˈdɪstənt; `dɪstənt/ adj  1 (sometimes used with measurements 有时与测量单位连用) far away in space or time （空间或时间）远隔的, 遥远的: a distant land, cry, flash of light 遥远的地方、远处的叫声、远处的闪光 * the distant horizon, past 遥远的天际、过去 * The airport is about ten miles distant from the city. 机场距离城市大约十英里远.  2 (a) [attrib 作定语] (of people) not closely related （指人）远亲的: She is a distant cousin of mine. 她是我的远房表妹. (b) (of a connection, similarity, etc) not very strong or clear （指联结、相似性等）不太强的, 不明显的: There is a distant connection between the two theories. 这两种学说之间没有什么关联.  3 not very friendly; reserved 不太友好的; 不太热情的; 冷漠的: a distant nod, attitude, greeting, manner 不太热情的点头、态度、招呼、举止.  4 (idm 习语) dim and distant => dim. adv: We're distantly related. 我们是远亲. * His style distantly resembles that of Wilde. 他的文风与王尔德略微有些相似. * She smiled distantly at us. 她朝我们淡然地微笑./dɪsˈteɪst; dɪs`test/ n [U sing] ~ (for sb/sth) dislike; aversion 不喜欢; 厌恶: turn away in distaste 厌恶地走开 * a distaste for violent sports 不喜欢剧烈的运动./dɪsˈteɪstfl; dɪs`testfəl/ adj ~ (to sb) unpleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的; 不合意的; 讨厌的: distasteful behaviour 讨厌的行为 * a distasteful incident 使人不愉快的事儿 * Even the thought of her was distasteful to him. 他即使一想起她来, 都感到恶心. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. /dɪsˈteɪstfəlnɪs; dɪs`testfəlnɪs/ n [U]./dɪˈstempə(r); dɪs`tɛmpɚ/ n [U] (Brit) (old method of painting with) colouring matter mixed with water and brushed on walls, etc 刷墙水粉; 用刷墙水粉涂刷的一种旧方法.

v [Tn, Cn.a] paint (sth) with distemper 用刷墙水粉涂刷（某物）: distemper the walls green 用刷墙水粉把墙壁刷成绿色.

/dɪˈstempə(r); dɪs`tɛmpɚ/ n [U] disease of dogs and some other animals, with coughing and weakness 温热（狗和其他动物的疾病）./dɪˈstend; dɪ`stɛnd/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) swell by means of pressure from inside （使某物）膨胀: a distended intestine, stomach, vein, etc 膨胀的肠、胃、静脉等./dɪˈstenʃn; dɪ`stɛnʃən/ n [U] swelling or being swollen 膨胀; 胀大./dɪˈstɪl; dɪ`stɪl/ v (-ll-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (a) turn (a liquid) to vapour by heating, then collect the drops of liquid that condense from the vapour when cooled 蒸馏: distil fresh water from sea-water 用蒸馏法从海水中制取淡水. (b) make (spirits or essences) in this way 用蒸馏法制（酒或香精）: The Scots have distilled whisky for centuries. 苏格兰人用蒸馏法制威士忌酒已有数百年历史.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) draw or derive sth (from sth) 吸取或提取某事物: useful advice distilled from a lifetime's experience 从一生的经历中得出的有益的教训.  3 (phr v) distil sth off/out purify (a liquid) by turning it to vapour, etc 用蒸馏法对（液体）提纯: Sea-water can be made drinkable by distilling out the salt. 可以用蒸馏法除去海水中的盐分以制取饮用水./ˌdɪstɪˈleiʃn; ˌdɪstə`leʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (substance made by) distilling 蒸馏; 馏出液; 馏出物.  2 [C, U] reduction; essence 摘要; 精华: This book offers a distillation of Wittgenstein's thought in a mere fifty pages. 这本书在不过五十页的篇幅里向人们提供了维特根斯坦思想的精髓./dɪˈstɪlə(r); dɪ`stɪlɚ/ n person or company that distils (esp whisky, etc) 采用蒸馏法（尤指制威士忌酒等）的业者或公司; 酿酒者; 酿酒厂/dɪˈstɪlərɪ; dɪ`stɪlərɪ/ n place where gin, whisky, etc are distilled （制造杜松子酒、威士忌酒等的）蒸馏所, 制酒厂. Cf 参看 brewery (brew)./dɪˈstɪŋkt; dɪ`stɪŋkt/ adj  1 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的; 清晰的; 明显的; 明白的; 明确的: The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的. * I had the distinct impression that I was being watched. 我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我. * There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉.  2 ~ (from sth) different in kind; separate 种类不同的; 分开的: Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct. 尽管这些植物看起来很相似, 实际上却属于完全不同的种类. * Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同. * Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science. 天文学是一门严谨的科学, 与占星术完全不同./dɪˈstɪŋkʃn; dɪ`stɪŋkʃən/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast between one person or thing and another 差别; 对比: He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. 他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来. * I don't understand your distinction: surely all painting is art? 我不明白你为什么要有所区分, 所有的绘画不都是艺术吗?  2 (fml 文) (a) [U] separation of things or people into different groups according to quality, grade, etc （事物或人按其质量、品质、等级等的）区分: without distinction (ie regardless) of rank 不分级别. (b) [C] detail that separates in this way （按此方式划分的）类别, 等级: distinctions of birth and wealth 按出身和财富划分的类别.  3 [C] mark of honour; title, decoration, etc 荣誉的标志; 荣衔、勋章等: an academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree 学术上的荣衔（如博士学位） * win a distinction for bravery 因表现英勇而获得勋章.  4 [U] quality of being excellent or distinguished 优秀; 卓越: a writer, novel, work of distinction 优秀的作家、小说、作品 * She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. 她卓尔不群, 因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子./dɪˈstɪŋktɪv; dɪ`stɪŋktɪv/ adj ~ (of sth) that distinguishes sth by making it different from others 特别的; 有特色的: a distinctive appearance, style, smell 特殊的外表、风格、气味 * Long complex sentences are distinctive of Henry James's later style. 亨利·詹姆斯晚期作品的风格特色是擅长使用长复合句. adv: distinctively coloured 有特殊色彩的. n [U].adv in a distinct manner; clearly 清楚地; 明显地: But I distinctly remember you promising to phone me! 可我记得清清楚楚你是答应了要给我打电话!n [U]./dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ; dɪ`stɪŋˇwɪʃ/ v  1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between) A and B; ~ A from B recognize the difference between (people or things) 区别, 辨别（人或事物）: People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲. * The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生儿长得很像, 无人能分辨出谁是谁.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) (a) show the difference between (one person or thing and another) 显示（两者）之间的差别: The male is distinguished (from the female) by its red beak. 由喙部为红色这一特点可以辨认出其为雄性（以区别于雌性）. (b) be a characteristic mark or property of sb/sth; make sb/sth different 为某人[某事物]之特徵或特性; 使某人[某事物]有所不同: Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals. 使用言语是人类有别于动物的特徵.  3 [Tn] manage to see, hear, etc (sth) 看清、听清...（某事物）: distinguish distant objects, a shape in the mist, a whispered conversation 辨别出远处的物体、雾中的朦胧形象、窃窃私语声.  4 [Tn] ~ oneself deserve to be noticed by doing sth very well （因善于做某事）受人注目, 出名: She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. 她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道./dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbl; dɪ`stɪŋˇwɪʃəbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sb/sth): The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist. 在雾中很难看清海岸. * Vipers are distinguishable from other snakes by their markings. 根据蛇身上的斑纹就能把蝮蛇同其他蛇类区别开来.adj  1 dignified in appearance or manner （外表或举止上）有尊严的, 高贵的: I think grey hair makes you look rather distinguished. 我觉得你灰白的头发使你看上去很有尊严.  2 showing remarkable qualities 卓越的; 杰出的: a distinguished career 非凡的事业 * She is a distinguished novelist and philosopher. 她是一个杰出的小说家和哲学家./dɪˈstɔːt; dɪs`tɔrt/ v [Tn]  1 pull or twist (sth) out of its usual shape 使（某物）变形; 扭曲, 弄歪（某物）: a heap of distorted metal 一堆变了形的金属东西 * a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸.  2 make (sth) look or sound unnatural 使（某物）失真: a distorting mirror, ie one which makes people look long and thin, short and fat, etc 哈哈镜 * The announcement was so distorted that I couldn't understand what was said. 通告播出的声音严重失真, 我听不懂说的是什么.  3 give a false account of (sth); misrepresent 歪曲（某事物）; 曲解: distort sb's words, motives, point of view, etc 歪曲某人的言语、动机、观点等 * The Government were accused of having systematically distorted the protesters' case. 政府有计划地歪曲抗议者的观点而受到非难./dɪˈstɔːʃn; dɪs`tɔrʃən/ n [C, U] (instance of) distorting or being distorted 变形; 扭曲; 歪曲; 曲解: a distortion of the facts 对事实的歪曲./dɪˈstrækt; dɪ`strækt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) stop sb concentrating on sth 使某人分心; 分散或扰乱某人的注意力: Children are so easily distracted. 儿童的注意力很不容易集中. * Don't distract my attention  I'm trying to study! 别分散我的注意力--我正要学习呢! * The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while. 这部影片分散了我的注意力, 让我暂时忘记了这些难题.adj ~ (with/by sth) unable to concentrate properly, esp because of one's strong feelings 精神不能集中的（尤指因激动）: distracted with joy, fear, sorrow, anxiety, etc 因高兴、恐惧、悲伤、忧虑等而精神不能集中. distractedly adv: He paced up and down distractedly. 他心烦意乱地踱来踱去.adj: a very distracting noise 很分散注意力的嘈杂声. adv./dɪˈstrækʃn; dɪ`strækʃən/ n  1 [U] distracting or being distracted 注意力分散; 精神不集中.  2 [C] noise, sight, etc that distracts the attention and prevents concentration 使人分心的事物（如噪声、景象等）: He found the noise of the photographers a distraction. 他觉得摄影师们的嘈杂声分散了他的注意力.  3 [C] thing or event that amuses or entertains 娱乐; 消遣: TV can be a welcome distraction after a hard day's work. 辛苦一天之後, 看看电视有时算是很美的消遣.  4 [U] state of mental distress （精神上的）痛苦; 心烦意乱.  5 (idm 习语) to di`straction almost to a state of madness 几乎到了疯狂的地步: He loves her to distraction. 他爱她爱得发狂. * You'll drive me to distraction with your silly questions! 你的那些傻问题简直要我的命!/dɪˈstreɪn; dɪ`stren/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (upon sb/sth) (law 律) seize a person's property or belongings to force him to pay what he owes (esp rent) 扣押某人之财物（以迫使其偿付债款, 尤指租金）.n [U] act or process of distraining 扣押财物./dɪˈstreɪ; dɪ`stre/ adj absent-minded; not paying attention 心不在焉的; 不注意的./dɪˈstrɔːt; dɪ`strɔt/ adj very troubled in mind with grief or worry 心烦意乱的; 忧心如焚的./dɪˈstres; dɪ`strɛs/ n  1 (a) [U, sing] (cause of) great pain, sorrow, suffering, etc 极大的痛苦、悲伤、苦难等（的缘由）: Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress. 马拉松赛接近终点时, 有些参赛者显出极难受的样子. * Her death was a great distress to all the family. 她去世後全家人极为悲痛. (b) [U] (suffering caused by) lack of money, food, etc 贫困; 困苦: The Government acted quickly to relieve the widespread distress caused by the earthquake. 地震造成广泛地区的灾难, 政府迅速采取行动赈济灾民.  2 [U] state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help 危难; 困境: a ship in di`stress 遇险的船 * [attrib 作定语] a di`stress signal/call/flag 呼救信号[求救呼叫/遇难信号旗].  3 (idm 习语) a damsel in distress => damsel. 

/dɪˈstres; dɪ`strɛs/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause distress to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）带来痛苦、悲伤、苦难、贫困、困苦、危难等: I was most distressed to hear the sad news of your father's death. 我听到你父亲去世的噩耗, 十分难过. * Please don't distress yourself, ie don't worry. 请你不要忧愁了./dɪˈstresfl; dɪ`strɛsfəl/ adj = distressing. adv.adj causing distress 使人痛苦的; 令人苦恼的: distressing news 使人难过的消息 * a distressing sight 令人伤感的情景. adv./dɪˈstrɪbjuːt; dɪ`strɪbjᴜt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sth (to/among sb/sth) separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing 分发、分配某事物: In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work-force. 在合作社中, 利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的. * The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-by. 示威者向行人分发传单.  2 spread (sth); scatter; place at different parts 使（某物）散开; 散布; 分散放置: Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed. 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位./ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn; ˌdɪstrə`bjuʃən/ n [C, U]  1 (instance of) giving or being given to each of several people, etc 分发; 分配; 分送: the distribution of catalogues, forms, prizes, etc 目录、表格、奖品等的分发.  2 (instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area 分布: the distribution of schools in this district 这个区里的学校分布情况 * Pines have a very wide distribution. 松树的分布很广./dɪˈstrɪbjʊtɪv; dɪ`strɪbjətɪv/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 concerned with distribution(2) 关于分布的: the distributive trades, eg transport, retailing, etc 经销业（如运送、零售等）.  2 (grammar) referring to each individual member of a class 分布的; 个别的: `Each', `every', `either' and `neither' are distributive pronouns. each every either neither都是分布代词. adv./dɪˈstrɪbjʊtə(r); dɪ`strɪbjətɚ/ n  1 person or thing that distributes, esp an agent who supplies goods to shops in a certain area 分发者; 分配者; （尤指）批发商.  2 device that passes electric current to the sparking-plugs in an engine 配电器; 配电盘./ˈdɪstrɪkt; `dɪstrɪkt/ n  1 part of a country or town having a particular quality 地区; 区域: mountainous, agricultural, outlying, poor, gloomy districts 山区、农业区域、边远地区、贫穷地区、黑暗地区 * the `Lake District （英格兰西北部的）湖区.  2 area of a country or town treated as an administrative unit 行政区: a `postal district 邮政区 * rural and urban districts, ie units of local government 乡区和市区（地方行政单位） * [attrib 作定语] district `councils 区议会.(US) (abbr 缩写 DA) public prosecutor representing a State or the Federal government in a judicial district （代表州政府或联邦政府在管区内执法的）地方检察官.(Brit dated 旧) nurse visiting patients in their homes 区域护士（在区域内登门服务者）./dɪsˈtrʌst; dɪs`trʌst/ n [U, sing] lack of trust; suspicion 不信任; 怀疑: Negotiations between unions and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust. 工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信任而愈加困难. * He has a distrust of strangers. 他不信任陌生人.

v [Tn] have no confidence or belief in (sb/sth) 不信任（某人[某事物]）: He's so suspicious he would distrust his own mother. 他这人疑心太重, 连自己的母亲也不相信./-fʊl; -fəl/ adj having or showing distrust; suspicious 不信任的; 猜疑的. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./dɪˈstɜːb; dɪ`stɝb/ v [Tn]  1 move (sth) from a settled or usual position or state 搅乱, 弄乱（某事物）: Don't disturb the papers on my desk. 别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了.  2 break the rest, concentration or calm of (sb/sth) 打扰, 干扰, 骚扰（某人[某事物]）: She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. 她轻轻地开门, 以免惊扰了睡着的孩子. * Exam in Progress  Do Not Disturb 正在考试--请勿打扰 * No sound disturbed the silence of the evening. 入夜时分, 万籁俱寂.  3 cause (sb) to worry 使（某人）烦恼或不安: disturbing developments, reports, symptoms 使人感到不安的事态发展、报道、症状.  4 (idm 习语) disturb the `peace (law 律) break the law by making too much noise, quarrelling or fighting publicly, etc 扰乱治安./dɪˈstɜːbəns; dɪs`tɝbəns/ n  1 (a) [U] disturbing or being disturbed 搅乱; 弄乱; 打扰; 干扰; 骚扰; 烦扰. (b) [sing] person or thing that disturbs 进行骚扰的人或事物: The teacher told him to leave as he was a disturbance to the other students. 因为他干扰了其他学生, 所以老师叫他出去.  2 [C] instance of social unrest; riot 社会动乱; 骚乱: violent disturbances in inner-city areas 发生在市中心区的激烈骚乱.  3 [U] (psychology 心) over-reaction to stress 对压力的过度反应; 困扰: suffer an emotional disturbance 情绪受到困扰.adj (psychology 心) over-reacting to stress 困扰: He is emotionally disturbed. 他情绪困扰./dɪsˈjuːnɪən; dɪs`junjən/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 separating or being separated 分离; 分裂.  2 disagreement 分歧; 不和./ˌdɪsjuːˈnaɪt; ˌdɪsju`naɪt/ v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become separate （使某人[某事物]）分离, 分裂./dɪsˈjuːnətɪ; dɪs`junɪtɪ/ n [U] lack of unity; disagreement 不统一; 不一致; 不和: There should be no disunity within our party. 我们党内不应该存有分歧./dɪsˈjuːs; dɪs`jus/ n [U] state of not being used 不用; 废弃: rusty from disuse 因弃置不用而生锈 * words that have fallen into disuse 废弃不用的词语./dɪsˈjuːzd; dɪs`juzd/ adj no longer used 不再使用的: a disused railway line 停止运营的铁路线./ˌdɪsɪˈlæbɪk, ˌdaɪsɪˈlæbɪk; ˌdɪsɪ`læbɪk,ˌdaɪsə`læbɪk/ (US dissyllabic / 9dIs-; 9dIs-/) adj consisting of two syllables 双音节的./dɪˈsɪləbl, daɪˈsɪləbl; dɪ`sɪləbl, daɪ`sɪləbl/ (US dissyllable / 9dIs-; 9dIs-/) n disyllabic word or metrical foot 双音节词; 双音节韵步. Cf 参看 monosyllable./dɪtʃ; dɪtʃ/ n  1 narrow channel dug at the edge of a field, road, etc, esp to hold or carry off water （田边、路边等挖掘的）沟（尤指用以蓄水或排水者）.  2 (idm 习语) dull as ditch-water => dull. the last ditch => last1.

v  1 [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) in the sea in an emergency 使（飞行器）在海上紧急降落; 迫降: A sudden engine failure forced the pilot to ditch (in the Irish Sea). 由于发动机突然出现故障, 飞行员不得不（在爱尔兰海上）紧急降落.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) abandon (sb/sth); get rid of 抛弃（某人[某事物]）; 摆脱: I hear she's ditched her boy-friend, ie stopped seeing him. 听说她把男朋友给甩了. * When the road became impassable, we had to ditch the car and walk. 道路无法通行时, 我们只好弃车步行.  3 [I] make or repair ditches 挖沟; 修沟: hedging and ditching 筑篱和挖沟./ˈdɪðə(r); `dɪðɚ/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) hesitate about what to do; be unable to decide 踌躇; 犹豫不决: Stop dithering about which film you want to see or you'll miss them both! 到底看哪一部影片, 别再犹豫了, 不然的话, 两部影片你都要耽误了!

n  1 [sing] state of dithering 犹豫: in a dither 在犹豫中.  2 (idm 习语) all of a `dither (infml 口) very confused and unable to decide 心慌意乱的; 茫然无措的. have the `dithers (infml 口) hesitate anxiously 张皇失措./ˈdɪtəʊ; `dɪto/ n (abbr 缩写 do) (used in lists to avoid repetition 用在表格中以避免重复) the same thing again 同上; 同前: 1 doz bottles white wine 2.25 a bottle; ditto red 3. 一打白葡萄酒, 每瓶2.25英镑; 同上数量的红葡萄酒, 每瓶3英镑.marks (") representing ditto used in lists, tables, bills, etc （"）表示｀同上＇或｀同前＇的符号（用于表格、目录、清单等中）./ˈdɪtɪ; `dɪtɪ/ n (often joc 常作戏谑语) short simple song 小曲; 小调./ˌdaɪjʊˈretɪk; ˌdaɪjᴜ`rɛtɪk/ n, adj (medical 医) (substance) causing an increase in the flow of urine 利尿剂; 利尿的: Coffee is a diuretic. 咖啡是一种利尿剂. * a diuretic drug 利尿药./daɪˈɜːnl; daɪ`ɝnl/ adj  1 (biology 生) of the daytime; not nocturnal 白天的; 白昼的: Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal. 这种蝙蝠与大多数蝙蝠不同, 是在日间活动的.  2 (astronomy 天) occupying one day 周日的: the diurnal movement of the planets 行星的周日运行. adv.abbr 缩写 = division(3b): Manchester United, League Div 1 曼彻斯特联队, 足球联赛甲组./dɪˈvn; <i>US</i> ˈdaɪvn; `daɪvæn/ n  1 long low couch without a back or arms （无靠背无扶手的）长沙发.  2 (also divan bed) low bed resembling this （像上述沙发的）矮床./daɪv; daɪv/ v (pt, pp dived; US also pt  dove/dEUv; dov/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (from/off sth) (into sth); ~ (off/in) go head first into water （头先入水）跳水: He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (for sth) (of a submarine, diver, etc) go under water or to a deeper level under water （指潜水艇、潜水员等）潜水: The whale dived as the harpoon struck it. 鲸鱼被鱼叉射中後潜入水中. * dive for pearls 潜水采珠.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an aircraft) go steeply downwards （指飞行器）急剧俯冲.  4 [Ipr] ~ into, under, etc sth move quickly in a specified direction 向某方向冲去或奔去: dive under the bed 很快钻到床底下 * When the rain started, we dived into a cafe. 雨下了起来, 我们立即跑进了一家小餐馆.  5 (phr v) dive for sth move quickly towards or in search of sth 扑向某物; 急W: dive for the phone, the gun, etc 急忙过去拿听筒、枪等 * We dived for cover when the storm started. 暴风雨来临时, 我们急忙寻找躲避的地方. dive into sth/in (fml 文) (a) move one's hand quickly into sth 迅速将手伸入某物中: dive into one's pocket, briefcase, etc 立即把手伸进衣袋、公事包等. (b) involve oneself completely in sth 一心投入某事物: dive into a new project 潜心钻研一个新项目.

/daɪv; daɪv/ n  1 act of diving 跳水或潜水的动作; 俯冲: The goalkeeper made a spectacular dive to save the goal. 守门员做了一个精彩的鱼跃动作救回一球.  2 (infml 口) disreputable bar, gambling club, etc 低级酒馆、赌场等: a low dive 下等酒吧.v [I, Tn] (of an aeroplane, a pilot, etc) drop bombs on (sth) after having dived steeply downwards （指飞机、飞行员等）俯冲轰炸. n aircraft designed to do this 俯冲轰炸机.n person who dives, esp one who works under water using a diving-suit 潜水者; （尤指）潜水员./daɪˈvɜːdʒ; daɪ`vɝdʒ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (a) (of lines, roads, etc) separate and go in different directions, becoming further apart （指线条、道路等）分叉, 岔开: The M6 diverges from the M1 just north of Rugby. 6号高速公路与1号高速公路在拉格比市以北处岔开. * (fig 比喻) Until their paths diverged Lennon and McCartney wrote many hits together. 伦农和麦卡特尼在分道扬镳之前一同写过许多成功之作. =>illus at converge 见converge之插图. (b) (fml 文) (of opinions, etc) differ （指意见等）分歧: Our views diverged so greatly that it was impossible to agree. 我们的观点存在着严重的分歧, 绝无调和余地.  2 [Ipr] ~ from sth turn away from (a plan, standard, etc) 偏离（计划、标准等）: diverge from the truth, norm, usual procedure 不符合事实、规范、一般程序. Cf 参看 converge. /daɪˈvɜːdʒəns; daɪ`vɝdʒəns/ (also divergency / -dVEnsI; -dVEnsI/) n [C, U]. /-dʒənt; -dʒənt/ adj: divergent paths, opinions 岔路、歧见./ˈdaɪvəz; `daɪvɚz/ adj (arch 古) various; several 各种各样的; 好几个的./daɪˈvɜːs; daɪ`vɝs/ adj of different kinds; varied 多种多样的; 不同的: people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 * Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛./daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; daɪˌvɝsəfə`keʃən/ n [U, C]./daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ; daɪ`vɝsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn] give variety to (sth); vary 使（某事物）多样化; 使不同: diversify one's skills, interests, etc 培养自己多方面的技能、兴趣等 * We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students. 我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化, 可以多吸引学生.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (commerce 商) (esp of a business) vary the range of products, investments, etc in order to reduce risk or expand operations （尤指企业）从事多种经营, 多元化: The choice facing the company is simple: diversify or go bankrupt. 摆在公司面前的道路不难选择: 要么进行多种经营, 要么破产. * Some publishers are now diversifying into software. 有些出版社目前正兼营软件. /daɪˈvɜːʃn; <i>US</i> daɪˈvɜːrʒn; daɪ`vɝʒən/ n  1 (a) [U] action of turning sth aside or changing its direction 偏离; 转向: the diversion of a stream, one's thoughts 河流的改道、思想的转变 * the diversion of flights because of fog 由于有雾而造成的班机航向偏离. (b) [C] instance of this 偏离; 转向.  2 [C] (esp Brit) (US detour) alternative route for use by traffic when the usual road is temporarily closed （道路禁止通行时的）临时绕行路: Sorry I'm late  there was a diversion. 对不起, 我迟到了--因为改道的缘故.  3 [C] entertaining activity, esp one that turns the attention from work, study, etc 消遣, 娱乐（尤指使注意力从工作、学习等中转移开者）: the diversions of city life 城市生活中的各种消遣 * It's difficult to concentrate when there are so many diversions. 娱乐活动多了就很难集中精神.  4 [C] thing designed to draw attention away from sth one does not want to be noticed 用以转移视线的事物; 为转移注意力而制造的假象: One of the gang created a diversion in the street while the others robbed the bank. 一名匪徒在街上制造事端引人注目, 其余匪徒则抢劫银行. /daɪˈvɜːʃənərɪ; ʊɔ̃ daɪˈvɜːrʒənerɪ; daɪ`vɝʒənˌɛrɪ/ adj: diversionary action, tactics, raids, etc 牵制性的行动、战术、突袭等./daɪˈvɜːsətɪ; daɪ`vɝsətɪ/ n [U, sing] state of being varied; variety 多种多样; 多样性: a wide diversity of opinion 看法上的众说纷纭./daɪˈvɜːt; daɪ`vɝt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) turn sb/sth from one course to another 转移某人的注意力; 使某事物转向: divert traffic (from one road to another) 使车辆绕道行驶 * divert a ship (from its course) 使船只转变航向 * divert sb's attention, thoughts, energies, etc 将某人的注意力、思想、精力等转移到别处.  2 [Tn] entertain or amuse (sb) 使（某人）得到消遣或娱乐: Children are easily diverted. 孩子们有娱乐就很高兴.adj entertaining 可资消遣的; 娱乐的; 有趣的. adv./daɪˈvest; daɪ`vɛst/ v [Tn.pr] (fml 文)  1 ~ sb of sth take off (sb's clothes) 脱去（某人的衣服）: divest a queen of her robes 为女王脱去王袍.  2 ~ sb of sth take away (sb's power, rights, responsibility, etc) 解除（某人的权力、权利、责任等）: The disgraced official was divested of all authority. 该失势官员失去了一切权力.  3 ~ oneself of sth rid oneself of (a feeling, an idea, etc) 使自己摆脱（某种感情、思想等）: He could not divest himself of the suspicion that his wife was being unfaithful. 他无法消除自己的疑心, 总觉得妻子不忠./dɪˈvaɪd; də`vaɪd/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (into sth) (cause sth to) split or break into parts; separate （使某物）分割开; 分开; 分隔: The train divides at York. 这列火车在约克市调动车厢分途行驶. * divide a large house (up) into flats 把一所大房子分隔成若干套间 * divide a novel (up) into chapters 把一部小说划分为若干章节 * divide the class (up) into small groups 把那个班分成几个小组.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) (between/among sb) break sth into parts and give a share to each of a number of individuals 分或分配某事物: divide out/up the money, food, reward 分钱、食物、赏金 * We divided the work between us. 我们分担这工作.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (between A and B) split sth up, esp one's time, and use parts of it for different activities, etc; apportion sth 将某事物分割开; （尤指）分配时间; 分派某事物: He divides his energies between politics and business. 他把一部分精力用来搞政治, 一部分用来搞业务.  4 [Tn.pr] ~ A from B separate or be the boundary between (two people or things) 将（两者）分隔开; 在（两者）之间划分界线: The English Channel divides England from France. 英吉利海峡把英法两国分隔开来.  5 [Tn] cause (two or more people) to disagree 使（人）产生分歧: This issue has divided the Government. 这一问题在政府中引起意见分歧. * The Government is divided (on this issue). 政府（在这一问题上）意见不统一.  6 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth find out how many times one number is contained in another 某数除以某数: 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5. (b) ~ into sth be able to be multiplied to give another number （用某数）除某数: 5 divides into 30 6 times. 用5除30等于6.  7 [I, Tn] (esp Brit) (cause Parliament to) vote, by separating into groups for and against a motion （使议会）分组表决: After a long debate the House divided, ie voted on the question. 议院经过长时间辩论之後, 进行了分组表决. * divide the House, ie ask for a vote to be taken 要求议院付诸表决.

/dɪˈvaɪd; də`vaɪd/ n (esp US) line of high land separating two river systems; watershed 分水岭; 分水线: the Continental/Great Di`vide, ie the watershed formed by the Rocky Mountains 大陆分水岭（落基山脉所形成的分水线）./ˈdɪvɪdend; `dɪvəˌdɛnd/ n  1 (commerce 商) share of profits paid to share-holders in a company, or to winners in a football pool （付给股票持有者的）股息, 红利; （付给足球赛打赌赢家的）彩金: declare a dividend, ie state what proportion of profits are to be divided among share-holders 宣布发放股息 * an annual dividend of 8% 年度股息8%.  2 (mathematics 数) number that is to be divided by another 被除数. Cf 参看 divisor.  3 (idm 习语) pay dividends => pay2.n thing that divides sth 分隔物: a room divider, ie a screen, etc that divides a room into two parts 分隔房间的隔板./dɪˈvaɪdəz; də`vaɪdɚz/ n [pl] instrument used for measuring lines, angles, etc 分线规; 两脚规: a pair of dividers 一副分线规. =>illus at compass之插图compass./ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdɪvə`neʃən/ n [U] foretelling the future by supernatural means 占卜; （以超自然的方法）预测./dɪˈvaɪn; də`vaɪn/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, from or like God or a god 上帝或神的; 上帝或神赐予的; 如同神灵的: Di,vine `Service, ie the public worship of God （公众对上帝的）礼拜.  2 (infml 口) wonderful, lovely, etc 极好的、可爱的等: You look simply divine, darling! 你简直动人极了, 亲爱的! 

/dɪˈvaɪn; də`vaɪn/ v [Tn, Tf]  1 (fml 文) sense (sth) by intuition; guess （凭直觉）意识到（某事物）; 猜测: divine sb's thoughts, sb's intentions, the truth 领悟某人的思想、察觉某人的意图、猜出事情的真相.  2 reveal (sth hidden, esp the future) by magical means 占卜（某未知事物, 尤指未来）; 卜测; 预卜: Astrologers claim to be able to divine what the stars hold in store for us. 占星家声称能预知祸福.adv: You dance divinely. 你跳舞跳得棒极了.n person who divines, esp one who searches for underground water using a divining-rod 占卜者; （尤指）用占卜杖探寻地下水源的人.n bell-shaped device supplied with air in which people can work under water 潜水钟.n board for diving from （跳水用的）跳板.n watertight suit worn by divers with a helmet into which air can be pumped 潜水衣.n Y-shaped stick used by a water-diviner （卜测水源者用的）占卜杖（呈Y形）./dɪˈvɪnətɪ; də`vɪnətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being divine1(1) 神性: the divinity of Christ 基督的神性.  2 [C] god or goddess 神; 女神: the Roman, Greek, Egyptian divinities 罗马、希腊、埃及诸神.  3 [U] theology 神学: a doctor of divinity 神学博士./dɪˈvɪzəbl; də`vɪzəbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~(by sth) (mathematics 数) that can be divided, usu with no remainder 可除; （通常指）可除尽: 8 is divisible by 2 and 4, but not by 3.  8可被2和4除尽, 但不能被3./dɪˈvɪʒn; də`vɪʒən/ n  1 [U] (a) dividing or being divided 分; 分割; 划分: the division of wealth 财产的分配. (b) dividing one number by another 除; 除法: Are you any good at division? 你的除法好吗?  2 [sing] (often preceded by an adj 常用于形容词之後) result of dividing 分的结果: a fair/unfair division of money 金钱的公平[不公平]分配.  3 [C] (a) any of the parts into which sth is divided 分出来的一部分. (b) (abbr 缩写 Div) major unit or section of an organization （组织或机构的）单位, 部门（如处、科、组、军队的师等）: the `sales division of our company 本公司的销售部 * Our team plays in the first di`vision (of the football league). 本队在（足球联赛）甲组参赛. * the `parachute division 空降师.  4 [C] dividing line 分界线: A hedge forms the division between her land and mine. 有一道树篱在她的土地和我的土地之间形成了分界线.  5 [C, U] (instance of) disagreement or difference in thought, way of life, etc （思想、生活方式等的）歧异, 差别, 分化现象: the deep/widening divisions in society today 当今社会中巨大的[日益加大的]差距.  6 [C] (esp Brit) (in Parliament) act of voting （议会中的）分组表决: The Bill was read without a division. 该法案未经分组表决即进行宣读. * The opposition threatened to force a division on the motion. 反对派威胁要强行将该动议分组表决.(Brit) (in Parliament) one of two corridors where Members of Parliament go to vote （议院中的）两个分组投票厅之一.n sign () placed between two numbers, showing that the first is to be divided by the second 除号（　）.n (Brit) bell rung to warn Members of Parliament not present in the House that there is to be a division(6) （英国议院通知场外议员的）分组表决铃./dɪˈvɪʒənl; də`vɪʒənl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of a division(3) 分出的; 分支的; 师的: divisional commander, headquarters, etc 师长、师指挥部./dɪˈvaɪsɪv; də`vaɪsɪv/ adj causing disagreement or disunity among people 造成不和的; 导致分裂的: a divisive influence, policy, effect 导致分裂的势力、政策、作用. adv. n [U]./dɪˈvaɪzə(r); də`vaɪzɚ/ n (mathematics 数) number by which another number is divided 除数. Cf 参看 dividend./dɪˈvɔːs; də`vɔrs/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (from sb) (instance of the) legal ending of a marriage 离婚; 离异: ask/sue for a divorce 申请离婚 * get/obtain a divorce 获准离婚 * grounds (ie legal reasons) for divorce 离婚的理由（法律根据） * Divorce is on the increase. 离婚案不断增多. * [attrib 作定语] start di`vorce proceedings 提出离婚诉讼.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) ending of a connection; separation 断绝关系; 分离: the divorce between religion and science 宗教与科学分道扬镳.

/dɪˈvɔːs; də`vɔrs/ v  1 [Tn] legally end one's marriage to (sb) 与（某人）离婚: They're divorcing each other/getting divorced. 他们离婚了.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb/sth from sth (fig 比喻) separate sb/sth from sth, esp in a false way 使某人[某事物]与他事物分开（尤指错误地）: You can't divorce science from ethical questions. 不能把科学与伦理问题截然分开. * a politician totally divorced from (ie unable to understand or deal with) the real needs of the country 与国家的实际需要完全脱节（对之不了解或束手无策）的政治家./dɪˌvɔːˈsiː; dəˌvɔr`si/ n divorced person 离了婚的人./ˈdɪvət; `dɪvət/ n piece of turf cut out by a golf club when making a stroke （高尔夫球棒击球时削起的一小块）草皮./daɪˈvʌldʒ; də`vʌldʒ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) make known (sth secret) 泄露（秘密）: divulge a confidential report, sb's identity, one's age 泄露机密、某人的身分、自己的年龄 * I cannot divulge how much it cost. 我不能把价钱泄露出来. /daɪˈvʌldʒəns; də`vʌldʒəns/ n [U]./ˈdɪvɪ; `dɪvɪ/ n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) dividend(1), esp one paid by a co-operative society （旧时）股息, 红利.

v (pt, pp divvied) (phr v) divvy sth up (infml 口) share sth out; distribute 分某物; 分发: They divvied up the winnings between them. 他们瓜分了赢得的钱./ˈdɪksɪ; `dɪksɪ/ n (US infml 口) southern states of the US, esp those that formed the Confederacy in 1860-61 美国南部各州（尤指18601861年间组成邦联者）./-lænd; -ˌlænd/ n  1 (US) = Dixie.  2 (also dixieland) [U] style of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm, originating in New Orleans 迪克西兰爵士乐（每节两拍, 节奏感强, 源出新奥尔良）: Do you like Dixieland? 你喜欢迪克西兰爵士乐吗? * [attrib 作定语] a dixieland band 演奏迪克西兰爵士乐的乐队./ˌdiː aɪ ˈwaɪ; ˌdi aɪ `waɪ/ abbr  缩写 = (Brit infml 口) do it yourself : a DIY kit 供购买者自行装配的成套零件 * DIY enthusiasts 喜欢自己动手干的人.adv.n [U]./ˈdɪzɪ; `dɪzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a person) feeling as if everything is spinning around; unable to balance; confused （指人）头晕的, 眩晕的, 失去平衡的, 昏乱的: After another glass of whisky I began to feel dizzy. 我又喝了一杯威士忌酒之後, 就觉得头晕目眩.  2 of or causing this feeling 使人眩晕的; 使人迷乱的: a dizzy spell 一阵头晕 * a dizzy height, speed 使人眩晕的高度、速度.

v (pt, pp dizzied) [Tn] make (sb) dizzy 使（某人）眩晕./ˌdiː ˈdʒeɪ; ˌdi `dʒe/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口)  1 (Brit) dinner-jacket.  2 disc jockey: He's a radio DJ. 他是电台的流行音乐节目主持人.abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or dls 复数或不变或作dls) decilitre: 10 dl  10分升./ˌdiː ˈlɪt; ˌdi `lɪt/ (also Litt D) abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Letters 文学博士: have/be a DLitt in English 有英国文学博士学位[为英国文学博士] * Jane Pearce DLitt简·皮尔斯文学博士.abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or dms 复数或不变或作dms) decimetre: 15 dm  15分米.abbr 缩写 = unit of money in Germany (German Deutsche Mark) 马克（源自德文Deutsche Mark): DM 650  650马克./ˌdiːˈmʌs; ˌdi`mʌs/ abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Music 音乐博士: have/be a DMus 有音乐博士学位[为音乐博士] * Simon Potter DMus 西蒙·波特音乐博士./ˌdiː en ˈeɪ; ˌdi ɛn `e/ abbr 缩写 = (chemistry 化) deoxyribonucleic acid (the basic constituent of the gene) 脱氧核糖核酸（基因的基本成分）./duː; du/ aux v (neg 否定式 do not, contracted form 缩约式 don't/ dEUnt; dont/; 3rd pers sing pres t does/ dEz; dEz; strong form 强读式  dQz; dQz/, neg 否定式 does not, contracted form 缩约式 doesn't/ 5dQznt; `dQznt/; pt did/ dId; dId/, neg 否定式 did not, contracted form 缩约式 didn't/ 5dIdnt; `dIdnt/; pp done/ dQn; dQn/)  1 (a) (used in front of a full v to form negative sentences and questions 用于实动词之前以构成否定句及疑问句): I don't like fish. 我不喜欢鱼. * They didn't go to Paris. 他们没去巴黎. * Don't forget to write. 别忘了写信. * Does she speak French? 她会说法语吗? * Do you believe him? 你相信他吗? * Did they take you home? 是他们把你送到家的吗? (b) (used to make tag questions 用以构成附加问句): You live in London, don't you? 你住在伦敦, 是吗? * He married his boss's daughter, didn't he? 他娶了老板的女儿, 是吗? * She doesn't work here, does she? 她不在此地工作, 是吗?  2 (used when no other aux v is present to emphasize that a verb is positive 用于句中无其他助动词时, 以加强动词的肯定语气): He `does look tired. 他确实显得很疲倦. * She `did write to say thank you. 她的确写信向你道谢了. * Do shut up! 住口! * Do say you'll stay for supper! 务必吃完晚饭再走!  3 (used to reverse the order of the subject and v when an adv or adverbial phrase is moved to the front 当副词或副词词组移置到句首时, 用以改变主语和动词的语序): Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语, 还会打字呢. * (fml 文) So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了, 一个小时都动弹不得. * (fml 文) Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency. 她很少求助于人, 这事却是十分紧急.  4 (used to avoid repetition of a full v 用以代替实动词, 避免重复): He drives faster than he did a year ago. 他开车比一年以前快了. * She works harder than he does. 她工作比他努力. * `Who won?' `I did.' ｀谁赢了?＇｀我赢了.＇

/duː; du/ v (3rd pers sing pres t does / dQz; dQz/, pt did / dId; dId/, pp done / dQn; dQn/) * CARRYING OUT AN ACTIVITY 进行一项活动  1 [Tn] (used esp with what, anything, nothing and something, to refer to actions which are unspecified or not yet known about 尤与what、anything、nothing、something连用, 指未指定的或未知的行为或动作): `What are you doing this evening?' `I'm going to the cinema.' ｀今晚你打算做什么?＇｀我打算去看电影.＇ * `Are you doing anything tomorrow evening?' ｀明晚你有事吗?＇ * We will do what we can to help you. 我们愿意尽力帮助你. * The company ought to do something about the poor service. 公司应该对服务质量不佳一事采取些措施. * What does she want to do (ie What career does she want) when she leaves school? 她中学毕业以後想做什么? * There's nothing to do in this place, ie no means of passing one's leisure time enjoyably. 这个地方没有好玩儿的（无法消磨空闲时间）. * He does nothing but complain/All he does is complain. 他只会发牢骚. * `It's so unfair that she's lost her job. ' `I know, but there's nothing we can do about it (ie We can't change the situation.)' ｀她丢了工作, 真使人为她抱不平.＇｀我知道, 但我们又有什么办法呢.＇ * `What can I do for you?' `I'd like a pound of apples, please.' ｀您想买些什么呢?＇｀请给我来一磅苹果.＇  2 [I] act; behave 做; 行动; 表现: Do as you wish/please. 你愿意怎么干就怎么干吧. * Do as I do. 照我做的去做吧. * Why can't you do as you're told (ie be obedient) ? 你怎么不听话呀?  3 [Tn] work at, or carry out, (an activity or a task) 做; 进行（某项活动或工作）: do a university degree 攻读大学学位 * do research into French history 研究法国历史 * He still has to do his military service. 他仍须服兵役. * I have a number of important things to do today. 今天我有许多重要事情要做. * She does aerobics once a week. 她每周进行一次健美操.  4 [Tn] (used esp with the + n or my, his, etc + n to refer to everyday tasks such as cleaning, washing, arranging, mending, etc 尤与the+名词或my、his等+名词连用, 指日常事务, 如打扫卫生、洗洗刷刷、整理家务、修修补补等): do (ie brush) one's teeth 刷牙 * do (ie wash up) the dishes 洗碗碟 * do (ie polish) the silver 擦光银器 * do the flowers, ie arrange them in vases 插花 * I like the way you've done (ie styled) your hair. 我喜欢你梳的发式. * We'll have to get someone to do (ie mend) the roof. 我们得找人来修理房顶.  5 [Tn] (used with the, my, some, much, etc + the -ing form of a v to refer to a wide range of actions 与the、my、some、much等+动词的the -ing形式连用, 指各种各样的行为或动作): do the ironing, cooking, washing, etc 熨烫衣服、烹调食物、洗洗刷刷 * We usually do our shopping at the weekend. 我们通常利用周末采购物品. * You do the painting and I'll do the papering. 你上油漆, 我贴壁纸. * She did a lot of acting (ie acted in a lot of plays) when she was at university. 她上大学时演过许多剧. * He does some writing (eg writes poems, novels, essays, etc) in his spare time. 他在业余时间写一些东西（如写诗、小说、散文等）.  * STUDYING OR SOLVING 学习或解决问题  6 [Tn] learn or study (sth) 学习或研究（某事物）: Do you do science at school? 你在学校里学自然科学吗? * do accountancy, engineering, law, etc, eg as a professional training 学会计、工程、法律等 * She did economics at Sheffield University. 她曾在谢菲尔德大学攻读经济学. * Have you done any (ie studied any works by) Shakespeare? 你研究过莎士比亚的作品吗?  7 [Tn] find the answer to (sth); solve 解答（某事物）; 解决: I can't do this sum. 我不会做这道算术题. * I could never do simultaneous equations. 我从来不会算联立方程式. * Can you do crosswords? 你会填纵横字谜吗?  * MAKING OR PRODUCING 做出或制作  8 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) produce sth; make sth 做出某事物; 制作某事物: do a drawing, painting, sketch, etc 作图样、绘画、素描 * She did five copies of the agenda. 她将议程表复制了五份. * Does this pub do (ie provide) lunches? 这家酒馆供应午餐吗? * Who's doing (ie organizing and preparing) the food at the wedding reception? 谁包办婚宴的酒席? * I'll do a translation for you/do you a translation. 我来为你翻译.  9 [Tn] deal with or attend to (sb/sth) 处理, 照料（某人的事[某事物]）: The barber said he'd do me (ie cut my hair) next. 理发师说下一个给我理.  10 [Tn] put on or produce (a play, an opera, etc) 演出或编排（戏剧、歌剧等）: The Dramatic Society are doing `Hamlet next year. 戏剧社准备明年演出《哈姆雷特》.  11 [Tn] play the part of (sb); imitate (sb) 扮演（某人）的角色; 模仿（某人）: I thought he did Hamlet superbly. 我觉得他扮演哈姆雷特一角很出色. * She does Mrs. Thatcher rather well. 她学撒切尔夫人的样子倒挺像哩.  12 [I, Tn, Tg] (used in the perfect tense or the passive 用于完成时态或被动语态) finish (sth); complete 结束（某事物）; 完成: (infml 口) Have you done (ie finished what you were doing) ? 你做完了吗? * I've done talking  it's time to act. 我话已说完--该采取行动了. * The work won't take too long to do. 这工作不需要很长时间就能完成. * Did you get your article done in time? 你的论文按时写完了吗?  * COMPLETING AN ACTIVITY OR A JOURNEY 完成一项活动或走完一段路程  13 [Tn] (a) travel over (a distance) 走完（一段路程）: How many miles did you do during your tour? 你旅行了多少英里? * My car does 40 miles to the gallon, ie uses one gallon of petrol to travel 40 miles. 我的汽车每耗一加仑油可行驶40英里. (b) complete (a journey) 完成（旅行）: We did the journey (from London to Oxford) in an hour. 我们用一小时走完了（从伦敦到牛津的）旅程. (c) travel at or reach (a speed) 以（某一速度）行进; 达到（某一速度）: The car was doing 90 miles an hour. 汽车以每小时90英里的速度行驶.  14 [Tn] (infml 口) visit (a place) as a sightseer; see the sights of 游览（某地）; 观光: We did Tokyo in three days. 我们在东京游览了三天.  15 [Tn] spend (a period of time) 度过（一段时间）: She did a year at university, but decided to give up the course. 她在大学里读过一年书, 但後来决定放弃学业. * (infml 口) He did six months (in prison) for burglary. 他因盗窃罪（在监狱）服刑六个月.  * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义  16 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (as sth) be sufficient or satisfactory for (sb/sth) 足够或能满足（某人/某事物的需要）: `Can you lend me some money?' `Certainly  will 10 do?' ｀你能借给我一点钱吗?＇｀当然可以--10英镑够了吗?＇ * Will next Friday do for our meeting? 我们的会议下星期五开行吗? * These shoes won't do (ie are not strong enough) for climbing. 这些鞋不适合于登山（不够结实）. * This log will do fine as a table for our picnic. 这块大圆木很可以用作我们野餐的餐桌. * This room will do (me) nicely, thank you, ie It has all the comforts I need. 这个房间很适合我的需要, 谢谢你.  17 [I] (used with advs, or in questions after how 与副词连用, 或在疑问句中用于how之後) progress; perform 进展; 表现: She's doing very well at school, ie Her work is good. 她在学校里功课很好. * How is the business doing? 生意如何? * Both mother and baby are doing well, ie after the birth of the baby. 母子均平安. * Everything in the garden is doing (ie growing) splendidly. 花园里的一切植物都长得好极了. * She did well out of (ie profited from) the deal. 她在这笔交易中赚了许多钱.  18 [Tn] cook (sth) 烹制（某物）: Shall I do the casserole in the oven? 我用烤箱做焙盘炖菜好吗? * How would you like your steak done? 你要的牛排要几成熟?  19 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) cheat or swindle (sb) 欺骗或诈骗（某人）: This table isn't a genuine antique; I'm afraid you've been done! ie you have paid a lot of money for an object of little value. 这张桌子并不是真正的古物, 看来你上当了. (b) [Tn] (sl 俚) rob or burgle (sth) 抢劫, 盗窃（某物）: The gang did a warehouse and a supermarket. 那帮匪徒抢劫了一个仓库和一家超级市场.  20 (sl 俚) (a) [Tn] hurt or hit (sb) 伤害, 打击（某人）: Say that again and I'll do you! 你要再说一次我就揍你! (b) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) arrest or convict sb (for a crime) 逮捕某人; 宣判某人有罪: He got done for speeding. 他因超速行车而被抓住.  21 (idm 习语) ,do as you would be `done by (saying 谚) one should treat others as one would like to be treated 你希望别人怎样待你, 你就应该怎样待别人; 己所不欲, 勿施于人. be/have to do with sb/sth be connected with or related to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有联系或有关系: `What do you want to see me about?' `It's to do with that letter you sent me.' ｀你想见我有什么事吗?＇｀这事跟你写给我的那封信有关.＇ have (got) something, nothing, a lot, etc to do with sb/sth be connected or concerned to a specified extent with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]在所述程度上有联系或有关系: Her job has something to do with computers. 她的工作与计算机有些关系. * Hard work has a lot to do with (ie has contributed greatly towards) her success. 她获得的成功是和她的努力分不开的. * `How much do you earn?' `What's it got to do with you?' ｀你挣多少钱?＇｀这跟你有什么关系?＇ * We don't have very much to do with our neighbours, ie don't meet them socially. 我们与邻居没什么往来. ,how do you `do? (used as a formal greeting when one meets sb for the first time 用作初次见面时的正式问候语). it/that will never/won't `do (used to indicate that a state of affairs is unsatisfactory and should be changed or improved 用以表示情况或事情不能令人满意应加以改变或改善): This is the third time you've been late for work this week; it simply won't do, I'm afraid. 这是你在本周里第三次上班迟到了, 这可不行啊. ,nothing `doing (sl 俚) (used to refuse a request 用以拒绝一项请求): `Could you lend me 10?' `Nothing doing!' ｀你借给我10英镑行吗?＇｀不行!＇ that `does it (infml 口) (used to show that one will not tolerate sth any longer 用以表示不能再容忍某事物): That does it! I've had enough of your sarcasm. I'm leaving. 够了! 你那些挖苦人的话我已经受不了啦. 我走!  that's `done it (infml 口) (used to express dismay, anger, etc that a misfortune, an accident or a mistake has spoiled or ruined sth 当某种灾祸、事故或差错弄糟或毁坏某事物时, 用以表示惊慌、气愤等): That's done it. We've run out of petrol. We'll never be in time for the train now. 糟了. 我们的汽油用完了. 怎么也赶不上火车了. that will `do (used esp to order sb to stop doing or saying sth 尤用以制止某人做或说某事物): That'll do, you two; you're getting far too noisy. 行啦, 你们两个人简直吵死了. (For other idioms containing do, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与do搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 do a bunk => bunk2; easier said than done => easy. )  22 (phr v) do away with sth (infml 口) get rid of sth; abolish sth 摆脱某事物; 废除某事物: She thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy. 她认为该是废除君主制的时候了. * The death penalty has been done away with in many European countries. 许多欧洲国家已废除了死刑. do away with oneself/sb (infml 口) kill oneself/sb 自杀[杀死某人]: She tried to do away with herself. 她企图自杀.

/duː; du/ n (pl dos or  do's / du:z; duz/)  1 (Brit infml 口) party 聚会: I hear the Newtons are having a big do tonight. 听说牛顿家里今晚举行盛大的宴会.  2 (Brit sl 俚) dishonest trick; swindle 花招; 骗局: If you ask me, the whole thing's a do. 依我说, 这事完全是个骗局.  3(idm 习语) do's and don'ts/ 9du:zEn5dEUnts; 9duzEn`donts/ rules 规则; 准则: If you want to lose weight, here are some do's and don'ts. 想要减轻体重, 这是一些注意事项. fair do/dos/do's => fair1.

= doh.

abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为") ditto.(infml 口) do housework for sb 替某人做家务: Old Mrs Green has done for us for over 20 years. 格林老太太替我们料理家务已有20多年了. * They can't afford a home help, so they have to do for themselves. 他们请不起女佣人, 所以只好自己做家务活. do for sb/sth (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) (infml 口) ruin, destroy or kill sb/sth 毁灭、破坏或杀死某人[某事物]: Unless the Government provides more cash, the steel industry is done for. 除非政府提供更多的资金, 否则钢铁工业准给毁了. do for sth (infml 口) (used in questions with how and what 用于疑问句中, 与how和what连用) manage to obtain 设法获得: How/What did you do for coal during the miners' strike? 矿工罢工期间你是怎样搞到煤的? do sth for sb/sth (infml 口) improve the appearance of sb/sth 使某人[某事物]改观: That new hairstyle really does something/a lot for her. 那种新的发式的确使她好看一些[好看多了].(abbr 缩写 DIY) activity of constructing, repairing or decorating things oneself (rather than employing professional workers to do it) 自己动手干（建造、修理或装饰, 而不雇用专人）: She's very keen on do it yourself. 她很喜欢自己干维修活儿. * [attrib 作定语] a do-it-yourself shop 出售成套零件供顾客自行装配的商店.(infml 口) (a) kill sb 杀死某人: She was so depressed she felt like doing herself in. 她心灰意冷想要自杀. (b) = do sb over. (c) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) exhaust sb 使某人筋疲力尽: Come in and sit down  you look done in. 进来坐坐吧--你看来累坏了. do sth in (infml 口) injure (a part of the body) 伤害到（身体某部）: He did his back in lifting heavy furniture. 他在抬沉重的家具时扭伤了腰.(infml 口) speak of sb/sth in a critical or an unfavourable way; criticize or disparage sb/sth 说某人[某事物]坏话; 指责或诋毁某人[某事物]: He's always doing his friends down. 他老是说朋友的坏话. * It has become fashionable to do down traditional moral values. 诋毁传统道德的价值已成为一种时髦事.(infml 口) clean or tidy (a room, cupboard, etc) by removing unwanted things from it 清扫或清理（房间、柜橱等）: Your desk drawer needs doing out. 你那书桌的抽屉需要清理. do sb out of sth (infml 口) prevent sb from having sth, esp in an unfair or a dishonest way 使某人得不到某事物（尤指以不光明正大的方式）: She was done out of her promotion. 她受人算计而未获提升. do sb over (infml 口) attack and beat sb severely 猛击某人; 痛打某人: He was done over by a gang of thugs after a football match. 他在足球比赛结束以後受到一帮暴徒的殴打. do sth over clean or redecorate the surfaces of sth 清理或重新装饰某物的表面: The paintwork is beginning to flake; it'll need doing over/to be done over soon. 油漆已成片脱落, 需要赶快重新上漆.(infml 口) have an effect on sb; excite or stir sb 影响到某人; 刺激或煽动某人: Her voice really does something to me. 她的声音确实对我有一定影响. * What have you done to your sister? She's very upset. 你对你妹妹怎么了? 她难过极了. do sth to sth (esp in questions with what 尤用于疑问句中, 与what连用) cause sth to happen to sth 使对某事物产生影响: What have you done to the television? It's not working properly. 这电视机你是怎么弄的? 都不能正常收看了. * What on earth have you done to your hair? eg Why have you had it cut in that way? 你怎么把头发弄成这个样子?be fastened; fasten 固定住; 扣上; 绑紧: This skirt does up at the back. 这条裙子是在後面系扣的. do oneself up (infml 口) make oneself more attractive by putting on make-up, different clothes, etc 藉梳妆打扮、穿奇装异服等使自己格外引人注目. do sth up (a) fasten (a coat, skirt, etc) with buttons, a zip, etc （用扣子、拉链等）固定（外套、裙子等）: He never bothers to do his jacket up. 他总是不愿意系外衣的钮扣. * She asked me to do up her dress for her at the back. 她要我给她把衣服从後面系上. (b) make sth into a parcel or bundle; wrap or tie sth up 把某物打成包裹或捆扎在一起; 包住或捆扎某物: She was carrying a parcel of books done up in brown paper. 她提　一个棕色的纸包, 里面是书. (c) repair, redecorate or modernize (a house, room, etc) 修理、重新装饰或以现代化设备装修（房子、房间等）: If we decide to buy the cottage we'll have to do it up. 我们若决定购买这座别墅, 就得重新进行装修. * We're having the kitchen done up. 我们正用现代化设备装修厨房.(a) (used with can and could to express a need or desire for sth  与can和could连用, 表示需要或希望得到某事物): You look as if you could do with (ie as if you need) a good night's sleep. 你看来似乎需要好好睡上一夜. * I could do with a stiff drink! 我想要一杯烈酒. (b) (used in the negative with can and could 用于否定句中, 与can和could配合使用) tolerate sth 忍受某事物: I can't do with his insolence. 我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度. * If there's one thing I can't do with, it's untidiness. 假若说有什么东西我无法忍受的话, 那就是不整洁. do sth with sb/sth (used in questions with what 用于疑问句中, 与what配合使用): What have you done with (ie Where have you put) my umbrella? 你把我的伞放在哪儿去了? * Tell me what you did with yourselves (ie how you passed the time) on Sunday. 告诉我你们怎样度过星期天的. * What are we going to do with (ie How are we going to use) the food left over from the party? 我们宴会上剩下的食物怎么办呢? * She doesn't know what to do with herself. 她不知道怎么办才好.(used esp with can and could 尤与can和could连用) manage without sb/sth 不用或没有某人[某事物]也行: He can't do without (the services of) a secretary. 他不能没有秘书（的协助）. * If we can't afford a car, we'll just have to do without (one). 我们要是买不起汽车, 也就只好不用（汽车）了. * I could have done without being (ie I wish I hadn't been) woken up at 3 o'clock in the morning. 其实用不着在清晨3点钟就把我叫醒吧.=> do3 3.n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) person who performs or tries to perform good deeds, esp in an unrealistic, interfering or fussy way （力图）做好事的人（尤指方式不切实际、多管闲事或帮倒忙）./dɒk; dɑk/ n (infml 口) (used as a term of address) doctor （用作称呼语）医生./ˈdəʊsaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈdɒsl; `dɑsl/ adj (of a person or an animal) easy to control （指人或动物）容易控制的, 驯服的: a docile child, dog, personality 温顺的孩子、狗、个性. /-saɪllɪ; <i>US</i> -səlɪ; -slɪ/ adv. /dəʊˈsɪlətɪ; do`sɪlətɪ/ n [U]./dɒk; dɑk/ n  1 [C] part of a port, etc where ships go for loading, unloading or repair, esp one fitted with gates to control the water level 码头; 船埠; （尤指）船坞: go into/be in dock 进入[在]船坞 * [attrib 作定语] dock workers 码头工人.  2 docks [pl] grouping of docks with the wharves, sheds, etc round them （设有码头、货棚等的）港区: work at the docks 在港区工作.  3 [C] (esp US) ship's berth; wharf 泊位; 码头.

/dɒk; dɑk/ v  1 (a) [I] (of a ship) come into dock （指船）进港, 进入船坞. (b) [Tn] bring (a ship) into dock 领（船）入港.  2 (a) [I] (of spacecraft) join together （指宇宙飞船）对接: docking manoeuvres/procedures 对接操作[过程]. (b) [Tn] join (two or more spacecraft) together in space 使（宇宙飞船）在宇宙空间对接.

/dɒk; dɑk/ n  1 part of a criminal court where the accused sits during his trial （刑事法庭的）被告席: The judge looked over to the prisoner in the dock. 法官打量了被告席上的犯人.  2 (idm 习语) put sb/be in the dock accuse sb/be accused of doing sth wrong 指控某人[受到指控]: This recent tragedy has put the manufacturersof the drug squarely in the dock. 新近发生的这一悲惨事件使药品厂商受到指控.

/dɒk; dɑk/ v  1 [Tn] cut short (an animal's tail) 剪短（动物的尾巴）.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (from/off sth) take away (part of sb's wages, rations, etc) 扣除（某人的部分工资、配给品等）: They've docked my salary. 他们扣掉了我的一部分工资. * dock 15% from/off sb's earnings 从某人的收入中扣除15% * They've docked me 20. 他们扣了我20英镑.

/dɒk; dɑk/ n [U, C] common weed with large leaves 酸模（一种阔叶野草）.n person who loads and unloads ships 码头工人./ˈdɒkɪt; `dɑkɪt/ n  1 (commerce 商) document or label listing goods delivered, jobs done, contents of a package, etc 单据, 标签（送货单、完工报表、包裹单等）.  2 (US law 律) list of cases awaiting trial 备审案件目录表; 诉讼摘录.

v [Tn] (a) write (sth) on a docket 将（某事物）列入一览表. (b) label (sth) with a docket 给（某物）附上内容标签./-lænd; -ˌlænd/ n [U, C] district near a dockyard （邻近船厂的）厂区.n area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships 造船厂; 修船厂./ˈdɒktə(r); `dɑktɚ/ n (abbr 缩写 Dr)  1 person who has been trained in medical science 医生; 大夫: You'd better see a doctor about that cut. 你最好去找医生看看你那伤口. * Doctor Thompson 汤普森医生.  2 person who has received the highest university degree 博士: Doctor of Philosophy, Science, Letters, Law, etc 哲学、理学、文学、法学等博士.

v [Tn]  1 (infml 口) give medical treatment for (sth) or to (sb) 医治（某病）; 为（某人）治病: doctor a cold, a child 医治感冒、给小孩治病.  2 neuter (a cat, dog, etc) 阉割（猫、狗等）.  3 (infml 口) add sth harmful to (food or drink) 将有害物质搀入（食物或饮料）中: They doctored her fruit juice with vodka and she got very drunk. 他们在她喝的果汁里搀入了伏特加酒致使她酩酊大醉.  4 (infml 口) change (sth) in order to deceive 窜改, 伪造（某事物）: doctor the evidence, the accounts, a report 伪造证据、窜改帐目、作假报告./ˈdɒktərəl; `dɑktərəl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or relating to a doctorate 博士的; 博士学位的: a doctoral thesis 博士论文./ˈdɒktərət; `dɑktərɪt/ n highest university degree 博士学位: She's studying for her doctorate. 她正在攻读博士学位./ˌdɒktrɪˈneə(r); ˌdɑktrɪ`nɛr/ adj (derog 贬) rigidly applying a theory with no concern for practical problems 空谈理论的; 教条主义的: doctrinaire attitudes, beliefs, criticisms 教条主义的态度、信条、批评./dɒkˈtraɪnl; <i>US</i> ˈdɒktrɪnl; `dɑktrɪnl/ adj [attrib 作定语]: doctrinal controversy 有关教义的论争 * (derog 贬) a rigidly doctrinal approach, response, upbringing 教条式的方法、反应、教养./ˈdɒktrɪn; `dɑktrɪn/ n [C, U] (any of a) set of beliefs held by a church, political party, group of scientists, etc 教义; 主义; 学说; 信条: Catholic doctrines 天主教教义 * Marxist doctrine 马克思的学说 * This is a matter of doctrine, ie must be accepted as true. 这是个基本信条（必须承认其为真理）. /ˈdɒkjʊmənt; `dɑkjəmənt/ n paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth 文件; 公文; 文献: The spy stole secret government documents. 间谍窃去了政府的秘密文件. * study all the documents in a case, ie one being heard in court 研究案件的全部证件 * legal documents, eg deeds of property, wills, etc 法律文件（如财产的契约、遗嘱等）.

/ˈdɒkjʊment; `dɑkjəˌmɛnt/ v [Tn] prove or support (sth) with documents 用文件证实或证明（某事）: Can you document these claims? 你能为这些要求提供证件吗? * a badly-/well-documented report, ie (not) supporting its statements by referring to evidence 证据不足[充足]的报告./ˌdɒkjʊˈmentrɪ; ˌdɑkjə`mɛntərɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 consisting of documents 文件的; 文献的: documentary evidence, proof, sources 书面证据、证件、文件来源.  2 giving a factual report of some subject or activity, esp by using pictures, recordings, etc of people involved 记实的, 记录的（尤指提供图片、录音等材料）: a documentary account of the Vietnam war 关于越南战争的记实报道 * documentary films showing the lives of working people 反映劳动人民生活的纪录片.

/ˌdɒkjʊˈmentrɪ; ˌdɑkjə`mɛntərɪ/ n documentary film, or radio or TV programme 纪录片; 记实的广播或电视节目: a documentary on/about drug abuse 关于滥用毒品的纪录片./ˌdɒkjʊmenˈteɪʃn; ˌdɑkjəmɛn`teʃən/ n [U]  1 documenting or being documented 文件或证据的提供或备办.  2 documents provided as evidence or proof of sth 证件: We haven't enough documentation to process your claim. 我们还没有足够的证明文件来审理你的要求./ˈdɒdə(r); `dɑdɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move or act in a shaky unsteady way, because of old age or weakness （因年老或体弱）步履不稳, 摇摇晃晃: He doddered down the street. 他踉踉跄跄沿街走去. * dodder along, about, around, etc 颤颤悠悠地四处走动./ˈdɒdərə(r); `dɑdərɚ/ n  1 (infml 口) person who dodders 蹒跚而行的人.  2 (derog 贬) old person 老人./ˈdɒdərɪŋ; `dɑdərɪŋ/ (also doddery / 5dCdErI; `dBdErI/) adjs weak and uncertain in movement 行动无力而不稳的./ˌdɒdl; `dɑdl/ n [sing] (infml 口) task or activity that is easily performed 轻而易举的任务或活动: That hill's an absolute doddle (to climb). （爬）上那座山岗毫不费力. * It's no doddle being a teacher, you know. 你知道, 当老师决非易事./dɒdʒ; dɑdʒ/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] move quickly and suddenly to one side in order to avoid (sb/sth) 闪开; 躲开; 躲避: He dodged to left and right as the gunman opened fire. 持枪歹徒开火时他东躲西闪. * She dodged round the corner. 她在角落处躲躲闪闪. * (fig 比喻) I'll leave early so as to dodge the rush-hour. 我要早早动身以 避过交通拥挤时间.  2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) avoid doing (sth) by cleverness or trickery 施计避免做（某事物）: dodge military service 逃避兵役 * dodge awkward questions 回避令人尴尬的问题 * He always manages to dodge doing the housework. 他总是千方百计避免做家务.

/dɒdʒ; dɑdʒ/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) quick movement to avoid sb/sth 躲闪; 闪避; 躲避: make a sudden dodge to the right 突然向右一闪.  2 (infml 口) clever trick; way of avoiding sth 妙计; 避免某事物的方法: a tax dodge 偷税的伎俩 * She's up to all the dodges, ie knows and uses them all. 她总是有躲避的方法./ˈdɒdʒəmz; `dɑdʒəmz/ n [pl] (also `dodgem cars) (Brit) (at fun fairs) small electric cars whose drivers try to bump other cars while dodging those that try to bump them 碰碰车: have a go on the dodgems 去玩碰碰车.n (infml 口) person who avoids doing sth 逃避者; 回避者; 躲避者: Make sure she pays her share  she's a bit of a dodger. 她自己的一份一定要她付清--她可是有点能赖就赖./ˈdɒdʒɪ; `dɑdʒɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit)1 (of a person) likely to be dishonest; cunning （指人）诡诈的, 狡猾的: He's a dodgy bloke  I wouldn't trust him an inch. 他是个诡计多端的家伙--我一点都不相信他.  2 difficult or dangerous 困难的; 危险的: Cycle across America? Sounds a bit dodgy to me. 骑自行车横越美国? 听起来有些冒险./ˈdəʊdəʊ; `dodo/ n (pl ~s or ~es)  1 large bird, now extinct, that was unable to fly and that lived on Mauritius 渡渡鸟（巨鸟, 不能飞行, 原产毛里求斯, 已绝种）.  2 (idm 习语) dead as a/the dodo => dead./ˌdiː əʊ ˈiː; ˌdi o `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Department of the Environment 环境事务部./dəʊ; do/ n female deer, reindeer, rabbit or hare雌鹿; 雌兔. =>illus at deer 见deer之插图.  Cf 参看fawn1, hind2, stag 1./ˈduːə(r); `duɚ/ n (approv 褒) person who does things rather than thinking or talking about them 实干家; 身体力行者: We need more doers and fewer organizers. 我们需要的是实干的人多些, 组织的人少些.=> do./dɒf; <i>US</i> dɔːf; dɔf/ v [Tn] (fml 文) take off (one's hat) 脱（帽）. Cf 参看 don2./dɒg; <i>US</i> dɔːg; dɔˇ/ n  1 [C] (a) common domestic animal kept by human beings for work, hunting, etc or as a pet 狗; 犬. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii. (b) male of this animal, or of the wolf or fox 公狗; 公狼; 公狐. Cf 参看 bitch 1. (c) the dogs [pl] (infml 口) (betting on the result of) greyhound racing 赛狗（的赌博）: I won 10 on the dogs. 我赛狗赢了10英镑.  2 [C] (a) (preceded by an adj 前用形容词修饰) (dated infml 旧, 口) fellow 人; 家伙: a sly, lucky, gay dog 狡猾之徒、幸运儿、快乐的家伙 * You dirty (ie dishonourable) dog! 你这个无耻的小人! (b) (dated 旧) wicked or worthless man 邪恶的人; 卑鄙之徒: He's a vile dog! 他是个无耻之徒!  3 [C] mechanical device for gripping things 卡具, 夹具（卡、夹等机械装置）.  4 [C] = andiron.  5 (idm 习语) (a case of) ,dog eat `dog ruthless competition 残酷无情的竞争; 自相残杀. a ,dog in the `manger person who stops others enjoying sth he cannot use or does not want 狗占马槽; 占着茅坑不拉屎的人: [attrib 作定语] a ,dog-in-the-manger `attitude 占着茅坑不拉屎的态度. a dog's `breakfast/`dinner (infml 口) muddle or mess 乱糟糟; 一团糟: He's made a real dog's breakfast of these accounts. 他把这些帐目搞得一团糟. dressed like a dog's dinner => dress2. every dog has his/its `day (saying 谚) everyone enjoys good luck or success sooner or later 凡人皆有得意时. give a dog a bad `name (and `hang him) (saying 谚) once a person has lost his reputation, it is difficult for him to regain it because others continue to condemn or suspect him 一朝坏名声, 十年洗不清; 名誉一毁, 万难挽回. go to the `dogs (infml 口) (of an organization, institution, etc) change so that it is no longer as efficient, productive, etc as before （指组织、机构等）一蹶不振, 不复往日之盛, 大不如前: This firm's gone to the dogs since you took over! 这公司自你接手已大不如前! a/the hair of the dog => hair. help a lame dog over a stile => help1. lead a dog's life; lead sb a dog's life => lead3. let sleeping dogs lie => sleep2. love me, love my dog => love2. not have a `dog's chance have no chance at all 毫无机会; 绝无可能: He hasn't a dog's chance of passing the exam. 他这次考试毫无及格的可能. put on the dog (US sl 俚) show off 炫耀; 摆阔. rain cats and dogs => rain2. the tail wagging the dog => tail. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. top dog => top1. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat.

/dɒg; <i>US</i> dɔːg; dɔˇ/ v (-gg-) [Tn] follow (sb) closely and persistently 紧随, 紧跟, 尾随（某人）: dog sb's footsteps 跟踪某人 * (fig 比喻) Her career was dogged by misfortune. 她一生屡遭不幸./ˈdɒgdeɪz; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg; `dɔˇ ˌdez/ hottest period of the year (July and August) 一年中天气最热的时期（七月和八月）; 三伏天.n small hard biscuit fed to dogs （喂狗的）小块硬饼乾.n  1 collar for a dog 狗项圈.  2 (infml 口) stiff white collar worn by a clergyman （牧师穿的）白色硬领; 牧师领.adj (of a book) having the corners of many pages turned down through use （指书）翻旧而页角折卷的. =>illus 见插图.n sharp bend, esp on a golf-course 急转弯（尤指高尔夫球场的）.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a dog 狗的; 像狗的: dog-like devotion, fidelity, etc 像狗一般的忠心、忠实等.n [U] simple swimming stroke, with short quick movements of the arms and legs （游泳动作的）狗刨式.  v [I] swim in this way 用狗刨式游泳.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] very tired 极疲倦.n (architecture 建) small pyramid-shaped ornament carved into stonework 犬牙饰.n gentle easy trot （从容的）小跑./ˈdɒgwɒtʃ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇˌwɑtʃ/ n (on ships) either of the two-hour watches (watch1 1a), 4 pm to 6 pm or 6 pm to 8 pm （船上）两小时值班（下午4至6时或6至8时）.n light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle 双轮轻便马车./dəʊdʒ; dodʒ/ n (formerly) chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa （旧时）（威尼斯和热那亚两共和国的）总督.n  1 close combat between fighter aircraft 战斗机近距离空战.  2 rough uncontrolled fight 混战./ˈdɒgfɪʃ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇ ˌfɪʃ/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of small shark 狗鲨./ˈdɒgɪd; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgɪd; `dɔˇɪd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (approv 褒) determined; not giving up easily 顽强的; 不屈不挠的: a dogged defence of the city 对城市的顽强防守 * Although he's less talented, he won by sheer dogged persistence. 他虽然天赋不高, 但全凭坚韧的毅力赢得了胜利. adv. n [U]./ˈdɒgərəl; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgərəl; `dɔˇərəl/ n [U] verse that (intentionally or not) produces a clumsy and ridiculous effect 歪诗; 蹩脚诗./ˈdɒgɪ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgɪ; `dɔˇɪ/ n (infml 口) (used by and to children 儿语) dog 小狗; 狗儿./ˈdɒgəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇo/ adv (idm 习语) lie doggo => lie./ˈdɒgɒn; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgɔːn; `dɔˇˌˇɔn/ v [Tn] (US infml 口) (used to express annoyance or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊讶): Doggone it! 去它的! * Well I'll be doggoned! 　, 好家伙!adj [attrib 作定语], adv (used to express annoyance or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊讶): I got another doggone traffic ticket. 又给了我一张该死的交通违章罚款通知单. * Don't drive so doggoned fast! 别他妈开得这么快呀!n  1 (US) kennel 狗窝; 犬舍.  2 (idm 习语) in the doghouse in disgrace; out of favour 丢脸的; 不光彩的; 失宠的; 受冷落的./ˈdəʊgɪ; `doˇɪ/ n (US) motherless calf, esp on the range （失去母牛的）牛犊（尤指牧场中者）./ˈdɒgmə; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgmə; `dɔˇmə/ n [C, U] belief or set of beliefs put forward by some authority, esp a Church, to be accepted as a matter of faith 教义; 教理; 教条; 信条: (fig derog 比喻, 贬) political, social, economic, etc dogma, ie ideas that are not expected to be questioned 政治的、社会的、经济的...信条./dɒgˈmætɪk; <i>US</i> dɔːgˈmætɪk; dɔˇ`mætɪk/ adj  1 of or based on dogma 教义的; 教理的; 以教义为基础的: dogmatic theology 教义神学.  2 (derog 贬) that claims or suggests that sth is true without taking account of evidence or other opinions 武断的; 自以为是的: a dogmatic attitude, approach, view, etc 武断的态度、方法、看法等 * You can't be dogmatic in matters of taste. 对于个人爱好的事, 何必这样自以为是. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: state sth dogmatically 武断地主张某事物.=> dogmatize/ˈdɒgmətɪzəm; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgmətɪzəm; `dɔˇmə-ˌtɪzəm/ n [U] (derog 贬) (quality of) being dogmatic 教条主义; 武断: the dogmatism of some music critics, popular preachers, etc 某些音乐评论家、民众传道者等的教条主义观点./-mətɪst; -mətɪst/ n (derog 贬) dogmatic person 教条主义者; 武断的人./ˈdɒgmətaɪz; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːgmətaɪz; `dɔˇmə-ˌtaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (derog 贬) make dogmatic statements 教条地或武断地表达: You can't dogmatize about people's needs. 对人民之所需不能武断./ˈdɒgrəʊz; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇˌroz/ n wild rose, growing in hedges, etc 犬蔷薇（生长在树篱间的野蔷薇）./ˈdɒgzbɒdɪ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇzˌbɑdɪ/ n (Brit) person who does boring or unpleasant jobs for others 勤杂工./ˈdɒgwʊd; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːg-; `dɔˇˌwᴜd/ n [U, C] wild flowering shrub 狗木（野生多花灌木）./dəʊ; do/ n (music 音) (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth notes of any major scale （首调唱法的）任何大音阶第一音和第八音./ˈdɔɪlɪ; `dɔɪlɪ/ n small ornamental mat of lace, paper, etc placed under a dish or under a cake, etc on a plate （精细织品或纸品的）装饰性小垫（置于盘、碟下或衬在盘中糕点下者）./ˈduːɪŋz; `duɪŋz/ n (infml 口)  1 [pl] things done or being done; activities 已做或正在做的事; 活动: I've been hearing a lot about your doings. 我常听到很多关于你做的事情.  2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (Brit) thing(s) needed 需要的东西: Where's the doings for mending punctures? 补车胎的家伙（工具）在什么地方?abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为$) dollar(s) 元; 美元./ˈdɒldrəmz; `dɑldrəmz/ n  1 the doldrums [pl] parts of the ocean near the equator where there is little or no wind 赤道附近无风的海域; 赤道无风带.  2 (idm 习语) in the `doldrums (a) feeling depressed; in low spirits 精神不振; 意志消沉; 无精打彩: He's been in the doldrums ever since she left him. 自从她离开他以来, 他一直很消沉. (b) not active or making progress 不活跃; 无进展: Despite these measures, the economy remains in the doldrums. 尽管采取了这些措施, 经济状况仍然毫无起色./dəʊl; dol/ v (phr v) dole sth out distribute (esp food, money, etc) in small amounts 少量发放（尤指食物、金钱等）: allowances grudgingly doled out to the elderly 勉强发给老年人的少量津贴.

/dəʊl; dol/ n the dole [sing] (Brit infml 口) weekly payment made by the state to unemployed people （政府每周发放的）失业救济金: be/go on the dole, ie register for/receive such payments 登记领取[领取]失业救济金./ˈdəʊlfl; `dolfəl/ adj sad; mournful 悲伤的; 令人沮丧的: a doleful face, manner, expression, etc 愁眉苦脸、垂头丧气的样子、忧郁的表情. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U]./dɒl; <i>US</i> dɔːl; dɔl/ n  1 model of a baby or an adult, usu for a child to play with 玩偶; 玩具娃娃.  2 (dated sl 旧, 俚 esp US) attractive woman 漂亮女子: She's quite a doll! 她真是个美人!

/dɒl; <i>US</i> dɔːl; dɔl/ v (infml 口) (phr v) doll sb/oneself up dress sb/oneself in a smart or showy way 把某人[自己]打扮得漂漂亮亮或花枝招展: I'm going to get dolled up for the party. 我马上好好打扮一下去参加聚会.1 toy house used for playing with dolls （用以玩儿玩偶的）玩具小屋.  2 (fig 比喻) very small house 极小的房屋: How do they all cram into that doll's house? 那小小的房子怎么挤得下他们大家呢?/ˈdɒlə(r); `dɑlɚ/ n  1 [C] (symb 符号为$) unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia, etc 元（美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的货币单位）: Oil from these fields is priced in dollars. 这些油田产的油以美元定价.  2 [C] banknote or coin worth one dollar 一元的纸币或硬币: Have you got any dollars? 你带着钱呢吗? =>App 4 见附录4.  3 the dollar [sing] (finance 财) value of the US dollar on international money markets 国际金融市场的美元价格: The dollar closed two cents down. 收市时一美元下降了二美分.  4 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom dollar => bet. (feel, look, etc) like a million dollars (infml 口) very fit, healthy, beautiful, etc 身体很好; 非常健康; 十分漂亮. a/the sixty-four thousand dollar `question important question that is very difficult to answer 很难回答的重大问题: Will we all survive until the year 2000? That's the sixty-four thousand dollar question. 我们大家是否都能活到公元2000年? 这个问题很难回答./ˈdɒləp; `dɑləp/ n (infml 口) shapeless lump of sth soft, esp food （软而不成形的）一团, 一块（尤指食物）: a dollop of cream, jam, mashed potato, etc 一团奶油、果酱、土豆泥等./ˈdɒlɪ; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːlɪ; `dɔlɪ/ n  1 (child's word for a) doll （儿语）洋娃娃.  2 (cinema 影) movable support for a cine or television camera 摄影机移动车.n (dated Brit infml sexist 旧, 口, 性别偏见) pretty, fashionably dressed girl who is not thought of as very intelligent 漂亮、时髦却不大聪明的姑娘./dɒlmen; `dɑlmɛn/ n = cromlech./ˈdɒlərəs; <i>US</i> ˈdəʊlərəs; `dolərəs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) sorrowful 哀伤的; 悲痛的./ˈdɒlə(r); <i>US</i> ˈdəʊlər; `dolɚ/ n [U, C] (arch 古) grief or sorrow 哀伤; 悲痛./ˈdɒlfɪn; `dɑlfɪn/ n mammal that looks like a large fish and lives in the sea 海豚. Cf 参看 porpoise./dəʊlt; dolt/ n (derog 贬) stupid person 蠢人; 笨蛋; 傻瓜.adj stupid 愚蠢的; 愚笨的./dəʊˈmeɪn; do`men/ n  1 lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etc （贵族、政府等的）领 地, 领土: trespass on the King's domain 私闯国王领地 * (fig 比喻) The kitchen is my wife's domain; she doesn't like me going into it. 厨房是我妻子的领地, 她不愿意让我进去.  2 field of thought, knowledge or activity （思想、知识或活动的）领域, 范围, 范畴: (in) the domain of political science （在）政治学领域（内） * Military history is really outside my domain. 我对军事史实在一窍不通./dəʊm; dom/ n  1 rounded roof with a circular base 穹顶; 圆屋顶: the dome of St Paul's cathedral 圣保罗大教堂的穹顶.  2 thing shaped like this 圆顶形物; 穹形物: the dome of a hill, the night sky, a bald head 山包、黑夜的天穹、光秃的头顶.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or shaped like a dome 有穹顶的; 圆顶形的: a domed forehead 隆起的前额./ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk; `dumzdeˌbᴜk/ the Domesday Book record of the ownership, value etc of lands in England, made in 1086 by order of William the Conqueror 地籍簿（1086年英王威廉一世钦定的地产清册）./dəˈmestɪk; də`mɛstɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 of the home, household or family 家庭的; 家务的: domestic water, gas, etc supplies 家庭用水、用气等的供应 * a domestic help, ie a servant, esp a cleaner 佣人（尤指清洁工） * domestic bliss, unrest, upheavals, etc 家庭的欢乐、不宁、剧变等 * She's very domestic, ie prefers home life to going out, or is good at and likes cooking, housework, etc. 她非常喜欢家庭生活（深居简出或善于烹饪、做家务等）.  2 of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international 本国的; 国内的: domestic trade, exports, production, etc 国内贸易、本产出口、本地产品 * domestic flights, ie to and from places within a country 国内班机.  3 (of animals) kept on farms or as pets; not wild （指动物）驯养的, 作宠物饲养的, 非野生的.

n household servant, esp a cleaner 仆人, 佣人（尤指清洁工）.= home economics (home)./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./dəˈmestɪkeɪt; də`mɛstəˌket/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态]  1 make (sb) used to or fond of housework and home life 使（某人）习惯于或喜爱家务和家庭生活: He's become a lot more domesticated since his marriage. 他婚後已非常恋家了.  2 tame (ananimal) 驯养（动物）. /dəˌmestɪˈkeɪʃn; dəˌmɛstə`keʃən/ n [U]./ˌdəʊmeˈstɪsətɪ, ˌdɒm-; ˌdomɛs`tɪsətɪ, ˌdɑm-/ n [U] home or family life 家庭生活: a scene of cosy domesticity 闲适的家庭生活景象./ˈdɒmɪsɑɪl; `dɑməsl/ n (fml or law 文或律) a person's place of residence, esp as officially established for purposes of taxation, etc 住处, 住所（尤指正式住址, 据此履行纳税等法律义务者）.adj [pred 作表语] having one's domicile in a place 有固定住所: be domiciled in Britain, London, etc 在英国、伦敦等有固定住所./ˌdɒmɪˈsɪlɪərɪ; <i>US</i> ˌdɒmɪˈsɪlɪerɪ; ˌdɑmə`sɪlɪ-ˌɛrɪ/ adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) of, to or at sb's home 住所的; 向住处; 在家中: a domiciliary visit, eg by a doctor or priest 家访（如医生、牧师等所进行的）./-nəns; -nəns/ n [U]: the absolute dominance of the governing party 执政党的绝对优势./ˈdɒmɪnənt; `dɑmənənt/ adj  1 ~ (in sth) most important or prominent; dominating 最重要的; 最突出的; 占支配地位的: She's the dominant child in the group. 她是这一群孩子中的孩子头. * the dominant flavour in a dish 一份菜肴的主要香味 * The castle stands in a dominant position above the town. 古堡耸立在市镇中一个高处.  2 (biology 生) (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in offspring even when a genetically opposing characteristic is also inherited （指遗传特徵）显性的, 优势的. Cf 参看 recessive. 

/ˈdɒmɪnənt; `dɑmənənt/ n  1 (music 音) fifth note of a scale; chord or key based on this 音阶的第五音; 属音和弦; 属音.  2 (biology 生) dominant gene 显性基因./ˈdɒmɪneɪt; `dɑməˌnet/ v  1 [I, Tn] (a) have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc) 支配, 统治, 控制, 影响（人、事等）: He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate (others). 他有权威, 但并不想控制别人. * She dominated the meeting by sheer force of character. 她单凭个人气势就镇住了会场. (b) be the most obvious or important person or thing in (sth) 在（某事物）中处于优势或占上风; 占最重要地位: Price tends to dominate all other considerations. 首先考虑的往往是价格问题. * My weekend was dominated by housework. 我的周末全用在做家务上了.  2 [Tn] (of a high place) overlook (sth) （指高处）高于（某物）: The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens. 雅典的卫城高耸于雅典全城之上. > domination/ 9dCmI5neIFn; 9dBmE`neFEn/ n [U]: His defeat ended American domination of the sport. 他的失利结束了美国在该项运动中称霸的地位. * under foreign domination 在外国统治下./ˌdɒmɪˈnɪə(r); ˌdɑmə`nɪr/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb) (derog 贬) try to make sb do exactly what one wants by ordering him about, regardless of what he wants to do 对某人发号施令; 专横跋扈: He domineered, and the rest of us hated it. 他行事专横, 我们大家都讨厌他这种作风./ˌdɒmɪˈnɪərɪŋ; ˌdɑmɪ`nɪrɪŋ/ adj wanting to control others; overbearing 专横的; 跋扈的: a domineering husband, manner, personality 专横的丈夫、作风、个性. adv./dəˈmɪnɪkən; də`mɪnɪkən/ adj of the religious Order of Preachers founded by St Dominic, also called the Black Friars 多明我会的（多明我会为圣多明我创建的布道兄弟会, 俗称黑衣兄弟会）.

n priest, brother or nun in this order 多明我会神甫、修士或修女./dəˈmɪnɪən; də`mɪnjən/ n  1 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (fml 文) authority to rule; effective control 统治; 管辖: under foreign dominion 在外国统治下 * have/be given dominion over peoples, lives, etc 具有[被授予]统治各民族、生杀予夺等的权力.  2 [C] area controlled by one government or ruler 领土; 版图: the vast dominions of the Chinese Empire 中华帝国广阔的版图.  3 (often 常作 Dominion) [C] (formerly) any of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth （旧时）英联邦的自治领之一./ˈdɒmɪnəʊ; `dɑməˌno/ n (pl ~es) (a) [C] small flat oblong block marked on one side with two groups of dots, used in the game of dominoes 多米诺骨牌. (b) dominoes [sing v] game played with a set of 28 dominoes  28张一套的多米诺骨牌戏.effect of one (esp political) event in one place making similar events happen one after the other elsewhere 多米诺效应（尤指政治方面）: Employers fear a domino effect if the strike is successful, ie that there will be many other strikes as a result. 雇主们担心一旦罢工胜利就会引起多米诺效应. =>illus 见插图./dɒn; dɑn/ n  1 (Brit) teacher at a university, esp at an Oxford or a Cambridge college 大学教师（尤指在牛津大学或剑桥大学任教者）.  2 title used before a man's Christian name in Spanish-speaking countries 先生（西班牙语国家对男子的尊称, 用于教名前）: Don Felipe 唐·菲力浦.

/dɒn; dɑn/ v (-nn-) [Tn] (fml 文) put on (clothes, etc) 穿上, 披上, 戴上（衣物等）: (fig 比喻) He quickly donned a welcoming smile as his guests arrived. 客人一到, 他立刻笑脸相迎. Cf 参看 doff./ˌdɒn ˈdʒuːən; dɑn`dʒuən/ n (infml 口) man who has great sexual success with women 唐璜; 甚得女子欢心的男子: Despite his looks he's said to be something of a Don Juan. 尽管他其貌不扬, 但据说是个很得女人欢心的风流荡子./ˌdɒn ˈkwɪksət; ˌdɑn `kwɪksət/ n person with high but completely unrealistic ideals; impractical dreamer 唐吉诃德（完全不切实际的理想主义者）; 梦想者. Cf 参看 quixotic.=> do./dəʊˈneɪt; <i>US</i> ˈdəʊneɪt; `donet/ v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give (money, goods, etc), esp to a charity; contribute sth 捐赠, 赠送（财物等）（尤指对慈善事业）: donate large sums to relief organizations 向救济组织捐赠巨款./dəʊˈneɪʃn; do`neʃən/ n (a) [C] thing donated 捐赠物: a donation to/for Amnesty International 给大赦国际的捐款. (b) [U] donating or being donated 捐赠; 赠送.pp of do.

/dʌn; dʌn/ adj [pred 作表语]  1 (of food) cooked enough （指食物）煮熟: The joint isn't quite done yet. 这一大块肉煮得不太熟.  2 (infml 口) socially acceptable 社会上认可: Smoking between courses simply isn't done. 吃饭时在两道菜之间吸烟是不得体的.  3 (idm 习语) be the done thing be conventional or acceptable behaviour 符合传统的或可以容许的行为: For most people it is still the done thing to get married. 对于大多数人来说, 结婚仍然是天经地义的事. be/have done with sb/sth no longer work at sth or be involved with sb/sth 不再做某事物; 与某人[某事物]再无关系: Let's spend another half an hour painting and then have done with it. 我们再画半个小时把它画完吧. over and done with completely finished 完结; 了结; 结束: Their relationship is over and done with. 他们的关系完全断绝了. what is done cannot be undone (saying 谚) something that has already been done cannot be changed 已成定局, 无法改变; 木已成舟. 

interj (used to show that one accepts an offer 用以表示接受一建议): `I'll give you 500 for the car.' `Done!' ｀这辆汽车, 我给你500英镑.＇｀说定了!＇/ˈdɒndʒən; `dɑndʒən/ n large, strongly fortified central tower of a medieval castle 中世纪城堡中巨大而坚固的主塔./ˈdɒŋkɪ; `dɑŋkɪ/ n (pl ~s)  1 animal of the horse family, with short legs and long ears 驴.  2 stupid or stubborn person 愚蠢或固执的人: He's an absolute donkey. 他是个十足的蠢驴.  3 (idm 习语) `donkey's years (Brit infml 口) a very long time 很长的时间; 很久; 猴年马月: It's donkey's years since we've seen each other. 我们有年头儿没见面了. * The new motorway won't be ready for donkey's years. 要修好新高速公路, 那得等到猴年马月了. talk the hind legs off a donkey => talk2.small extra engine, esp on a ship's deck 小型辅助发动机（尤指置于甲板上者）.workman's thick weatherproof jacket （工人穿的厚而短的）风雨衣.n [U] hard dull part of a job; drudgery 乏味而苦的工作; 苦活儿: Typical we do the donkey-work and he takes the credit! 重活我们干, 功劳归他得--一向如此!/ˈdɒnɪʃ; `dɑnɪʃ/ adj (esp Brit) like (that of) a university don, who is usu considered to be clever, but unrealistic, forgetful, etc 像大学教师似的, 学究式的（通常指聪明而不现实、健忘等）: a donnish remark, manner, sense of humour 学究式的言语、仪态、幽默感./ˈdəʊnə(r); `donɚ/ n  1 person who gives or donates sth 捐赠者; 赠送者.  2 (medical 医) person who provides blood for transfusion, organs for transplantation, etc 捐血者; 捐献器官者: a blood donor 献血者 * The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found. 一旦找到适宜捐献心脏的人, 即可进行移植手术. * [attrib 作定语] donor organs 捐献的器官./ˈduːdl; `dudl/ v [I, Ipr] make meaningless drawings, scribbles etc, while one is or should be thinking about sth else （当精神不集中于某事时）胡写, 乱画: Stop doodling on my notebook! 别在我的笔记本上乱画! 

n: a page covered in doodles 胡写乱画的一页./duːm; dum/ n [U]  1 (rhet 修辞) death or ruin; any terrible and inevitable fate 死亡; 毁灭; 劫数; 厄运: meet/go to one's doom 死亡 * send a man to his doom 使某人陷入绝境.  2 = doomsday.  3 (idm 习语) the crack of doom => crack1. a prophet of doom => prophet.

/duːm; dum/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) condemn sb (to death, destruction, failure, etc) 注定某人（死亡、毁灭、失败等）: The plan was doomed from the start. 那计划从一开始就注定要失败. * Are whales doomed to extinction? 鲸鱼是否注定要绝种? * We loathe each other, yet we seem doomed constantly to meet. 我们相互厌恶, 但似乎偏偏冤家常碰头./ˈduːmzdeɪ; `dumzˌde/ n [U]  1 day of the Last Judgement; the end of the world 最後审判日; 世界末日. Cf 参看 Domesday Book.  2 (idm 习语) till `doomsday for ever; a long time 永远; 很长时间: This work will take me till doomsday. 这工作要花我一辈子的时间./dɔː(r); dɔr/ n  1 (a) movable barrier that closes the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, car, etc 门: hinged/sliding/revolving doors 有铰链的门[拉门/旋转门] * hammer on the door 砰砰地敲门 * open, shut, close, lock, bolt the door 开、关、闭、锁、栓门 * the front/back door, ie main door at the front/back of a house 前[後]门 * a four-door saloon car 四门轿车. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages vi, xii. (b) = doorway.  2 (idm 习语) at death's door => death. behind closed doors => close4. by/through the back door => back2. darken sb's door => darken. (from) ,door to `door (from) house to house 从一家门口到另一家门口: The journey takes about an hour, door to door. 从这家到那家的路程要用一小时. * He went from door to door, selling encyclopaedias. 他逐门逐户去推销百科全书. * [attrib 作定语] a ,door-to-door `salesman 挨户推销的售货员. the door to sth the means of getting or reaching sth 获得或达到某事物的门路或手段: Our courses are the door to success in English. 我们的课程是学习英语的成功之路. a foot in the door => foot1. keep the wolf from the door => wolf. lay sth at sb's `door say that sb is responsible for sth that has gone wrong 归咎于某人: The blame for the disaster has been laid firmly at the company's door. 这场大祸罪责全在公司. leave the door open => leave1. lie at sb's door => lie2. lock, etc the stable door after the horse has bolted => stable2. next `door (to sb/sth) in the next building, room, etc 邻居; 隔壁; 邻室: go next door to borrow some milk 到邻居家借点牛奶 * They live next door to the library. 他们住在图书馆隔壁. next door to nearly; almost 几乎; 近乎; 差不多: I'm afraid it's next door to impossible that we'll be there on time. 看来我们几乎不可能按时到达那里了. (be) on the `door (infml 口) (at a public meeting, concert, etc) (stand) at the door, eg to collect tickets, give directions, etc （为公众集会、音乐会等）把门（如收票、指引方向等）. out of `doors in the open air 在户外; 在露天: eat, sleep, walk, etc out of doors 在户外吃、睡、散步等. show sb the door; show sb to the door => show2. shut/slam the door in sb's face refuse to talk to or have any dealing with sb 拒绝与某人谈话; 拒绝与某人打交道. shut the door on sth => shut. two, three, etc doors a`long/ a`way/ `down in the next house but one, two, etc 在第二、第三...家: Our other branch is just a few doors down the road. 沿这条路再走几家就是我们的另一个分店.n frame into which a door fits 门框.n handle that opens and closes a door (by releasing a latch) 门把儿; 门拉手. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.n = doorman.n = knocker.n metal plate on a door showing the name of the person living or working in the room or building 门牌; 户名牌.n bell inside a building that can be rung by visitors outside 门铃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.n round knob turned to open a door 球形门拉手./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (US) = porter2: Leave a message with the doorman. 给看门人留个话.n  1 mat placed near a door, for wiping dirt from one's shoes （置于门前的）蹭鞋垫.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who allows others to treat him without respect 逆来顺受的人: Stand up for yourself a bit  don't be such a doormat! 长点骨气吧--别老这么忍着任人践踏!n (idm 习语) dead as a doornail => dead.n (idm 习语) deaf as a post/doorpost => deaf.n  1 step leading up to (usu) an outside door 门阶: empty milk bottles on the doorstep 放在门阶上的空牛奶瓶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.  2 (idm 习语) on one's `doorstep very near 很近: In our holiday villas you'll have both the beach and the mountains on your doorstep. 我们的度假别墅离海滩和山都很近.n device to prevent a door from closing or from hitting a wall, etc when it is opened 制门器（防止门关闭的装置）; 门碰头（防止门碰墙的装置）.n opening, filled by a door, into a building, room, car, etc 门口: in the doorway 在门口./dəʊp; dop/ n  1 [U] (sl 俚) (a) harmful drug (eg hashish); narcotic 毒品（如大麻）; 麻醉剂: [attrib 作定语] a dope-addict 吸毒成瘾者. (b) medicine, esp a sedative drug 药; （尤指）镇静剂.  2 [C] (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 蠢货: You've got the picture upside-down, you dope! 你把画挂倒了, 你这笨蛋!  3 [U] ~ (on sb/sth) (sl 俚) facts not generally known that are provided by a well-informed person 内幕消息; 消息灵通者透露的消息: I want the dope on his criminal connections. 我想知道他私通的内情.  4 [U] thick liquid used as a lubricant, varnish, etc （润滑油、涂料等）黏稠液体.

v [Tn] (a) give a narcotic or stimulant drug to (esp a race-horse, an athlete, etc) 给（尤指参赛的马、运动员等）使用麻醉品或兴奋剂. (b) add a drug to (food, drink, etc) 在（食物、饮料等中）加麻醉剂./ˈdəʊpɪ; `dopɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (infml 口) dazed or sleepy, as if drugged 昏沉欲睡的; 似受到麻醉的: I'm feeling really dopey this morning. 今天上午我一直昏昏沉沉的.  2 (sl 俚) stupid 愚蠢的; 迟钝的./ˈdɒrɪk; <i>US</i> ˈdɔːr-; `dɔrɪk/ adj (architecture 建) of the oldest and simplest of the five orders of classical Greek architecture 多利斯式的（古希腊建筑五种柱式中最古老、最简单者）. Cf 参看 Corinthian 2, Ionic./dɔːm; dɔrm/ n (infml 口) dormitory 宿舍./ˈdɔːmənt; `dɔrmənt/ adj temporarily inactive 暂时不活动的; 休眠的; 蛰伏的: a dormant volcano, ie neither extinct nor erupting 休火山 * Many plants lie dormant throughout the winter, ie alive but not growing. 许多植物冬天呈休眠状态. * As soon as they met again his dormant love for her was rekindled. 他们一见面, 他对她的旧情如乾柴烈火般又重新燃起./ˈdɔːmə(r); `dɔrmɚ/ (also ,dormer-`window) n upright window built in a sloping roof （建于斜屋顶上的）天窗, 老虎窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii./ˈdɔːmɪtrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; `dɔrməˌtɔrɪ/ n  1 sleeping-room with a number of beds, esp in a school or some other institution 宿舍.  2 (US) building at a college, university, etc containing students' rooms for living and sleeping （大学等的）学生宿舍.(Brit) town from which people travel to work elsewhere 郊外住宅区./ˈdɔːmɑʊs; `dɔrˌmaᴜs/ n (pl dormice/ 5dR:maIs; `dRr9maIs/) small animal like a mouse with a furry tail 榛睡鼠./ˈdɔːsl; `dɔrsl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (anatomy 解) of or on the back of an animal or a plant （动植物的）背部的, 背侧的, 背上的: the dorsal fin, eg of a shark 背鳍（如鲨鱼的）. =>illus at fish 见fish之插图.  Cf 参看 ventral./ˈdɔːrɪ; `dɔrɪ/ n (US) light flat-bottomed rowing boat used by fishermen off the Atlantic coast of the US （美国东海岸渔民用的）轻型平底划艇.

n [C, U] (also ,John `Dory) type of edible seafish 海鲂./ˈdəʊsɪdʒ; `dosɪdʒ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) amount of medicine to be taken at a time or over a period （药物一次或一阶段的）剂量: Do not exceed the recommended dosage. 不要超过规定的剂量./dəʊs; dos/ n  1 amount of medicine to be taken at one time 一次剂量; 一剂; 一服: give/administer the correct dose 给规定的剂量.  2 amount of radiation received by sb/sth at one time （某人[某物]接受放射线的）一次剂量: a lethal dose of radiation 致死的辐射量.  3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) any experience of sth unpleasant 不愉快的经历: a dose of 'flu, boring conversation, bad weather 一次流感、令人厌倦的谈话、恶劣的天气 * I can only stand her in small doses, ie for a short time. 我对她只能忍让片刻. (b) any experience of sth enjoyable 愉快的经历: What you need is a good dose of laughter. 你需要的是大笑一场.  4 (sl 俚) venereal infection 性病; 花柳病: give sb/catch a dose 把花柳病传染给某人[染上花柳病].  5 (idm 习语) like a dose of `salts (sl 俚) very fast 很快; 一下子: He gets through his pay like a dose of salts, and by Monday he's broke. 一发工资, 他就很快花个精光, 到了星期一便身无分文了.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with sth) give sb/oneself a dose (of sth) 给某人[自己]一定剂量的药: heavily dosed with pain-killing drugs 大剂量地使用了止痛药./dɒs; dɑs/ v (phr v) doss down (Brit sl 俚) lie down to sleep, esp when one has not got a proper bed 凑合躺下睡觉, 将就过夜（尤指无适当的床）: We dossed down on Tony's floor after the party. 聚会过後, 我们就躺在汤尼家的地板上睡了.n (Brit sl 俚) cheap lodging-house, esp one used by vagrants 廉价客栈（尤指供流浪者投宿者）.n (Brit sl 俚) person without a home who sleeps in the streets or in cheap lodgings; vagrant 露宿街头者; 常居于廉价客栈者; 流浪者./ˈdɒsɪeɪ; <i>US</i> also ˈdɔːsɪə(r); `dɑsɪˌe, `dɑsɪɚ/ n set of documents containing information about a person, an event, etc; file （有关人、事等的）材料, 卷宗, 档案./dɒt; dɑt/ n  1 small round mark 小圆点: Join the dots up to complete the drawing. 顺点连线把图画好.  2 such a mark used as a symbol in writing (eg above the letters i and j), mathematics (eg the decimal point), music, representing a short sound in Morse code, etc 字母上的点（如i和j上的）; 小数点; 音乐符号上的点; 摩尔斯电码代表短音的点. =>App 3 见附录3.  3 anything resembling a dot; a small quantity 点状物; 少量, 微量, 一点儿: The island was just a dot on the horizon. 该岛只是天水交接处的一个黑点. * I like just a dot of milk in my tea. 我喜欢在茶里稍掺一点牛奶.  4 (idm 习语) on the `dot (infml 口) exactly on time, or at the time specified 准时地; 在指定的时刻: He's very punctual  always arrives on the dot. 他很守时--总是按时到. * leave at 5 o'clock on the dot/on the dot of 5 o'clock 准于五点整离开. the year dot => year.

v (-tt-)  1 [Tn] mark (sth) with a dot 以小圆点标出（某物）.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p] place (things or people) here and there; scatter 将（物或人）分布各处; 分散: The sky was dotted with stars. 天空繁星密布. * We've dotted a few chairs about. 我们在周围放了几把椅子.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n](infml 口) hit (sb) 打, 击（某人）: He dotted me in the eye. 他击中了我的眼睛. * Shut up or I'll dot you one! 闭嘴, 要不我就揍你!  4 (idm 习语) dot one's/the ,i's and cross one's/the `t's complete the final details of a task 一丝不苟地完成任务.(computing 计) grid of dots used to form letters, numbers, etc in printing 点阵（印刷中用以组成字母、数字等的矩阵）: [attrib 作定语] a dot matrix printer 点阵打印机./ˈdəʊtɪdʒ; `dotɪdʒ/ n (idm 习语) in one's dotage confused in one's mind because of old age 年老昏聩./dəʊt; dot/ v [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth show (too) much fondness for sb/sth 热爱、溺爱或宠爱某人[某事物]: She dotes on her grandchildren. 她十分锺爱孙儿女. * I just dote on hot buttered scones! 我就是喜欢吃涂黄油的热司康饼!adj [attrib 作定语] very or excessively loving and devoted 溺爱的; 偏爱的; 宠爱的: a doting husband, son, parent, etc 宠爱妻子的丈夫、非常孝顺的儿子、溺爱子女的家长. adv.1 line of dots showing where sth is to be written on a document, form, etc 点线; 虚线.  2 (idm 习语) sign on the dotted line => sign2.n [U]./ˈdɒtl; `dɑtl/ n [U] partly burnt tobacco left in a pipe after smoking （烟斗中吸剩的）残烟丝./ˈdɒtɪ; `dɑtɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit)  1 foolish; silly; eccentric 傻的; 蠢的; 古怪的: She was getting a bit dotty and could never be left alone. 她越来越见傻, 决不可无人照看. * Not another of your dotty ideas for making money! 你不要再出那些赚钱的馊主意了!  2 [pred 作表语] ~ about sb/sth very fond of or enthusiastic about sb/sth 非常喜爱某人[某事物]; 对某人[某事物]极感兴趣: She's dotty about this latest boyfriend. 她非常喜欢这个新交的男朋友. /ˈdʌbl; `dʌbl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 twice as much or as many (as usual) 加倍的; 两倍的: a double helping 一客双份的食物 * two double whiskies 两杯双份的威士忌酒 * the new bleach with double strength for killing germs 杀菌力特强的新型漂白剂.  2 having or made of two things or parts that are equal or similar 由两个相等或相似部分组成的; 双的: Look, double yellow lines  you mustn't park here. 喂, 这是双黄线--不能在这儿停车. * `I didn't do nothing' is a double negative, ie two negatives where only one is needed. I didn't do nothing是双重的否定（只需一个否定词即可）. * a double-page advertisement 一则占左右两页的广告 * `Otter' is spelt with a double t. otter一字中有两个t.  3 made for two people or things 供两人或两物用的; 双人的: a double room, garage, etc 双人房间、供停放两辆车的车房 * a double wedding, ie of two couples 两对新婚夫妇的婚礼.  4 combining two things or qualities 两种事物结合在一起的: a double meaning, purpose, aim, etc 双重意义、目的、目标等 * the double advantage of being easy and cheap 既方便又便宜的双重优点 * She leads a double life, ie Her life has two different (perhaps sharply contrasting) aspects, eg being a police officer and a drug dealer. 她过着双重生活（如又是警察又是毒品贩子）.  5 (of flowers) having more than the usual number of petals （指花）重瓣的.  6 (idm 习语) in double `harness with a partner, or with a husband or wife 两人一起; 夫妻一起: The brothers work in double harness. 哥儿俩一起工作.

/ˈdʌbl; `dʌbl/ det twice as much or as many (as usual, than sb/sth, etc) 两倍; 双倍: His income is double hers. 他的收入是她的两倍. * He earns double what she does. 他挣的比她挣的多一倍. * We need double the amount we have. 我们需要比现有的多一倍.

/ˈdʌbl; `dʌbl/ adv in twos or in two parts 成双; 成对; 成两部分: When I saw her and her twin sister I thought I was seeing double. 我看见她们挛生姐妹时还以为我把一个人看成俩了. * sleep double, ie two in a bed (for warmth, convenience, etc) 两人合睡一床（为取暖、方便等） * fold a blanket double 把毯子对摺起来.

/ˈdʌbl; `dʌbl/ n  1 [U] twice the (usual) number or amount 两倍; 加倍: He's paid double for the same job. 他做同样的工作, 而报酬比别人多一倍.  2 [C] (a) person or thing that looks very like another 酷似的人或物: She's the double of her mother at the same age. 她和她母亲年轻时十分相似. (b) (in a film) actor who replaces a star in the dangerous scenes （电影中的）特技替身演员.  3 [C] glass of spirits containing twice the usual amount 一杯双份的烈酒: Two Scotches, please  and make those doubles, will you? 请来两杯苏格兰威士忌--都要双份的, 好吗?  4 [C] bet on two horses in different races where any winnings from the first are staked again on the second 复式押注（下注于不同场次的两匹马, 第一场若赢即转押于第二场）.  5 doubles [pl] game (esp of tennis) in which one pair plays another 双打（尤指网球）: mixed doubles, ie where each pair consists of a man and a woman 混合双打.  6 the double [sing] (sport 体) two prizes won in similar competitions （在同类比赛中）两次获奖: She's going for the double this year, the Olympics and the World Championship. 今年她要争取奥林匹克赛和世界杯冠军赛的双料冠军.  7 [C] (in bridge) act of doubling （桥牌戏中）叫加倍.  8 [C] (in the game of darts) hit on the outer ring of the board, scoring double （投镖戏中）投中外环, 得分加倍.  9 (idm 习语) at the `double (US on the `double) (infml 口) quickly; hurrying 很快地; 赶紧地: The boss wants you  you'd better get upstairs at the double. 老板叫你--你最好赶紧上楼去. ,double or `quits paying twice what one owes or nothing at all, the decision being made by chance (eg throwing dice) 要么加倍赔钱, 要么欠款一笔勾销（如以掷色子决定）.person who spies for two rival countries at the same time 双重间谍.bed made for two people 双人床. ,double-`bedded adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a hotel room) having a double bed (or two single ones) （指旅馆房间）有双人床的, 有两张单人床的.two films, plays, etc presented to an audience one after the other 双场（两场电影、戏剧等同场先後演出）.dilemma 进退两难.clever deception, eg telling an enemy the truth while knowing that he will assume you are lying 双重诈术（如告诉敌手实情而料其会以真为假）.fold of fat below the chin 双下巴.(Brit) thick cream that contains a lot of milk fat 高脂奶油.(esp US infml 口) date involving two (separate) couples 两对男女在一起的约会.(Brit infml 口) incomprehensible talk; written gibberish 莫名其妙的话; 晦涩的文字: This article's so full of jargon it's just double Dutch to me. 这文章满篇术语, 对我直如天书./ˌduːbl ɑːnˈtɑːndrə; ˌdubl ɑn`tɑndrə/ (French 法) word or phrase that can be understood in two ways, one of which contains a sexual allusion 双关语（其一有性的含意）.(commerce 商) system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another 复式簿记.number that is 10 or over and 99 or less 两位数: The inflation rate is into double figures, ie above 10%. 通货膨胀率已进入两位数（10%以上）.(graduate who gains a) first-class degree in two subjects at the same time or in successive years 双优荣誉学位（毕业生）（在两门学科中皆获优秀成绩者）.pneumonia affecting both lungs 双肺肺炎.set of (usu moral) principles that discriminates against one of two groups, individuals, etc 双重标准（通常指道德方面）: He's got a double standard: it's all right for him to have affairs but not for her. 他采取双重标准: 自己可以有外遇, 女方却不行.delayed reaction to a situation, remark, etc, esp for comic effect （对情况、言语等）反应迟钝（尤指为产生滑稽效果者）: He did a double take when I said I was getting married. 我告诉他我要结婚了, 他半天才恍然大悟.twice the usual wage, paid for working on a public holiday, etc （付给假日加班者的）双倍工资.(linguistics 语言) verb that takes an indirect object as well as a direct object, eg offer in He offered me a job 双及物动词（即要求直接宾语和间接宾语的动词, 如He offered me a job中的offer）.adj  1 (of a gun) having two barrels （指枪炮）双管的, 双筒的.  2 (Brit) (of a surname) having two parts, usu joined by a hyphen (as in Day-Lewis) （指姓）由两部分组成的（其间通常用连字符连结, 如Day-Lewis）.(also bass) n largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family 低音提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.v [I, Tn] reserve (a particular hotel room, flight, ticket, etc) for more than one person at a time 为不止一人预订或保留（同一旅馆房间、飞机座位、票等）: They'd double-booked our seats and we had to wait for the next plane. 他们把我们预订的座位又预订给他人了, 我们只好等下一班机了. * They've double-booked me (ie my seat, etc) again! 他们把我预订的（座位等）又重复预订给别人了! n [U, C].adj (of a coat or jacket) made to overlap across the chest （指大衣或夹克）有双排钮扣的.v [I, Tn] check (sth) twice or with great care 复查; 仔细检查: double-check figures, arrangements 复核数字、审核计划. 

n: do a double-check on sth 复查某事.v [Tn] (derog 贬) cheat or betray (sb) after getting him to trust one （获取信任後）欺骗, 背叛, 出卖（某人）.  

n: a double-cross that cost six lives 损失了六条性命的叛卖行为.n (derog 贬) person who says one thing and means another; deceiver 口是心非的人; 两面派. n [U].n  1 (esp Brit) bus with two floors 双层公共汽车.  2 (esp US) sandwich with two layers of filling 双层夹心三明治.adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) very evil 邪恶的: a ,double-dyed `rogue, `scoundrel, etc 罪恶多端的无赖、坏蛋等.adj  1 (of a knife, etc) having two edges （指刀等）双刃的.  2 (fig 比喻) (of a remark) having two possible meanings; ambiguous （指言语）模棱两可的, 含糊其辞的: a ,double-edged `argument, `compliment, re`ply, etc 语意含混的论据、恭维话、答覆等.adj insincere 伪善的.v [Tn] fit two layers of glass to (the windows of a room, etc) to reduce heat loss, noise, etc 安两层玻璃于（窗户等）: The house is double-glazed back and front. 这房子前後窗都是双层的. n [U]: have double-glazing installed 装有双层玻璃.adj [usu pred 通常作表语] having very flexible joints that allow the fingers, arms or legs to bend backwards as well as forwards （手指、臂或腿）有双关节（可前後活动）.v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] park (a car, etc) beside one already parked in a street 将（汽车等）并排停放于街道上另一汽车旁边: Hurry up! I'm double-parked and the warden's coming. 快点! 我这是并排停车, 检查员来啦.adj, adv (infml 口) very quick(ly) 快速（的）; 急速（的）.v [I, Tn] (music 音) play (two stopped notes) at the same time on a violin, etc （拉小提琴等时）奏双音.n [U] way of talking that really means something very different from what it appears to mean, or nothing at all 指东说西或言之无物的话: He gave us no real reasons, just the usual politician's double-talk. 他没告诉我们真正理由, 只说了些政客常说的空话.  v [I, Tn.pr]: double-talk one's way out of trouble 说含糊其词的话以摆脱困境.n [U] (derog 贬) accepting or advocating contradictory ideas, principles, etc 思想矛盾（接受或提倡两种相矛盾的观念、原则等）./ˈdʌblɪt; `dʌblɪt/ n  1 (formerly) short close-fitting jacket worn by men, with or without sleeves （旧时）男用紧身上衣或背心.  2 either of a pair of similar things, esp one of two words with the same origin but a different form or meaning, eg hospital/hostel 一对类似的东西中的一个; （尤指同源异形或异义的）双式词, 如hospital/hostel./ˈdʌblɪ; `dʌblɪ/ adv (used before adjs 用于形容词之前)  1 to twice the extent or amount 加倍地: Make doubly sure that all the doors are locked, ie check twice. 再查看一下是否所有的门都锁好了.  2 in two ways 两方面地; 双重地: She is doubly gifted: as a writer and as an artist. 她又是作家又是艺术家, 有双重天赋./daʊt; daᴜt/ n  1 [U, C] ~ (about/as to sth); ~ (as to) whether... (feeling of) uncertainty or disbelief 怀疑; 不确定; 不信任: There's some doubt about his suitability for the job. 他是否适合该工作有些疑问. * There is (no) room for doubt. （没）有怀疑的余地. * I have grave doubts about her honesty. 我很怀疑她是否诚实. * The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories. 科学上的最新发现使我们对以前的学说产生怀疑. * She had her doubts (as to) whether he would come. 她无法确定他是否来. * Although a very religious man, he is still troubled by occasional doubts. 他虽然笃信宗教, 但有时仍感到迷惘.  2 [U] ~ about sth/that. . . (used after negatives to emphasize conviction 用于否定词後以强调深信不疑) reason for not believing sth 不相信: There's not much doubt about it, ie It is almost certain. 那件事情没有什么可疑之处. * I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我肯定你能成功.  3 (idm 习语) beyond a/any `doubt; beyond all (possible) `doubt certainly 无疑地: She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day. 她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员. give sb the benefit of the `doubt => benefit. in `doubt uncertain; undecided 不肯定的; 不确定的: Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt. 他们是否接受那合同还说不准. * If in doubt, don't, ie Don't act unless you're certain. 没有把握就不要做. ,no `doubt very probably 无疑地; 很可能: No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 他确实是想帮忙, 然而事实上却只是帮倒忙. without (a) `doubt certainly 无疑地; 确实地: He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.

/daʊt; daᴜt/ v [I, Tn, Tf] feel uncertain (about sth); question the truth of (sth) （对某事物）无把握, 有怀疑: It is human to doubt. 怀疑是人的天性. * Do you doubt my word (ie think I am not telling the truth) ? 你怀疑我的话吗? * I don't doubt that he'll come, ie I'm sure he will. 我确信他会来. * I doubt whether he'll come. 我不敢肯定他来不来. * I doubt if that was what he wanted. 不知道那是不是他想要的. n./ˈdaʊtfl; `daᴜtfəl/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (about sth/doing sth) (of a person) feeling doubt; unsure （指人）感到怀疑, 不能确定: feel doubtful about (the wisdom of) going/about whether to go or not 拿不定主意去不去（不知道应否去）.  2 causing doubt; uncertain 令人生疑的; 不肯定的: The weather looks rather doubtful, ie unsettled. 天气看来靠不住（可能会变天）. * a doubtful (ie unreliable) ally 不可靠的盟友 * It's a doubtful blessing, ie It may or may not be one. 这是不是福不好说.  3 unlikely; improbable 未必的; 不大可能的: It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. 在那场爆炸中很难有幸存者.  4 [attrib 作定 语] possibly dishonest, disreputable, etc; causing suspicion; questionable （诚实、名声等）不大好的, 可疑的, 有问题的: a rather doubtful character, neighbourhood,past 很可疑的人物、邻居、过去. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv.person who refuses to believe sth until he has clear proof 有真凭实据才相信某事物的人: She's a bit of a doubting Thomas  she won't believe you're back till she sees you. 她是个眼见为实的人--除非她亲眼看见你, 否则绝不会相信你已经回来./ˈdaʊtlɪs; `daᴜtlɪs/ adv almost certainly; very probably 大概; 很可能: Doubtless he'll be bringing his guitar, as usual. 他很可能跟平常一样会带吉他来./duːʃ; duʃ/ n (device for directing a) stream of water into or onto a part of the body, esp the vagina, to clean it or for medical purposes （对身体部位, 尤指对阴道的）冲洗液, 灌洗液, 冲洗器, 灌洗器.

v [I, Tn] treat (sth) with a douche 冲洗或灌洗（某部位）./dəʊ; do/ n [U]  1 thick mixture of flour, water, etc ready to be baked into bread, pastry, etc （做面包、糕点等的）生面团.  2 (sl 俚) money 钱.n small cake, usu in the shape of a ring or a ball, made from sweetened dough cooked in fat 炸圈饼. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图./ˈdaʊtɪ; `daᴜtɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) brave and strong 勇敢而顽强的: a doughty warrior 勇猛的战士.adj of or like dough; soft, pale and flabby （似）面团的; 柔软、苍白而松弛的: a doughy complexion 苍白的肤色./dʊə(r); dur/ adj stern; severe; gloomy-looking; joyless 严厉的; 严格的; 脸色阴沉的; 闷闷不乐的: dour looks 抑郁的表情 * a dour silence 阴森森的寂静. adv./daʊs; daᴜs/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) put sb/sth into (water); throw (water) over sb/sth 将某人[某物]放入（水中）; 在某人[某物]上泼（水）: douse the flames/a fire 浇灭火焰[炉火] * As a joke, they doused him with a bucket of water. 他们开玩笑, 把一桶水泼到他身上了.  2 [Tn] put out or turn off (a light) 熄, 灭, 关（灯）./dʌv; dʌv/ n  1 type of bird with short legs, a small head and a thick body, that makes a cooing sound and is often used as a symbol of peace 鸽子（常用作和平的象徵）.  2 (fig 比喻) person, esp a politician, who favours peace and negotiation rather than war or confrontation 温和派人物; （尤指）鸽派政治家. Cf 参看 hawk1 2.

(US) pt of dive1./ˈdʌvkɒt, also ˈdʌvkəʊt; `dʌvˌkɑt `dʌvˌkot/ n  1 building providing shelter and often nesting-boxes for pigeons and doves 鸽舍; 鸽房.  2 (idm 习语) flutter the dovecotes => flutter./ˈdʌvteɪl; `dʌvˌtel/ n joint for fixing two pieces of wood together, with one piece cut in the shape of a wedge fitting into a groove of the same shape in the other 鸠尾榫; 楔形榫. =>illus 见插图.

v  1 [Tn] join (two pieces of wood) in this way 以鸠尾榫接合（两块木头）.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (fig 比喻) fit together; combine neatly 吻合; 密合: My plans dovetailed nicely with hers. 我的计划和她的计划非常吻合./ˈdaʊədʒə(r); `daᴜədʒɚ/ n  1 woman who holds a title or property because of her dead husband's position 因亡夫之地位而持有称号或财产的寡妇: [attrib 作定语] the dowager duchess 公爵遗孀.  2 (infml 口) dignified, usu wealthy, elderly woman 年长的贵妇人.adv. n [U]./ˈdaʊdɪ; `daᴜdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬)  1 (of clothes, etc) dull; unfashionable; drab （指衣物等）单调的, 过时的.  2 (of a person) dressed in dowdy clothes （指人）穿着单调的或过时的. /ˈdaʊəl; `daᴜəl/ n wooden or metal pin with no head for holding two pieces of wood, metal, stone, etc together 暗榫; 暗钉; 合缝钉./daʊn; daᴜn/ adv part (For special uses with many vs, see the v entries. 与动词搭配的特殊用法见有关动词词条. )  1 (a) from a higher to a lower level 从高到低; 向下: pull down a blind 拉下窗帘 * fall, climb, jump, etc down 跌下、爬下、跳下 * The sun went down below the horizon. 太阳落山, 消失于地平线下. * The ice-cream slipped down easily  it was cold and delicious. 冰激凌到嘴就化--咽下去又凉快又可口. (b) (moving) from an upright position to a horizontal one 从竖着的位置（移动到）横着的位置; 倒下: knock sb down 把某人打倒 * go and lie down 去躺下. (c) with the body positioned at a lower level 使躯体处于较低位置: sit, kneel, crouch, etc down 坐下、跪下、蹲下 * He bent down to pick up his gloves. 他弯身拾起他的手套. Cf 参看 up 1a.  2 (indicating place or state 指地点或状态): Mary is not down yet, ie She is in bed or still in an upstairs room. 玛丽还没下来呢（未下床或未下楼）. * The level of unemployment is down. 失业率在下降. * We're two goals down already, ie The other team has scored two goals and we have scored none. 我们已落後两分. Cf 参看 up 2.  3 (a) away from an important place, esp a large city 离开重要的地方（尤指大城市）: move down from London to the country 离开伦敦搬到乡下. (b) (Brit) away from a university, esp Oxford or Cambridge 离开大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）: going down at the end of the year 年底将大学毕业. (c) to or in the south of the country 向南方; 在南方: living down south 住在南方. Cf 参看 up 4.  4 (indicating a decrease in volume, activity or quality 表示量或活动的减少或质量的下降): boil the liquid down 把液体煮得蒸发掉一些 * calm/quieten/settle down 宁静[安静/安顿]下来 * The fire burnt down. 火势渐渐减弱. * The noise was dying down. 噪声渐渐减低. * The wine was watered down for the children. 用水把葡萄酒冲淡给孩子喝. * The heels of these shoes are quite worn down. 鞋後跟磨损得很厉害.  5 (a) (written) on paper 在纸上（写）: write it down 写下来 * copy/note/put/take sth down 抄下[摘记下/写下/记下]某事物. (b) added to a list 加入清单中: Have you got me down for the team? 你把我加进球队名单里了吗?  6 ~ (to sb/sth) (indicating the upper (and lower) limits in a range 表示上（或下）限): Everyone played well, from the captain down. 上自队长下至每个队员都表现得很好. * Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head girl down to the youngest pupil. 上自首席女学长下至年龄最小的学生, 没有一个不受到怀疑的.  7 (a) (with a specified amount of money) spent or lost 花掉或失去（某钱数）: After paying all the bills, I found myself 5 down. 付清所有帐单後, 我知道共花了5英镑. (b) as a deposit 作为定金: Pay me 50 down and the rest at the end of the month. 先付给我50英镑定金, 余款要月底付清. * [attrib 作定语] Pay me 50 as a down payment. 先付给我50英镑定钱.  8 (used in measuring one's progress through a series of individual people, things, etc 用以计算进度（如处理人、事物等的数量）): That's 10 down, another 5 candidates to see yet. 已经面试了10人, 还有5人要见.  9 (idm 习语) be down on sb (infml 口) feel, show or express disapproval or hostility towards sb 对某人感到、表示或表达出不满或有敌意: She's terribly down on people who don't do things her way. 她对不按她的要求做事的人十分不满. be down to sb be dependent on sb 依赖、依靠或依仗某人: It's down to you now to look after the family business. 现在得靠你照管家族生意了. be down to sth have only a little (money) left 只剩一点儿（钱）: be down to one's last penny, pound, etc 只剩下最後一便士、一镑等 * I'm afraid I can't buy you a drink  I'm down to my last 50p. 很抱歉, 我不能请你喝什么了--我只剩下50便士了. be/go down with sth have or catch an illness 有病; 得病: Peter can't play tomorrow, he's (gone) down with flu. 彼得明天不能参赛了, 他得了流感. ,down and `out having no home, money, etc; destitute 无家、无钱等; 穷困潦倒: He looked completely down and out. 他看上去已穷困潦倒. * [attrib 作定语] ,down-and-out ,homeless `people 穷困潦倒、无家可归的人. down below in or to the basement of a building or to the hold of a ship, etc 在底下, 到底下（地下室、船舱等）. ,down `stage (of sb/sth) at or to the part of the stage nearest the audience 在（或向）舞台前 部: move down stage (of the other actors) 向舞台前方移动（到其他演员的前面）. down through sth throughout (a considerable period of time) 经过（相当长的一段时间）: Down through the years this town has seen many changes. 经过这些年, 这城市有了许多变化. down `under (infml 口) in Australia 在澳大利亚: Down under they speak their own kind of English. 在澳大利亚, 人们说的是当地的英语. down with sb/sth (used to express a wish that a person, a group or an institution should be banned or abolished 用以表示打倒或取消某人、某团体或某机构): Down with the government! 打倒政府! * Down with school uniforms! 取消穿校服的规定!

/daʊn; daᴜn/ prep  1 from a high or higher point on (sth) to a lower one 从高处向下: The stone rolled down the hill. 石头滚下山. * Tears ran down her face. 眼泪从她脸上流下. * Her hair hung down her back to her waist. 她的长发披在後背直垂到腰间.  2 at or to a lower part of (sth) 在或向低处: There's a bridge a mile down the river from here. 从这里沿河往下一英里处有一座桥.  3 (of flat surfaces or areas) along; towards the direction in which one is facing （指平面或区域）沿着, 顺着（面对的方向）: He lives just down the street. 他就住在街的那头. * Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights. 沿路前行直至有交通灯处.  4 (of periods of time) throughout （指时间段落）贯穿, 遍及: an exhibition of costumes down the ages, ie from all periods of history 历代服装展览.

/daʊn; daᴜn/ v [Tn]  1 knock (sb) to the ground 将（某人）打倒在地上.  2 (infml 口) finish (a drink) quickly 很快喝下（饮料）: We downed our beer and left. 我们一口气把啤酒喝光就走了.  3 (idm 习语) ,down `tools (Brit) (a) (of workers) stop working, usu abruptly （指工人）停止工作（通常为突然地）: As soon as the clock strikes five, they down tools and off they go. 钟一敲五点, 他们就撂下工作走人. (b) refuse to continue working, as in a strike 拒绝继续工作（如在罢工中）.

/daʊn; daᴜn/ n (idm 习语) have a down onsb/sth (infml 口) disapprove of or feel hostile towards sb/sth 讨厌或敌视某人[某事物]: She's got a `down on me; I don't know why. 她很讨厌我, 我不知道为什么. ups and downs => up n.

/daʊn; daᴜn/ n [U]  1 very fine soft feathers 绒羽; 羽绒: pillows filled with down 羽绒枕头.  2 fine soft hair 绒毛; 汗毛; 软毛; 毫毛; 茸毛: The first down was beginning to appear on the young boy's face. 那小男孩的脸上渐渐长出了汗毛./ˈdaʊn drɑːft; <i>US</i> dræft; `daᴜn ˌdræft/ downward current of air, esp one that moves down a chimney into a room 向下的气流（尤指从烟囱倒灌入室者）./ˈdaʊnz sɪndrəʊm; `daᴜnzˌsɪndrom/ (also mongolism) abnormal condition in which a person is born with a broad flattened skull, slanting eyes and mental deficiency 唐氏综合症（一种头颅宽扁、眼斜的先天白痴）.n destitute person 穷困潦倒的人./ˌdaʊnˈhɑːtɪd; `daᴜn`hɑrtɪd/ adj in low spirits; depressed 情绪低落的; 消沉的: Don't be too down-hearted; things will get better. 别那么垂头丧气, 事情会好起来的./ˌdaʊn ˈmɑːkɪt; `daᴜn ˌmɑrkɪt/ adj (of products, services, etc) designed to appeal to or satisfy people in the lower social classes （指产品、服务等）面向社会低层的, 低档的. Cf 参看 up-market.adj practical; sensible 脚踏实地的; 现实的; 实际的: He needs to marry a down-to-earth person who will organize his life for him. 他需要娶个讲求实际的人做妻子好为他安排生活./ˈdaʊnbiːt; `daᴜnˌbit/ n (music 音) first beat of a bar (when the conductor's hand moves downwards) 下拍（乐队指挥向下的手势）. Cf 参看 upbeat.

adj (infml 口)  1 gloomy; pessimistic 忧郁的; 悲观的.  2 relaxed; not showing strong feelings 松弛的; 不强烈的./ˈdaʊnkɑːst; <i>US</i> ˈdaʊnkæst; `daᴜnˌkæst/ adj  1 (of eyes) looking downwards （指眼睛）目光向下的.  2 (of a person, an expression, etc) depressed; sad （指人、表情等）沮丧的, 悲哀的: He seemed very downcast at the news. 那消息似乎使他非常难过./ˈdaʊnə(r); `daᴜnɚ/ n (sl 俚)  1 drug having a depressant effect, esp a barbiturate 抑制药, 镇静药（尤指巴比妥类）. Cf 参看 upper n 2.  2 depressing experience, person, etc 令人沮丧的经历、人等: What a downer that guy is! 那家伙多让人泄气呀!/ˈdaʊnfɔːl; `daᴜnˌfɔl/ n [sing]  1 fall from a position of prosperity or power 衰落; 败落; 垮台: Greed led to his downfall. 他贪得无厌而导致身败名裂.  2 thing that causes this 衰落、败落、垮台等的原因: His vanity was his downfall. 他因虚荣心太重而垮台./ˈdaʊngreɪd; `daᴜnˌˇred/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb/sth to a lower grade, rank or level of importance 使某人[某事物]降级、降职或降低重要性: She's been downgraded (from principal) to deputy. 她已（从校长）降为副校长. Cf 参看 upgrade./ˌdaʊnˈhɪl; `daᴜnˌhɪl/ adv  1 towards the bottom of a hill; in a downward direction 向山下; 向下.  2 (idm 习语) ,go down`hill get worse (in health, fortune, social status, etc); deteriorate （健康状况、运气、社会地位等）走下坡路, 每况愈下; 恶化: This part of the town used to be fashionable, but it's starting to go downhill. 该市这一地区一度很繁华, 如今已江河日下.

adj  1 [attrib 作定语] going or sloping towards the bottom of a hill 下山的; 下坡的; 向山下倾斜的: a ,downhill `race 下山比赛.  2 (infml 口) easy compared to what came before （与前相较）容易的: The difficult part is learning the new computer codes  after that it's all downhill. 困难的部分是学会计算机的新编码--其余就轻而易举了./ˈdaʊnɪŋ striːt; `daᴜnɪŋˌstrit/ (a) London street where the British Prime Minister's official residence is 唐宁街（伦敦街道名, 英国首相官邸所在地）. (b) (fig 比喻) the Prime Minister or the British Government 英国首相; 英国政府: Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports. 英国政府对这些报道迄今不予置评./ˌdaʊnˈləʊd; ˌdaᴜn`lod/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (computing 计) transfer (a program, data, etc) from a large computer system to a smaller one 将（程序, 资料等）从大计算机系统输入小计算机系统./ˈdaʊnpɔː(r); `daᴜnˌpɔr/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) heavy, usu sudden, fall of rain 倾盆大雨: be caught in a downpour 遇上瓢泼大雨./ˈdaʊnraɪt; `daᴜnˌraɪt/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of sth undesirable) thorough; complete （指不喜欢的事物）彻底的, 十足的, 完全的: a downright lie 彻头彻尾的谎言 * downright stupidity 愚不可及.  2 frank; straightforward 坦白的; 直率的.

adv thoroughly 彻底地: He wasn't just inconsiderate, he was downright rude. 他岂止不体谅人, 简直是十分粗暴./daʊnz; daᴜnz/ n [pl] the downs area of open rolling land, esp the chalk hills of S England 开阔的丘陵地（尤指英格兰南部的石灰岩丘陵）: the North, South, Sussex, etc Downs 北部的、南部的、苏塞克斯的...丘陵地./ˌdaʊnˈsteəz; `daᴜn`stɛrz/ adv  1 down the stairs 顺楼梯而下: He fell downstairs and broke his wrist. 他从楼梯跌下, 摔伤了手腕.  2 on or to a lower floor 在楼下; 往楼下: They're waiting for us downstairs. 他们在楼下等我们. Cf 参看 upstairs.

adj [attrib 作定语]: the downstairs toilet 楼下的厕所. downstairs n [sing v] lower floor of a building, esp the ground floor 楼下（尤指一楼）: The whole downstairs needs repainting. 楼下全层需要重新粉刷./ˌdaʊnˈstriːm; ˌdaᴜn`strim/ adv in the direction in which a river flows 顺流而下; 朝下游方向: drift, float, etc downstream 顺流漂浮. Cf 参看 upstream./ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn; `daᴜn`taᴜn/ adv (esp US) to or in the centre of a city, esp the main business and commercial district 朝着或位于城市的中心区（尤指闹市及商业区）: go, move, live downtown 前往、搬往、住在闹市 * [attrib 作定语] downtown Manhattan 曼哈顿商业区. Cf 参看 uptown./ˈdaʊntrɒdn; `daᴜn`trɑdn/ adj kept down and badly treated; oppressed 受蹂躏的; 受践踏的; 受压迫的: downtrodden workers 受压迫的工人./ˈdaʊnwəd; `daᴜnwɚd/ adj [usu attrib 通常 作定语] moving, leading or pointing to what is lower or less important 向下的; 下降的; 降低的: a downward movement, slope 下行、下坡 * a downward trend in prices 价格下降的趋势 * (fig 比喻) on the downward path, ie getting worse 走下坡路（日益恶化）.adv towards what is lower 向下地: She laid the picture face downward on the table. 她把那幅画正面朝下放在桌上. * The garden sloped gently downwards towards the river. 花园呈缓坡向河边倾斜. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2./ˈdaʊnɪ; `daᴜnɪ/ adj like or covered with down5 像绒毛的; 有羽绒的; 有软毛的./ˈdaʊərɪ; `daᴜrɪ/ n [C, U] property or money brought by a bride to her husband 嫁妆; 嫁奁; 妆奁.= douse.

/daʊz; daᴜs/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) look for underground water or minerals by using a Y-shaped stick or rod that dips or shakes when it comes near water, etc 用占卜杖探水或探矿.n person who does this; diviner 用占卜杖探水或探矿者./dɒkˈsɒlədʒɪ; dɑks`ɑlədʒɪ/ n hymn or other prayer praising God, esp one sung during a church service 三一颂; 赞美歌./ˈdɔɪən; `dɔɪən/ (US usu 美式英语通常作 dean /di:n; din/) (fem 阴性作 doyenne / dRI5en; dRI`Zn/) n senior member of a group, profession, etc （团体、职业等的）资深者, 老前辈, 元老: She founded the club and is now our doyenne. 她创建了这个俱乐部, 现在是我们的元老. * the doyen of the French Department 法语系的老前辈.= doily.=> doyleyabbr 缩写 = dozen: 3 doz eggs  3打鸡蛋./dəʊz; doz/ v [I, Ip]  1 sleep lightly 小睡; （打）瞌睡; 打盹儿.  2 (phr v) doze off fall into a light sleep 打（起）瞌睡（来）; 打（起）盹儿（来）: I dozed off during the film. 我看电影时打起盹儿来了.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) short light sleep 小睡; 瞌睡; 盹儿: I had a quick doze on the train. 我在火车上打了一会儿瞌睡./ˈdʌzn; `dʌzn/ n (pl ~s or unchanged when counting sth 作量词时复数不变) (abbr 缩写 doz)  1 set of twelve （一）打（十二个）: Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打卖. * They're 70p a dozen. 这卖70便士一打. * Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧. * [attrib 作定语] Half a dozen (ie 6) eggs, please. 我要半打鸡蛋. * We need three dozen boxes. 我们需要三打盒子. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) a baker's dozen => baker. one's daily dozen => daily. a dime a dozen => dime. dozens of (infml 口) lots of 许多: She's got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友多极了. talk, etc, nineteen to the `dozen talk, etc continually 不停地谈、说等: They were chatting away nineteen to the dozen. 他们聊个没完. (it is) ,six of `one and ,half a dozen of the `other there is very little difference between the one and the other 两者几无区别; 半斤八　: I can't tell whether he or she is to blame  it's six of one and half a dozen of the other. 我说不好他们俩谁是谁非--一个半斤, 一个八　./ˈdəʊzɪ; `dozɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 sleepy 困倦的; 昏昏欲睡的: I'm feeling a bit dozy this afternoon. 今天下午我觉得有点困.  2 (Brit infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: Come on, you dozy lot  use your heads! 快点, 你们这群笨蛋--开动脑筋嘛!/ˌdiː ˈfɪl; ˌdi `fɪl/ abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Philosophy （哲学）博士: have/be a DPhil in History 有历史学博士学位[为历史学博士] * Hugh Benson DPhil 豪·本森哲学博士. Cf 参看 PhD./ˌdiː piː ˈpiː; ˌdi pi `pi/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Director of Public Prosecutions 检察官.abbr 缩写 =  1 (academic or medical) Doctor 博士; 医生: Dr (James) Walker （詹姆斯·）沃克医生（或博士）.  2 (in street names) Drive （作街道名的）路, 大道: 21 Elm Dr 埃尔姆大街21号.abbr 缩写 =  1 drachma(s): dr 500 500德拉克马.  2 dram(s)./dræb; dræb/ adj dull; uninteresting 单调的; 乏味的: a drab evening, existence, personality 单调乏味的夜晚、生活、个性 * dressed in drab colours 衣着色彩灰暗. adv. n [U]./ˈdrækmə; `drækmə/ n (pl -mas or -mae /-mi:; -mi/) unit of money in Greece 德拉克马（希腊货币单位）./drəˈkəʊnɪən; drə`konɪən/ adj (fml 文) very harsh 严厉的; 严酷的: Draconian measures, laws, policies, etc 严厉的措施、法律、政策等./drɑːft; <i>US</i> dræft; dræft/ n  1 [C] rough preliminary written version of sth 草稿; 草案: This is only the draft of my speech, but what do you think of it? 这仅仅是我演讲的草稿, 你认为怎样? * [attrib 作定语] a draft amendment, copy, version 修正草案、草稿、初稿.  2 (finance 财) (a) [C] written order to a bank to pay money to sb 汇票: a draft on an American bank 向一家美国银行提款的汇票. (b) [U] payment of money by means of such an order 汇票的支付.  3 [CGp] group of people chosen from a larger group for a special purpose 特遣队; 特别小组: We're sending a fresh draft of nurses to the worst hit area. 我们新派遣一组护理人员开赴受灾最重的地区.  4 the draft [sing] (US) = call-up(call2).  5 [C] (US) = draught.

/drɑːft; <i>US</i> dræft; dræft/ v  1 [Tn] make a preliminary version of (a document) 草拟, 起草（文件）: draft a contract, parliamentary bill, treaty, etc 起草一份合同、议会法案、条约等 * I'm still drafting the first chapter. 我还在草拟第一章. * a badly drafted will 草拟不当的遗嘱.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] choose (people) and send them somewhere for a special task 选派; 抽调: Extra police are being drafted in to control the crowds. 现正额外抽调警察去控制人群.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) (US) conscript sb 徵募; 徵召: be drafted into the Army, Navy, etc 被徵召加入陆军、海军等.n (US) card summoning a man to serve in the armed forces 徵兵卡.n (US) man illegally evading the draft1(4)逃避兵役者./ˌdrɑːfˈtiː; <i>US</i> ˌdræfˈtiː; dræf`ti/ n (US) conscript 应徵入伍者./ˈdrɑːftsmən; <i>US</i> ˈdræfts-; `dræftsmən/ n (pl -men)  1 person responsible for the careful and exact wording of a legal document or parliamentary bill （法律文件或议会法案的）起草人.  2 (US) = draughtsman.(US) = draughty./dræg; dræˇ/ n  1 [C] thing made to be dragged, eg a drag-net, or heavy harrow (pulled over the ground to break up the soil) 供拖、拉之物（如拖网或重耙　）.  2 [U] resistance of the air to the movement of an aircraft （飞行器的）空气阻力. Cf 参看 liftn 4.  3 [sing] (sl 俚) boring person or thing 累赘的或使人生厌的人或事物: Walking's a drag  let's take the car. 走路太费事--我们坐汽车吧.  4 [U] (sl 俚) woman's clothes worn by a man 男子穿的女子服装: in drag （男子）穿着女服 * [attrib 作定语] a drag artiste 着女服的男艺人.  5 [C] (sl 俚) draw on a cigarette, etc 吸, 抽（香烟等）.  6 [sing] ~ on sb/sth (infml 口) person or thing that makes progress difficult 累赘的人或事物; 障碍: She loves her family, but they're a drag on her career. 她热爱自己的家庭, 但家庭却是她事业的累赘.

/dræg; dræˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull(sb/sth) along with effort and difficulty 拖, 拉, 扯, 拽（某人[某物]）: The cat was dragging its broken leg. 那只猫拖着断腿吃力地走. * We dragged the fallen tree clear of the road. 我们把倒下的树从路上拖走. * drag oneself along, home 拖着疲乏的身子前行、回家. =>illus at pull 见pull之插图. =>Usage at pull2 pull2.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move slowly and with effort 缓慢而吃力地行进: She always drags behind. 她总是在後面吃力地跟着.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (fig 比喻) persuade (sb) to come or go somewhere unwillingly 劝说（某人）勉为其难地来或去某处: I could hardly drag the children away (from the party). 我好不容易才把孩子们（从聚会中）劝走. * She dragged herself out of bed, still half asleep. 她挣扎着起了床, 犹自睡眼惺松.  4 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) trail on the ground （使某物）在地上拖拉: Your coat's dragging in the mud. 你的大衣拖到泥上了. * The ship dragged her anchor during the storm, ie The anchor did not stay in its place on the sea bottom. 船在暴风雨中拖动了锚链.  5 [I, Ip] ~ (on) (of sth boring or irritating) go on too long （指乏味或恼人的事物）进行过久: The film dragged terribly. 电影演得拖拖拉拉. * How much longer is this going to drag on? 这事还要拖多久?  6 [Tn] search (the bottom of a river, lake, etc) with nets, hooks, etc 拖着网、钩等（沿河底、湖底等）搜索, 寻觅, 打捞: They dragged the canal for the missing child. 他们用拖网沿运河打捞失踪孩子的尸体.  7 (idm 习语) drag one's `feet/`heels be deliberately slow or ineffective 故意拖沓或怠工: I want to sell the house, but my husband is dragging his feet, ie will not make a decision. 我想卖掉房子, 但我丈夫迟迟不作决定. drag sb/sb's name through the mire/mud bring disgrace to sb by behaving very badly 使某人蒙羞、丢丑.  8 (phr v) drag sb down make sb feel weak or depressed 使某人感到萎顿或沮丧: Hot weather always drags me down. 天气一热我就浑身不适. drag sb down (to sth) (infml 口) bring sb to a lower social level, standard of behaviour, etc 使某人社会地位、行为标准等下降: I'm afraid the children will all be dragged down to his level. 我看他的孩子也要跟他学坏了. drag sth in/into sth introduce (a subject which has nothing to do with what is being talked about) into the conversation 在谈话中扯进不相关的事: Must you drag politics into everything? 你非得事事都把政治扯进来吗? drag sb into doing sth make sb take part in an activity against his will 硬拉某人参加某活动: She had to be dragged into seeing the dentist. 要她去牙科医生那里看病非得生拉硬拽不可. drag sth out make sth longer than necessary 使某事物不必要地拖延: Let's not drag out this discussion, we've got to reach a decision. 这场讨论别拖下去了, 我们得作个决定了. drag sth out (of sb) make sb reveal or give (information, etc) unwillingly 迫使某人透露或交代（情况等）: drag a confession, fact, concession, etc out of sb 逼某人招供、说出事实、作出让步等. drag sb up (Brit) raise (a child) badly and without proper care 将（孩子）胡乱带大. drag sth up introduce unnecessarily into a conversation (a fact, story, etc that is considered unpleasant) 在谈话中扯进（不愉快的事情等）: She dragged up that incident just to embarrass me. 她又扯起那件事故意想使我难堪.contest of acceleration between cars starting from a standstill 汽车加速赛. `drag racing.n hunt in which dogs follow the trail of a strong-smelling object dragged over the ground 追猎（猎犬循地上臭迹追踪）.n (a) net pulled along the bottom of a river, etc, esp when searching for sth 拖网. (b) (fig 比喻) system of checks, raids, etc by the police for catching criminals 法网; 罗网; 兜捕./ˈdrægəld; `dræˇld/ adj = bedraggled./ˈdrægəmən; `dræˇəmən/ n (pl ~s) (esp formerly in some Middle Eastern countries) guide and interpreter （尤指旧时在某些中东国家的）导游和译员./ˈdrægən; `dræˇən/ n  1 imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire 龙. =>illus 见插图.  2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) fierce person, esp a woman 凶恶的人; （尤指）悍妇: The woman in charge of the accounts department is an absolute dragon! 会计科那个女科长是个十足的母夜叉!/ˈdrægənflaɪ; `dræˇənˌflaɪ/ n insect with a long thin body and two pairs of wings 蜻蜓./drəˈguːn; drə`ˇun/ n heavily-armed cavalryman 重骑兵.

v (phr v) dragoon sb into doing sth force sb to do sth; bully sb into doing sth 迫使或威胁某人做某事: We were dragooned into going to the opera. 我们迫不得已去看了那场歌剧./ˈdrægstə(r); `dræˇstɚ/ n car with a specially adapted motor for drag racing （改装成的）高速赛车./dreɪn; dren/ n  1 pipe or channel that carries away sewage or other unwanted liquid 下水管; 下水道; 阴沟: We had to call a plumber to unblock the drains. 我们得叫管工来通一通下水道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.  2 (US) = plug-hole.  3 (idm 习语) (go) down the `drain (infml 口) be wasted or spoilt 被浪费; 白费: A single mistake and all that time and money would go down the drain. 只要发生一个错误, 全部的时间和金钱就将尽付东流. a drain on sb/sth anything that continuously uses up sb's strength, time, money, etc 消耗精力、时间、金钱等的事物: Military spending is a huge drain on the country's resources. 军费开支是国家资源的一大消耗. laugh like a drain => laugh.

/dreɪn; dren/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (from sth); ~ (sth) (away/off) (cause liquid to) flow away （使液体）流走: All the blood drained from his face, eg on hearing bad news. 他面无人色（如听到坏消息）. * The bath-water slowly drained away. 浴池的水慢慢排走. * The mechanic drained all the oil from the engine. 机械工将发动机中的油全部放走.  2 [Tn, Cn.a] empty (a glass, etc) 喝光, 喝乾（杯...中的饮料）: drain one's glass dry 把杯中饮料喝光.  3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dry as liquid flows away （使某物）流乾, 滴乾: Leave the dishes to drain. 让碟子控乾. * drain swamps/marshes 排乾沼泽地的水 * Land must be well drained for some crops. 某些作物要求土地有良好的排水性能.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) (fig 比喻) make sb/sth weaker, poorer, etc by gradually using up his/its strength, money, etc 消耗或耗尽某人[某物]的精力、金钱等: feel drained of energy 觉得精疲力竭 * a country drained of its manpower 耗尽人力的国家.  5 (idm 习语) drink/drain sth to the dregs => dregs.  6 (phr v) drain away (fig 比喻) gradually disappear or fade 逐渐消失或消退: Her life was slowly draining away, ie She was dying. 她的生命力在慢慢枯竭（她快死了）.n pipe used in a system of drains 排水管. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. ,drain-pipe `trousers (infml dated 口, 旧) tight-fitting trousers with straight narrow legs 瘦腿紧身裤./ˈdreɪnɪdʒ; `drenɪdʒ/ n [U]  1 draining or being drained 排水; 放水.  2 system of drains 排水系统.  3 what is drained off; sewage 排出的污水; 下水道的污物.n area from which water is drained away by a river （河流的）流域.n sloping surface beside a sink, on which washed dishes, etc are put to drain （装在洗涤池边的）滴水板./dreɪk; drek/ n  1 male duck 雄鸭; 公鸭. Cf 参看 duck1 1.  2 (idm 习语) play ducks and drakes with sb => ducks and drakes (duck1)./dræm; dræm/ n  1 (abbr 缩写 dr) unit of weight, one-eighth of an ounce (apothecaries' weight) or one-sixteenth of an ounce (avoirdupois weight) 打兰（重量单位, 为药衡的　盎司或常衡的---盎司）.  2 (esp Scot 尤用于苏格兰) small amount of alcoholic drink, esp whisky 少量的酒（尤指威士忌）: He's fond of his dram. 他喜欢喝一点酒./ˈdrɑːmə; `drɑmə/ n  1 (a) [C] play for the theatre, radio or TV 戏; 剧; 戏剧. (b) [U] plays as a branch of literature and as a performing art 戏剧文学; 戏剧艺术: a masterpiece of Elizabethan drama 伊丽莎白时代的戏剧杰作 * (dated or fml 旧或文) lovers of the drama 戏剧爱好者 * [attrib 作定语] a drama critic, school, student 戏剧评论家、学校、学者.  2 [C] series of exciting events 一连串紧张刺激的事件: a real-life hospital drama 医院中活生生的激动场面.  3 [U, C] excitement 激情: Her life was full of drama. 她的生活充满激动人心的事情.  4 (idm 习语) make a drama out of sth exaggerate a small problem or trivial incident 小题大做; 夸大其词: He makes a drama out of a simple visit to the dentist. 他把看牙这样一件小事弄得小题大做./drəˈmætɪk; drə`mætɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of drama 戏剧的: a dramatic society 戏剧协会 * The play is a dramatic representation of a real event. 这出话剧改编自真人真事.  2 exciting or impressive 戏剧性的; 激动人心的; 给人深刻印象的: dramatic changes, developments, news 激动人心的变化、发展、消息 * Her opening words were dramatic. 她的开场白十分动听.effect produced in a drama, etc when the audience understands the implications of words or actions better than the characters do themselves 戏剧性讽示（一种戏剧效果, 观众领会到剧中人言行的含义而剧中人本身却未领会到）./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: Her attitude changed dramatically. 她的态度突然大大改变.n [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用]  1 study or practice of acting and producing plays 戏剧表演和创作的研究或实践: amateur dramatics 业余戏剧活动.  2 (derog 贬) exaggerated or over-emotional behaviour 夸张的或过分激动的行为: I've had enough of your dramatics. 我看够你装腔作势的表现了./ˌdræmətɪs pɜːˈsəʊnaɪ; `dræmətɪs pɚ`soni/ (fml 文) (list of the) characters in a play 剧中人物（表）.=> dramatization=> dramatize/ˈdræmətɪst; `dræmətɪst/ n writer of plays 剧作家; 编剧./ˌdrmətaɪˈzeɪʃn, -tɪˈz-;ˌdræmətaɪ`zeʃən, -tə`z-/ n [U, C]: a TV dramatization of the trial. 据审判纪实改编成的电视剧./ˈdræmətaɪz; `dræməˌtaɪz/ v  1 [Tn] make (eg a novel or an event) into a play 将（小说或事件）改编成剧本: a dramatized documentary, ie a play based on a report of real events 基于真实事件报道而改编成的戏剧.  2 [I, Tn] make (an incident, etc) seem more dramatic than it really is 使（事情）戏剧化; 夸张: Don't believe everything she tells you; she tends to dramatize. 她的话不可尽信; 她往往言过其实. * The affair was dramatized by the press. 新闻界把事情夸大了. pt of drink3./dreɪp; drep/ v  1 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc) loosely on sth 将（衣物、帘、幕、斗篷等）悬挂, 披: a fur coat draped round her shoulders 披在她肩上的皮大衣 * Dust-sheets were draped over the furniture. 家具上盖着防尘布. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) cover or decorate sb/sth (with cloth, etc) （用布等）遮盖或装饰某人[某事物]: Dracula appeared, draped in a huge cloak. 吸血鬼披着一件大斗篷走了出来. * walls draped with tapestries 饰有挂毯的墙壁.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth allow sth to rest loosely on sth 将某物随便围在或放在另一物上: She draped her arms around his neck. 她伸开双臂轻轻地搂着他的脖子.

n  1 [sing] way in which a curtain, dress, etc hangs （帘、幕、衣、裙等）悬挂状.  2 [C] (US) = curtain./ˈdreɪpə(r); `drepɚ/ n (Brit) shopkeeper who sells cloth and clothing 布商; 服装商./ˈdreɪpərɪ; `drepərɪ/ n  1 [U] (Brit) (US dry goods) draper's trade or goods 布料及服装业或所经售的货物: [attrib 作定语] the drapery department 布料及服装部.  2 [C, U] cloth, etc hanging in loose folds 打摺悬挂的布等./ˈdræstɪk; `dræstɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 having a strong or violent effect 激烈的; 猛烈的; 烈性的: Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order. 为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施.  2 very serious 极严重的: a drastic shortage of food 食物的严重匮乏. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./dræt; dræt/ interj (infml 口) (used to express one's annoyance with sb/sth 用以表示讨厌某人[某事物]): Drat that child! 讨厌的孩子! > dratted adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口): This dratted pen won't work. 这枝讨厌的钢笔写不出字来./drɑːft; dræft/ (US draft/ drAft; drAft/) n  1 [C] current of air in a room or some other enclosed space 通风; 气流: Can you close the door? There's an awful draught in here. 你把门关上好吗? 这里过堂风太大. * As the train began to move a pleasant draught cooled us all down. 火车一开, 一阵凉风吹来, 我们顿感凉爽.  2 [U, sing] (nautical 海) depth of water needed to float a ship （船的）吃水深度: vessels of shallow draught 吃水浅的船只.  3 [C] one continuous process of swallowing liquid; the amount swallowed 一饮; 一口之量: take a deep/long draught of beer 喝一大口啤酒 * He emptied his glass at one draught. 他将杯中物一饮而尽. * (fig 比喻) He took a deep draught of air into his lungs. 他深深地吸了一口气.  4 draughts (Brit) (US checkers) [sing v] table game for two players using 24 round pieces on a chequered board 国际跳棋（两人对下, 用24个圆形棋子在方格棋盘上进行）.  5 (idm 习语) on `draught drawn from a container, esp of beer from a barrel 从容器中汲取（尤指桶装的啤酒）: winter ale on draught 桶装冬麦芽酒.

adj [attrib 作定语] served on draught （自桶中汲取）散装的: draught bitter, cider, lager, etc 散装苦啤酒、苹果酒、贮藏啤酒等.(Brit) (US checkerboard) n board (identical to a chessboard) used for playing draughts 国际跳棋棋盘.n horse used for pulling loads 役马; 挽马. Cf 参看 pack-animal (pack1).n [U]./ˈdrɑːftsmən; `dræftsmən/ (US draftsman / 5drAfts-; `drAfts-/) n (pl -men /-mEn; -mEn/)  1 person whose job is to make plans and sketches of machinery, buildings, etc 起草人; 制图员.  2 person who can draw well 善画者; 美术家: I'm no draughtsman, I'm afraid, ie no good at drawing. 我根本不擅长画画.  3 (Brit) (US checker) piece used in the game of draughts 国际跳棋棋子./ˈdrɑːftɪ; `dræftɪ/ (US drafty / 5drAftI; `drAftI/)adj (-ier, -iest) with draughts of air blowing through 通风的; 有过堂风的; 有穿堂风的: It's terribly draughty in here. 这儿穿堂风大极了. /drɔː; drɔ/ n  1 (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (for sth) act of picking at random tickets in a lottery, matches in a tournament, etc 抽奖; 抽签; 抓斗龟儿: The draw for the raffle takes place on Saturday. 抽彩仪式星期六举行. * the draw for the second round of the European Cup 为欧洲杯足球赛第二轮抽签. (b) lottery in which the winner is chosen this way 奖券; 彩票. Cf 参看 raffle.  2 result of a game in which neither player or side wins 平局; 不分胜负: The match ended in a draw 2-2. 比赛以2比2打成平局结束.  3 (usu sing 通常作单数) person or thing that attracts people 有吸引力的人或事物: A live band is always a good draw at a party. 现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的.  4 act of drawing at a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸烟; 抽烟斗.  5 (idm 习语) the luck of the draw => luck. (be) quick/slow on the `draw (a) quick/slow at pulling out one's gun, etc 掏出枪等敏捷[迟缓]. (b) (infml 口) quick/slow to understand 领悟敏捷[迟钝]: He's a nice lad, but a bit slow on the draw. 他是个挺不错的小伙子, 就是头脑欠灵活.

/drɔː; drɔ/ v (pt drew/ dru:; dru/, pp drawn/drR:n; drRn/)  1 [I, Tn] make (pictures or a picture of sth) with a pencil, etc 用铅笔等画（画）: You draw beautifully. 你画得很好看. * She drew a house. 她画了一所房子. * draw a diagram, plan, flow chart, etc 画一示意图、平面图、流程图等 * (fig 比喻) The report drew a grim picture of inefficiency and corruption. 该报告描绘出一幅缺乏效率和贪污腐化的可怕情景.  2 [Ipr, Ip] move in the specified direction 向某方向移动: The train drew in/into the station. 火车进站. * The car drew slowly away from the kerb. 汽车慢慢驶离路边. * One horse drew further and further ahead. 有一匹马在前面, 把後面的落得越来越远了. * A pilot boat drew alongside, ie next to a ship. 一条领港船驶近船边. * (fig 比喻) Christmas is drawing near. 圣诞节日渐临近. * His life was drawing peacefully to its close. 他的生命正平静地走向结束.  3(a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull or guide (sb/sth) into a new position 拉, 拖, 引导（某人[某物]）到一新位置: She drew a cover over the typewriter. 她拿过罩子将打字机套上. * I drew my chair up (to the table). 我把椅子拉近（桌子）. * She drew me onto the balcony. 她把我拉到阳台. * I tried to draw him aside, ie where I could talk to him privately. 我想把他拉到一边（以便私下和他谈谈）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of horses, etc) pull or drag (eg a carriage, a plough) （指马匹等）拉, 拖（如车、　等）: The Queen's coach was drawn by six horses. 女王的御辇是由六匹马拉的. =>Usage at pull2 用法见pull2. (c) [Tn] open or close (curtains, etc) 拉开, 拉上（帘、幕等）.  4 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth out of/from sth; ~ sth out pull sth smoothly out of its present position 抽出、拔出或拉出某物: draw a file from a drawer 从抽屉里取出一份卷宗 * I drew the record out of its sleeve. 我从唱片套中抽出唱片. * Can you draw the cork out? 你能把瓶塞拔出来吗? (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take out (a gun, knife, etc) from its holder, esp in order to attack sb （从枪套、刀鞘等中）拔出（尤指旨在攻击）: She drew a revolver on me. 她拔出手枪对准我. * He came towards me with a drawn sword. 他利剑出鞘, 冲我而来.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) gain or derive sth from study, experience, etc (used esp with the ns shown) 获取, 汲取（知识、经验等）（尤与下列名词连用）: What conclusions did you draw (from your study)? 你（从研究中）得出什么结论? * draw a moral from a story 从故事中汲取教训 * We can draw some lessons for the future (from this accident). （从这起事故中）我们可以为今後汲取教训.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/on sth) make sb say more (about sth) 使某人说出（某事）: She wouldn't be drawn about her private life. 关于她的私生活你就别想让她吐露半点. * I wanted to hear about possible changes, but I couldn't draw them (on that). 我很想听听可能会发生什么变动, 但是（关于这一点）不管怎么打听, 他们就是不说.  7 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (eg a liquid or gas) go in a particular direction by pumping, sucking, etc 将（如液体或气体）抽到, 吸往, 压至: The engine draws water along the pipe. 发动机将水沿管道抽来. * The diaphragm draws air into the lungs. 横膈膜向下运动让空气进入肺部. (b) [I] (of a chimney or fireplace) allow enough air to pass through a fire to make it burn properly （指烟囱或壁炉）通风（使火旺）: The flue should draw better once it's been swept. 烟道一经清扫, 通风情况应好些. (c) [Ipr] ~ at/on sth breathe in smoke from (a cigarette, etc) 吸, 抽（香烟等）: He drew thoughtfully on his pipe. 他抽着烟斗, 若有所思.  8 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from sth) take sth from a larger supply 从某物中抽取或汲取: draw water (from a well) （从井中）汲水 * He drew off a pint of beer from the barrel. 他从酒桶里抽出一品脱啤酒. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sb/sth obtain (sth one needs) from sb/sth 从某人[某物]取得（所需之物）: draw support, comfort, strength, etc from one's family 从家庭获得支持、安慰、力量等 * She drew inspiration from her childhood experiences. 她从童年的经历中吸取了灵感. * We draw our readers from all classes of society. 我们吸引了来自社会各阶层的读者. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take (money) from a bank account （从银行中）取, 提（款）: Can I draw 50 from my account? 我可以从我的帐户上提取50英镑吗? (d) [Tn] receive (wages, etc) 收取, 领取（工资等）: It's good to be drawing a monthly salary again. 现在可真好, 又可以领月薪了.  9 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (to sth) attract or interest sb 吸引某人; 使某人感兴趣: The film is drawing large audiences. 这部影片很卖座. * Her screams drew passers-by to the scene. 她的叫喊声把过路人都吸引到现场. * I felt drawn to this mysterious stranger. 这个神秘的陌生人引起我的注意. * What drew you to (ie made you study) medicine? 是什么原因使你学医的? * The course draws students from all over the country. 这一课程吸引着全国各地的学生. (b) ~ sth (from sb) produce (a reaction or response) 产生（反应或回应）: draw tears, applause, laughter, etc 使人落泪、博得掌声、引人捧腹 * The idea has drawn much criticism from both sides. 那主意招致双方的大量批评. * The competition has drawn a large postbag. 这场竞赛吸引人们寄来大量信件.  10 [Tn, Tn.pr] (finance 财) write out (a cheque, etc) 开出, 签发（支票等）: The bill was drawn on an American bank. 所开票据是经由一家美国银行支付的.  11 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ for sth; ~ sth (from sth) get or take sth by chance 抽签; 抓斗龟: Before playing cards we drew for partners, ie decided who would partner whom by drawing cards. 我们玩牌前用抓牌方式决定游戏伙伴. * draw the winner/the winning ticket (in a raffle, etc) （在抽彩等活动中）抽签决定中奖者 * draw cards from a pack 从一叠牌中抽牌 * draw lots, names from a hat, etc 抽签、从帽子里抓名字斗龟等 * Italy have been drawn to play Spain in the World Cup. 在世界杯足球赛中意大利队抓到斗龟儿定与西班牙队比赛.  12 [I, Tn] finish (a game, etc) without either side winning （比赛等）打成平局, 不分胜负: The two teams drew. 两队打平. * draw three-all/for first place 结局三平[都得第一] * The match was drawn. 比赛不分胜负.  13 [I] (of tea) infuse; brew （指茶）沏, 泡: Let the tea draw (for three minutes). 让茶叶泡开（到三分钟）.  14 [Tn] (nautical 海) (of a ship) require (a certain depth of water) in which to float （船）吃水: a ship drawing 20 feet 吃水20英尺的船.  15 [Tn] (dated 旧) pull out (a tooth) 拔（牙）.  16 [Tn] remove the inner organs of (a chicken, etc) 除去, 取出（鸡等的）内脏.  17 [Tn] pull back the string of (a bow) before firing an arrow 拉, 开（弓）.  18 [Tn] mould a thin string of (metal, plastic, etc) by passing it through a small hole 将（金属、塑料等）拉成或拔成细丝.  19 (idm 习语) at daggers drawn => dagger. cast/draw lots => lot3. bring sth/come/draw to a close =>close5. draw an a`nalogy, a com`parison, a `parallel, etc between sth and sth show how one thing is like or contrasts with another 作类比; 作对照. draw (sb's) attention to sth point sth out (to sb) 令（某人）注意某事物: She drew my attention to an error in the report. 她要我注意报告中的一处错误. * I'm embarrassed about my mistake; please don't draw attention to it, eg by mentioning it to others. 我出了这种错误很不好意思, 请不要和别人提起. draw a `bead (on sb/sth) (infml 口) aim carefully at sb/sth with a gun, etc 用枪等瞄准（某人[某物]）. draw a `blank get no response or result 无回音; 无结果; 落空: I tried looking him up in the directory but I drew a blank, ie his name was not there. 我在电话簿上找他的名字, 但未找到. draw `blood (a) cause sb to bleed 使某人流血. (b) (fig 比喻) hurt sb's feelings 伤某人感情: His wounding remarks clearly drew blood. 他那尖酸刻薄的话显然很伤人. draw `breath (a) pause to breathe deeply after an effort 喘; 歇口气. (b) live 活着: as kind a man as ever drew breath 世上一大好人 * You won't want for a friend as long as I draw breath. 只要我活着, 就永远是你的朋友. draw a distinction between sth and sth show how two things differ 指出两事物间的不同; 将两事物加以区分. draw sb's `fire make sb direct his anger, criticism, etc at oneself, so that others do not have to face it 吸引对方火力; 为别人打掩护. draw one's first/last `breath be born/die 出生[死亡]. draw in one's `horns become defensive or cautious, esp about one's finances 采取守势; 谨慎; （尤指）减缩开支: You'll have to draw your horns in, ie spend less money. 你得紧缩开支了. draw the line at sth/doing sth refuse to do or to tolerate sth 拒绝做某事物; 拒不容忍某事物: I don't mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. 我可以帮忙, 不过什么事都让我干, 那就不行了. * A line has to be drawn somewhere  I can't go on lending you money. 事情总得有个分寸--我不能继续借给你钱了. draw `stumps (in cricket) mark the end of play (by removing the stumps) （板球戏中）结束比赛（撤走三柱门门柱）. draw sb's/sth's `teeth/`fangs make sb/sth harmless 使某人[某事物]不能为害; 使无能为力: Critics fear the bill will have its teeth drawn before it becomes law. 评论家担心法案获通过时已锋芒尽失. draw `trumps (in various card-games) play the trump suit until one's opponents have none left （在各种牌戏中）吊王牌. draw oneself up to one's full `height stand as tall and straight as possible (esp as a sign of determination) 把身体挺得笔直（尤指表示下决心）: `Never!' she replied, drawing herself up to her full height. ｀绝不!＇她昂首挺胸站着, 十分坚决地回答. draw a veil over sth tactfully not say anything about sth 避而不谈某事: I propose to draw a veil over the appalling events that followed. 我建议不要谈及後来发生的那些骇人听闻的事.  20 (phr v) draw back (from sth/doing sth) not take action, esp because one feels unsure or nervous 撤回, 取消（尤因无把握或不安）: draw back from a declaration of/from declaring war 取消宣战决定. draw in (of the hours of daylight) get shorter before winter （指白天的时间）渐短: The days are drawing in. 白天越来越短了. draw sb into sth/doing sth; draw sb in make sb take part in sth, esp against his will 使某人参加某事物（尤指勉强他人）: I found myself being drawn into another dreary argument. 我发现竟然身不由己又参与了一次无聊的争论. * We organize various social activities, but not all the members want to be drawn in. 我们组织了各式各样的社 交活动, 但并非所有会员都愿意参加. draw on (of a time or season) approach （指时间或季节）临近, 接近: Night was drawing on. 夜渐深. draw on/upon sth use sth 使用; 利用; 运用: We drew on her experience throughout the project. 我们这一项目自始至终都借重她的经验. * I shall have to draw on my savings. 我只好动用我的储蓄. draw sb on attract or entice sb 吸引或引诱某人: They drew investors on with visions of instant wealth. 他们吸引了大批投资者, 使他们以为可以立刻发财致富. draw out (of the hours of daylight) become longer in spring （指白天的时间）渐长. draw sb out (about sth) encourage sb to talk, etc 鼓励某人说话等: He's very shy and needs to be drawn out. 他很　腆, 需要鼓励才肯说话. * I drew the old man out about his war experiences. 我设法让那老人讲述了他的战争经历. draw sth out make (an event, etc) longer than usual 将（事情等）拖长: She drew the interview out to over an hour. 她把会见拖长, 超过了一小时. * a long-drawn-out discussion 拖得很久的讨论. draw up (of a vehicle) come to a stop （指车辆等）停下来: The taxi drew up outside the house. 计程车停在房子外面. draw sb up (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) arrange (esp troops) in a special order 使（尤指部队）排好队形: troops drawn up in ranks 整好队形的部队. draw sth up write out (eg a contract, a list) 草拟或写出（如合同, 名单）./ˈdrɔːbæk; `drɔˌbæk/ n ~ (of/to doing sth) disadvantage; problem 不利条件; 缺点; 障碍: The great drawback to living on a main road is the constant noise. 住在通衢大道上的最大缺点就是噪声不断./ˈdrɔːbrɪdʒ; `drɔˌbrɪdʒ/ n bridge (esp formerly across the moat of a castle) that can be pulled up to stop people crossing 吊桥（尤指旧时跨越城堡护壕的）: lower/raise the drawbridge 放下[拉起]吊桥. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图./drɔː(r); drɔr/ n  1 box-like container, with one or more handles but no lid, that slides in and out of a piece of furniture, etc 抽屉: the middle drawer of my desk 我的写字台中间的抽屉 * clear out one's drawers 清理抽屉. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 / 5drR:E(r); `drRL/ (a) (finance 财) person who draws a cheque, etc （支票, 票据等的）开票人, 出票人. (b) person who draws pictures 制图者; 绘图员; 画者: I'm not a very good drawer. 我不擅长绘图./drɔːz; drɔrz/ n [pl] (dated 旧) knickers or underpants 内裤: a pair of drawers 一条内裤./ˈdrɔːɪŋ; `drɔɪŋ/ n  1 [U] art of representing objects by lines, with a pencil, chalk, etc 绘画（艺术）; 制图（技巧）: classes in figure drawing 人物素描课.  2 [C] picture made in this way 图画; 图样: a collection of Italian drawings 意大利素描集.n  1 flat board to which paper is fixed while a drawing is made 制图板; 绘图板.  2 (idm 习语) (go) back to the drawing-board prepare a new plan for sth because an earlier one has failed （失败後）重新做: They've rejected our proposal, so it's back to the drawing-board, I'm afraid. 他们已经拒绝了我们的建议, 看来我们得从头来了.n flat-headed pin for fastening paper, etc to a board, wall, etc 图钉./ˈdrɔːɪŋ rʊm, -ruːm; `drɔɪŋˌrᴜm, -rum/ n room, esp in a large private house, in which people relax and guests are received and entertained 客厅（尤指私人大宅中的）. Cf 参看 living room (living)./drɔːl; drɔl/ v [I, Tn, Tn.p] speak or say (sth) in a slow lazy manner, with drawn-out vowels 拖长腔调慢吞吞地说（话）: drawl (out) one's words 拉长调说话.

n [sing] drawling manner of speaking 拖长腔调慢吞吞的说话方式: a broad Texan drawl 得克萨斯州人字字拉长调的说话方式./drɔːn; drɔn/ adj (of a person or his face) looking very tired or worried （指人或人脸）疲惫的, 憔悴的, 愁眉苦脸的: She looked pale and drawn after weeks of sleepless nights. 她经历了数周不眠之夜, 看上去脸色苍白, 形容憔悴.

pp of draw2.n string that can be pulled so as to close a bag, purse, garment, etc （口袋、钱包、衣服等的）束带, 拉绳./dreɪ; dre/ n low flat cart for carrying heavy loads, esp barrels from a brewery 板车, 大车（尤指装运酿造厂的大木桶者）.n horse used for pulling a dray 拉板车的马./dred; drɛd/ n  1 [U, C] great fear; terror 恐惧; 畏惧: He has always stood in dread of his father. 他一见到他父亲就害怕. * She has a dread of hospitals. 她害怕医院.  2 [C] thing that is greatly feared 令人惧怕的事物: Poverty is many people's constant dread. 人常怕受穷.

v [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tg, Tsg] fear (sth) greatly 惧怕, 害怕, 畏惧（某事）: dread illness/being ill 害怕生病 * I dread that I may never see you again. 我很怕再也见不到你了. * We all dread to think what will happen if the factory closes. 假如工厂关闭可怎么办, 我们想及此事都不寒而栗. * The moment I had been dreading had arrived. 使我一直忐忑不安的时刻已经来到. dreaded adj greatly feared 非常可怕的: the dreaded scourge of smallpox 可怕的天花祸害./ˈdredfl; `drɛdfəl/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] causing great fear or suffering; shocking 产生极大恐惧或痛苦的; 使人震惊的: a dreadful accident, disease, nightmare 可怕的事故、疾病、恶梦 * He has to live with the dreadful knowledge that he caused their deaths. 他知道是自己使他们丧命而终生痛苦.  2 (infml 口) bad, boring or annoying 糟糕的; 讨厌的; 烦人的: What dreadful weather! 天气糟透了! * a dreadful film, man, meal, country 糟糕的影片、人、饭菜、国家 * The noise was dreadful. 噪声真讨厌.  3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used intensively 用以加强语气): I'm afraid it's all a dreadful mistake. 看来全都大错特错了./-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv  1 in a serious or shocking manner 严重地; 厉害地; 骇人地: dreadfully injured 严重受伤.  2 (infml 口) badly 糟糕: This article is dreadfully written. 这篇文章写得糟极了.  3 (infml 口) very 非常; 极其: I'm afraid it's dreadfully late. 我看已经太迟了.n [U]./ˈdredlɒks; `drɛdˌlɑks/ n [pl] hair worn in long curled strands, esp by Rastafarians 拉斯塔法里式发绺（尤指非洲拉斯塔法里人所蓄满头又长又细的发辫）. =>illus at plait 见plait之插图./ˈdrednɔːt; `drɛdˌnɔt/ n early 20th century battleship 无畏战舰（20世纪初的一种战舰）./driːm; drim/ n  1 [C] sequence of scenes and feelings occurring in the mind during sleep 梦: I have a recurrent dream that I've turned into an elephant. 我屡次梦见自己变成了大象. * Good night -- sweet dreams! 晚安--祝你做好梦!  2 [sing] state of mind in which things happening around one seem unreal 如于梦中的心态: be/live/go around in a (complete) dream （全然）处于[生活在]梦幻中.  3 [C] ambition or ideal, esp when it is unrealistic 抱负; 理想; （尤指）梦想: My son's dream is to be an astronaut. 我儿子的理想是当宇航员. * the car, holiday, home of your dreams 你梦寐以求的汽车、假日、家园 * If I win the tournament, it will be a dream come true, ie something I wanted very much, but did not expect to happen. 我要是能赢得锦标赛, 我的梦想就实现了.  4 [sing] (infml 口) beautiful or wonderful person or thing 美丽或美好的人或事物: Her new dress is an absolute dream. 她的新连衣裙漂亮极了. * [attrib 作定语] a dream house, kitchen 理想的房屋、厨房.  5 (idm 习语) a bad `dream situation that is so unpleasant one cannot believe it is real 噩梦般的处境: You can't be leaving me  this is a bad dream! 你千万不可离开我--这太可怕了! beyond one's wildest dreams => wild. go, etc like a `dream (infml 口) work very well 极好用; 性能极佳: My new car goes like a dream. 我的新汽车开起来得心应手.

/driːm; drim/ v (pt, pp dreamed/ / dri:md; drimd/ or  dreamt/ dremt; drZmt/) =>Usage 见所附用法.  1 (a) [I] have a dream while asleep 做梦: She claims she never dreams. 她说她从来不做梦. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (of sth/doing sth); ~ about sth/doing sth experience sth in a dream 梦见某事物: I dreamt about flying last night. 昨夜我梦见我在飞翔. * Was it real or did I dream it? 是真的还是我当时在做梦? * I dreamt (that) I could fly. 我梦见我能飞翔.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (of/about doing sth) imagine sth 想像、幻想或梦想某事物: I never promised to lend you my car: you must be dreaming! 我从未答应过把汽车借给你: 你是在做梦吧! * He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist. 他梦想有朝一日成为着名的小提琴家. * Who'd have dreamt it? They're getting married! 谁能想像得到? 他们竟然要结婚了! * I never dreamt (that) I'd see you again. 我绝没想到还能看见你.  3 (idm 习语) not dream of sth/doing sth not do sth under any circumstances 无论如何也不做某事物: I should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 我无论如何也不会说出这样的话来. * I'd never dream of allowing my child to do that. 我决不允许我的孩子做那种事.  4 (phr v) dream sth away spend (time) idly 虚度（光阴）: She dreamt her life away, never really achieving anything. 她虚度一生, 一事无成. dream on (infml ironic 口, 反语) continue to hope for sth that will not happen 痴心妄想: So you want a rise? Dream on! 那么说你想加薪? 做梦去吧! dream sth up (infml 口) think of (esp sth imaginative or foolish) 想入非非: Trust you to dream up a crazy scheme like this! 亏你想得出这种异想天开的计划!

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Several verbs have alternative regular and irregular past tense and past participle forms 有些动词兼有规则和不规则的过去式和过去分词的形式: dream, dreamed/dreamt; spoil, spoiled/spoilt. In British English the irregular form (dreamt, spoilt, etc) is preferred. 在英式英语中多用不规则的形式（dreamt、spoilt等）. The regular past tense is more often used when it describes an action that lasts some time 描述动作延续一段时间时, 多用规则的过去式: He learnt his lesson. 他得到了教训. *  She learned a lot about life from her mother. 她从母亲那里学到不少做人的道理. *  He leant against the post and it broke. 他往杆子上一倚, 杆子就断了. *  He leaned out of the window watching the parade. 他从窗口探出身看游行. In US English there is a preference for the regular past tense and past participle forms (dreamed, spoiled, etc). 在美式英语中多用规则的过去式和过去分词的形式（dreamed、spoiled等）. In both British and US English the irregular form of the past participle is found in adjectival uses 在英式英语和美式英语中, 过去分词的不规则形式作形容词用: a spoilt child 宠坏了的孩子 * spilt milk 泼洒了的牛奶 *  a misspelt word 拼错的字.state where sb imagines everything is the way he would like it to be 万事如意的理想境界; 理想世界./-lænd; -ˌlænd/ n [U] (derog 贬) pleasant but unrealistic situation imagined by sb 空想; 幻想: You must be in dream-land if you think he'll pay that much! 要是以为他会给那么多报酬, 不啻是痴人说梦!n  1 person who is dreaming 做梦的人.  2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) person with (seemingly) impractical ideas, plans, etc 梦想家; 空想家: People who said we would go to the moon used to be called dreamers. 从前把那些说我们要登上月球的人都称之为空想家. (b) person who does not concentrate on what happens around him, but daydreams instead 做白日梦者: Don't rely on his memory  he's a bit of a dreamer. 不要相信他的记忆力--他有点神不守舍的./-ɪlɪ; -ɪlɪ/ adv. n [U].adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sleep) without dreams; deep and sound （指睡眠）无梦的, 酣畅的.adj like a dream 如梦的; 梦幻般的./ˈdriːmɪ; `drimɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (of a person) with thoughts far away from his present surroundings, work, etc （指人）心不在焉的.  2 vague or unclear 模糊的; 不清楚的: a dreamy recollection of what happened 对已发生的事情模糊的回忆.  3 (infml 口) pleasantly gentle and relaxing 轻柔的; 轻松恬静的: dreamy music 梦幻般柔曼的音乐.  4 (infml 口) wonderful 绝妙的; 极好的: What a dreamy little house! 多么小巧玲珑的房子啊! /ˈdrɪərəlɪ; `drɪrəlɪ/ adv. n [U]./ˈdrɪərɪ; `drɪrɪ/ (also arch 古语作  drear / drIE(r); drIr/) adj (-ier, -iest)  1 that makes one sad or depressed; dismal; gloomy 使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的; 阴沉的; 忧郁的: a dreary winter day 沉闷的冬日.  2 (infml 口) boring; dull 令人厌烦的; 单调的; 枯燥的: dreary people leading dreary lives 过着无聊生活的无聊的人. /dredʒ; drɛdʒ/ (also dredger) n machine for scooping or sucking mud, etc from the bottom of a river, canal, etc 挖泥机（从河底挖或吸泥等的机器）.

v  1 [Tn] deepen or clear (a river, etc) with a dredge （用挖泥机）疏浚（河道等）: They have to dredge the canal so that ships can use it. 他们须疏浚运河河道轮船方可通航.  2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (from sth) bring sth up using a dredge （用挖泥机）挖出或吸出某物: dredge for oysters 采捞牡蛎 * We're dredging (up) mud (from the river bed). 我们正在（从河床）挖淤泥.  3 (phr v) dredge sth up (usu derog 通常作贬义) mention sth that has been forgotten, esp sth that is unpleasant or embarrassing 重提旧事（尤指不愉快或令人难堪者）: dredge up details of that episode in Cairo 重提已被遗忘的开罗事件中的许多细节. dredger (also dredge) n boat or machine used for dredging 挖泥船; 挖泥机.

/dredʒ; drɛdʒ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B over/on A sprinkle (food) with (flour, sugar, etc) （在食物上）撒（面粉、糖等）: dredge a cake with icing sugar 把糖霜撒在蛋糕上 * dredge icing sugar over a cake 在蛋糕上撒糖霜.n container with holes in the lid, used for dredging food 撒粉器（盖上有小孔, 用以向食物撒粉者）./dregz; drɛˇz/ n [pl]  1 solid particles that sink to the bottom of certain liquids, esp wine and beer 沉淀物（尤指葡萄酒和啤酒中者）.  2 (fig 比喻) worst and most useless part (of sth) 残渣; 渣滓: the dregs of society 社会的渣滓.  3 (idm 习语) drink/drain sth to the `dregs drink all of sth 喝乾; 喝光./drentʃ; drɛntʃ/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]  1 make (sb/sth) completely wet 使（某人[某物]）湿透: We were caught in the storm and got drenched (through/to the skin). 我们遇上大雨, 全都浇透了. * be drenched with rain 被雨浇透.  2 ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) apply (a liquid) freely to sb/sth 在某人[某物]上大量使用（某液体）: drench oneself in perfume 全身喷满香水 * The poster wouldn't stick even though I drenched it with glue. 我涂了大量胶水, 可那张海报就是贴不住.n thorough wetting 湿透./dres; drɛs/ n  1 [C] garment for a woman or girl, consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece; frock 连衣裙; （上下连身的）女装: She makes all her own dresses. 她的连衣裙都是自己做的.  2 [U] clothes, esp outer garments, for either men or women 衣服（男女均可）; （尤指）外衣: casual/formal dress 便服[礼服] * evening dress 晚礼服.

/dres; drɛs/ v  1 [I, Tn] put clothes on (sb/oneself) 穿衣: He takes ages to dress. 他穿衣要用很长时间. * Hurry up and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服! * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗? * He was dressed as a woman, ie wearing a woman's clothes. 他男扮女装. * a woman dressed in green 穿着绿衣服的女子.  2 [I, Ipr] put on evening dress 穿晚礼服: Do I need to dress for the theatre? 我去剧院需要穿晚礼服吗?  3 [I, Tn] provide (sb/oneself) with clothes 为（某人[自己]）提供衣服: dress well, badly, fashionably, gaudily, etc 穿得好、不好、时髦、俗气等 * She can hardly dress her children on the allowance he gives her. 他给她的那点钱连给孩子买衣服都不够. * The princess is dressed by a rising young designer. 公主的衣服是一位初露头角的年轻设计师设计的.  4 [Tn] decorate (sth) 装饰（某物）: dress a shop window, ie arrange a display of goods in it 布置橱窗 * dress a street with flags 用旗子装饰街道 * dress a Christmas tree with lights 用彩灯装饰圣诞树.  5 [Tn] clean and bandage (a wound, etc) 清洗并包扎（伤口等）.  6 [Tn] finish or treat the surface of (sth) 加工、处理或修整（某物的）表面: dress leather, stone, etc 鞣皮、琢石等.  7 [Tn] prepare (food) for cooking or eating 为烹调或食用准备（食物）: dress a chicken, ie clean it ready for cooking 把鸡清洗好（待烹） * dress a salad, ie add a dressing to it before serving 给色拉加调味品.  8 [Tn] brush (a horse's coat); groom 梳刷（马的毛）; 梳理.  9 [I, Tn] draw up (troops) in line 整队: dress the ranks 整队.  10 (idm 习语) (be) dressed in sth wearing sth 穿某物: The bride was dressed in white. 新娘穿一身白色的礼服. (be) dressed like a dog's dinner (infml 口) dressed very smartly or showily 穿着十分时髦或显眼. (be) dressed (up) to `kill (infml 口) be dressed so as to attract attention and admiration, esp from the opposite sex 穿着引人注目（尤指吸引异性）. (be) dressed up to the nines very elaborately dressed 穿着讲究. mutton dressed as lamb => mutton.  11 (phr v) dress sb down scold sb; tell sb off 训斥, 斥退（某人）. dress up wear one's best clothes 穿上盛装: Don't bother to dress up  come as you are. 用不着穿讲究衣服--就穿平常的衣服来吧. dress (sb) up (in sth/as sb/sth) put on fancy dress, etc 化装打扮: Children love dressing up. 孩子们都喜欢化装打扮. * dress (up) as a fairy, bandit, pirate, etc 打扮成仙女、匪徒、海盗等 * They were dressed up in Victorian clothes. 他们化装成维多利亚时代的人. dress sth up (fig 比喻) make sth seem better or different by careful presentation 修饰; 掩饰: The facts are quite clear; it's no use trying to dress them up. 事实很清楚, 想掩饰是没有用的. * rumours dressed up as hard news 以假乱真的谣言.1 final rehearsal of a play, with the costumes, lighting, etc as they would be in a real performance 彩排.  2 (fig 比喻) practice 排演; 演习: The earlier revolts had just been dress rehearsals for full-scale revolution. 那些初期的反叛活动只不过是大规模革命行动的演习.elegant military dress worn by officers on ceremonial occasions 军礼服.n (Brit) (US first balcony) first gallery in a theatre (where evening dress was formerly required) 戏院中楼厅的前排座位（从前要求坐该处的观众穿晚礼服）. Cf 参看 mezzanine.n shirt, sometimes with a frilly front, worn with a dinner jacket 礼服衬衫（有时前襟有褶边装饰）./ˈdresɑːʒ; drɛ`sɑʒ/ n [U] (a) training a horse to perform various movements that show its obedience to its rider 花式骑术训练. (b) display of such actions in a competition （马术比赛中）花式骑术表演./ˈdresə(r); `drɛsɚ/ n  1 (used with an adj 与形容词连用) person who dresses in a specified way 以某种方式穿着的人: a smart, scruffy, snappy, etc dresser 衣着时髦者、邋遢者、漂亮者等.  2 (in a theatre) person who helps actors put on their costumes （在剧院中）服装师.  3 (medical 医) person who helps a surgeon during an operation 外科医生助手.

/ˈdresə(r); `drɛsɚ/ n  1 (esp Brit) piece of kitchen furniture with shelves for dishes and cupboards below 碗柜; 碗橱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.  2 (US) chest of drawers with a mirror on top 梳妆台./ˈdresɪŋ; `drɛsɪŋ/ n  1 [U] action of putting on clothes, bandaging wounds, etc 穿衣; 包扎伤口: Dressing always takes her such a long time. 她穿衣服总是要那么长时间.  2 [C, U] bandage, ointment, etc for treating a wound 敷料（处理伤口用的纱布、油膏等）: apply, change a dressing 施、换敷料.  3 [C, U] sauce for food, esp a mixture of oil and vinegar for salads （食物）调料（尤指拌制色拉的油和醋的混合物）: salad dressing 色拉调料.  4 [U] (US) = stuffing.n severe scolding 痛骂; 厉斥: give sb/get a (good) dressing down 给某人[挨]（好）一顿骂.n (US usu 美式英语通常作 bathrobe, robe) loose gown worn indoors, usu before dressing 晨衣（通常为梳妆前在室内穿着的长而宽松的罩衫）.n room for changing one's clothes, esp one where an actor puts on his costume 更衣室; （尤指演员的）化妆室. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图,page ix.n piece of bedroom furniture with a mirror and drawers, used esp by women when they dress, make up, etc 梳妆台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.n person (esp a woman) who makes women's clothes （专做女服的）裁缝, （尤指）女裁缝. n [U]./ˈdresɪ; `drɛsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)  1 (of a person) (fond of) wearing stylish or showy clothes （指人）穿着入时的, 爱穿花哨服装的: They're a very dressy couple. 他们俩是讲究穿着的一对儿.  2 (of clothes) elegant or elaborate, to be worn on special occasions （指衣物）漂亮的, 讲究的, 特殊场合穿的: You can't wear that to the reception  it's not dressy enough. 你不能穿那种衣服出席招待会--不太庄重.pt of draw2./ˈdrɪbl; `drɪbl/ v  1 [I, Ipr] allow saliva to run from the mouth 流口水; 流口涎: The baby's just dribbled down my tie. 孩子刚才淌口水弄湿了我的领带.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause a liquid to) fall in drops or a thin stream （使液体）滴下或作细流: water dribbling out (of a tap) （从水龙头）滴下来的水 * Dribble the oil into the beaten egg yolks. 往打匀的蛋黄里一滴滴加油.  3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (in football, hockey, etc) move (the ball) forward with repeated slight touches （足球、曲棍球等中）运球, 带球: He dribbled (the ball) past the goalie to score. 他带球越过守门员射门得分.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 trickle 涓滴; 细滴: a thin dribble of oil 细线般滴下的油.  2 act of dribbling a ball 运球; 带球.  3 very small amount of a liquid 少量（液体）: There's only a dribble of coffee left, I'm afraid. 看来只剩下一点点咖啡了./ˈdrɪblɪt; `drɪblɪt/ n small amount 少量; 点滴; 零星: in driblets, ie a little at a time 一点点地./drɪbz; `drɪbz/ n [pl] (idm 习语) in dribs and drabs (infml 口) in small amounts 少量; 一点点; 零零星星: She paid me in dribs and drabs, not all at once. 她零零星星地付给我钱, 而不是一次付清.pt, pp of dry2.1<DEF> compar of dry1.

2<DEF>  n => dry2./ˈdraɪə(r); `draɪɚ/ n  1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) machine that dries 脱水机: a `clothes drier * a `hair-drier * a `tumble-drier.  2 substance mixed with paint or varnish to make it dry more quickly 乾燥剂./drɪft; drɪft/ n  1 [U] drifting movement 漂; 漂动; 漂流; 漂移: the drift of the tide, current, wind, etc 潮汐、水流、风等的缓缓流动.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) continuous uncontrolled movement or tendency towards sth bad （朝坏的方面发展的）倾向, 动向, 趋势: a slow drift into debt, war, crisis, etc 逐步走上借贷的道路、逐渐演变为战争、渐渐陷入危机.  3 [U] practice of being inactive and waiting for things to happen 不采取行动以等待事情发展的做法: Is the Government's policy one of drift? 政府采取的是否放任自流的政策?  4 [sing] (of speech, writing, etc) general meaning or sense; gist （指讲话、写作等）主旨, 大意, 含意: My German isn't very good, but I got the general drift of what she said. 我的德语不太好, 但她说的话我大致是明白的.  5 [C] mass of sth, esp snow or sand, piled up by the wind （风吹成的）堆积物, （尤指）雪堆, 沙堆: deep snow-drifts （风吹成的）厚厚的积雪.  6 [U] deposits of earth, gravel, rock, etc left behind by a glacier 冰碛.  7 [U] = driftage.

/drɪft; drɪft/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] be carried along gently by a current of air or water 飘移; 漂流: We switched off the motor and started to drift (along). 我们关闭发动机开始滑行. * The boat drifted down the river. 船顺河漂流而下.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of snow, sand, etc) be piled into drifts by the wind （指雪、沙等）受风吹积: Some roads are closed owing to drifting. 有些道路因积雪而封闭.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sth) to drift 使（某物）漂流, 飘动: The logs are drifted downstream to the mill. 那些原木沿河顺水漂到工厂. * The wind drifted the snow into a high bank, blocking the road. 风把雪吹积成长埂, 堵塞了道路.  4 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of people) move casually or aimlessly （指人）漫无目标地移动, 漂泊, 流浪: The crowds drifted away from the stadium. 人群慢慢从体育场散去. * She finally drifted in two hours after everyone else. 在大家到齐之後两小时, 她终于姗姗来到. * (fig 比喻) He doesn't want a career, he's just drifting. 他并不想要个固定职业, 只是碰到什么事做什么事. * I didn't mean to be a teacher  I sort of drifted into it. 我本来没想当教师--可谓无意间当上的. * They used to be friends, but now they've drifted apart. 他们原是朋友, 现在已经疏远了.n [U] masses of broken ice floating in the sea, a river, etc 流冰.n large net into which fish move with the tide 流网; 飘网.n [U] wood floating on the sea or washed ashore by it 浮木, 漂木（在海上漂流或被海水冲上岸的木头）./-ɪdʒ; -ɪdʒ/ n [U] deviation by a ship from a set course, due to currents, winds, etc （船航行时受水流、风等影响对航线的）偏移, 偏差.n  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) aimless or rootless person 漂泊者; 流浪汉: He's just a drifter  he can't settle down anywhere. 他不过是个流浪汉--哪儿也呆不住.  2 boat used for fishing with a drift-net 飘网 渔船; 流网渔船./drɪl; drɪl/ n tool or machine with a detachable pointed end for making holes 钻; 钻床; 钻机: a dentist's drill 牙钻 * a pneumatic drill 风钻. Cf 参看 bit2 2.

v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, etc) in some substance, esp with a drill 钻（孔）, 打眼（尤指用钻机）: drill for oil 钻井探油 * They're drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 在泰晤士河河床下钻凿一条新隧道.

/drɪl; drɪl/ n  1 [U] training in military exercises 军事训练; 操练: New recruits have three hours of drill a day. 新兵一天有三小时的操练.  2 (a) [U] thorough training by practical and usu repetitive exercises 练习: regular drill to establish good habits 有规则的训练以养成好习惯. (b) [C] such an exercise 训练; 练习: pronunci`ation drills 发音练习.  3 (a) [U] procedures to be followed in an emergency （紧急情况下的）步骤, 方法, 措施: `lifeboat drill 救生艇上的应急措施. (b) [C] practice session to test people's knowledge of this 演习: There'll be a `fire-drill this morning. 今天上午有消防演习.  4 the drill [sing] (Brit infml 口) correct procedure for doing sth 做某事的正确方法; 程序; 步骤; 常规: What's the drill for claiming expenses? 费用报销的手续, 是怎样的? * learn, know, teach sb the drill 学习、了解、传授某人做某事的正确方法.

v [I, Tn] be trained or train (sb) by means of drills 训练（某人）; 操练; 演习: The well-drilled crew managed to rescue most of the passengers. 训练有素的机组人员设法营救出了大部分乘客.

/drɪl; drɪl/ n  1 furrow 犁; 条播.  2 machine for making furrows, sowing seeds in them and covering the seeds 条播机.  3 row of seeds sown in this way 条播的一排种子.

v [Tn] sow (seeds) in furrows 条播（种子）.

/drɪl; drɪl/ n [U] strong heavy linen or cotton cloth （粗斜纹的）麻布或棉布.

/drɪl; drɪl/ n type of large African monkey 黑脸山魈（非洲产）.= dryly (dry1)./drɪŋk; drɪŋk/ n  1 (a) [U, C] liquid for drinking 饮料: food and drink 食物与饮料 * fizzy drinks 发嘶嘶声起泡的饮料. (b) [C] amount of liquid drunk or served 一杯或一份饮料: a drink of water 一杯水.  2 (a) [U] alcoholic liquor 酒: Isn't there any drink in the house? 家里有酒吗? (b) [C] amount of this drunk or served 一杯或一份酒: How about a quick drink? 我们赶快喝杯酒好吗? * Drinks are on me, ie I will pay for them. 酒钱由我付. * He's had one drink too many, ie He is slightly drunk. 他有点醉了.  3 [U] habit of drinking too much alcohol 酗酒; 纵酒: Drink is a growing problem among the young. 年轻人的酗酒问题越来越严重. * take to drink because of domestic problems 受家庭问题困扰而耽于饮酒.  4 the drink [sing] (sl 俚) the sea 海: We crash-landed in the drink. 我们在海上紧急降落.  5 (idm 习语) be the ,worse for `drink be very drunk 酩酊大醉. the demon drink => demon. drive sb to drink => drive1. meat and drink to sb => meat.

/drɪŋk; drɪŋk/ v (pt drank / drNk; drANk/, pp drunk / drQNk; drQNk/)  1 [I, Tn] take (liquid) into the mouth and swallow 喝; 饮: Some horses were drinking at a trough. 有些马在水糟边饮水. * He drank a pint of milk in one go. 他一口气喝了一品脱牛奶.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in/up) (of plants, the soil, etc) take in or absorb (usu water) （指植物、土壤等）吸收, 吸入（通常为水分）.  3 [I] take alcohol 喝酒: He never drinks. 他滴酒不沾. * They drink too much. 他们喝酒喝得太多了. * Don't drink and drive! 切勿酒後开车!  4 [Tn.pr, Cn.a] bring (oneself) to a specified state by taking alcohol 使（自己）喝酒喝到某种程度: You're drinking yourself to death. 你这样喝酒要喝掉命的. * (infml 口) They drank themselves stupid. 他们喝得晕头转向.  5 (idm 习语) drink sb's `health/drink a health to sb (fml 文) express one's respect or good wishes for sb, by drinking a toast 向某人祝酒. drink like a `fish (infml 口) habitually drink large quantities of alcohol （习惯性地）豪饮. drink/drain sth to the dregs => dregs. drink sb under the `table (infml 口) drink more alcohol than sb else without becoming as drunk 灌醉某人（自己喝得更多但不醉）. you can take, etc a horse to water, but you can't make him drink => horse.  6 (phr v) drink sth down/up drink the whole or the rest of sth, esp quickly 喝光, 喝乾（尤指很快饮尽）: I know the medicine tastes nasty, but drink it down. 我知道药味很苦, 不过还是一口灌下去吧. * (Brit) drinking-`up time, ie time allowed for finishing drinks before a public house closes （酒馆关门前允许顾客把酒喝完的）延长时间. drink sth in watch or listen to sth with great pleasure or interest 看得或听得出神: They stood drinking in the beauty of the landscape. 他们站在那儿尽情欣赏美景. drink (sth) to sb/sth express good wishes to sb/sth by drinking (a toast) 向某人[为某事]祝酒: drink to sb's health, happiness, prosperity, etc 为某人健康、幸福、成功等乾杯 * Let's drink to the success of your plans. 让我们为你的计划成功乾杯. * I'll drink to that! ie I agree. 我完全赞成!adj suitable or safe for drinking 可饮用的; 适合饮用的: Is this water drinkable? 这水可以喝吗? * (fig 比喻) a drinkable (ie pleasant but not particularly good) wine 尚可一喝的酒（不错但并非特好）.n person who drinks (usu too much) alcohol 饮酒者; （通常指）酒徒: a terrible/heavy/hardened/serious drinker 酗酒者[豪饮者/酒鬼/酒徒].n [U]: Drinking is known to be harmful. 饮酒有害. * [attrib 作定语] a `drinking-bout 一阵狂饮.n device supplying drinking-water in a public place （设于公共场所的）喷泉式饮水器.n song, usu about the pleasures of drinking, to be sung at drinkers' parties （酒会上的）饮酒歌.n [U] water safe for drinking 饮用水./drɪp; drɪp/ v (-pp-)  1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] fall in drops 滴下: Rain was dripping (down) from the trees. 雨水从树上滴下. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] let (liquid) fall in drops 让（液体）滴下: Is that roof still dripping? 那个屋顶还漏雨吗? * a dripping tap 滴水的龙头 * He was dripping blood (onto the floor). 他的血正在滴（到地板上）.  2 (idm 习语) be dripping with sth be full of or covered with sth 充满; 布满: His letter was dripping with flattery. 他的信中充满阿谀之词. * dripping with jewels 浑身珠光宝气. dripping/wringing wet => wet.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Drip, leak, ooze, run, seep indicate the way in which a liquid escapes from a container or tap. *drip、leak、ooze、run、seep都表示液体从容器或活门流出的方式. Most (not seep) also indicate the way in which a container or tap allows a liquid to escape. 除seep外, 皆可指容器或活门使液体流出的方式.  1 Drip = (allow sth to) fall in regulardrops *drip = （使某物）有规律地滴落: Water is drippingfrom the pipe. 水从管中滴落. The pipe is dripping (water). 管子在滴（水）呢.  2 Leak = (allow sth to) get out (through a hole in sth) *leak = （使某物从孔中）漏出: Wine is leaking from the barrel. 酒自桶中渗漏出来. The barrel is leaking (wine). 酒桶漏（酒）.  3 Ooze = (allow sth to) move slowly (out of sth) because thick <SYMFONT1>, ooze = （使某物）慢慢流出（因很稠）: Blood is oozing from the wound. 血从伤口慢慢流出. The wound is oozing (blood). 伤口在出血.  4 Run = (allow sth to) flow continuously (from sth) *run = （使某物）连续不断流出: Water is running from the tap. 水从龙头中流出. The tap is running. 龙头在流水.  5 Seep = move slowly (through a small opening in sth) *seep = （从细孔中）慢慢流出: Oil is seeping from the engine. 油从发动机中渗出.adj (of a garment) able to dry quickly when hung up to drip （指衣服）能很快滴乾的: a drip-dry `shirt, `fabric 能很快滴乾的衬衫、织物./ˈdrɪpɪŋ; `drɪpɪŋ/ n [U] fat melted out of roast meat （烤肉上滴下的）油滴.n pan in which dripping collects during roasting （烤肉时用以承接的）接油盘./draɪv; draɪv/ v (pt drove/ drEUv; drov/, pp driven/ 5drIvn; `drIvEn/)  1 (a) [I, Tn] (be able to) operate (a vehicle or locomotive) and direct its course （能）驾驶（车）; 开（火车）: Can you drive? 你会开车吗? * He drives a taxi, ie That is his job. 他开计程车. * I drive (ie own) a Rolls-Royce. 我开的是劳斯莱斯汽车. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] come or go somewhere in a car, van, etc 开车来或去某处: Did you drive (ie come by car)? 你是开车来的吗? * I drive to work. 我开车上班. * Don't stop  drive on! 不要停--往前开! =>Usage at travel 用法见travel. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] take (sb) somewhere in a car, taxi, etc 用汽车、计程车等送（某人）至某处: Could you drive me to the station? 你可以开车送我到车站去吗?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (animals or people) to move in some direction by shouts, blows, threats, etc 驱赶（动物或人）: some cattle being driven by a man on a horse 骑马人驱赶着的一群牛 * drive sheep into a field 把羊赶到地里 * They drove the enemy back, ie forced them to retreat. 他们把敌人击退. * (fig 比喻) I was driven out of the club. 我被驱逐出俱乐部.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of wind or water) carry (sth) along （指风或水）卷, 刮, 冲, 冲（某物）: Huge waves drove the yacht onto the rocks. 巨浪把游艇卷到岩石上. * dead leaves driven along by the wind 风刮起的枯叶.  4 [I, Ipr] move rapidly or violently 急速地或猛烈地运动: driving rain, hail, snow, etc 如注的大雨、猛烈的冰雹、纷飞的大雪 * The waves drove against the shore. 波浪冲击着岸边.  5 [Tn.pr] (a) force (sth) to go in a specified direction or into a specified position 迫使（某物）移动或进入某位置; 打; 敲; 击; 戳; 拧: drive a nail into wood, a stake into the ground, etc 把钉子钉入木中、把桩打进地里 * (fig 比喻) drive a proposal through Parliament 迫使议会通过一项建议. (b) construct (sth) with difficulty （吃力地）建造（某物）: drive a new motorway across a mountain range. 奋力修筑穿越山地的高速公路. * They drove a tunnel through the rock. 他们凿通一条穿过岩石的隧道.  6 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] force (sb) to act 迫使（某人）行动: A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. 嫉妒心可使人什么都做得出来. * The urge to survive drove them on. 求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.a, Cn.t] cause or compel (sb) to be in a specified state or do a specified thing 使或逼（某人）处于某种状态或做某事: drive sb crazy/to insanity/out of his mind 将某人逼疯[使某人精神失常/使某人丧失理智] * Hunger drove her to steal. 饥饿逼得她行窃. (c) [Tn] make (sb) work very hard, esp too hard 使（某人）努力（尤指过分）: Unless he stops driving himself like this he'll have a breakdown. 他要是总这样拚命干下去是吃不消的. * He drives the team relentlessly. 他无情地鞭策全队苦练.  7 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport 体) hit and send (a ball, etc) forward with force, esp in tennis, golf or cricket 猛击, 猛抽（尤指网球、高尔夫球或板球）: drive (the ball) into the rough （将球）击入深草区 * He drove beautifully, ie played this stroke well. 他这一球击得很漂亮.  8 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (of electricity or some other power) keep (machinery) going （指电力或其他动力）驱动, 推动: a steam-driven engine 蒸汽机.  9 (idm 习语) be driving at (always with what as the object 必须以what作宾语) be trying to do or say 意在; 意指; 打算: What are you driving at? 你是什么意思呢? * I wish I knew what they were really driving at. 我希望我能知道他们真实的意图. drive a coach and horses through sth disregard (eg a law or rule) in an obvious and a serious way without being punished, usu because of a loophole 钻（法律或规章的）空子. drive a hard `bargain insist on the best possible price, arrangements, etc when negotiating with sb 极力讨价还价. drive sth home (to sb) make sb realize sth, esp by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc 使某人充分认识或理解某事物（尤指经常地、大声地、愤怒地说）: drive one's point home 阐明自己的观点 * I drove home to him that he must be here by ten. 我跟他说得清清楚楚: 他必须十点钟以前到这里. drive sth into sb's `head make sb remember sth, esp with difficulty （尤指费力地）使某人记住某事. drive sb to `drink (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) make sb so worried, frustrated, etc that he starts drinking too much alcohol 使得某人借酒浇愁: Working here is enough to drive anyone to drink. 在这里干活足可以逼得人以喝酒解烦. drive a wedge between A and B make (friends, colleagues, etc) quarrel or start disliking each other 挑拨（朋友、同事等）不合或互相厌恶; 造成分裂. let drive (at sb) hit or aim blows at sb 打击某人; 朝某人打去. needs must when the devil drives => needs. pure as the driven snow => pure.  10 (phr v) drive sb back on sth force sb to use (resources, methods, etc) he would prefer to avoid using 迫使某人使用他本不愿用的（资源、方法等）. drive off (a) (of a driver, car, etc) leave （指驾驶人、汽车等）开走, 离开. (b) (in golf) hit the ball to begin a game （高尔夫球戏中）发球. drive sb off take sb away in a car, etc 用汽车等把某人送走. drive sb/sth off defeat or chase away (an enemy or an attack) 击败, 击退（敌人或攻势）.

/draɪv; draɪv/ n  1 [C] journey in a car, van, etc 乘汽车等之行: Let's go for a drive in the country. 我们开车到郊野去兜兜风吧. * He took her out for a drive. 他开车带她出去兜风. * a forty minute, an hour's, a fifteen mile, etc drive 四十分钟、一小时、十五英里等的驾驶路程.  2 [C] (US usu 美式英语通常作 `driveway) private road, etc by which vehicles can approach a house from the road or street （通往住宅的）私人车道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.  3 [C] (sport 体) stroke made by driving in tennis, golf, cricket, etc （网球、高尔夫球、板球等的）猛击, 猛抽.  4 [U] energy; ability to get things done 干劲; 能力; 魄力: Our sales people need determination and drive. 我们的推销人员需要有决心和干劲.  5 [C, U] (psychology 心) desire to attain a goal or satisfy a need 欲望; 内驱力: (a) strong sexual drive 强烈的性欲.  6 [C] (a) organized effort or campaign to achieve sth （为达到某目的而展开的）运动, 攻势: a `sales, a re`cruiting, an `export, etc drive 推销、徵兵、出口等运动. (b) series of military attacks 一系列的军事攻击.  7 [C] (Brit) social gathering to play card-games 玩纸牌的聚会: a `bridge/`whist drive 玩桥牌[惠斯特牌]的聚会.  8 [C, U] (apparatus for the) transmission of power to machinery 传动或驱动（装置）: electric, belt, fluid, etc drive 电力、皮带、液压等传动 * front-/rear-/ four-wheel `drive, ie where the engine makes the front, rear, or all four wheels turn 前轮[後轮/四轮]驱动 * a car with left-hand drive, ie with the steering wheel and other controls on the left 方向盘在左边的汽车 * [attrib 作定语] the `drive shaft 驱动轴; 主动轴.n (US) place, esp a cinema or restaurant, where one is entertained, served, etc without leaving one's car 免下车的影院、餐厅等（顾客可安坐汽车中得到娱乐、饮食服务等）: [attrib 作定语] a drive-in bank 免下车的银行./ˈdrɪvl; `drɪvl/ n [U] silly nonsense 傻话; 胡言: Don't talk drivel! 别胡说八道!

v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) talk or write drivel 说或写无聊的内容; 胡说; 胡写: He was drivelling on about the meaning of life. 他喋喋不休地胡诌什么人生的意义.pp of drive1./ˈdraɪvə(r); `draɪvɚ/ n  1 person who drives a vehicle 司机; 驾驶员; 马车夫: a bus-, lorry-, taxi-driver 公共汽车、卡车、计程车司机 * a learner driver, ie sb who has not yet passed a driving-test 实习司机.  2 (golf) club with a wooden head used for driving the ball from the tee （高尔夫球）球棒.  3 person who drives animals 驱赶动物者.  4 (idm 习语) a back-seat driver => back-seat (back2). (be) in the `driver's seat in control 处于控制地位.= driving-licence (drive1).school for teaching people to drive motor vehicles 机动车驾驶学校.n belt that is turned by an engine, etc and that then makes machinery turn 传动皮带.n (US driver's license) licence to drive a motor vehicle 驾驶执照.n test that must be passed to obtain a driving-licence 驾驶员为取得驾驶执照的考试.n wheel that communicates power to other parts of a machine, or to which power is applied 驱动轮; 主动轮./ˈdrɪzl; `drɪzl/ v [I] rain in many fine drops 下蒙蒙细雨; 下毛毛雨: It had been drizzling all day. 下了一整天毛毛雨.

n [U] fine misty rain 蒙蒙细雨; 毛毛雨. /ˈdrɪzlɪ; `drɪzlɪ/ adj: a cold drizzly day 下着蒙蒙细雨的寒冷的一天./drəʊg; droˇ/ n funnel-shaped piece of material used as a wind-sock, sea anchor, target, etc （用作风向袋、海锚、靶子等的）锥形物.n small parachute used to pull a larger one from its pack （用以将大降落伞由伞包中拖出的）小降落伞./drəʊl; drol/ adj amusing in an odd or a quaint way 离奇古怪的; 逗人乐的; 滑稽的: a droll story 离奇有趣的故事 * (ironic 反语) So he thinks I'm going to apologize? How very droll! 他还以为我要去道歉? 真滑稽!/-ərɪ; -ərɪ/ n [C, U] (remark, etc showing) quaint humour 稀奇古怪的幽默（言语等）./ˈdrɒmədərɪ; <i>US</i> -əderɪ; `drɑməˌdɛrɪ/ n animal of the camel family with only one hump 单峰骆驼. =>illus at camel 见camel之插图./drəʊn; dron/ n  1 male honey-bee 雄蜂. Cf 参看 worker 3.  2 (Brit derog 贬) person who does no useful work and lives on others 不务正业而依赖他人为生者.

/drəʊn; dron/ v  1 [I, Ip] make a low humming sound 发出嗡嗡声: An aircraft droned overhead. 飞机在上空发出嗡嗡声.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] talk, sing or say (sth) in a flat monotonous tone of voice （以低沉、单调的声调）谈, 唱, 说（某事）: The chairman droned on for hours. 主席一直以沉闷的语调讲了几小时. * drone (out) a hymn 以低沉单调的声音唱赞美诗.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 low humming sound 嗡嗡声: the drone of bees 蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声 * the drone of a distant aircraft 远处飞机发出的嗡嗡声.  2 monotonous talk 沉闷单调的谈话: a steady drone from the lecturer 讲演者枯燥的长篇言论.  3 (music 音) sustained bass note or chord, eg in bagpipe music 持续的低音或和音（如风笛乐曲中的）./druːl; drul/ v  1 [I] let saliva flow from the mouth; dribble 流口水; 流涎.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) (derog 贬) show in a ridiculous way how much one enjoys or admires sb/sth 对某人[某事物]流露出痴迷的神情: drooling over a photo of a pop star 痴痴地望着流行曲歌星的照片./druːp; drup/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] bend or hang downwards through tiredness or weakness （因疲倦或衰弱）弯曲或下垂; 发蔫: flowers drooping for lack of water 因缺水而发蔫的花 * Her head drooped sadly. 她悲伤地低着头. * (fig 比喻) His spirits drooped at the news, ie He became sad. 那消息使他情绪低落. adj (-ier, -iest)./drɒp; drɑp/ n  1 [C] small rounded or pear-shaped mass of liquid （液体的）珠, 滴: `rain-drops, `tear-drops, etc 雨滴、泪珠 * drops of rain, dew, sweat, condensation, etc 雨滴、露珠、汗珠、冷凝水珠 * Pour the oil in drops into the mixture. 将油滴入混合物.2 drops [pl] liquid medicine poured a drop at a time into the ears, eyes or nose 滴剂: comfort drops, eg used to make contact lenses easier to wear 润滑剂（如用以使隐形镜片容易配戴的）.  3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] small quantity of liquid 少量的液体; 点滴: I like my tea with just a drop of milk. 我喜欢茶里加一点点牛奶. * (fig 比喻) He's had a drop too much, ie He is drunk. 他喝醉了.  4 [C] thing shaped like a drop, esp a sweet or a hanging ornament 滴状物; （尤指）糖果, 坠子饰物.  5 [sing] steep or vertical distance 倾斜的或垂直的距离: There was a sheer drop of five hundred feet to the rocks below. 至暗礁的垂直距离有五百英尺.  6 [sing] (fig 比喻) decrease 下降: a drop in prices, temperatures, etc 物价、温度等下降 * a big drop in the number of people out of work 失业人数大幅下降.  7 [C] act of dropping; thing that drops or is dropped 空投; 空投物: Drops of supplies are being made to villages still cut off by the snow. 目前正向大雪隔绝的村庄空投生活用品.  8 (idm 习语) at the ,drop of a `hat without delay, hesitation or good reason 不拖延地; 不迟疑地; 无缘无故地: You can't expect me to move my home at the drop of a hat. 你别指望我说搬家就搬家.  (only) a ,drop in the `bucket/`ocean a quantity too small to make any improvement 沧海一粟; 杯水车薪: Aid to the Third World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean. 目前对第三世界的援助不过是杯水车薪.

/drɒp; drɑp/ v (-pp-)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] fall or allow (sth) to fall (by accident) 降落; 使（某物）（意外地）落下: The bottle dropped and broke. 瓶子掉下来摔碎了. * The climber slipped and dropped to his death. 攀登者一失足摔死了. * Don't drop that or it'll break! 别弄掉了, 不然会摔破的.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fall or cause (sth) to fall (on purpose) 降落; （故意地）使（某物）落下: She dropped to safety from the burning building. 她从失火的建筑物上坠落到安全的地方. * Medical supplies are being dropped to the stricken area. 目前正将医药用品空投到灾区. * Drop the hammer down to me. 把锤子扔给我.  3 [I, Ipr] (of people and animals) collapse from exhaustion （指人和动物）（因筋疲力尽）倒下: I feel ready to drop, ie very tired. 我要累倒了. * (fig 比喻) She expects everyone to work till they drop, ie very hard. 她恨不得把个个人都累趴下为止.  4 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) become weaker, lower or less （使某事物）变弱、降低或减少: The wind, temperature, water level, etc has dropped considerably. 风势已减弱了、温度已下降了、水平面已降低了很多. * His voice dropped to a whisper. 他的声音已降低成轻声细语了. * The cost of living seems set to drop for the third month in succession. 生活费用持续下降, 眼看就快三个月了.  5 [I, Ipr, Ip] form a steep or vertical descent 形成险峻的或陡峭的斜坡: The cliff drops sharply (away) (to the sea). 悬崖呈陡坡状（伸入大海）.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (off) allow sb to get out of a car, etc; deliver sth on the way to somewhere else 让某人下汽车...; 中途顺便将某物送交某处: Could you drop me (off) near the post office? 你可以让我在邮局附近下车吗?  7 (infml 口) [Dn.n] send (a letter, etc) to sb 将（信件等）寄给某人: drop sb a postcard 给某人寄明信片.  8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) omit sb/sth (by accident or on purpose) （偶然或有意地）略去某人[某事物]: She's been dropped from the team because of injury. 她因受伤而离队. * Many dated expressions are being dropped from the new dictionary. 这本新词典中删去了很多过时的词语.  9 [Tn] (a) stop seeing (sb) 不再与（某人）来往: She's dropped most of her old friends  or they've dropped her! 她已经与多数老朋友不再来往了--或者说他们不再与她来往了! (b) give up (a habit, custom, etc) 抛弃（习惯、风俗等）. (c) stop doing or discussing (sth) 不再做（某事）; 不再讨论（某事）: Drop everything and come here! 把一切工作都放下, 到这里来! * Let's drop the formalities: call me Mike. 不要拘礼: 叫我迈克吧. * Look, can we just drop the subject? 我说, 我们能不能别再谈这件事了?  10 [Tn] (infml 口) lose (money), esp by gambling, etc 损失（金钱）（尤指因赌博等所致）: I hear they've dropped over ten thousand on the deal. 我听说他们那笔交易损失了一万多块钱.  11 [I, Tn] (sl 俚) take (illegal drugs) orally 口服（毒品）.  12 (idm 习语) die/drop/fall like flies => fly1. ,drop one's `aitches omit the `h' sound from places in words where it is pronounced by educated speakers (often thought a sign of lower-class social origins) 略去单词中的h音（常视为出身低下的标志）. drop a `brick/`clanger (infml 口) say or do sth that is insulting or embarrassing without realizing that it is （无意中）说出或做出伤人的或令人发窘的事. drop `dead (a) (infml 口) die suddenly and unexpectedly 猝死; 暴死. (b) (sl 俚) (used to tell sb forcefully and rudely to stop bothering one, interfering, etc 用以叫某人不要再打扰、干涉等, 语气强硬而粗鲁). drop a `hint (to sb)/drop (sb) a hint make a suggestion indirectly or tactfully 间接地或策略地提出建议; 暗示. drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1. drop sb a line write a (usu short) letter to sb 给某人写信（通常指短信）: Drop me a line to say when you're coming. 给我写封短信告诉我你来的时间.  drop `names (infml 口) mention famous or powerful people one is supposed to know, so as to impress others 提及名人或有权势的人, 让人以为自己认识这些人而对自己另眼相看. drop a `stitch (in knitting) let a stitch slip off the needle （编织）漏一针, 脱一针, 掉一针. one's jaw drops => jaw. let sb/sth `drop do or say nothing more about sb/sth 不再提某人; 不再做或不再提某事: I suggest we let the matter drop. 我建议咱们别再提这事了.  the penny drops => penny.  13 (phr v) drop back; drop behind (sb) move or fall into position behind sb else 落後; 落伍: The two lovers dropped back so as to be alone. 那对情人落在後面, 为的是两人好单独在一起. * (fig 比喻) Britain is increasingly dropping behind her competitors in this field. 英国在这一领域日渐落後于竞争对手.  drop by/in/over/round; drop in on sb; drop into sth pay a casual visit (to a person or place) 偶然访问（某人或某地）; 顺便访问: Drop round some time. 有空就顺便来坐坐. * I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing. 我曾想路过时就来看看你. * Sorry we're late  we dropped into a pub on the way. 对不起我们迟到了--我们中途到酒馆去了. =>Usage at visit 用法见visit. drop off (infml 口) (a) fall into a light sleep; doze 打盹儿; 打瞌睡: I dropped off and missed the end of the film. 我打了个盹儿, 把影片的结尾给错过了. (b) become fewer or less 减少: Traffic has dropped off since the by-pass opened. 自从辅助道路通车後, 这条路上来往车辆已经减少了.  drop out (of sth) (a) withdraw (from an activity, a contest, etc) （从活动、竞赛等中）退出: Since his defeat he's dropped out of politics. 他失败後就不再从事政治活动了.  (b) leave school, university, etc without finishing one's courses 中途退学; 辍学: She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later. 她得到了剑桥大学的奖学金, 但一年以後就退学了. (c) withdraw from conventional society 脱离传统社会.=> drop-hammern (in Rugby football) goal scored with a drop-kick （橄榄球）以反弹踢法射中球门.ns machine for shaping or stamping metal, using the force of a dropped weight 模锻压力机; 落锤.n (in Rugby football) kick made as the ball bounces after being dropped to the ground （橄榄球）落地踢, 反弹踢.  v [I, Tn].n person who withdraws from conventional society 脱离传统社会的人.=> drop-hammer/ˈdrɒplɪt; `drɑplɪt/ n small drop 小滴.n instrument consisting of a short glass tube with a rubber bulb at one end for measuring out drops of medicine or other liquids 滴管.n [pl] excrement of animals or birds （鸟兽的）排泄物./ˈdrɒpsɪkl; `drɑpsɪkl/ adj./ˈdrɒpsɪ; `drɑpsɪ/ n [U] disease in which watery fluid collects in the body 水肿; 浮肿.  /drɒs; <i>US</i> drɔːs; drɔs/ n [U] (a) scum of waste matter on melted metals 浮渣（浮在熔化的金属上的废物）. (b) (fig 比喻) least valuable, attractive, etc part of sth 无价值、无吸引力之处: The best players go off to the big clubs, leaving us the dross. 最好的队员都投奔大俱乐部去了, 就只给我们剩下些不中用的人./draʊt; draᴜt/ n [C, U] (period of) continuous dry weather, esp when there is not enough water for people's needs 乾旱（时期）: areas of Africa affected by drought 遭受旱灾的非洲地区.pt of drive1.

/drəʊv; drov/ n  1 herd of cattle, flock of sheep, etc being made to move from one place to another （被驱赶从一地到另一地的）牛群、羊群等.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) moving crowd of people or large number of things 移动的人群或大批的东西: droves of sightseers 一群群的游客 * Letters of protest arrived in droves. 抗议信大批涌来.n person who moves cattle, sheep, etc to market or to new pastures 将牛羊等驱赶到市场或牧场的人; 驱赶牲畜者./draʊn; draᴜn/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] die in water (or other liquid) because one is unable to breathe 淹死; 溺死: a drowning man 快要淹死的人. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] kill (a person or animal) in this way 溺死（人或动物）: drown a kitten 溺死小猫.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) flood or drench sth 淹没或浸透某物: a drowned valley 淹没的山谷 * He drowned his meal in gravy. 他把饭菜泡在肉汁里.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (out) (of a sound) be louder than (another sound) and prevent it being heard （指一声音）淹没（另一声音）: She turned up the radio to drown (out) the noise of the traffic. 她放大收音机的音量以压过来往车辆的嘈杂声.  4 (idm 习语) drown one's `sorrows (in drink) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) get drunk in order to forget one's troubles 藉酒浇愁. (look) like a drowned `rat soaking wet and miserable 湿得像落汤鸡./draʊz; draᴜz/ v  1 [I] be half asleep 假寐; 半醒半睡; 打瞌睡.  2 (phr v) drowse sth away spend (time) half asleep 半醒半睡地度过（时间）: drowse away a hot afternoon 打着瞌睡度过炎热的下午.

n [sing] state of being drowsy 假寐; 瞌睡: in a drowse 在打瞌睡./-əlɪ; -ɪlɪ/ adv: murmur sth drowsily 半醒半睡地低声述说某事. n [U]./ˈdraʊzɪ; `draᴜzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 half asleep; feeling sleepy 半醒半睡的; 昏昏欲睡的; 困: I'd just woken up and was still drowsy. 我刚醒, 还觉得困. * This drug can make you drowsy. 这种药会使你昏昏欲睡.  2 making one feel sleepy 使人发困的; 使人昏昏欲睡的: drowsy summer weather 使人困倦的夏季天气.  /ˈdrʌbɪŋ; `drʌbɪŋ/ n (idm 习语) give sb/get a good `drubbing (a) beat sb/be beaten soundly 痛打某人[遭到痛打]. (b) (fig 比喻) defeat sb/be defeated thoroughly 彻底打败某人[遭到惨败]./drʌdʒ; drʌdʒ/ n person who has to do long hard boring jobs 长时间做繁重、乏味工作的人.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) do jobs of that kind 长时间做繁重、乏味的工作./-ərɪ; -ərɪ/ n [U] hard boring work 繁重、乏味的工作: the endless drudgery of housework 无尽无休的、单调乏味的家务 * soulless drudgery 无聊的繁重工作./drʌg; drʌˇ/ n  1 substance used as or in a medicine 药物; 药剂; 药材: a pain-killing drug 止痛药 * The doctor has put me on drugs, ie prescribed them for me. 医生给我开了药.  2 substance that affects the nervous system, esp one that is habit-forming, eg cocaine or heroin 影响神经系统的（尤指成瘾性的）物质（如古柯硷或海洛因）; 麻醉药; 毒品: take/use/be on drugs 吸毒 * peddle/push drugs 贩毒.  3 (idm 习语) a drug on the `market thing that cannot be sold because no one wants it 滞销品; 滞销货.

v (-gg-) [Tn]  1 add a drug(2) to (food or drink) （在食物或饮料中）投放麻醉药, 下麻醉药.  2 give a drug(1, 2) to (sb), esp to make him unconscious 给某人使用麻醉药: in a drugged stupor 被药麻醉而不省人事.person who cannot stop taking harmful drugs (drug 2) 有毒瘾者; 吸毒者. `drug addiction.person who sells drugs (drug 2) illegally 贩毒者; 毒品贩子.=> drug dealer/ˈdrʌgɪt; `drʌˇɪt/ n [C, U] (floor-covering made of) coarse woven fabric 粗线织物（制的地毯）./ˈdrʌgɪst; `drʌˇɪst/ n (esp US) = chemist1./ˈdrʌgstɔː(r); `drʌˇˌstɔr/ n (US) chemist's shop which also sells many kinds of goods and often serves light meals （兼营杂货及便餐的）药房, 杂货店./ˈdruːɪd; `druɪd/ n priest of an ancient Celtic religion 德鲁伊特（古代克尔特人中的祭司）./drʌm; drʌm/ n  1 (music 音) instrument consisting of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin stretched tightly across the open end(s) which is struck with sticks or the hands 鼓: play the drum(s) in a band 在乐队中打鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.  2 thing shaped like this instrument, eg a barrel for oil, a hollow cylinder on which wire is wound, or the container for clothes in a washing-machine or clothes drier 鼓状物（如桶、筒）. =>illus at barrel 见barrel之插图.  3 = ear-drum (ear).  4 (idm 习语) beat the drum => beat1.

/drʌm; drʌm/ v (-mm-)  1 [I] play a drum or drums 打鼓; 敲鼓; 击鼓.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) on sth make a drum-like sound on sth; tap or beat (sth) continuously （在某物上敲打）发出似鼓之声; 不停敲打（某物）: drum on the table with one's fingers 用手指在桌上敲出鼓点声 * drum one's feet on the floor 跺脚.  3 (phr v) drum sth into sb/into sb's head make sb remember sth by repeating it often 经常重复某事使某人记住: Our teacher used to drum our multiplication tables into us. 我们老师过去老是让我们反覆背诵乘法表. drum sb out (of sth) force sb to leave a group, an organization, etc, often in disgrace 迫使某人脱离（团体、组织等）（常为不名誉地）: drummed out of the club, the regiment 被逐出俱乐部、团体. drum sth up try hard to get (support, customers, etc) 大力争取（支持、顾客等）: He's going round firms drumming up interest in the project. 他到各公司游说以引起大家对该项目的兴趣.brake in which curved pads press against the inner cylindrical part of a vehicle's wheel 鼓式制动器. Cf 参看 disc brake (disc).1 sergeant who leads a military band when it plays on parade （军乐队在行进中演奏的）指挥.  2 (US) male leader of a marching band （行进乐队的）男领队. /meɪdʒəˈret; ˌmedʒə`rɛt/ (esp US) girl wearing a fancy costume who leads a marching band （乐队行进中着鲜艳服装的）女领队.n set of drums used in a band, etc 乐队等使用的成套的鼓.n (sound of a) stroke on a drum 鼓的一击（声）.part of the drum that is hit 鼓面. drumhead court-martial trial held during a military operation 战地军法审判.n  1 person who plays a drum or drums 鼓手.  2 (esp US infml 口) commercial traveller 旅行推销员.n [U, sing] continuous rhythmical sound 连续的有节奏的声音: the steady drumming of the rain on the tin roofs 雨点打在铁皮屋顶上发出持续而有节奏的声音.n  1 stick for playing a drum 鼓槌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.  2 lower part of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc （熟的）鸡、火鸡等的腿（状似鼓槌部分）./drʌŋk; drʌŋk/ adj  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] excited or confused by alcoholic drink 醉: be blind/dead (ie completely) drunk 烂醉 * They've put vodka in her fruit juice to get her drunk. 他们把伏特加酒倒入她的果汁中, 把她灌醉. * get drunk on cider 喝苹果酒而醉倒.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth behaving in a strange, often unpleasant, way (because of the excitement of sth) 陶醉; 飘飘然; 忘乎所以: drunk with power, success, etc 为权势、成功等而飘飘然.  3 (idm 习语) ,drunk and `disorderly (law 律); ,drunk and in`capable behaving in an unpleasant, uncontrolled way while drunk 酒後失仪; 耍酒疯. (as) ,drunk as a `lord very drunk 酩酊大醉.

n person who is drunk 醉酒者; 醉鬼./-əd; -ɚd/ n (fml 文) person who often gets drunk; alcoholic 酒鬼; 酒徒./ˈdrʌŋkən; `drʌŋkən/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 drunk 醉的: a drunken reveller 喝醉的狂欢者.  2 who gets drunk regularly 常醉的: her drunken boss, husband, etc 她那经常醉醺醺的老板、丈夫等.  3 caused by or showing the effects of drink 因饮酒而引起的; 显出酒力的: a drunken argument, fury, stupor, sleep 酒後的争吵、狂暴、昏迷、沉睡 * drunken laughter, voices, singing 酒後的大笑、胡言乱语、歌声. adv: stagger about drunkenly 醉酒後步履蹒跚. n [U].n (US) = breathalyser./druːp; drup/ n (botany 植) fruit with juicy flesh surrounding a hard stone with a seed, eg an olive or a peach 核果（如橄榄、桃子）./draɪ; draɪ/ adj (drier, driest)  1 not (or no longer) wet, damp or sticky; without moisture 乾的; 乾燥的: Is the washing dry yet? 洗的衣服乾了吗? * Don't use this door until the paint is dry. 油漆未乾, 别走这个门. * This pastry is too dry  add some water. 做点心的面太乾--加点儿水吧.  2 with little rainfall 少雨的; 乾旱的: a dry spell, climate, country 乾旱期、乾燥的气候、乾旱的国家 * I hope it stays dry for our picnic. 我盼着别下雨, 我们好去野餐.  3 not supplying liquid 不提供液体的; 乾涸的: The wells ran dry. 井都乾了. * The cows are dry, ie not producing milk. 那些母牛不产奶.  4 without liquid 无液体的: a dry cough, ie without phlegm 乾咳（无痰） * My throat feels dry. 我嗓子发乾. * a dry shampoo, ie in powder form 乾洗发剂（粉状）.  5 (of a country or region) where it is illegal to buy or sell alcoholic drink （指某国家或地区）禁酒的: Some parts of Wales are dry on Sundays. 威尔士的一些地区星期日禁酒.  6 (infml 口) (making one) thirsty （令人）口渴的: I'm a bit dry. 我有点儿渴. * dry work 令人口渴的工作.  7 [attrib 作定语] without butter 无黄油的: dry bread, toast, etc 无黄油的面包、烤面包片等.  8 (of wines, etc) not sweet or fruity （指酒等）乾的（无甜味的或无水果味的）: a crisp dry white wine 清新可口的乾白葡萄酒 * a dry sherry 乾雪利酒.  9 plain; without anything pleasant or interesting 平淡的; 枯燥的; 无趣味的; 乾巴巴的: They offered no apology, just a dry explanation for the delay. 他们没有为延误道歉, 只做了个乾巴巴的解释.  10 (of humour) pretending to be serious （指幽默）装成正经的: a dry wit 假装正经的诙谐.  11 unemotional; cold 不动感情的; 冷淡的: a dry manner, greeting, tone of voice 冷淡的态度、招呼、声调.  12 dull; boring 枯燥的; 乏味的: Government reports tend to make rather dry reading. 政府的报告往往读来枯燥无味.  13 (idm 习语) boil dry => boil2. (as) ,dry as a `bone completely dry 完全乾燥的. (as) ,dry as `dust very boring 非常乏味的. high and dry => high. home and dry => home3. keep one's powder dry => powder. milk/suck sb/sth dry obtain from sb all the money, help, information, etc he has to give 竭力从某人处获取其所有的金钱、帮助、消息等; 榨取. not a dry eye in the house (joc 谑) everybody in the audience was crying or deeply affected 观众都在哭或深受感动. > dryly (also drily)/ 5draIlI; `draIlI/ adv: `They're not likely to give you money,' he remarked dryly. ｀他们不大可能给你钱,＇他冷淡地说. dryness n [U].

/draɪ; draɪ/ v (pt, pp dried)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) become dry （使某人[某物]）变乾: Leave the dishes to dry (off). 把盘子放着晾乾. * Dry your hands on this towel. 用这条毛巾把手擦乾.  2 [I] (infml 口) (of an actor) forget one's lines （指演员）忘记台词.  3 (phr v) dry (sb) out (infml 口) treat (sb) or be treated for alcoholism （为某人）戒酒. dry (sth) out (cause sth soaked in water, etc to) become completely dry （使浸水等之物）完全变乾, 乾透: Your clothes will take ages to dry out. 你的衣服要很长时间才能乾透. dry up (a) (of rivers, wells, etc) become completely dry （指河流、井等）乾涸. (b) (fig 比喻) (of any source or supply) no longer be available （指资源或供应）耗尽, 枯竭: If foreign aid dries up the situation will be desperate. 倘若外援枯竭, 形势将极为严重. (c) (infml 口) stop talking 停止谈话; 住口; 住嘴: Dry up and listen to me. 住嘴, 听我说. (d) be unable to continue talking, esp because one has forgotten what one was going to say 不能继续谈下去（尤指忘记要说的话）; 忘词儿. dry (sth) up dry (dishes, cutlery, etc) with a towel after washing them 用毛巾擦乾（洗过的盘子、餐具等）.electric battery with two or more dry cells 乾电池组.cell in which the chemicals are in a firm paste which does not spill 乾电池.dock from which water may be pumped out for work on a ship's bottom 乾船坞: a ship in dry dock for repairs 在乾船坞里待修的船.1 grain, fruit, etc 乾（谷类、水果等）货物.  2 (esp US) clothing, textiles, etc (as opposed to groceries) 服装、纺织品等（与食品杂货相对）.solid carbon dioxide (used for refrigerating, theatrical effects, etc) 乾冰（固态的二氧化碳, 用于冷却、舞台效果等）.land as distinct from sea, etc 陆地（区别于海洋等）: I'm no sailor and I couldn't wait to reach dry land. 我晕船, 恨不得立刻上岸.measure of capacity for dry goods 乾量（对乾货物的计量单位）.1 decay of wood, causing it to turn to powder （木材的）乾腐（使其成为粉末）.  2 fungi that cause this 使木材乾腐的真菌.  3 (fig 比喻) force that gradually spoils eg an organization or moral standards but which is not easily noticed at first （初时不易发现的）逐渐腐蚀（组织、道德标准等）的力量.(infml 口) rehearsal or practice, eg for a ceremony or procedure 演习, 排练（如为典礼或礼仪）: Let's do/have a dry run. 我们来排练一下.v [Tn] clean (clothes, etc) without water, using a solvent which evaporates quickly 乾洗（衣服等）. dry-cleaner n: The blankets are at the dry-cleaner's. 毛毯都在乾洗店里. dry-cleaning n [U].n nurse who does not suckle the baby she is caring for （不喂奶的）保姆.adj, adv without getting one's feet or shoes wet 未弄湿脚或鞋（的）: go ashore dry-shod 上岸而未湿鞋.n [U] building of drystone walls 无浆墙筑成的建筑物.adj (of a stone wall) built without mortar （指石墙）无浆砌成的./ˌdiː es ˈsiː; ˌdi ɛs `si/ abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Science: have/be a DSc in Physics 有物理学博士学位[为物理学博士] * Philip Jones DSc 菲利普·琼斯理学博士./ˌdiː es ˈəʊ; ˌdi ɛs `o/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order 特殊功劳勋章（的勋位）: be awarded the DSO for bravery 因勇敢荣获特殊功劳勋章./ˌdiː ˈtiː; ˌdi `ti/ (also DTs/ 9di: 5ti:z; 9di `tiz/) abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) trembling delirium (Latin delirium tremens) 震颤性谵妄（源自拉丁文delirium tremens）: have (an attack of) the DTs 患震颤性谵妄./ˈdjuːəl; <i>US</i> ˈduːəl; `duəl/ adj [attrib 作定语] having two parts or aspects; double 两部分的; 二体的; 二重的; 双的: his dual role as composer and conductor 他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分 * She has dual nationality, ie is a citizen of two different countries. 她兼有双重国籍. (Brit) (US divided highway) road with a central strip dividing streams of traffic moving in opposite directions 双线车道.adj (having) two linked sets of controls, allowing operation by either of two people 双重控制的, 复式操纵的（两人中任何一人皆可操纵）: [attrib 作定语] a ,dual-control `car, ie one used for driving lessons, in which the instructor can operate the clutch and brakes 双控汽车（用以教授驾驶技术, 教师在车上可操纵离合器和刹车）.adj serving two purposes 双重目的的; 两用的./djuːˈlətɪ; <i>US</i> duː-; du`ælətɪ/ [U] n./dʌb; dʌb/ v (-bb-)  1 [Cn.n] make (a man) a knight by touching him on the shoulder with a sword 以剑触（某人）肩以封之为爵士.  2 [Cn.n] give (sb) a nickname 给（某人）起绰号; 起外号: The papers dubbed them `The Fab Four'. 报刊给他们起了个绰号叫｀四绝＇.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) create, add to or replace the soundtrack of (a film), esp in a different language 为（影片）配音（尤指用不同的语言）: a dubbed version 配音片 * a German film dubbed into English 用英语配音的德国影片./ˈdʌbɪn; `dʌbɪn/ n [U] thick grease for making leather soft and waterproof （皮革用）软化防水油.

v [Tn] treat (esp boots) with dubbin 用软化防水油涂擦（尤指皮靴）./djuːˈbaɪətɪ; <i>US</i> duː-; du`baɪətɪ/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] feeling of doubt 怀疑; 疑惑.  2 [C] matter on which one is uncertain 不肯定的事./ˈdjuːbɪəs; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `dubɪəs/ adj  1 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (about sth/doing sth) not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful 半信半疑; 可疑: I remain dubious about her motives. 我对她的动机仍存疑念.  2 (derog 贬) possibly or probably dishonest, disreputable or risky 不大可靠的; 名声不大好的; 冒风险的: a rather dubious character 名声不太好的人 * a dubious business venture 冒险的商业投机 * His background is a trifle dubious, to say the least. 起码可以说, 他的背景不大可靠.  3 uncertain in result; in doubt 结果未定的; 不能确定的: The results of this policy will remain dubious for some time. 这项政策的效果短期内难以确定.  4 (esp ironic 尤作反语) of which the value is doubtful; questionable 价值可疑的; 有问题的; 有争议的: a dubious compliment, ie a disguised insult 明褒实贬的恭维 * She had the dubious honour of being the last woman to be hanged in England. 她是英国最後一个受绞刑的女子, 这也算是有此殊荣吧. adv. n [U]./ˈdjuːkl; <i>US</i> ˈduːkl; `dukl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a duke 公爵的; 似公爵的./ˈdʌtʃɪs; `dʌtʃɪs/ n (in titles 称谓中作 Duchess)  1 wife or widow of a duke 公爵夫人; 公爵遗孀.  2 woman who holds ducal rank in her own right 女公爵./ˈdʌtʃɪ; `dʌtʃɪ/ (also dukedom / 5dju:kdEm; ?@ 5du:k-; `dukdEm/) n territory of a duke or duchess 公爵的领地./dʌk; dʌk/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作ducks)  1 (a) [C] any of various types of common water-bird, domestic and wild 鸭; 野鸭: ducks waddling about the yard 在院子里一摇一摆走着的鸭子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. (b) [C] female of this 雌鸭. Cf 参看 drake. (c) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）鸭肉: roast duck 烤鸭.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (also ducky, ducks) (Brit infml 口) (as a form of address) dear （作称呼）亲爱的, 宝贝儿.  3 [C] (in cricket) batsman's score of nought （板球）零分: make a/be out for a duck 得零分而出局 * break one's duck, ie score one's first run 首次得分.  4 (idm 习语) a dead duck => dead. a lame duck => lame. (take to sth) like a ,duck to `water without hesitation, fear or difficulty; naturally 像鸭子下水般; 不犹豫地; 不惧怕地; 无困难地; 自然地: She's taken to teaching like a duck to water. 她教起书来就像鸭子下水般轻而易举. water off a duck's back => water. a sitting duck => sit.

/dʌk; dʌk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (esp one's head) down quickly, to avoid being seen or hit 迅速低下（尤指头）（以免被看见或被打中）: I saw the gun and ducked under the window. 我见到枪就迅速俯在窗下. * Duck your head down! 低下头!  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] push (sb) under water for a short time 使（某人）浸入水中片刻: Her sisters ducked her in the river. 她的姐妹把她按到河里.  3 [Ipr, Tn] (infml 口) ~ (out of) sth avoid or dodge (a duty, responsibility etc) 躲避, 推脱, 推委（任务、责任等）: It's his turn to wash up but he'll try and duck out of it. 轮到他刷锅洗碗, 他却想法儿逃避.

/dʌk; dʌk/ n  1 [U] strong linen or cotton cloth 坚固的麻布或棉布.  2 ducks [pl] trousers made of this 这种布制成的裤子.n [pl] boards used to spread one's weight when moving over muddy ground, a weak roof, etc （铺于泥泞地面、不牢的屋顶...上的）木板（用以分散人体重量）.n thorough soaking 浸透: give sb a ducking, ie push him into or under the water 使某人全身湿透（将其推入水中）./-lɪŋ; -lɪŋ/ n  1 (a) [C] young duck 雏鸭; 小鸭. (b) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）小鸭肉.  2 (idm 习语) an ugly duckling => ugly.1 children's game in which flat stones are bounced across the surface of the water 打水漂游戏.  2 (idm 习语) play ducks and `drakes with sth spend (esp one's money) in a careless wasteful way 浪费; （尤指）挥霍.n [U] plant that forms on the surface of ponds, etc 浮萍（生在池塘等表面的植物）./dʌkt; dʌkt/ n  1 tube or channel carrying liquid, gas, electric or telephone wires, etc; (esp in an air-conditioning system) tube through which air passes （液体、气体、电线或电话线等通过的）管道, 槽; （尤指空调系统中的）输气管: One of the air-ducts has become blocked. 有一条输气管堵塞了.  2 tube in the body or in plants through which fluid, etc passes 人体中或植物中液体等经过的管: `tear-ducts 泪管./dʌktaɪl; <i>US</i> -tl; `dʌktl/ adj  1 (of metals) that can be pressed, beaten or pulled into fine strands without being heated （指金属）（不经加热）可锻的, 可延展的, 可拉成细丝的, 有韧性的.  2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) (of a person) easily led or influenced （指人）顺从的, 易受影响的. /dʌkˈtɪlətɪ; dʌk`tɪlətɪ/ n [U].gland from which hormones, etc pass directly into the bloodstream, not through a duct 无管腺; 内分泌腺./dʌd; dʌd/ n (infml 口) thing or person that fails to work properly 无用的物或人; 废物: Two of the fireworks in the box were duds. 盒子里的烟火有两个是坏的. * The new manager is a complete dud. 新经理完全是个废物. * This battery is a dud. 这电池是废的.

adj defective; worthless 有缺点的; 不完善的; 无价值的; 无用的 * a dud cheque, ie one that is forged or not backed by cash 无用的支票（假支票或空头支票）./djuːd; <i>US</i> duːd; dud/ n (US)  1 city person, esp sb spending a holiday on a ranch 城里人（尤指在农场度假者）: [attrib 作定语] a dude ranch, ie one used as a holiday centre 度假农场.  2 dandy 纨绔子弟; 花花公子.  3 (sl 俚) man 男人: Who's that dude over there? 那边的那个男的是谁?/ˈdʌdʒən; `dʌdʒən/ n (idm 习语) in ,high `dudgeon angry, offended or resentful 恼怒; 愤怒; 忿恨: He stormed out of the meeting in high dudgeon. 他盛怒之下冲出会场./dʌdz; dʌdz/ n [pl] (sl 俚) clothes 衣服./djuː; <i>US</i> duː; du/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (to sb) owed as a debt or an obligation 应支付; 应给予; 欠下: Have they been paid the money due to them? 他们是否已得到了应得的钱? * I'm still due fifteen days' holiday. 我还应有十五天假期. (b) ~ for sth owed sth; deserving sth 应有; 应得到: She's due for promotion soon. 她不久就要晋升了.  2 [pred 作表语] requiring immediate payment 须立即支付; 到期: fall/become due 到期 * My rent isn't due till Wednesday. 我的租金星期三才到期.  3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth) scheduled; arranged; expected 预定; 约定; 预期: His book is due to be published in October. 他的书预定十月份出版. * The train is due (in) (ie scheduled to arrive) in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟後到达.  4 [attrib 作定语] suitable; right; proper 适当的; 正当的; 适宜的: after due consideration 经适当考虑之後 * With all due respect, I disagree completely. 不揣冒昧, 实不敢苟同.  5 ~ to sth/sb caused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth 由某人[某事物]引起的; 由于某人[某事物]: The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力.  6 (idm 习语)in ,due `course at the appropriate time; eventually 在适当时机; 最终: Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当时机予以处理.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Some speakers are careful to use due to only after the verb be 有些说英语的人用due to一词很谨慎, 仅将之用于动词之後: His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway. 他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致. But it is also generally considered acceptable today as a synonym for owing to, which is used differently 但目前普遍认为可将due to看作是owing to的同义词, 而owing to的用法与之有别: He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic. 他迟到是因为交通拥挤. *  Due to/Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late. 因交通拥挤, 他迟到了.  2 Due to can be used immediately after a noun *due to可直接用于名词之後: Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend. 在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多.

/djuː; <i>US</i> duː; du/ n  1 [sing] thing that should be given to sb by right 某人理应得到的东西: He received a large reward, which was no more than his due, ie at least what he deserved. 他得到了巨大的酬劳, 这至少是他应得的.  2 dues [pl] charges or fees, eg for membership of a club 应交纳的费用（如俱乐部的会费）: I haven't paid my dues yet. 我还没交会费.  3 (idm 习语) give sb his `due (fml 文) be fair to sb 公平对待某人: She's a slow worker but, to give her her due, she does try very hard. 她工作很慢, 但平心而论, 她确实非常努力. give the devil his due => devil1.

/djuː; <i>US</i> duː; du/ adv (of points of the compass) exactly （指罗盘的方位）正向: sail due east 向正东方航行 * walk three miles due north 向正北走三英里./ˈdjuːəl; <i>US</i> ˈduːəl; `duəl/ n  1 (formerly) formal fight between two men, using swords or pistols, esp to settle a point of honour （旧时）两男子的决斗（用剑或手枪, 尤指关系到名誉问题）: challenge sb to a duel 向某人挑战进行决斗.  2 (fig 比喻) contest or struggle between two people, groups, etc （双方的）竞争, 斗争: engage in a duel of words/wits 双方斗嘴[斗智].

v (-ll-; US also -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) fight a duel 决斗: duelling pistols, ie pistols used in a duel 用于决斗的手枪. /ˈdjuːəlɪst; `djuəlɪst/ (US duelist / 5du:ElIst; `duElIst/) n person fighting a duel 决斗者./djuːˈenə; <i>US</i> duːˈenə; du`ɛnə/ n (esp in Spain and Portugal) elderly woman acting as governess and chaperon to the daughters of a family （尤指在西班牙和葡萄牙）（家庭里女孩子的）保姆, 陪媪./djuːˈet; <i>US</i> duːˈet; du`ɛt/ (also duo) n piece of music for two players or singers 二重奏曲; 二重唱曲: a duet for violin and piano 小提琴和钢琴的二重奏曲 * We sang a duet. 我们唱了一曲二重唱./dʌf; dʌf/ adj (Brit sl 俚) worthless or useless 无价值的; 无用的.

v (Brit sl 俚)  1 [Tn] mishit (sth), esp in golf; bungle 未击中（某物）（尤指高尔夫球）; 弄糟（某事）: He duffed his drive off the first tee. 他开球第一杆就未击中.  2 (phr v) duff sb up punch or kick sb severely 狠打或狠踢某人./ˈdʌfə(r); `dʌfɚ/ n (dated infml 旧, 口) stupid or incompetent person 笨蛋; 无能的人: I was always a bit of a duffer at maths. 我在数学方面总是有点笨./ˈdʌfl; `dʌfl/ n [U] heavy woollen cloth with a soft surface 表面起绒的厚呢料.long tube-shaped canvas bag closed by a draw-string （抽口的长筒状）帆布包, 行李袋.n coat made of duffle, usu with a hood, fastened with toggles 厚呢料制的外衣（通常有兜帽, 以套索扣紧）.pt, pp of dig1.

/dʌg; dʌˇ/ n udder; teat （牛羊等的）乳房, 乳头./ˈdʌg aʊt; `dʌˇˌaᴜt/ n  1 (also dug-out canoe) canoe made by hollowing out a tree trunk 独木舟.  2 rough covered shelter, usu for soldiers, made by digging in the earth 掩蔽部, 防空洞（通常为士兵用的）./djuːk; <i>US</i> duːk; duk/ n (in titles 称谓中作 Duke) (fem 阴性作 duchess / 5dQtFIs; `dQtFIs/)  1 (title of a) nobleman of the highest rank 公爵（的称号）: the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester 格洛斯特公爵及公爵夫人.  2 (in some parts of Europe, esp formerly) male ruler of a small independent state （欧洲某些地区, 尤指旧时）（独立的小国或公国的）君主.n  1 position or rank of a duke 公爵的爵位; 君主的地位.  2 = duchy./ˈdʌlsɪt; `dʌlsɪt/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) sounding sweet; pleasing to the ear 动听的; 悦耳的: (ironic 反语) I thought I recognized your dulcet tones, ie the sound of your voice. 我想我听出了你那美妙的嗓音./ˈdʌlsɪmə(r); `dʌlsəmɚ/ n musical instrument played by striking metal strings with two hammers 扬琴; 洋琴./dʌl; dʌl/ adj (-er, -est)  1 not bright or clear 不鲜 明的; 不清楚的: a dull colour, glow, thud 暗淡的颜色、昏暗的光、沉闷的响声 * dull (ie cloudy) weather 阴沉的天气 * dull of hearing, ie slightly deaf 听力不佳.  2 slow in understanding; stupid 迟钝的; 呆笨的: a dull pupil, class, mind 迟钝的学生、一班学生、头脑.  3 lacking interest or excitement; boring; monotonous 枯燥无味的; 令人厌烦的; 单调的: The conference was deadly dull. 会议开得死气沉沉的.  4 not sharp 不锋利的; 钝的: a dull knife 钝刀.  5 (of pain) not felt sharply （指疼痛）感觉不明显的, 隐约感觉到的: a dull ache 隐约的疼痛.  6 (of trade) not busy; slow （指生意）萧条的, 清淡的: There's always a dull period after the January sales. 在一月份大减价之後市面总要有一段清淡时期.  7 (idm 习语) (as) ,dull as `ditch-water (infml 口) very boring 极沉闷乏味的.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dull （使某事物）变钝, 变迟钝: Watching television dulls one's wits. 看电视能使人头脑迟钝. * She took drugs to dull the pain. 她吃了药以减轻疼痛. * (fig 比喻) Time had dulled the edge of his grief. 岁月流逝冲淡了他的忧伤./ˈdʌləd; `dʌlɚd/ n person who thinks slowly; stupid person 头脑迟钝的人; 笨人.n [U].adj. /ˈdjuːlɪ; <i>US</i> ˈduːlɪ; `dulɪ/ adv  1 in a due, correct or proper manner （方式）正当地, 正确地, 适当地: The president was duly elected. 总统已正式选出.  2 at the due and proper time; punctually 按时地; 适时地; 准时地: I duly knocked on his door at three o'clock. 我准时在三点钟敲了他的门./dʌm; dʌm/ adj (-er, -est)  1 unable to speak 哑的: She's been dumb from birth. 她生来即哑. * our dumb friends, ie animals 我们的不能言语的朋友（即动物） * (fig 比喻) be struck dumb (ie left speechless) with horror, fear, amazement, etc 因恐怖、恐惧、惊愕等而说不出话来.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] temporarily silent; refusing to speak 暂时沉默; 拒绝说话: They begged him to explain, but he remained dumb. 他们请求他解释, 但他保持沉默不语.  3 (infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: That was a pretty dumb thing to do. 那件事干得可真蠢. * If the police question you, act dumb, ie pretend you don't know anything. 警方要是盘问你, 就装作什么也不知道.communication using gestures but no words; mime 手语; 哑语; 哑剧.(a) (US lazy Susan) stand with shelves for holding food ready to be served 食品台; 食品架. (b) small lift for carrying food, etc from one floor to another, esp in a restaurant 小型升降机（尤指饭店中传送食物者）./ˈdʌmbel; `dʌmˌbɛl/ n  1 short bar with a weight at each end, used for exercising the muscles, esp those of the arms and shoulders 哑铃.  2 (US infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 蠢货./dʌmˈfaʊnd; dʌm`faᴜnd/v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (sb) speechless with surprise; astonish 使（某人）受惊而说不出话; 使（某人）惊讶: We were completely dumbfounded by her rudeness. 她粗鲁无礼, 把我们吓呆了.adv. n [U]./ˈdʌmdʌm; `dʌmdʌm/ n (also dumdum bullet) soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact, causing a gaping wound 达姆弹./ˈdʌmɪ; `dʌmɪ/ n  1 [C] model of the human figure, used for displaying or fitting clothes, etc （用于展示或试穿服装等的）人体模型: a tailor's dummy 服装店的人体模型.  2 [C] thing that appears to be real but is only an imitation 仿制品: The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies. 陈列的威士忌酒都是假的.  3 [C] (esp Brit) (US comforter, pacifier) rubber teat, not attached to a bottle, for a baby to suck （不装在瓶子上的）橡皮奶头.  4 [sing] (a) (in card-games, esp bridge) player whose cards are placed facing upwards on the table and played by his partner （纸牌游戏, 尤指桥牌）明手, 梦家（将牌摊出者）. (b) these cards 明手、梦家摊出之牌: She played a jack from dummy. 她从明手摊出的牌中打出一张J.  5 [C] (US infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 蠢货.trial or practice attack, performance, etc 攻击、表演等的试验或演习./dʌmp; dʌmp/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 put (sth unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish 丢弃（不需要的某物）; 倾倒（垃圾）: Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. 有些人径直往河里倒垃圾. * Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea. 盛有核废料的密封容器被丢在海里.  2 put (sth) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass 将（某物）粗心地或猛力地放下或放成一堆: dump a load of gravel, a pile of newspapers, a bundle of dirty clothes 倾倒一车碎石、扔下一堆报纸、放下一包脏衣服 * Just dump everything over there  I'll sort it out later. 先把东西都堆在那边--我等会儿再整理.  3 (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) leave or abandon (sb) 丢下或抛弃（某人）: She dumped the kids at her mother's and went to the theatre. 她把孩子放在娘家就看戏去了. * He's dumped his wife and gone off with one of his students. 他丢下妻子, 跟自己的一个学生跑了.  4 (derog commerce 贬, 商) sell abroad at a very low price (goods that are not wanted in the home market) 向国外廉价倾销（国内市场不需要的货物）.  5 (computing 计) transfer (data, etc) from one part of a system to another or from one storage system to another 转储（数据等）.  6 (idm 习语) drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1.

n  1 place where rubbish may be unloaded and left; rubbish-heap 垃圾场; 垃圾堆. Cf 参看 tip2 n.  2 temporary store of military supplies 军需品的临时存放处: an ammu`nition dump 军火临时存放处.  3 (infml derog 口, 贬) dirty or unattractive place 肮脏的或讨厌的地方: How can you live in this dump? 你怎么住在这个破地方?

/dʌmp; dʌmp/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 put (sth unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish 丢弃（不需要的某物）; 倾倒（垃圾）: Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. 有些人径直往河里倒垃圾. * Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea. 盛有核废料的密封容器被丢在海里.  2 put (sth) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass 将（某物）粗心地或猛力地放下或放成一堆: dump a load of gravel, a pile of newspapers, a bundle of dirty clothes 倾倒一车碎石、扔下一堆报纸、放下一包脏衣服 * Just dump everything over there  I'll sort it out later. 先把东西都堆在那边--我等会儿再整理.  3 (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) leave or abandon (sb) 丢下或抛弃（某人）: She dumped the kids at her mother's and went to the theatre. 她把孩子放在娘家就看戏去了. * He's dumped his wife and gone off with one of his students. 他丢下妻子, 跟自己的一个学生跑了.  4 (derog commerce 贬, 商) sell abroad at a very low price (goods that are not wanted in the home market) 向国外廉价倾销（国内市场不需要的货物）.  5 (computing 计) transfer (data, etc) from one part of a system to another or from one storage system to another 转储（数据等）.  6 (idm 习语) drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1.

n  1 place where rubbish may be unloaded and left; rubbish-heap 垃圾场; 垃圾堆. Cf 参看 tip2 n.  2 temporary store of military supplies 军需品的临时存放处: an ammu`nition dump 军火临时存放处.  3 (infml derog 口, 贬) dirty or unattractive place 肮脏的或讨厌的地方: How can you live in this dump? 你怎么住在这个破地方?n (also dumper truck, US dumptruck) small vehicle, used on building sites, etc, with a container that can be tilted to dump its contents （建筑工地上使用的, 有翻斗的）小型自卸载重车.n [U]./ˈdʌmplɪŋ; `dʌmplɪŋ/ n  1 small ball of dough steamed or boiled, eg in a stew 蒸的或煮的小面团; 汤团; 团子.  2 baked pudding made of dough filled with fruit （将水果放在面团中烘制而成的）水果布丁: an apple dumpling 苹果布丁.  3 (infml 口) short plump person 矮胖的人; 胖墩子./dʌmps; dʌmps/ n [pl] (idm 习语) (down) in the dumps (infml 口) depressed; feeling gloomy 沮丧的; 抑郁的./ˈdʌmpɪ; `dʌmpɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a person) short and fat （尤指人）矮胖的. /dʌn; dʌn/ adj, n (of a) dull greyish-brown colour 暗褐色的; 暗褐色.

/dʌn; dʌn/ v (-nn-) [Tn] persistently demand payment of a debt from (sb) （不断地向某人）讨债; 催讨债款./dʌns; dʌns/ n person, esp a pupil, who is stupid or slow to learn （在学习上）愚笨的或迟钝的人（尤指学生）.pointed paper hat formerly given to dull pupils to wear in class as a punishment （旧时劣等生在课堂上戴的）圆锥形纸帽（以示惩罚）./ˈdʌndəhed; `dʌndɚˌhɛd/ n (derog 贬) stupid person 笨人; 蠢材./djuːn; <i>US</i> duːn; dun/ (also sand-dune) n mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind （由于风吹而形成的）沙丘./dʌŋ; dʌŋ/ n [U] animal excrement, esp when used as manure 动物的粪便; （尤指）粪肥./ˌdʌŋgəˈriːz; ˌdʌŋˇə`riz/ n [pl] overalls or trousers made of coarse cotton cloth （粗棉布制的）长工作服, 工装裤: a pair of dungarees 一条工装裤./ˈdʌndʒən; `dʌndʒən/ n underground prison cell, esp in a castle 地牢（尤指城堡中者）.n heap of dung in a farmyard 粪堆./dʌŋk; dʌŋk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (in/into sth)  1 dip (food) in liquid before eating 将（食物）浸入液体（再吃）: dunk a biscuit in one's coffee 将饼乾泡入咖啡.  2 submerge (sb/sth) briefly in water 将（某人[某物]）在水中浸一下, 蘸一下: They dunked her in the swimming-pool as a joke. 他们跟她开玩笑, 把她往游泳池里浸了一下./ˈdjuːəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈduːəʊ; `duo/ n (pl ~s)  1 pair of performers 成对的表演者: a comedy duo 一对喜剧演 员.  2 = duet./ˌdjuːəʊˈdesɪml; <i>US</i> ˌduːəˈdesəml; ˌduə`dɛsəml/ adj based on twelve or twelfths; proceeding by twelves 十二的; 十二分算的; 十二进的: a duodecimal system 十二进制./ˌdjuːəˈdiːnl; <i>US</i> ˌduːəˈdiːnl; ˌduə`dinl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: a duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡./ˌdjuːəˈdiːnəm; <i>US</i> ˌduːəˈdiːnəm; ˌduə`dinəm/ n (anatomy 解) first part of the small intestine, immediately below the stomach 十二指肠. =>illus at digestive 见digestive之插图. /ˈdjuːəlɒg; <i>US</i> ˈduːəlɔːg; `duəˌlɔˇ/ n conversation between two people （二人的）对话./djuːp; <i>US</i> duːp; dup/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive or trick sb (into doing sth) 欺骗或哄骗某人（做某事）.

n person who is duped; fool 受骗的人; 傻子: I won't be his dupe any longer. 我再也不受他的骗了./ˌdjuːpl ˈtaɪm; <i>US</i> duːpl; `dupl ˌtaɪm/ (music 音) rhythm with two beats in a bar 二拍子./ˈdjuːpleks; <i>US</i> ˈduːpleks; `duplɛks/ adj having two parts 有两部分的.

n (US)  1 (a) building divided into two dwellings 毗联式建筑（分隔成两个住宅者）. (b) either of these dwellings 毗联式建筑两个住宅中的一个.  2 (also duplex apartment) apartment on two floors 占两层楼的公寓套房./ˈdjuːplɪkət; <i>US</i> ˈduːpləkət; `dupləkət/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 exactly like something else; identical （与另一物）完全一样的; 完全相同的: a duplicate set of keys （与另一套）完全相同的一套钥匙.  2 having two identical parts; twofold; double 两部分完全相同的; 双重的; 二倍的: a duplicate receipt, form, etc 双联式收据、表格等.

n  1 one of two or more things that are exactly alike; copy 相似物; 复制品: Is this a duplicate or the original? 这是复制件还是原件?  2 (idm 习语) in duplicate (of documents, etc) as two identical copies （指文件等）一式两份: complete a form, prepare a contract, etc in duplicate 填写表格、准备合同等一式两份.

/ˈdjuːplɪkeɪt; <i>US</i> ˈduːpləkeɪt; `dupləˌket/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make an exact copy of (sth) 复制（某物）.  2 [Tn] do (sth) again, esp unnecessarily; repeat 再一次做（某事）（尤指无必要地）; 重复: This research merely duplicates work already done elsewhere. 这项研究仅仅是重复别人已经做过的工作. /ˌdjuːplɪˈkeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌduːpləˈkeɪʃn; ˌduplə`keʃən/ n [U] duplicating or being duplicated 复制; 重复: We must avoid wasteful duplication of effort. 我们必须避免无谓的重复劳动.n machine for making copies of written or typed material 复印机./djuːˈplɪsətɪ; <i>US</i> duːˈplɪsətɪ; du`plɪsətɪ/ n [U] (fml 文) deliberate deception 欺骗./ˌdjʊərəˈbɪlətɪ; <i>US</i> ˌdʊrəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌdᴜrə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈdjʊərəbl; <i>US</i> ˈdʊərəbl; `dᴜrəbl/ adj lasting for a long time 持久的; 耐久的: a durable peace, friendship, settlement 持久的和平、永恒的友谊、永久的解决 * trousers made of durable material 耐穿的料子制成的裤子 * This varnish provides a durable finish. 这种清漆可作耐久的罩面漆.n [pl] (also consumer durables) goods expected to last for a long time after they have been bought, eg vacuum cleaners 耐用品（如吸尘器）./djʊˈreɪʃn; <i>US</i> dʊˈreɪʃn; dᴜ`reʃən/ n [U]  1 time during which sth lasts or continues 持续时间; 期间: of short, long, three years', etc duration 短的、长的、持续三年的一段时间 * for the duration of this government 本届政府执政期间.  2 (idm 习语) for the duration (infml 口) (a) until the end of the war 在战争期间. (b) (fig 比喻) for a very long time 很长的时间: Well, I'm stuck here for the duration, eg for the whole term. 哎, 这段时间（如整个学期）我只得呆在这里了./djʊˈres; <i>US</i> dʊˈres; `dᴜrɛs/ n [U] threats or force used to make sb do sth; (usu illegal) compulsion 威胁; 逼迫; （通常指非法的）强迫行动: sign a confession under duress 受威逼在供状上签字./ˈdjʊərɪŋ; <i>US</i> ˈdʊr-; `dᴜrɪŋ/ prep  1 throughout (a period of time taken by an action or event) 在...期间: There are extra trains to the seaside during the summer. 通往海滨的火车在夏季有加车. * During his lifetime his work was never published. 他的作品在他的有生之年从未出版过. * He stopped for applause three times during his speech. 他在讲话过程中曾停下三次等待掌声落下.  2 within (a specified period of time) 在（某段时间）内: They only met twice during the whole time they were neighbours. 他们在毗邻而居期间只见过两次面. * There will be two intervals during the performance. 演出期间将有两次休息.  3 at a particular time while (sth) progresses 在（某事）进行过程中的某一时间: The phone rang during the meal. 吃饭时电话铃响了. * There was a bomb scare during the procession. 在列队行进时因怀疑有炸弹而引起恐慌. * Her husband was taken to hospital during the night. 她丈夫在夜间被送进医院./dʌsk; dʌsk/ n [U] time after twilight and before night 黄昏; 傍晚: The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn. 路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关.n [U]./ˈdʌskɪ; `dʌskɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 shadowy; dim 昏暗的; 黑暗的; 暗淡的; 朦胧的: the dusky light inside the cave 山洞内昏暗的光线.  2 (a) dark-coloured 颜色深的; 颜色暗的: dusky blue, red, etc 深蓝、深红. (b) (often offensive 常作轻蔑语) dark-skinned 皮肤黑的; 肤色深的: a dusky maiden 皮肤黑的少女 * dusky tribes 肤色深的种族. /dʌst; dʌst/ n [U]  1 fine dry powder consisting of particles of earth, dirt, etc 灰尘; 尘土; 尘埃: a speck of dust 一点灰尘 * The old furniture was covered in dust. 旧家具上有尘土. * clouds of dust blowing in the wind 风吹起的尘雾 * gold, chalk, etc dust, ie fine particles of gold, chalk, etc 金粉、粉笔灰 * [attrib 作定语] A dust-cloud (ie A whirlwind carrying clouds of dust) swept across the plain. 旋风卷着漫天尘土横扫平原.  2 (rhet 修辞) remains of a dead person 遗骸.  3 (idm 习语) bite the dust => bite1. dry as dust => dry1. kick up/raise a `dust (infml 口) make a fuss 引起骚乱. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. throw dust in sb's eyes prevent sb from seeing the truth by misleading him 蒙蔽某人, 使其不明真相. when the dust has settled when the present uncertainty, unpleasantness, etc is over 烟消云散; 疑云散尽; 愁云散尽.

/dʌst; dʌst/ v  1 (a) [Tn] remove dust from (sth) by wiping, brushing or flicking 将尘土从（某物）上抹去、刷去或拂去: dust the furniture, books, living-room 拭去家具上的、书上的、客厅里的灰尘. (b) [Tn.p] ~ sb down/off remove dust from sb by brushing or flicking 将尘土从某人身上刷去或拂去: Dust yourself down  you're covered in chalk. 把你自己身上掸掸--上面都是粉笔末.  2 (phr v) dust sth off begin to practise sth, esp a skill or a language that one knows but has not used for some time 开始复习某事（尤指一段时间内搁置不用的技艺或语言）: I'll have to dust off my French if we're going to move to Paris. 我们要是搬到巴黎去, 我就得把法语重新拾起来. dust sth onto, over, etc sth sprinkle (sth powdery) over sth 将（粉状物）撒在某物表面: dust sugar onto a cake 将糖粉撒在蛋糕上. dust sth with sth sprinkle sth with (sth powdery) 以（粉状物）撒在某物上: dust a cake with icing sugar 将糖霜撒在蛋糕上.area that has lost its vegetation through drought, over-cultivation, etc （因旱灾、耕地使用过度等）失去植被的地区.n (Brit) (US garbage truck) vehicle for collecting rubbish from dustbins 垃圾车.n  1 cover used for protecting a computer, gramophone turntable, etc from dust （计算机、留声机转盘等的）防尘罩.  2 = dust-jacket.  3 = dust-sheet.n removable paper cover to protect the binding of a book 护封.n sheet used for covering furniture that is not in use, to protect it from dust 家具罩单.n [sing] (infml 口) noisy quarrel or fight 争吵; 吵闹; 打架.n (Brit) (US garbage can, trash-can) container for (esp household) rubbish （尤指家庭的）垃圾桶.n cloth for dusting furniture, etc 搌布; 抹布.n [U]./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) (Brit) (US garbage man) man employed by a local authority to empty dustbins and remove rubbish 清除垃圾的工人.n pan into which dust is brushed from the floor 簸箕./ˈdʌstɪ; `dʌstɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) full of dust; covered with dust 满是灰尘的; 落满灰尘的: This room's rather dusty, I'm afraid. 我看, 这间屋子的尘土未免太多了. (b) like dust 灰尘般的; 粉末状的.  2 (idm 习语) a dusty answer curt rejection of a request; unfriendly refusal （对要求的）轻率的回绝; 淡然的拒绝. not so dusty (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) fairly good 还好; 还不坏: `How are you feeling?' `Oh, not so dusty, thanks!' ｀你身体怎样?＇｀啊, 还不错, 多谢!＇ /dʌtʃ; dʌtʃ/ adj  1 of the Netherlands (Holland), its people or their language 荷兰的; 荷兰人的; 荷兰语的.  2 (idm 习语) Dutch courage (infml joc 口, 谑) courage that comes from drinking alcohol 酒後之勇. a Dutch treat a meal, an entertainment, etc at which each person pays for himself 各自付费的聚餐、娱乐等. go Dutch (with sb) share expenses 均摊费用. talk (to sb) like a Dutch uncle => talk2.

n  1 the Dutch [pl v] the people of the Netherlands 荷兰人.  2 [U] the language of the Dutch 荷兰语. Cf 参看 double Dutch (double1).sale in which the price is gradually reduced until a buyer is found 降价式拍卖（逐渐降价直至有人购买为止）.farm building consisting of a roof supported on poles, without walls, used as a shelter for hay, etc （放乾草等的）棚子.= diaphragm 4.disease disease that kills elm trees, caused by a fungus 荷兰榆树病.covered container used for cooking meat, etc slowly 荷兰炖锅./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men)  1 native of the Netherlands 荷兰人.  2 (idm 习语) I'm a Dutchman! (used to express incredulity 用以表示难以置信): If he's only twenty-five, I'm a Dutchman! 要说他只有二十五岁, 我才不信呢!/ˈdjuːtɪəs; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `dutɪəs/ adj (fml 文) = dutiful./ˈdjuːtɪəbl; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `dutɪəbl/ adj on which customs or other duties (duty 3) must be paid 应纳税的: dutiable goods 应纳税的货物./ˈdjuːtɪfl; <i>US</i> ˈduː-; `dutɪfəl/ (also duteous) adj (fml 文) showing respect and obedience; fulfilling all one's obligations 恭敬顺从的; 尽职的: a dutiful son, subject, servant, etc 恭顺的儿子、顺从的国民、尽职的仆人. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv: He dutifully followed his commander's instructions. 他恭顺地服从长官的命令. * to serve one's country dutifully 克尽厥职为国效力./ˈdjuːtɪ; <i>US</i> ˈduːtɪ; `dutɪ/ n  1 [C, U] moral or legal obligation （道德上的或法律上的）责任, 义务: It's your duty to go. 你得去, 那是你的责任. * do one's duty 尽职 * It's not something I enjoy. I do it purely out of a sense of duty. 那并不是我喜欢做的事, 我纯粹是出于责任感才做的. * I'll have to go, I'm afraid  duty calls. 看来我得走了--公务在身.  2 [C, U] task or action that sb must perform （某人必须执行的）任务或行动: What are the duties of a traffic warden? 街道停车管理员的职责是什么? * I'm doing night duty this week. 这个星期我上夜班.  3 [C, U] ~ (on sth) tax charged on certain goods, esp on imports （某些货物, 尤指进口货物交纳的）税; 关税: customs/excise duties 关税[消费税]. Cf 参看 tariff 2.  4 (idm 习语) one's bounden duty => bounden. dereliction of duty => dereliction (derelict). do duty for sth serve as or act as a substitute for sth else 充作或当作另一事物的代替品: An old wooden box did duty for a table. 把旧木箱当作桌子. in the line of duty => line1. on/off duty (of nurses, police officers, etc) engaged/not engaged in one's regular work 值[不值]班; 上[不上]班: I arrive at the hospital at eight o'clock, but I don't go on duty until nine. 我八点钟就到医院了, 但是九点钟我才去值班. * [attrib 作定语] off-duty activities, hours 业余活动、时间.adj [pred 作表语] obliged by duty 义不容辞: I'm duty-bound to help him. 就我来说, 帮助他是责无旁贷的.adj, adv (of goods) that can be imported without payment of customs duties （指货物）免关税（的）: You're allowed 1 litres of spirits duty-free. 你可免税带进1升烈性酒. * There's a good duty-free shop (ie one selling such goods) on the ferry. 渡船上有个挺不错的免税商店. * buy cigarettes duty-free 买免税香烟./ˈduːveɪ; dᴜ`ve/ n quilt filled with soft feathers, etc, used on a bed instead of a top sheet and blankets 羽绒被. Cf 参看 eiderdown./ˌdiː ˈviː; ˌdi `vi/ abbr 缩写 = God being willing (Latin Deo volente) 如蒙上帝恩准, 如情况许可（源自拉丁文Deo volente）: He should be back by Friday, DV, ie if nothing prevents him. 他若一切顺利, 星期五就应该回来了./dwɔːf; dwɔrf/ n (pl ~s)  1 person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the normal size 矮子; 侏儒; 矮小的动物或植物: [attrib 作定语] a dwarf conifer 矮小的针叶树.  2 (in fairy stories) creature like a very small man with magic powers （神话中的）有魔法的小矮人.

v [Tn]  1 make (sb/sth) seem small by contrast or distance 使（某人[某物]）相比之下显得小: Our little dinghy was dwarfed by the big yacht. 我们的小船跟大游艇一比显得很小.  2 prevent the full growth of (sth); stunt 阻碍（某物）充分生长发育; 阻碍生长./dwel; dwɛl/ v (pt, pp dwelt/ dwelt; dwZlt/)  1 [Ipr] ~ in, at, etc . . . (arch or rhet 古或修辞) live as an inhabitant of or reside at (a place) 住; 居住.  2 (phr v) dwell on/upon sth think, speak or write at length about sth 细想某事; 详述某事: Let's not dwell on your past mistakes. 我们不要再细说你过去的错误了.n (esp in compound ns 尤用以构成复合名词) person or animal living in the place specified 住在某处的人或动物: `town-dwellers * `flat-dwellers * `cave-dwellers.n (fml 文) place of residence; house, flat, etc 住处; 住宅; 公寓: (fml or joc 文或谑) my humble dwelling 寒舍. `dwelling-house n (esp law 尤用于法律) house used as a residence, not as a place of work 住宅./ˈdwɪndl; `dwɪndl/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (to nothing) become gradually less or smaller 逐渐变少或变小; 减少; 缩小: dwindling hopes, popularity, profits 逐渐消失的希望、日益低落的声望、日渐减少的利润 * Their savings have dwindled (away) to nothing. 他们的存款已减少到分文不剩了./daɪ; daɪ/ v (3rd pers sing pres t dyes, pt, pp dyed, pres p dyeing) (a) [Tn, Cn.a] colour (sth), esp by dipping in a liquid 染（某物）（尤指浸渍法）: dye one's hair 染发 * dye a white dress blue 将白色的连衣裙染成蓝色. (b) [I] be able to be dyed 能染上颜色: a fabric that dyes well 易染色的织物. 

/daɪ; daɪ/ n [C, U]  1 substance used for dyeing 染料: vegetable dyes 植物染料 * I bought some blue dye yesterday. 我昨天买了些蓝颜料.  2 colour given by dyeing. 染料染上的颜色.  3 (idm 习语) of the blackest/deepest dye (dated 旧) of the worst kind 最坏的: a villain, scoundrel, traitor, etc of the deepest dye 罪大恶极的恶棍、流氓、叛徒等.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) totally fixed in one's ideas, beliefs, etc （思想、信仰等）根深蒂固的, 顽固不化的: a dyed-in-the-wool Marxist 死心塌地的马克思主义者.n.=> die.= dike./daɪˈnæmɪk; daɪ`næmɪk/ adj  1 of power or forces that produce movement 动力的. Cf 参看 static 2.  2 (of a person) energetic and forceful （指人）精力充沛的, 有力的: a dynamic personality 精力充沛的人.

n [sing] force that produces change, action, or effects 产生变化、行动或影响的力量: the inner dynamic of a historical period, social movement, work of art 某一历史时期的、社会运动的、艺术品的内在力量.adv./daɪˈnæmɪks; daɪ`næmɪks/ n  1 [sing v] branch of physics dealing with movement and force 动力学; 力学.  2 [pl] (music 音) amount of or variation in loudness 力度; 力度变化./ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm; `daɪnəˌmɪzəm/ n [U]  1 (in a person) quality of being dynamic （人的）精力, 活力, 干劲.  2 (philosophy 哲) theory that phenomena are the result of natural forces acting on each other 物力论（认为一切现象都是自然力相互作用的结果之理论）./ˈdaɪnəmaɪt; `daɪnəˌmaɪt/ n [U]  1 powerful explosive used in mining, etc 达纳炸药; 黄色炸药.  2 (fig 比喻) (a) thing likely to cause violent reactions 能引起强烈反应的事物: The abortion issue is political dynamite. 堕胎问题在政治上是个爆炸性的问题. (b) (infml approv 口, 褒) strikingly impressive person or thing 了不起的人或事物: Their new album is sheer dynamite. 他们这套新唱片一下子轰动起来.

v [Tn] blow (sb/sth) up with dynamite 炸毁（某人[某物]）./ˈdaɪnəməʊ; `daɪnəˌmo/ n (pl ~s)  1 device for converting steam-power, water-power, etc into electricity; generator 发电机. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages xii, xiii.  2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) intensely energetic person 精力充沛的人: a human dynamo 干劲十足的人./dɪˈnstɪk; <i>US</i> daɪ-; daɪ`næstɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: dynastic succession 改朝换代./ˈdɪnəstɪ; <i>US</i> ˈdaɪ-; `daɪnəstɪ/ n  1 series ofrulers all belonging to the same family 朝代; 王朝: the Tudor dynasty 都铎王朝.  2 period during which a particular dynasty rules 某一王朝统治的时期; 朝代: during the Ming dynasty 在明朝. /ˈdɪsəntrɪ; <i>US</i> -terɪ; `disnˌtɛrɪ/ n [U] inflammation of the bowels, causing severe diarrhoea, usu with a discharge of mucus and blood 痢疾./dɪsˈleksɪə; dɪs`lɛksɪə/ n [U] (medical 医) (also word-blindness) abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling, caused by a brain condition 诵读困难./dɪsˈleksɪk; dɪs`lɛksɪk/ n, adj (person) suffering from dyslexia 患诵读困难症的（人）./dɪsˈpepsɪə; <i>US</i> dɪsˈpepʃə; dɪ`spɛpʃə/ n [U] (fml 文) indigestion 消化不良./dɪsˈpeptɪk; dɪ`spɛptɪk/ adj, n (typical of a) person suffering from dyspepsia or the irritability that it causes 消化不良的; 消化不良患者; （因消化不良引起的）烦躁（的）, 易怒（的）./ˈdɪstrəfɪ; `dɪstrəfɪ/ n [U] (medical 医) inherited condition that causes a progressive weakening of the body tissues, esp the muscles 营养障碍; 营养不良: muscular dystrophy 因营养障碍造成的肌肉萎缩./iː; i/ n (pl E's, e's/ i:z; iz/)  1 the fifth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第五个字母: `Eric' begins with an `E'/E. Eric一字以E字母开始.  2 E (music 音) the third note in the scale of C major  C大调音阶中的第三音或音符.

abbr 缩写 =  1 (esp on electric plugs) earth (connection)（尤指标于电器插头上的）地线（接线）.  2 east(ern):E Asia 东亚 * London E10 6RL, ie as a postal code 伦敦E10 6RL（邮政编码）.=> Ecode number, beginning with the letter E, used for indicating the additives in food and drink E 数（以E字母开头的代号, 用以表明食品或饮料中的添加剂）.abbr 缩写 = each: oranges 10p ea 橙子10便士一个./iːtʃ; itʃ/ indef det (used with sing [C] ns and sing vs 与单数可数名词和单数动词连用) (of two or more) every (person, thing, group, etc) considered individually 每一, 各个: on each side of the road 在路的每一边 * a ring on each finger 每个手指上一个指环 * Each day passed without any news. 每天都没有任何消息.

indef pron every individual member (of a group) 每个: each of the boys, books, buildings 每个男孩、每本书、每座建筑物 * Each of them phoned to thank me. 他们每个人都打电话来向我道谢. * Each of us has a company car. 我们每人都有一辆公司的汽车. (Cf 参看 We each have a company car.) * I'll see each of you separately. 我要分别地见你们每一个人. (Cf 参看 I'll see you each separately. ) * He gave us 5 each. 他给我们每人5英镑.

indef adv every one separately 每一个地; 各个地: The cakes are 20p each. 糕饼每块20便士.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Each and every are generally used as determiners before singular countable nouns. *each和every一般都作限定词, 用于单数可数名词之前. Each is used when the items in a group (of two or more) are considered individually *each用以指一个群体（至少两个）中个别的个体: Each child learns at his or her own pace. 每个儿童均按自己的进度学习. Every indicates that all the items in a group (of three or more) are being regarded as members of that group. *every指一个群体（至少三个）中侧重于全体的所有个体, 而不在个别的个体. It can be modified by some adverbs 这个词可以受某些副词修饰: Every/Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test.这所学校的每一个[几乎每一个]儿童游泳都及格了. Each (one) of and every one of come before plural nouns or pronouns, but the verb is still singular *each (one) of和every one of用于复数名词或代词之前, 然而动词仍用单数: Each of the houses is slightly different. 每所房子都稍有区别. *  I bought a dozen eggs and every one of them was bad. 我买了一打鸡蛋, 每个都是坏的. *  She gave each (one) of her grandchildren 50p. 她给每个孙儿50便士. Each can function as a pronoun on its own *each本身可作代词: I asked all the children and each told a different story. 我问过所有的孩子, 每个人的说法都不一样. It can also follow a plural subject or an indirect object with a plural verb 这个词还可以用于复数的主语之後或复数动词的间接宾语之後: We each have a different point of view. 我们每个人都有不同的观点.(used only as the object of a v or prep 仅用作动词或介词的宾语) the other one, reciprocally 互相; 彼此: Paul and Linda helped each other, ie Paul helped Linda and Linda helped Paul. 保罗和琳达互相帮助. * We write to each other regularly. 我们彼此经常通信. Cf 参看 one another (one3)./ˈiːgə(r); `iˇɚ/ adj  1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) full of interest or desire; keen 热切的; 渴望的; 热心的: eager for success 渴望成功 * eager to please 极想讨好（别人）.  2 (idm 习语) an eager `beaver (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) keen, hard-working and enthusiastic person 积极、努力又热心的人. adv. n [U]./ˈiːgl; `iˇl/ n  1 large strong bird of prey of the falcon family with very good eyesight 雕; 鹰.  2 (in golf) score of two strokes less than average （高尔夫球）比标准杆少两杆的分数. Cf 参看 birdie 2, par1 3. (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 very good eyesight 极好的视力.  2 keen watchfulness 敏锐的目光: The teacher's eagle eye was always on us, ie She noticed everything. 教师的锐利目光总是盯着我们（一举一动她都能注意到）. adj./iːglɪt; `iˇlɪt/ n young eagle 小雕; 小鹰./ɪə(r); ɪr/ n  1 [C] organ of hearing; its outer part 耳, 耳朵; 外耳: The doctor looked into my ears. 医生检查我的耳朵. * Rabbits have large ears. 兔子的耳朵很长. * [attrib 作定语] She's got an `ear infection. 她耳朵感染了. =>illus 见插图.  2 [sing] an ~ (for sth) sense of hearing; ability to discriminate sounds, esp in music and language 听觉; （尤指音乐和语言中的）辨音力, 听力: She has a good ear for languages. 她学语言的听力很好.  3 (idm 习语) (be) all `ears (infml 口) listening attentively 倾听: Tell me your news; I'm all ears. 把你的新鲜事告诉我, 我洗耳恭听. box sb's ears => box2. sth comes to/reaches sb's `ears sb finds out about sth, eg news or gossip 某事物（如消息或闲话）传到某人耳朵里: If this news ever reaches her ears, she'll be furious. 这个消息万一传到她的耳朵里, 她一定得大发雷霆. din in one's ears => din v. sb's `ears are burning sb suspects that he is being talked about, esp in an unkind way 某人耳朵发烧（怀疑遭人议论, 尤指说坏话）: All this gossip about Sarah  her ears must be burning! 都在说萨拉的闲话--她耳朵一定发烧了! easy on the ear/eye => easy1. fall on deaf ears => deaf. feel one's ears burning => feel1. give sb/get a thick ear => thick. go in (at) `one ear and out (at) the `other be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten 一耳进一耳出; 左耳进右耳出; 当作耳边风: You've forgotten to buy the eggs! It (ie What I tell you) goes in one ear and out the other. 你忘记买鸡蛋了! 把我跟你说的话当成耳旁风了. have, get, win, etc sb's `ear have or get sb's favourable attention 获得某人的好感; 受到某人的重视. have/keep an/one's ear to the `ground be aware of all that is happening and being said 注意周围的动静: Peter'll know; he always keeps an ear to the ground. 彼得会知道的, 他耳听八方. have a word in sb's ear => ordword. keep one's ears/eyes open => open1. lend an ear => lend. make a pig's ear of sth => pig. meet the ear/eye => meet1. music to one's ears => music. not believe one's ears/eyes => believe. (be) out on one's `ear suddenly expelled, dismissed, etc 突遭驱逐、开除、解雇等. play (sth) by `ear play (music) by remembering how it sounds, ie without seeing a printed form 凭记忆演奏（乐曲）（即不看乐谱）. play it by `ear (infml 口) act without preparation according to the demands of a situation; improvise 事前无准备而根据情况采取行动; 临时现做: I've had no time to prepare for this meeting, so I'll have to play it by ear. 我没有时间准备这次会议, 所以只好有什么谈什么. prick up one's ears => prick2. shut one's ears to sth/sb => shut. smile, etc from ear to `ear smile, etc broadly, showing that one is very pleased or happy 眉开眼笑. turn a deaf ear => deaf. (be) up to one's ears/eyes in sth very busy with or overwhelmed by sth 忙得不可开交; 深陷于某事物中: I'm up to my ears in work at the moment. 我现在工作忙极了. walls have ears => wall. with a flea in one's ear => flea. wet behind the ears => wet. with half an `ear not very attentively 不很注意地: I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while preparing some food. 我正在做吃的, 没太留心听收音机.

/ɪə(r); ɪr/ n seed-bearing part of a cereal, eg wheat, barley, etc （麦子的）穗. =>illus at cereal 见cereal之插图.n (usu pl 通常作复数) liquid medication dropped into the ears 滴耳药水.(also drum) n thin membrane in the inner part of the ear which vibrates when sound waves strike it 鼓膜. =>illus 见插图.(usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of ear-coverings connected by a band across the top of the head, and worn to protect the ears, esp from the cold （尤指防寒用的）耳罩: a pair of green ear-muffs 一副绿色的耳罩.n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of two pieces of soft material put into the ears to keep out air, water or noise （防止空气、水或声音进入耳内的）耳塞.n (often pl 常作复数) piece of jewellery worn in or on the ear lobe 耳环; 耳饰.adj very loud; shrill 极响的; 震耳的; 刺耳的: an ear-splitting crash 震耳欲聋的碰撞.n trumpet-shaped tube formerly used by partially deaf people to magnify sound （旧时的）喇叭形助听器.n [U, sing] pain in the ear-drum 耳痛./ˈɪəfʊl; ɪrfᴜl/ n [sing] (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get an `earful give or receive a long angry or abusive speech 说或听一番气愤的或辱骂的话: If he bothers you again I'll give him an earful. 如果他再来烦你, 我就训他一顿./ɜːl; ɝl/ n (fem 阴性作 countess) (title of a) British nobleman ranking between a marquis and a viscount 伯爵（的衔头）.n rank of an earl 伯爵的爵位.n [U]./ˈɜːlɪ; `ɝlɪ/ (-ier, -iest) adj, adv  1 near to the beginning of a period of time 早; 初; 初期: the early morning 清早 * in early spring 早春 * in his early twenties, ie aged between 20 and 23 or 24 （他）二十岁出头 * early works (of a composer, poet, writer, etc), ie those written at the beginning of a career （作曲家、诗人、作家等的）早期作品 * Two players were injured early in the season. 有两名选手在该季开始不久就受了伤. Cf 参看 late1 2, late2 2.  2 before the usual or expected time 提前; 提早: early peaches, ie peaches that ripen early in the season 早熟的桃子 * an early breakfast, eg at 5 am 很早的早餐（如于早晨5时者） * I got up early today. 我今天起得很早. * The bus arrived five minutes early. 公共汽车早到了五分钟. Cf 参看 late1 1, late2 1.  3 (idm 习语) at your earliest con`venience (fml esp commerce 文, 尤用于商业) as soon as possible 尽早: Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience. 请尽早送货. bright and `early => bright. an `early bird (joc 谑) person who arrives, gets up, etc early 早到、早起等的人: You're an early bird this morning! 你今天起得真早啊! the ,early bird catches the `worm (saying 谚) the person who arrives, gets up, etc first will be successful 早起的鸟才能捉到虫; 捷足先登. early `days (yet) (esp Brit) too soon to be sure how a situation, etc will develop 过早; 尚早: I'm not sure if our book will be a success  it's early days yet. 我们这本书是否受欢迎, 我没有把握--现在言之过早. the early `hours very early in the morning, ie not long after midnight 深夜: They were dancing till the early hours. 他们跳舞跳到深夜. an early/a late night => night. early `on soon after the start of a past event 在初期; 开始後不久: I knew early on (in the film) that I wasn't going to enjoy it. 电影一开演我就知道不会喜欢这部电影. an early/late riser => riser (rise1). ,early to `bed and ,early to `rise (makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise) (saying 谚) living sensibly and without excesses (will bring a person good health, money and wisdom) 睡得早, 起得早, （富足、聪明、身体好）. keep early `hours rise early or go to bed early 早起; 早睡. (Brit) shutting of shops, etc on a particular afternoon every week （每周某一日下午商店等）停止营业: It's early closing (day) today. 今天照例下午停止营业.early indication (eg by radar) of the approach of enemy aircraft, missiles, etc 预先警报（敌人飞机、导弹等逼近的预先显示, 如由雷达显示）: [attrib 作定语] early `warning system 预先警报系统./ˈɪəmɑːk; `ɪrˌmɑrk/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth/sb) assign or set aside sb/sth (to or for a special purpose) （为某目的）指定或安排某人[某事物]: earmark a sum of money for research 拨出一笔款项作研究经费 * I've earmarked Peter for the job. 我已派彼得做这事./ɜːn; ɝn/ v  1 [Tn] (a) get (money) by working 赚; 挣: He earns 10000 a year. 他一年赚10000英镑. * She earned her living by singing in a nightclub. 她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生. * earned/unearned income 劳动收入[非劳动收入]. (b) get (money) as a return on a loan or investment （贷款或投资）获得（利钱）: Money earns more in a high interest account. 钱放在高利息的帐户里获利多.  2 [Tn, Dn.n] gain (sth deserved) in return for one's achievements, behaviour, etc （因自己的成就、行为等）得到（应得的事物）; 博得; 使得: You've certainly earned your retirement. 你确已理当退休了. * a well-earned rest 应得的休息 * His honesty earned him great respect. 他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬. * His bad manners earned him a sharp rebuke. 他因为没有礼貌而受到责备.  3 (idm 习语) earn/turn an honest penny => honest. ,earn one's `keep work hard enough to cover the costs of one's food, accommodation, etc 挣钱维持生活./ˈɜːnɪst; `ɝnɪst/ adj (too) serious; determined; not light-hearted （太）认真的; 坚决的; 不掉以轻心的: a terribly earnest young man 认真得不得了的年轻人.

n (idm 习语) in (dead/deadly/real) `earnest (a) with determination and energy 有决心和精力: It's beginning to snow in earnest, ie heavily. 雪真的下起来了（下大了）. (b) serious(ly); not joking(ly) 认真（地）; 并非开玩笑（地）: When she threatened to report us, she was in dead earnest. 她威胁说要告发我们, 她可是郑重其事说的.

/ˈɜːnɪst; `ɝnɪst/ n [sing]  1 sum of money paid as an instalment or a deposit to show that full payment will be made later 定金; 保证金.  2 thing meant as a sign or promise of what will follow 预示; 承诺; 保证: As an earnest of my good intentions I will work overtime this week. 我愿本周加班工作以示诚意.adv: I earnestly beg you to reconsider your decision. 我诚恳地请求你把你的决定再重新考虑一下.n [U].n [pl] money earned 赚的钱; 生的利: I've spent all my earnings. 我把赚的钱都花光了. adj (of payments, etc) linked to and changing with one's earnings （指付款等）随个人收入而改变的: an ,earnings-related `pension scheme 随个人收入而改变的退休金计划.n (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) either of two receivers attached to each other so that they fit over the ears, used for listening to records, the radio, etc 耳机. (b) similar device with only one receiver that fits inside one ear 单耳机.n [U] (idm 习语) (be) out of/within `earshot where one cannot/can be heard 在听力范围之外[之内]./ɜːθ; ɝθ/ n 1 (usu 通常作 the earth) [sing] this world; the planet on which we live 世界; 地球: The moon goes round the earth. 月球环绕地球运转. * I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了.  2 [sing] land; the surface of the world as opposed to the sky or sea 大地; 陆地; 地面: After a week at sea, it was good to feel the earth under our feet again. 出海一周後, 又重新回到陆地上而感到愉快. * The balloon burst and fell to earth. 气球破裂而落到地上.  3 [U] soil 泥土: a clod/lump of earth 土块 * fill a hole with earth 用泥土填洞 * cover the roots of a plant with earth 用泥土把植物的根埋起来. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 [C] hole of a wild animal, esp a fox or badger （野兽的, 尤指狐狸或獾的）洞穴; 兽穴.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp Brit) (US ground) (wire that provides a) connection with the ground completing an electrical circuit 接地; 地线.  6 [C] (chemistry 化) any of several metallic oxides 几种金属氧化物之一: an alkaline earth 硷土金属氧化物 * rare earths 稀土金属元素.  7 (idm 习语) charge, cost, pay, etc (sb) the `earth (infml 口) charge, etc a lot of money 要付...很多钱: I'd love that bike, but it costs the earth. 我很喜欢那辆自行车, 可是贵得不得了. come back/down to `earth (with a bang/bump) (infml 口) stop day-dreaming; return to reality 不再做白日梦; 回到现实中来: When his money ran out, he came down to earth (with a bump). 他把钱用光时, 才（赫然）如梦初醒. the ends of the earth => end1. the four corners of the earth => corner. go/run to earth/ground hide oneself away to avoid being captured, etc 躲藏起来以免被捉住等. how, why, where, who, etc on `earth/in the `world (infml 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) how, etc ever 到底怎样...: What on earth are you doing? 你到底在干什么呢? * How on earth did she manage that? 她究竟怎么办到的呢? (be, feel, look, etc) like nothing on `earth (infml 口) very bad, unwell, peculiar, etc 糟糕、难受、特别极了等: He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿着奇装异服难看极了. move heaven and earth => move2. promise the earth/moon => promise2. run sb/sth to `earth find sb/sth by searching hard 尽力追查某人[某事物]: The police eventually ran him to earth in Paris. 警察穷追不舍, 终于在巴黎找到了他. the salt of the earth => salt. wipe sth off the face of the earth/off the map => wipe.

v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (esp Brit) connect (an electrical appliance, etc) with the ground 将（电器等）接地: Is this plug earthed? 这个插头接地了吗?  2 (phr v) earth sth up cover (the roots of a plant, etc) with earth 用土掩盖（植物等的根）: He earthed up the celery. 他给芹菜培上了土.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare earth, ground, floor and soil. 将earth、ground、floor、soil这几个词作一比较. The earth (also Earth) is the name of the planet where we live and earth can also refer to the solid land in contrast to the sky above  *the earth（亦大写作Earth）是我们赖以生存的地球的名称, earth还可指大地, 是相对于天空而言: The parachutist floated gently down to earth. 跳伞者轻飘飘地降落到地上. Ground indicates an area or distance on the earth's surface *ground指地面上的区域或距离: The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. In addition, the ground is the solid surface under our feet when we are in the open air 此外, 当人们在露天活动时, the ground可用以指地面: You shouldn't sit on the ground when it's wet. 地面潮湿时就不应该坐在地上. The floor is the solid surface under our feet inside a building *the floor指建筑物内的地面: He left his clothes lying all over the floor. 他把衣服扔得满地都是. Ground, earth and especially soil refer to the natural material in which trees and plants grow. *ground、earth、特别是soil, 均指土壤. Ground is an area of soil and earth *ground指土壤和土地的一个区域: stony ground 多石的地面 *  black earth 黑土地 *  sandy soil 沙土地.any of various sciences, such as geology or geography, concerned with the earth or part of it 地球科学（如地质学、地理学等）./ˈɜːθn; `ɝθən/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 made of earth 泥土做的: earthen floors （建筑物内的）泥土地面.  2 made of baked clay 用烧过的黏土做的; 陶制的: earthen pots 陶壶.n [U] pottery made of baked clay 陶器: [attrib 作定语] an earthenware bowl 陶碗.n [U]./ˈɜːθlɪ; `ɝθlɪ/ adj  1 of this world; not spiritual 现世的; 尘世的: earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐、财产.  2 (infml 口) (usu with a negative 通常与否定式连用) possible; conceivable 可能的; 可想像的: You've no earthly hope of winning. 你根本没有获胜的希望.  3 (idm 习语) no earthly use (infml 口) totally useless 完全无用的. not have an `earthly (Brit infml 口) not have the slightest chance or hope or idea 没有丝毫机会或希望或概念: `Why isn't it working?' `I haven't an earthly (ie I don't know at all.)' ｀这怎么不灵呢?＇｀我一点儿都不知道.＇/ˈɜːθkweɪk; `ɝθˌkwek/ (also quake) n sudden violent movement of the earth's surface 地震.n (formerly) large man-made bank of earth used as a fortification （旧时）土垒（用泥土筑成的大型防御工事）: the remains of ancient earthworks 古代土垒的残骸.n common type of worm that lives in the soil 蚯蚓. =>illus at worm 见worm之插图.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of or like earth or soil 泥土的; 像泥土的; 土壤的; 像土壤的: an earthy smell 泥土的气味.  2 (fig 比喻) (of people, jokes, etc) coarse; not refined or sensitive （指人、笑话等）粗俗的; 不文雅的; 土里土气的: an earthy sense of humour 粗俗的幽默感. /ˈɪəwɪg; `ɪrˌwɪˇ/ n small harmless insect with pincers at the rear end of its body 蠼螋（一种有尾铗的无害小昆虫）,小蜈蚣./iːz; iz/ n [U]  1 freedom from work, discomfort, pain or anxiety 安逸; 舒适; 无痛苦; 无忧虑: a life of ease 安逸舒适的生活 * ease of mind 心情舒畅 * The injection brought him immediate ease. 他经注射後疼痛顿消. Cf 参看 easy1 2.  2 (idm 习语) (stand) at `ease (as a military command 用作军事口令) (stand) with feet apart and hands behind the back 稍息. Cf 参看 attention 4. (be/feel) at (one's) `ease (be/feel) comfortable and unworried; (be/feel) completely relaxed （感到）舒适而无忧虑; （感到）完全松弛: I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在. * Finish the work at your ease, ie in your own time. 你可以从容地把这项工作做完（在你方便时）. ill at ease => ill1. put/set sb at (his, her, etc) `ease make sb feel comfortable, free from embarrassment, etc 使某人感到舒适、不拘束等: He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安, 可是她热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest => mind1. ,take one's `ease stop working or worrying; relax 不再工作或忧虑; 休息; 轻松; 放心: She sat down and took her ease by the fire. 她坐在火旁休息一下. with `ease without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: He passed the test with ease. 他轻而易举地考及格了.

/iːz; iz/ v  1 (a) [Tn] relieve (the body or mind) from pain, anxiety, discomfort, etc 减轻或消除（身体或精神上的）痛苦、忧虑、不适等: The aspirins eased my headache. 阿司匹林使我头疼减轻. * Talking eased his anxiety. 那一番谈话打消了他的顾虑. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth free sb from suffering, etc 消除某人的痛苦等: Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦.  2 [I, Ip] (a) become less painful, severe, etc 减轻痛苦、严重程度等: The pain eased. 疼痛减轻了. (b) become less unpleasant or difficult 减轻不愉快的或困难的程度: The situation has eased (off). 情况已经缓和了.  3 [Tn] make (sth) looser or less tight; slacken 使（某物）放松; 松开: The coat needs to be eased under the armpits. 这件上衣的　肯需放一放.  4 (idm 习语) ease sb's `conscience/`mind free sb from guilt, worry, etc 消除某人的内疚、忧虑等: It would ease my mind to know where he was. 要知道他在哪儿我就放心了.  5 (phr v) ease (sb/sth) across, along, away, etc (cause sb/sth to) move across, etc slowly and carefully （使）缓慢而小心地移动过去等: He eased himself along the ledge to reach the terrified boy. 他小心翼翼地沿着突出的檐向那惊惶失措的男孩靠近. * She eased her injured foot into her shoe. 她小心翼翼地把受伤的脚伸进鞋里. ,ease `down reduce speed 减低速度: Ease down: there's a sharp bend ahead. 慢一点儿, 前面有个急转弯. ,ease `off/`up become less severe, oppressive or urgent 减轻; 减缓; 缓和: The tension between us has eased off a little. 我们之间的紧张状况已经缓和一些. * The flow of traffic eased off. 交通已经通畅. * I'm very busy just now; wait until things have eased up a little. 我现在非常忙, 等事情缓一缓再说. ease up on sb/sth be more moderate with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]更适度、更有节制: I should ease up on the cigarettes if I were you. 我要是你, 我就再少抽些烟了./ˈiːzl; `izl/ n wooden frame for holding a blackboard or a picture (while it is being painted) 黑板架; 画架./ˈiːzəlɪ; `izɪlɪ/ adv  1 without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: I can easily finish it tonight. 我今晚轻而易举就可把它做完.  2 without doubt 无疑地: It's easily the best film I've seen this year. 这无疑是我今年所看过的最好的电影.  3 possibly 可能地: That could easily be the answer we're looking for. 那可能就是我们正在寻找的办法.n [U]./iːst; ist/ n [sing] (abbr 缩写 E)  1 the east point of the horizon where the sun rises; one of the four main points of the compass 东; 东方: The wind is blowing from the east. 风从东方来. * He lives to the east of (ie further east than) Exeter. 他住在埃克塞特的东边. Cf 参看 north, south, west.  2 the East (a) countries of Asia, esp China and Japan 东方国家（亚洲的国家, 尤指中国和日本）: philosophies of the East 东方国家的哲学 * Yoga originated in the East. 瑜伽起源于东方国家. (b) any part of the world to the east of Europe 欧洲以东的任何地区: the Middle East 中东 * the Near East 近东 * the Far East 远东.  3 the East (US) eastern side of the USA 美国的东部地区: I was born in the East, but now live in Los Angeles. 我出生于东部, 但现在住在洛杉矶.

adj [attrib 作定语]  1 in or towards the east 在东方的; 向东方的: He lives on the east coast. 他住在东部海岸地区.  2 (of winds) from the east （指风）从东方来的: an east wind 东风. Cf 参看 easterly.

adv towards the east 向东方地: My window faces east. 我的窗户朝东. * We are travelling east. 我们向东方旅行. * a town east of the Danube 多瑙河以东的一个城镇.n person living in the East End 在伦敦东区居住的人./ˈiːstbaʊnd; `istˌbaᴜnd/ adj travelling towards the east 向东方旅行的: Is this the eastbound train? 这是东行列车吗? * the eastbound section of the motorway 高速公路的东行段./ˈiːstə(r); `istɚ/ n annual Christian festival, that occurs on a Sunday in March or April, and celebrates the resurrection of Christ after the crucifixion; period about this time 复活节（基督徒一年一度的节日, 于3月或4月的一个星期日, 纪念耶稣在十字架上受刑死後复活）; 复活节期间: [attrib 作定语] ,Easter `Day 复活节日 * ,Easter `Sunday 复活节星期日 * `Easter week, ie the week beginning on Easter Sunday 复活节周（自复活节星期日起的一周） * the Easter holidays 复活节假期.egg made of chocolate or a hen's egg with a painted or dyed shell, eaten at Easter 复活节彩蛋./ˈiːstəlɪ; `istɚlɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语], adv  1 in or towards the east 在东面（的）; 向东面（的）: in an easterly direction 朝东的方向.  2 (of winds) blowing from the east （指风）从东方吹来（的）: an easterly wind 东风.

n wind blowing from the east 东风: strong easterlies at sea 海上的强劲东风./ˈiːstən; `istɚn/ (also Eastern) adj [attrib 作定语] of, from or living in the east part of the world or of a specified region 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的; 来自东部的; 居于东方的; 居于东部的: Eastern customs, religions, etc 东方的习俗、宗教等 * the eastern seaboard of the USA 美国东部沿海地区./ˈiːstənməʊst; `istɚnˌmost/ adj situated farthest east 位于最东的; 位于极东的: the easternmost city in Europe 欧洲最东的城市./ˈiːstwəd; `istwɚd/ adj towards the east 向东的; 向东方的: in an eastward direction 在向东的方向.

adv: to travel eastwards 向东方旅行. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.=> eastward/ˈiːzɪ; `izɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 not difficult; done or obtained without great effort 容易的; 不难的; 不费力的: an easy exam 容易的考试 * It is an easy place to reach. 那是个容易到达的地方. * The place is easy to reach. 那地方容易到达.  2 free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, trouble, etc 不再痛苦的; 舒适的; 安心的; 安逸的: lead an easy life 过安逸舒适的生活 * My mind is easier now. 现在我安心多了. Cf 参看 ease1 1.  3 [attrib 作定语] not stiff or embarrassed 不生硬的; 不死板的; 不拘束的: have easy manners 举止从容.  4 [attrib 作定语] readily exploited, cheated, etc 易上当、受骗等的: an easy victim 容易吃亏的人 * an easy prey 容易受害的人.  5 (idm 习语) as ,easy as `anything/as `pie/as AB`C/as falling off a `log/as `winking (infml 口) very easy or easily 极容易. easy game person or thing that can easily be attacked, exploited or made a victim 容易受攻击的人或事物; 容易吃亏、上当、受害的人. easy/difficult of approach => approach n. ,easy `money money obtained either dishonestly or for little work 横财; 不义之财; 来得容易的钱. ,easy on the `ear/`eye (infml 口) pleasant to listen to or look at 好听的; 好看的: This music's easy on the ear late at night. 这音乐夜晚听起来很好听. an easy/a soft touch => touch2. free and easy => free1. have an easy time (of it) experience no difficulty in doing sth 在做某事物中无困难. on easy `terms (commerce 商) (of a loan) with a low rate of interest, or (of a purchase) allowing the buyer to pay gradually over a long period （指贷款）低息的; （指购物）分期付款的. I'm `easy (infml 口 esp Brit) (replying when a choice has been offered) I have no preference （当被请求选择时, 回答）我无所谓（都一样）. take the easy way out escape from a difficult or an awkward situation by the least demanding (and possibly not the most honourable) course of action 以最省事的做法（可能并非最得体者）回避困难的或尴尬的处境. a woman of easy virtue => woman.

/ˈiːzɪ; `izɪ/ adv (-ier, -iest)  1 (as a command 用作命令语) move sth gently and slowly 小心而缓慢地移动某事物: Easy with that chair  one of its legs is loose. 搬那把椅子要小心--有一条腿松了.  2 (idm 习语) easier said than done  more difficult to do than to talk about 说比做容易: `Why don't you get yourself a job?'`That's easier said than done.' ｀你怎么不找个工作呢?＇｀说起来容易, 找起来难哪.＇ ,easy `come, ,easy `go (saying 谚) sth, esp money, obtained without difficulty is quickly lost or spent 来得容易, 去得快（尤指钱财）: I often win money at cards but never save a penny  `easy come, easy go' is my motto. 我玩纸牌经常赢, 可一分钱也存不住--我的俗话是｀来得容易, 去得快＇. `easy/`gently ,does it (infml 口) this job, etc should be done slowly and carefully 要慢些、小心些做这事等: Take your time; easy does it. 别着急, 慢慢来. ,go `easy (infml 口) work less hard 省点劲儿; 别那么卖力: You should go easy, you're getting tired. 你要省点劲儿, 会累坏的. go easy on/with sb/sth (infml 口) be careful, gentle or moderate with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]谨慎、从容或有节制: Go easy on the milk; we all want some. 牛奶要匀着享用, 我们都想要一些. * You should go easy on (ie be less strict with) that boy; he's only young. 你应该对那个孩子宽容些, 他还小呢. ,stand `easy (as a military command 用作军事口令) stand with more freedom of movement than when at ease (ease1 2) 稍息（比at ease更随便些）. take it/things `easy relax; not work too hard or do too much 放松; 不过分努力; 不做过多: I like to take things easy when I'm on holiday. 我在假日愿意轻松一些.large comfortable armchair 安乐椅.adj (of people) relaxed in manner; placid and tolerant （指人）随便的; 温和宽容的: My mother doesn't mind who comes to stay, she's very easygoing. 我母亲不在乎有什么人来住, 她非常随和./iːt; it/ v (pt ate/ et; ?@ eIt; et/, pp eaten/ 5i:tn; `itn/)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (up)/~ sth (up) take (solid food or soup) into the mouth and swallow it for nourishment 吃; 喝（汤）: He was too ill to eat. 他病重得不能吃东西了. * eat up (ie finish eating) now 现在吃完 * Eat (up) your dinner. 你把饭吃（完）了. * Lions eat meat, ie Meat is their diet. 狮子吃肉.  2 [I] have a meal 吃饭: Where shall we eat tonight? 咱们今天晚上在哪儿吃饭?  3 (idm 习语) dog eat dog => dog1. ,eat sb a`live/,eat sb for `breakfast (infml 口) be able to dominate or exploit sb 能支配或剥削某人; 摆布; 宰割: She'll eat him for breakfast. 她将来能降住他. eat one's `heart out (for sb/sth) endure envy, longing, frustration, etc in silence 默默地强忍妒忌、渴求、挫折等: Since he left, she's been sitting at home eating her heart out. 他走了以後, 她一直坐在家里, 心如刀割. ,eat humble `pie be very apologetic 赔罪; 赔礼; 道歉: When he realized his mistake, he had to eat humble pie. 他认识到了自己的错误, 只好赔礼道歉. ,eat like a `horse (infml 口) eat a lot 吃得很多. eat out of sb's `hand be submissive and compliant towards sb 听命于某人: She soon had the class eating out of her hand. 她不久就把全班管得服服贴贴了. eat sb out of ,house and `home (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) (of people) eat a lot of food which sb else has paid for （指人）把某人吃穷: I hope your brother won't stay much longer, he's eating us out of house and home! 我希望你弟弟可别住太久了, 他要把咱们给吃穷了! eat oneself `sick (on sth) (infml 口) eat so much (of sth) that one feels or is sick 吃（某物）太多而不适或生病: The children would eat themselves sick on chocolate if I let them. 我要是让孩子由着性儿吃巧克力, 他们会吃出病来. ,eat one's `words admit that what one said was wrong 承认自己说错话. have one's cake and eat it => cake. I'll ,eat my `hat (infml 口) (expression used by sb who believes that sth is so unlikely to happen that even to suggest it is absurd 某人认为发生某事物的可能性迹近荒谬时的用语): Rob's always late  if he gets here on time I'll eat my hat. 罗布总迟到--他要准时到这儿, 我把脑袋给你. the proof of the pudding is in the eating => proof1.  4 (phr v) eat sth away/eat away at sth erode 腐蚀; 侵蚀: The river is eating away at the bank. 河水侵蚀着两岸. eat into sth (a) consume sth; destroy; dissolve; corrode 消耗某事物; 毁坏; 分解; 腐蚀: Acids eat into metal. 酸能腐蚀金属. (b) (fig 比喻) consume a part of sth 消耗某事物的一部分: Paying for that new carpet has eaten into my savings. 付新地毯的款用去了我的一部分储蓄. eat out have a meal in a restaurant, etc rather than at home 在饭馆等处吃饭（不在家中吃）: I'm too tired to cook tonight; shall we eat out? 我今晚累得不想做饭了, 咱们下饭馆好吗? eat sb up (fig 比喻) (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) consume; obsess; worry 操心; 烦扰; 担忧: be eaten up with curiosity, anger, envy, etc 受好奇心、愤怒、妒忌等煎熬 * Jealousy was eating him up. 嫉妒心在折磨着他.adj fit to be eaten; good to eat 可吃的; 好吃的: Our school meals are hardly eatable. 我们学校的饭菜简直没法吃. Cf 参看 edible.  n (usu pl 通常作复数); (infml 口) food 食物: Have you brought the eatables? 你带吃的来了吗?n  1 person who eats (in a particular way) （以某种方式）吃东西的人: He's a big, greedy, etc eater, ie He eats a lot, eats greedily, etc. 他很能吃、很贪嘴等.  2 = eating apple.type of apple that is suitable for eating uncooked 适宜生吃的苹果（不用于烹饪者）. Cf 参看 cooker 2.n restaurant 饭馆; 饭店; 食堂.n [pl] (infml 口) food ready to be eaten 现成的食物: There were plenty of eats, but not enough to drink. 有很多吃的, 可是没什么喝的./ˌəʊ də kəˈləʊn; ˌodəkə`lon/ n (also cologne) [U] perfume made originally at Cologne 科隆香水./iːvz; ivz/ n [pl] overhanging lower edges of a roof 屋檐: birds nesting under the eaves 在屋檐下筑巢的鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii./ˈiːvzdrɒp; `ivzˌdrɑp/ v [I, Ipr] (-pp-) ~ (on sb/sth) listen secretly to a private conversation 偷听（私人谈话）: eavesdropping on the discussion, her parents偷听讨论、偷听她父母谈话. n./eb; ɛb/ v [I, Ip] ~ (away)  1 (of the tide) go out; recede （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮. Cf 参看 flow 5.  2 (fig 比喻) grow less; become slowly weak or faint 减少; 衰落; 衰退: Daylight was ebbing away. 白昼在逐渐消失. * Our enthusiasm soon began to ebb. 我们的热情不久就凉下来了.

n [sing]  1 (usu 通常作 the ebb) (of a tide) the flowing out （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮: The tide is on the ebb, ie is going out. 正在退潮. Cf 参看 flood2 3.  2 (idm 习语) at a low ebb => low1. the ebb and flow (of sth) (of noise, fashions, etc) regular increase and decrease in intensity; constant fluctuation （指声音、流行式样等）消长, 兴衰; 不断长落, 起伏: the ebb and flow of conversation 谈话声此起彼伏. on the `ebb diminishing; declining 正在减弱; 正在衰退; 正在衰落: My luck is on the ebb. 我的运气每况愈下./ˌeb ˈtaɪd; `ɛb ˌtaɪd/ = ebb n 1./ˈebənɪ; `ɛbənɪ/ n [U] hard black wood of a tropical tree 乌木; 黑檀.

adj  1 made of ebony 乌木做的: the ebony keys on a piano 钢琴上的乌木琴键.  2 black 黑色的: ebony skin 黝黑的皮肤./-əns; -əns/ n [U] state of being ebullient; exuberance 精力充沛; 洋溢; 奔放: She burst into the room with her usual ebullience, and immediately started talking to everyone. 她像往常一样兴高采烈地冲进了房间, 立刻跟大家攀谈起来./ɪˈbʌlɪənt, also ɪˈbʊlɪənt; ɪ`bʌljənt/ adj full of energy and excitement; exuberant 精力充沛的; 洋溢的; 奔放的.adv./iːˈsiː; ˌi`si/ abbr 缩写 = East Central 东部中央: London EC1 4PW, ie as a postal code 伦敦EC1 4PW（邮政编码）./ɪkˈsentrɪk; ɪk`sɛntrɪk/ adj  1 (of people, behaviour) unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal （指人、举止）异常的; 古怪的; 不合常规的; 不正常的: his eccentric habits 他那古怪的习惯 * an eccentric old lady 一位古怪的老太太.  2 (a) (of circles) not having the same centre （指圆形）没有共同圆心的. Cf 参看 concentric. (b) (of orbits) not circular （指轨道）不正圆的. (c) (of planets, etc) moving in an eccentric orbit （指行星等）在不正圆的轨道上运行的.

n  1 eccentric person 古怪的人: The club seemed to be full of eccentrics. 这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人.  2 mechanical device consisting of a disc at the end of a shaft for changing circular movement into backward-and-forward movement 偏心器; 偏心轮./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌeksenˈtrɪsətɪ; ˌɛksɛn`trɪsətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being eccentric; strangeness of behaviour, etc 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻等: eccentricity of style, clothing, manners, ideas 古怪的样式、服装、举止、想法.  2 [C] instance of this; strange or unusual act or habit 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻: One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of on it. 他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上./ɪˌkliːzɪˈæstɪk; ɪˌklizɪ`æstɪk/ n clergyman (in the Christian Church) （基督教会的）传教士, 牧师./-kl; -kl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of clergymen 传教士的; 牧师的. (b) of the Christian Church 基督教会的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌiː siː ˈdʒiː; ˌi si `dʒi/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electrocardiogram: have an ECG test 作心电图检查./ˈeʃəlɒn; `ɛʃəˌlɑn/ n  1 level of authority or responsibility; rank in an organization 职权的等级; 级别: the upper echelons of the Civil Service 政府部门的高层.  2 step-like formation of troops, aircraft, ships, etc 梯形编队: aircraft flying in echelon, ie in a line stretching backwards to the left or right 成梯队飞行的飞机./ˈekəʊ; `ɛko/ n (pl ~es)  1 (a) reflection and repetition of a sound, eg from a wall or inside an enclosed space 回声; 回音: This cave has a good echo. 这个洞的回声很大. (b) sound repeated in this way 反覆的回声: If you shout loudly, you'll hear the echo. 如果大声喊, 就能听到回声.  2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that imitates another 模仿的人或事物: He has no original opinions; he's just his father's echo. 他没有主见, 只是随声附和他父亲的意见. * There are many echoes of Shakespeare in his work. 他的作品中有很多处模仿莎士比亚.  3 (idm 习语) to the `echo (dated 旧) long and loudly 长时间而大声地: Her performance was cheered to the echo. 她的表演获得长时间的喝采.

/ˈekəʊ; `ɛko/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (back) (of places) send back (an echo) （指地方）传回（回声）: The valley echoed (back) his song. 山谷中传回他唱歌的回声. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) (of people, places, etc) repeat (sth); imitate; recall （指人、地方等）重复（某事物）; 模仿; 回忆: They echoed their leader's every word. 他们重复领袖的每一句话.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/with sth) (of places) repeat a sound （指地方）产生回声, 发出回声: The hills echoed to the sound of their laughter. 他们的笑声在山中产生回声.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of sounds) be repeated as an echo （指声音）回响, 引起回声: His footsteps echoed (in the empty hall). 他的脚步声（在空荡荡的大堂里）产生了回声. * Their shouts echoed through the forest. 他们的叫喊声在林中回荡.n instrument used for determining the depth of sth underneath a ship by measuring the time taken for sound waves to be echoed back from it 回声探测器./ɪˈkleə(r), eɪˈkleə(r); ɪ`klɛr, e`klɛr/ n (also chocolate eclair) small finger-shaped pastry cake, filled with cream and iced with chocolate 巧克力棒糕（一种奶油馅巧克力糖衣的手指形小点心）./ˈeɪklɑː; <i>US</i> eɪˈklɑː; e`klɑ/ n [U]  1 brilliance; conspicuous success 辉煌的成就; 显赫的功绩: to perform with eclat 大为成功地表演.  2 praise; applause 喝采; 鼓掌: Her latest novel was received with great eclat. 她最新的小说备受赞赏./ɪˈklektɪk; ɪk`lɛktɪk/ adj (fml 文) (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range （指人、信仰等）不局限于一种思想的, 兼收并蓄的, 折衷的: He has an eclectic taste in music. 他爱好各种音乐.

n person who works, thinks, etc in an eclectic way （工作、思想等）兼容并包的人./-tɪklɪ; -tɪklɪ/ adv./ɪˈklektɪsɪzəm; ɪk`lɛktɪˌsɪzəm/ n [U]./ɪˈklɪps; ɪ`klɪps/ n [C]  1 blocking of the light of the sun (when the moon is between it and the earth) or of the moon (when the earth's shadow falls on it) 日蚀; 月蚀: a total/partial eclipse of the sun 日全[偏]蚀.  2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) loss of brilliance, fame, power, etc 光辉、声誉、权势等的丧失: After suffering an eclipse, she is now famous again. 她沉默一时期以後, 现在又名声大噪了. * The writer's name remained in eclipse for many years after his death. 这位作者死後很多年, 名字一直湮没无闻.

v [Tn]  1 (of the moon, the sun, a planet, etc) cause an eclipse of (sth); cut off the light from （指月、日、行星等）形成（某种）蚀; 使...的光消失: The sun is partly eclipsed (by the moon). 太阳（被月球）遮住一部分（日偏蚀）.  2 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) appear dull by comparison; outshine 使（某人[某事物]）相形见绌; 使黯然失色: He is eclipsed by his wife, who is much cleverer and more amusing than he is. 他妻子比他聪明而有风趣, 显得他黯然失色.comb form 构词成分 (usu forming ns 通常用以构成名词) ecological or of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: ecosystem * ecotype./ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌikə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: the dangerous ecological effects of industry, eg the pollution of the atmosphere, of rivers, etc 工业对生态的危害（如空气、河流等的污染等）. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./iːˈkɒlədʒɪst; i`kɑlədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in ecology 生态学研究者; 生态学家./iːˈkɒlədʒɪ; i`kɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] (scientific study of) the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their surroundings 生态; 生态学: Chemicals in the factory's sewage system have changed the ecology of the whole area. 这座工厂排出的化学物质改变了整个地区的生态.abbr 缩写 = Economics: James Rigg MSc (ie Master of Science)(Econ) 詹姆斯·里格, 理学硕士（经济学）./ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk, ˌekəˈnɒmɪk; ˌikə`nɑmɪk, ˌɛkə`-nɑmɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of economics(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的: the government's economic policy 政府的经济政策 * economic development 经济发展 * economic sanctions, ie punishment of another country by reducing or stopping trade with it 经济制裁.  2 [attrib 作定语] connected with trade and industry 与贸易和工业有关的: economic geography, ie studied mainly in connection with industry 经济地理.  3 designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的: an economic rent, ie one that brings the owner at least as much money as he has spent on the house 有利可图的租金（给业主带来至少相当其花费于该房产的钱者） * It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱./ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl, ˌekəˈnɒmɪkl; ˌikə`nɑmɪkl,ˌɛkə`nɑmɪkl/ adj careful in the spending of money, time, etc and in the use of resources; not wasteful 经济的; 节俭的; 省时间的; 节约的: an economical car to run, eg one with low petrol consumption 节油汽车 * She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. 她烹饪时用盐很省. * an economical style of writing, ie one that does not waste words 简练的写作风格（不多费笔墨者）. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: His scheme is not economically sound. 他的计划在经济上欠妥./ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks, ˌekəˈnɒmɪks; ˌikə`nɑmɪks,ˌɛkə`nɑmɪks/ n [sing v]  1 science or principles of the production, distribution and consumption of goods esp with reference to cost 经济学; 经济原则: the economics of publishing 出版的经济原则.  2 condition of a country as regards its wealth 国家的经济状况: third world economics 第三世界的经济状况.=> economize/ɪˈkɒnəmɪst; ɪ`kɑnəmɪst/ n student of or expert in economics 经济学研究者; 经济学家./ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz; ɪ`kɑnəˌmaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) save (money, time, resources, etc); spend less than before; be economical 节省（金钱、时间、资源等）; 紧缩开支; 节俭; 节约: Our electricity bills are higher than we can afford  we must start to economize. 我们的电费已经高得付不起了--得节省些了. * economize on petrol 节省汽油./ɪˈkɒnəmɪ; ɪ`kɑnəmɪ/ n  1 [C, U] (instance of) avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc) （金钱、力气、时间、资源等的）节省, 节约: practise economy 实行节约 * It's an economy to buy good shoes; they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. 购买质量高的鞋很经济; 虽花钱多, 但比廉价鞋耐穿得多. * [attrib 作定语] We're having an economy drive (ie making a special effort to avoid waste or misuse of resources, etc) at school. 我们学校正开展节约运动（尽 量避免浪费或滥用资源）. * an economy pack, ie a large amount of a product offered for sale at a reduced price 经济装（减价发售的大包装货品） * economy class, ie the cheapest class of (air) travel 经济舱（最低廉的客机舱位）.  2 [U] control and management of money, resources, etc of a community, society, household, etc 理财: political economy 政治经济学 * domestic economy 国内经济.  3 [C] (often 常作 the economy) operation and management of a country's money supply, trade and industry; economic system （国家的）经济管理; 经济制度: The state of the economy is very worrying. 目前的经济状况令人十分担忧. * The economies of Japan and China 日本和中国的经济制度./ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm; `ikoˌsɪstəm/ n ecological unit consisting of a group of plants and living creatures interacting with each other and with their surroundings 生态系统./ˈekstəsɪ; `ɛkstəsɪ/ n [U, C] (feeling or state of) great joy or happiness 狂喜: in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂 * religious ecstasy 宗教的极乐境界 * be in/go into/be thrown into ecstasy/ecstasies (over sth) （对某事物）心醉神迷./ɪkˈstætɪk; ɪk`stætɪk/ adj causing or showing ecstasy 使人狂喜的; 欣喜若狂的: He was ecstatic at the news of his daughter's birth. 他获悉女儿出生不禁欣喜若狂. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌiː siː ˈtiː; ˌi si `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroconvulsive therapy (used eg on psychiatric patients) 电惊厥疗法, 电痉挛疗法（如施用于精神病人者）./ˈektəplæzəm; `ɛktəˌplæzəm/ n [U] substance that is thought by some to flow from a spiritualistic medium during a trance 灵媒体外质（据信为灵媒体在恍惚状态中发出的物质）.abbr 缩写 = European Currency Unit (of the Common Market) （欧洲共同市场的）欧洲通货单位./ˌiːkjuːˈmenɪkl, ˌekjuː-; ˌɛkjᴜ`mɛnɪkl/ adj  1 of or representing the whole Christian world or universal Church 全基督教的; 普世教会的; 大公的: an Ecumenical Council, eg of all the Roman Catholic Church as summoned by the Pope 大公会议（如由教皇召集的全体罗马天主教会议）.  2 seeking the unity of the various Christian churches throughout the world 促进全世界基督教会联合的: the ecumenical movement 普世教会运动./-kəlɪzəm; -kəˌlɪzəm/ (also ecumenism / I5kju:mEnIzEm; `ZkjJmE9nIzEm/) n [U] belief in, or efforts towards, universal Christian unity 普世教会主义; 普世教会运动./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈeksɪmə; <i>US</i> ɪgˈziːmə; ɪˇ`zimə/ n [U] skin disease causing redness, severe itching and scaling of the skin 湿疹.abbr 缩写 =  1 edited (by); edition; editor.  2 educated: Peter Jeffries, b 1932, ed Tonbridge Sch彼得·杰弗里斯, 生于1932年, 曾就读于汤布里奇学校./ˈiːdæm; <i>US</i> also ˈiːdəm; `idæm, `idəm/ n [U, C] hard round Dutch cheese, usu yellow with a red rind 埃丹乾酪（荷兰圆形硬乾酪, 通常为黄色, 包有红色外皮）./ˈedɪ; `ɛdɪ/ n circular or spiral movement of water, air, fog, dust, etc （水、空气、雾、尘埃等的）旋涡; 涡流: Eddies of mist rose from the valley. 山谷中薄雾袅袅. * Eddies of dust swirled in the road. 路上尘埃滚滚.

v (pt, pp eddied) [I, Ip] move in or like an eddy; whirl 呈旋涡状运动; 旋转: (fig 比喻) groups of tourists eddying continually about the main square of the city 在该城主要广场上川流不息的成群旅客./ˈeɪdlvaɪs; `edlˌvaɪs/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small Alpine plant with white flowers 火绒草（生长于阿尔卑斯高山地带, 开白花）./ˈiːdn; `idn/ n (also the ,garden of `Eden) (Bible 圣经) beautiful garden where Adam and Eve lived in great happiness before they disobeyed God 伊甸园（亚当与夏娃背叛上帝前所居住的美丽乐园）: (fig 比喻) Life is no garden of Eden (ie is unpleasant) at the moment. 现时的生活并非世外桃源./edʒ; ɛdʒ/ n  1 sharp cutting part of a blade, knife, sword, or some other tool or weapon （刀片、刀、剑或其他工具或武器的）锋利部分; 刀口; 锋: a knife with a sharp edge 锋利的刀 * put an edge on an axe, ie sharpen it 给斧子开刃（磨快）.  2 (line marking the) outside limit or boundary of a solid (flat) object, surface or area （扁的固体、物体表面或一范围的）外围界线, 边缘: the edge of a coin, plate, record 硬币、盘、唱片的边 * He fell off the edge of the cliff. 他从悬崖边上　了下来. * Don't put that glass on the edge of the table; it might fall off. 不要把那杯子放在桌边, 可能掉下来. * the water's edge 水边 * He lives at the edge of the forest. 他住在森林边上.  3 (idm 习语) give sb/get the (rough) edge of one's/sb's tongue (infml 口) speak to sb/be spoken to by sb angrily, rudely, critically, etc 痛骂某人[被某人责骂]: Her pupils often got the rough edge of her tongue when they disobeyed her. 学生不听她的话时, 常遭到她粗暴的申斥. have, etc an `edge to one's voice have or show a degree of anger, nervousness, annoyance, etc in the way in which one speaks 言语中流露出愤怒、不安、厌烦等情绪: She was trying to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 她竭力想保持冷静, 但她的声音中却显然带着怒气. have, etc an/the edgeon/over sb/sth (infml 口) have, etc a slight advantage over sb/sth 略胜过某人[某事物]: The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his older opponent. 这个年轻的网球运动员显然比那个年纪大的对手略胜一筹. (be) on `edge (be) nervous, excited or irritable 紧张不安的; 兴奋的; 易怒的; 烦躁的: She was a bit on edge till she heard he was safe. 她听到他安然无恙才放下心来. on a razor's edge => razor. set one's teeth on edge => tooth. take the edge off sth reduce, dull or soften sth 减少、减轻或软化某物: I need a sandwich to take the edge off my appetite. 我需要一份三明治以解腹中之饥. * His brother's failure took the edge off his own success. 他哥哥的失败冲淡了他自己成功的喜悦./ˈedʒweɪz; `ɛdʒˌwez/ (also edgewise / 5edVwaIz; `ZdV9waIz/) adv  1 with the edge outwards or forwards; sideways 边缘向外或向前; 侧着; 斜着: If you turn it edgeways you'll get the desk through the door. 你把书桌斜过来就能通过这道门.  2 (idm 习语) (not) get a word in edgeways => word.adv. n [U]./ˈedʒɪŋ; `ɛdʒɪŋ/ n [U, C] thing that forms the border or edge of sth 边缘; 边饰: a/some lace edging on a dress 连衣裙上的花边边饰.n tool for trimming grass on the edges of a lawn 修剪草坪边缘的工具; 修边剪刀./ˈedʒɪ; `ɛdʒɪ/ adj (infml 口) nervous; easily upset or annoyed 紧张的; 易怒的; 暴躁的: She's been very edgy recently, waiting for the examination results. 她最近一直心绪不宁, 等待着考试的结果. * She's always been an edgy type of person. 她一向就是那种情绪紧张的人. /ˈedɪbl; `ɛdəbl/ adj fit to be eaten 适宜食用的; 可以吃的: This food is scarcely edible. 这种食物算不上能吃. * edible (ie not poisonous) wild berries 可食用的野莓（无毒的）. Cf 参看 eatable (eat)./ˈiːdɪkt; `idɪkt/ n order or proclamation issued by an authority 法令; 敕令; 公告: by edict of the king 根据国王的敕令 * obey the edicts of parliament 服从议会通过的法令./ˌedɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌɛdəfə`keʃən/ n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) improvement of mind or character 开导; 启发; 陶冶; 薰陶: I am telling you this simply for your edification. 我只是为了开导你才告诉你这件事的./ˈedɪfɪs; `ɛdəfɪs/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) large or imposing building 高大的或宏伟的建筑物: the ruined edifice on the hill 山上毁坏了的大厦 * (fig 比喻) He had high ideals in his youth but gradually the whole edifice crumbled. 他年轻时曾有过崇高的理想, 但渐渐地他的全部希望都破灭了./ˈedɪfaɪ; `ɛdəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) improve the mind or character of (sb) 开导或启发（某人）.adj morally or intellectually improving （在道德或智力方面）开导的, 启发的: edifying books 陶冶情操的书籍 * Travel is an edifying experience, especially for young people. 旅游可以使人增广见闻, 年轻人更应该多参加旅游活动./ˈedɪt; `ɛdɪt/ v [Tn]  1 prepare (a piece of writing, often another person's) for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine 编辑: edit a Shakespeare play for use in schools 编辑一部莎士比亚剧本供学校使用 * edit a book of poetry 编辑一本诗集.  2 be responsible for planning, directing and publishing (a newspaper, magazine, etc) 主编（报纸、杂志等）.  3 prepare (a film, tape recording, radio or television programme, book, etc) by putting together collected parts in a suitable sequence 剪辑（电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等）.  4 arrange (data) for processing by a computer （用计算机）编辑（数据）.  5 (phr v) edit sth out (of sth) remove (unwanted words, phrases, etc from a book, script, etc) in the process of editing 在编辑过程中删除（书、手稿等中的不必要的词语等）: They must have edited bits of the interview out. 他们一定是把这次采访的一部分删掉了./ɪˈdɪʃn; ɪ`dɪʃən/ n  1 (a) form in which a book is published 版本: a paperback, hard-cover, de luxe, etc edition 平装本, 硬皮本, 精装本等. (b) form in which a radio or television programme is broadcast 无线电或电视节目的广播形式.  2 total number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc issued at one time （书报等）一次发行的总数: a first edition 初版 * a revised edition 修订版 * in its sixth edition 出至第六版 * the morning/ evening/ lunch-time edition of a newspaper 报纸的早晨版[晚间版/中午版]. Cf 参看 impression 6, reprint n./ˈedɪtə(r); `ɛdɪtɚ/ n person who edits (esp abook, newspaper, magazine, radio or television programme) or who is in charge of part of a newspaper 编辑; 编者: the `sports, financial, `fashion editor 体育、金融、时装栏编辑. /ˌedɪˈtɔːrɪəl; ˌɛdə`tɔrɪəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of an editor 编辑的: the editorial office 编辑部 * editorial work 编辑工作.

n special article in a newspaper, etc, giving an opinion on some topical issue (usu written by the editor) 社论; 社评.n [U]./ˌiː diː ˈpiː; ˌi di `pi/ abbr 缩写 = electronic data processing 电子数据处理./ˌiː diː ˈtiː; ˌi di `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Eastern Daylight Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EST 1./ˈedʒʊkeɪt; `ɛdʒᴜˌket/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (in sth) train the mind and character of sb; teach sb; provide sb with an education 训练某人的思想和性格; 教某人; 教育某人: The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively. 公众应受到合理地利用能源的教育. * Parents should educate their children to behave well. 父母应当教育子女守规矩. * Where were you educated? ie Which school(s), etc did you go to? 你在哪（些）所学校学习过? =>Usage at teach用法见teach./ˈedʒʊkeɪtɪd; `ɛdʒᴜˌketɪd/ adj  1 having been educated 受过教育的; 受过训练的: a highly educated woman 有高度教养的妇女 * self-educated 自修的 * educated tastes in art 在艺术方面有修养的鉴赏力.  2 (idm 习语) an ,educated `guess guess based on experience (and therefore probably correct) 根据经验做出的猜测（因此可能是正确的）./ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃn; ˌɛdʒᴜ`keʃən/ n [U]  1 (system of) training and instruction (esp of children and young people in schools, colleges, etc) designed to give knowledge and develop skills 教育; 教育体制: A child receives its early education at home. 幼儿在家接受早期教育. * primary/secondary/tertiary/adult education 初等[中等/高等/成人]教育 * No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people. 任何国家都不能疏忽对年轻人的教育.  2 knowledge, abilities and the development of character and mental powers that result from such training （接受教育而获得的）知识, 能力, 修养, 智力: intellectual, moral, physical, etc education 智育、德育、体育等.  3 field of study dealing with how to teach 教育学: a college of education 教育学院 * a lecturer in education 教育学讲师./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj of, about or providing education 教育的; 与教育有关的; 有教育意义的: an educational magazine 教育杂志 * I found the experience most educational. 我认为这一经历极有教益. /-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənəlɪ/ adv./ˌedʒʊˈkeɪʃənɪst; ˌɛdʒᴜ`keʃənɪst/ (also educationalist / 9edVU5keIFEnElIst; 9ZdVJ`keFEnlIst/) n specialist in education 教育家.n person who educates (esp professionally) 教育工作者; 教育家; 训练者./ˌiː iː ˈsiː; ˌi i `si/ abbr 缩写 = European Economic Community (the Common Market) 欧洲经济共同体（共同市场）: join the EEC 加入欧洲经济共同体 * EEC members 欧洲经济共同体成员./ˌiː iː ˈdʒiː; ˌi i `dʒi/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroen-cephalogram: give sb an EEG 给某人做脑电图./iːl; il/ n long snake-like fish that is difficult to catch hold of 鳗; 鳗鲡; 白鳝: jellied eels, ie cooked and eaten cold in a savoury jelly 鳗鱼冻./ˈɪərɪ; `ɪrɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) causing a feeling of mystery and fear 引起神秘和恐怖感觉的; 可怕的; 怪异的: an eerie scream 恐怖的尖叫 * an eerie silence 可怕的沉寂. /ˈɪərəlɪ; `ɪrɪlɪ/ adv. /ˈɪərɪnɪs; `ɪrɪnɪs/ n [U]./ef; ɛf/ v (<!> euph 讳, 婉) (phr v) eff off go away; fuck off 走开; 滚开: I told him to eff off. 我叫他滚蛋. /ɪˈfeɪs; ɪ`fes/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 rub or wipe (sth) out; cause to fade 擦去, 抹掉（某事物）; 使淡薄; 使逐渐消失: Time and weather had long ago effaced the inscription on the monument. 岁月和风雨早已磨掉纪念碑上的铭文. * Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories. 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆.  2 ~ oneself keep in the background in order to escape being noticed; make oneself appear unimportant 使自己不被人注意; 使自己显得无足轻重. n [U]./ɪˈfekt; ɪ`fɛkt/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) change produced by an action or cause; result or outcome 效应; 结果; 後果: the effects of heat on metal 热对金属产生的效应 * Did the medicine have any effect/a good effect? 这药有什么疗效[疗效好]吗? * The film had quite an effect on her. 这影片对她影响极大. * I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect. 我尽力劝他, 他根本不听.  2 [C, U] impression produced on the mind of the spectator, listener, reader, etc (esp in plays, films, broadcasts, paintings, etc) （观众、听众、读者等）头脑 中所产生的印象（尤指在戏剧、电影、广播、绘画等方面）: The general effect of the painting is overwhelming. 这幅画给人总的印象是很有气势. * The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. 舞台灯光产生月夜景色的效果. * She only dresses like that for the effect it creates/for effect. 她仅仅为了装样子才那样打扮. * The science fiction film had some marvellous special effects. 这部科幻电影有些特殊效果美妙绝伦.  3 effects [pl] (fml or law 文或律) personal property; possessions 个人财产; 财物: personal effects 个人财产 * household effects 家庭财物.  4 (idm 习语) bring/put sth into ef`fect cause sth to come into use 使某物开始使用: The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用. come into ef`fect (esp of laws, rules, etc ) reach the stage of being in use （尤指法律、规则等）实行, 实施: The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全带规则上周开始实施. give effect to sth (fml 文) cause sth to become active or produce a result 使某事物实行起来; 使生效: The new ruling gives effect to the recommendations of the special committee. 这一新裁定使特别委员会的推荐生效. in ef`fect (a) for practical purposes; in fact 实际上; 事实上: The two systems are, in effect, identical. 这两种制度实际上一模一样. (b) (of a rule, law, etc) in use （指规则、法律等）有效: Some ancient laws are still in effect. 有些古时的法律现在仍然有效. of/to no ef`fect not having the result intended or hoped for 没有预期的或希望的结果; 无效: My warning was of no effect. 我的警告无济于事. * We warned them, but to no effect. 我们警告过他们, 但完全没用. strain after effects/an effect => strain1. take ef`fect (a) produce the result intended or required 产生预期的或要求的结果; 生效: The aspirins soon took effect. 服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了. (b) come into force or use; become active 实施; 实行; 起作用: The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起实行. to good, etc ef`fect producing a good, etc result or impression 产生好的等结果或印象: The room shows off her paintings to good effect. 这个房间把她绘画的优点充分显示出来. to this/that ef`fect with this/that meaning or information 有这样[那样]的意思或内容: He told me to get out, or words to that effect. 他说了一句叫我走开之类的话. to the effect that... with the meaning, or giving the information, that... 大意为...: He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning. 他留下一张字条, 大意是说他不回来了.

v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sth) about; cause to occur 使（某事物）产生; 使发生; 引起: effect a cure, a change, a sale 产生疗效、引起变化、实行大减价. =>Usage at affect1 用法见affect1./ɪˈfektɪv; ɪ`fɛktɪv/ adj  1 (a) having an effect; producing the intended result 有效的; 产生预期结果的: effective measures to reduce unemployment 减少失业的有效措施 * The law is no longer effective. 该法令已失效. (b) making a striking impression 产生深刻印象的: a very effective colour scheme 非常醒目的色调 * an effective speech 精彩的演说.  2 [attrib 作定语] (a) actual or existing 实际的; 实在的; 现有的: the effective membership of a society 现有的全体会员. (b) fit for service or work 适于承担任务或工作的: the effective strength of the army 军队的战斗力.adv  1 in an effective way 有效地.  2 for practical purposes; in effect 事实上; 实际上: This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing on time. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能准时完成.n [U]./ɪˈfektʃʊəl; ɪ`fɛktʃᴜəl/ adj (fml 文) (not used of people) producing the intended result （不用于指人）产生预期结果的, 有效的: take effectual action, measures, steps, etc 采取有效行动、措施、步骤等. /-əlɪ; -əlɪ/ adv./ɪˈfemɪnəsɪ; ɪ`fɛmənəsɪ/ n [U]. /ɪˈfemɪnət; ɪ`fɛmənɪt/ adj (derog 贬) (of a man or his behaviour) like a woman; unmanly （指男人或其行为）像女人的; 没男子气的: an effeminate manner, voice, walk 像女人的举止、声音、走路姿态./-lɪ; -lɪ/ adv./ˌefəˈves; ˌɛfɚ`vɛs/ v  1 [I] (of a liquid) release bubbles of gas; fizz （指液体）释放出气泡, 嘶嘶起泡.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) (of people) be happy, lively and excited （指人）愉快、活跃而兴奋./ˌefəˈvesns; ˌɛfɚ`vɛsns/ n [U]. /-snt; -snt/ adj./ɪˈfiːt; ɪ`fit/ adj (a) weak, having lost power衰弱的; 丧失权力的: an effete civilization, empire, government, etc 衰落的文明、没落的帝国、软弱的政府. (b) lacking vitality and strength; feeble 缺乏活力和力量的; 虚弱的: an effete young man 无精打彩的年轻人. n [U]./ˌefɪˈkeɪʃəs; ˌɛfə`keʃəs/ adj (fml 文) (not of people) producing the desired result; effective （不用以指人）有效的: an efficacious treatment, medicine, etc 有效的治疗、药品等.adv./ˈefɪkəsɪ; `ɛfəkəsɪ/ n [U] state or quality of being efficacious 有效性; 效能; 功效: test the efficacy of a new drug 测试新药的效能./ɪˈfɪʃnsɪ; ɪ`fɪʃənsɪ/ n [U] state or quality of being efficient 能力; 效力; 效能./ɪˈfɪʃnt; ɪ`fɪʃənt/ adj  1 (of people) able to work well; capable （指人）能胜任的; 有能力的: an efficient secretary, teacher, administrator, etc 能干的秘书、教师、行政人员等 * He's efficient at his job. 他胜任工作.  2 (esp of tools, machines, systems, etc) producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or energy （尤指工具, 机器, 系统等）有效力的: an efficient new filing system 有效的新归档系统./-lɪ; -lɪ/ adv: get industry running more efficiently 使工业经营管理效率更高./ˈefɪdʒɪ; `ɛfədʒɪ/ n  1 [C] carved figure or model representing a person or animal （人或动物的）雕像, 肖像, 模拟像: stone effigies of Buddha 石雕佛像 * On 5 November British children burn effigies of Guy Fawkes. 每逢11月5日英国儿童都焚烧盖伊·福克斯的模拟像.  2 (idm 习语) in effigy as a model 作为模拟像: burn sb in effigy, ie make a model of sb and burn it as a sign of hatred, etc 烧某人的模拟像（泄愤等）.adj: It's an effing nuisance. 真是混帐事./ˌeflɔːˈresns; ˌɛflɔ`rɛsns/ n [U] (fml esp fig 文, 尤作比喻) action or time of bursting into flower 开花; 花期: a period of great efflorescence in the arts 艺术的全盛时期. /-snt; -snt/ adj./ˈeflʊənt; `ɛflᴜənt/ n  1 [U, C] (discharge of) liquid waste matter, sewage, etc, eg from a factory into a river 废液、污水等（的排放）（如从工厂排到河流）: The effluent from the factory makes the river unsafe for swimming. 工厂放出的废水把这条河弄得不能游泳了.  2 [C] stream flowing from a larger stream or from a lake （从河或湖中流出的）支流, 小水流./ˈefət; `ɛfɚt/ n  1 [U] use of (much) strength and energy (to do sth) （做某事物使用的）力量和精力: a waste of time and effort 时间和精力的浪费 * They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头抬起来了. * He must put more effort into his work. 他必须更加努力工作.  2 [C] ~ (to do sth) energetic attempt; struggle 努力; 奋斗: His efforts were much appreciated. 大家都夸他很努力. * It was a real effort to stay awake through the film. 真要强打着精神才能看完整部电影. * I will make every effort (ie do all I can) to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达.  3 [C] result of an attempt 努力的结果: That's a good effort, ie That has been well done. 这事干得不错.adj needing no or little effort 不需努力的; 不费力的: She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力. adv. n [U]./ɪˈfrʌntərɪ; ɪ`frʌntərɪ/ n (a) [U] boldness or rudeness without shame; impertinence 厚颜无耻; 傲慢; 鲁莽; 无礼: He had the effrontery to say I was lying. 他竟敢说我撒谎. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) instance of this 厚颜无耻的行为; 傲慢鲁莽的举止: Everyone is tired of their blatant effronteries. 大家都厌恶他们粗俗./ɪˈfjuːʒn; ɪ`fjuʒən/ n  1 (fml 文) (a) [U] pouring out, esp of liquid 倾出; 流出: an effusion of blood 流血. (b) [C] quantity poured out 流出的量.  2 [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) (esp unrestrained) pouring out of thoughts and feelings in words （尤指无约束的）思想和感情的流露; 抒发感情: poetical effusions 诗情奔放 * effusions in love letters 情书中的绵绵情意./ɪˈfjuːsɪv; ɪ`fjusɪv/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) showing (too much) feeling; too emotional （过分）流露感情的; 太动感情的: Her effusive thanks embarrassed everybody. 她道谢时非常激动, 弄得大家不好意思. adv. n [U]./ˌiː ef ˈel; ˌi ɛf `ɛl/ abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Foreign Language 作为外语的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 ESL./ˈeftə; `ɛftə/ abbr 缩写 = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟: In 1972 Britain left EFTA and joined the EEC. 1972年英国脱离欧洲自由贸易联盟, 加入了欧洲经济共同体./ˌiː ˈdʒiː; ˌi `dʒi/ abbr 缩写 = for example; for instance (Latin exempli gratia) 例如（源自拉丁文exempli gratia）: popular pets, eg dogs, cats, rabbits, etc 大家喜爱的宠物, 如狗、猫、兔等. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz./ɪˌgælɪˈteərɪən; ɪˌˇælə`tɛrɪən/ n, adj (person) showing or holding a belief in equal rights, benefits and opportunities for everybody 平等主义的; 平等主义者: an egalitarian attitude to voting 对投票持平等主义的态度. /-ɪzəm; -ɪzəm/ n [U]/eˇ; ɛˇ/ n  1 [C] in female mammals the cell from which the young is formed; ovum 卵; 卵子; 卵细胞: The male sperm fertilizes the female egg. 雄性的精子使雌性的卵子受精.  2 (a) [C] oval object from which young are hatched, laid by birds, reptiles, insects, etc and usu covered by a thin hard shell （鸟类、爬行动物、昆虫等产的）卵, 蛋: The hen laid a large brown egg. 这只母鸡下了一个大红皮蛋. * The blackbird's nest contained four eggs. 黑鹂巢里有四个蛋. * ants' eggs 蚂蚁卵. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U, C] (contents of) this, esp from a hen, used as food （用作食物的）蛋; （尤指）鸡蛋: You've got some egg (ie a bit of cooked egg) on your shirt. 你衬衫上沾了些鸡蛋. * Do you want a boiled egg for breakfast? 你早饭要吃煮鸡蛋吗? * ducks' eggs 鸭蛋.  3 (idm 习语) a bad `egg/`lot (dated infml 旧, 口) person considered to be dishonest and unreliable 不忠诚和不可信任的人; 坏蛋; 坏人. a curate's egg => curate. get, have, be left with, etc `egg on/all over one's face (infml 口) appear foolish 显得愚蠢: He was left with egg all over his face when his forecast was proved wrong. 他的预言证实是错的, 他显得很尴尬. kill the goose that lays the golden egg => kill. make an omelette without breaking eggs => omelette. ,put all one's ,eggs in/into one `basket risk everything one has on the success of one plan, eg by putting all one's money into one business 孤注一掷（如将所有的钱投入一项生意上）. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach.

/eg; ɛˇ/ v (phr v) egg sb on (to do sth) urge or strongly encourage sb to do sth 怂恿或鼓励某人做某事: I didn't want to do it but Peter kept egging me `on. 我本不想做那件事, 但彼得一直怂恿我.n = egg-whisk.n small cup for holding a boiled egg 蛋杯（盛煮鸡蛋的小杯）. =>illus 见插图.n [C, U] (esp US) = aubergine.n device for measuring time when boiling eggs 煮蛋计时器.n device for beating eggs 打蛋器.n (infml derog 口, 贬) very intellectual person 很有学问的人: The eggheads at the university know nothing about business. 大学的饱学之士对做生意一窍不通.n hard thin outer part of an egg 蛋壳. eggshell `china very fine thin type of china 非常薄的细瓷器. eggshell `paint type of paint that is neither glossy nor matt 蛋壳漆（一种光泽既不亮又不暗的漆）./ˈegləntaɪn; `ɛˇlənˌtaɪn/ (also sweet-briar) n [U] type of wild rose 多花蔷薇; 野蔷薇./ˈegəʊ; <i>US</i> ˈiːgəʊ; `iˇo/ n  1 (psychology 心) individual's perception or experience of himself, esp in relation to other people or to the outside world; part of the mind that can think, feel and act 自我. Cf 参看 id, super-ego.  2 (infml 口) self-esteem 自尊; 自负: Losing the match made quite a dent in his ego. 比赛失败对他的自尊心打击极大.n (sl 俚) self-centred activity 以自我为中心的活动: (derog 贬) Her life is just one big ego-trip. 她一生都是以自我为中心./ˌegəʊˈsentrɪk; <i>US</i> ˌiːg-; ˌiˇo`sɛntrɪk/ adj considering only oneself; self-centred 只考虑自己的;以自我为中心的. /-senˈtrɪsətɪ;-sɛn`trɪsətɪ/ n [U]./ˈegəʊɪzəm; <i>US</i> ˈiːg-; `iˇoˌɪzəm/ n [U]  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) state of mind in which one is always thinking about oneself and what is best for oneself 总考虑个人和个人利益; 自私自利.  2 (philosophy 哲) theory that our actions are always caused by a wish to benefit ourselves 利己主义; 自我主义. Cf 参看 altruism./-ɪst; -ɪst/ n person who believes in or shows egoism 自私自利的人; 利己主义者; 自我主义者. /ˌegəʊˈɪstɪk; <i>US</i> ˌiːg-; ˌiˇo`ɪstɪk/, egoistical /-kl; -kEl/ adjs of an egoist 自私自利的; 利己主义者的; 自我主义者的: an egoistic act 自私自利的行为. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈegəʊtɪzəm; <i>US</i> ˈiːg-; `iˇəˌtɪzəm/ n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) practice of talking too often or too much about oneself; selfishness 自我中心; 自私自利./-tɪst; -tɪst/ n person who practises or shows egotism; selfish person 自我中心者; 自私自利者. /ɪˈgriːdʒɪəs; ɪ`ˇridʒɪəs/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (usu of sb/sth bad 通常指坏人[坏事物]) exceptional; outstanding 异乎寻常的; 突出的; 显着的: egregious incompetence, cowardice, etc 极其无能、胆怯...的表现 * an egregious fool 大傻瓜.adv./ˈiːgres; `iˇrɛs/ n  1 [U] (law 律) (right of) going out 外出; 外出权.  2 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) way out; exit 出路; 出口. Cf 参看 ingress./ˈiːgrɪt; `iˇrɪt/ n type of heron with beautiful long white tail-feathers 白鹭./eɪ; e/ interj (infml 口) (used to express surprise or doubt, to invite agreement, or to ask for sth to be repeated 用以表示惊奇或怀疑、徵求同意或请求重复某事): `That was a good film, eh?' ｀那是一部好影片, 对吗?＇ * `I want to go home!' `Eh?' `I said I want to go home!' ｀我想回家!＇｀嗯?＇｀我说我想回家!＇/ˈaɪdədaʊn; `aɪdɚdaᴜn/ n quilt for a bed filled with soft feathers or other soft material 用羽绒或其他轻软物填充的被褥. Cf 参看 duvet./eɪt; et/ pron, det 8; one more than seven  8, 八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n  1 the number 8 八.  2 crew of eight people in a rowing boat 划艇的八人一组的船员: Is the Oxford eight winning? 牛津的划艇队能赢吗?  3 (idm 习语) have had ,one over the `eight (infml 口) be slightly drunk 微醉.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eight of the thing specified 有八个...的./ˌeɪˈtiːn; e`tin/ pron, det 18; one more than seventeen  18, 十八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n the number 18 十八./ˌeɪˈtiːnθ; e`tinθ/ pron, det 18th; next after seventeenth 第18, 第十八（个）.  n one of eighteen equal parts of sth 十八分之一. For the uses of eighteen and eighteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于eighteen和eighteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./eɪtθ; etθ/ pron, det 8th; next after seventh 第8, 第八（个）.  n one of eight equal parts of sth 八分之一./ˈeɪtɪəθ; `etɪɪθ/ pron, det 80th; next after seventy-ninth 第80, 第八十（个）.  n one of eighty equal parts of sth 八十分之一./ˈeɪtsəm; `etsəm/ n  1 group of eight people 八人一组.  2 game played by eight people 八人玩的游戏.  3 (also ,eightsome `reel) lively Scottish dance for eight dancers 八人跳的轻快的苏格兰舞. For the uses of eight and eighth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于eight和eighth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./ˈeɪtɪ; `etɪ/ pron, det 80; one more than seventy-nine  80, 八十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n  1 [C] the number 80 *80;八十.  2 the eighties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 80 to 89 从80到89的数目、年数或温度.  3 (idm 习语) in one's eighties between the ages of 80 and 90 在80岁到90岁之间. For the uses of eighty and eightieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关于eighty和eightieth的用法见fifty、five和fifth词条中的示例./ˌaɪˈsteðvɒd; aɪ`stɛðvɑd/ n annual gathering in Wales where poets and musicians compete 在威尔士举行的诗人与音乐家的比赛年会./ˈaɪðə(r), ˈiːðə(r); `iðɚ/ indef det, indef pron one or the other of two （两者中的）一个. (a) (det): You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以. * Keep either one of the forms. 两张表格保留哪张都行. * There's a staircase at either end (ie both ends) of the corridor. 走廊两端都有楼梯. (b) (pron) (used with a sing v 与单数动词连用): I've bought two cakes  you can have either. 我买了两块蛋糕--你要哪块都行. * Take one of the books on the table  either of them will do. 从桌上拿一本书--两本中哪本都可以. 

indef adv 1 (used after two negative vs 用于两个否定式之後): I don't like the red shirt and I don't like the green one either, ie I dislike both the red shirt and the green one. 我不喜欢这件红衬衫, 也不喜欢这件绿衬衫. * Mary won't go and Peter won't go either. 玛丽不去, 彼得也不去. (Cf 参看...and neither will Peter. ) * He can't hear and he can hardly speak either. 他既听不见也几乎不能说话. =>Usage at also用法见also.  2 (used to emphasize a negative phrase 用于强调含否定意义的短语): I know a good Italian restaurant. It's not far from here, either. 我知道一家很好的意大利餐馆, 离这儿并不远.  3 either...or... (used to show a choice of two alternatives 用于表示在两个可能性中任择其一): either French or Spanish 或法国的或西班牙的 * I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了, 就是放在抽屉里了. * You can either write or phone to request a copy. 既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本./ɪˈdʒækjʊleɪt; ɪ`dʒækjəˌlet/ v  1 [I] eject or rapidly discharge fluid, esp semen, from the body （从体内）射出或迅速排出液体; （尤指）射精.  2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) say (sth) suddenly and briefly; exclaim 突然而简短地说（某事）; 呼喊./ɪˌdʒækjʊˈleɪʃn; ɪˌdʒækjə`leʃən/ n  1 [C, U] sudden discharge or ejection of fluid, esp semen, from the body 从体内突然排出或射出液体; （尤指）射精.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing said suddenly and briefly; exclamation 突然说出的简短的话; 呼喊: an ejaculation of surprise 突然的惊叫./ɪˈdʒekt; ɪ`dʒɛkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) force sb/sth out; expel sb/sth 强迫某人[某物]出去; 驱逐; 逐出某人[某物]: The noisy youths were ejected from the cinema. 吵闹的青年人都已从影院驱逐出去. * Cartridges are ejected from the gun after firing. 开枪後子弹壳从枪膛弹出.  2 [Tn] send (sth) out, usu violently or suddenly 喷出（某物）: lava ejected from a volcano 从火山喷出的熔岩.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be thrown quickly from an aircraft in an emergency, so that one can descend by parachute 在紧急情况下将人从飞行器中弹出（以便用降落伞降落）: As the plane fell rapidly towards the ground, the pilot had to eject. 在飞机迅速落向地面时, 驾驶员只得弹射出来./ɪˈdʒekʃn; ɪ`dʒɛkʃən/ n [U]./ɪˈdʒektə(r); ɪ`dʒɛktɚ/ n device for ejecting people or things 弹射器（弹射人或物的装置）. ejector seat (US also ejection seat) seat in an aircraft that allows the pilot to eject(3) （飞行器上的）弹射座椅./iːk; ik/ v (phr v) eke sth out (a) make a small supply of sth last longer by adding sth else to it or by using it sparingly 使小量物品用的时间长（靠节省用量或以他物弥补）: They eked out their coal by collecting firewood. 他们拣拾木柴以补充煤的不足. (b) manage to make (a living) laboriously by doing this 竭力维持（生活）: eking out a meagre existence 勉强维持贫困的生活./ɪˈlæbərət; ɪ`læbərɪt/ adj very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished 详尽而复杂的; 精心制作的: elaborate plans 详尽的计划 * an elaborate hairstyle 复杂的发型 * an elaborate five-course meal 有五道菜的一顿盛馔.

/ɪˈlæbəreɪt; ɪ`læbəˌret/  1 v [Tn] (fml 文) work (sth) out in detail 详细制定（某事物）: Please elaborate your plan. 请做出详细的计划.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) describe or explain sth in detail 详尽解释或说明某事; 阐述: You understand the situation; I needn't elaborate any further. 你了解形势, 我无须赘述. elaboration/ I9lAbE5reIFn; I9lAbE`reFEn/ n  1 [U] working sth out, or discussing sth, in detail 详细制定, 详尽讨论某事物: the further elaboration of a theory 对一理论的深入探讨.  2 [C] additional, usu unnecessary, detail 附加细节（通常为不必要的）: The elaborations of the plot made it a difficult book to read. 这本书因内容节外生枝而很难懂.adv: an elaborately decorated room 精心布置的房间.n [U] state of being elaborate 详尽; 复杂; 精心制作./eɪˈlɑːn; e`lã/ n [U] (French 法) vivacity; impetuousity; enthusiasm 活力; 冲动; 热情: performing with great elan 演出声情并茂./ˈiːlənd; `ilənd/ n large African antelope 大角斑羚（非洲大羚羊）./ɪˈlæps; ɪ`læps/ v [I] (fml 文) (of time) pass （指时间）过去, 消逝: Three years have elapsed since we last met. 我们上次相见至今已过了三年./ɪˈlæstɪk; ɪ`læstɪk/ adj  1 returning to its normal or previous size or shape after being pulled or pressed 有弹性的; 弹力的: a bra with elastic straps 有松紧带的乳罩 * Rubber is elastic. 橡皮有弹性.  2 (fig 比喻) not fixed or unalterable; adaptable; flexible 非固定的或不可改变的; 适应性强的; 灵活的: Our plans are fairly elastic. 我们的计划相当灵活.

n [U]  1 elastic cord or material, usu made with rubber thread 松紧带: The elastic in my pants has gone, ie has broken or perished. 我裤子的松紧带坏了（断了或老化了）. * [attrib 作定语] an elastic bandage 弹性松紧带.  2 (US) = rubber band (rubber).(US) = rubber band (rubber)./ɪˈlæstɪkeɪt; ɪ`læstəˌket/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] insert elastic into (a fabric or garment) 将松紧带插入（织物或衣服）: a dress with an elasticated top 上部有松紧带的连衣裙 * an elasticated belt 有松紧带的腰带./ˌelæˈstɪsətɪ; <i>US</i> ɪˌlæ-; ɪˌlæs`tɪsətɪ/ n [U] quality of being elastic 弹性; 弹力; 灵活性; 适应性./ɪˈlæstəplɑːst, -plæst; ɪ`læstəˌplæst/ n [U] (Brit propr 专利名) adhesive dressing for cuts, etc 弹性松紧带./ɪˈleɪtɪd; ɪ`letɪd/ adj ~ (at/by sth) in high spirits; very happy or proud 情绪高昂的; 兴高采烈的; 非常愉快或自豪的: an elated smile 沾沾自喜的微笑 * She was elated at/by the news. 她听到这个消息喜出望外./ɪˈleɪtɪdlɪ; ɪ`letɪdlɪ/ adv./ɪˈleɪʃn; ɪ`leʃən/ n [U] high spirits; joy 兴高采烈; 欢欣鼓舞: She was filled with elation when her daughter was born. 她女儿出生时她十分欢喜./ˈelbəʊ; `ɛlˌbo/ n  1 (outer part of the) joint where the arm bends 肘; 肘部: He sat with his elbows on the table. 他双肘支在桌上坐着. =>illus at human 见human之插图.  2 part of the sleeve of a coat, jacket, etc which covers this （衣服的）肘部: a jacket patched at the elbows 肘部打补丁的夹克.  3 sharp bend in a pipe, chimney, etc that is shaped like an elbow （形状似肘的）管子, 烟囱等的弯处; 弯管; 弯头.  4 (idm 习语) at one's `elbow very near; within reach 非常近; 可够得着. give sb/get the `elbow (infml 口) (cause sb to) be dismissed or rejected （使某人）被排斥或被拒绝: She gave me the elbow when she started going out with Roger. 她开始与罗杰外出约会, 就把我撇开了. more power to sb's elbow => power. not know one's arse from one's elbow => know. out at (the) `elbows (a) (of a garment) old and full of holes （指衣服）捉襟见肘的. (b) (of a person) in old shabby clothes; badly dressed （指人）穿破旧衣服的, 衣衫褴褛的.

v (phr v) elbow sb out of the way/aside push sb to one side with the elbows 用肘将某人推到一边: He elbowed me out of the way. 他用肘部把我挤到一边. elbow one's way into, through, etc (sth) force (one's way) in a specified direction by using one's elbows 用肘朝某一方向强行开路: He elbowed his way through the crowd. 他用肘开路, 从人群中挤出. * She elbowed her way forward. 她用肘开路向前走.n [U] (infml 口) hard manual work, esp vigorous polishing or cleaning 费劲的体力活儿; （尤指）擦拭: If you used a bit of elbow-grease you could get those boots clean. 只要稍用些力就能把那双靴子擦乾净.n [U] space in which one can move freely 可以自由活动的空间: I need (some) more elbow-room. 我需要大一些的活动空间./ˈeldə(r); `ɛldɚ/ adj  1 (a) [attrib 作定语] (of people; esp two closely related members of a family) older; senior （指人, 尤指家庭中两个关系密切的成员）年长的, 年龄较大的: my elder brother 我的哥哥 * her elder daughter, ie the first-born of her two daughters 她的大女儿. (b) the elder (used without an immediately following n to refer to an earlier or later n 後面不紧接名词, 用以指前面或後面的名词) the older person, etc (of two) （两人中）年长者: He is the elder of my two brothers. 他是我两兄弟中年岁较大的. * There go my two sons. Can you guess which is the elder? 那是我的两个儿子. 你能猜出哪个大吗?  2 the elder (fml 文) (used before or after sb's name to distinguish him from another person with the same name 用于某人名字之前或之後, 以区别与之同名者): Pitt the elder 大皮特 * the elder Pitt 大皮特. Cf 参看 young 3.

n  1 my, etc elder [sing] person older than me, etc 比我等年长的人: He is her elder by several years. 他比她大几岁.  2 elders [pl] people of greater age and authority 年迈而有权威的人: the village elders, ie the old and respected people of the village 村中德高望重的前辈 * Traditions were passed on by the elders of the tribe. 部族的传统由长者承袭相传.  3 [C] official in a Presbyterian church （长老会中的）长老.  4 (idm 习语) one's (elders and) betters => better3 3.

/ˈeldə(r); `ɛldɚ/ n any of several types of small tree with scented white flowers and red or black berries 接骨木.old and respected politician; person, usu retired, whose advice is still valued because of his long experience 政界元老（年迈而受尊重的政治家）; 老顾问（因经验丰富而其意见仍受重视的人, 通常指退休者）./ˈeldəbrɪ; <i>US</i> ˈeldərˌberɪ; `ɛldɚˌbɛrɪ/ n fruit of an elder 接骨木浆果. ,elderberry `wine wine made from these berries 接骨木浆果酒./ˈeldəlɪ; `ɛldɚlɪ/ adj (often euph 常作委婉语) (of people) rather old; past middle age （指人）相当老的, 过了中年的, 上了年纪的: He's very active for an elderly man. 按老年人来说, 他非常活跃. =>Usage at old 用法见old./ˈeldɪst; `ɛldɪst/ adj [attrib 作定语], n (of people,esp of three or more closely related members of a family) first-born; oldest （指人, 尤指家中同辈的至少三个成员中的）第一个出生的, 年长的: Jill is my eldest daughter. 吉尔是我的长女. * Jill is the eldest of my three children. 吉尔是我三个孩子中年龄最大的. * Jill is the eldest of three, ie the oldest child in a family with three children. 吉尔是一家三个孩子中最大的. * Jill is my eldest. 吉尔是我的大孩子. =>Usage at elder1 用法见elder1./ˌeldəˈrɑːdəʊ; ˌɛldə`rɑdo/ n (pl ~s) imaginary land or city rich in precious metals 想像中的黄金国或黄金市./ɪˈlekt; ɪ`lɛkt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) choose sb by vote 选举某人: They elected a new president. 他们选举出一位新总统. * She was elected to parliament last year. 她去年被选进议会. * We elected James (to be) chairman. 我们选出詹姆斯当主席.  2 [Tt] (fml 文) choose or decide (to do sth) 选择或决定（做某事）: She elected to become a lawyer. 她决定当律师.

adj (after the n) chosen for a position but not yet occupying it （在名词後）当选而尚未就职的: the president elect 候任总统./ɪˈlekʃn; ɪ`lɛkʃən/ n [U, C] (instance of) choosing or selection by vote (of candidates for a position, esp a political office) 选举（尤指从政）: In America, presidential elections are held every four years.美国总统选举每四年举行一次. * He's standing for election. 他是候选人. * [attrib 作定语] the election results 选举结果./ɪˌlekʃəˈnɪərɪŋ; ɪˌlɛkʃən`ɪrɪŋ/ n [U] activity of trying to influence voters in an election by canvassing, making speeches, etc 竞选活动./ɪˈlektɪv; ɪ`lɛktɪv/ adj  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having the power to elect 有选举权的: an elective assembly 有选举权的大会.  2 chosen or filled by election 选任的; 由选举产生的: an elective office 选任的职位.  3 (esp of an American university course, etc) not compulsory; optional （尤指美国大学课程等）非强迫的, 任选的, 选修的: elective subjects 选修科目.  4 not urgently necessary 非急需的: elective surgery 非急需施行的手术.

n (esp US) optional course or subject studied at school or college 学校的选修课或选修科目: She is taking French as an elective next year. 她明年选修法语./ɪˈlektə(r); ɪ`lɛktɚ/ n person who has the right to vote in an election 有选举权的人; 选民: Many electors didn't vote today because of the bad weather. 由于天气恶劣, 许多选民今天没有投票./ɪˈlektərəl; ɪ`lɛktərəl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of elections or electors 选举的; 选民的: the electoral register/roll, ie list of the electors in an area 选民登记册 * In the USA the Electoral College elects the president. 美国总统由总统选举团选举产生./ɪˈlektərət; ɪ`lɛktərɪt/ n [CGp] all the qualified electors considered as a group 全体选民: The electorate is/are disillusioned. 全体选民大失所望.comb form 构词成分 of electricity 电的: electrocardiogram * electrolysis./ɪˈlektrɪk; ɪ`lɛktrɪk/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) producing electricity 发电的: an electric generator 发电机. (b) produced by electricity 由电产生的: an electric current 电流. =>App 11 见附录11. (c) used in the conveying of electricity 用于导电的: an electric plug, socket, flex, etc 电源插头、插座、皮线等. (d) using electrical power 使用电力的: an electric cooker, iron, light, etc 电炉、电熨斗、电灯等.  2 (fig 比喻) causing sudden excitement, esp in a group of people 使人（尤指人群）突然兴奋的: an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛 * The news had an electric effect. 这消息顿时使群情激昂.blanket that is warmed electrically 电热毯.(infml 口) = photoelectric cell (photoelectric).(physics 物) area near an electric charge, in which a force is exerted on another charged particle 电场.= shaver (shave).(also shock) effect of a sudden discharge of electricity through the body 触电; 电休克; 电震; 电击: I got an electric shock from that faulty light switch. 那个有毛病的电灯开关把我电了一下.violent atmospheric disturbance that produces electricity 电暴./ɪˈlektrɪkl; ɪ`lɛktrɪkl/ adj of or concerned with electricity 电的; 与电有关的: electrical engineering 电机工程 * This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: an electrically powered drill 电钻./ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn; ɪˌlɛk`trɪʃən/ n person whosejob is to install, operate, repair, etc electrical equipment 电工: Our washing machine has broken; I'll ring the electrician. 我们的洗衣机坏了, 我得给电工打电话. * We need an electrician to mend the iron. 我们要请电工修理熨斗./ɪˌlekˈtrɪsətɪ; ɪˌlɛk`trɪsətɪ/ n [U]  1 form of energy occurring in certain particles (electrons and protons) and hence in larger bodies, since they contain these 电.  2 supply of such energy in the form of electric current for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc 电流: Don't leave the lights on  it wastes electricity. 走时要随手关灯--以免浪费电. * When did the village first get electricity? 这个村何时通的电?  3 branch of science concerned with the study of this form of energy 电学./ɪˌlektrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ɪˌlɛktrəfə`keʃən/ n [U] conversion to electricity 电气化: the electrification of the railways, ie from steam to electricity 铁路的电气化./ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ; ɪ`lɛktrəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]  1 charge (sth) with electricity 给（某物）充电.  2 convert (a railway, etc) to the use of electric power 使（铁路等）改用电力; 使电气化.  3 (fig 比喻) stimulate (sb) as if by electricity; excite suddenly; startle 犹如以电刺激（某人）; 使突然兴奋; 使吃惊: the athlete's electrifying burst of speed 运动员惊人的爆发速度./ɪˌlektrəʊˈkɑːdɪəʊgræm; ɪ`lɛktro`kɑrdɪəˌˇræm/ n (abbr 缩写 ECG) (medical 医) record of sb's heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph, used in the diagnosis of heart disease 心电图./ˌɪlektrəʊˈkɑːdɪəʊgrɑːf; <i>US</i> -græf; ɪ`lɛktro`kɑrdɪəˌˇræf/ n (medical 医) instrument that detects and records the electric activity in the muscles of the heart 心电图仪./ɪˌlektrəʊˈkemɪstrɪ; ɪˌlɛktro`kɛmɪstrɪ/ n [U] application of electricity to chemical processes 电化学./ɪˈlektrəkjuːt; ɪ`lɛktrəˌkjut/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] kill (a person or an animal) by means of an electric current 电死（人或动物）; 以电刑处死. /ɪˌlektrəˈkjuːʃn; ɪˌlɛktrə`kjuʃən/ n [U]./ɪˈlektrəʊd; ɪ`lɛktrod/ n (often pl 常作复数) either of two solid conductors by which an electric current enters or leaves a battery, etc; terminal 电极. Cf 参看 anode, cathode./ɪˌlektrəʊenˈsefələ-græm; ɪˌlɛktroɛn`sɛfələˌˇræm/ n (abbr 缩写 EEG) pattern traced by an electroencephalograph 脑电图./ɪˌlektrəʊenˈsefələˌgrɑːf; <i>US</i> -græf; ɪˌlɛktroɛn`sɛfələˌˇræf/ n instrument for detecting and recording the electric current produced by the activity of the brain 脑电图仪./ˌɪlekˈtrɒləsɪs; ɪˌlɛk`trɑləsɪs/ n [U]  1 separation of a substance into its chemical parts by an electric current 电解.  2 destruction of hair roots, tumours, etc by an electric current (for cosmetic or surgical reasons) 用电针除去发根、肿瘤等./ɪˈlektrəlaɪt; ɪ`lɛktrəˌlaɪt/ n [C, U] (substance that can dissolve to produce a) solution able to conduct electric current, esp in an electric cell or battery 电解液; 电解质./ɪˌlektrəʊˈmægnɪt; ɪˌlɛktro`mæˇnɪt/ n (physics 物) piece of soft metal that becomes magnetic when an electric current is passed through the coil surrounding it 电磁铁; 电磁体./ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk; ɪ`lɛktromæˇ`nɛtɪk/ adj (physics 物) having both electrical and magnetic properties 电磁的: electromagnetic waves, eg X-rays, radio-waves, light waves 电磁波（如X射线、无线电波、光波）. n [U]./ɪˈlektrɒn; ɪ`lɛktrɑn/ n [C] (physics 物) minute particle of matter with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms 电子. Cf 参看 neutron, positron, proton.very powerful microscope that uses beams of electrons instead of light rays 电子显微镜./ˌɪlekˈtrɒnɪk; ɪˌlɛk`trɑnɪk/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (a) produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的: an electronic calculator 电子计算器. (b) concerned with electronic apparatus (eg computers) 与电子装置有关的（如计算机）: This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本. * electronic music, ie produced by manipulating natural or artificial sounds with electronic equipment 电子音乐.  2 of or concerned with electrons or electronics 电子的; 电子学的; 关于电子的; 关于电子学的: an electronic engineer 电子工程师. device for receiving and storing electronic mail 接受、储存电子邮递的装置./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: process data electronically, ie using a computer 用电子计算机处理数据. ,electronic `mail (also email, e-mail) sending text, diagrams, etc by means of computers linked to a telecommunication network 电子邮递（用计算机网络发送电文、图象等）. n [sing v]  1 branch of science and technology that deals with the behaviour of electrons电子学.  2 application of this, esp in developing equipment 电子学的应用: He's an expert in electronics. 他是电子应用专家. * [attrib 作定语] the electronics industry 电子工业./ɪˈlektrəpleɪt; ɪ`lɛktrəˌplet/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cover (sth) with a thin layer of metal, usu silver, by electrolysis 电镀: electroplated spoons 电镀的杓./ˈelɪgəns; `ɛləˇəns/ n [U]. elegantly adv: He always dresses elegantly. 他总是穿得很讲究./ˈelɪgənt; `ɛləˇənt/ adj tasteful and stylish in appearance or manner （相貌或仪态）优雅的, 文雅的, 高雅的: an elegant woman, coat, style of writing 文雅的女人、高雅的外衣、优美的写作风格 * elegant manners 优雅的仪态. /ˌelɪˈdʒaɪək; ˌɛlə`dʒaɪək/ adj  1 (of poetic metre) suitable for elegies （指诗歌韵律）适于挽歌的: elegiac couplets 挽歌对句.  2 (fml 文) mournful; expressing sorrow 哀悼的; 表示悲伤的: Her poetry has an elegiac quality. 她的诗有伤感的情调./ˈelədʒɪ; `ɛlədʒɪ/ n poem or song expressing sorrow, esp for the dead; lament 挽歌; 哀歌; 挽诗./ˈelɪmənt; `ɛləmənt/ n  1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) necessary or characteristic part of sth 要素; 特色: Justice is an important element of good government. 公正是仁政的要素. * What a sensational story! It has all the elements of a soap opera. 多么耸人听闻的事! 具备连续剧的一切要素.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ of sth small amount of sth; suggestion or trace of sth 某事物的少量; 某事物的启示或痕迹: There's an element of truth in his story. 他说的有些道理. * There's always an element of danger in mountain climbing. 登山总是有些危险的.  3 [C] (chemistry 化) any of about 100 substances which cannot be split by ordinary chemical methods into simpler substances 元素: Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的. Cf 参看 compound1 1, mixture 3.  4 [C] (according to ancient and medieval philosophers) any of the four substances, earth, air, fire and water, from which the universe was believed to be composed 要素（据古代和中世纪哲学家的观点, 认为构成宇宙的土、空气、火、水四种物质其中之一）.  5 the elements [pl] (fml 文) forces of nature, the weather, etc (esp bad weather) 自然力, 天气等（尤指坏天气）: exposed to (the fury of) the elements 经受风吹雨打.  6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] natural or suitable environment or habitat 自然的或合适的环境或栖息地: Water is a fish's natural element. 水是鱼的自然栖息地.  7 elements [pl] basic principles of a subject being studied; parts that must be learnt first （学科的）基本原则; 原理; 基础: You must understand the elements of mathematics before we can proceed further. 你必须先弄懂数学基础知识, 我们才能进一步学习.  8 [C] part of an electric kettle, etc that gives out heat 电阻丝（电　等供热的部分）: This heater needs a new element. 这个加热器需要一组新电阻丝.  9 (idm 习语) in/out of one's `element in/not in one's accustomed or preferred surroundings; doing/not doing what one is good at and enjoys 在[不在]某人习惯或喜欢的环境中; 做[不做]某人擅长和喜欢的事: I'm out of my element in political discussions. 我不喜欢参加政治讨论. * The children are really in their element playing on the beach. 孩子们在沙滩上嬉戏真是乐得其所./ˌelɪˈmentl; ˌɛlə`mɛntl/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 (fml 文) powerful; uncontrolled; like the forces of nature 强劲的; 失去控制的; 似自然力的: the elemental fury of the storm 暴风雨的肆虐.  2 basic 基本的: an elemental truth 基本事实./ˌelɪˈmentrɪ; ˌɛlə`mɛntərɪ/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) of or in the beginning stages (of a course of study) （一门课程的）入门阶段的, 初级的: an elementary class 初级班. (b) dealing with the simplest facts (of a subject); basic （一科目）基础的, 基本的: elementary mathematics 基础数学.  2 easy to solve or answer 容易解决的; 容易回答的: The questions were so elementary that he easily passed the test. 问题很好答, 他轻而易举就及格了.(physics 物) any of the subatomic particles thought not to consist of smaller particles 基本粒子./ˈelɪfənt; `ɛləfənt/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elephants)  1 largest four-footed animal now living, with two curved ivory tusks, thick skin, and a long trunk 象: a herd of elephant 象群. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) ,elephants ,never `forget (saying 谚) elephants are noted for their good memories 象不忘事（象以记忆力良好着称）. a white elephant => white./ˌelɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs; ˌɛləfən`taɪəsɪs/ n [U] disease, esp of tropical countries, in which limbs become abnormally enlarged and the skin thickens 象皮病（尤见于热带国家, 患者四肢异常肿大, 皮肤增厚）./ˌelɪˈfæntaɪn; <i>US</i> -tiːn; ˌɛlə`fæntin/ adj (derog or joc 贬或谑) large and awkward like an elephant 似象一样大而笨拙的: Their daughter is quite plump but their son is positively elephantine. 他们的女儿很胖; 可是儿子呢, 简直像大象./ˈelɪveɪt; `ɛləˌvet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) (fml 文)  1 lift sb/sth up; raise sb/sth to a higher place or rank 将某人[某物]举起; 将某人[某物]提到更高的地位: He's been elevated to the peerage, ie made a peer. 他已升为贵族.  2 (fig 比喻) make (the mind, morals, etc) better or more educated 使（思想、道德等）更好; 使更有修养: The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养.adj (fml 文) fine or noble 好的; 高尚的: elevated language, sentiments, thoughts 高尚的语言、情操、思想.(esp US) railway built on piers (usu above the streets, etc of a town) 高架铁路.adj (fml or joc 文或谑) improving the mind or morals; uplifting 提高思想或道德的; 引人向上的: an elevating book, sermon 提高修养的书、布道 * The experience wasn't terribly elevating. 这种事不太有教益吧./ˌelɪˈveɪʃn; ˌɛlə`veʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (fml 文) elevating or being elevated 提高; 被提高: elevation to the peerage 升为贵族.  2 [U] (fml 文) nobility or dignity 高尚; 高贵; 尊贵: elevation of language, style, thought 语言、风格、思想的高尚.  3 [C] (a) height (of a place), esp above sea-level （某地方的）高度（尤指海拔）: The city is at an elevation of 2000 metres. 这座城市海拔2000米. (b) (fml 文) hill or high place 小山; 高地: a small elevation of the ground 地面上的小隆起处.  4 [C] (architect's plan or drawing of) one side of a building (drawn to scale) （按比例绘制的）建筑物的正视图; 立视图: the front/rear/side elevation of a house 一座房子的正面[後面/侧面]立视图.  5 [C] angle that the direction of sth (esp a gun or planet) makes with the horizontal （尤指炮或行星的）仰角: The gun has an elevation of 45 degrees. 这门炮的仰角为45度./ˈelɪveɪtə(r); `ɛləˌvetɚ/ n  1 (US) = lift.  2 one of two movable parts in the tail of an aircraft that are used to make it climb or dive （飞行器的）升降舵.  3 tall storehouse for grain 高大的谷物仓库.  4 machine like a continuous belt with buckets at intervals, used for raising grain, goods, etc 斗式皮带输送机（用于向高处输送粮食、货物等）./ɪˈlevn; ɪ`lɛvən/ pron, det 11; one more than ten 11, 十一（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n  1 the number 11 十一.  2 team of eleven players for football, hockey or cricket 十一个人组成的足球、曲棍球、板球队.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eleven of the thing specified 有十一个...的: an eleven-mile walk.n [sing] (Brit) (esp formerly) examination taken at the age of eleven, to decide which type of secondary school a child should go to （尤指旧时）十一岁少年中学入学试（以决定升入中等学校的种类）. For the uses of eleven and eleventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关于eleven和eleventh的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./ɪˈlevnzɪz; ɪ`lɛvənzɪz/ n [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (Brit infml 口) snack and/or drink taken at about eleven o'clock in the morning 午前茶点（上午十一时左右吃的点心和[或]喝的饮料）./ɪˈlevnθ; ɪ`lɛvənθ/ pron, det 11th; next after tenth 第11, 第十一（个）.  n one of eleven equal parts of sth 十一分之一./elf; ɛlf/ n (pl elves / elvz; Zlvz/) type of small fairy; mischievous little creature 小精灵、小妖精、小淘气./ˈelfɪn; `ɛlfɪn/ adj of or like an elf 小精灵的; 似小妖精的: elfin music 小精灵的乐曲 * She has elfin features. 她貌似小精灵./ˈelfɪʃ; `ɛlfɪʃ/ (also elvish) adj mischievous 调皮的; 顽皮的: an elfish smile 调皮的微笑./ɪˈlɪsɪt; ɪ`lɪsɪt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) (fml 文) draw (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficulty 从某人处诱出, 探出（事实、反应等）: elicit a reply 诱出答案 * At last we've elicited the truth from him. 我们终于从他那里探得真相./ɪˈlaɪd; ɪ`laɪd/ v [Tn] leave out the sound of (part of a word) when pronouncing it 读音时省略（词的部分）读音: The `t' in `postman' may be elided. postman中的t可以省略不读. Cf 参看 elision./ˌelɪdʒəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌɛlɪdʒə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]state of being eligible 适宜入选; 有资格; 合格: Her qualifications and experience confirm her eligibility for the job. 她的资历和经验决定她适宜做这项工作./ˈelɪdʒəbl; `ɛlɪdʒəbl/ adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) suitable or fit to be chosen; having the right or proper qualifications 适宜被选中的; 有恰当资格的; 合格的: eligible for a pension, a job, an award 有资格领取养老金、得到工作、获得奖品 * eligible for promotion, membership 适宜提升、得到会员身分 * eligible to join a club 有资格加入俱乐部 * an eligible young man, eg one who would be a satisfactory choice as a husband 合意的 年轻人（如可做佳婿者）./ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt; ɪ`lɪməˌnet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) 消除, 清除, 排除（尤指不必要或不需要的某人[某物]）: eliminate mistakes from one's writing 消除文字中的错误 * The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry). 警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人. * eliminate waste matter from the body 从体内排出废物.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) kill (sb) ruthlessly 干掉（某人）: The dictator had eliminated all his political opponents. 独裁者已将所有政敌干掉.  3 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) exclude sb from further stages in a competition, through defeat, etc 淘汰某人: He was eliminated (from the contest) in the fourth round. 他在第四轮（从比赛中）被淘汰. /ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃn; ɪˌlɪmə`neʃən/ n [U]./ɪˈlɪʒn; ɪ`lɪʒən/ n (a) [U] leaving out of the sound of part of a word in pronunciation, as in we'll, don't and let's 读音时省略一字的部分读音（如we'll、don't、let's）. (b) [C] instance of this 省略部分读音. Cf 参看 elide./eɪˈliːt; ɪ`lit/ n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) social group considered to be the best or most important because of their power, talent, wealth, etc （由于有权力、才能、财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团; 精英; 尖子: the ruling, scientific elite 掌权的、科学方面的精英 * [attrib 作定语] an elite force, regiment 精锐部队、团./eɪˈliːtɪzəm; e`litɪzəm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (belief in a) system, leadership, etc that aims at developing an elite 旨在培养精英的体制、领导等（的主张）; 精英主义: Many people believe that private education encourages elitism. 许多人认为私人办学可助长精英主义./-tɪst; -tɪst/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person who believes in elitism 精英主义者.  adj of the elite or elitism 精英的; 主张培养精英的: an elitist attitude to life 卓尔不群的生活态度./ɪˈlɪksə(r); ɪ`lɪksɚ/ n [U, C]  1 imaginary substance with which medieval scientists hoped to change metals into gold or make people live for ever （中世纪科学家希望得到的）炼金药, 长生不老药: the elixir of life 长生不老药.  2 imaginary cure for all ills （想像中的）灵丹妙药, 万灵药./ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθn; ɪˌlɪzə`biθən/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603) 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的（15581603）: Elizabethan drama 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的戏剧 * The Elizabethan age was a time of exploration and discovery. 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代是探索和发现的时代.

n person who lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I 伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人: Shakespeare was an Elizabethan. 莎士比亚是伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人./elk; ɛlk/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elks) (Brit) (US moose) [C] one of the largest types of living deer, found in N Europe, N Asia, and N America 　罕, 驼鹿, 赤鹿（产于北欧、亚洲北部和北美洲）./ɪˈlɪps; ɪ`lɪps/ n regular oval 椭圆./ɪˈlɪpsɪs; ɪ`lɪpsɪs/ n (pl -pses / -psi:z; -psiz/) [C, U] (grammar) (instance of) leaving out a word or words from (the grammatical structure of) a sentence when the meaning can be understood without it/them 省略（指语法结构中的词语省略而不影响原意者）: The sentence `He is dead and I alive' contains an ellipsis, ie of the word `am'. 在He is dead and I alive一句中有一处省略, 即am这个词. =>App 3 见附录3./ɪˈlɪptɪk; ɪ`lɪptɪk/, elliptical / I5lIptIkl; I`liptIkl/ adjs shaped like an ellipse 似椭圆的./ɪˈlɪptɪkl; ɪ`lɪptɪkl/ adj containing ellipsis 省略的: an elliptical style of writing, ie one that implies more than is actually said （意在言外的）省略的文风./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adj./elm; ɛlm/ n [C] (also `elm tree)  1 tall deciduous tree with broad rough-edged leaves 榆树: [attrib 作定语] an elm forest 榆树林.  2 [U] its hard heavy wood 榆木: This bench is made of elm. 这条长凳是榆木制的./ˌeləˈkjuːʃn; ˌɛlə`kjuʃən/ n [U] art or style of speaking clearly and effectively, esp in public 演说的艺术或风格: [attrib 作定语] elocution lessons 演说艺术课./-ənərɪ; <i>US</i> -ənerɪ; -ənɛrɪ/ adj of elocution 演讲艺术的./-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n person who teaches or is an expert in elocution 演说术教师; 演讲艺术家./ˈiːlɒŋgeɪt; <i>US</i> ɪˈlɔːŋ-; ɪ`lɔŋˇet/ v [Tn] make (sth) longer 使（某物）更长; 伸长; 拉长./ˈiːlɒŋgeɪtɪd; <i>US</i> ɪˈlɔːŋ-; ɪ`lɔŋˇetɪd/ adj (made) long and thin; stretched out （被拉得）细长的; 伸长的: elongated figures in a painting 画中的细长的人./ˌiːlɒŋˈgeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɔːŋ-; ˌilɔŋ`ˇeʃən/ n (a) [U]making or becoming longer 拉长; 伸长; 延长. (b) [C] thing that has been made longer (esp a line in a drawing, etc) 被拉长之物（尤指绘图中的线等）./ɪˈləʊp; ɪ`lop/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) run away with a lover, esp to get married 私奔: The young couple eloped because their parents wouldn't let them marry.这对年轻人因父母不让他们结婚而私奔了. * H eloped with one of his students. 他和他的学生私奔了.n [C, U]./ˈeləkwəns; `ɛləkwəns/ n [U] (skilful use of) expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience 口才; 雄辩: The crowd were swayed by his eloquence. 他能言善辩打动了群众./-ənt; -ənt/ adj (fml 文) having or showing eloquence 有口才的; 雄辩的: an eloquent speaker, speech 雄辩的演讲者、讲话. adv./els; ɛls/ adv  1 (with indefinite, interrogative or negative prons and advs 与不定代词、疑问代词或否定代词或副词连用) in addition to or apart from (that already mentioned) 除（已提到的）以外; 另外; 其他: Did you see anybody else, ie any other person(s)? 你见到其他人了吗? * Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的事做吗? * Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧. * That must be somebody else's (ie some other person's) coat; it isn't mine. 那一定是别人的外衣, 不是我的. * Nothing else (ie I want nothing more), thank you. 不要别的了, 谢谢你. * We went to the cinema and nowhere else, ie to no other place. 我们去电影院了, 没到其他地方去. * I've tried to phone her six times today; what else can I do? 我今天已给她打了六次电话, 都没接通, 我还能做什么呢? * Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁? * How else (ie In what other way) would you do it? 你做这件事还有别的办法吗? * We have a bit of bread and little/not much else, ie not much more. 我们有一点面包, 没有什么别的了.  2 (idm 习语) or else (a) otherwise; if not 否则; 要不然: Run or else you'll be late. 快跑, 不然你要迟到了. * He must be joking or else he's mad. 他准是开玩笑, 要不就是疯了. (b) (infml 口) (used to express a threat or warning 用以表示威胁或警告): Give me the money or else! 把钱给我, 不然的话, 哼!/ˌelsˈweə(r); <i>US</i> -ˈhweər; `ɛlsˌhwɛr/ adv in, at or to some other place 在别处; 到别处: Our favourite restaurant was full, so we had to go elsewhere. 我们喜欢的饭馆已客满, 所以我们只得到别处去./ˌiː el ˈtiː; ˌi ɛl `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (principles and practice of) English Language Teaching (to non-native speakers) （对英语并非母语的人的）英语教学（的原则和方法）./ɪˈluːsɪdeɪt; ɪ`lusəˌdet/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) clear; explain 使（某事物）清楚; 解释; 阐明: You have not understood; allow me to elucidate. 你没理解, 让我解释一下. * elucidate a problem, mystery 阐明一问题、弄清一奥秘 * The notes helped to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text. 这些注释有助于弄清文中最难懂的部分. /ɪˌluːsɪˈdeɪʃn; ɪˌlusə`deʃən/ n [U] (fml 文): This requires elucidation. 此事需要解释清楚./ɪˈluːd; ɪ`lud/ v [Tn]  1 escape (sb/sth), esp by a trick or cleverness; avoid 躲避（某人[某事物]）（尤指用计谋或智慧）; 逃避: elude one's enemies 避开敌人 * He eluded capture for weeks by hiding underground.他为免被捕躲藏了几个星期.  2 escape the memory or understanding of (sb) （某人）不记得, 不理解: I recognize her face, but her name eludes me, ie I can't remember it. 我认得她的脸, 但想不起她的名字了./ɪˈluːsɪv; ɪ`lusɪv/ adj (a) tending to escape or disappear; difficult to capture 逃避的; 躲避的; 难以捕捉的: a most elusive criminal 极难逮捕的罪犯. (b) difficult to remember or understand 难以记忆的; 难以理解的; 难以捉摸的: an elusive perfume 难以捉摸的香味 * an elusive word 难记的词./ˈelvə(r); `ɛlvɚ/ n young eel 幼鳗.pl of elf./ɪˈlɪzɪən; ɪ`lɪʒɪən/ adj: the Elysian fields 福地./ɪˈlɪzɪəm; ɪ`lɪzɪəm/ n (a) (in Greek myths) home of the blessed after death （希腊神话中的）天堂. (b) place or state of perfect happiness 极乐世界; 乐土. /əm; əm/ pron (infml 口) = them: Don't let 'em get away! 别让他们跑掉!=> en-./ɪˈmeɪʃɪeɪtɪd; ɪ`meʃɪˌetɪd/ adj made thin and weak 瘦弱的; 憔悴的: very emaciated after a long illness 久病之後非常憔悴 * an emaciated child 瘦弱的孩子. => Usage at thin用法见thin. /ɪˌmeɪsɪˈeɪʃn; ɪˌmesɪ`eʃən/ n [U]./ˈiːmeɪl; `iˌmel/ n [U] = electronic mail (electron)./ˈeməneɪt; `ɛməˌnet/ v [Ipr] ~ from sth/sb (fml or joc 文或谑) come or flow from sth/sb 来自某物[某人]; 从某物[某人]处流出, 飘出: The idea originally emanated from his brother. 这个主意最初是他哥哥出的. * Delicious smells were emanating from the kitchen. 香味从厨房飘了出来. /ˌeməˈneɪʃn;ˌɛmə`neʃən/ n [C, U]: The place gave off a strong emanation of evil. 这地方是罪恶的渊薮./ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt; ɪ`mænsəˌpet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) set sb free, esp from political, legal or social restrictions 解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、法律或社会的束缚）: emancipate slaves 解放奴隶 * Women are still struggling to be fully emancipated, ie to be given the same rights, opportunities, etc as men. 妇女仍在为彻底解放而奋斗（以获得与男子同等的权利、机会等）./ɪˌmænsɪˈpeɪʃn; ɪˌmænsə`peʃən/ n [U] (a) action of emancipating 解放: the emancipation of women 妇女的解放. (b) state of being emancipated 获得解放./ɪˈmæskjʊleɪt; ɪ`mæskjəˌlet/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 remove the sexual organs of (a male animal); castrate 使（某雄性动物）去势; 阉割.  2 deprive (sb/sth) of force or strength; weaken 使（某人[某事物]）失去力量; 削弱: an emasculated law 被削弱了的法律. /ɪˌmæskjʊˈleɪʃn; ɪˌmæskjə`leʃən/ n./ɪmˈbɑːm; <i>US</i> also -bɑːlm; ɪm`bɑm, ɪm`bɑlm/ v [Tn]  1 preserve (a dead body) from decay by using spices or chemicals （用香料或药物）保存（尸体）: The Egyptians used to embalm the bodies of their deadkings and queens. 埃及人以前用药物保存国王和王后的尸体.  2 make (sth) fragrant 使（某物）充满香气. /ɪmˈbɑːmə(r); ɪm`bɑmɚ/ n. /ɪmˈbɑːmmənt; <i>US</i> also -bɑːlm-; ɪm`bɑmmənt, -bɑlm-/ n [U]./ɪmˈbæŋkmənt; ɪm`bæŋkmənt/ n wall or ridge of earth, stone, etc made to keep water back or to carry a railway or road over low ground 防水堤; 堤岸; （铁路或公路的）路堤: the Thames Embankment 泰晤士河河堤./ɪmˈbɑːgəʊ; ɪm`bɑrˇo/ n (pl ~es / -gEUz; -^oz/)[C, U] ~ (on sth) official order that forbids sth, esp trade, the movement of ships, etc 禁令; 禁止贸易令; 禁止船舶行驶令; 封港令等: a gold embargo, ie one that restricts or forbids the buying or selling of gold 限制或禁止黄金买卖令 * an embargo on trade with other islands 禁止与其他岛屿贸易令 * lift/raise/remove an embargo on sth, ie start trading in sth again 取消对某物的交易禁令（重新开放对某物的贸易） * place sth under (an) embargo, ie do no trade in sth 禁止对某物进行贸易.

v (pt, pp ~ed / -gEUd; -^od/) [Tn]  1 put an embargo on (sth) 禁止（船只）出入港口; 禁运（某物）.  2 seize (ships, goods, etc) for use by the State 徵用（船只、货物等）./ɪmˈbɑːk; ɪm`bɑrk/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for...) (cause sb/sth to) go or be taken on board a ship or an aircraft （使某人[某物]）乘船; 上船; 登机: Passengers with cars must embark first. 带汽车的乘客必须先上船. * We embarked for Calais at midday. 我们中午乘船去加来. * The ship embarked passengers and cargo at an Italian port. 这艘船在意大利一个港口载客装货.  2 (phr v) embark on sth start or engage in (esp sth new or difficult) 开始或从事（尤指新的或难的事）: embark on a long journey 开始漫长的旅行 * He embarked on a new career. 他开始从事一新事业./ˌembɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˌɛmbɑr`keʃən/ n [C, U] action or process of embarking 乘船; 装载; 开始; 从事: the port of embarkation 登船装货港./ɪmˈbærəs; ɪm`bærəs/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (a) cause (sb) to feel self-conscious, awkward or ashamed 使（某人）觉得不自然、忸怩、尴尬或害羞: I was embarrassed by his comments about my clothes. 他评论我的衣服使我很尴尬. * Are you trying to embarrass me? 你是想让我难堪吗? (b) cause mental discomfort or anxiety to (sb) 使（某人）不安或焦虑: embarrassed by lack of money 因缺钱而苦恼 * financially embarrassed 拮据.adj: an embarrassing incident, question,mistake 令人困窘的事、问题、错误. adv.n  1 (a) [U] embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘; 局促不安; 焦急; 忧患: He suffered much embarrassment in his youth. 他年轻时饱经忧患. (b) [C] person or thing that embarrasses 令人困窘、不安、焦虑的人或事物: He's an embarrassment to hisfamily. 他是家中叫人为难的人. * financial embarrassments财务困难.  2 (idm 习语) an embarrassment of `riches too many good things to do, choose from, etc 好东西太多而难以处理、难以选择等./ˈembəsɪ; `ɛmbəsɪ/ n  1 (official residence of an) ambassador and his staff 大使及其官员; 大使馆全体成员; 大使馆: the American embassy in London 美国驻伦敦大使馆 * He is with (ie working at) the French embassy. 他在法国大使馆工作. * [attrib 作定语] embassy officials 大使馆官员. Cf 参看 consulate 1, High Commission (high1).  2 (dated 旧) deputation sent to a foreign government 派往外国政府的代表团: send sb/go/come on an embassy (to sb) 派遣某人去[来]任赴外国政府代表团的成员（去某人处）./ɪmˈbætld; ɛm`bætld/ adj  1 (a) (of an army, etc) drawn up and prepared for battle （指军队等）严阵以待的; 做好战斗准备的: embattled troops 严阵以待的部队. (b) in a condition of defence; fortified against attack 处于防御状态的; 设防以抵御攻击的: the embattled city 设防的城市.  2 (of a tower or building) having battlements （指城楼或建筑物）有雉堞的./ɪmˈbed; ɪm`bɛd/ v (-dd-) [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fix sth deeply and firmly (in a surrounding mass) 将某物深而牢地固定于（周围的物体中）: stones embedded in rock 嵌在岩石中的石块 * The arrow embedded itself in the wall. 箭牢牢地扎进墙里. * (fig 比喻) The idea became embedded in his mind. 这想法在他头脑中根深蒂固./ɪmˈbelɪʃ; ɪm`bɛlɪʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)  1 make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc 美化、装饰或修饰某物: a dress embellished with lace and ribbons 有花边和饰带的连衣裙.  2 improve (a story, statement, etc) by adding often untrue details, eg to make it more interesting or amusing 渲染; 添枝加叶（如使之更有趣、更可笑）: He often embellishes the tales of his travels. 他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶.n (a) [U] embellishing or being embellished 装饰; 渲染; 润色: the embellishment of a book, a building, a speech 对书的修饰、建筑物的装饰、言语的润色. (b) [C] thing that embellishes; artistic addition 装饰之物; 艺术性的增添物: a 16th-century church with 18th-century embellishments 有18世纪艺术装饰的16世纪的教堂./ˈembə(r); `ɛmbɚ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) small piece of burning or glowing wood or coal in a dying fire 余烬: Only the embers of the bonfire remained. 那篝火只有余烬尚存. * (fig 比喻) the dying embers of a former passion 昔日激情的将熄的余烬./ɪmˈbezl; ɪm`bɛzl/ v [Tn] use (money placed in one's care) in a wrong way to benefit oneself 盗用, 挪用（款项）: embezzle the pension fund 挪用抚恤金 * The treasurer embezzled 2000 of the club's money. 司库盗用了俱乐部2000英镑.n [C, U] (instance of) embezzling 盗用; 挪用: petty embezzlements 少量的盗用公款 * He was found guilty of embezzlement. 他被判盗用公款罪./ɪmˈbezlə(r); ɪm`bɛzlɚ/ n person who embezzles 盗用者; 挪用公款者./ɪmˈbɪtə(r); ɪm`bɪtɚ/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] fill (sb/sth) with bitter feelings 使（某人）苦恼; 使（某事物）令人苦恼: embittered by repeated failures 因屡次失败而苦恼. n [U] (fml 文)./ɪmˈbleɪzən; ɪm`blezn/ (also blazon) v [Tn] decorate (sth) with heraldic or other devices 以纹章或其他方式装饰（某物）: a shield emblazoned with dragons 饰有龙纹的盾牌. n [U]./ˈembləm; `ɛmbləm/ n object that represents sth; symbol 象徵; 标志; 标记: The dove is an emblem of peace. 鸽子是和平的象徵. * The ring was important to her as an emblem of their love. 这枚戒指是他们爱情的象徵, 对她至为重要. * The thistle is the emblem of Scotland. 蓟是苏格兰的标志./ˌembləˈmætɪk; ˌɛmblə`mætɪk/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) serving as an emblem; symbolic 用作象徵; 作为标志./ɪmˈbɒdɪmənt; ɪm`bɑdɪmənt/ n person or thing that embodies sth or is embodied 体现某事物的人或物; 体现; 化身: She's the embodiment of kindness. 她是慈祥的化身./ɪmˈbɒdɪ; ɪm`bɑdɪ/ v (pt, pp -died) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文)  1 express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings, etc) 体现（想法、感情等）; 使（想法、感情等）具体化: To me he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher. 在我看来, 他本身体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质.  2 include or contain sth 包括或含有某物: The latest computer model embodies many new features. 最新型的计算机具备许多新功能./ɪmˈbəʊldən; ɪm`boldn/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Cn.t] (dated or fml 旧或文) give courage or confidence to (sb) 给（某人）勇气或信心; 给（某人）壮胆; 鼓励: emboldened by drink 饮酒後壮了胆的 * His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务./ˈembəlɪzəm; `ɛmbəˌlɪzəm/ n (medical 医) blockage of an artery or a vein caused by a clot of blood, an air-bubble, etc 栓塞./ɪmˈbɒs; <i>US</i> -ˈbɔːs; ɪm`bɔs/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A with B/~ B on A decorate (the surface of sth) with a raised design; create (a raised design) on the surface of sth 在（某物的表面）装饰隆起的图案; 在某物表面制出（隆起的图案）: an address embossed on notepaper 凸印在信纸上的地址 * embossed stationery 有压印浮雕花的信笺 * a leather briefcase embossed with one's initials 饰有浮凸的姓名首字母的皮公事包./ɪmˈbreɪʒə(r); ɪm`breʒɚ/ n [C] (a) opening for a door or window, wider on the inside than the outside, in an interior wall, esp of an old castle 斜面墙（内宽外窄的门窗的开口）（尤指古城堡的）. (b) similar opening in a castle, fort, etc for shooting through （城堡、要塞等的）炮眼, 枪眼, 射击孔./ˌembrəˈkeɪʃn; ˌɛmbrə`keʃən/ n [U] liquid for rubbing on the body to ease muscular aches, stiffness, etc; liniment （缓解肌肉疼痛、僵硬等的）搽剂; 涂抹油: A bit of embrocation will soothe your bruised knee. 用一点搽剂可使你那青肿的膝部消肿./ɪmˈbrɔɪdə(r); ɪm`brɔɪdɚ/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on B)/~ B (with A) decorate (cloth) with needlework （在布上）刺绣: She embroiders very well. 她很会刺绣. * She embroidered flowers on the cushion (in gold thread). 她（用金线）在垫子上绣花. * She embroidered the cushion with flowers. 她把垫子绣上了花.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) add untrue details to (a story, etc) to make it more interesting （给故事等）添枝加叶: embroider the truth, the tale, the facts, etc 对真相、故事、事实等添油加醋地渲染./-dərɪ; -dərɪ/ n [U]  1 decoration with needlework 刺绣: a beautiful piece of embroidery 一件美丽的刺绣制品 * He's good at embroidery. 他擅长刺绣.  2 (fig 比喻) untrue details added for effect （为增强效果而加的）虚构细节: A little embroidery made the story quite entertaining. 增加了一点虚构细节使得故事相当有趣./ɪmˈbrɔɪl; ɪm`brɔɪl/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) get sb/oneself involved (in a quarrel or difficult situation) 使某人[自己]卷入（争吵或困境中）: I don't want to become embroiled in their arguments. 我不想卷入他们的争论中. * They are embroiled in a war against their will. 他们违背自己的意愿卷入一场战争之中./ˈembrɪəʊ; `ɛmbrɪˌo/ n (pl ~s / -EUz; -oz/)  1 (a) young animal or plant in the early stages of its development before birth (or before coming out of its egg or seed) 胚; 胚胎; 萌芽时期: an aborted embryo 流产的胚胎. Cf 参看 foetus. (b) (fig 比喻) plan, scheme, etc in its very early stages 初步的计划、方案等: an embryo of an idea 一个想法的雏形 * [attrib 作定语] The project is still at the embryo stage. 这个计划仍在酝酿阶段.  2 (idm 习语) in embryo existing but undeveloped 已存在但尚未发展的: My plans are still very much in embryo. 我的计划在很大程度上仍在酝酿中./ˌembrɪˈɒlədʒɪ; ˌɛmbrɪ`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] scientific study of the formation and development of embryos 胚胎学. embryologist n/ 9embrI5ClEdVIst;9ZmbrI`BlEdVIst/ expert in this 胚胎学家./ˌembrɪˈɒnɪk; ˌɛmbrɪ`ɑnɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in an early stage of development 在发育的最初阶段的; 胚胎的: an embryonic foetus 刚刚发育的胎儿 * (fig 比喻) The scheme is still in its embryonic stage. 此方案仍在酝酿阶段./ˌemˈsiː; ˌɛm`si/ n (infml 口) master of ceremonies; compere 司仪; （节目的）主持人: Who was (the) emcee of the show last night? 谁是昨晚节目的主持人? Cf 参看 MC 1.

v (pt, pp emceed) [I, Tn] act as master of ceremonies for (an event) 做司仪; 做（节目）主持人; 主持（节目）: Who's emceeing (the show) tonight? 今晚谁主持（演出）?/ɪˈmend; ɪ`mɛnd/ v [Tn] remove errors from (eg a text before printing) 校改; 校正; 校订; 修正（如文稿）: emend a passage in a book 校正书中的一段./ˌiːmenˈdeɪʃn; ˌimɛn`deʃən/ n (a) [U] action of emending （对文稿等的）修正; 校改; 校正; 校订. (b) [C] thing that is emended （对文稿等）修正、校改、校正或校订的内容: minor emendations to the official statement 对正式声明的些微修正./ˈemərəld; `ɛmərəld/ n bright green precious stone 祖母绿; 纯绿柱石; 绿宝石; 翡翠: two diamonds and an emerald 两枚钻石和一枚绿宝石 * [attrib 作定语] an emerald ring 翡翠戒指.

adj, n [U] (also emerald green) (of a) bright green colour 绿宝石色（的）; 翡翠绿（色）: an emerald hat 翠绿色的帽子./ɪˈmɜːdʒ; ɪ`mɝdʒ/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth)  1 (a) come out or up (from water, etc) （从水中等）出来, 现出, 露出: The swimmer emerged from the lake. 游泳者从湖中出来. * The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层後露出. (b) come into view or prominence 显现; 显露: He emerged as leader at the age of thirty. 他三十岁时初露锋芒担任了领袖.  2 (of facts, ideas, etc) become known （指事实、意见等）暴露, 知悉: No new evidence emerged during the enquiry. 在调查过程中未发现新证据./-dʒəns; -dʒəns/ n [U] action of emerging 出来; 现出; 出现; 显现; 暴露: her emergence as a well-known artist 她脱颖而出成为着名艺术家./ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ; ɪ`mɝdʒənsɪ/ n  1 [C, U] sudden serious event or situation requiring immediate action 紧急事件; 紧急情况: You should only use this door in an emergency. 在紧急情况下才能使用这扇门. * The government has declared a state of emergency, eg because of war, a natural disaster, etc. 政府已宣布进入紧急状态. * [attrib 作定语] the emergency exit 紧急出口.  2 [U] (US) = casualty 3: [attrib 作定语] the emergency ward 急诊病室./-dʒənt; -dʒənt/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in the process of emerging 在出现过程中的: the emergent countries of Africa, ie those becoming politically independent and modernized, etc 非洲的新兴国家（那些政治上逐步独立和现代化等的国家）./ɪˈmerɪtəs; ɪ`mɛrətəs/ adj (often placed after the n, and having a capital in titles 常置于名词後, 作头衔用时大写) (of a university teacher, esp a professor) retired, but keeping his title as an honour （指大学教师, 尤指教授）退休而保留头衔的: the emeritus professor of biology 生物学荣誉退休教授 * a professor emeritus 荣誉退休教授 * Emeritus Professor Johnson 约翰逊荣誉退休教授./ˈemərɪ; `ɛmərɪ/ n [U] hard metallic substance used (esp in powdered form) for polishing, smoothing and grinding 金刚砂; 刚玉粉.n small strip of wood or cardboard covered in emery, used for filing the finger-nails 指甲砂锉.n paper coated with emery, used for smoothing rough surfaces 砂纸./ɪˈmetɪk; ɪ`mɛtɪk/ n, adj (medicine) causing vomiting 催吐的; 催吐剂: He was given an emetic (medicine) after eating poisonous berries. 他吃了有毒的浆果, 已给了他催吐剂./ˈemɪgrənt; `ɛməˇrənt/ n person who emigrates 移居外国者; 移民: emigrants to Canada 移居加拿大的人 * [attrib 作定语] emigrant labourers 移民他国的劳工./ˈemɪgreɪt; `ɛməˌˇret/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) leave one's own country to go and live in another 移居外国: emigrate from Britain to Australia to find work 从英国移居到澳大利亚寻找工作. Cf 参看 immigrate./ˌemɪˈgreɪʃn; ˌɛmə`ˇreʃən/ n [U, C]: the mass emigration of refugees in wartime 战时大规模的逃难移民 * [attrib 作定语] emigration officials 管理移民的官员./ˈemɪgreɪ; <i>US</i> ˌemɪˈgreɪ; `ɛməˌˇre/ n (French 法) person who has left his own country, usu for political reasons 移居外国的人, 逃亡者, 流亡者（通常指因政治原因）: He was one of the emigres who left France after the French Revolution. 他是法国革命後离开法国的流亡者./ˈemɪnəns; `ɛmənəns/ n  1 [U] state of being famous or distinguished 卓越; 着名: reach eminence as a doctor 成为名医 * rise to eminence in one's profession 在职业上出人头地.  2 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) piece of rising ground; hill 高地; 山丘.  3 Eminence [C] title used of or to a cardinal 阁下（对红衣主教的尊称）: His/Your Eminence 主教阁下 * Their/Your Eminences 列位主教阁下./ˈemɪnənt; `ɛmənənt/ adj  1 (of a person) famous and distinguished （指人）着名的, 杰出的, 卓越的: an eminent architect 杰出的建筑师 * He is eminent both as a sculptor and as a portrait painter. 他既是着名的雕刻家又是杰出的肖像画家.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of qualities) remarkable; outstanding （指品质、特性）明显的; 显着的; 突出的: a man of eminent goodness 品德优良的人.adv obviously; outstandingly 明显地; 显着地; 突出地: She seems eminently suitable for the job. 她看来极适合做这项工作./eˈmɪə(r); ə`mɪr/ (also amir) n title of various Muslim rulers 埃米尔（对穆斯林统治者的尊称）./eˈmɪəreɪt; ə`mɪret/ n position, reign or lands of an emir 埃米尔的地位、统治或领地: the United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国./ˈemɪsərɪ; `ɛməˌsɛrɪ/ n person sent to deliver a message (often an unpleasant or a secret one) or to conduct negotiations （常为传送棘手信息的）使者, 密使, 谈判者./ɪˈmɪʃn; ɪ`mɪʃən/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) sending out or giving off (of light, heat, fumes, matter, fluid from the body, etc) （光、热、烟、气、分泌物、体液等的）散发, 发射, 发出: the emission of light from the sun 阳光的照射.  2 [C] thing that is sent out or given off; discharge 散发之物、发出之物; 流出物; 排泄物: a nocturnal emission, ie the discharge of semen during sleep 夜间遗精./ɪˈmɪt; ɪ`mɪt/ v (-tt-) [Tn] give or send (sth) out; discharge 发射, 放射, 发出（某物）; 排出; 排泄: A volcano emits smoke, lava and ashes. 火山喷射出烟、熔岩和灰烬. * She emitted a cry of pain. 她发出痛苦的呼叫. * The cheese was emitting a strong smell. 乾酪散发出强烈的气味./ɪˈmɒlɪənt; ɪ`mɑlɪənt/ n, adj (substance) that soothes and softens the skin 润肤的; 润肤剂: Use an emollient for dry skin. 乾燥的皮肤要使用润肤剂. * an emollient cream 润肤霜./ɪˈmɒljʊmənt; ɪ`mɑljəmənt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) profit made from being employed; fee or salary 报酬; 酬金; 工资; 薪水: Her emoluments as a teacher amounted to 8500 a year. 她任教年薪8500英镑. * He was paid a modest emolument. 他获酬甚微./ɪˈməʊʃn; ɪ`moʃən/ n  1 [C] strong feeling of any kind 激情; 情感; 情绪: Love, joy, hate, fear and jealousy are all emotions. 爱情、喜悦、憎恨、恐惧、嫉妒都是强烈的感情. * The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds. 演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考.  2 [U] excitement or disturbance of the mind or (more usu) the feelings 激动; 感动: overcome by/with emotion 为情感所动 * He spoke of his dead wife with deep emotion. 他提到亡妻感慨万分. * She answered in a voice filled with emotion. 她以激动的声音回答./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of the emotions 情感的: emotional problems 情感问题.  2 causing or showing emotions 引起情感的; 表示情感的: an emotional response 富于情感的反应 * emotional music, language 抒情的乐曲、语言.  3 having emotions that are easily excited 易激动的; 易动感情的: an emotional man, actor, character, nature 易动感情的男子、演员、性格、天性 * She is embarrassingly emotional in public. 她在大庭广众前常激动得让人难为情. /-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adv: emotionally disturbed 情绪波动.adj without emotion 没有情感的; 冷漠的./ɪˈməʊtɪv; ɪ`motɪv/ adj (of words, etc) tending to affect the emotions （指词等）激发情感的: an emotive speech 激动人心的讲话 * Capital punishment is an emotive issue. 应否有死刑是个容易引起感情用事的问题./ɪmˈpænl; ɪm`pænl/ v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] (fml 文) list or select (sb) to serve on a jury 将（某人）列入陪审员名单; 选（某人）为陪审员./ˈempəθɪ; `ɛmpəθɪ/ n [U]  1 ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc 感情移入, 同感（对他人的感情、经历等的想像力和感受力）: There is a strange empathy between the old lady and her grandson. 老妇人和她孙子间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉.  2 ability to identify oneself mentally with eg a work of art that one is looking at, and so to understand its meaning 神入（全神贯注于某事物如一艺术品, 以理解其真谛的能力）./ˈempərə(r); `ɛmpərɚ/ n (fem 阴性作 empress / 5emprIs; `ZmprIs/) ruler of an empire 皇帝: the Roman emperors 罗马皇帝 * The Emperor Napoleon 拿破仑皇帝./ˈemfəsɪs; `ɛmfəsɪs/ n (pl -ases / -Esi:z;-Esiz/) [C, U]  1 force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importance 加强语气; 强调: give special emphasis to a phrase 对一词组加强语气.  2 ~ (on sth) (placing of) special meaning, value or importance (on sth) （付予某事物）特殊的意义、价值或重要性: Some schools put/lay/place great emphasis on language study. 有些学校极注重语言学习. * The emphasis here is on hard work, not enjoyment. 这里至关重要的是努力工作, 而不是享乐.=> emphasize/ˈemfəsaɪz; `ɛmfəˌsaɪz/ v [Tn, Tf] put emphasis on (sth); give emphasis to (sth); stress 强调; 着重; 加强（某词语）的语气; 重读: Which word should I emphasize? 我应该重读哪个词? * He emphasized the importance of careful driving/that careful driving was important. 他强调小心驾驶的重要性[小心驾驶很重要]./ɪmˈfætɪk; ɪm`fætɪk/ adj  1 having, showing or using emphasis 加强语气的; 强调的; 重视的; 重点的; 着重的; 重读的: an emphatic denial 断然的否认 * He was most emphatic that I should go. 他极力强调我应该去.  2 definite and clear 肯定的; 明确的; 显着的: an emphatic victory 有目共睹的胜利. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌemfɪˈsiːmə; ˌɛmfɪ`simə/ n [U] (medical 医) disease that affects the lungs and makes breathing difficult 气肿; 肺气肿./ˈempaɪə(r); `ɛmpaɪr/ n  1 [C] group of countries or states under a single ruler or ruling power 帝国: the Roman Empire 罗马帝国.  2 [U] (fml 文) supreme political power 帝权; 绝对支配权: the responsibilities of empire 有绝对支配权的统治.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) large commercial organization controlled by one person or group （由一人或一集团控制的）大企业组织: a publishing empire 大出版企业.n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) process of deliberately acquiring extra territory, authority, etc. 扩张领土、权力等./ɪmˈpɪrɪkl; ɛm`pɪrɪkl/ adj (of knowledge) based on observation or experiment, not on theory （指知识）以观察或实验为根据的（非理论的）. Cf 参看 transcendental./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ɪmˈpɪrɪsɪzəm; ɛm`pɪrəˌsɪzəm/ n [U] use of empirical methods 观察或实验方法的运用; 经验主义./-sɪst; -sɪst/ n person who works in an empirical way 以观察或实验方法工作的人; 经验主义者./ɪmˈpleɪsmənt; ɪm`plesmənt/ n preparedposition or platform for a heavy gun or guns 炮位; 炮台./ɪmˈplɔɪ; ɪm`plɔɪ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t]  1 ~ sb (in/on sth); ~ sb (as sth) give work to sb, usu for payment 雇用某人: She hasn't been employed (ie has not had a job) for six months now. 她现在已半年没有工作了. * They've just employed five new waiters. 他们刚刚雇用了五个新服务员. * He's employed on the oil rigs. 他受雇在油井钻塔工作. * She's employed as a taxi driver. 她受雇任计程车司机. * They employed him to look after the baby. 他们聘请他照料婴儿.  2 ~ sb/sth (in/on sth); ~ sth (as sth) (fml 文) make use of sb/sth; occupy (time, attention, etc) 使用某人[某事物]; 利用（时间、注意力等）: You could employ your spare time better. 你可以把闲暇时间利用得好些. * He was busily employed in cleaning his shoes. 他忙着擦鞋. * He employed his knife as a lever. 他把刀子当杠杆用. * The police employed force to open the door. 警方强行把门打开了.

n [U] (fml 文) service or employment 服务; 工作; 职业; 雇用; 受雇: I left their employ after an argument. 我与他们争吵之後就辞掉了工作. * How long has she been in your employ (ie employed by you)? 你雇用她多长时间了?/-əbl; -əbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] that can be employed 可雇用; 可使用./ˌemplɔɪˈiː, also ɪmˈplɔɪiː; ˌɛmplɔɪ`i, ɪm`plɔɪi/ n person who works for sb or for a company in return for wages 受雇者; 雇工; 雇员: The manager sacked three employees. 经理开除了三名雇员.n person or company that employs others 雇用者; 雇主: They're not good employers, ie They treat their workers badly. 他们不是好雇主./ɪmˈplɔɪmənt; ɪm`plɔɪmənt/ n [U]  1 (a) act of employing 雇用; 使用: The expansion of the factory will mean the employment of sixty extra workers. 工厂的扩展意味着将增雇六十名工人. (b) state of being employed 受雇用; 被使用: be in/out of regular full-time employment 有[没有]固定的全日工作.  2 occupation (esp regular paid work) 职业: give employment to sb 雇用某人 * find employment 找工作 * [attrib 作定语] government employment office 政府就业事务处. =>Usage at trade1 用法见trade1.private business that helps people to find work and employers to find workers 职业介绍所./ɪmˈpɔːrɪəm; ɪm`pɔrɪəm/ n (pl -riums or  -ria / -rIE; -rIE/) (joc or fml 谑或文) (a) centre of trade; market 贸易中心; 市场. (b) (esp US) large shop 大商店./ɪmˈpaʊə(r); ɪm`paᴜɚ/ v [Cn.t esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) give lawful power or authority (to sb) to act 授权（给某人）采取行动: The new laws empower the police to stop anybody in the street. 新法令授予警方可在街上截停任何人的权力. * The lawyer was empowered to pay all her bills. 已授权给律师偿付她的一切帐项./ˈemprɪs; `ɛmprɪs/ n (a) female ruler of an empire 女皇. (b) wife or widow of an emperor 皇后.n [pl] (infml 口) empty bottles, boxes, crates, etc 空瓶子、空盒子、空木箱等: Put your empties on the doorstep for the milkman. 把空奶瓶放到门阶上, 等送奶人来取./ˈemptɪnɪs; `ɛmptɪnɪs/ n [U]./ˈemptɪ; `ɛmptɪ/ adj  1 (a) having nothing inside 空的: an empty box 空盒子 * an empty lorry, ie one without a load 空卡车 * Your glass is empty. 你的杯子空了. (b) with nobody in it 空无一人的: an empty house, room, chair, bus 空着的房子、房间、椅子、公共汽车 * empty streets 空无一人的街道 * The cinema was half empty. 电影院空着一半.  2 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without or lacking in (a quality) 没有或缺乏（某种性质）: (fml 文) words empty of meaning 无意义的话. (b) without sense or purpose 没有感知的; 没有意义的; 没有目的的: empty threats, words, promises, dreams 虚张声势的恐吓、空话、空洞的许诺、虚幻的梦想 * My life feels empty now the children have left home. 因为孩子们已离开了家, 我感到生活很空虚.  3 (infml 口) hungry 饥饿的: I feel jolly empty! 我饿极了!  4 (idm 习语) on an empty `stomach having eaten nothing 空腹: It's not good to drink on an empty stomach. 空着肚子喝酒不好.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Empty and full have wide uses. *empty和full的使用范围很广. Any container or building can be full (of things or people) or empty 任何容器或建筑物都可为full（有物或人）或empty: The theatre was almost empty last night. 剧院昨晚几乎是空的. *  This bottle was full yesterday and now it's empty. 这个瓶子昨天是满的, 现在已经空了. Vacant and occupied relate to the long-term use of a building, etc *vacant和occupied指对建筑物等的长期使用: There are some vacant offices on the third floor. 四楼有几间空着的办公室. *  All the flats are occupied now. 所有的单元现在都已住满. They can also refer to the short-term use of a room, etc. 这两个词也可指短期使用房间等: The lavatory is vacant. 厕所现在无人使用. *  All the seats are occupied. 所有的座位都坐满了.

/ˈemptɪ; `ɛmptɪ/ v (pt, pp emptied)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (onto/into sth); ~ sth (of sth) make sth empty 将某物弄空: empty one's glass into the sink 把杯里的东西倒进洗涤槽里. * empty (out) a drawer 把抽屉腾空 * He emptied his pockets of their contents. 他把衣袋里的东西全都掏出来了. * This dreadful film soon emptied the cinema of people. 这部电影很没意思, 电影院里的人很快就都走光了. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) become empty 变空: The streets soon emptied (of people) when the rain started. 下起雨来了, 街道很快便空无一人了. * The cistern empties in five minutes. 贮水池五分钟就流乾.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (into/onto sth) remove (the contents of sth) and put them somewhere else 将某物中的东西取出置于他处: Have you emptied (out) the rubbish? 你倒垃圾了吗? * She emptied the milk into the pan. 她把牛奶倒进锅里. * We emptied the waste paper onto the floor. 我们把废纸倒在地板上. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (from/out of sth) (into/onto sth) flow or pour out 流出; 倒出: The water slowly emptied (from the cistern). 水（从贮水池）缓缓流出. * The Rhone empties into the Mediterranean. 罗讷河流入地中海. * The rubbish from the cart emptied onto the street. 垃圾从大车上倾倒到街上.adj [pred 作表语] bringing back or taking away nothing 空手: They always arrive at parties empty-handed. 他们总是空着手参加聚会. * return empty-handed from an unsuccessful shopping trip 这趟购物之行什么也没买成, 空手而归.adj (of people) foolish and without common sense （指人）愚蠢的, 无头脑的: an empty-headed young `idiot 没头脑的小笨蛋./ˈiːmjuː; `imju/ n large Australian bird that runs quickly but cannot fly 鸸鹋（产于澳洲的大型鸟, 善跑而不能飞翔）./ˈemjʊleɪt; `ɛmjəˌlet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at sth) (fml 文) try to do as well as or better than sb 赶超某人; 与某人竞争: emulate her sister's sporting achievements 赶超她姐姐的运动成绩 * emulate her elder sister at the piano 在钢琴演奏上与她姐姐竞争./ˌemjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌɛmjə`leʃən/ n [U] (fml 文) action or state of emulating 赶超; 竞赛; 竞争: She worked hard in emulation of her elder sister. 她努力赶超姐姐./ɪˈmʌlsɪfaɪ; ɪ`mʌlsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] become an emulsion or make an emulsion of (sth) 乳化; 使（某物）乳化: The sauce has emulsified. 调味汁已经乳化了. * emulsify the oil 使油乳化./ɪˈmʌlʃn; ɪ`mʌlʃən/ n [C, U]  1 creamy liquid in which particles of oil or fat are evenly distributed 乳状液.  2 medicine or paint in this form 乳剂; 乳漆: [attrib 作定语] emulsion paint, ie paint that has a matt rather than a glossy finish when dry 乳状漆（乾後无光泽的漆）.  3 light-sensitive substance on the surface of photographic film 感光乳剂./ˌɒn ˈblɒk; ɑn`blɑk/ (French 法) all together; all at the same time 一起; 同时: They left the meeting en bloc. 他们一起离开了会场./ˌɒn fæˈmiː; ˌɑnfæ`mi/ (French 法) at home; among one's family 在家; 与家人一起: I always enjoy winter evenings spent en famille. 我一向喜欢与家人共度冬宵./ˌɒn ˈmæs; ɑn`mæs/ (French 法) in a mass or crowd; all together 成群; 全体; 一齐; 一起: Individually the children are delightful; en masse they can be unbearable. 孩子们单独时还讨人喜欢, 一多了就受不了了. * The Joneses are coming for lunch en masse  all twelve of them! 琼斯一大家子人都来吃午饭--一共十二口人!/ˌɒn ˈpæsɒn; ˌɑnpɑ`sɑn/ (French 法) in passing; by the way 顺便: He mentioned en passant that he was going away. 他顺便提到他要离开的事./ˌɒn ˈruːt; ɑn`rut/ ~ (from...) (to...); ~ (for...) (French 法) on the way 在路上; 在中途: We stopped at Paris en route from Rome to London. 我们从罗马去伦敦的途中曾在巴黎停留. * They passed through Paris en route for Rome. 他们途经巴黎前往罗马./ˌɒn ˈswiːt; ɑn`swit/ (French 法) (of rooms, etc) forming a single unit （指房间等）构成独立单元: Each bedroom in the hotel has a bathroom en suite. 该旅馆每间卧室都有一洗澡间自成一套.pref 前缀  1 (with ns or vs forming vs 与名词或动词结合构成动词) put into or on 放进; 放上: encase * endanger * empanel.  2 (with adjs or ns forming vs 与形容词或名词结合构成动词) make into; cause to be 变成; 变得; 使成为: enlarge * enrich * empower./ɪˈneɪbl; ɪn`ebl/ v  1 [Cn.t] make (sb) able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means 使（某人）能够做某事物: This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 我用这张通行证坐火车半价. * A rabbit's large ears enable it to hear the slightest sound. 兔子耳朵大能听到极微小的声音.  2 [Tn] make (sth) possible 使（某事）成为可能: The conference will enable greater international co-operation. 这次会议能进一步促进国际间的合作./ɪˈnækt; ɪn`ækt/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) perform (a part, play, etc) on, or as if on, the stage of a theatre 演出（戏剧等）; 展现: a one-act drama enacted by children 儿童演出的独幕剧 * A strange ritual was enacted before our eyes. 在我们眼前展现出一种奇特的仪式.  2 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tf] (fml or law 文或律) make or pass (a decree) 制定或通过（法令）: enacted by Parliament 由议会制定的 * Be it further enacted that... 再进一步规定....n  1 [U] (fml or law 文或律) enacting 演出; 展现; 制定; 规定; 通过: the enactment of the drama 该剧的演出 * the enactment of the new bill 新法案的制定.  2 [C] law 法律; 法令; 法规: The enactment states that... 法律规定..../ɪˈnæml; ɪ`næml/ n [U]  1 glass-like substance used for coating metal, pottery, etc for decoration or as protection 搪瓷; 珐琅; 瓷釉: Some of the enamel on this pan is chipped off. 这平底锅上的搪瓷有些已脱落. * [attrib 作定语] enamel ware, ie manufactured goods such as pots, pans, etc with hard enamel surfaces 搪瓷器皿 * enamel paint, ie paint that dries to make a hard glossy surface 瓷漆.  2 hard outer covering of teeth （牙齿的）珐琅质. =>illus at tooth 见tooth之插图.

v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] cover or decorate (sth) with enamel 给（某物）涂上瓷釉: enamelled jewellery 带瓷釉的首饰./ɪˈnæməd; ɪn`æmɚd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ of/with sth (fml or joc 文或谑) fond of or delighted by sth 喜欢某事物; 倾心于某事物: enamoured of the sound of one's own voice 陶醉于自己的嗓音 * I'm not too enamoured with the idea of spending a whole day with him. 我可不太喜欢一整天都跟他在一起./ɪnˈkæmp; ɪn`kæmp/ v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] settle in camp 扎营; 野营; 露营: The soldiers are encamped in the forest. 士兵在森林里安营. * (fig 比喻) The strikers have been encamping outside the factory for weeks. 罢工者数周来都在工厂外宿营.n place where troops, etc are encamped 部队等的营地./ɪnˈkæpsjʊleɪt; ɪn`kæpsəˌlet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文)  1 enclose sth (as if) in a capsule （似）用胶囊包某物: This story encapsulates scenes from his childhood. 这个故事讲的是他童年的事.  2 express sth briefly; summarize sth 简述某事; 总结某事: The chairman's short statement encapsulates the views of the committee. 主席的简短陈辞概括了委员会的观点./ɪnˈkeɪs; ɪn`kes/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) surround or cover sth (as) with a case （似）将某物置于箱、盒、套等之中: His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他折的腿打上了石膏./ˌenkefəˈlaɪtɪs; ˌɛnsɛfə`laɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the brain 脑炎./ɪnˈtʃɑːnt; <i>US</i> -ˈtʃænt; ɪn`tʃænt/ v [Tn] fill (sb) with great delight 使（某人）极喜悦; 使（某人）陶醉: enchanted by/with the singing of the children被孩子们的歌声迷住./-ɪd; -ɪd/ adj placed under a magic spell 中魔法的: an enchanted garden, eg in a fairy story 施过魔法的花园（如于童话故事中）.n person who enchants 迷人的人; 施魔法的人.adj delightful 令人喜悦的; 迷人的; 可爱的: What an enchanting little girl! 多么可爱的小姑娘! adv.n  1 [U] being enchanted 心醉; 销魂; 着迷.  2 [C] thing that enchants 令人心醉、销魂或着迷之物.  3 [U] delight 乐趣: Dancing has lost all its enchantment for her. 她已完全失去跳舞的乐趣.n / -trIs; -trIs/ woman who enchants or is enchanting 迷人的女子; 施魔法的女子: seduced by an enchantress 受一迷人女子的诱惑./ɪnˈsɜːkl; ɪn`sɝkl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] form a circle round; surround 环绕; 围绕; 包围: a lake encircled by trees 树木环绕着的湖 * enemy troops encircling the town 包围该城的敌军. n [U].abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) enclosed; enclosure (used eg at the end of a letter sent with one)./ˈenkleɪv; `ɛnklev/ n small territory of one state surrounded by that of another 飞地（被他国领土包围的一块领土）: British enclaves in Africa 非洲的英国飞地 * (fig 比喻) Switzerland was an enclave of peace in war-torn Europe. 在饱经战争磨难的欧洲, 瑞士是和平的世外桃源./ɪnˈkləʊz; ɪn`kloz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)  1 (also inclose) put a wall, fence, etc round sth 用墙、篱笆等围住某物: enclose a garden with a wall 在花园周围筑起墙 * an enclosed order of monks, ie one that lives in isolation from the outside world 隐修士团.  2 put sth in an envelope, letter, parcel, etc 将某物放入封套、信件、包裹等中: I'll enclose your letter with mine. 我把你的信装在我的信里. * A cheque for ten pounds is enclosed. 附上一张十英镑的支票. * (fml or commerce 文或商) Enclosed, please find..., ie You will find, enclosed with this... 兹附上..../ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r); ɪn`kloʒɚ/ n  1 (a) [U] enclosing of land 圈地: opposed to the enclosure of common land 反对把公地圈为私有. (b) [C] (also inclosure) piece of land that is enclosed 被圈起的土地: She keeps a horse in that enclosure. 她在那个围栏里养了一匹马. * the members' enclosure, eg at a racecourse 会员座区（如赛马场上的）.  2 [C] thing that is enclosed (esp with a letter) 附件（尤指信内的）: several enclosures in the envelope 装在信封内的几份附件./ɪnˈkəʊd; ɪn`kod/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (a) put (a message, etc) into code 将（信息等）译成代码. (b) (computing 计) put (data) into a coded form for processing by a computer 编码. Cf 参看 decode./enˈkəʊmɪəm; ɛn`komɪəm/ n (pl -miums or  -mia / -mIE; -mIE/) (fml 文) very high praise in speech or writing 极高的赞颂; 推崇; 赞词; 颂词./ɪnˈkʌmpəs; ɪn`kʌmpəs/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 include or comprise sth 包含或包括某事物: The general arts course at the university encompasses a wide range of subjects. 大学文科包括的科目范围很广.  2 (also compass) (dated 旧) surround 包围; 环绕: a lake encompassed by mountains 群山环抱的湖./ˈɒŋkɔː(r); `ɑŋkɔr/ interj (called out by an audience) Again! Repeat!（听众或观众喊出的）再来一个! 再来一次!

n (call for a) repetition (of a song, etc) or a further performance by the same person or people 再演（唱等）（的呼喊）: The violinist got an enthusiastic encore. 听众热情要求小提琴手再演奏一曲. * The group gave three encores. 演出小组应听众之请又演出了三个节目./ɪnˈkaʊntə(r); ɪn`kaᴜntɚ/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临（令人不快的、危险的、困难的...某事[某人]）: I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job. 我开始做这项工作时, 遇到许多困难. * We encountered four enemy aircraft. 我们遇到四架敌机.  2 meet (a friend, etc) unexpectedly 邂逅（友人等）.

n ~ (with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected (esp hostile) meeting 突然的或意外的（尤指敌对的）相遇: an encounter with an enemy 与敌人的遭遇 * I had a brief encounter with an angry client. 我与一个生气的顾客一时发生了冲突./ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ; ɪn`kʌrɪdʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (in sth) give support, confidence or hope to sb 鼓励或支持某人: Don't encourage bad habits in a child. 不要助长孩子的坏习惯. * He felt encouraged by the progress he'd made. 他取得了成绩而欢欣鼓舞. * Her parents encouraged her in her studies. 她的父母鼓励她好好学习. * encourage sb to lose weight 鼓励某人减轻体重.  2 [Tn] help (sth) to develop; stimulate 帮助（某事物）发展; 激励; 促进: encourage exports 促进出口.n ~ (to sb) (to do sth) (a) [U] action of encouraging 鼓励; 支持; 激励; 促进: shouts of encouragement 鼓劲的呼声. (b) [C] thing that encourages 鼓励、支持或促进的事物: The teacher's words were a great encouragement to him. 教师的话对他是极大的鼓舞.adj: encouraging words, news, signs 令人鼓舞的话、消息、迹象 * This year's sales figures are veryencouraging. 今年的销售额很令人鼓舞. adv./ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ; ɪn`krotʃ/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) go beyond what is right or natural or desirable; intrude 超出正当的、自然的或适当的程度; 侵入; 侵害: encroach on sb's property 侵占某人的财产 * encroach on the liberty of the individual 侵犯个人自由 * The sea is gradually encroaching (on the land), ie washing the land away. 海水渐渐浸蚀了陆地.n ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) (a) [U] action of encroaching 侵入; 侵害; 侵占: I resent the encroachment on my time. 我讨厌别人侵占我的时间. (b) [C] thing gained by encroaching 侵占或侵害之物: encroachments made by the sea upon the land 海水对陆地的侵蚀之处./ɪnˈkrʌst; ɪn`krʌst/ v  1 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (a surface) with a crust or thin hard coating, sometimes for decoration 在（表面）覆以薄而硬的壳或外层（有时作为装饰）: a gold vase encrusted with diamonds 镶嵌钻石的金花瓶 * an encrusted wound 结痂的伤口.  2 [I] form into a crust 形成壳或硬皮: Salt from the sea had encrusted on the dry sand. 海水中的盐分在乾燥的沙子上结成硬皮./ɪnˈkʌmbə(r); ɪn`kʌmbɚ/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth)  1 prevent sb/sth from moving or acting freely and easily 阻碍或妨碍某人[某物]自由活动: Travelling is difficult when you're encumbered with two small children and a heavy suitcase. 旅行时带着两个孩子和一个沉重的手提箱, 真是寸步难移. * encumbered with debts 为债务所累.  2 (derog 贬) crowd sth; fill sth up 堆满某物; 充填某物: a room encumbered with old and useless furniture 堆满无用的旧家具的房间./ɪnˈkʌmbrəns; ɪn`kʌmbrəns/ n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担./ɪnˈsɪklɪkl; ɛn`sɪklɪkl/ n letter written by the Pope for wide circulation 教皇通谕./ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪə; ɪnˌsaɪklə`pidɪə/ n book or set of books giving information about every branch of knowledge, or about one particular subject, with articles in alphabetical order 百科全书: an encyclopedia of music 音乐百科全书 * a children's encyclopaedia 儿童百科全书./ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk; ɪnˌsaɪklə`pidɪk/ adj dealing with or having knowledge of a wide variety of subjects; comprehensive 百科全书的; 包含各种学科的; 学识渊博的; 广博的: encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识./end; ɛnd/ n  1 farthest or last part or point (of the length of sth); extreme limit 末端; 尽头; 极限: the end of a road, stick, line 路的终点、棍的顶端、线的末端 * the house at the end of the street 在街道尽头的房屋 * join the end of the queue 站在一排人的最後 * the end of the tunnel 隧道的终点 * the west/east end (ie the parts in the west/east) of a town 城镇的西[东]区 * We've travelled from one end of Britain to the other. 我们已从英国的这一头旅行到另一头. * [attrib 作定语] the end house 最末尾的房子 * the end carriage, ie in a train 末节车厢.  2 final part of sth; finish; conclusion 某事物的最後部分; 结束; 结论; 终结; 终止: at the end of the day, month, year, century, etc 在一日、月、年、世纪等之终结时 * the end of a story 故事的结尾 * He said he'd love her till the end of time, ie for ever. 他说天长地久永远爱她. * the end of an era 一个时代的终结.  3 small piece left over after sth has been used 某物使用後剩下的小块: a cigarette end 香烟头 * candle ends 蜡烛头.  4 (often euph 常作委婉语) death 死亡: He's nearing his end, ie is dying. 他已气息奄奄. * She came to an untimely end, ie died young. 她死的时候很年青.  5 aim or purpose 目的; 目标: gain/win/achieve one's ends 达到目的 * with this end in view/to this end 以此为目标[为达此目的].  6 half of a sports pitch, etc defended or occupied by one team or player （球类比赛场地中的）半场: At half-time the teams changed ends. 比赛进行一半时, 双方交换了场地.  7 part or share (esp of a business, etc) with which a person is concerned 与某人有关的（尤指企业等的）部门或部分: We need someone to handle the marketing end of the business. 我们需要有人管理本公司的销售部. * Are there any problems at your end? 你那部门有问题吗?  8 (idm 习语) at a loose end => loose1. (be) at an end finished 结束; 终结: The war was at an end. 战争结束了. at the ,end of one's `tether having no power, patience, endurance, etc left 已无力量、耐性、耐力等: I've been looking after four young children all day and I really am at the end of my tether! 我整天都在照料四个小孩, 确实已筋疲力尽了! (be) at the end of sth finishing sth; having no more of sth 完成某事物; 已无某事物: at the end of his patience 他已再无耐性. at the ,end of the `day when everything is taken into consideration 把一切都考虑进去: At the end of the day the new manager is no better than the previous one. 从各个方面来看, 这位新经理并不比前任强. at one's wits' end => wit. be at/on the receiving end => receive. be the end (infml 口) be the limit of what one can tolerate; be very bad, annoying, etc 可忍受的极限; 非常糟、令人恼怒等: This is the end  I'm never coming to this hotel again. 可受够了--我再也不到这家旅馆来了. * They really are the end! 他们真令人恼火! the beginning of the end => beginning (begin). bring sth/come/draw to an end (cause sth to) finish, usu after lasting some time （使某事物）结束, 终止（通常为已持续一段时间的）: The battle finally brought the war to an end. 这一仗使这场战争终告结束. * At last the meeting came to an end. 会议终于结束了. burn the candle at both ends => burn2.the business end => business. come to a bad/sticky `end be led by one's actions to ruin, disgrace, punishment, an unpleasant death, etc 遭到报应; 恶有恶报: He'll come to a bad end one of these days. 他总有一天会遭到恶报的. * I like films where the villain comes to a sticky end! 我喜欢恶有恶报的影片! a dead end => dead. an ,end in it`self thing that is considered important in its own right, though possibly originally having another purpose 本身即很重要的事物（可能起初并不为主）: For the old lady buying the daily newspaper soon became an end in itself, since she really just wanted to chat with the shopkeeper. 那老太太每天去买报纸, 不多时便觉乐在其中, 因为她主要是想和店主聊天. the ,end ,justifies the `means (saying 谚) even wrong or unfair methods may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good 只要目的正当, 可以不择手段. (reach) the ,end of the `line/`road (reach) the point at which one does not wish, or cannot bear, to continue in the same way （达到）不希望的或不能容忍的地步: It's sad that they got divorced but they had reached the end of the line together. 他们离婚令人难过, 但双方已达到无法容忍的地步了. (not) the ,end of the `world (not) completely disastrous for sb 对某人（不）是天大的灾难: You must realize that failing one exam is not the end of the world. 你要明白, 一次不及格不是大不了的事. (go to) the ,ends of the `earth (go to) the most remote parts of the world （去）天涯海角: (fig 比喻) I'd go to the ends of the earth to see her again. 哪怕走遍天涯海角, 我也要再次见到她. ,end `on with the ends meeting 两端相遇: The two ships collided end on, ie The front (or back) of one struck the front (or back) of the other. 那两条船两端相撞了. ,end to `end in a line, with the ends touching 首尾相接成一行: arrange the tables end to end 将桌子连接排成一行. get hold of the wrong end of the stick => wrong. go off the deep end => deep1. in the `end at last; finally 终于; 最後: He tried many different jobs; in the end he became a postman. 他做过多种工作, 最後当了邮递员. keep one's `end up (Brit infml 口) continue to be cheerful and play one's part despite difficulties （不顾困难）仍乐观而尽本分, 不泄气. light at the end of the tunnel => light1. make an end of sth (fml 文) finish sth 结束某事物. make (both) ends meet earn enough money to live without getting into debt; balance one's income and expenditure 使收支相抵: Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet. 他们失了业, 还要养活两个小孩, 无法维持起码的生活. make one's hair stand on end => hair. a means to an end => means1. no end of sth (infml 口) very many or much; very great 无数的; 大量的; 巨大的: I've had no end of problems recently. 近来我的问题没完没了. * We had no end of trouble getting them to agree. 我们为让他们同意着实费尽了口舌. not/never hear the end of sth => hear. odds and ends => odds. on `end (a) upright 直立; 竖着: He placed the box on (its) end and sat on it. 他把箱子竖起来, 坐在上面. (b) continuously 连续地: They argued for two hours on end. 他们连续争论了两小时. put an `end to one's life/oneself kill oneself 自杀. put an end/a stop to sth stop sth from happening any more; abolish sth 终止或废止某事物: The government is determined to put an end to terrorism. 政府决心遏止恐怖主义活动. the thin end of the wedge => thin. throw sb in at the deep end => deep1. to the bitter end => bitter. without `end never reaching an end or finishing 无尽的; 无穷的: troubles without end 无穷无尽的烦恼 * world without end 广袤无际的天地.

/end; ɛnd/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）结束, 终止: The road ends here, ie goes no further. 这条路到此为止. * How does this story end? 这故事的结局如何? * They decided to end their relationship. 他们决定结束彼此的关系. * They ended the play with a song. 他们以一首歌曲结束了这出剧.  2 (idm 习语) the be-all and end-all => be1. ,end it `all; ,end one's `life commit suicide 自杀: He was so miserable that he seriously thought about ending it all. 他难受得甚至认真考虑过要自杀. ,end one's `days/`life (in sth) spend the last part of one's life (in a particular state or place) （处于某状况下或在某处）度过余生: The great singer ended his days in poverty. 那位大歌唱家在贫困中度过残生.  3 (phr v) end in sth (a) have sth as its tip or ending 以某事物作为末端或结尾: The word ends in -ous. 此词以-ous结尾. (b) have sth as a result or conclusion 以某事物作为结果或结论: Their long struggle ended in failure. 他们长期斗争终告失败. * The argument ended in tears. 争吵到最後声泪俱下. * The debate ended in uproar. 那场争辩以大吵大闹收场. end sth off (with sth/by doing sth) finish sth (in a suitable or successful way) （妥当地或顺利地）结束某事物: We ended off the meal with coffee and brandy. 我们这顿饭最後喝的是咖啡和白兰地. * He ended off his speech by telling a very funny joke. 他最後讲了一个非常滑稽的笑话结束了讲话. end up reach or come to a certain place, state or action, esp by a lengthy route or process 到达或来到某处, 达到某状态或采取某行动（尤指经一长路程或过程）: If you continue to steal you'll end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱. * After much discussion about holidays abroad we ended up in Cornwall. 我们反覆商量到国外度假的事, 最後决定去康沃尔. * At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 最初他拒不承认有任何责任, 到头来还是道了歉. * If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead. 他照这样开车, 早晚得死于非命.n final product of a manufacturing process 最终产品./ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r); ɪn`dendʒɚ/ v [Tn] cause danger to (sb/sth); put in danger 危及, 危害（某人[某事物]）; 使遭到危险: Smoking endangers your health. 吸烟危害健康. * The giant panda is an endangered species, ie is in danger of becoming extinct. 大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物./ɪnˈdɪə(r); ɪn`dɪr/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself to sb (fml 文) make sb/oneself loved or liked by sb 使某人[自己]受某人喜爱: Her kindness to my children greatly endeared her to me. 她对我的孩子很好, 所以我十分喜爱她. * He managed to endear himself to everybody. 他有办法让大家都喜欢他.adj causing or resulting in affection 使人喜爱的; 讨人喜欢的: an endearing remark, smile, habit 讨人喜欢的话、微笑、习惯. adv.n [C, U] word or expression of affection 爱慕的词语; 亲爱的表示: He whispered endearments in her ear. 他在她耳边说着悄悄话. * `Darling' is a term of endearment. ｀亲爱的＇是亲昵语.v [It] (fml 文) try 努力; 尽力; 力图: They endeavoured to make her happy but in vain. 他们尽量使她快乐, 却徒劳无功./ɪnˈdevə(r); ɪn`dɛvɚ/ n (fml 文) attempt or effort 努力; 尽力: Please make every endeavour to arrive punctually. 请尽量准时到达./enˈdemɪk; ɛn`dɛmɪk/ n, adj [often pred 常作表语] (disease) that is regularly found in a particular country or area, or among a particular group of people 某国家、地区或某部分人中常见的（疾病）; 地方性的（病）: Malaria is endemic in/to many hot countries. 疟疾是热带许多国家的地方病. * (fig 比喻) the violence endemic in the city 该城中肆虐的暴力行为. Cf 参看 epidemic, pandemic.n end, esp of a story, film, play or word 结尾, 结局（尤指故事、电影、戏剧或词语）: a story with a happy ending 结局圆满的故事./ˈendɪv; <i>US</i> -daɪv; `ɛndaɪv/ n [C, U]  1 (US also escarole) type of plant with curly leaves used as salad 莴苣（用作凉菜）.  2 (US) = chicory./ˈendlɪs; `ɛndlɪs/ adj  1 (seemingly) without end （似乎）无止境的; 无穷尽的: endless patience 无限的耐心 * an endless choice of things to do 可做之事数之不尽 * The hours of waiting seemed endless. 等候了很多小时, 似乎无尽无休.  2 (of a belt, chain, cable, etc) with the ends joined; continuous （指带、链、缆等）两端相连的, 循环不断的: wheels in a machine driven by an endless belt 用无极带传动的机器轮子. adv./ɪnˈdɔːs; ɪn`dɔrs/ v [Tn]  1 write one's name on the back of (esp a cheque) 在（尤指支票）的背面签字; 背书.  2 (a) write comments, etc in or on the back of (a document) 在（文件）的背面写评论; 批注（公文）. (b) (Brit) record details of a motoring offence in (a driving licence) 在（驾驶执照上）记录违章事项: He's had his licence endorsed for dangerous driving. 他的驾驶执照上载有危险驾驶记录.  3 give one's (official) approval or support to (a claim, statement, etc) （正式）赞同或支持（某要求、言论等）: I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion of the government's record. 很抱歉, 你对政府功过的看法本人不敢苟同.  4 say in an advertisement that one uses and approves of (a product) 在广告上说本人使用并赞许（某产品）: Well-known sportsmen can earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment. 着名运动员在广告中替厂家宣传运动服装和器械, 可获得巨额报酬.n (a) [U] act of endorsing 背书; 批注; （在执照上的）违章记录; 赞同; 支持: the endorsement of a cheque 支票的背书 * official endorsement of the scheme 对该计划的正式认可. (b) [C] instance of this; statement that endorses 背书; 批注; （在执照上的）违章记录; 赞同; 支持: Her son has had two endorsements for speeding. 她儿子的驾驶执照上有两次超速记录./ɪnˈdaʊ; ɪn`daᴜ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give money, property, etc to provide a regular income for (eg a school, a college) （经常性）资助, 捐助（如学校等）: endow a bed in a hospital 资助医院的一个床位（即经常资助一名住院病人的全部医疗费用）.  2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sb with sth provide sb naturally with (any good quality or ability) 使某人天生具有（任何好的品质或能力）: She's endowed with intelligence as well as beauty. 她生来聪明貌美.n  1 [U] action of endowing （经常的）资助, 捐助: the endowment of many schools by rich former pupils 许多学校经常得到富裕校友的资助.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, property, etc given to provide an income 捐助的财物等: The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. 牛津和剑桥大学有数不清的捐助财物.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] natural talent, quality or ability 天赋; 天资; 才能: Not everyone is born with such endowments as you. 并非所有的人生来都像你这样有天赋. en`dowment policy form of life insurance where a certain sum is paid on a specified date to the insured person or is paid to that person's dependents if he dies before that date 养老保险.n [pl] (usu blank) pages pasted to the inside covers of a book 扉页（书籍封面及封底内侧所贴的衬页, 通常为空白页）./ɪnˈdjuː; <i>US</i> -ˈduː; ɪn`du/ v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sb with sth (fml 文) provide or supply sb with a good quality, ability etc 给予或赋予某人好的品质、能力等: endued with gentleness 天赋的温顺./-rəbl; -rəbl/ adj that can be endured; bearable 可忍耐的; 可忍受的; 可容忍的: He found the boredom scarcely endurable. 他觉得这种厌烦难以忍受./ɪnˈdjʊərəns; <i>US</i> -ˈdʊə-; ɪn`dᴜrəns/ n [U] state or power of enduring 忍耐力: He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness. 他生病的整个阶段都表现出非凡的忍耐力. * His treatment of her was beyond endurance, ie impossible to endure any longer. 他这样对待她是无法忍受的. * [attrib 作定语] The soldiers eventually completed the endurance tests, ie tests of how long they could endure harsh conditions. 士兵们终于完成了耐力测验. * (fig 比喻) Jane's party was more of an endurance test than anything else. 参加简举办的聚会完全是考验耐性./ɪnˈdjʊə(r); <i>US</i> -ˈdʊər; ɪn`dᴜr/ v  1 [I, Tn] suffer or undergo (sth painful or uncomfortable) patiently 忍受; 忍耐: endure toothache 忍受牙痛 * He endured three years in prison for his religious beliefs. 他因其宗教信仰而忍受系狱三年之苦.  2 [Tn, Tt, Tg] (esp in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) bear; tolerate 忍受; 容忍: I can't endure that woman. 我对那个女人忍无可忍. * I can't endure to see/seeing children suffer. 看着儿童受苦, 我可受不了.  3 [I] continue in existence; last 持续; 持久: fame that will endure for ever 将永世长存的声望 * as long as life endures 只要生命犹存 * These traditions have endured throughout the ages. 这些传统世代相传至今.adj continuing in existence; lasting 持续的; 持久的: enduring memories 永存的记忆 * an enduring peace 持久的和平 * Her influence was the most enduring of all. 她的影响是最持久的. adv./ˈendweɪz; `ɛndˌwez/ (also endwise / 5endwaIz; `Znd9waIz/) adv  1 with the end facing forwards 末端向前: The bed was pushed endways into the bedroom. 这张床已尾端朝前推入了卧室.  2 end to end 两端相接地: The child put the toy cars together endways. 孩子将玩具汽车两端相连摆在一起./ˈenɪmə; `ɛnəmə/ n  1 injection of liquid into the rectum by means of a syringe (eg to clean out the bowels before an operation) 灌肠（如手术前）: give a patient an enema 给病人灌肠.  2 liquid used for this 灌肠剂./ˈenəmɪ; `ɛnəmɪ/ n  1 [C] person who strongly dislikes or wants to injure or attack sb/sth 敌人; 仇人; 仇敌: Jane and Sarah used to be friends but now they are bitter enemies, ie of each other. 简和萨拉以前是朋友而现在是死对头. * His arrogance made him many enemies, ie made many people hate him. 他妄自尊大, 树敌很多.  2 (a) the enemy [Gp] (armed) forces of a nation, side, etc with which one's country, side, etc is at war 敌军: an encounter with the enemy 与敌军的遭遇战 * The enemy was/were forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了. * [attrib 作定语] enemy forces, aircraft, ships, etc 敌军、敌机、敌舰等 * enemy propaganda 敌方的宣传. (b) [C] member of such a hostile force 敌兵.  3 [C] anything that harms or weakens 危害或削弱之物: Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress. 贫穷和愚昧是进步的敌人.  4 (idm 习语) one's own worst enemy => worst. carry the war into the enemy's camp => carry./ˌenəˈdʒetɪk; ˌɛnɚ`dʒɛtɪk/ full of or done with energy(1) 精力充沛的; 充满活力的: an energetic child 精力旺盛的孩子 * take some energetic exercise 做些剧烈的锻炼. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.=> energize/ˈenədʒaɪz; `ɛnəˌdʒaɪz/ v [Tn] (a) give energy to (sb/sth) 给与（某人[某物]）精力, 能量. (b) cause electricity to flow to (a device) 使电流入（一装置）./ˈenədʒɪ; `ɛnɚdʒɪ/ n  1 [U] ability to act or work with strength and eagerness 精力; 干劲: She's full of energy. 她精力充沛. * His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲. * It's a waste of time and energy. 那简直是浪费时间和精力.  2 energies [pl] person's powers available for working or other activities 精力; 活力: I must concentrate my energies on decorating today. 我今天必须集中精力搞装饰. * apply/devote all one's energies to a task 全力以赴.  3 [U] (physics 物) ability of matter or radiation to do work because of its motion or its mass or its electric charge, etc 能; 能量: nuclear energy 核能 * electrical energy 电能 * kinetic energy 动能.  4 [U] fuel and other resources used for operating machinery, etc 能源: It is important to conserve energy. 节省能源十分重要. * [attrib 作定语] an energy crisis, eg when sources of energy are scarce or unavailable 能源危机./ˈenəveɪt; `ɛnɚˌvet/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose strength or energy 使（某人）失去力量或精力; 使衰弱: an enervating climate 使人无精打彩的气候 * a long, enervating illness 长期而使人衰弱的病./ˌɒnfɒn teˈriːbl; ˌɑnfɑntɛ`ribl/ (pl enfants terribles / 9CnfCn te5ri:bl; 9BnfBntZ`ribl/) (French often joc 法, 常作戏谑语) (esp young) person whose behaviour, ideas, etc annoy, shock or embarrass those with more conventional opinions （行为、想法等）使常人不悦、震惊或受窘的人（尤指年轻人）: Her advanced ideas have made her the enfant terrible of the art world. 她一味标新立异, 在艺术界堪称一怪./ɪnˈfiːbl; ɪn`fibl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) make weak or feeble 使衰弱; 使无力: enfeebled by a long illness 因长期患病而虚弱无力./ɪnˈfəʊld; ɪn`fold/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) (fml 文) enclose sb/sth, esp in one's arms; clasp or embrace sb/sth 围住、圈起某人[某物]; 抱紧、拥抱某人[某物]: He enfolded the child in an affectionate embrace. 他疼爱那孩子而紧紧搂在怀里./ɪnˈfɔːs; ɪn`fɔrs/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effective 强迫人服从（法律等）; 使某事物生效; 实施; 执行: The police are there to enforce the law. 有警方管执法.  2 [Tn] make (sth) happen or bring (sth) about by force 迫使（某事）发生: enforced silence, discipline, idleness 被迫的沉默、强迫执行的纪律、被迫的无事可做.  3 [Tn] give greater force or strength to (an argument, a belief, etc) 加强（某论点、信念等）: Have you any statistics that would enforce your argument? 你有没有支持自己论点的统计数字?/-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be enforced 可强迫的; 可实施的; 可强制执行的; 可加强的: Such a strict law is not easily enforceable. 这样严竣的法令不易实施.n [U] enforcing or being enforced 强制; 实施; 执行; 加强: strict enforcement of a new law 新法令的强制执行./ɪnˈfræntʃaɪz; ɪn`fræntʃaɪz/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文)  1 give (sb) political rights, esp the right to vote at parliamentary elections给予（某人）政治权利（尤指议会选举权）: In Britain women were enfranchised in 1918. 1918年英国妇女获得议会选举权.  2 set free (slaves) 解放（奴隶）. /ɪnˈfræntʃɪzmənt; ɪn`fræntʃɪzmənt/ n [U].abbr 缩写 =  1 engineer(ing): Tim Dale BSc (Eng) 蒂姆·戴尔理科学士（工程学）.  2 England; English./ɪnˈgeɪdʒ; ɪn`ˇedʒ/ v  1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) (fml 文) arrange to employ sb; hire sb 聘用某人; 雇用某人: engage a new secretary 聘用一新秘书 * He's been engaged to decorate the house. 他受雇装饰这所房子. * She was engaged as an interpreter. 她应聘当译员.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) occupy or attract (sb's thoughts, time, etc) 占用（某人的时间）; 吸引（某人的注意力等）: Nothing engages his attention for long. 什么事都无法使他长时间精神集中. * The woman's plight engaged our sympathy. 那女人的困难处境引起我们的同情.  3 [I, Tn] (fml 文) begin fighting with (sb) 与（某人）交战: Our orders are to engage (the enemy) immediately. 我们的命令是立即（与敌军）开战. * The two armies were fiercely engaged for several hours. 两军激战达数小时.  4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of parts of a machine, etc) lock or fit together （指机器零件等）啮合, 衔接: The two cog-wheels engaged and the machine started. 那两个齿轮一啮合, 机器就启动了. * One cog-wheel engages with another. 一齿轮与另一齿轮啮合. (b) [Tn] cause (parts of a machine, etc) to lock together or fit into each other 使（机器零件等）啮合, 衔接: engage the clutch/first gear, eg in a car, when driving 使离合器啮合[挂一挡]（如开车时）.  5 [Tt] (dated fml 旧, 文) bind oneself by a promise; guarantee 允诺; 答应; 保证: a lawyer engaged to undertake the sale of the house immediately 受聘将房子立即出售的律师.  6 (phr v) engage (sb) in sth (cause sb to) take part in or be occupied in sth （使某人）参加某事或从事某事: I have no time to engage in gossip. 我无暇闲聊. * be engaged in politics, business 从政、做生意 * I engaged him in conversation. 我让他加入谈话.adj [usu pred 通常作表语]  1 (of a person) busy; occupied （指人）忙着, 时间占用着: I can't come to dinner on Tuesday; I'm otherwise engaged, ie I've already arranged to do something else. 我星期二不能来参加宴会, 我有别的事.  2 (Brit) (US busy) (of a telephone line) in use （指电话线）使用着, 占线: Sorry! That number's engaged. 对不起! 这个号码现在占线. * [attrib 作定语] the engaged tone/signal, ie sound that tells the caller that the telephone line is engaged 占线声[占线信号].  3 ~ (to sb) (of a person or two people) having agreed to marry （指一人或两人）已订婚: She's engaged to Peter. 她与彼得订了婚. * They're engaged (to be married), ie to each other. 他们俩订婚了. * We've just got engaged. 我们刚刚订婚. * [attrib 作定语] an engaged couple. 已订婚的双方.  4 (a) (esp of a toilet) occupied; already in use （尤指厕所）占用着, 使用着. (b) (of seats, tables, etc) reserved for later use （指座位、桌子等）预订./ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt; ɪn`ˇedʒmənt/ n  1 [C] agreement to marry 订婚: Their engagement was announced in the local paper. 他们订婚的消息已登在当地报纸上.  2 [C] arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or do sth at a fixed time; appointment 约会: I have several engagements for next week. 我下周有几个约会. * The orchestra has several concert engagements. 这管弦乐队已安排好几场音乐会.  3 [C] (fml 文) formal promise or guarantee, esp in writing 正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式）: He doesn't have enough money to meet all his engagements, ie to make the payments he has promised to make. 他无钱偿付承诺的一切债务.  4 [C] (fml 文) battle 战斗; 交战: The general tried to avoid an engagement with the enemy. 那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战.  5 [U] arrangement to employ; action of engaging 聘用的事宜; 雇用的行动: the engagement of three new assistants 聘用三名新助手的事.  6 [U] action or result of engaging (parts of a machine, etc) （机器零件等）啮合的动作或结果: after engagement of the clutch 离合器啮合後.ring (usu containing precious stones) that a man gives to a woman when they agree to marry 订婚戒指（通常有宝石）.adj likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming 吸引注意力的; 迷人的: an engaging smile, manner, person 迷人的微笑、姿态、人. adv./ɪnˈdʒendə(r); ɪn`dʒɛndɚ/ v [Tn] (fml 文) be the cause of (a situation or condition) 产生（某形势或状况）; 造成; 引起: Some people believe poverty engenders crime. 有人认为贫困生罪恶./ˈendʒɪn; `ɛndʒən/ n  1 machine with moving parts that converts energy such as heat, electricity, etc into motion 发动机; 引擎: This car has a new engine. 这辆汽车的发动机是新的. * a steam/diesel/petrol engine 蒸汽[柴油/汽油]发动机.  2 (also locomotive) machine that pulls or pushes a railway train 机车; 火车头: I prefer to sit (ie in a railway carriage) facing the engine. 我喜欢面朝机车坐（在火车车厢里）.  3 (arch 古) machine or instrument 机器; 工具: engines of war, eg cannons 战争工具（如大炮） * siege engines 攻城器械.n (Brit) (US engineer) person who drives a railway engine 火车司机./ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r); ˌɛndʒə`nɪr/ n  1 person who designs, builds or maintains engines, machines, bridges, railways, mines, etc 工程师; 建筑师; 机械师: a civil/mining/electrical/mechanical engineer 土木[采矿/电气/机械]工程师.  2 skilled person who controls an engine or engines, esp on a ship or aircraft 操纵发动机的技师（尤指轮船或飞机上的）: the chief engineer on a cruise liner 游轮的轮机长.  3 (US) = engine-driver (engine).  4 soldier trained to design and build military works 工兵: He's in the Royal Engineers, ie a branch of the British Army. 他在皇家工兵部队服役（英国陆军的兵种）.

v [Tn]  1 (infml derog 口, 贬) arrange or cause (sth), esp by cunning or secret means 安排或策动（某事物）（尤指用狡猾或秘密手段）; 策划: His enemies engineered his downfall. 他的仇敌图谋把他搞垮. * engineer a plot, scheme, revolt, etc 策划阴谋、诡计、反叛等.  2 build or control (sth) as an engineer 建造或操纵（某事物）./ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ; ˌɛndʒə`nɪrɪŋ/ n [U] (a) practical application of scientific knowledge in the design, construction and control of machines, public services such as roads, bridges, etc, electrical apparatus, chemicals, etc 工程: civil/electrical/chemical/mechanical engineering 土木[电气/化学/机械]工程 * The new bridge is a triumph of engineering. 这座新桥是建筑工程的硕果. (b) work, science or profession of an engineer 工程; 工程学; 工程师行业: She's studying engineering at university. 她正在大学学习工程学. * [attrib 作定语] an engineering degree 工程学学位./ˈɪŋglɪʃ; `ɪŋˇlɪʃ/ n  1 [U] the language of England, used in Britain, most countries in the British Commonwealth, the USA and some other countries 英语; 英文: He speaks excellent English. 他英语说得好极了. * I must work to improve my English. 我必须努力提高英语水平.  2 the English [pl v] the people of England (sometimes wrongly used to mean the British, ie to include the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish) 英格兰人（有时误用以指英国人, 即除英格兰人外还包括苏格兰人、威尔士人、爱尔兰人）.  3 (idm 习语) in plain English => plain. the King's/Queen's `English good, correct standard English 纯正标准的英语: She speaks a dialect, not the Queen's English. 她说一口方言, 不是标准英语.

adj  1 of England or its people 英格兰的; 英格兰人的; 英国的; 英国人的: the English countryside 英国乡村 * English characteristics 英国人的特性 * He is very English in his attitudes. 他的态度英国味十足.  2 [attrib 作定语] of, written in, or spoken in the English language 英语的; 用英语写的; 用英语说的: He's studying English literature. 他在研究英国文学.breakfast usu consisting of cereals, cooked bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, and tea or coffee 英国式早餐（通常包括麦片类、熏猪肉片、鸡蛋、烤面包片、果酱及茶或咖啡）. Cf 参看 continental breakfast (continent1)./-mən; -mən/ (pl -men), Englishwoman (pl -women) ns  1 person born in England or one whose parents are English or one who has become an English citizen 英格兰人; 英国人.  2 (idm 习语) an ,Englishman's ,home is his `castle (saying 谚) an English person's home is a place where he may be private and safe and do as he wishes 英国人的家就是城堡（为私人随心所欲的安全天地）./ɪnˈgreɪv; ɪn`ˇrev/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ B on A/~ A (with B) cut or carve (words, designs, etc) on (a hard surface) 在（硬物）上雕刻（字、画等）: His initials were engraved on the cigarette case. 他姓名的首字母刻在香烟盒上. * The cigarette case was engraved with his initials. 这香烟盒上刻着他姓名的首字母. * engraving a design on a metal plate, eg for printing 在金属板上雕一图案（如用以印刷）.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth on sth (fig 比喻) impress sth deeply on (the memory or mind) 将某事物深深留在（记忆或头脑中）; 牢记; 铭记: Memories of that terrible day are forever engraved on my mind. 那可怕的一天永远留在我的记忆中.n person who engraves designs, etc on stone, metal, etc 雕刻师; 刻板工人./ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ; ɪn`ˇrevɪŋ/ n  1 [U] art of cutting or carving designs on metal, stone, etc 雕刻术; 刻板术.  2 [C] picture printed from an engraved metal plate 版画: I bought an old engraving of the High Street. 我买了一张｀大街＇的旧版画./ɪnˈgrəʊs; ɪn`ˇros/ v [Tn]  1 (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) occupy all the time or attention of (sb) 占去某人的全部时间或注意力; 使全神贯注: be engrossed in one's work 全神贯注于工作 * an engrossing story 引人入胜的故事.  2 (law 律) write (eg a legal document) in large letters or in formal legal style 以大字体或以正式法律文体写（如法律文件）./ɪnˈgʌlf; ɪn`ˇʌlf/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) (of the sea, flames, etc) surround (sth) or cause (sth) to disappear; envelop （指海洋、火焰等）包围（某物）或使（某物）消失; 包住; 吞没: a boat engulfed in/by the waves 被浪涛吞没的小船 * (fig 比喻) engulfed in silence, misery 陷入寂静、痛苦之中./ɪnˈhɑːns; <i>US</i> -ˈhæns; ɪn`hæns/ v [Tn] increase (the good qualities of sb/sth); make (sb/sth) look better 增强（某人[某事物]的优点）; 使（某人[某事物]）看起来更好; 提高; 美化: enhance the status, reputation, position, etc of sb 提高某人的身分、声望、地位 * Those clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance. 她穿那些衣服也并没显得更漂亮.n (a) [U] action of enhancing 增强; 提高; 美化. (b) [C] thing that enhances 用以增强、提高或美化之物./ɪˈnɪgmə; ɪ`nɪˇmə/ n question, person, thing, circumstance, etc that is difficult to understand; mystery 难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等; 奥秘: I've known him for many years, but he remains something of an enigma to me. 我与他相识多年, 他仍然难以捉摸./ˌenɪgˈmtɪk; ˌɛnɪˇ`mætɪk/ adj difficult to understand; mysterious 难以理解的; 神秘的: an enigmatic character, smile, statement 莫名其妙的性格、微笑、说法. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ɪnˈdʒɔɪn; ɪn`dʒɔɪn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (on sb) (fml or law 文或律) impose (an action or prohibition) on sb; order 将（一行动或禁令）强施于某人; 命令: He enjoined obedience on his followers. 他强迫随从服从. * The leader enjoined that the rules should be obeyed. 那位领导人命令必须遵守这些规则./ɪnˈdʒɔɪ; ɪn`dʒɔɪ/ v  1 [Tn, Tg] get pleasure from 从...获得乐趣: I enjoyed that meal. 我很喜欢那顿饭. * She enjoys playing tennis. 她喜好打网球.  2 [Tn] have (sth) as an advantage or a benefit 享有（某事物）: enjoy good health, a high standard of living, great prosperity, etc 享有健康、高生活水平、巨大成功等之福 * Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利.  3 (idm 习语) en`joy oneself experience pleasure; be happy 感到快乐; 过得愉快: He enjoyed himself at the party. 他在聚会上非常愉快. * The children enjoyed themselves playing in the water. 孩子们在水中玩得很高兴. * I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚过得愉快./-əbl; -əbl/ adj giving joy; pleasant 使人愉快的; 令人快乐的: an enjoyable weekend 愉快的周末 * The film was quite enjoyable. 这部电影很有趣. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt; ɪn`dʒɔɪmənt/ n  1 [U] pleasure; satisfaction 愉快; 欢乐; 乐趣; 满意: He spoiled my enjoyment of the film by talking all the time. 他一直说话, 影响了我看电影的兴致. * live only for enjoyment 只为享乐活着.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing that gives pleasure or joy 令人愉快的事物; 乐事: Gardening is one of her chief enjoyments. 园艺工作是她的主要乐趣之一.  3 [U] (fml 文) possession and use 享有; 使用: the enjoyment of equal rights 享有平等权利./ɪnˈkɪndl; ɛn`kɪndl/ v [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) cause (flames, passion, etc) to flare up 使（火焰、激情等）燃起. (b) inflame (sb) with passion, etc; arouse 使（某人）激动等; 引起; 唤起; 激起./ɪnˈlɑːdʒ; ɪn`lɑrdʒ/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become larger （使某物）变大; 扩大; 增大: I want to enlarge the lawn. 我想把草坪扩大. (b) [Tn] reproduce (esp a photograph) on a larger scale 放大（尤指照片）: The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged. 警方把失踪姑娘的照片放大了.  2 [Ipr] ~ on sth say or write more about sth; add detail to sth 详述或详写某事; 增加某事的细节: Can you enlarge on what has already been said? 你能把所说的事再详尽地说说吗?n  1 [U] action of enlarging or being enlarged 扩大; 放大: He's working on the enlargement of the business. 他正在努力扩展业务.  2 [C] thing that has been enlarged, esp a photograph 已扩大或放大之物（尤指照片）: enlargements of the wedding photographs 婚礼照片的放大照片. Cf 参看 reduction.n apparatus for making photographic enlargements （照片）放大机./ɪnˈlaɪtn; ɪn`laɪtn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as to sth) give more knowledge or information to sb; free sb from false beliefs or ignorance 启发、启迪、教导或开导某人: Can you enlighten me as to (ie help me to understand better) the new procedure? 你能给我讲讲这新程序吗?adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] free from prejudice, ignorance, superstition, etc 摆脱偏见、无知、迷信等的; 开明的; 有知识的: in these enlightened days 在这开明的时代 * enlightened opinions, attitudes, ideas, etc 有见识的意见、开明的态度、进步的想法 * an enlightened approach to teaching 启发式教学法.n [U] (fml 文)  1 act of enlightening or state of being enlightened 启发; 开导; 开明; 文明: The teacher's attempts at enlightenment failed; I remained as confused as before. 老师虽尽力开导却劳而无功, 我仍像以前一样糊涂. * In an age of enlightenment such cruelty is unforgivable. 在文明时代, 这么残忍是不能宽恕的.  2 the Enlightenment period in the 18th century in Europe when some thinkers and writers believed that reason and science, not religion, would advance human progress （18世纪欧洲的）启蒙运动./ɪnˈlɪst; ɪn`lɪst/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (in/for sth); ~ (sb) (as sth)  1 enter or cause (sb) to enter the armed forces 参军; 从军; 使（某人）入伍: Have you enlisted yet? 你参军了吗? * He enlisted as a soldier in the army as soon as he was old enough. 他年龄一到就入伍当兵了. * They enlisted four hundred recruits for the navy. 他们为海军徵募了四百名新兵.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/for sth) obtain (help, support, etc) 得到（帮助、支持等）: I've enlisted the co-operation of most of my neighbours in my campaign. 我在这一活动中得到邻里多数人的支持. * Can I enlist your help in raising the money? 你能在我的筹款中赞助一些钱吗? (b) [Tn, Cn.t] get the support or help of (sb) 获得（某人）的支持或帮助: We've enlisted a few volunteers to help clean the hall. 我们已经找到几个人自愿协助打扫大厅. * Sarah has been enlisted to organize the party. 萨拉已应邀组织这一聚会.(esp US) soldier, sailor or airman below a non-commissioned officer in rank 士兵.n  1 [U] enlisting or being enlisted 应徵入伍; 徵募; 获得; 取得.  2 [C] instance of this 应徵入伍; 徵募; 获得; 取得./ɪnˈlaɪvn; ɪn`laɪvən/ v [Tn] make (sb/sth) more lively or cheerful 使（某人[某事物]）更活跃或更愉快: How can we enliven this party? 我们怎样使这聚会热闹些呢?/ɪnˈmeʃ; ɪn`mɛʃ/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (usu fig 通常作比喻) entangle (as) in a net 使（似）陷入网中: He was enmeshed in a web of deceit and lies. 他陷入坑　拐骗的圈套./ˈenmətɪ; `ɛnmətɪ/ n [U, C] condition or feeling of being an enemy; hostility 敌意; 仇恨; 不和; 作对: I don't understand his enmity towards his parents. 我不理解他为什么怨恨自己的父母. * Personal enmities must be forgotten at a time of national crisis. 民族危机当头, 必须捐弃个人恩怨./ɪˈnəʊbl; ɪ`nobl/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (sb) a member of the nobility 使（某人）成为贵族.  2 (fig 比喻) make (sb) dignified or more honourable 使（某人）高贵或崇高: In a strange way she seemed ennobled by the grief she had experienced. 她因历经艰辛而似乎出奇地备受敬重. n [U]./ɒˈnwiː; `ɑnwi/ n [U] weariness of mind caused by lack of anything interesting or exciting to do; feeling of boredom 倦怠; 无聊: Since losing his job, he has often experienced a profound sense of ennui. 他自从失业以来, 常觉百无聊赖./ɪˈnɔːmətɪ; ɪ`nɔrmətɪ/ n  1 [U] great wickedness 极恶; 凶恶: The enormity of the crime has shocked even experienced policemen. 这件罪行极端凶残, 连经历丰富的警察都感震惊.  2 [C, usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) serious crime 严重罪行: Such enormities would not be tolerated today. 这种严重罪行今日是不能容忍的.  3 [U] (infml 口) immense size; enormousness 巨大; 极大: the enormity of the task of feeding all the famine victims 为全部饥民提供粮食的巨大任务./ɪˈnɔːməs; ɪ`nɔrməs/ adj very large; immense 巨大的; 极大的: an enormous amount of money 巨款 * an enormous house 巨大的房子.adv to a very great extent 在极大程度上: enormously rich 极富有 * My tastes have changed enormously over the years. 几年来我的爱好有了很大改变. * I'm enormously grateful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助.n [U]./ɪˈnʌf; ɪ`nʌf/ indef det (used in front of a plural n or a [U] n 用于复数名词或不可数名词前) ~ sth (for sb/sth); ~ sth (for sb) to do sth as many or as much of sth as necessary; sufficient 足够的; 充足的: Have you made enough copies? 你复制的份数够吗? * Have we got enough sandwiches for lunch? 我们午饭的三明治够吃吗? * Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了. * I've got enough money to pay for a taxi. 我的钱够付计程车费的. * There isn't enough space for my address. 我写地址的地方不够. * (dated 旧) There's food enough on the table. 桌上的食物足够吃. * We have time enough to get to the airport. 我们来得及赶到机场.

indef pron  1 as many or as much as necessary 充分; 足够: Six bottles of wine will be enough. 六瓶葡萄酒就够了. * Is 100 enough for all your expenses? 100英镑够你的全部开销吗? * I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show. 我希望你们中能有足够的人手准备协助这场演出. * They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room. 他们能省出的家具足够装满一间屋子.  2 (idm 习语) e,nough is e`nough (saying 谚) it is unnecessary and possibly harmful to say or do more 适可而止. have had e`nough (of sth/sb) be unable or unwilling to tolerate sth/sb any more 不能或不愿再容忍某事物[某人]: After three years without promotion he decided he'd had enough and resigned. 他三年未获提升, 认为已受够了, 便辞了职. * I've had enough of her continual chatter. 我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈. * I'm surprised you haven't had enough of him yet  I found him very boring. 你对他还没有受够, 我很惊讶--我觉得他很烦人.

/ɪˈnʌf; ɪ`nʌf/ adv (used after vs, adjs and advs 用于动词、形容词和副词之後)  1 ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/for doing sth) to a satisfactory degree; sufficiently 达到满意的程度; 足够地; 充足地: You don't practise enough at the piano. 你钢琴弹奏练习得不够. * Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗? * At 14 you aren't old enough to buy alcohol. 你才14岁, 不到买酒的年龄. * She isn't good enough for (ie to pass) the exam. 她功课不够好, 考不及格. * I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it. 但愿你能写得清楚点, 我们好能看明白.  2 (used to suggest that sth only deserves slight praise 用于表示某事物只值得略加赞扬) to a significant extent; fairly 达到一定的程度; 相当: She plays well enough for a beginner. 对于初学者说来, 她弹奏得已相当不错了.  3 (idm 习语) curiously, oddly, strangely, etc enough it is very curious, etc that... 稀奇的是...: Strangely enough, I said the same thing to my wife only yesterday. 说也奇怪, 我就在昨天也同妻子谈到这件事. fair enough => fair2. sure enough => sure.= inquire, inquiry.=> enquire/ɪnˈreɪdʒ; ɪn`redʒ/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (sb) very angry 使（某人）非常愤怒; 激怒; 触怒: enraged at/by sb's stupidity 因某人的愚蠢而愤怒 * His arrogance enraged her. 他很傲慢, 她为此十分恼怒./ɪnˈræptʃə(r); ɪn`ræptʃɚ/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) fill (sb) with great delight or joy 使（某人）非常喜悦或快乐: We were enraptured by the view of the mountains. 我们看到山峦景色, 心花怒放./ɪnˈrɪtʃ; ɪn`rɪtʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth)  1 make sb/sth rich or richer 使某人[某事物]富裕或更富裕: a nation enriched by the profits from tourism 因旅游业的赢利而富裕起来的国家.  2 improve the quality, flavour, etc of sth 改善某事物的质量、味道等: soil enriched with fertilizer 因施肥而肥沃的土壤* Reading enriches the mind. 读书可以充实头脑.n [U]./ɪnˈrəʊl; ɪn`rol/ v (-ll-) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (in/as sth) become or make (sb) a member (of sth) 成为或使（某人）成为（某组织的）成员; 登记; 注册: enrol in evening classes 注册上晚间课程班 * enrol new students 招收新生 * We enrolled him as a member of the society. 我们吸收他为会员.n (a) [U] enrolling or being enrolled 登记; 注册; 入伍; 入会; 入学: the enrolment of five new members 五名新成员的注册. (b) [C] number of people enrolled 注册; 入会; 入学等的人数: This school has an enrolment of 800 pupils. 这所学校有800名学生注册.abbr 缩写 = Ensign: Ens (Peter) Dwyer 海军少尉（彼得）德怀尔./ɪnˈskɒns; ɪn`skɑns/ v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ oneself/sb in sth (fml or joc 文或谑) establish or settle oneself in a safe, secret, comfortable, etc place 使自己定居或安顿在安全、秘密、舒适等的地方: happily ensconced by the fire with a good book 舒适地坐在火炉旁, 读着一本好书 * We have ensconced ourselves in the most beautiful villa in the South of France. 我们在法国南部最美丽的别墅里安顿下来./ɒnˈsɒmbl; ɑn`sɑmbl/ n  1 thing viewed as a whole; general effect 整体; 总效果: The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble. 这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐.  2 complete matching set of (esp women's) clothes designed to be worn together 全套服装（尤指女装）: A pair of white shoes completed the striking ensemble. 一双白鞋配这套醒目的服装已完美无缺了.  3 (a) passage of music in which all the performers play or sing together 合奏; 合唱. (b) group of musicians (smaller than an orchestra) who play together regularly 合奏组（比管弦乐队小）: a woodwind ensemble 木管乐器合奏组./ɪnˈʃraɪn; ɪn`ʃraɪn/ v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) place or keep sth (in, or as if in, a shrine or holy place) 放置或保存某物（于神龛或圣地）: relics enshrined in a casket 在小箱中保存的遗物 * memories enshrined in the heart 珍藏于心中的记忆. (b) [Tn] serve as a shrine for (sth) 作为神龛以保存（某物）: The constitution enshrines the basic rights of all citizens. 宪法中神圣地记载着全体公民的基本权利./ɪnˈʃraʊd; ɪn`ʃraᴜd/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (fml 文) cover completely; hide from view 掩盖; 遮蔽; 隐蔽: hills enshrouded in mist 薄雾笼罩的群山 * His background is enshrouded in mystery. 他的来历背後有一层神秘的色彩./ˈensən; `ɛnsn/ n  1 (a) (esp naval) flag or banner （尤指海军的）旗, 旗帜. (b) (Brit) special form of the national flag flown by ships （船上挂的特种的）国旗: the red/white/blue ensign 英国商船旗[英国皇家海军旗/英国海军预备舰队旗].  2 (US) officer of the lowestrank in the navy 海军少尉. =>App 9 见附录9.  3 / 5ensaIn;`ZnsaIn/ (Brit) (formerly) infantry officer who carried the regimental flag （旧时）（陆军团的）掌旗官./ɪnˈsleɪv; ɪn`slev/ v [Tn] (often fig 常作比喻) make a slave of (sb) 使某人成为奴隶: Her beauty enslaved many young men. 她的美貌倾倒了很多青年男子. n [U]./ɪnˈsneə(r); ɪn`snɛr/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (often fig 常作比喻) catch sb/sth in, or as if in, a trap or snare 用陷阱或圈套捕捉某人[某物]: ensnared by love 陷入情网 * ensnare a rich husband 千方百计嫁予富翁./ɪnˈsjuː; <i>US</i> -ˈsuː; ɪn`su/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) happen afterwards or as a result; follow 继而发生;因而产生; 接着: Bitter arguments ensued from this misunderstanding. 这一误会引发了激烈的争论. * in the ensuing (ie following) debate 在随後的辩论中./ɪnˈʃɔː(r); <i>US</i> ɪnˈʃʊər; ɪn`ʃᴜr/ v  1 [Tn, Tf] make sure; guarantee 确保; 保证; 担保: The book ensured his success. 那本书确定了他的成就. * Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉.  2 [Dn.n] make (sb) certain to get (sth); assure 使（某人）一定得到（某事物）; 保证得到: These pills should ensure you a good night's sleep. 服下这些药丸可保你睡一宿好觉./ˌiː en ˈtiː; ˌi ɛn `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) ear, nose and throat 耳鼻喉: an ENT specialist 耳鼻喉专家./ɪnˈteɪl; ɪn`tel/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) necessary; involve 使（某事物）必要; 牵涉: This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力. * That will entail an early start tomorrow morning. 那就需要明晨很早动身.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) (law 律) leave (land) to a line of heirs in such a way that none of them can give it away or sell it 限定（地产）继承人: The house and estate are entailed on the eldest daughter. 这所房子和地产限定由长女继承. * He would have sold the property long ago had it not been entailed. 这些财产若非限定继承的话, 他早就卖掉了.

n (law 律) (a) [U] practice of entailing (entail 2) land （地产的）限定继承. (b) [C] entailed property 限定继承的财产./ɪnˈtæŋgl; ɪn`tæŋˇl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth/oneself (in/among/with sth)  1 cause sb/sth/oneself to become twisted, tangled or caught (in sth) 使某人[某物/自己]缠绕, 纠缠于（某物中）: The bird got entangled in the wire netting. 鸟被金属网缠住. * a fishing line entangled among the weeds 与杂草缠在一起的钓鱼线 * Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush. 她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了.  2 (fig 比喻) involve sb/oneself (in difficulties or complicated circumstances) 使某人[自己]陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）: become entangled in money problems 陷入金钱问题之中.n  1 [U] entangling or being entangled 缠住; 纠缠.  2 [C] (often pl 常作复数) situation that entangles 引起纠缠的情况; 纠纷: entanglements with the police 与警方的纠缠 * emotional entanglements 感情纠葛.  3 entanglements [pl] (military 军) barrier of stakes and barbed wire to impede an enemy's advance （阻止敌人前进的）铁丝网./ɒnˈtɒnt; ɑn`tɑnt/ n (a) [C, U] friendly understanding, esp between countries 相互谅解（尤指两国间）. (b) [CGp] group of two or more countries having such an understanding between them 相互谅解的国家./ˌkɔːdɪˈɑːl; kɔr`djɑl/ entente between two governments, esp between those of Britain and France 两政府间的相互谅解（尤指英国与法国间）./ˈentə(r); `ɛntɚ/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] come or go in or into (sth) 进来; 进去; 进入（某物）中: Don't enter without knocking. 进屋前先敲门. * enter a room 进屋 * The train entered the tunnel. 火车进了隧道. * Where did the bullet enter the body? 子弹是从身体的什么地方射入的? (b) [I] come or go onto a stage 登台; 上场: Enter Hamlet/Hamlet enters, eg stage directions in a printed play 哈姆雷特上场（如剧本的舞台说明）.  2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] become a member of (sth); gain admission to (sth) 成为（某组织）的成员; 得到进入（某组织）的允许: enter a school, college, university, etc 考上学校、学院、大学等 * enter the Army/Navy/Air Force 参加陆军[海军/空军] * enter a profession 从事一职业 * enter the Church, ie become a priest 成为牧师.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (in sth) record (names, details, etc) in a book, computer, etc: register sth （在册子等上）记录名字、细节等; 登记某事物: I haven't entered your name and occupation yet. 我尚未记下你的名字和职业. * All expenditure must be entered (up) in the account book. 一切开支必须入帐.  4 (Tn) declare that one will take part in (a competition, etc) 报名参加（比赛等）: enter a race, an examination 报名参加赛跑、考试.  5 [Tn] (fml 文) present (sth) for consideration 提出（某事物）供考虑: enter a plea of not guilty 提出无罪抗辩 * enter a protest 提出抗议.  6 (idm 习语) enter the lists (against sb) challenge sb or accept a challenge from sb to a contest 要求与某人比赛; 答应与某人比赛.  7 (phr v) enter into sth (a) begin to deal with sth 开始处理某事物: Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段着手处理具体问题. (b) be able to understand and appreciate sth 能懂得并欣赏某事物; 领略; 体会: enter into the spirit of an occasion, ie begin to enjoy and feel part of it 领略个中乐趣. (c) (not passive 不用于被动语态) form part of sth 形成某事物的一部分: This possibility never entered into our calculations. 我们从未考虑过有这种可能性. enter into sth (with sb) begin sth; open sth 开始某事: enter into negotiations with a business firm 开始与一公司协商 * (fml 文) I dared not enter into conversation with him. 我未敢与他交谈. enter on/upon sth (fml 文) (a) make a start on sth; begin sth 着手做某事物; 开始某事: enter upon a new career 开始一新事业 * The President has just entered upon another term of office. 总统刚刚开始另一任期. (b) (law 律) take possession of sth; begin to enjoy sth 获得某物; 开始享有某物: He entered on his inheritance when he was 21. 他21岁时继承了财产. enter (sb) for sth give the name of (oneself or sb else) for a competition, race, etc 报名参加竞赛等: I've entered for the high jump. 我已报名参加跳高比赛. * The teacher entered him for the examination. 老师替他报名参加考试. * enter a horse for a race 给马报名参加赛跑./enˈterɪk; ɛn`tɛrɪk/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the intestines 肠的: enteric fever, ie typhoid 肠热病（伤寒）./ˌentəˈraɪtɪs; ˌɛntə`raɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the intestines 肠炎: suffering from enteritis 患肠炎./ˈentəpraɪz; `ɛntɚˌpraɪz/ n  1 [C] project or undertaking, esp one that is difficult or needs courage 事业, 计画（尤指困难的或需要勇气的）: his latest business enterprise 他最新的企业规划 * The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event. 音乐会演是一项新生事物, 我们希望它能成为一年一度的盛会. Cf 参看 venture 1.  2 [U] courage and willingness to be involved in such projects 事业心; 进取心; 勇气; 胆量: a woman of great enterprise 事业心极强的女子 * He got the job because he showed the spirit of enterprise. 他因为表现出进取精神, 所以得到了这份工作.  3 (a) [U] participation in projects; business activity 参与计画; 企业活动; 经营: Conservativegovernments in Britain favour private enterprise rather than nationalization. 英国的保守党政府赞成私人经营而反对国有化. (b) [C] business company or firm 事业单位; 企业单位; 公司; 商号; 商行: one of the most successful enterprises of its kind 同类企业中业绩极突出者. adj having or showing enterprise(2)有事业心的; 表现出进取心的; 有胆量的: an enterprising young man 有进取心的年轻男子 * She may not have been the cleverest candidate but she was certainly the most enterprising. 她就算不是最聪明的候选人, 也肯定是最有事业心的. adv./ˌentəˈteɪn; ˌɛntɚ`ten/ v  1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) receive sb as a guest; provide food and drink for sb, esp in one's home 宴客; 招待, 款待某人（尤指在自己家中）: I don't entertain very often. 我不常在家请客. * They do a lot of entertaining, ie often give dinner parties, etc. 他们时常设宴待客. * Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) amuse sb 使某人快乐: Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗? * He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. 他给我们讲故事、说笑话, 让我们高兴了好几小时.  3 [Tn] (fml 文) (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (a) be ready and willing to consider (sth) 愿意考虑（某事物）: He refused to entertain our proposal. 他拒不考虑我们的提议. (b) hold (sth) in the mind or feelings 心里或感情上怀有（某事物）: entertain ideas, doubts, etc 有想法、怀疑等.n person who entertains (entertain 2), esp professionally （娱乐节目的）表演者; （尤指）艺人: He's a popular television entertainer. 他是大众喜爱的电视演员.adj amusing and pleasing 使人愉快的; 有趣的: a very entertaining film 一部很有趣的电影 * amost entertaining guest 很有风趣的客人. adv.n  1 [U] entertaining or being entertained 宴客; 招待; 款待; 娱乐: the entertainment of a group of foreign visitors 宴请一批外宾 * He fell in the water, much to the entertainment of the children. 他掉进水里, 逗得孩子们乐不可支. * a place of entertainment娱乐场所.  2 [C] thing that entertains; public performance(at a theatre, cinema, circus, etc) 娱乐; （在剧场、电影院、马戏团等的）演出: The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper. 报纸上登有本地的娱乐活动./ɪnˈθrɔːl; ɪn`θrɔl/ v (-ll-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] capture the whole attention of (sb) as if by magic; please greatly; captivate （似以魔力）迷住（某人）; 使极愉快; 迷住: enthralled by her beauty 被她的美色迷住. adj: an enthralling performance 动人的演出. n [U]./ɪnˈθrəʊn; ɪn`θron/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文) place (a king, queen or bishop) on a throne, esp with ceremony; exalt 使（国王、女王或主教）登基, 就任（尤指举行仪式）; 提升; 提拔: The queen was enthroned in an ancient abbey. 女王在一所古老的大教堂里举行登基仪式. n [U, C]./ɪnˈθjuːz; <i>US</i> -θuːz; ɪn`θuz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth/sb) show great admiration or interest for 对...极为喜爱或极热心: He hasn't stopped enthusing about his holiday since he returned. 他度假归来, 对假日情趣仍津津乐道. * They all enthused over the new baby. 他们都极喜爱这个新生儿./ɪnˈθjuːzɪæzəm; <i>US</i> -ˈθuː-; ɪn`θuzɪˌæzəm/ n ~ (for/about sth)  1 [U] strong feeling of admiration or interest; great eagerness 热爱; 热心; 热情: The proposal aroused little enthusiasm in the group. 该建议在这些人中未引起多大兴趣. * feel no enthusiasm for/about an idea 对某主意不感兴趣 * an outburst of enthusiasm 热情奔放 * His enthusiasm made everyone else interested. 他的热心激发了大家的兴致.  2 [C] object of this feeling 热中的事物: One of my great enthusiasms is music. 我的一大爱好就是音乐. * Gardening is his latest enthusiasm. 他近来爱好上园艺了./-ˈθjuːzɪæst; <i>US</i> -ˈθuː-; -`θuzɪˌæst/ n ~ (for/about sth) person filled with enthusiasm 热情的人; 热心者; 热中者: a sports enthusiast 爱好运动的人 * an enthusiast for/about all kinds of pop music 酷爱各种流行音乐的人./ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk; <i>US</i> -θuː-; ɪnˌθuzɪ`æstɪk/ adj ~ (about/over sth/sb) full of enthusiasm 热情的; 热心的: He doesn't know much about the subject, but he's very enthusiastic. 他对这事所知不多, 但却极感兴趣. * She's very enthusiastic about singing. 她非常喜欢唱歌. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: She greeted him enthusiastically with a kiss. 她热情地跟他打招呼并吻了他一下./ɪnˈtaɪs; ɪn`taɪs/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] ~ sb (away) (from sth); ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) try to tempt or persuade sb, usu by offering sth pleasant or a reward 诱惑; 诱使; 怂恿: Advertisements are designed to entice people into spending money/to spend money. 广告宣传的目的是诱使人花钱. * He enticed the young girl away from home. 他把那小女孩诱惑得离开了家.n  1 [U] enticing or being enticed 诱惑; 怂恿: the enticement of a child into a car 把一小孩哄进汽车里.  2 [C] thing that entices 诱惑物: There were so many enticements offered that I could not refuse the job. 这项工作有那么多优惠待遇, 使我难以拒绝.adj attractive or tempting 有吸引力的; 迷人的; 诱人的: quite an enticing offer 很诱人的条件 * An enticing smell came from the bakery. 从面包房里飘出了诱人的香味. adv./ɪnˈtaɪə(r); ɪn`taɪr/ adj [attrib 作定语] with no part left out; whole; complete 全部的; 整个的; 完全的: The entire village was destroyed. 整个村子被毁. * I've wasted an entire day on this. 我为此事浪费了一整天的时间. * We are in entire agreement with you. 我们完全同意你的意见.adv completely 完全地: entirely unnecessary 完全不必要 * Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同. * I'm not entirely happy with that idea. 我对那个主意并不十分满意./ɪnˈtaɪərətɪ; ɪn`taɪrtɪ/ n [U] state of being entire; completeness 整体; 全面: We must examine the problem in its entirety, ie as a whole, not in parts only. 我们要全面地研究这个问题./ɪnˈtaɪtl; ɪn`taɪtl/ v  1 [Cn.n usu passive 通常用于被动语态] give a title to (a book, play, etc) 给（书、剧本等）取名; 定名: He entitled the book `Savage Love'. 他给这本书取名为《野性的爱》. * She read a poem entitled `The Apple Tree'. 她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗.  2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tnt] ~ sb to sth give sb a right to have or do sth 给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利; 使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事: You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never worked. 从未参加过工作, 就没有资格领取失业救济金. * After a hard day's work she felt entitled to a rest. 她劳累了一天, 觉得理应休息一下了. * This ticket doesn't entitle you to travel first class. 你这张票不能坐头等位.n  1 [U] entitling (entitle 2) or being entitled 授权; 有资格: We have no record of your entitlement to free travel. 我们没有让你免费旅行的凭据.  2 [C] thing to which one is entitled 有权得到的东西: Have you all taken your full holiday entitlements? 你们大家是不是把应有的假期都用了呢?/ˈentətɪ; `ɛntətɪ/ n  1 [C] thing with distinct and real existence 实体: a separate political entity 独立的政治实体.  2 [U] (fml 文) thing's existence (contrasted with its qualities, relations with other things, etc) 事物的存在（区别于其属性、与其他事物的关系等）./ɪnˈtuːm; ɪn`tum/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (fml 文) (a) place (a person or an animal) in, or as if in, a tomb 将（人或动物）（似）置于墓中; 埋葬: Many people were entombed in the rubble of the bombed buildings. 很多人被埋在炸毁的建筑物的瓦砾里. (b) serve as a tomb for (a person or an animal) 用作（人或动物）的坟墓./ˌentəməˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌɛntəmə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj./-dʒɪst; -dʒɪst/ n student of or expert in entomology 昆虫学研究者; 昆虫学家./ˌentəˈmɒlədʒɪ; ˌɛntə`mɑlədʒɪ/ n [U]scientific study of insects 昆虫学: His hobby is entomology.他爱好昆虫学./ˌɒntʊˈrɑːʒ; ˌɑntᴜ`rɑʒ/ n [CGp] all those who accompany and attend an important person 随从; 随行人员: the President and his entourage 总统及其随从 * (fig 比喻) She always has an entourage of admiring young men. 她周围总是簇拥着追求她的年轻人./ˈentreɪlz; `ɛntrəlz/ n [pl] internal organs of a person or animal, esp the intestines 内脏; （尤指）肠: The dish was made from the entrails of a sheep. 这盘菜是羊杂碎./ˈentrəns; `ɛntrəns/ n  1 [C] ~ (to sth) opening, gate, door, passage, etc by which one enters sth 入口; 门; 通道等: Where's the entrance to the cave? 这个洞穴的入口在哪里? * There is a front and a back entrance to the house. 这所房子有一个前门和一个後门. * I'll meet you at the entrance to the theatre. 我在剧院门口和你见面.  2 [U, C] ~ (into/onto sth) coming or going in; entering 进来; 进去; 进入: the Prime Minister's entrance into office 首相就职 * The hero makes his entrance (on stage) in Act 2. 男主角在第二幕出场. * An actor must learn his entrances and exits, ie when to enter and leave the stage. 演员一定要懂得何时出场和退场.  3 [U] ~ (to sth) right of entering; admission 进入的权利; 准予进入: They were refused entrance to the club. 他们被拒于俱乐部门外. * [attrib 作定语] a university entrance examination 大学入学考试 * an entrance fee, ie money paid so that one may enter an exhibition, etc or join a club, society, etc 入场费; 入会费.

/ɪnˈtrɑːns; <i>US</i> -ˈtrns; ɪn`træns/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (by/with sth) fill sb with great emotion and delight as if by magic 使某人（着魔般）狂喜, 着迷: entranced at the beautiful sight 被美丽的景色迷住了 * They were completely entranced by/with the music. 他们完全陶醉在音乐中. * We sat entranced by her beauty. 我们坐在那里看着她的美貌出神./ˈentrənt; `ɛntrənt/ n  1 ~ (for sth) person or animal that enters, esp for a race, a competition or an examination 参加者（尤指比赛、竞赛或考试）: There are fifty entrants for the dog show. 有五十条狗参加狗展. * university entrants 大学入学试的考生.  2 ~ (to sth) person who enters a profession 加入某行业的人: an entrant to the diplomatic service 初入外交界做事的人 * women entrants to the police force 新加入警察部队的妇女./ɪnˈtrp; ɪn`træp/ v (-pp-) [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文)  1 ~ sb/sth (by/in sth) catch sb/sth (as) in a trap 使某人[某物]陷入圈套; 诱捕.  2 ~ sb (into doing sth) trick or deceive sb 耍弄或欺骗某人: He felt he had been entrapped into marrying her. 他觉得和她结婚是上了当./ɪnˈtriːt; ɪn`trit/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ (sth of) sb (fml 文) ask sb (for sth) earnestly and feelingly; beg （为某事）恳求某人; 请求; 乞求: Please don't go, I entreat you. 我求求您, 请不要走. * May I entreat a favour of you? 您能帮帮忙吗? * I entreat you to show mercy. 我求您发发慈悲. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. adv./ɪnˈtriːtɪ; ɪn`tritɪ/ n [C, U] earnest request or requesting 恳求; 请求; 要求: deaf to all entreaties 对一切请求置若罔闻 * with a look of entreaty 恳求的神态./ˈɒntreɪ; `ɑntre/ n (fml 文)  1 [U, C] ~ (into sth) right or privilege of admission or entry 获准进入的权利或特权: Her wealth and reputation gave her (an) entree into upper-class circles. 她的财富和声望使她得以进入上层社会.  2 [C] dish served between the fish and meat courses at a formal dinner 在正式宴席上, 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间所上的菜: What did you have as an entree? 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间, 你吃的是什么菜? * [attrib 作定语] an entree dish 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间的一道菜./ɪnˈtrentʃ; ɪn`trɛntʃ/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态]  1 surround or protect (sb/sth) with a trench or trenches 用壕沟围绕或保护（某人[某物]）: The enemy were strongly entrenched on the other side of the river. 敌军在河的对岸用坚固的壕沟防守.  2 (fig sometimes derog 比喻, 有时作贬义) establish (sth/sb) very firmly 牢固地确立（某人[某事物]）: entrenched ideas, ie ones that are firmly fixed in the mind 根深蒂固的想法 * entrenched rights, ie those that are guaranteed by legislation 固有的权利 * She is entrenched in her right-wing views. 她的右翼观点根深蒂固.n  1 [C] system of trenches made for defence 堑壕.  2 [U] action of entrenching or being entrenched 掘壕沟; 用壕沟防护./ˈɒntrəpəʊ; `ɑntrəˌpo/ n (a) warehouse where goods being sent from one place to another may be stored temporarily 货仓. (b) trading centre or port for the import, export, collection and distribution of goods （进出口）货物集散地, 贸易中心, 转口港./ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r); ˌɑntrəprə`nɝ/ n  1 person who starts or organizes a commercial enterprise, esp one involving financial risk 企业家（尤指涉及财务风险的）: He would not have succeeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur. 假若他不是那么精明强干的企业家, 就不会在这样冒险的事业中取得成功.  2 person who works under contract as an intermediary in the business affairs of others 承包人. /-ˈnɜːrɪəl; -`nɝɪəl/ adj: entrepreneurial flair, skills, etc 具有创业的才能、技巧等./ɪnˈtrʌst; ɪn`trʌst/ v [Tn.pr] ~ A to B/ ~ B with A trust sb to take charge of sth/sb 委托某人负责某事物[照看某人]: entrust an assistant with a task/entrust the task to an assistant 把一项工作交给助手 * Can I entrust you with the secret plans? 我能把这些秘密计划委托给你吗? * He's entrusted his children to me/to my care for the day. 他托我照看一天孩子./ˈentrɪ; `ɛntrɪ/ n  1 [C] ~ (into sth) act of coming or going in 进入: The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher. 老师突然进来把孩子们吓了一跳. * the entry of the USA into world politics 美国对世界政治的参与 * The thieves had forced an entry into the building. 窃贼闯进了楼内.  2 [U] ~ (to sth) right of entering 进入权: We can't go along that road because the sign says `No Entry'. 我们不能走那条路, 因为牌子上 写着｀禁止入内＇. * He finally gained entry to the hotel by giving some money to the doorman. 他给了门　一些钱, 终于得以进入旅馆. * [attrib 作定语] an entry visa, ie a stamp or signature on a passport allowing sb to enter a particular country 入境签证.  3 [C] (a) (place of) entrance, esp a passage or small entrance hall 入口（处）（尤指过道、小门厅）: You can leave your umbrella in the entry. 雨伞可放于入口处. * the entry to a block of flats 公寓大楼的入口处. (b) narrow passage between buildings 建筑物之间的甬道.  4 (a) [C] ~ (in sth) item written in a list, a diary, an account book, etc （写进清单、日记、帐本等的）项目: There's no entry in his diary for that day. 他的日记上没有那一天的记录. * I'll have to check the entries in the ledger. 我得核对一下总帐的项目. * entries in a dictionary 词典的条目. (b) [U] recording of such an item （这种项目的）记载, 记录, 登记: The entry of all expenditure is necessary. 有必要把一切开支入帐.  5 ~ (for sth) (a) [C] person or thing that is entered for a competition 参加比赛的人或物: fifty entries for the 800 metres 有五十人参加800米赛跑 * a last-minute entry for the pony race 最後关头才参赛的马 * This painting is my entry for the art competition. 这幅画是我参加艺术比赛的作品. (b) [sing] list or total number of persons, etc entered for a competition （参加比赛的）名单、总人数等: There's a large entry for the flower show this year. 今年的花展有大量花卉参展./ˈentrɪfəʊn; `ɛntrɪfon/ n (propr 专利名) type of telephone placed on the wall by the entrance to a building, esp a block of flats, to enable visitors to speak to individual occupants before being allowed to enter 对讲机（安装在公寓等建筑物入口处墙上的一种电话, 可使来访者与住户通话後获准入内）./ɪnˈtwaɪn; ɪn`twaɪn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/round sth) (a) make sth by twisting one thing around another 编制（将一物缠绕在另一物上制成某物）: entwine a garland of flowers 编制花冠. (b) wind one thing with or round another 缠绕; 挽; 搂: They walked along with (their) arms entwined. 他们挽着胳膊走去./ɪˈnjuːməreɪt; <i>US</i> ɪˈnuː-; ɪ`numəˌret/ v [Tn] name (things on a list) one by one; count 列出（清单上的事物）; 数: She enumerated the items we had to buy  sugar, tea, soap, etc. 她列出了我们要购买的东西--糖、茶叶、肥皂等. /ɪˌnjuːməˈreɪʃn; <i>US</i> ɪˌnuː-; ɪˌnumə`reʃən/ n [U, C]./ɪˈnʌnsɪeɪt; ɪ`nʌnsɪˌet/ v  1 [I, Tn] say or pronounce (words or sounds) clearly （清晰地）念（字）, 发（音）: That actor enunciates very well. 那演员发音很清晰. * She enunciated each word slowly for her students. 她把每个字都给学生慢慢念清楚.  2 [Tn] express(a theory, etc) clearly or distinctly 阐明（理论等）: He is always willing to enunciate his opinions on the subject of politics. 他总是愿意对政治问题发表意见./ɪˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn; ɪˌnʌnsɪ`eʃən/ n [C, U]./ɪnˈveləp; ɪn`vɛləp/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (in sth) wrap sth/sb up; cover or surround sth/sb completely (in sth) 包住某事物[某人]; 将某事物[某人]覆盖, 包围（于某事物中）: mountains enveloped in cloud 隐没在云中的群山 * a baby enveloped in a blanket 裹在毛毯中的婴儿 * The coat was far too big  it completely enveloped him. 大衣太大--把他整个儿包起来了. * (fig 比喻) envelop a subject in mystery 把某一问题弄得神秘莫测. /ˈenvələʊp, alsoˈɒn-; `ɛnvəˌlop, `ɑnvəˌlop/ n wrapper or covering, esp one made of paper for a letter 封套; 封皮; （尤指）信封: writing paper and envelopes 信纸和信封 * an airmail envelope 航空信封.n [U]./ɪnˈvenəm; ɪn`vɛnəm/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (fml 文)  1 put poison on or in (eg a weapon) 置毒药于（如武器）上: an envenomed dagger 涂有毒药的匕首.  2 (fig 比喻) fill (sth/sb) with bitterhatred 使（某事物[某人]）充满怨恨: arguments envenomed with spite 怀有恶意的争辩./ˈenvɪəbl; `ɛnvɪəbl/ adj (of people or things) causing envy; desirable enough to cause envy （指人或物）引起忌妒的; 值得羡慕的: an enviable achievement 值得羡慕的成就 * an enviable examination result 值得羡慕的考试成绩 * an enviable woman, eg one whose life is happy and successful 令人羡慕的女人（如其生活幸福成功者）./-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv: enviably rich 富得令人羡慕./ˈenvɪəs; `ɛnvɪəs/ adj ~ (of sb/sth) full of envy; feeling, showing or expressing envy 满怀忌妒的; 表现出或表示忌妒或羡慕的: I'm so envious of you getting an extra day's holiday. 我真羡慕你得到一天额外的假期. * She cast envious glances at her sister's dress. 她以羡慕的目光看着姐姐的连衣裙. * He was envious of his brother's success. 他忌妒他哥哥的成功.adv./ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt; ɪn`vaɪrənmənt/ n  1 [C, U] conditions, circumstances, etc affecting people's lives （影响人们生活的）情况、环境等: An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour. 不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为. * A noisy smoke-filled room is not the best environment to work in. 房间里乌烟瘴气于工作十分不利.  2 the environment [sing] natural conditions, eg land, air and water, in which we live （我们生活的）自然环境（如土地、空气、水）: Many people are concerned about the pollution of the environment.许多人都关心环境污染问题. * measures to protect the environment, ie prevent spoiling it further 保护环境的措施（防止进一步污染） * the Department of the Environment, ie the British Government department responsible for land planning, transport, preservation of public amenities, pollution control, protection of the coast and countryside, etc 环境事务部（英国政府部门, 负责土地规划、运输、保护公共设施、控制污染、保护海岸和乡村等）./ɪnˌvaɪərənˈmentl; ɪnˌvaɪrən`mɛntl/ adj  1 of or caused by a person's environment 个人环境的; 由个人环境产生的: disturbing environmental influences令人不安的环境影响.  2 of the environment 环境的: environmental science 环境科学. environmentalist/ In9vaIErEn5mentElIst; In9vaIrEn`mZntElIst/ n person who is concerned about and wants to improve or protect the environment 环境保护论者: [attrib 作定语] an environmentalist protest 环境保护论者的抗议./-təlɪ; -tlɪ/ adv: Building a new factory there would be environmentally disastrous. 在那里建新工厂将严重损害环境./ɪnˈvaɪərənz; ɪn`vaɪrənz/ n [pl] (fml 文) districts surrounding a town, etc 郊区; 近郊等: Berlin and its environs 柏林及其郊区./ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ; ɪn`vɪzɪdʒ/ v [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] picture (an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine 展望; 想像: Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war. 没有人能想像出全面核子战争的後果. * I can't envisage the plan('s) working. 我无法设想计划能否行得通./ˈenvɔɪ; `ɛnvɔɪ/ n  1 messenger or representative, esp one sent to deal with a foreign government 使者; 代表; （尤指）外交官: the Archbishop of Canterbury's envoy 坎特伯雷大主教的使者.  2 diplomatic agent next in rank below an ambassador 公使./ˈenvɪ; `ɛnvɪ/ n [U]  1 ~ (of sb); ~ (at/of sth) feeling of discontent caused by sb else's good fortune or success, esp when one wishes this for oneself 忌妒; 羡慕: He couldn't conceal his envy of me/envy at my success. 他遮掩不住对我的忌妒[对我的成就的忌妒]. * His new car excited their envy. 他们很羡慕他的新汽车. * They only say such unkind things about you out of envy, ie because they are full of envy. 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话.  2 (idm 习语) the envy of sb thing that causes sb to feel envy 令人忌妒或羡慕的事物: Her many talents were the envy of all her friends. 她多才多艺, 所有的朋友都很羡慕她. * He's the envy of the whole street. 整条街的人都很羡慕他. Cf 参看 jealousy.

/ˈenvɪ; `ɛnvɪ/ v (pt, pp envied) [Tn, Dn.n] feel envy of (sb) or at (sth) 忌妒或羡慕（某人[某事物]）: I envy you. 我羡慕你. * I have always envied your good luck. 我一直羡慕你运气好. * I don't envy him his money problems, ie I'm happy I don't have them. 我庆幸自己没有他那些金钱的麻烦./ˈenzaɪm; `ɛnzaɪm/ n (chemistry 化)  1 organic chemical substance that is formed in living cells and assists chemical changes (eg in digestion) without being changed itself 酶; 酵素.  2 similar substance produced artificially for use in detergents, etc 人造酶（用于清洁剂等）: Washing powders containing enzymes are said to remove stains more efficiently. 据说含有人造酶的洗衣粉去污力强.= aeon./ˌiː ˈpiː; ˌi `pi/ abbr 缩写 = extended-play (record) 慢速唱片; 密纹唱片: a collection of EPs 一批慢速唱片. Cf 参看 single n 5, LP./ˈepəlet; `ɛpəˌlɛt/ n shoulder ornament on a naval or military officer's uniform （海军或陆军军官制服上的）肩章./ˈeɪpeɪ; e`pe/ n thin sharp-pointed sword used (with the end blunted) in fencing (fence2) 重剑（钝化的击剑用剑）. Cf 参看 foil3, sabre 2./ɪˈfemərə; ɪ`fɛmərə/ n [pl] things that are used, enjoyed, etc for only a short time and then forgotten 只可短期使用、享受等的事物./ɪˈfemərəl; ɪ`fɛmərəl/ adj living, lasting, etc for a very short time （生存、持续等）短暂的: ephemeral pleasures 短暂的欢乐 * Slang words are often ephemeral. 俚语往往只流行于一时./ˈepɪk; `ɛpɪk/ n  1 (a) long poem about the deeds of one or more great heroes, or a nation's past history 叙事诗; 史诗: Homer's Iliad is a famous epic. 荷马的《伊利亚特》是着名的史诗. (b) long film, story, etc dealing with heroic deeds and exciting adventures 叙述英雄事迹和历险的电影、故事等: yet another epic about the Roman empire 另一部关于罗马帝国的电影.  2 (infml or joc 口或谑) subject fit to be regarded as heroic 惊人之举: Mending the car became something of an epic. 修理汽车竟然也算是了不起的事.

adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like an epic; heroic; grand 史诗般的; 英勇的; 宏伟的: an epic encounter, struggle, achievement 可歌可泣的遭遇战、英勇的斗争、伟大的成就./ˈepɪsentə(r); `ɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/ n (a) point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface 震中; 震央. (b) (fig 比喻) central point of a difficult situation 困难所在: the epicentre of the riot 暴乱的中心./ˈepɪkjʊə(r); `ɛpɪˌkjᴜr/ n person who takes a special interest in and gets great pleasure from food and drink 美食家: This cookery book has been written by a real epicure. 这本食谱是由一位真正的美食家写的./ˌepɪkjʊˈriːən; ˌɛpɪkjᴜ`riən/ n, adj (person who is) fond of pleasure and luxury 爱享乐的; 享乐主义者: In his youth he was an extravagant epicurean. 他年轻时是个花花公子. * an epicurean feast 丰盛的宴席./ˌepɪˈdemɪk; ˌɛpə`dɛmɪk/ n, adj (disease) spreading quickly among many people in the same place for a time 流行性的; 流行病: an influenza epidemic 流行性感冒 * (fig 比喻) an epidemic of crime in our major cities 在我们的大城市中罪案频仍 * Football hooliganism is now reaching epidemic proportions. 足球比赛中恣意闹事现已达愈演愈烈的地步.  Cf 参看 endemic, pandemic./ˌepɪˈdɜːmɪs; ˌɛpə`dɝmɪs/ n [U, C] (anatomy 解) outer layer of the skin 表皮: a damaged epidermis 受损伤的表皮./ˌepɪˈdjʊərəl; ˌɛpə`djᴜrəl/ adj (medical 医) (of an anaesthetic) injected round the nerves in the spine and having the effect of anaesthetizing the lower part of the body （指麻醉剂）硬膜外的.

n epidural injection 硬膜外注射: Epidurals are now often used during childbirth. 现在分娩时常用硬膜外注射./-ˈglɒtl;-`ˇlɑtl/ adj./ˌepɪˈglɒtɪs; ˌɛpə`ˇlɑtɪs/ n (anatomy 解) thin flap of tissue at the back of the tongue that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food or drink from entering the lungs 会厌. /ˈepɪgræm; `ɛpəˌˇræm/ n short poem or saying expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way 诙谐短诗; 警句: The playwright Oscar Wilde was noted for his epigrams. 剧作家奥斯卡·王尔德以他的诙谐短诗着称./ˌepɪgrəˈmætɪk; ˌɛpəˇrə`mætɪk/ adj expressing things, or expressed, in a short and witty way 精警的: an epigrammatic style 善用警句的风格./ˈepɪlepsɪ; `ɛpəˌlɛpsɪ/ n [U] disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious (often with violent uncontrolled movements of the body) 癫痫症; 羊角风: various forms of epilepsy 各类的癫痫./ˌepɪˈleptɪk; ˌɛpə`lɛptɪk/ adj of epilepsy 癫痫的: an epileptic fit 癫痫发作. -- n person who suffers from epilepsy 癫痫症患者: She's been an epileptic from birth. 她是先天性癫痫患者./ˈepɪlɒg; `ɛpəˌlɔˇ/ (US epilog / -lR:g; -lR^/) n (a) part or section added at the end of a book, play, film, programme, etc, as a comment on the main action （书、剧本、电影、节目等的）结尾部分, 後记; 跋. (b) short speech or poem spoken by one of the characters at the end of a play （戏剧演出结束时由一个角色念的）收场白, 收场诗: Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in Shakespeare's `Hamlet'. 在莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中, 由福丁布拉斯念收场白.  Cf 参看 prologue./ɪˈpɪfənɪ; ɪ`pɪfənɪ/ n Christian festival held on 6 January, in memory of the coming of the Magi to the baby Jesus at Bethlehem 显现节, 主显节（每年1月6日纪念耶稣显灵的节日）./ɪˈpɪskəpl; ɪ`pɪskəpl/ adj (fml 文) of or governed by a bishop or bishops 主教的; 主教管辖的: the Episcopal Church, ie (esp) the Anglican Church in the US and Scotland （尤指美国和苏格兰的）圣公会. Cf 参看 Presbyterian./ɪˌpɪskəˈpeɪlɪən; ɪˌpɪskə`pelɪən/ n, adj (member) of an episcopal church 圣公会的; 圣公会教徒: Are you a Roman Catholic or an Episcopalian? 你是罗马天主教徒还是圣公会教徒?/əˌpiːzɪˈɒtəmɪ; əˌpizɪ`ɑtəmɪ/ n (medical 医) cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth to aid the delivery of the baby 外阴切开术./ˈepɪsəʊd; `ɛpəˌsod/ n [C]  1 (description of an) event occurring as part of a long series of events as in a novel, one's life, etc （小说或人生等的）片段, 插曲: That's an episode in my life I'd rather forget! 那是我一生中但愿忘却的经历! * One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6. 书中最有趣的部分是在第6章.  2 part of a TV or radio serial broadcast at one time （电视或无线电广播的）一集: the final episode 大结局 * Listen to the next exciting episode tomorrow night. 请于明晚收听精采的下一集./ˌepɪˈsɒdɪk; ˌɛpə`sɑdɪk/ adj (a) occurring irregularly; sporadic 偶然发生的; 分散性的: episodic fits of depression 阵发性抑郁症. (b) (of a story, novel, etc) containing or consisting of a series of events （指故事、小说等）由一系列片段组成的: an episodic style 描述一系列片段故事的写作风格./ɪˈpɪsl; ɪ`pɪsl/ n  1 (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) letter 书信: Her mother sends her a long epistle every week. 她母亲每周给她写一封长信.  2 Epistle (Bible 圣经) any of the letters included in the New Testament, written by the Apostles 《新约全书》中的使徒书信: the Epistle of St Paul to the Romans 《保罗达罗马人书》./ɪˈpɪstələrɪ; <i>US</i> -lerɪ; ɪ`pɪstəˌlɛrɪ/ adj (fml 文) of, carried on by, or written in the form of letters 书信的; 用书信进行的; 书信体的: an epistolary friendship 书来信往的友谊 * an epistolary novel 书信体小说./ˈepɪtɑːf; <i>US</i> -tæf; `ɛpəˌtæf/ n words written or said about a dead person, esp words inscribed on a tombstone 悼文; 祭文; 悼词; （尤指）墓志铭./ˈepɪθet; `ɛpəˌθɛt/ n adjective or descriptive phrase that refers to the character or most important quality of sb/sth eg Alfred the Great, Attila the Hun （表示某人[某事物]性格或最主要特性的）修饰词或描述性短语（如阿尔弗烈德大王, 匈奴王阿提拉）./ɪˈpɪtəmɪ; ɪ`pɪtəmɪ/ n  1 thing that shows on a small scale all the characteristics of sth much larger 梗概; 缩影: The divisions we see in this school are the epitome of those occurring throughout the whole country. 我们在这所学校中看到的各个部门是全国各校的缩影.  2 person or thing that is a perfect example of a quality, type, etc 典型的人或事物: the absolute epitome of a school teacher 中小学教师的典范 * She's the epitome of kindness. 她是仁慈的化身.  3 (dated 旧) short summary of a book, speech, etc （书、演讲等的）摘要.=> epitomize/ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz; ɪ`pɪtəˌmaɪz/ v [Tn] be an epitome of (sth) 成为（某事物）的缩影: He epitomizes everything I dislike. 我讨厌的一切都在他身上体现出来 了. * She epitomizes the loving mother. 她是典型的慈母./ˌiː piː en ˈes; ˌi pi ɛn `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (on cutlery, tableware, etc) electroplated nickel silver （餐具等上的字样）电镀镍银./ˈiːpɒk; <i>US</i> ˈepək; `ɛpək/ n (beginning of a) period of time in history, life, the history of the earth, etc, esp one marked by notable events or characteristics 纪元; 时代; 时期: Einstein's theory marked a new epoch in mathematics. 爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元.adj (fml or joc 文或谑) important and remarkable enough to change the course of history and begin a new epoch 开新纪元的; 划时代的: the epoch-making discovery of America 发现美洲的划时代的创举 * I told him his idea was not exactly epoch-making. 我告诉他说他的思想算不上是划时代的./ˌepsəm ˈsɔːlts; `ɛpsəm `sɔlts/ magnesium sulphate, a bitter white powder used medically to empty the bowels 泻盐./ˈekwəbl; `ɛkwəbl/ adj  1 free from extremes of heat or cold; moderate 冷热适中的; 温和的: an equable climate 温和的气候.  2 (of a person) not easily upset or annoyed; even-tempered （指人）不易恼怒的, 性情温和的: an equable temperament 温和的性情 * It's lucky that his parents are so equable. 值得庆幸的是他双亲性情非常温和.  /ˈekwəblɪ; `ɛkwəblɪ/ adv./ˈiːkwəl; `ikwəl/ adj  1 the same in size, amount, value, number, degree, status, etc （大小、数量、价值、程度、状况等）相同的, 相等的, 同样的: They are of equal height. 他们一般高. * Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份. * Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture. 应在混合物中加入等量的面粉和糖. * He speaks Arabic and English with equal ease. 他说阿拉伯语和英语都一样自如. * Women are demanding equal pay for equal work, ie equal to that of men. 妇女要求同工同酬（与男人一样）. * In intelligence, the children are about equal. 这些儿童在智力上大致相同.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/doing sth having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth 对某事物有力量、勇气、能力等; 能胜任: She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作. * He's equal to (ie able to deal with) the occasion. 他能应付这一局面. * He doesn't seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求.  3 (idm 习语) on equal terms (with sb) (meeting or speaking) as equals, with no difference in status or rank 平等相处; 地位相等: Now that she has been promoted she is on equal terms with her ex-boss. 她既然已升级, 就和原先的上司平起平坐了.  other things being equal => thing.

n person or thing equal to oneself in some way 和自己相当的人或事物: He's my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大. * She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned. 论智力, 她和她哥哥不相上下. * We consider ourselves equals. 我们彼此不分上下.

v (-ll-) (US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) be equal to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]相同或相等: equalling the Olympic record 平奥运会纪录 * He is equalled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良.=> equalization=> equalize/ɪˈkwɒlətɪ; ɪ`kwɑlətɪ/ n [U] state of being equal 平等: Women are still struggling for true equality with men. 妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等. * equality of opportunity, ie having an equal chance of being considered for jobs, promotion, etc 机会均等（在求职、提升等方面有同等的机会）./ˌiːkwəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; ˌikwələ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈiːkwəlaɪz; `ikwəlˌaɪz/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become equal (in size, amount, etc) （使某事物）（在大小、数量等上）相等: Germany were winning the match until just before the end when the other team equalized, ie scored another goal to make the scores equal. 德国队眼看要赢得这场比赛, 而恰在终场前对方把比分扳平.  /ˈiːkwəlɪ; `ikwəlɪ/ adv  1 in an equal manner or to an equal degree 相等地; 同等地: They are equally clever. 他们一样聪明.  2 in equal parts 均等: They share the housework equally between them. 他们平等分担家务.  3 also; similarly; in addition 也; 同样; 此外: We must try to think about what is best for him; equally we must consider what he wants to do. 我们要为他着想, 同时也要想到他愿意干什么./ˌekwəˈnɪmətɪ; ˌɛkwə`nɪmətɪ/ n [U] calmness of mind or temper 心情平静; 情绪镇定: She maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal. 她在长期的苦难中心情一直都很平静. * Nothing disturbs his equanimity. 没有任何事能扰乱他平静的心绪./ɪˈkweɪt; ɪ`kwet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/with sth) consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else) 认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿: You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany. 不能把英国教育制度与德国教育制度等同起来. * He equates poverty with misery. 他认为贫穷就是不幸./ɪˈkweɪʒn; ɪ`kweʒən/ n  1 [C] (mathematics 数) statement that two expressions (connected by the sign =) are equal, eg 2x + 5 = 11 等式（如2x + 5 = 11）.  2 [U] action of making equal or regarding as equal 等同; 相等: The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous. 把财富与幸福等同起来有时候很危险./ɪˈkweɪtə(r); ɪ`kwetɚ/ n imaginary line (or one drawn on a map, etc) around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles 赤道: It is very hot near the equator. 赤道附近非常热. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图./ˌekwəˈtɔːrɪəl; ˌɛkwə`tɔrɪəl/ adj of or near the equator 赤道的; 赤道附近的: an equatorial climate 赤道的气候 * equatorial jungles 赤道附近的丛林./ɪˈkwerɪ, alsoˈekwərɪ; ɪ`kwɛrɪ, `ɛkwərɪ/ n (in Britain) officer attending the king, the queen or a member of the royal family （英国的）王室侍从: He is equerry to the Prince of Wales. 他是威尔士亲王的侍从./ɪˈkwestrɪən; ɪ`kwɛstrɪən/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of horse-riding 骑马的: equestrian skill 骑术 * an equestrian statue, ie of a person on a horse 骑士塑像 * equestrian events at the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会的骑术比赛.

n person who is skilled at horse-riding 骑师.comb form 构词成分 equal; equally 同等的; 同等地: equipoise * equidistant./ˌiːkwɪˈdɪstənt; ˌikwə`dɪstənt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) at an equal distance (from two or more places, etc) 等距离: Our house is equidistant from the two pubs in the village. 我们的房子离村中两家酒馆距离相等./ˌiːkwɪˈlætərəl; ˌikwə`lætərəl/ adj (geometry 几) having all sides equal 等边的: an equilateral triangle 等边三角形./ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm, alsoˌek-; ˌikwə`lɪbrɪəm, ɛk-/ n [U]  1 state of being balanced 平衡; 均势: This pair of scales is not in equilibrium. 这个天平不平衡. * He can't maintain enough equilibrium to ride a bike. 他骑自行车不能保持平衡.  2 (fig 比喻) balanced state of mind, feelings, etc （心情、感情等）平静: She lost her usual equilibrium and shouted at him angrily. 她一反常态, 向他愤怒地叫喊./ˈekwaɪn; `ɛkwaɪn/ adj of or like a horse or horses 马的; 似马的: the equine species 马类 * (fig 比喻) He has a long equine face. 他的脸像马脸那么长./ˌiːkwɪˈnɒkʃl, alsoˌek-; ˌikwə`nɑkʃəl, ɛk-/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, at or near the equinox 春分或秋分时的; 在春分或秋分前後的: equinoctial gales/tides 春分或秋分时的暴风雨[潮汐]./ˈiːkwɪnɒks, alsoˈek-; `ikwəˌnɑks, ɛk-/ n either of the two times in the year (around 21 March and 22 September) when the sun crosses the equator and day and night are of equal length 春分; 秋分: spring/vernal equinox 春分 * autumnal equinox 秋分. Cf 参看 solstice./ɪˈkwɪp; ɪ`kwɪp/ v (-pp-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) 配备; 装备: They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装. * Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试. * The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and ammunition. 士兵们装备好了武器和弹药. * A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生.n [U]  1 things needed for a particular purpose 设备; 装备: office equipment, eg typewriters, photocopiers, stationery, etc 办公室的设备（如打字机、影印机、文具等） * sports equipment 运动器材 * a factory with modern equipment 有现代化设备的工厂.  2 action of equipping 装备; 配备: The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 装备摄影室的开支很大./ˈekwɪpɔɪz; `ɛkwəˌpɔɪz/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] balanced state, esp of the mind; equilibrium 平衡状态; （尤指）心态平衡; 心情平静.  2 [C] thing that counter balances 平衡物./ˈekwɪtəbl; `ɛkwɪtəbl/ adj (fml 文) fair and just; reasonable 公正的; 合理的: the most equitable solution to the dispute 对该纠纷最公正的解决 * Each person must have an equitable share. 每人应得合理的一份. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./ˈekwətɪ; `ɛkwətɪ/ n  1 [U] fairness; right judgement 公平; 公正的裁判: The equity of the referee's decision was accepted by everyone. 大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判.  2 [U] (law 律 esp Brit) principles of justice used to correct laws when these would seem unfair in special circumstances 衡平法.  3 equities [pl] ordinary stocks and shares that carry no fixed interest （利息不定的）普通股./-ləns; -ləns/ n  1 [U] state or quality of being equivalent 均等; 等量.  2 [C] thing that is equivalent 相等物./ɪˈkwɪvələnt; ɪ`kwɪvələnt/ adj ~ (to sth) equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc （价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相同的: What is 5 equivalent to in French francs? 5英镑相当于多少法国法郎? * 250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounces250克或与之相当的盎司.

n thing, amount or word that is equivalent 相等的事物或数量; 对应词: the metric equivalent of two miles 两英里的公制等距 * Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word `home'? 法语中有没有和英语home完全一样的对应词?/ɪˈkwɪvəkl; ɪ`kwɪvəkl/ adj  1 having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous 模棱两可的; 意义不明的: The politician gave an equivocal answer. 那政客的答覆模棱两可.  2 (of behaviour, circumstances, etc) questionable; suspicious （指行为、情况等）不可靠的, 可疑的./ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt; ɪ`kwɪvəˌket/ v [I] speak in an ambiguous way to hide the truth or mislead people 说模棱两可的话; 支吾; 蒙混: Don't equivocate with me  I want a straight answer to a straight question! 别跟我绕弯子--我问的问题直截了当, 回答也要直截了当! /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn; ɪˌkwɪvə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] use of equivocal statements to mislead people 用模棱两可的话迷惑人; 含糊其词.  2 [C] equivocal expression 暧昧语.abbr 缩写 = (eg on post-boxes) Queen Elizabeth (Latin Elizabetha Regina) （如邮政信箱上的字样）伊丽莎白女王（源自拉丁文Elizabetha Regina）. Cf 参看 GR./ˈɪərə; `ɪrə/ n [C]  1 period in history starting from a particular time or event 纪元; 年代; 时代: the Elizabethan era 伊丽莎白时代.  2 period in history marked by an important event or development （以重大事件或重要发展为标志的）历史时期, 时代: the era of the miniskirt 超短裙时代 * We are living in the computer era. 我们正生活在计算机时代./ɪˈrædɪkeɪt; ɪ`rædɪˌket/ v [Tn] destroy (sth) completely; put an end to (sth) 根除, 消灭（某事物）; 结束（某事物）: Smallpox has almost been eradicated. 天花几乎已消灭. * attempts to eradicate crime 力图根除罪恶的行动./ɪˌrædɪˈkeɪʃn; ɪˌrædɪ`keʃən/ n [U]./ɪˈrædɪkeɪtə(r); ɪ`rædɪˌketɚ/ n [C, U]person or thing that eradicates, esp a chemical substance that removes ink marks 根除者; 消除物（尤指去墨水迹的化学物质）: a bottle of ink eradicator 一瓶消字灵./ɪˈreɪz; <i>US</i> ɪˈreɪs; ɪ`res/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) rub or scrape sth out; remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物; 消除某事物的痕迹: erase pencil marks 擦去铅笔的笔迹 * (fig 比喻) She couldn't erase the incident from her memory. 她难以忘却那次事故.  2 [Tn] remove a recording from (magnetic tape) 从（磁带）上抹去录音或录像./ɪˈreɪzə(r); <i>US</i> -sər; ɪ`resɚ/ n (US; Brit fml 文) (Brit also rubber) thing that erases, esp a piece of rubber, etc for removing pencil marks 清除用具（尤指擦去铅笔笔迹的橡皮等）. eraser head device on a cassette or video player for erasing material recorded on magnetic tape （录音机或录像机上的）消磁器./ɪˈreɪʒə(r); ɪ`reʒɚ/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] action of erasing 擦掉; 刮掉; 消除.  2 [C] (a) word, etc that has been erased 删掉的词等. (b) place or mark where sth has been erased 涂擦的痕迹: erasures in a letter 信中的涂擦痕迹./eə(r); ɛr/ conj, prep (arch or rhet 古或修辞) before 在...以前: ere break of day 破晓前 * ere long, ie soon 不久./ɪˈrekt; ɪ`rɛkt/ adj  1 standing on end; upright; vertical 直立的; 竖直的; 垂直的: stand erect 笔直地站着 * hold a banner erect 将旗子举直.  2 (of a part of the body, esp the penis) swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）因性刺激而勃起的. 

/ɪˈrekt; ɪ`rɛkt/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 build; set up; establish 建造; 设立; 创立: erect a monument 竖立纪念碑 * A statue was erected to (ie to honour the memory of) Queen Victoria. 为纪念维多利亚女王建起了一座雕像.  2 set upright; put up 竖起; 搭起: erect a tent, a flagstaff 搭起帐篷、竖起旗杆./ɪˈrektaɪl; <i>US</i> -tl; ɪ`rɛktl/ adj (anatomy 解) (of parts of the body, esp the penis) that can become swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）能勃起的: erectile tissue 勃起组织./ɪˈrekʃn; ɪ`rɛkʃən/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) action of erecting; state of being erected 建造; 设立; 创立: The erection of the building took several months. 建造这座建筑物花了好几个月的时间.  2 [C] (fml sometimes derog 文, 有时作贬义) thing that has been erected; building or structure 竖立物; 建筑物: She calls the new opera house `that hideous erection'. 她把新歌剧院称作｀那讨厌的庞然大物＇.  3 [C] hardening and swelling (esp of the penis) in sexual excitement （性兴奋时, 尤指阴茎之）勃起: get/have an erection 产生勃起.n [U]./ɜːg; ɝˇ/ n unit of energy in the metric system 尔格（能量的公制单位）./ˈɜːgəʊ; `ɝˇo/ adv (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) therefore 所以; 因此./ˌɜːgəˈnɒmɪks; ˌɝˇə`nɑmɪks/ n [sing v] study of work and working conditions in order to improve people's efficiency 工作环境改造学./ˈɜːmɪn; `ɝmɪn/ n  1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作ermines) small animal of the weasel family whose fur is brown in summer and white in winter 貂; 扫雪鼬. Cf 参看 ferret, stoat, weasel.  2 [U] its white winter fur, esp as used to trim the robes of judges, etc 白色貂皮（尤用于制法官等的长袍的饰边）: a gown trimmed with ermine 饰以貂皮的长袍 * [attrib 作定语] ermine robes 白色貂皮袍./ɪˈrəʊd; ɪ`rod/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (of acids, rain, wind, etc) destroy or wear (sth) away gradually （指酸、雨、风等）侵蚀, 腐蚀（某物）: Metals are eroded by acids. 金属能被酸腐蚀. * The sea has eroded the cliff face over the years. 海水经年累月冲刷着峭壁的表面. * (fig 比喻) The rights of the individual are being steadily eroded. 个人的权利正逐渐受到侵犯./ɪˈrɒdʒənəs; ɪ`rɑdʒənəs/ adj (of areas of the body) particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation （指身体的某部）性欲发生的: erogenous zones 性欲发生区./ɪˈrəʊʒn; ɪ`roʒən/ n [U] process of eroding or being eroded 侵蚀; 腐蚀: the erosion of the coastline by the sea 海水对海岸的冲刷 * attempts to reduce soil erosion 减少土壤侵蚀的做法 * (fig 比喻) the steady erosion of the President's credibility 总统的威信日渐丧失./ɪˈrəʊsɪv; ɪ`rosɪv/ adj./ɪˈrɒtɪk; ɪ`rɑtɪk/ adj of or arousing sexual desire 性欲的; 色情的; 引起性欲的: erotic art, verse, photography, etc 色情艺术、诗歌、摄影等 * an erotic painting 色情画 * the erotic urge 性冲动./ɪˈrɒtɪkə; ɪ`rɑtɪkə/ n [pl] books, pictures, etc intended to arouse sexual desire 色情书、画等: a collection of erotica 春宫录./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ɪˈrɒtɪsɪzəm; ɪ`rɑtəˌsɪzəm/ n [U] (quality of stimulating) sexual desire 性欲; 色情性: the film's blatant eroticism 影片露骨的色情性./ɜː(r); <i>US</i> eər; ɛr/ v (fml 文)  1 [I] (a) make mistakes; be wrong 犯错误; 出错. (b) do wrong; sin 做错事; 犯罪.  2 (idm 习语) err on the side of sth show too much of a (usu good) quality 过分表现某品质（通常指好的）: It's better to err on the side of tolerance (ie be too tolerant rather than too severe) when dealing with young offenders. 对待失足的青少年宁可失之过宽（宁过宽而勿过严）. to ,err is `human (to for,give di`vine) (saying 谚) it is human nature to sin and make mistakes (and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible) 人孰无过（宽恕为上）./ˈerənd; `ɛrənd/ n  1 short journey to take a message, get or deliver goods, etc 短程差使（送信、取货或送货等）: He was tired of running errands for his sister. 他已厌烦给姐姐当跑腿了.  2 object or purpose of such a journey 差事: I've come on a special errand. 我是专程来办一件差事的.  3 (idm 习语) an errand of `mercy journey to bring help to sb who is in distress 帮助受困者之行; 雪中送炭. a fool's errand => fool1./ˈerənt; `ɛrənt/ adj (arch or joc 古或谑)  1 [attrib 作定语] doing wrong; misbehaving 犯错的; 行为不当的: an ,errant (ie unfaithful) `husband/`wife 不安分的丈夫[妻子].  2 wandering in search of adventure (esp in the expression shown) 为冒险而周游的（尤用于以下示例）: a ,knight `errant 游侠./ɪˈrætɪk; ɪ`rætɪk/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behaviour; unreliable （动作、品质或行为）不规则的, 无常的, 不可靠的: Deliveries of goods are erratic. 不按规定送货. * The singer gave an erratic performance. 演唱者未唱出水平. * This clock is rather erratic. 这个钟不太准./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: Being out of practice the team played very erratically. 这队因缺乏练习而表现失常./eˈrɑːtəm; ɛ`rɑtəm/ n (pl errata/ -tE; -tE/) (fml 文) error in printing or writing 印刷或书写的错误: a list of errata 勘误表 * an erratum slip, ie a piece of paper inserted into a book after printing, listing errors, misprints, etc 勘误附页./ɪˈrəʊnɪəs; ɪ`ronɪəs/ adj (fml 文) incorrect; mistaken 不正确的; 错误的: erroneous ideas, conclusions, statements, etc 错误的观念、结论、说法等. adv: a poem erroneously attributed to Shakespeare 被误认为是莎士比亚写的诗./ˈerə(r); `ɛrɚ/ n  1 [C] thing done wrongly; mistake 错误; 差错: spelling errors 拼法错误 * a computer error 计算机错误 * printer's errors, ie misprints 印刷错误.  2 [U] state of being wrong in belief or behaviour 想法或行为的错误: The letter was sent to you in error, ie by mistake. 此信误送给你了. * The accident was the result of human error. 这事故是人为的错误造成的.  3 [C] (in calculations, etc) amount of inaccuracy （计算等的）误差: an error of 2 per cent 百分之二的误差. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1.  4 (idm 习语) an ,error of `judgement a mistake in one's assessment of a situation, etc （对情况等的）判断错误. the ,error of one's `ways aspects of one's way of life that are wrong and should be changed 生活中应改正的过失: Jones used to be a thief, but now he's seen the error of his ways and is trying to rebuild his life. 琼斯过去是小偷, 但是现已知过能改重新做人. trial and error => trial./ˈeəzæts, ˈɜːsɑːts; ɛr`zɑts/ adj (often derog 常作贬义) imitation or substitute, usu inferior to the original 仿制的, 代用的（通常次于原物）: ersatz coffee, whisky, silk 代用咖啡、仿制威士忌、人造丝./ˈeruːdaɪt; `ɛrᴜˌdaɪt/ adj (fml 文) having or showing great learning; scholarly 博学的; 有学问的: an erudite lecture 博大精深的讲座.adv./ˌeruːˈdɪʃn; ˌɛrᴜ`dɪʃən/ n [U] learning 学问: display one's erudition 炫耀自己的学识 * a man of immense erudition 饱学之士./ɪˈrʌpt; ɪ`rʌpt/ v  1 [I] (of a volcano) suddenly throw out lava, etc （指火山）爆发: It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 维苏威火山上一次爆发至今已有很多年了.  2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) break out suddenly and violently 突然发生: Violence has erupted on the streets. 大街上突然发生了暴乱. * The demonstration erupted into violence. 示威游行中突然出现了武斗. * (infml 口) When I saw the size of the bill I simply erupted, ie became furiously angry. 我看到巨额帐单时简直火冒三丈.  3 [I] (of spots, etc) appear on the skin （指斑点等）在皮肤上出现: A rash has erupted all over my back. 我的背上出满了疹子./ɪˈrʌpʃn; ɪ`rʌpʃən/ n [C, U]  1 outbreak of a volcano 火山爆发.  2 (fig 比喻) outbreak of war, disease, etc （战争等）爆发; （疾病等）发作: the eruption of hostilities 战事爆发.  3 sudden appearance of spots, etc on the skin （斑疹等）突然在皮肤上出现; 出疹./ˌerɪˈsɪpɪləs; ˌɛrə`sɪpləs/ n [U] (medical 医) disease that causes fever and deep red inflammation of the skin 丹毒./ˌiː es ˈeɪ; ˌi ɛs `e/ abbr 缩写 = European Space Agency 欧洲航天局./ˈeskəleɪt; `ɛskəˌlet/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) increase or develop by successive stages; become or make (sth) more intense （使某事物）逐步增长或发展; （使某事物）更紧张: the steadily escalating level of unemployment 失业率日益上升 * House prices have escalated rapidly. 房价已急速上涨. * The Government is deliberately escalating the war for political reasons. 政府出于政治目的蓄意使战争逐步升级. /ˌeskəˈleɪʃn; ˌɛskə`leʃən/ n: an escalation in food prices 食物价格急剧上涨 * try to prevent an escalation of the war 竭力防止战争升级./ˈeskəleɪtə(r); `ɛskəˌletɚ/ n moving staircase carrying people up or down between floors or different levels (in a shop, underground railway, etc) 自动扶梯./eˈskælɒp; ɛ`skæləp/ n slice of boneless meat, usu coated in egg and breadcrumbs and fried 无骨肉片（通常裹以鸡蛋和面包屑油炸）: escalopes of veal 小牛肉片./ˌeskəˈpeɪd, ˈeskəpeɪd; ˌɛskə`ped, `ɛskəˌped/ n daring, mischievous or adventurous act; prank 大胆的、顽皮的或冒险的行为; 恶作剧: a foolish, childish, boyish, etc escapade 愚蠢的、幼稚的、男孩子的恶作剧./ɪˈskeɪp; ɪ`skep/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) get free; get away (from imprisonment or control) （从监禁、管制中）逃脱, 逃走: Two prisoners have escaped. 有两个囚犯越狱了. * A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了. * She longed to escape from her mother's domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵. * (fig 比喻) When life became too difficult, he escaped into a dream world of his own. 生活太困难时, 他就躲进了自己梦幻世界之中.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of gases, liquids, etc) find a way out (of a container, etc); leak; seep out （指气体、液体等）漏出, 泄漏, 渗出: There's gas escaping somewhere  can you smell it? 有什么地方漏煤气了--你闻到了吗? * Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出. * heat escaping through a window 从窗户散发出的热气.  3 [I, Tn no passive 不用于被动语态, Tg] keep free or safe from (sth unpleasant); avoid 避免或躲避（不愉快的事物）; 免除: Where can we go to escape the crowds? 我们到哪里才能躲开这些人群? * escape punishment/being punished 避免惩罚[受罚] * You can't escape the fact that... 你不 能逃避这样的事实....  4 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] be forgotten or unnoticed by (sb/sth) 被遗忘; 未被注意: Her name escapes me, ie I can't remember it. 我想不起她的名字了. * The fault escaped observation (ie was not spotted) for months. 这故障数月来未引起注意. * Nothing escapes you/your attention, ie You notice everything. 什么也瞒不了你.  5 (idm 习语) escape (sb's) `notice be missed or not noticed (by sb) 疏忽; 没注意到: It won't have escaped your notice that I've been unusually busy recently. 你一定注意到了我最近一直忙得不得了.

/ɪˈskeɪp; ɪ`skep/ n  1 [C, U] ~ (from sth) (act or action of) escaping; instance of having escaped 逃走; 逃脱: Escape from Dartmoor prison is difficult. 从达特穆尔监狱逃走非常困难. * There have been few successful escapes from this prison. 没有什么人能从这座监狱逃走. * When the guard's back was turned, she made her escape. 看守人一转过身去, 她就逃走了.  2 [C] means of escaping 逃走或逃生的手段: The fire-escape is at the back of the building. 太平门在建筑物的後面. * [attrib 作定语] The police have just found the escape vehicle. 警方刚找到逃走者使用的车辆. * He showed us our escape route on the map. 他在地图上指出我们逃走的路线. * escape-pipe/-valve, ie to release excess steam or water when the pressure is too great 排出管[阀]（压力过高时可释放出过剩的蒸汽或水）.  3 [sing] (thing that provides a) temporary distraction from reality or dull routine 暂时逃避现实（的消遣事物）: He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work. 他听音乐以缓解一下工作的压力.  4 [C] leak 漏出: an escape of gas 漏出煤气.  5 (idm 习语) make ,good one's e`scape manage to escape completely and satisfactorily 设法逃脱.part of a contract that releases a person, etc from obligations under certain conditions （契约的）例外条款.speed at which a spacecraft, etc must travel in order to leave the gravitational field of a planet, etc 逃逸速度（宇宙飞船等克服星球引力的速度）.n emergency exit from a ship, an aircraft, etc （船只、飞行器等的）紧急出口./ɪˌskeɪˈpiː; ˌɪske`pi/ n person who has escaped (esp from prison) 逃脱者; （尤指）越狱者./ɪˈskeɪpmənt; ɪ`skepmənt/ n part of a clock or watch that regulates the movement （钟表的）擒纵器./ɪˈskeɪpɪzəm; ɪ`skepɪzəm/ n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (habit of) trying to forget unpleasant realities by means of entertainment, fantasy, etc 逃避现实（的习气）: Drug-taking is a form of escapism for some people. 对有些人来说, 吸毒是一种逃避现实的手段./-pɪst; -pɪst/ n person whose behaviour is characterized by escapism 逃避现实的人: [attrib 作定语] escapist literature, eg romantic fiction 逃避现实的文学（如浪漫小说）./-lədʒɪst; -lədʒɪst/ n entertainer who specializes in this 脱身术表演者./ˌeskəˈpɒlədʒɪ; ˌɛske`pɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] practice or technique of escaping from confinement (esp chains, bags, etc) as a form of entertainment 脱身术（表演）（尤指从铁链、口袋等中挣脱）./ˈeskərəʊl; `ɛskəˌrol/ n [C, U] = endive 1./ɪˈskɑːpmənt; ɛ`skɑrpmənt/ n long steep slope or cliff separating two areas at different levels, usu a plateau and a low-lying plain （通常为处于高低两平原之间的）长而陡的坡或悬崖./ˌeskəˈtɒlədʒɪ; ˌɛskə`tɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] (religion 宗) branch of theology concerned with the end of the world and God's judgement of mankind after death 末世论（神学的一个范畴, 研究世界的终局和人死後上帝的审判）./ɪsˈtʃuː; ɪs`tʃu/ v [Tn] (fml 文) keep away from (sth); abstain from; avoid 避开（某事物）; 戒除; 回避: eschew political discussion 回避政治讨论./ˈeskɔːt; `ɛskɔrt/ n  1 [CGp] person or group of people, ships, vehicles, etc accompanying sb/sth to give protection or as an honour; person, etc accompanying valuable goods to guard them 进行护送的人、船、车辆等: The government provided an armed escort for the visiting head of State. 政府为到访的元首派出了武装卫队. * The Queen's yacht had an escort of ten destroyers. 有十艘驱逐舰为女王的游艇护航. * The gold bullion was transported under police escort. 金锭在警方的护送下运走了. * [attrib 作定语] soldiers on escort duty 执行护送任务的士兵.  2 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) person, esp a man and usu not a regular companion, who accompanies a member of the opposite sex on a particular social occasion （在社交场合）陪伴异性的人（尤指男人而通常并非经常作伴者）.

/ɪˈskɔːt; ɪ`skɔrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (to sth) accompany sb as an escort 护送某人: a princess escorted by soldiers 由士兵护送公主 * May I escort you to the ball? 我可以陪你去参加舞会吗? * Her brother's friend escorted her home. 她哥哥的朋友护送她回家./ˌeskrɪˈtwɑː(r); ˌɛskrɪ`twɑr/ n writing-desk with drawers for paper, envelopes, etc 写字台./ɪˈskʌtʃən; ɪ`skʌtʃən/ n  1 shield displaying a coat of arms 饰有纹章的盾.  2 (idm 习语) a blot on sb's/the escutcheon => blot1./ˈeskɪməʊ; `ɛskəˌmo/ (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作Eskimos / -mEUz; -moz/) (also Innuit, Inuit) n  1 [C] member of a people living in the Arctic regions of N America and E Siberia 爱斯基摩人: [attrib 作定语] Eskimo art 爱斯基摩艺术.  2 [U] language of this people 爱斯基摩语./ˌiː es ˈel; ˌi ɛs `ɛl/ abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Second Language 作为第二语言的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 EFL./ˌiː es ˈen; ˌi ɛs `ɛn/ abbr 缩写 = educationally subnormal (because mentally handicapped) （因智力低下）教育逊常的.(US) = oesophagus./ˌesəʊˈterɪk, ˌiːsəʊ-; ˌɛsə`tɛrɪk/ adj (fml 文) likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的: esoteric poetry, imagery, language, etc 难懂的诗、意象、语言等./ˌiː es ˈpiː; ˌi ɛs `pi/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (teaching, learning or studying) English for Special/Specific (eg scientific, technical, etc) Purposes 专业英语（教学或研究）.  2 extra-sensory perception 超感知觉.abbr 缩写 = especially./ˈespədrɪl; `ɛspəˌdrɪl/ n light canvas shoe with a plaited rope sole （鞋底为绳索编结的）帆布便鞋./ɪˈspælɪeɪ; <i>US</i> ɪˈspæljər; ɪ`spæljɚ/ n (tree or shrub whose branches are trained on a) wooden or wire frame in a garden 树棚; （树架上）枝杈盘绕的树./ɪˈspeʃl; ɪ`spɛʃəl/ adj (a) exceptional; outstanding; special 特别的; 突出的; 特殊的: a matter of especial interest 特别有趣的事. (b) belonging mainly to one person or thing; particular 特有的; 独有的: for your especial benefit 为了你特有的利益./ɪˈspeʃəlɪ; ɪ`spɛʃlɪ/ adv in particular; specially 尤其; 特别: This is especially for you. 这是特别为你准备的. * I love the country, especially in spring. 我喜爱乡村, 尤其是在春天./ˌespəˈrntəʊ; ˌɛspə`rænto/ n [U] artificial language designed for use by all nations 世界语./ˈespɪənɑːʒ; `ɛspɪənɑʒ/ n [U] practice of spying or using spies to obtain secret information 间谍活动: found guilty of espionage 犯有间谍活动罪 * engage in espionage 从事间谍活动 * industrial espionage, ie spying on the secret plans of rival companies 工业情报刺探活动./ˌespləˈneɪd; ˌɛsplə`ned/ n level area of open ground where people may walk, ride or drive for pleasure, esp by the sea （可供散步、骑马、开车游玩的）广场; （尤指）海滨广场./ɪˈspaʊzl; ɪ`spaᴜzl/ n [U] (fml 文) ~ of sth espousing of (a cause, etc) 支持; 拥护: his recent espousal of communism 他最近对共产主义的拥护./ɪˈspaʊz; ɪ`spaᴜz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) give one's support to (a cause, theory, etc) 支持, 拥护（某主张、理论等）: espousing feminism 拥护女权主义./eˈspresəʊ; ɛs`prɛso/ n (pl ~s) [C, U] (cup of) coffee made by forcing boiling water under pressure through ground coffee （一杯）蒸馏咖啡: `Two espressos, please.' ｀请来两杯蒸馏咖啡.＇/eˈspriː; ɛ`spri/ n [U] (French 法) lively wit 机智./eˌspriː də ˈkɔː(r); ɛ`spridə`kɔr/ (French 法) loyalty and devotion uniting the members of a group 团结精神./ɪˈspaɪ; ɪ`spaɪ/ v (pt, pp espied) [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) catch sight of (sb/sth) 看到（某人[某事物]）: Was it you I espied jogging in the park this morning? 我今天早上看到在公园里有个人慢跑, 是你吗?abbr 缩写 = (fml 文 esp Brit) Esquire: Edgar Broughton, Esq, eg on a letter addressed to him 如用作书信中的称谓./ɪˈskwaɪə(r); <i>US</i> ˈes-; `ɛsˌkwaɪr/ n (Brit fml 文) (abbr 缩写 Esq) polite title added after a man's surname (instead of Mr before it), esp in addressing letters （用作男子的尊称, 加在姓後, 尤用于书信中, Mr则用于姓前）: He wrote `Peter Mitchell, Esq' on the envelope. 他在信封上写了Peter Mitchell, Esq./ˈeseɪ; `ɛse/ n piece of writing, usu short and in prose, on any one subject 文章; （尤指）短文, 小品文, 散文: We had to write three essays in the history exam. 我们考历史要写三篇短文.

/eˈseɪ; ɛ`se/ v [Tn] (dated fml 旧, 文) try (sth); attempt 尝试（某事物）; 企图: essay a task 试做一工作.

/ˈeseɪ; ɛ`se/ n (dated fml 旧, 文) ~ (at/in sth) attempt 试图./-ɪst; -ɪst/ n writer of essays, esp for publication （文章的）作者: Bacon was a famous essayist. 培根是着名的散文家./ˈesns; `ɛsns/ n  1 [U] that which makes a thing what it is; most important or indispensable quality of sth 本质; 精髓; 要素: The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed. 他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功. * She was the essence of kindness. 她本性善良.  2 [C, U] extract of a plant, drug, etc, containing all its important qualities in concentrated form （植物、药物等的）精华, 精髓: vanilla essence 香草精 * meatessences 肉汁.  3 (idm 习语) in `essence fundamentally; essentially 大体上; 本质上: The two arguments are inessence the same. 这两个论点大致相同. of the `essencevery important; indispensable 非常重要的; 不可缺少的: Speed is of the essence in dealing with an emergency. 在处理紧急事件时, 速度是非常重要的./ɪˈsenʃl; ɪ`sɛnʃəl/ adj  1 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (to/for sth) necessary; indispensable; most important 必要; 不可缺少; 最重要: Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对于幸福是必不可少的吗? * It's essential that you attend all the meetings. 你务必要参加所有的会议. * `Secretary wanted: previous experience essential.' ｀招聘秘书: 须有经验.＇  2 [attrib 作定语] relating to sb's/sth's basic nature; fundamental 本质的; 基本的: His essential decency makes it impossible to dislike him. 他十分正派, 使人不能不喜欢他. * What is the essential theme of the play? 这剧本的主题是什么?

n (usu pl 通常作复数) fundamentally necessary element or thing 要素; 要点: A knowledge of French is an absolute essential. 会些法语是非常必要的. * the essentials of English grammar 英语语法纲要 * We only had time to pack a few essentials. 我们只来得及装上几件必需品.oil extracted from a plant and used in making perfume, flavourings, etc 香精油; 香料油./ɪˈsenʃəlɪ; ɪ`sɛnʃəlɪ/ adv in his/its true nature; basically 本质上; 基本上: He's essentially a very generous man. 他本质上是个十分慷慨的人./ˌiː es ˈtiː; ˌi ɛs `ti/ abbr 缩写 =  1 (US) Eastern Standard Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EDT.  2 (medical 医) electro-shock treatment (used esp on psychiatric patients) 电休克疗法（尤用于精神病患者）.abbr 缩写 =  1 established: Hyde, Jekyll and Co, est 1902 海德杰基尔公司成立于1902年.  2 estimate(d)./ɪˈstæblɪʃ; ɪ`stæblɪʃ/ v  1 [Tn] set (sth) up on a firm or permanent basis 建立, 设立（某事物）: This business was established in 1860. 这家公司成立于1860年. * establish a close relationship with sb 与某人建立起密切的关系.  2 [Tn only passive 只用于被动语态, Tn.pr only passive 只用于被动语态, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (as sth) place sb/oneself in a position, office, etc, usu on a permanent basis 使某人[自己]任职; 安置; 安顿: We are now comfortably established in our new house. 我们现已在新居舒适地安顿下来了. * He established himself as governor of the province. 他当上了省长. * She's now firmly established (in business) as an art dealer. 她已稳固地奠定了艺术品商的地位.  3 [Tn, Tf, Tw] show (sth) to be true; prove 确定（某事物）; 证实: We've established his innocence/(the fact) that he's innocent. 我们已证实他无罪. * The police can't establish where he was at the time. 警方无法确定当时他在哪里.  4 [Tn, Cn.n/a] cause people to accept (a belief, custom, claim, etc) 使人接受（信仰、风俗、要求等）: Established practices are difficult to change. 积习难改. * His second novel established his fame as a writer. 他的第二部小说确立了他作家之名.adj [attrib 作定语] (of a Church or religion) made official for a country （指教会或信仰）成为国教的: Anglicanism is the established religion in England. 英国圣公会是英国国教./ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt; ɪ`stæblɪʃmənt/ n  1 [U] action of creating or setting up 设立; 建立: the establishment of a new college 新学院的成立.  2 [C] (fml or joc 文或谑) (premises of a) business organization or large institution 商业机构或大型机关（的房屋建筑）: an educational establishment, eg a school 教育机构（如学校） * What made you come and work in this establishment? 你到这个机构来工作的原因是什么?  3 [sing] group of people employed in an organization, a household, etc 一机构的雇员、家庭成员等: We have a large establishment, ie many staff. 我们员工编制很大（有许多职工）.  4 the Establishment [sing] n (esp Brit often derog 常作贬义) group of powerful people who influence or control policies, ideas, taste, etc and usually support what has been traditionally accepted 当权派（通常为守旧派）: the musical, intellectual, artistic, etc Establishment 音乐界的、知识界的、艺术界等的当权派 * [attrib 作定语] an Establishment figure 一位当权派./ɪˈsteɪt; ɪ`stet/ n  1 [C] area of land, esp in the country, with one owner 地产; （尤指）庄园: He owns a large estate in Scotland. 他在苏格兰有大量地产.  2 [C] (esp Brit) large area of land developed for a specific purpose, eg for houses or factories 作某种用途的地区（如兴建房屋或工厂）: a housing/a trading/an industrial estate 住宅区[商业区/工业区].  3 [U, C] (law 律) all the money and property that a person owns, esp that which is left at death 个人财产; （尤指）遗产: Her estate was divided between her four children. 她的遗产分给了她的四个子女.  4 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) political or social group or class 政治的或社会的集团或等级: the three Estates of the Realm, ie (in Britain) the bishops, the lords and the common people （欧洲封建时代的）三个等级（在英国为僧侣、贵族和平民）.  5 [sing] (dated fml 旧, 文) condition; stage in life 状况; 生活阶段: the holy estate of matrimony 已婚状况.person whose job is to buy and sell houses for others 房地产经纪人.car with a large area for luggage behind the rear folding seats and a door or doors at the back for easy loading 客货两用轿车; 旅行轿车. =>illus at car 见car之插图.abbr 缩写 = est./ɪˈstiːm; ɪ`stim/ v (fml 文) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态)  1 [Tn] have a high opinion of (sb/sth); respect greatly 尊重, 尊敬（某人[某事物]）: I esteem his work highly. 我非常尊重他的工作.  2 [Cn.n] consider; regard 考虑; 认为: I esteem it a privilege to address such a distinguished audience. 我认为能向各位贵宾演讲十分荣幸.

n high regard; favourable opinion 尊重; 看重: Since he behaved so badly he's gone down in my esteem, ie I do not esteem him so highly. 他表现非常恶劣, 使我对他的看法一落千丈. * She is held in great/high/low esteem by those who know her well. 熟悉她的人都极为[甚为/不太]尊重她.(US) = aesthete, aesthetic (aesthete).=> esthete/ˈestɪməbl; `ɛstəməbl/ adj (dated or fml 旧或文) worthy of great respect 值得尊敬的./ˈestɪmət; `ɛstəmət/ n  1 judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth 估计; 估价: I can give you a rough estimate of the number of bricks you will need. 我可大略估算一下你需要多少砖. * This is an outside estimate of the price, ie an estimate of the highest probable price. 这是最高的估价.  2 statement of the price a builder, etc will probably charge for doing specified work （营造商等对承建工程的）报价: We got estimates from three different contractors before accepting the lowest. 我们得到三个承包商的报价後, 接受了价钱最低的. Cf 参看 quotation 4.  3 judgement of the character or qualities of sb/sth （对某人[事物]性格或质量的）判断: I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities. 我对她不太了解, 无法对她的能力作出判断.

/ˈestɪmeɪt; `ɛstəˌmet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (at sth) form an approximate idea of sth; calculate roughly the cost, size, value, etc of sth 估计: We estimated his income at/to be about 8000 a year. 我们估计他一年的收入大约8000英镑. * She estimated that the work would take three months. 她估计这项工作需要三个月. * Can you estimate its length/how long it is? 你能估计其长度[它有多长]吗?  2 [Ipr] ~ for sth calculate the probable price of (a specified job) 估算（某项工作）的费用: We asked our builder to estimate for the repair of the ceiling. 我们要求营造商估算一下修理天花板的费用. Cf 参看 quote 3./ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn; ˌɛstə`meʃən/ n  1 [U] judgement; opinion; regard 判断; 意见; 认为: In my estimation, he's the more suitable candidate. 我认为他是更合适的人选.  2 (idm 习语) go up/down in sb's estimation be regarded more/less highly by sb 增加[降低]对某人的尊敬: She's certainly gone up in my estimation since she told the boss what she thought of him. 她对老板讲了自己对他的看法後, 我就更加尊敬她了./ɪˈstreɪndʒ; ɪ`strendʒ/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb) cause (sb formerly loving or friendly) to become unfriendly to sb 使（某人）疏远某人; 离间: He's estranged from his wife, ie no longer living with her. 他和妻子分居了. * They are estranged. 他们疏远了.n  1 [U] state of being estranged 疏远.  2 [C] instance of this 疏远: cause an estrangement between two old friends 导致两个老朋友彼此疏远./ˈestʃʊərɪ; <i>US</i> -ʊerɪ; `ɛstʃᴜˌɛrɪ/ n [C] wide river mouth into which the tide flows 河口湾: the Thames estuary 泰晤士河河口./ˌet ˈæl; ˌɛt `æl/ abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) and other people or things (Latin et alii/alia) 以及其他人或事物（源自拉丁文et alii/alia）: The concert included works by Mozart et al. 音乐会上演奏莫扎特等人的作品./ɪt ˈsetərə, et-; ɪt `sɛtərə, ɛt-/ (usu abbr 通常缩写作 etc) and other similar things; and the rest; and so on 以及诸如此类的事物; 及其他等等; 等等./ˌet ˈsek; ˌɛt `sɛk/ abbr 缩写 = (pl et seqq) and the following (page(s), item(s), etc) (Latin et sequens/sequentia) 以及下列（各页、各项等）（源自拉丁文et sequens/sequentia）: for further information see pp 9 et seq 详情见第9页起之各页.

/ˌet ˈsek; ˌɛt `sɛk/ abbr 缩写 = (pl et seqq) and the following (page(s), item(s), etc) (Latin et sequens/sequentia) 以及下列（各页、各项等）（源自拉丁文 et sequens/sequentia）: for further information see pp 9 et seq 详情见第 9 页起之各页./ˌiː tiː ˈeɪ; ˌi ti `e/ abbr 缩写 = estimated time of arrival (when travelling) （旅行时）估计的到达时间: leave London 10. 05, eta Paris 12. 30.  10时05分离开伦敦, 估计12时30分到达巴黎. Cf 参看 ETD./ɪtˈsetərəz, et-; ɪt`sɛtərəz, ɛt-/ n [pl] (infml 口) the usual extra things 额外事物; 零星杂项: It's not just the food for the guests I have to think about  there are all the etceteras as well. 我要考虑的不仅仅是客人的食物--还有其他各种东西./etʃ; ɛtʃ/ v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/onto sth) use a needle and acid to make (a picture, etc) on a metal plate from which copies may be printed 用针和酸类在金属板上蚀刻（图画等）: (fig 比喻) The incident remained etched on her memory for years. 那次事件多年来一直铭刻在她的记忆中. (b) [I] make pictures, etc in this way 蚀刻: She enjoys etching. 她喜爱作蚀刻画.n person who etches 蚀刻师.n  1 [U] art of making etched prints 蚀刻术.  2 [C] copy printed from an etched plate 蚀刻板画: Hanging on the wall was a fine etching of the church. 挂在墙上的是一幅精致的教堂蚀刻板画./ˌiː tiː ˈdiː; ˌi ti `di/ abbr 缩写 = estimated time of departure (when travelling) （旅行时）估计的离开时间: arrive Paris 12.30, etd (for) Lyons 14.00  12时30分到达巴黎, 估计14时整启程前往里昂. Cf 参看 ETA./ɪˈtɜːnl; ɪ`tɝnl/ adj  1 without beginning or end; lasting or existing for ever 永久的; 永恒的; 不朽的: the Eternal God 上帝 * eternal life, ie life after death of the body 永生 * eternal love 永恒的爱.  2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) seeming never to stop; (too) frequent 似乎不停的; （过于）频繁的: Stop this eternal chatter! 不要罗嗦个不停! * I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你那没完没了的争论.  3 (idm 习语) the eternal `triangle situation in which two people are both in love with the same person of the opposite sex 三角恋爱. the eternal `verities fundamental moral principles; laws of God 基本的道德准则; 永恒的真理./ɪˈtɜːnəlɪ; ɪ`tɝnlɪ/ adv  1 throughout all time; for ever 永远地; 永久地.  2 (infml 口) (a) always 永远: I'll be eternally grateful to you. 我永远感激你. (b) (too) frequently （过于）频繁: He's eternally telephoning me early in the morning. 他总是大清早给我打电话./ɪˈtɜːnətɪ; ɪ`tɝnətɪ/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) time without end; state or time of life after death 永恒; 来世; 永生.  2 an eternity [sing] (infml 口) a very long time that seems endless 漫长的时间: It seemed an eternity before the police arrived. 似乎等到猴年马月警察才来.finger-ring with gems set all round it symbolizing eternity 四周镶有宝石象徵永恒的戒指: He gave her an eternity ring when their son was born. 他们的儿子出世後他送给她一枚表示永恒的戒指./ˈiːθə(r); `iθɚ/ n [U]  1 colourless liquid made from alcohol, used in industry as a solvent to dissolve fats, etc and (esp formerly) medically as an anaesthetic 醚; 乙醚.  2 (also aether) (a) (arch or joc 古或谑) the upper air 上空: Today's news goes into the ether and is soon forgotten. 今天的新闻广播听後不久即置于脑後了. (b) type of substance formerly believed to fill all space through which light waves were thought to travel 以太./ɪˈθɪərɪəl; ɪ`θɪrɪəl/ adj  1 of unearthly delicacy and lightness; seeming too spiritual or fairy-like for this world 轻巧的; 超凡的: ethereal music, beauty 轻柔的音乐、超凡的美.  2 (arch 古) of the pure upper air above the clouds 苍天的./ˈeθɪk; `ɛθɪk/ n  1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准; 行为准则: the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观 * the Christian ethic 基督徒的伦理观.  2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学: Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科. (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范: The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是否合乎道德规范值得怀疑. * Medical ethics (ie those observed by the medical profession) forbid a doctor to have a love affair with a patient. 行医道德有规定, 禁止医生与病人谈恋爱./-kl; -kl/ adj  1 of morals or moral questions 道德的; 道德上的问题的: largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题 * an ethical basis for education 教育的道德基础.  2 morally correct 合乎道德的: His behaviour has not been strictly ethical. 他的行为不太道德. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈeθnɪk; `ɛθnɪk/ adj  1 of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition 民族的; 种族的; 部落的: ethnic minorities, groups, communities, etc 少数民族的; 族群的; 种族社区的等.  2 (typical) of a particular cultural group 某文化群体的（典型的）: ethnic clothes, food, music 民族的服装、食物、音乐 * an ethnic restaurant 具有民族风味的饭店. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./eθˈnɒgrəfə(r); ɛθ`nɑˇrəfɚ/ n student of or expert in ethnography 人种志研究者; 人种志专家./ˌeθnəˈgræfɪk; ˌɛθnə`ˇræfɪk/ adj./eθˈnɒgrəfɪ; ɛθ`nɑˇrəfɪ/ n [U] scientific description of the different human races 人种志./ˌeθnəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌɛθnə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj of ethnology 民族学的./eθˈnɒlədʒɪst; ɛθ`nɑlədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in ethnology 民族学研究者; 民族学家./eθˈnɒlədʒɪ; ɛθ`nɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] science of the different human races, their characteristics, relations to one another, etc 民族学. Cf 参看 anthropology, sociology./ˈiːθɒs; `iθɑs/ n (fml 文) characteristic spirit, moral values, ideas or beliefs of a group, community or culture （集体、社团、文化的）气质、道德观、思想或信仰: the revolutionary ethos 革命精神 * His book captures exactly the ethos of Elizabethan England. 他的书准确地描绘了英国伊丽莎白时代的风土人情./ˌeθɪl ˈælkəhɒl or, rarely 罕读作 ˌiːθaɪl-;ˌɛθəl `ælkəˌhɔl/ base of alcoholic drinks, also used as a fuel or solvent 乙醇./ˈiːtɪəʊleɪt; `itɪəˌlet/ v [Tn]  1 (botany 植) make (a plant) pale through lack of light 使（植物）因缺乏日光而变白: an etiolated seedling 发黄的幼苗.  2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to become pale and weak 使（某人）苍白衰弱: an etiolated adolescent 面黄肌瘦的少年 * (fig 比喻) an etiolated society 颓废的社会. /ˌiːtɪəʊˈleɪʃn; ˌitɪə`leʃən/ n [U].(US) = aetiology./ˈetɪket, -kət; `ɛtɪˌkɛt, -kət/ n [U] formal rules of correct and polite behaviour in society or among members of a profession 礼节; 礼仪: Etiquette was considered very important in Victorian England. 英国在维多利亚时代非常注重礼仪. * medical, legal etiquette 医务界的、法律界的成规./ˌetɪməˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌɛtəmə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj of etymology 词源学的; 词源的./ˌetɪˈmɒlədʒɪst; ˌɛtə`mɑlədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in etymology 词源学研究者; 词源学家./ˌetɪˈmɒlədʒɪ; ˌɛtə`mɑlədʒɪ/ n  1 [U] study of the origin and history of words and their meanings 词源学.  2 [C] account of the origin and history of a particular word 词源: This dictionary does not give etymologies. 这部词典不介绍词源./ˌjuːkəˈlɪptəs; ˌjukə`lɪptəs/ n (pl ~es or -lypti / -5lIptaI; -`lIptaI/)  1 (also euca`lyptus tree) any of several types of tall evergreen trees (including the Australian gum-tree), from which oil, timber and gum are obtained 桉树属.  2 (also euca`lyptus oil) [U] oil obtained from its leaves, used as a treatment for colds 桉树油（用以治疗感冒）./ˈjuːkərɪst; `jukərɪst/ n the Eucharist [sing] (the bread and wine taken at) the Christian ceremony based on Christ's last supper 圣餐; 圣体; （圣餐中用的）饼和葡萄酒. Cf 参看 communion./juːˈdʒenɪks; jᴜ`dʒɛnɪks/ n [sing v] science of the production of healthy intelligent children with the aim of improving the human genetic stock1(6) 优生学; 人种改良学.=> eulogize/ˈjuːlədʒɪst; `julədʒɪst/ n person who does this 颂扬者; 作颂词者./ˌjuːləˈdʒɪstɪk; ˌjulə`dʒɪstɪk/ adj (of a speech or piece of writing) full of high praise （指言语或文字）颂扬的: eulogistic articles about his latest book 对他的新书的赞扬文章./ˈjuːlədʒaɪz; `juləˌdʒaɪz/ v [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) praise (sb/sth) highly in speech or writing 称赞, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: eulogizing over the vintage wine 称誉佳酿./ˈjuːlədʒɪ; `julədʒɪ/ n [C, U] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) (speech or piece of writing containing) high praise of a person or thing 颂词; 颂文: a poem of eulogy to the princess 献给公主的颂诗 * Her latest film has brought eulogies from the critics. 她最近的这部电影获得影评界的好评./ˈjuːnək; `junək/ n castrated man, esp one formerly employed in the women's quarters of some oriental courts 阉人; （尤指）宦官, 太监./ˈjuːfəmɪzəm; `jufəˌmɪzəm/ n [C, U] (example of the) use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones 委婉说法; 委婉话: `Pass away' is a euphemism for `die'. ｀去世＇是｀死＇的委婉说法. * `Pass water' is a euphemism for `urinate'. ｀小便＇是｀排尿＇的委婉语./ˌjuːfəˈmɪstɪk; ˌjufə`mɪstɪk/ adj (of speech or writing) consisting of or containing euphemisms（指言语或文字）委婉的: euphemistic language, expressions, terms, words, etc 委婉的语言、用语、词语、言语等, euphemistically/ -klI; -klI/ adv./juːˈfəʊnɪəs; ju`fonɪəs/ adj of a pleasing sound 悦耳的: euphonious musical notes 悦耳的音调./juːˈfəʊnɪəm; ju`fonɪəm/ n large brass musical wind instrument, a type of tuba 次中音大号./ˈjuːfənɪ; `jufənɪ/ n (fml 文) (a) [U] pleasantness of sound, esp in words 声音（尤指语音）的和谐. (b) [C, U] pleasing sound 悦耳的声音: the euphony of a speaker's voice 演讲者的声音悦耳./juːˈfɔːrɪə; ju`fɔrɪə/ n [U] intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement 愉快和兴奋的感觉: She was still in a state of euphoria hours after her victory. 她获胜後几小时仍喜气洋洋. /juːˈfɒrɪk; <i>US</i> -ˈfɔːr-; ju`fɔrɪk/ adj: euphoric shouts of victory 胜利的欢呼声.comb form 构词成分 European; of Europe 欧洲的: Eurasian * Euro-Communist./jʊəˈreɪʒə; jᴜ`reʒə/ n Europe and Asia 欧亚大陆./jʊəˈreɪʒn; jᴜ`reʒən/ n, adj (person) of mixed European and Asian parentage; of Europe and Asia 欧亚混血的（人）; 欧亚大陆的./jʊəˈriːkə; jᴜ`rikə/ interj (joc 谑) I have found it! 我找到了! (a cry of triumph at making a discovery 有所发现时得意的呼声): Eureka  a job at last! 我找到了--终于找到工作了!/juːˈrɪðmɪks; jᴜ`rɪðmɪks/ n [sing v] (a) system of exercising the body through movement to music 韵律体操. (b) dancing in this style 韵律舞蹈./ˈjʊərəʊtʃek; `jᴜroˌtʃɛk/ n (cheque issued under an) arrangement between European banks allowing customers in one country to cash cheques, etc in another 欧洲通用支票./ˈjʊərəkræt; `jᴜrəˌkræt/ n person, esp one in a senior position, who works in the administration of the European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体的官员（尤指高级官员）: the Brussels Eurocrats 布鲁塞尔的欧洲经济共同体官员./ˈjʊərəʊdɒlə(r); `jᴜroˌdɑlɚ/ n US dollar put into European banks to act as an international currency and help the financing of trade and commerce 欧洲美元（存入欧洲银行的美元）./ˌjʊərəˈpɪən; ˌjᴜrə`piən/  1 n, adj (native) of Europe 欧洲的（土著）: ,European `languages 欧洲的语 言.  2 adj happening in or extending over Europe 在欧洲发生或传播的: an author with European recognition 名闻欧洲的作家./juːˌsteɪʃn ˈtjuːb; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːb; jᴜ`steʃən `tub/ (anatomy 解) narrow passage extending from the middle ear to the throat 耳咽管; 欧氏管: The child has earache caused by blocked Eustachian tubes. 这孩子因耳咽管堵塞而引起耳痛. =>illus at ear  见ear之插图.

/juːˌsteɪʃn ˈtjuːb; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːb; jᴜ`steʃən `tub/ (anatomy 解) narrow passage extending from the middle ear to the throat 耳咽管; 欧氏管: The child has earache caused by blocked Eustachian tubes. 这孩子因耳咽管堵塞而引起耳痛. =>illus at ear  见 ear 之插图./ˌjuːθəˈneɪzɪə; <i>US</i> -ˈneɪʒə; ˌjuθə`neʒə/ n [U] (bringing about of a) gentle and painless death for a person suffering from a painful incurable disease, extreme old age, etc 安乐死（术）; 安死术: It is against the law for doctors to practise euthanasia, ie to kill patients to prevent suffering. 医生施行安死术是违法的./ɪˈvækjʊeɪt; ɪ`vækjᴜˌet/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) (to...) remove sb from a place of danger to a safer place, esp in time of war 将某人移往较安全处（尤指战时）; 疏散: The children were evacuated to the country when the city was being bombed. 城市遭到轰炸时, 儿童都疏散到乡下去了.  2 [Tn] (esp military 尤用于军事) leave or withdraw from (a place) esp because of danger 撤离（某处）（尤指因危险）: The soldiers evacuated the area as the enemy advanced. 敌军推进时, 士兵都撤出了那地区. * The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly. 火山爆发处附近已迅速撤空.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) ~ sth (of sth) empty (esp the bowels) of their contents 排空（尤指肠）./ɪˌvækjʊˈeɪʃn; ɪˌvækjᴜ`eʃən/ n  1 [U] act of evacuating or state of being evacuated 疏散; 撤离; 排空: the evacuation of thousands of people after a flood 洪水过後成千上万人离乡背井 * the evacuation of a town 城市的撤空.  2 [C] instance of this 疏散; 撤离; 排空./ɪˌvækjʊˈiː; ɪ`vækjᴜˌi/ n person who is evacuated (evacuate 1) 被疏散者: evacuees from the battle area 来自战区的逃难者./ɪˈveɪd; ɪ`ved/ v [Tn]  1 get or keep out of the way of (sb/sth) 躲开, 避开（某人[某事物]）: evade the police, an attack, an enemy 躲避警察、袭击、敌人.  2 find a way of not doing (sth, esp sth that legally or morally ought to be done); avoid 逃避（尤指法律或道德上的责任）: evade military service 逃避兵役 * evade capture by the police 躲避警方的追捕.  3 avoid answering (a question) fully or honestly 回避如实的答覆（问题）: The policeman evaded all the difficult questions. 那警察回避了所有难以答覆的问题./ɪˈvæljʊeɪt; ɪ`væljᴜˌet/ v [Tn] find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess 评价, 估计, 评估（某人[某事物]）: (fml 文) evaluate her chances of success 估计她成功的机会 * I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力. /ɪˌvljʊˈeɪʃn; ɪˌvæljᴜ`eʃən/ n [C, U]./-sns; -sns/ n [U]./ˌiːvəˈnesnt; <i>US</i> ˌev-; ˌɛvə`nɛsnt/ adj (fml 文) quickly fading; soon disappearing from memory 迅速消失的; 不久便淡忘的: as evanescent as snowflakes on a river 如雪花落入河中, 瞬即消失 * a pop singer's evanescent fame 流行歌曲演唱者一瞬即逝的声誉./ˌiːvænˈdʒelɪkl; ˌivæn`dʒɛlɪkl/ adj  1 of or according to the teachings of the Christian Gospel, or the Christian religion 福音的; 根据福音的.  2 of a Protestant group which believes that the soul can be saved only by faith in Christ 福音派新教会的.

n member of this group 福音派新教信徒./-əlɪzəm; -əlɪzəm/ n [U] evangelical(2) beliefs and teachings 福音派新教会的信仰与教义.=> evangelizen [U]. evangelistic/ I9vndVE5lIstIk; I9vAndVE`lIstIk/ adj./ɪˈvændʒəlɪst; ɪ`vændʒəlɪst/ n  1 any one of the four writers (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) of the Gospels in the Bible 四福音书作者（马太、马可、路加、约翰）.  2 preacher of the Gospel, esp one who travels around holding evangelical(2) religious meetings 福音传道者; （尤指）布道家: converted to Christianity by a fervent American evangelist 受虔诚的美国布道家感化而皈依基督教 /ɪˈvændʒəlaɪz; ɪ`vændʒəˌlaɪz/ v [I, Tn] (a) (fml 文) preach or spread the Christian gospel to (sb) with the aim of converting 宣讲福音使（某人）皈依基督教. (b) try to win support from (sb) for a cause 争取（某人）支持某事: Health food supporters are always evangelizing. 喜爱保健食品的人总爱劝别人都吃保健食品./ɪˈvæpəreɪt; ɪ`væpəˌret/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into vapour and disappear （使某物）蒸发掉: The water soon evaporated in the sunshine. 水在阳光下不久就蒸发了. * Heat evaporates water into steam. 水受热变成水蒸气. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1.  2 [I] (fig 比喻) be lost or cease to exist 消失; 不复存在: His hopes evaporated, ie he no longer felt any hope.他的希望破灭了. thick unsweetened milk, usu bought in tins, which has had some of the liquid removed by evaporation 淡炼乳（通常为罐装）: The pudding was made with evaporated milk. 这布丁是用淡炼乳做的./ɪˌvpəˈreɪʃn; ɪˌvæpə`reʃən/ n [U]./ɪˈveɪʒn; ɪ`veʒən/ n  1 [C, U] keeping out of the way of sb; avoidance 躲避某人; 规避; 逃避: the burglar's evasion of the police 窃贼躲避警察 * evasion of responsibility 逃避责任 * He's been accused of tax evasion. 他被控逃税.  2 [C] statement, excuse, etc made to avoid fully answering a question （避免如实回答问题的）遁辞, 借口, 推托: His answers to my questions were nothing but clever evasions. 他回答我的问题时顾左右而言他./ɪˈveɪsɪv; ɪ`vesɪv/ adj  1 (a) having the aim or intention of avoiding capture, of not giving a direct answer, etc 躲避的; 逃避的; 推诿的: evasive tactics 规避战术 * Her manner was always very evasive; she would never look straight at me. 她的样子总是躲躲闪闪的, 从来不正眼看我. (b) not direct or straightforward 不直接的; 不坦率的; 转弯抹角的: an evasive answer to a question 对问题躲躲闪闪的答覆.  2 (idm 习语) take evasive action (esp of a plane, ship, etc in war) do sth in order to avoid danger, etc （尤指在战争中飞机、军舰等的）规避动作（以避免危险）: The pilot took evasive action to avoid a collision with the enemy aircraft. 驾驶员采取规避动作以免与敌机相撞. * (joc 谑) Stephen didn't want to see his sister, so he quickly took evasive action and hid under the bed. 斯蒂芬不愿见他的姐姐, 便立即采取规避动作, 藏到床底下去了. adv. n [U]: Politicians are often accused of evasiveness. 政客常因左右言他而受人指责./iːv; iv/ n (in the Bible story of the Creation) the first woman on earth, created by God 夏娃（《圣经》故事《创世纪》中上帝造的第一个女人）: Adam and Eve 亚当和夏娃./iːv; iv/ n  1 day or evening before a religious festival or holiday （宗教节日或假日的）前日, 前夕: Christmas Eve, ie 24 Dec 圣诞节前夕（12月24日） * New Year's Eve, ie 31 Dec 除夕（12月31日）.  2 time just before an important event 重大事件即将发生的时刻; 前夕: the eve of the election 选举前夕 * on the eve of the race 比赛前夕.  3 (arch 古) evening 傍晚: a perfect summer eve 美丽的夏日黄昏./ˈiːvn; `ivən/ adj  1 level; smooth; flat 平的; 平滑的; 平坦的: the most even part of the golf course 高尔夫球场最平坦的地方 * A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平.  2 unchanging in quality; regular; steady 均匀的; 有规律的; 稳定的: This wine cellar stays at an even temperature all year round. 这个酒窖常年保持恒温. * an even colour 均匀的颜色 * even breathing 均匀的呼吸 * The child's pulse is now even. 孩子的脉搏现在稳定了.  3 (a) (of amounts, distances, values) equal （指数量、距离、价值等）相等的: Our scores are now even. 我们的分数现在相等了. * The two horses were even in the race. 那两匹马比赛成绩相当. (b) (of two people or things) equally balanced or matched （指两个人或物）均衡的; 不相上下的: I'd say the two players are pretty even. 我认为这两个选手不相上下. * an even game 平局.  4 (of numbers) divisible by two with no remainder （指数目）偶数的: 4, 6, 8, 10, etc are even numbers. 4、6、8、10等是偶数. Cf 参看 odd.  5 (of temperament, etc) not easily upset; calm （指性情等）稳定的, 温和的: of an even disposition 性情平和的 * She has a very even temper. 她的性情非常温和. * an even-tempered baby 温顺的婴儿.  6 (idm 习语) an even `chance (of doing sth) an equally balanced probability (of sth happening or not) （某事发生与否的）可能性相等: I'd say he has an even chance of winning the match. 我认为她赢这场比赛有一半的机会. be/get even (with sb) have/get one's revenge on sb 向（某人）报复: Bill swore he'd get even with his brother, who'd played a dirty trick on him. 比尔上了哥哥的当, 发誓要报复. break `even make neither a loss nor a profit 不赔不赚: It will be a year before the firm makes a profit but at least it's breaking even. 这家公司一年以後才能赢利, 现在至少已不赔不赚了. even `chances/`odds/`money (also evens) (a) (in betting) equal probability of a horse, etc winning or losing （下赌注时）（赛马等）输赢的可能性相等: It's even money whether the new horse comes first or last. 这匹新马跑得最快或最慢的可能性是相同的. (b) equal probability of sth happening or not happening 某事发生与否的可能性相等: It's even odds/The odds are even that he'll be late. 他有一半的可能性要迟到. honours are even => honour1. on an even `keel (a) (of a ship) without movement to one side or the other （指船）不倾斜, 平稳. (b) (fig 比喻) maintaining steady undisturbed progress (in life) （生活）稳定: It took him a long time to get back on an even keel after his wife died. 他妻子死後很久他情绪才稳定下来.  7 (phr v) even out become level or regular 变得平坦或稳定: The path ran steeply up the hill and then evened out. 这条路很陡, 到山上就平坦了. * House prices keep rising and falling but they will eventually even out. 房价有涨有落, 但终会稳定的. even sth out spread sth evenly over a period of time or among a number of people 将某事物平均分散到某段时间或分配给每个人: Payments can be evened out on a monthly basis over the year. 全部款项可以在一年中按月平均交纳. * The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees. 经理把工作尽量平均分配给雇员. even (sth) up (cause sth to) become even or equal （使某事物）平均或相等: That will even things up a bit, ie make them more equal. 那样就平均一些了.

/ˈiːvn; `ivən/ adv  1 (used to emphasize sth unexpected or surprising in what one is saying, or to invite a comparison with what might have happened, etc 用以加强出乎意料的语气或进而比较可能发生的事) 甚至; 连; 都; 即使: He never even `opened the letter, ie so he certainly didn't read it. 他甚至都没把信打开. * He didn't answer even `my letter, ie so he certainly didn't answer any others. 他连我的信都不回. * It was cold there even in Ju`ly, ie so it must have been very cold in winter. 那里即使七月份都很冷. * Even a child can understand the book, ie so adults certainly can. 甚至连孩子都看得懂这本书.  2 (used to emphasize a comparative 用以加强比较级的语气) still; yet 甚至; 还: You know even less about it than I do. 你对此事知道得比我还少. * Sally drives fast, but Olive drives even faster. 萨莉开车开得很快, 奥利夫开得更快. * She's even more intelligent than her sister. 她甚至比姐姐还聪明.  3 (used to add force to a more exact or precise version of a word, phrase, etc 用以强调某词语的更精确的说法) 甚至可以说; 其实: It's an unattractive building, even ugly/ugly even. 这座建筑物很不起眼, 甚至可以说很难看.  4 (idm 习语) even a worm will turn => worm. even as (fml 文) (used as a compound conj 用作复合连词) just at the same time when (sb does sth, sth else happens) 正当; 恰恰: Even as he shouted the warning the car skidded. 就在他高喊注意的时候, 汽车滑动了. even if/though (used as conjs 用作连词) in spite of the fact or belief that; no matter whether 即使; 纵然; 尽管: Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. 即使我得一路走着去, 我也要走到那里. * I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她. ,even `now/`then (a) in addition to previously; in spite of what has/had happened, etc 即使到这时: I've shown him the photographs but even now he won't believe me. 虽然我已给他看了照片, 他还是不相信我. * Even then he would not admit his mistake. 即使在这种情况下, 他还不承认错误. (b) (fml 文) (with continuous tenses only, often between the aux and the main v 仅用于进行时态, 常置于助动词与主要动词之间) at this or that precise moment 恰恰在这时: The troops are even now preparing to march into the city. 部队恰恰在这时准备开进城去. ,even `so (used as a conj 用作连词) in spite of that; nevertheless 尽管如此; 然而; 不过: There are many spelling mistakes; even so it's quite a good essay. 这篇文章有许多拼写错误, 然而仍不失之为好文章.adj fair and impartial 公平的; 不偏不倚的: ,even-handed `justice 公平的审判./ˈiːvnɪŋ; `ivnɪŋ/ n  1 [C, U] part of the day between about 6p.m. and bedtime 晚上; 晚间: I'll come round tomorrow evening. 我明天晚上来. * We were at home yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上在家. * One warm summer evening.../On a warm summer evening... 在夏天一个温暖的夜晚... * In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常常看书. * Let's meet on Sunday evening. 咱们星期日晚上见吧. * [attrib 作定语] the evening show 晚上的节目.  2 [C] outing or party of a specified type, happening in the evening 晚间的外出活动; 晚会: A theatre evening (ie an evening at the theatre) has been arranged. 已安排好一个戏剧晚会. * musical evenings, ie evenings especially for listening to or playing music 音乐晚会.  3 (fig fml 比喻, 文) the last part (esp of one's life) 最後部分; （尤指）晚年, 暮年: in the evening of his life 在他的晚年. =>Usage at morning 用法见morning.1 [U] clothes worn for formal occasions in the evening 晚礼服: Everyone was in evening dress. 大家都穿着晚礼服.  2 [C] a woman's (long) formal dress 女装晚礼服: All the evening dresses were beautiful. 所有的女装晚礼服都很漂亮.newspaper published after midday 晚报: the local evening paper 地方的晚报.= evensong.plant with pale yellow flowers that open in the evenings 月见草: Oil of evening primrose is used as a herbal medicine. 月见草油可用作草药.adv in an even manner 平坦地; 均匀地; 稳定地; 相等地: evenly balanced/matched 全部平衡的[相称的] * evenly divided/distributed 平均分开的[分配的]./ˈiːvənnɪs; `ivənnɪs/ n [U]./ˈiːvnsɒŋ; `ivənˌsɔŋ/ (also evening prayer) n service of evening prayer in the Church of England （英国国教的）晚祷: We attended evensong as well as morning service. 我们参加了晚祷和晨祷./ɪˈvent; ɪ`vɛnt/ n  1 thing that happens, esp sth important; incident 事情; （尤指）大事, 事件: one of the chief events of 1964  1964年的主要大事之一 * the chain (ie sequence) of events that led to the Prime Minister's resignation 导致首相辞职的一连串事件 * It was quite an event when a woman first became prime minister. 首次由女人任首相倒是件大事. =>Usage at occurrence 用法见occurrence.  2 any of the races, competitions, etc in a sports programme （体育运动的）比赛项目: Which events have you entered for? 你参加了哪几项比赛? * The 800m is the fourth event of the afternoon. 800米赛是下午的第四项比赛.  3 (idm 习语) at `all events/in `any event whatever happens; in any case 不管发生什么事; 在任何情况下; 无论如何: In any event, the worst that she can do is say `no'. 不管怎样, 她大不了就是说个｀不＇字. be wise after the event => wise. in `either event whichever (of two things) happens （两件事情中）无论发生哪件事: In either event, I'll be there to support you. 无论这样或那样, 我都支持你. a happy event => happy. in `that event if that happens 如果那种情况发生; 如果是那样的话: You could be right, and in that event they'll have to pay you back. 可能是你对, 那样的话, 他们就得把钱还你. in the e`vent as it in fact happened; as it turned out 结果; 到头来: I was worried about the hotel bill, but in the event I had enough money to pay. 我一直担心旅馆的费用, 结果我的钱足够. in the event of sth (fml 文) if sth happens 万一; 倘若: in the event of an accident 万一发生事故 * In the event of his death Sheila will inherit the money. 一旦他故去, 希拉就会继承这笔钱. a/the turn of events => turn2./-fl; -fəl/ adj full of memorable or notable events 有许多大事的: He's had an eventful life. 他一生 中有很多大事. * an eventful year 有许多大事的一年./ˈiːvntaɪd; `ivənˌtaɪd/ n (arch 古) evening 晚上; 晚间.home for elderly people 老年人之家./ɪˈventɪŋ; ɪ`vɛntɪŋ/ n [U] (esp Brit) sport of taking part in horse-riding competitions, esp three-day events involving cross-country riding, jumping and dressage 马术比赛运动（尤指历时三日的项目, 包括越野、跳越障碍、花式训马）./ɪˈventʃʊəl; ɪ`vɛntʃᴜəl/ adj [attrib 作定语] happening at last as a result; ultimate 最後的; 最终的: his foolish behaviour and eventual failure 他的愚蠢行为和最後的失败./ɪˌventʃʊˈælətɪ; ɪˌvɛntʃᴜ`ælətɪ/ n [C] (fml 文) possible event or result 可能发生的事情; 可能出现的结果: We must consider every eventuality. 我们什么事情都要考虑到./-tʃʊəlɪ; -tʃʊəlɪ/ adv in the end; at last 最後; 终于: He fell ill and eventually died. 他患病而终于不治. * Eventually he tired of trying so hard. 他最後厌倦了这种艰苦的尝试./ˈevə(r); `ɛvɚ/ adv  1 (usu in negative sentences and questions, or sentences expressing doubt or condition; usu placed before the v 通常用于否定句和疑问句, 或用于含有表示怀疑或条件成分的句中, 通常置于动词之前) at any time 在任何时候; 从来: Nothing ever happens in this village. 这个村里从未发生过任何事. * Do you ever wish you were rich? 你曾希望过自己很富吗? * She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 她难得看电影. * If you ever visit London, you must come and stay with us. 你要是到伦敦来, 一定要到我们这里住住.  2 (with the perfect tenses in questions 用于疑问句中的完成时态) at any time up to the present 曾; 曾经: `Have you ever flown a helicopter?' `No, never.' ｀你坐过直升飞机吗?＇｀没有, 从未坐过.＇ * `Have you ever seen an elephant?' `Yes I have.' ｀你见过大象吗?＇｀见过.＇ * I wondered if he'd ever stopped to think how I felt. 我不知道他是否曾考虑过我的感受. (Ever is rarely used in the answer: say either `Yes I have' or `No, never', etc. ever很少作回答用语, 回答时用`Yes, I have.'或`No, never.'等)  3 (with comparatives after than or with superlatives 与比较级的词连用, 置于than之後; 或与最高级的词连用) at any time (before/up till now) 在任何时候（之前[直至现在]）: It's raining harder than ever. 雨下得更大了. * This is the best work you've ever done. 这是你所做的最好的工作. * He hated her more than ever, when he got that letter. 他接到那封信後, 越发憎恨她了.  4 ever- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) always, continuously 总是; 不停地: the ever-growing problem * the ever-increasing cost of food.  5 (infml dated 口, 旧) (after as...as, as an intensifier 用于as ... as之後以加强语气): Work as hard as ever you can! 尽你最大努力工作!  6 (used after when, where, etc 用于when、where等之後): When/Where/How ever did you lose it? 你究竟在什么时候[什么地方/怎么]把它弄丢的? * What ever do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?  7 (idm 习语) (as) bad, good, etc as `ever; (as) badly, well, etc as `ever bad, badly, etc to the same degree as before (usu surprisingly so) 和以前一样坏、好...（通常含惊讶之意）: Despite the good weather forecast, the next morning was as wet as ever. 尽管预报称天气很好, 但次日上午仍阴雨绵绵. * He broke his arm last year but he plays the piano as skilfully as ever. 他去年胳膊折了, 但现在弹起钢琴来仍像以前那样自如. did you ever (...)! (infml 口) (used as part of a rhetorical question or used alone to express surprise, indignation, disbelief, etc 用于反问句或单独使用, 表示惊讶、愤怒、怀疑等): Did you ever hear such nonsense! 你听过这种胡言乱语吗! * It cost 50p to go to the toilet; well, did you `ever! 去一趟厕所要50便士; 哼, 真是闻所未闻! ever and anon (dated or fml 旧或文) several times, at regular intervals 几次; 一阵一阵地. ever more (fml 文) increasingly; more and more 越发地; 越来越: She became ever more nervous as the interview continued. 她在面试过程中越来越紧张. ever since (...) continuously since (a specified time) 自从: ever since I was at school 自从我上学以来. ever so/ever such (a) (infml 口 esp Brit) very; to a very great degree 非常; 在极大程度上: He's ever so rich. 他很富. * ever such a handsome man 非常漂亮的男子. for ever and `ever (rhet or joc 修辞或谑): Once he gets a drink in his hand he's here for ever and ever. 他手里一有了酒就永远也动不了地方了. if ,ever there `was one of that there is no doubt; that is certainly true 无可置疑; 确实: That was a fine meal if ever there was one! 那确实是一顿丰盛的饭! yours `ever/ever `yours (infml 口) (sometimes used at the end of a letter, before the signature 有时用于书信结尾处的签字前)./ˈevəgriːn; `ɛvɚˌˇrin/ n, adj (tree, shrub) having green leaves throughout the year 常绿的（树）: The pine, cedar and spruce are evergreens. 松树、雪松、云杉都是常绿的树. Cf 参看 deciduous. =>illus atApp 1 见附录1之插图, page i./ˌevəˈlɑːstɪŋ; <i>US</i> -ˈlæst-; ˌɛvɚ`læstɪŋ/ adj  1 going on or lasting for ever 永久的; 永恒的: everlasting fame, glory 永久的声誉、光荣 * everlasting life 永生.  2 lasting a long time 持久的: everlasting flowers, ie flowers keeping shape and colour when dried 乾後形状和颜色不变的花.  3 (derog 贬) repeated too often; lasting too long 多次重复的; 持续过长的: I'm tired of his everlasting complaints. 我厌倦了他没完没了的抱怨.  4 the Everlasting God 上帝.adv (infml 口) in an everlasting(3) manner 多次重复地; 持续过长地: everlastingly complaining 喋喋不休地抱怨./ˌevəˈmɔː(r); ˌɛvɚ`mɔr/ adv for ever; always 永久; 永远: for evermore 永远地./ˈevrɪ; `ɛvrɪ/ indef det  1 (a) (used with sing [C] ns to refer to groups of three or more which are seen as wholes 与单数可数名词连用, 指至少三个, 视为一整体) each individual 每个; 所有的; 一切的: Every child in the class passed the examination. 班上所有的学生考试都及格了. * I've got every record she has ever made. 我已得到她灌的所有的唱片. * I couldn't hear every word of his speech. 他讲的话并非每句我都能听见. * He examined every item in the set carefully. 他仔细检查了这一套中的各项. (b) (used with sing [C] ns to emphasize the separate units 与单数可数名词连用, 侧重指各单项) each individual 每个; 每一; 各个: He enjoyed every minute of his holiday. 假日的每一分钟他都过得很愉快. * I have had to work for every single penny I earned. 我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的. * They were watching her every movement. 他们注视着她的每一个动作. * Every time he phones I always seem to be in the bath. 他每次来电话时, 我好像总是正在洗澡. =>Usage at each 用法见each.  2 (used with abstract ns 与抽象名词连用) all possible 所有可能的: We have every reason to think he may still be alive. 我们有充分理由认为他可能还活着. * You have every chance of success. 你完全有可能成功.  3 (used to indicate regular occurrence at specified intervals) each 每隔; 每逢; 每: The buses go every 10 minutes. 公共汽车每隔10分钟一辆.  4 (idm 习语) every other (a) all the other (people or things) 所有其他的（人或事物）: Every other girl except me is wearing jeans. 除了我以外, 其他姑娘都穿着牛仔裤. (b) alternate 隔, 间（如隔周、间日等）: They visit us every other week. 他们隔周到我们这儿来./ˈevrɪbɒdɪ; `ɛvrɪˌbɑdɪ/ (also everyone / 5evrIwQn; `ZvrI9wQn/) indef pron every person; all people 每个人; 人人; 所有的人: The police questioned everybody in the room. 警察询问了室内所有的人. * It's impossible to remember everybody's name. 把每个人的名字都记住是不可能的. =>Usage at somebody 用法见somebody./ˈevrɪdeɪ; `ɛvrɪ`de/ adj [attrib 作定语] used or happening daily; familiar 每天使用的; 每天发生的; 熟悉的; 日常的; 平常的: an everyday occurrence 日常之事 * a compact dictionary for everyday use 日常使用的袖珍词典./ˈevrɪpleɪs; `ɛvrɪˌples/ indef adv (US infml 口) = everywhere./ˈevrɪθɪŋ; `ɛvrɪˌθɪŋ/ indef pron  1 all things 一切事物: Everything was destroyed. 一切都毁灭了. * I'll tell you everything I know. 我要把我知道的一切都告诉你.  2 the most important thing 最重要的事物: Money isn't everything. 金钱并不是最重要的./ˈevrɪweə(r); <i>US</i> -hweə(r); `ɛvrɪˌhwɛr/ indef adv in or to every place 各处; 到处: I've looked everywhere. 我各处都看过了./ɪˈvɪkt; ɪ`vɪkt/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) remove (a tenant) from a house or land, esp with the support of the law 将（房客或佃户）逐出（尤指依法）: They were evicted from their flat for not paying the rent. 他们因不付房租而被赶出公寓./ɪˈvɪkʃn; ɪ`vɪkʃən/ n ~ (from sth)  1 [U] evicting or being evicted （对房客或佃户的）驱逐: He's had nowhere to live since his eviction. 他自从被驱逐出住所以来, 就一直无处栖身. * [attrib 作定语] an eviction order, ie an order to leave given by the courts （对房客或佃户的）驱逐令.  2 [C] instance of this （对房客或佃户的）驱逐事件: There have been four evictions from this street recently. 最近这条街上已有四宗驱逐房客事件./ˈevɪdəns; `ɛvədəns/ n  1 [U] ~ (to do sth/that...) (esp law 尤用于法律) information that gives a reason for believing sth or proves sth 根据; 证据; 证词: There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 没有充分的证据证明他有罪. * Have you any evidence to support this statement? 你这种说法有根据吗? * His statement to the police was used in evidence against him. 他对警方说的话已用作指证他的证据. * A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论. * not a bit/piece/scrap/shred of evidence 没有一点[一项/丝毫/点滴]证据.  2 [U, C] indication or trace 迹象; 痕迹: The room bore evidence (ie showed signs) of a struggle. 这房间里有搏斗过的痕迹. * evidences of glacial action on the rocks 岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹.  3 (idm 习语) (be) in evidence clearly or easily seen 显而易见的; 清楚的; 明显的: He's the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings, ie who likes to be seen and noticed. 他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人. on the evidence of sth using sth as evidence 用某事物作为证据: On the evidence of their recent matches it's unlikely the Spanish team will win the cup. 从西班牙队最近的比赛情况来看, 他们难以在这一锦标赛中夺标. turn King's/Queen's `evidence (Brit) (US turn State's `evidence) (of a criminal) give evidence in court against one's partners in order to receive a less severe sentence oneself （指罪犯）作污点证人（告发同犯的）. weigh the evidence => weigh.

v [Tn] (fml 文) prove (sth) by evidence; be evidence of 证明（某事物）: His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. 他的回答证明他良心有愧./ˈevɪdənt; `ɛvədənt/ adj ~ (to sb) (that...) obvious (to the eye or mind); clear 明显的; 明白的; 清楚的: It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake. 你们一定很清楚, 他犯了错误. * He looked at his children with evident pride. 他看着自己的孩子, 充满自豪./ˌevɪˈdenʃl; ˌɛvə`dɛnʃəl/ adj (fml 文) of, based on, or providing evidence 证据的; 凭证据的; 提供证据的: evidential proof 用作证据的证明.adv obviously; it appears that 明显地; 显然: Evidently he has decided to leave. 显然他已决定要离开./ˈiːvl; `ivl/ adj  1 morally bad; wicked 道德败坏的; 邪恶的: evil thoughts 邪念 * an evil man 恶棍.  2 very unpleasant or harmful 令人不快的; 坏的; 有害的: an evil smell 难闻的气味 * an evil temper 坏脾气 * evil weather 恶劣的天气.  3 (idm 习语) the evil `day, `hour, etc time when sth unpleasant that one would like to avoid (but cannot) will happen 该着倒霉的日子、时刻等: I know I need to go to the dentist but I've been putting off the evil day as long as possible. 我明知得去看牙, 却尽可能把这倒霉日子往後拖. (give sb) the evil `eye supposed power to harm people by a look or glance 恶毒的目光. the `Evil One (dated 旧) the Devil 魔鬼; 恶魔. an evil `tongue tendency to say malicious things about people 说人坏话的恶习: She has an evil tongue. 她爱说别人坏话. one's good/evil genius => genius. fall on evil days (fml 文) suffer hardship or misfortune 遭受苦难或不幸.

n (fml 文)  1 [U] wrongdoing or wickedness 罪恶; 邪恶; 恶行: the spirit of evil in man 人类的邪恶灵魂 * return good for evil 以德报怨 * speak no evil 不说坏话 * You cannot pretend there's no evil in the world. 不要以为世界上没有罪恶.  2 [C] evil thing; disaster 邪恶之事; 灾难: War, famine, and flood are terrible evils. 战争、饥荒、洪水都是可怕的灾难. * the evils of drink 饮酒的害处.  3 (idm 习语) the lesser of two evils => lesser. a necessary evil => necessary.adj having evil thoughts and desires 有邪念的; 恶毒的; 狠毒的: a wicked, evil-minded old `man 邪恶的、狠毒的老头.n [C] (fml 文) person who does evil 作恶的人; 坏人: thieves, murderers and other evildoers 盗贼、谋杀者和其他犯罪分子./ˈiːvəlɪ; `ivlɪ/ adv in an evil manner 邪恶地; 坏; 有害地: He eyed her evilly. 他狠狠地看着她./ɪˈvɪns; ɪ`vɪns/ v [Tn] (fml 文) show clearly that one has (a feeling, quality, etc); exhibit 表现出（感情、特性等）表明; 显示: a child who evinces great intelligence 表现出有极高智力的儿童 * evincing powers of recovery 显示出复原的生理机能./ɪˈvɪsəreɪt; ɪ`vɪsəˌret/ v [Tn] (fml 文) remove the internal organs of (a body); disembowel 切除内脏; 切除器官内容物./ˌiːvəʊˈkeɪʃn; ˌivo`keʃən/ n [C, U] (fml 文)./ɪˈvɒkətɪv; ɪ`vɑkətɪv/ adj ~ (of sth) that evokes or is able to evoke memories, feelings, etc (of sth) 引起回忆的; 唤起感情的: That smell is evocative of school. 这种气味使人回想起学校来. * evocative words 引起回忆或感情的话./ɪˈvəʊk; ɪ`vok/ v [Tn]  1 bring to mind (a feeling, memory, etc); summon up 引起或唤起（感情、记忆等）: The music evoked memories of her youth. 这乐曲勾起她对青年时期的回忆.  2 (fml 文) produce or cause (a response, reaction, etc) 产生或引起（回应、反应等）: evoke admiration, surprise, interest, sympathy, etc 产生羡慕之情、惊讶、兴趣、同情心等 * Her speech evoked great anger. 她的讲话引起极大愤慨. /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn; <i>US</i> ˌev-; ˌɛvə`luʃən/ n  1 [U] (biology 生) (theory of the) gradual development of the characteristics of plants and animals over many generations, esp the development of more complicated forms from earlier, simpler forms 进化; 进化论: Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论.  2 [U] process of gradually developing; evolving 演化; 演进; 演变; 发展; 开展; 发育: the evolution of farming methods 耕种方法的演进 * In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution, ie gradual development to sudden violent change. 在政治上, 英国喜欢渐进而不喜欢革命.  3 [C] (fml 文) (of troops, warships, dancers, etc) movement according to plan （部队、军舰、跳舞者等）按照计划的行动或动作./ˌiːvəˈluːʃənrɪ; <i>US</i> ˌevəˈluːʃənerɪ;ˌɛvə`luʃənˌɛrɪ/ adj (fml 文) of or resulting from (the theory of) evolution; developing 进化的; 由进化产生的; 进化论的; 发展的: evolutionary processes 进化过程./ɪˈvɒlv; ɪ`vɑlv/ v  1 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) gradually （使）逐渐形成: The American constitution was planned; the British constitution evolved. 美国宪法是精心制定的, 英国宪法是约定俗成的. * He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. 他经过多年的研究, 逐渐总结出了新的理论.  2 [I] (biology 生) (of plants, animals, etc) gradually develop from a simple form to a more complex one （指植物、动物等）进化: Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower forms of life. 在维多利亚时代, 许多人对于人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊./juː; ju/ n female sheep 母羊; 雌羊; 牝羊. =>illus at sheep 见 sheep 之插图. Cf 参看 lamb 1, ram 1, tup./ˈjuːə(r); `juɚ/ n large wide-mouthed jug for holding water, esp as formerly used with a basin in a bedroom without a piped water supply 大口水罐（尤指旧时无自来水时, 在卧室里与面盆共用者）./eks; ɛks/ n (infml 口) (pl ~es, ~'s) former wife or husband; former boyfriend or girlfriend 前妻或前夫; 以前的男朋友或女朋友: My ex shares custody of the children. 我原先的配偶分担照顾孩子的责任. * He is one of her many exes. 他是她以前众多的男友之一.

/eks; ɛks/ prep  1 (commerce 商) (of goods etc) as sold from (a ship, factory, etc) excluding cost of delivery to the buyer （指货物等）从（船上、工厂等处）交货（不包括运给买主的费用）: ex warehouse price 仓库交货价.  2 excluding (sth); not included 除（某事物）外; 不包括; 不; 无; 未: ex dividend, ie not including a dividend that is about to be paid 除去红利 * an ex-directory number 未列入电话簿的电话号码./ˌeks ˈgreɪʃə; ɛks`ˇreʃə/ (Latin 拉) done or given as a favour; not from (esp legal) obligation 作为恩惠; 非出于（尤指法律上的）义务: an ex gratia payment 特惠金./ˌeks əˈfɪʃɪəʊ; ˌɛk sə`fɪʃɪˌo/ because of one's position, office or rank 由于职位或职权: an ex officio member of the committee 当然委员 * present at the meeting ex officio 依照职权而出席会议.pref 前缀 (used widely with ns 可与许多名词结合) former 以前的: ex-wife * ex-President * ex-convict./ˌeks dɪˈrektərɪ; ˌɛksdə`rɛktərɪ/ adj (US unlisted) (of a telephone number) not listed in the telephone directory at the wish of the phone-owner (for reasons of security, privacy, etc) （指电话号码）未列入电话簿的（用户授意为安全、私用等而不列入者）: an ex-directory number 未列入电话簿的电话号码 * go ex-directory because of hoax telephone calls 因有电话骚扰而不将电话号码列入电话簿中./ˌeksˈsɜːvɪs; `ɛks`sɝvɪs/ adj formerly belonging to the armed forces 退役的; 退伍的./-mən; -mən/ (pl -men / -mEn;-mEn/), ex-servicewoman / -wUmEn; -9wJmEn/ (pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/) n (esp Brit) person who was formerly in one of the armed services 退伍军人; 复员军人: an ex-servicemen's organization 退伍军人协会./ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt; ɪˇ`zæsɚˌbet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate 使（疼痛、疾病、情形）恶化; 加剧: Scratching exacerbates a skin rash. 皮疹搔後会恶化. * Her mother's interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜. /ɪgˌzsəˈbeɪʃn; ɪˇˌzæsɚ`beʃən/ n [U]./ɪgˈzækt; ɪˇ`zækt/ adj  1 correct in every detail; precise 正确的; 准确的; 精确的: What were his exact words? 他的原话是怎么说的? * I don't know the exact size of the room. 我不知道这个房间的确切面积. * He's in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact (ie more accurately). 他五十多岁; 嗯, 确切地说是五十六岁.  2 capable of being precise and accurate 严谨的; 精密的: an exact scholar 治学严谨的学者 * She's a very exact person. 她是个一丝不苟的人. * the exact sciences, ie those in which absolute precision is possible, eg mathematics 精密科学（如数学）.

/ɪgˈzækt; ɪˇ`zækt/ v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) (a) demand and enforce the payment of sth 强索费用: exact payment (from a client) 逼迫（委托人）付款 * The kidnappers exacted a ransom of 10000 from the family. 绑架者向这家人家勒索10000英镑的赎金. (b) insist on and obtain sth 坚持要得到某事物: exact obedience from one's staff 坚持要全体工作人员服从.  2 [Tn] (of work, circumstances, etc) make (sth) necessary; require （指工作、环境等）使（某事物）不可或缺; 要求; 需要: (fml 文) Her work exacts great care and attention to detail. 她的工作需要极为细心, 一丝不苟.adj making great demands; requiring great effort 苛求的; 严格的; 需极努力的: an exacting teacher 严师 * an exacting piece of work 费力的工作./ɪgˈzækʃn; ɪˇ`zækʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 (a) [U] action of exacting money, etc （对金钱等的）强索, 强求: the exaction of income tax 强徵所得税. (b) [C] something that is exacted, esp a tax that is considered to be too high 强索之物; （尤指）苛税: unreasonable exactions 不合理的苛捐杂税.  2 [C] great demand (on one's time, strength, etc) （对某人时间、精力等的）极大需求: the exactions of a senior post in government 在政府中任高职要日理万机./ɪgˈzæktɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; ɪˇ`zæktəˌtud/ n [U] (fml 文) over-correctness 极端的正确性或精确性: He spoke with pompous exactitude. 他以自视绝对正确的口吻说话.adv  1 quite; just 正; 恰恰: That's exactly what I expected. 那正是我想望的. * You've arrived at exactly the right moment. 你到得正是时候.  2 in precise detail; correctly 精确地; 正确地: Your answer is exactly right. 你回答得完全正确. * Where exactly were you in France? 你当时在法国的什么地方?  3 (as a reply or confirmation 用作答语或表示赞同用语) just so; you are quite right 确实如此; 完全正确: `So she wants to sell the house and move to London.' `Exactly.' ｀那么说, 她是想把房子卖掉, 搬到伦敦去.＇｀对.＇  4 (idm 习语) not exactly (infml ironic 口, 反语) by no means 决不; 一点也不: He wasn't exactly pleased to see us; in fact he refused to open the door. 他根本不愿见我们, 其实他连门都不开.n [U]./ɪgˈzædʒəreɪt; ɪˇ`zædʒəˌret/ v [I, Tn] make (sth) seem larger, better, worse, etc than it really is; stretch (a description) beyond the truth 夸张; 夸大; 言过其实: He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing. 他总爱添枝加叶, 把故事讲得更有趣. * You are exaggerating the difficulties. 你把困难夸大了. * That dress exaggerates her height. 她穿那件连衣裙显得高了.adj (a) made to seem larger, better, worse, etc than it really is 夸张的; 夸大的; 言过其实的: a highly exaggerated version of the incident 对那件小事极为夸张的说法 * He has an exaggerated sense of his own importance. 他自视过高. (b) produced, stated, etc in a false or an unnatural way; distorted 虚假的; 不自然的;歪曲的: an exaggerated laugh 矫揉造作的笑声 * a clown's exaggerated make-up 对丑角过火的化装 * with exaggerated politeness 虚情假意的礼貌. adv./ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn; ɪˇˌzædʒə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] action of exaggerating 夸张; 夸大; 言过其实.  2 [C] exaggerated description, statement, etc 夸张的描述、说法等: a story full of exaggerations 通篇夸夸其谈的故事./ɪgˈzɔːlt; ɪˇ`zɔlt/ v [Tn] (fml 文)  1 make (sb) higher in rank or greater in power 提升, 提拔（某人）.  2 praise (sb) highly 高度赞扬（某人）. /ˌegzɔːlˈteɪʃn; ˌɛˇzɔl`teʃən/ n [U] state of spiritual delight; elation 兴奋; 得意洋洋; 兴高采烈.adj (fml or joc 文或谑): a person of exalted rank 地位高的人 * from his exalted position in the firm 从他在公司的高职位上./ɪgˈzæm; ɪˇ`zæm/ n (infml 口) examination(2) 考试: school exams 学校的考试./ɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn; ɪˇˌzæmə`neʃən/ n  1 [U] action of examining; being examined 检查; 调查; 被检查: Careful examination of the ruins revealed new evidence. 仔细检查了废墟後发现了新的证据. * On (ie As a result of) further examination it was found that the signature was not genuine. 经过进一步的调查发现签名不是真迹.  2 (also exam) [C] testing of knowledge or ability by means of questions, practical exercises, etc 考试: an examination in Physics 物理考试 * sit/take an examination, ie have one's knowledge tested by a written examination 参加考试 * pass/fail an examination, ie be/not be successful in an examination 考试及格[不及格] * an oral examination 口试 * an entrance examination, eg to test an applicant wishing to enter a school, college, etc 入学试 * [attrib 作定语] an examination paper, ie sheet(s) of paper with a list of questions set by an examiner 试卷.  3 [C] close inspection of sb/sth or inquiry into sth 检查; 查阅; 审查: a medical examination by a doctor 医生的诊察 * an examination of business accounts 对商业帐目的审查.  4 [C, U] (action of) questioning by a lawyer in a law court （在法庭上由律师进行的）讯问: a fresh examination of the witness 对证人的再次讯问 * After further examination by the prosecutionthe witness was allowed to leave the court. 证人经原告律师讯问後, 获准离开法庭.  5 (idm 习语) under exami`nation being examined 在检查中; 在调查中; 在审查中: The prisoner is still under examination. 囚犯仍在受审. * The proposals are still under examination, ie have not yet been approved. 提案仍在审查中./ɪgˈzæmɪn; ɪˇ`zæmɪn/ v [Tn, Tn.pr]  1 ~ sth/sb (for sth) (a) look at carefully in order to learn about or from; inspect closely 仔细观察; 检查; 调查; 审查: examine an old manuscript 仔细检查旧手稿 * examine facts, a theory, evidence, etc 查验事实、理论、证据等 * The detective examined the window frame for fingerprints. 侦探仔细查看窗框, 寻找指纹. (b) inspect carefully (a patient or part of his body) to check for disease 诊察; 诊视: have one's teeth examined for decay 诊察龋齿 * The doctor examined her patient carefully. 那位女医生仔细诊察病人.  2 ~ sb (in/on sth) (fml 文) test the knowledge or ability of sb by written or oralquestions 考, 测验（某人）: examine students in mathematics/ on their knowledge of mathematics 考学生数学.  3 (law 律) question (sb) formally in order to get information; interrogate 询问, 盘问, 审问, 讯问（某人）: examine a witness in a court of law 在法庭上讯问证人. Cf 参看 cross-examine.  4 (idm 习语) need, etc one's head examined => head1./ɪgˌzæmɪˈniː; ɪˇˌzæmə`ni/ n (fml 文) person being tested in an examination(2) 应考者; 被考者: Ten of the examinees were failed. 应考者有十名不及格./ɪgˈzæmɪnə(r); ɪˇ`zæmɪnɚ/ n  1 person who tests knowledge or ability 主考人: He is one of the science examiners. 他是理科主考人之一.  2 (idm 习语) satisfy the examiners => satisfy./ɪgˈzɑːmpl; <i>US</i> -ˈzæmpl; ɪˇ`zæmpl/ n  1 fact, event, etc that illustrates or represents a general rule 实例; 例证; 例子: This dictionary has many examples of how words are used. 这部词典有许多说明词语用法的实例. * That outburst was a typical example of his lack of self-control. 他那次发作是他缺乏自制力的典型事例.  2 specimen showing the quality of others in the same group or of the same kind 样品; 样本; 范例: This church is a fine example of Norman architecture. 这座教堂是典型的诺曼式建筑. * This is a good example of Shelley's lyric poetry. 这首诗是雪莱抒情诗的范例. * It is a classic example of how not to design a new city centre. 这对于设计新市中心是个最佳的反面教材.  3 [C, U] thing, person or quality that is worthy of imitation 榜样; 模范; 楷模: She was an example to the rest of the class. 她是全班的模范. * His bravery should be an example to all of us. 他的勇敢应作为我们大家学习的榜样. * learn by example 仿效.  4 warning 告诫; 警告: Let this be an example (ie May this punishment serve as a warning) to you. 你要以此为鉴戒.  5 (idm 习语) follow sb's example/lead => follow. for example (abbr 缩写 eg) by way of illustration 例如; 譬如: I know many women who have a career and a family  Alison for example. 我知道有许多妇女能事业家庭兼顾--艾莉森就是其中之一. make an example of sb punish (sb) as a warning to others 惩罚（某人）以警戒他人: The headmaster decided to make an example of the pupil and expel him from the school. 校长决定开除该生以儆效尤. set (sb) an example/set a good, bad, etc example (to sb) behave in a way worthy/not worthy of imitation (by sb) 树立好榜样[充当反面教员]: The headmistress likes to arrive early at school to set (the other teachers) an example, ie a good example. 那位女校长愿意早早到校, 以身作则（为其他教师树立好榜样）./ɪgˈzæspəreɪt; ɪˇ`zæspəˌret/ v [Tn] irritate or annoy (sb) greatly 激怒, 触怒, 惹恼（某人）: That child exasperates me! 那孩子真让我生气! * She was exasperated at/by his stupidity. 她因为他愚笨而发怒.adj extremely annoying 使人极恼怒的; 使人发火的: He's probably the most exasperating man I've ever met. 他大概是我见过的最让人恼火的人. * It's exasperating to run for a train and then miss it by half a minute. 跑着赶火车, 却差半分钟没赶上, 真气人. adv./ɪgˌzæspəˈreɪʃn; ɪˇˌzæspə`reʃən/ n [U] state of being exasperated 愤怒; 恼怒; 恼火: `Stop that noise,' he cried out in exasperation. ｀不要发出那种噪音,＇他愤怒地大喊./ˈekskəveɪt; `ɛkskəˌvet/ v [Tn]  1 (fml 文) make (a hole or channel) by digging; remove (soil, etc) by digging 挖掘（洞或水道、河床）; 掘出（土等）: excavate a trench 挖壕沟.  2 uncover or extract by digging (esp sth from earlier times) 发掘（尤指古物）: excavate a buried city, a Greek vase 发掘出一地下城市、一希腊花瓶./ˌekskəˈveɪʃn; ˌɛkskə`veʃən/ n  1 [U] activity of excavating 挖掘; 挖土; 发掘: Excavation of the site will begin tomorrow. 明天开始挖掘工作.  2 [C] excavations [pl] place that is being or has been excavated 挖掘的地方: visit the excavations 参观挖掘现场.n person engaged in or machine used forexcavating 挖掘者; 挖掘机: excavators on an archaeological site 考古场地上的挖掘者 * mechanical excavators 挖掘机./ɪkˈsiːd; ɪk`sid/ v [Tn] (a) be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity) 超过（尤指数量）: The price will not exceed 100. 价格不会超过100英镑. * The number admitted must not exceed 200. 容纳的数目不得超过200. * Their success exceeded all expectations, ie was greater than anyone expected. 他们的成功出乎一切预料. (b) go beyond what is allowed, necessary or advisable 超出（所允许的、必需的或合理的）界线: exceed the speed limit, ie drive faster than is allowed 超速（超过驾驶速度限制） * exceed one's instructions/authority, ie do more than one has permission to do 越权.adv extremely; to an unusual degree 极端地; 非常; 极其: an exceedingly difficult problem 极其困难的问题./ɪkˈsel; ɪk`sɛl/ v (-ll-)  1 [Ipr] ~ in/at sth be exceptionally good at sth 擅长: excel in foreign languages 擅长外语 * The firm excels at producing cheap transistor radios. 该公司以生产廉价晶体管收音机见长.  2 (idm 习语) ex`cel oneself do better than ever before 胜过过去: His meals are always very good, but this time he's excelled himself. 他做的饭菜一直很拿手, 但这次做得更好. * (ironic 反语) So you've broken three windows today  you've really excelled yourself. 那么, 你今天已经打碎三扇窗户了--真破了你以往的纪录了./ˈeksələns; `ɛksləns/ n  1 [U] ~ (in/at sth) quality of being excellent; great merit 优秀; 卓越; 杰出: a prize for excellence in furniture design 家具设计优秀奖 * known for excellence in/at all forms of sport 因精于各项体育运动而知名.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing or quality in which a person excels 优点; 长处: They do not recognize her many excellences. 他们无视她的各种长处./ˈeksələnsɪ; `ɛkslənsɪ/ n title given to ambassadors, governors, their husbands or wives, and some other officers and officials 阁下（对大使或总督本人或其配偶以及其他官员的敬称）: Your/His/Her Excellency 阁下 * His Excellency the French Ambassador 法国大使阁下./ˈeksələnt; `ɛkslənt/ adj  1 very good; of very high quality 优秀的; 极好的; 卓越的; 杰出的: an excellent meal 精美的一餐 * She speaks excellent French. 她的法语说得非常漂亮.  2 (used to indicate approval or pleasure 用以表示赞同或愉快): They won't be coming then? Excellent! 那么他们不来了? 太好了!> excellently adv./ɪkˈsept; ɪk`sɛpt/ prep ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (that...) not including (sb/sth); but not 除了（某人[某事物]）之外（表示所说的不包括在内）: The restaurant is open every day except Monday. 这家饭店除星期一外, 每天都营业. * Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. * I understand everything except why she killed him. 我一切都明白, 只是不理解她为什么把他杀死了. * I can answer all the questions except for the last. 所有的题我都会答, 只是最後一题不会. * The meal was excellent except for (ie with the exception of) the first course. 这顿饭好极了, 只是第一道菜稍差. * She remembered nothing (about him) except that his hair was black. 她（对他）什么都不记得, 只记得他的头发是黑的. * The two books are the same except (for the fact) that this one has an answer key at the back. 除了这本书後面有问题答案以外, 这两本书完全一样.

/ɪkˈsept; ɪk`sɛpt/ v  1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) (often with a negative 常与否定词连用) leave sb/sth out; exclude sb/sth 将某人[某事物]除外; 不包括某人[某事物]: Only children under five are excepted from this survey. 这次调查仅仅不包括五岁以下的儿童. * We all had to take part in the training run, with nobody excepted. 我们大家都得参加跑步训练, 无人例外. * the whole staff, not excepting the headmaster 全体教职员工, 也包括校长.  2 (idm 习语) present company excepted => present1./ɪkˈsepʃn; ɪk`sɛpʃən/ n  1 [C, U] (an instance of) leaving out or excluding; person or thing that is not included 除外; 例外; 不包括在内的人或物: Most of the buildings in this town are rather unattractive, but this church is an exception. 这座城镇中大多数建筑物都不太好看, 但这座教堂是个例外. * The children did well, the only exception being Jo, who failed. 这些孩子考得都很好, 唯独乔不及格. * All students without exception must take the English examination. 所有的学生毫无例外, 都必须参加英语考试. * I enjoyed all his novels with the exception of his last. 他的小说我都爱看, 只是最後一部除外.  2 [C] thing that does not follow a rule 不合规则的事物: an exception to a rule of grammar 语法规则的一项例外.  3 (idm 习语) the exception proves the `rule (saying 谚) the excepting of some cases proves that the rule exists, or that it applies to all other cases 有例外则证明有规律: All his family have red hair except him. He is the exception which proves the rule. 他们全家除他以外头发都是红的. 正所谓有例外才证明有规律嘛. make an exception (of sb/sth) treat sb/sth as a special case 将某人[某事物]作为例外: You must all be here at 8 am; I can make no exceptions, ie I cannot excuse any of you. 你们都必须早晨八点钟到这里, 任何人都不能例外. take exception to sth object to sth; be offended by sth 反对某事物; 因某事物而生气: He took great exception to what I said. 他很反对我说的话. * She took exception to having to wait outside in the rain. 她得在雨中等候, 对此十分气愤./-ʃənəbl; -ʃənəbl/ adj (fml 文) that sb can object to 可反对的: There are no exceptionable scenes in the play. 这出剧中没有能引起争议的情节./ɪkˈsepʃənl; ɪkˈsɛpʃənl/ adj very unusual; outstanding 异常的; 罕见的; 特殊的; 杰出的; 突出的: This weather is exceptional for June. 这种天气在六月份很罕见. * show exceptional musical ability 表现出非凡的音乐才能./-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənlɪ/ adv unusually; outstandingly 异常地; 罕见地; 特殊地; 杰出地; 突出地: an exceptionally beautiful child 特别漂亮的小孩./ˈeksɜːpt; `ɛksɝpt/ n [C] ~ (from sth) passage, extract, from a book, film, piece of music, etc 书、电影、乐曲等的节录: excerpts from a novel 一部小说的摘录 * I've seen a short excerpt from the film on television. 我在电视上看过这部影片的片段./ɪkˈses; ɪk`sɛs/ n  1 [sing] an ~ of sth (derog 贬) more than the reasonable, expected or moderate degree or amount of sth 过度; 过分; 过量; 过多: an excess of enthusiasm, anger, emotion, zeal, etc 过分的热情、愤怒、情感、热心等 * An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease. 饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病.  2 [U] going beyond the normal or accepted limits; immoderation 过火; 过头; 无节制: Don't carry your anger to excess. 不要肝火过盛. * Luggage in excess of 100 kg will be charged extra. 超过100公斤的行李要额外收费.  3 [C] amount by which sth is larger than sth else 超额的量; 过多的数: She was charged an excess of 4 over the amount stated on the bill. 向她索取的比帐单上显示的数额多出4英镑.  4 [U] (esp Brit) agreed sum taken by an insurance company from the total amount to be paid to an insured person who makes a claim 免赔额（保险公司从投保人要求索赔的总款额中扣除的规定数额）: You will have to pay the first ￡50 of the cost of repairing your damaged car as there is an excess of ￡50 on your policy. 你的保险单列有50英镑免赔额, 所以你的汽车损坏修理费的首50英镑要由你付.  5 excesses [pl] (fml 文) personal acts which go beyond the limits of good behaviour, or humanity 越轨的行为; 无人性的行为: The excesses (ie acts of cruelty) committed by the occupying troops will never be forgotten. 占领军犯下的灭绝人性的暴行, 人们是永远也不会忘记的. * His excesses at parties are well known. 尽人皆知他在聚会上十分放肆.  6 (idm 习语) to ex`cess to an extreme degree 过度; 过分; 无度: He drinks to excess. 他嗜酒无度.

/ˈekses; `ɛksɛs/ adj [attrib 作定语] extra or additional (to the usual or permitted amount) 额外的; 附加的: excess fare, eg for travelling further than is allowed by one's ticket 补票费 * A company which makes high profits must pay excess profits duty to the government. 赢利高的公司须向政府交纳额外利得税.amount of luggage that is over the weight that may be carried free on an aircraft 超重的行李.amount charged to a person who receives a letter, etc which does not carry stamps of high enough value 欠资邮费./ɪkˈsesɪv; ɪk`sɛsɪv/ adj greater than what is normal or necessary; extreme 过分的; 过度的; 极度的: excessive prices 过高的价格 * an excessive amount of alcohol 过量的酒精 * an excessive enthusiasm for sport 对运动的狂热 adv./ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ; ɪks`tʃendʒ/ n  1 [C, U] (action or process of) giving one thing or person in return for another 交换; 互换; 交流; 交易; 调换; 更换: Is five apples for five eggs a fair exchange? 用五个苹果换五个鸡蛋公平吗? * The exchange of prisoners during a war is unusual. 战时很少交换俘虏. * the exchange of contracts, ie the final stage of buying or selling a house 互换契约（买卖房屋的最後步骤） * an exchange of glances 互使眼色 * an exchange of houses 调换房屋 * an exchange of gun-fire 交火 * He's giving her French lessons in exchange for (ie as an exchange for) her teaching him English. 他教她法语, 她教他英语, 互教互学（作为交换条件）.  2 [C] (angry) conversation or argument （愤怒的）谈话或争论: bitter exchanges between MP's in parliament 下议院议员在议会上的激烈争论.  3 [U] relation in value between kinds of money used in different countries 兑换; 兑换率: What is the rate of exchange between the dollar and the pound? 美元和英镑之间的兑换率是多少? * [attrib 作定语] I want to change my dollars into pesetas  what is the exchange rate? 我想把美元换成比塞塔--兑换率是多少?  4 Exchange [C] place where business people or financiers meet for business 交易所: the `Corn Exchange 谷物交易所 * the `Stock Exchange, ie for the buying and selling of stocks, shares, etc 证券交易所.  5 = telephone exchange (telephone).  6 reciprocal visit between two (often young) people or groups from different countries （不同国家的团体或人, 常为青年之间的）互访, 交流: be on, do, organize an exchange 在、进行、组织互访 * Sarah is going on an exchange to Paris to stay with Pierre, and he is coming to stay with her here in Scotland next year. 萨拉将到巴黎作互访住在皮埃尔处, 而皮埃尔明年来苏格兰就住在她那里. * [attrib 作定语] exchange students 互派的留学生 * exchange visits 两国间的互访 * She is an exchange teacher. 她是出国的交流教师.

/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ; ɪks`tʃendʒ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A for B; ~ sth (with sb) give or receive sth/sb (of the same kind or value) in place of another 交换; 互换; 调换; 更换: He exchanged the blue jumper for a red one. 他把蓝毛衣换成了红的. * Ali exchanged seats with Ben. 阿里与本调换了座位. * The enemy countries exchanged prisoners. 敌国间交换了俘虏. * They exchanged hostages with each other. 他们相互交换了人质. (b) [Tn] give sth and receive sth (from another person) in return 交换; 交易: exchanging blows, ie hitting each other 互相殴打 * They exchanged glances, ie looked at each other. 他们互相对视. * The two men exchanged greetings, ie Each greeted the other. 那两个男人互相问候.  2 (idm 习语) exchange (angry, etc) `words quarrel; argue 争吵; 争论: They exchanged angry words before the meeting but were finally persuaded to agree. 他们在会议前争吵起来, 经劝说最後言归于好./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be exchanged 可交换的; 可更换的; 可兑换的: Sale goods in this shop are not exchangeable. 本店货物售出概不退换./ɪksˈtʃekə(r); ɪks`tʃɛkɚ/ n  1 the Exchequer [sing] (Brit) government department in charge of public money 财政部: The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the minister in charge of finance in Britain. 英国财政大臣是负责财政的大臣.  2 [C] (a) public or national supply of money; treasury 公共财源; 国库. (b) (often joc 常作戏谑语) person's supply of money 个人的钱财: There's nothing left in the exchequer this month. 本月份本人国库空虚./ˈeksaɪz; ɛk`saɪz/ n [U] government tax on certain goods manufactured, sold or used within a country 国内货物税; 消费税: the excise on beer/spirits/tobacco 啤酒[烈性酒/烟草]消费税 * customs and excise 关税与国内货物税 * [attrib 作定语] an excise officer, ie an official employed in collecting excise 国内货物税务官. Cf 参看 customs1.

/ɪkˈsaɪz; ɪk`saɪz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) remove by, or as if by, cutting (esp a part of the body or a passage from a book) 切除（尤指身体的一部分）; 删除（书中的一段）: The surgeon excised the lump from her breast. 外科医生切除了她乳房的肿块. * The censor insisted on excising the passage from the film. 电影审查员坚持剪去影片的这一段./ɪkˈsɪʒn; ɪk`sɪʒən/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] action of excising 切除; 删除: the excision of a tumour 肿瘤的切除.  2 [C] thing that is excised 被切除或删除之物: The excisions have destroyed the literary value of the text. 删除了这些就损害了原文的文学价值./ɪkˌsaɪtəˈbɪlətɪ; ɪkˌsaɪtə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U] quality of being excitable 易兴奋性; 易激动性./ɪkˈsaɪtəbl; ɪk`saɪtəbl/ adj (of a person, animal or temperament) easily excited （指人、动物或气质）易兴奋的, 易激动的: an excitable child 易兴奋的孩子 * an excitable breed of dog 一种易受刺激的狗 * an excitable race of people 容易冲动的民族./ɪkˈsaɪt; ɪk`saɪt/ v  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态, Tn.pr] cause strong feelings of eagerness, happiness, nervousness, etc in (a person or an animal) 使（人或动物）兴奋, 激动: The children were very excited by the pantomime. 孩子们看了童话剧非常兴奋. * Don't excite yourself, ie Keep calm. 不要激动.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) cause or bring about (sth) by arousing strong feelings in sb 刺激; 激起; 煽动; 鼓动: excite a riot 煽动暴乱 * Agitators were exciting the people to rebel/to rebellion against their rulers. 煽动者鼓动人民造反以反抗统治者.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (in sb)arouse (an emotion) in sb; cause (a response or reaction) in sb 激发某人的（情感）; 引起某人的（回应或反应）: excite public suspicion 引起大众怀疑 * The recent discoveries have excited great interest among doctors. 最近的多项发现引起医生们的极大兴趣. * excite envy, admiration, greed, etc (in sb) 引起（某人）羡慕、爱慕、贪念等. (b) arouse (sexual desire) 激发（性欲）: Some people are sexually excited by pornographic magazines. 有的人看到色情杂志能激发起性欲.  4 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (part of the body) to be active 刺激（身体某部分）: drugs that excite the nervous system 刺激神经系统的药物./ɪkˈsaɪtɪd; ɪk`saɪtɪd/ adj feeling or showing excitement 兴奋的; 激动的: sexually excited 性兴奋 * The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party. 孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了. * It's nothing to get excited about. 这没什么可值得激动的. adv./ɪkˈsaɪtmənt; ɪk`saɪtmənt/ n  1 [U] state of strong emotion or feeling, esp one caused by sth pleasant 刺激; 激动; 兴奋: The news caused great excitement. 这消息令人极为兴奋. * jumping about in excitement at the discovery 因这一发现而兴奋得手舞足蹈.  2 [C] (fml 文) thing that excites; exciting incident, etc 令人兴奋的事物; 使人激动的事: the excitements associated with a cruise around the world 关于乘船周游世界的令人兴奋的事.adj causing great interest or enthusiasm 使人激动的; 令人兴奋的: an exciting piece of work 令人兴奋的工作 * an exciting story 使人激动的故事 * an exciting discovery 振奋人心的发现. adv./ɪkˈskleɪm; ɪk`sklem/ v [I, Ipr, Tf] cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise, etc （因疼痛、愤怒、惊奇等）惊叫, 呼喊: `What,' he exclaimed, `Are you leaving without me?' ｀怎么着,＇他喊道, ｀你要把我丢下自己走吗?＇ * He could not help exclaiming at how much his son had grown. 他的儿子已长那么高了, 他不禁惊叫起来. * He exclaimed that it was untrue. 他大声说那不是事实./ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn; ˌɛksklə`meʃən/ n (short) sound(s) or word(s), expressing sudden surprise, pain, etc 呼喊; 惊叫; 叹词; 感叹语: `Oh!', `Look out!' and `Ow!' are exclamations. ｀啊!＇、｀小心!＇、｀哎哟!＇都是感叹词语.mark (!) written after an exclamation 叹号; 感叹号; 惊叹号（!）. =>App 3 见附录3./ɪkˈsklæmətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; ɪk`sklæməˌtɔrɪ/ adj (fml 文) of, using or containing an exclamation 呼喊的; 感叹的: an exclamatory sentence 感叹句./ɪkˈskluːd; ɪk`sklud/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (a) prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out 防止某人进入某处; 阻止某人参加某事等; 把某人排除在外: exclude a person from membership of a society 拒绝接纳某人入会 * Women are often excluded from positions of authority. 女子要想得到有权的职位往往遭到排斥. (b) prevent sth from getting in; keep sth out 防止某物进入; 将某物排斥在外: All air must be excluded (from the bottle) if the experiment is to work. 若要做好这一试验, 不得让空气进（到瓶子里）去. * All draughts must be excluded from the room. 这间屋子不可有风透进.  2 [Tn] reject (sth) as a possibility; ignore as a consideration 排除（某事）的可能性; 不予考虑: The police have excluded robbery as a motive for the murder. 警方已排除该谋杀案中有抢劫的动机. * We must not exclude the possibility that the child has run away. 我们不可排除这孩子离家出走的可能性.  3 [Tn] leave (sth) out; not include 将（某物）排除; 不包括: lunch costs 5 per person, excluding drinks 午餐费每人5英镑, 不包括饮料. * That price excludes accommodation. 那价钱不包括住宿./ɪkˈskluːʒn; ɪk`skluʒən/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sb/sth) (from sth) action of excluding; being excluded 排斥; 排除在外: the exclusion of women from the temple 妇女之被排斥于寺院之外.  2 (idm 习语) to the exclusion of sb/sth so as to exclude (all other members of a group) 排除（其他的一切）: He spent his spare time gardening, to the exclusion of all other interests. 他把空余时间都用在园艺上了, 没有任何其他爱好./ɪkˈskluːsɪv; ɪk`sklusɪv/ adj  1 (a) (of a group, society, etc) not readily admitting new members (esp if they are thought to be socially inferior); select （指群体、会社等）不愿接收新成员的（尤指对社会地位低下者）; 精选的: He is part of an exclusive social circle and belongs to an exclusive club. 他所处的社交圈子很排外, 而且参加的又是个很排外的社团. (b) (of a high-class shop, goods sold in it, etc) not found elsewhere; reserved for the wealthy （指高级商店、货物等）罕见的, 高级的, 高档的: exclusive styles, designs, articles 高级的式样、设计、物品 * an exclusive restaurant, private school 为富人开设的饭店、私立学校.  2 reserved for or limited to the person(s) or group concerned 独有的; 独占的: exclusive privileges of the aristocracy 贵族独有的特权 * an exclusive agency for the sale of Ford cars in this town 这城镇的福特汽车包销商 * The interview is exclusive to this magazine. 本杂志得到独家访问权.  3 excluding all but the thing specified 唯一的: Painting has not been her exclusive occupation. 绘画并非她唯一的职业.  4 not admitting sth else; rejecting other considerations 排他的: The two plans are mutually exclusive, ie If you accept one you must reject the other. 这两个方案是相互抵触的.  5 ~ of sb/sth not including sb/sth; not counting sb/sth 不包括某人[某事物]; 不把某人[某事物]算在内: The ship has a crew of 57 exclusive of officers. 这船上除高级船员外, 有57名普通船员. * The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation. 度假费用未包括住宿费.

n [C] (also exclusive story) newspaper or magazine story given to and published by only one newspaper （报纸或杂志的）独家报道, 独家专文: a Daily Mirror exclusive 每日镜报独家报道. exclusively adv: This special offer has been exclusively designed for readers of this magazine. 这一特价优惠是专为本杂志读者提供的./ˌekskluːˈsɪvətɪ;ˌɛksklu`sɪvətɪ/ n [U] quality of being exclusive 独特性: The shop was proud of its exclusiveness. 这商店因别具一格而沾沾自喜./ˌekskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt; ˌɛkskə`mjunə-ˌket/ v [Tn] exclude (sb) as a punishment from the rights and privileges of membership of the Christian Church 将（某人）逐出基督教教会（剥夺教籍的惩罚）./ˌekskəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌɛkskə-ˌmjunə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] action of excommunicating or being excommunicated 逐出教会.  2 [C] example of this; official statement announcing this 逐出教会; 逐出教会的公告./ˈekskrɪmənt; `ɛkskrɪmənt/ n [U] (fml 文) solid waste matter passed from the body through the bowels; faeces 粪便: The pavement was covered in dogs' excrement. 便道上满是狗屎./ɪkˈskresns; ɪk`skrɛsns/ n (fml 文) abnormal (ugly and useless) growth on an animal body or a plant 赘生物; 瘤; 赘疣: (fig 比喻) The new office block is an excrescence on the landscape. 这座新办公楼在这片风景中很碍眼./ɪkˈskriːtə; ɪk`skritə/ n [U] (fml 文) liquid and solid waste (excrement, urine, sweat) passed from the body 排泄物（粪、尿、汗）: the smell of excreta in the hospital ward 医院病房里排泄物的气味./ɪkˈskriːt; ɪk`skrit/ v [Tn] (fml 文) (of an animal or a plant) pass out (waste matter, sweat, etc) from the system （指动物或植物）排泄或分泌（废物、汗等）./ɪkˈskriːʃn; ɪk`skriʃən/ n (a) [U] action of excreting 排泄; 分泌. (b) [C, U] that which is excreted 排泄物; 分泌物./ɪkˈskruːʃɪeɪtɪŋ; ɪk`skruʃɪˌetɪŋ/ adj (of physical or mental pain) intense; acute （指肉体或精神痛苦）极度的, 剧烈的: He has excruciating backache. 他的背疼得很厉害. * excruciating misery 极大的苦难 * (joc 谑) He's an excruciating bore. 他是个非常讨厌的人. * an excruciating concert 十分糟糕的音乐会.adv: an excruciatingly painful experience 令人极为痛苦的经历./ˈekskʌlpeɪt; `ɛkskʌlˌpet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) free sb from blame; say that sb is not guilty 为某人开脱; 说某人无罪: exculpate a person from a charge 开脱对某人的指责 * exculpate oneself from blame 为自己辩解./ɪkˈskɜːʃn; <i>US</i> ʒn; ɪk`skɝʒən/ n (a) short journey, esp one made by a group of people together for pleasure 短程旅行; 远足: go on/make a day excursion to the mountains, ie there and back in one day 到山上游玩一天 * Many excursions had been arranged by the holiday company. 短程旅游原先多由度假服务公司安排的. * [attrib 作定语] an excursion train 游览火车 * an excursion ticket, ie one issued at a reduced fare 旅游特惠票. (b) short journey made for a particular purpose 短途行程: a shopping excursion 购物之行. =>Usage at journey 用法见journey./ɪkˈskjuːzəbl; ɪk`skjuzəbl/ adj that may be excused 可原谅的: an excusable mistake 可原谅的错误. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./ɪkˈskjuːs; ɪk`skjus/ n ~ (for sth/doing sth) (true or invented) reason given to explain or defend one's behaviour; apology 理由; 解释; 辩护; 辩解; 藉口; 道歉: He's always making excuses for being late. 他迟到总是有藉口. * There's no excuse for such behaviour. 这种行为不可原谅. * He made his excuses (ie He apologized) and left the meeting. 他表示歉意後就离开了会场. * Please offer/give them my excuses. 请代我向他们致歉. * I can't attend the meeting  would you make my excuses (ie apologize and give my reasons for not attending), please? 我不能参加会议--你能替我道歉并解释一下吗? * (fml 文) Those who are absent without (good) excuse (ie without giving a (good) excuse) will be dismissed. 无故缺席者一律开除.

/ɪkˈskjuːz; ɪk`skjuz/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth/doing sth) forgive or overlook (a fault, etc); pardon sb/sth 宽恕或饶恕（过失等）; 原谅某人[某事物]: Please excuse my late arrival. 请原谅我来晚了. * Excuse me for being late. 原谅我迟到了. * Excuse my interrupting you. 对不起, 打扰你一下. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth/doing sth) give reasons showing, or intended to show, that (a person or his actions) cannot be blamed 为（某人或某行为）辩解或辩白: Nothing can excuse such rudeness. 如此无礼决不可宽恕. * She stood up, excused herself (ie apologized for leaving) and walked out of the meeting. 她站起身来为中途离开道了歉, 然後走出会场. * He excused himself for being late by saying that his car had broken down. 他为迟到作辩解, 说他的汽车坏了.  2 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb (from sth) set sb free from a duty, requirement, punishment, etc 免除某人的责任、对其要求、惩罚等: He was excused (from) piano practice. 他获准不必练习钢琴. * They may be excused (from doing) this exercise. 他们可以免做这一练习.  3 (idm 习语) excuse me (a) (used as an apology when one interrupts, disagrees, disapproves or has to behave impolitely 用作打扰别人、表示不赞成、不同意或失礼时的道歉用语): Excuse me, is anybody sitting here? 请问, 这儿有人坐吗? * Excuse me, but I don't think that's quite true. 很抱歉, 我认为这与事实略有出入. (b) excuse me? (esp US) Please repeat what you said. 请再说一遍. excuse/pardon my French => French. may I be excused? (euph 婉 Brit) (used esp by schoolchildren) may I go to the toilet? （尤作小学生用语）我可以上厕所吗?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 We say Excuse me to someone if we want to get his or her attention or before we do something that might disturb him or her, eg interrupt him/her, push him/her in a crowd, disagree with him/her 我们说Excuse me, 是为了引起他人注意或因为可能打扰他人, 如打断别人谈话、在人群中推挤别人、不同意别人的意见: Excuse me, can I get past, please? 劳驾, 能让我过去吗?  2 We say Sorry or (formally) I beg your pardon when we need to apologize for something 我们说Sorry或（郑重其事时说）I beg your pardon, 是因为需要为某事道歉: Sorry, did I tread on your toe? 对不起, 我踩着你的脚了吧? *  I beg your pardon. I think you were next in the queue. 对不起, 你原来是排在下一个的. In US English Pardon me and Excuse me are used for apologies. 在美式英语中, Pardon me和Excuse me都用以表示道歉.  3 We say Pardon? when we did not hear what someone said and want them to repeat it. 若未听见某人刚说的话而请其重复时, 说Pardon?. *In this case Sorry? is also used in British English and Excuse me? or Pardon me? in US English. 在这种情况下, 用英式英语还可说Sorry?, 而用美式英语则要说Excuse me?或Pardon me?./ˈeksɪkrəbl; `ɛksɪkrəbl/ adj (fml 文) very bad; terrible 极坏的; 糟透的; 恶劣的: execrable manners,weather 极度的无礼、恶劣的天气. /-blɪ; -blɪ/ adv./ˈeksɪkreɪt; `ɛksɪˌkret/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn] (fml 文) express or feel hatred of (sb/sth); curse 憎恨, 厌恶（某人[某事物]）; 咒骂; 诅咒./ˌeksɪˈkreɪʃn; ˌɛksɪ`kreʃən/ n [U, C]./ˈeksɪkjuːt; `ɛksɪˌkjut/ v [Tn]  1 (fml 文) carry out, perform (what one is asked or told to do) 执行; 实行; 履行; 完成: execute sb's commands 执行某人的命令 * execute a plan, a piece of work, a purpose 实行一计划、完成一工作、达到一目的.  2 (law 律) (a) put (sth) into effect 使（某事）生效; 实施: execute a will 依照遗嘱行事. (b) make (sth) legally valid 使（某事）有法律效力: execute a legal document, ie by having it signed, witnessed, sealed and delivered 使一法律文件生效（经签署、签名见证、封印、交付者）.  3 kill (sb) as a legal punishment 将（某人）处死: He was executed for treason. 他因叛国罪已处死. * execute a murderer 处决一谋杀犯.  4 (fml 文) perform (sth) on the stage, at a concert, etc （在舞台上或音乐会中）演奏; 表演: execute a dance step 表演舞步 * The piano sonata was badly executed. 这首钢琴奏鸣曲演奏得很糟.  5 (computing 计) carry out (the instructions of a computer program) 执行（计算机程序的指令）./ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn; ˌɛksɪ`kjuʃən/ n  1 [U] carrying out or performance of a piece of work, plan, design, duty, etc 执行; 实行; 履行; 完成: His original idea was good, but his execution of the scheme was disastrous. 他的设想很好, 但实行起来却糟糕透顶. * The plans were finally put into execution. 这些计划终于得以实施.  2 [U] (law 律) action of carrying out the orders of a will 对遗嘱条款的执行: The solicitor is proceeding with the execution of my mother's will. 律师正着手执行我母亲的遗嘱.  3 [C, U] (act of) killing sb as a legal punishment 处死刑; 死刑: execution by hanging 以绞刑处死 * five executions last year 去年执行的五起死刑.  4 [U] (fml 文) skill in performing eg music 表演技巧（如音乐演奏）: The pianist's execution of the concerto was marvellous. 那钢琴师弹的协奏曲神乎其技.  5 (idm 习语) a stay of execution => stay n./ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃənə(r); ˌɛksɪ`kjuʃənɚ/ n public official who carries out a death sentence 死刑执行人; 行刑人./ɪgˈzekjʊtɪv; ɪˇ`zɛkjᴜtɪv/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (esp in business) concerned with the management and carrying out of plans, decisions, etc （尤指企业中）经营管理的, 经营的, 经理的: executive duties 经营管理的职责 * possess executive ability 具有管理的才能.  2 having power to carry out decisions, laws, decrees, etc （对决策、法律、法令等）有执行权的, 行政的, 决策的: executive authority 行政当局 * the executive branch of the Government 政府的行政部门 * the executive committee of a political party 一政党的执行委员会 * the executive head of State, eg the President of the US 一国的行政首长（如美国的总统）.

n  1 [CGp] person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial powers （在企业、工会等中的）行政领导; 经理; 董事; 董事会: a sales executive 营业主任 * She's an executive in a computer company. 她是一家计算机公司的行政人员. * The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company. 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策. * [attrib 作定语] an executive briefcase 行政人员公事包.  2 [C] (in the Civil Service) person who carries out what has been planned or decided （政府文职部门的）行政人员: [attrib 作定语] executive officer 行政主任.  3 the executive [Gp] executive branch of a government 政府的行政部门./ɪgˈzekjʊtə(r); ɪˇ`zɛkjətɚ/ n person who is appointed by the maker of a will to carry out the terms of the will （立遗嘱人指定的）遗嘱执行人./ˌeksɪˈdʒiːsɪs; ˌɛksə`dʒisɪs/ n (pl -ses / -siz; -siz/)[U, C] (fml 文) explanation and interpretation of a written work, esp the Bible 诠释, 注解, 注释（尤指对《圣经》的文字）./ɪgˈzemplərɪ; ɪˇ`zɛmplərɪ/ adj  1 serving as an example; suitable for imitation 用作模范的; 可作楷模的: exemplary behaviour 模范行为 * an exemplary student 模范学生.  2 (fml 文) serving as a warning 用作警戒的: exemplary punishment 警戒性的惩罚./ɪgˌzemplɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ɪˇˌzɛmpləfə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] exemplifying 举例说明; 示范.  2 [C] (fml 文) example 例证; 例子; 范例./ɪgˈzemplɪfaɪ; ɪˇ`zɛmpləˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn]  1 be a typical example of (sth) 是（某事物）的典型: This painting exemplifies the artist's early style. 这幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型.  2 (fml 文) give an example of (sth); illustrate by example 举出（某事物）的例子; 举例说明: exemplify the problems involved. 举例说明所涉及的问题./ɪgˈzempt; ɪˇ`zɛmpt/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) free from an obligation, duty or payment; not liable 被免除义务或责任; 不用付款; 被豁免: exempt from military service 免服兵役 * exempt from working overtime 免于超时工作 * goods exempt from tax免税货物 * Children under 16 are exempt from prescription charges. 16岁以下的儿童免付处方费.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) make sb/sth exempt 使某人[某事物]免除或豁免: His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.他因视力不好而免服兵役. /ɪgˈzempʃn; ɪˇ`zɛmpʃən/ n [U, C]./ˈeksəsaɪz; `ɛksɚˌsaɪz/ n  1 [U] use or practice (of the mind or esp the body) through effort or action （智力的）运用; （尤指）锻炼运动: The doctor advised him to take more exercise. 医生建议他多运动. * Jogging is a healthy form of exercise. 慢跑是有益健康的锻炼方式. * Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise. 做纵横字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋.  2 [C] activity or task intended for physical or mental training 练习; 训练: vocal, gymnastic, keep-fit, deep-breathing, etc exercises 发音、体操、保健、深呼吸等练习 * exercises for the piano, flute, harp, etc 钢琴、长笛、竖琴等的练习 * The teacher set her class a mathematics exercise for homework. 那位女教师给班上布置数学的家庭作业. * [attrib 作定语] an exercise book, ie a book for writing in with soft covers and lined pages 练习本.  3 [U] ~ of sth (effective) use or application （有效的）使用或应用: The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic negotiations. 在外交谈判中, 重要的是要有耐性. * the exercise of one's civil rights 公民权利的行使 * His stories showed considerable exercise of the imagination. 他的故事颇具创意.  4 [C often pl 常作复数] series of movements or operations for training troops, etc （部队等的）操练, 演习: military exercises 军事操练 * (fig 比喻) an exercise in diplomatic relations 外交关系上的举动.  5 exercises [pl] (US) ceremonies 典礼; 仪式: graduation exercises 毕业典礼 * opening exercises, eg speeches at the start of a conference 开幕仪式（如致开幕词）.

/ˈeksəsaɪz; `ɛksɚˌsaɪz/ v  1 [I] perform some kind of physical exercise （体能方面）锻炼, 运动: He exercises twice a day. 他每天锻炼两次.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) give exercise1(1) to sb/sth; train sb/sth (by means of exercises) 使某人[某物]得到锻炼; 训练某人[某物]: Horses get fat and lazy if they are not exercised. 马不训练就会增膘、变懒. * Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼.  3 [Tn] make use of (sth); employ 利用（某物）; 使用; 运用: exercise patience, tolerance, power, control, etc 运用耐性、忍耐力、权力、控制力等 * exercise one's rights as a citizen 行使公民权 * Teachers exercise authority over their pupils. 教师经常管束学生.  4 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (fml 文) worry or trouble (sb) 使（某人）担心、忧虑或烦恼: This problem is exercising our minds very much at the moment. 这一问题此刻使我们很伤脑筋. * I am very much exercised about the education of my son. 我对儿子的教育十分操心./ɪgˈzɜːt; ɪˇ`zɝt/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) bring (a quality, skill, pressure, etc) into use; apply sth 用（某特质、技巧、压力等）; 应用（某物）: He exerted all his influence to make them accept his plan. 他用尽一切影响力使他们接受他的计划. * Her husband exerted a lot of pressure on her to succeed. 她丈夫殷切期望她能成功, 给了她很大的压力.  2 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] ~ oneself make an effort 努力; 尽力: You'll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam. 你若想考试及格, 就必须更加努力. * He doesn't have to exert himself on my behalf. 他不必为我费那么大力气./ɪgˈzɜːʃn; ɪˇ`zɝʃən/ n (a) [U] action of applying influence, etc 发挥; 运用; 行使; 施加: Exertion of authority over others is not always wise; persuasion may be better. 利用权力压服别人并非永远是上策, 运用说服方法或许更为可取. (b) [C, U] (instance of) great effort 努力; 尽力; 费力: incapable of physical exertion 体力上不能劳累的 * He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions. 他虽然竭尽全力, 但仍未能将那石块搬起. * Now that I'm 90, I find the exertions of travelling too great. 我年届90岁, 出远门已力不从心./ˈeksɪənt; `ɛksɪənt/ (Latin 拉) (as a stage direction 用作舞台说明) they leave the stage 他们退场: exeunt Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼和克娄巴特拉退场. Cf 参看 exit v 2./ˌekshəˈleɪʃn; ˌɛksə`leʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] act of exhaling 呼气; 排气.  2 [U, C] thing exhaled 被呼出或排出之物: an exhalation of smoke 排出的烟./eksˈheɪl; ɛks`hel/ v [I, Tn] (fml 文)  1 breathe (sth) out 呼出（某物）: She exhaled slowly to show her annoyance. 她长吁着气以示厌烦. * exhale air from the lungs 从肺中呼出气来 * exhale smoke 吐出烟雾.  2 give off or expel (gas or vapour) 散发或排出（气体）./ɪgˈzɔːst; ɪˇ`zɔst/ n  1 [U] waste fumes, gases, steam, etc expelled from an engine or a machine （机器排出的）废气、蒸气等: the smell of the exhaust 排出的废气气味 * [attrib 作定语] exhaust fumes 排出的废气.  2 (also ex`haust-pipe) [C] outlet or pipe through which these gases are sent out 排气口; 排气管: My car needs a new exhaust. 我的汽车该换排气管了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

/ɪgˈzɔːst; ɪˇ`zɔst/ v [Tn]  1 [esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (a person or an animal) very tired 使（人或动物）非常疲倦: The long cycle ride exhausted her. 她因长途骑车而疲惫不堪. * He exhausted himself in the attempt. 他因十分努力而筋疲力尽.  2 use (sth) up completely 用尽, 耗尽（某物）: exhaust one's patience, strength 失去耐性、用尽力气 * exhaust a money supply 把钱用光.  3 make (sth) empty; take out the contents of 将（某物）弄空; 取出（所含之物）: exhaust a well 将井汲乾.  4 say, find out, all there is to say about (sth) 详尽论述（某事物）: I think we've just about exhausted that subject. 我认为我们对这一问题已差不多是言无不尽了./ɪgˈzɔːstɪd; ɪˇ`zɔstɪd/ adj very tired 极其疲倦的: I'm exhausted! 我已筋疲力尽了! * The exhausted troops surrendered. 部队人困马乏结果投降了./ɪgˈzɔːstʃən; ɪˇ`zɔstʃən/ n [U]  1 total loss of strength; extreme tiredness 筋疲力尽; 精疲力竭; 极度疲劳: They were in a state of exhaustion after climbing the mountain. 他们爬山以後筋疲力尽了.  2 (fml 文) action of using up completely 用尽; 耗尽; 枯竭: the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources 地球上自然资源的迅速枯竭./ɪgˈzɔːstɪv; ɪˇ`zɔstɪv/ adj very thorough; complete 彻底的; 详尽的; 完全的; 全面的: an exhaustive enquiry, search 彻底的调查、搜查.adv./ɪgˈzɪbɪt; ɪˇ`zɪbɪt/ n   1 object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museum 展览品; 陈列品: a priceless exhibit 一件极贵重的陈列品 * The museum has some interesting new exhibits from India. 博物馆新陈列一些有趣的印度展品. * Do not touch the exhibits. 请勿触摸展品.  2 document, object, etc produced as evidence in a lawcourt （当庭出示的）证件, 物证, 证据: The first exhibit was a knife which the prosecution claimed was the murder weapon. 当庭出示的第一件物证是一把刀, 据原告称是为谋杀凶器.

/ɪgˈzɪbɪt; ɪˇ`zɪbɪt/ v  1 (a) [Tn] show or display (sth) for the public (for pleasure, for sale, in a competition, in a lawcourt, etc) 当众显示或展出（某物）: exhibit flowers at a flower show 在花展上展出花卉 * documents exhibited in a lawcourt 当庭出示的文件. (b) [I, Tn] (of an artist) present (works of art) for the public, esp in an art gallery （指艺术家）展出（艺术品）（尤指于美术馆）: The young painter has exhibited (his work) in several galleries. 那年轻画家的作品已在几家美术馆中展出.  2 [Tn] (fml 文) show clearly that one possesses (a quality or feeling) 表现, 显示, 显出（某特质或感情）: He exhibited total lack of concern for the child. 可以看出他对那孩子毫不关心. * She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. 她在攀登过程中表现出极大的耐力./ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn; ˌɛksə`bɪʃən/ n  1 [C] (a) collection of things shown publicly (eg works of art, industrial or commercial goods for advertisement) 展览品; 展览; 展览会: Have you seen the Picasso exhibition? ie exhibition of paintings by Picasso. 你参观过毕加索的画展吗? * [attrib 作定语] one of the exhibition halls at the Frankfurt book fair 法兰克福书展的展厅之一. (b) public display of animals, plants, flowers, etc (esp as shown in a competition for prizes) 动物、植物、花卉等的展览（尤指为获奖而参赛的）.  2 (a) [sing] act of showing (a quality or feeling) （某特质或感情的）表现, 显示: an exhibition of bad manners 无礼的表现 * The quiz was a good opportunity for the exhibition of his knowledge. 这次测验是他显示知识的好机会. (b) [C] public demonstration of a skill （技术的）公开示范表演: There's an exhibition of pottery-making at the fair. 在集市场上有陶器制作的示范表演. * a dancing exhibition 舞蹈表演. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration.  3 [C] (Brit) money allowance to a student from school or college funds for a number of years to pay for the costs of study 奖学金.  4 (idm 习语) make an exhi`bition of oneself (derog 贬) behave foolishly or badly in public 当众出丑; 出洋相: People at the party were embarrassed when Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself. 弗兰克喝醉了, 出尽洋相, 使参加聚会的人很难为情./-ʃənə(r); -ʃənɚ/ n (Brit) student who receives an exhibition(3) 获奖学金的学生./-ʃənɪzəm; -ʃənɪzəm/ n [U]  1 tendency to behave in a way intended to attract attention to oneself 表现癖: She was embarrassed by his exhibitionism at the party. 他在聚会上竭力表现自己使她感到很难堪.  2 (fml 文) offence of indecently exposing one's sexual organs in public 露阴癖（当众暴露自己性器官的猥亵行为）./-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n person who is given to exhibitionism 好自我表现的人; 有露阴癖的人: Children are natural exhibitionists. 儿童天生喜欢自我表现.n person who displays pictures, flowers, etc at a show （画展、花展等的）展出者, 参展者: Nearly fifty exhibitors have provided pictures for the display. 有近五十名参展者为画展提供了展品./ɪgˈzɪləreɪt; ɪˇ`zɪləˌret/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] make (sb) feel very happy or lively 使（某人）愉快或活跃: exhilarated by the news 这消息使人高兴 * We felt exhilarated by our walk along the beach. 我们沿着海滩散步感到心旷神怡.adj very exciting; causing happiness 使人兴奋的; 令人高兴的: Our first parachute jump was an exhilarating experience. 我们第一次跳伞感到兴奋莫名./ɪgˌzɪləˈreɪʃn; ɪˇˌzɪlə`reʃən/ n [U]./ɪgˈzɔːt; ɪˇ`zɔrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) advise sb strongly or earnestly; urge sb 劝告, 规劝或告诫（某人）: The chairman exhorted the party workers to action. 主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动. * The teacher exhorted him to work hard. 教师谆谆告诫他要用功./ˌegzɔːˈteɪʃn; ˌɛˇzɔr`teʃən/ n  1 [U] (fml 文) action of exhorting 劝告; 规劝; 告诫.  2 [C] earnest request; speech, etc that exhorts 诚恳的要求; 劝告; 告诫: All his father's exhortations were in vain. 他父亲的一切劝告都无效./ˌekshjuːˈmeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌegzuː-; ˌɛˇzu`meʃən/n (fml 文)  1 [U] exhuming or being exhumed 掘尸.  2 [C] instance of this 掘尸./eksˈhjuːm; <i>US</i> ɪgˈzuːm; ɪˇ`zum/ v [Tn] take (a dead body) from the ground (for examination) 掘出（尸体）（以检验）: When the police exhumed the corpse they discovered traces of poison in it. 警方掘出尸体, 发现有中毒的痕迹./ˈeksɪdʒənsɪ; `ɛksədʒənsɪ/ n [C often pl, U 作可数名词时常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (fml 文) (condition of) urgent need or demand; emergency 紧急的需要或要求; 紧急情况; 危急关头: The people had to accept the harsh exigencies of war. 人们要承受战乱的严酷现实./-dʒənt; -dʒənt/ adj (fml 文)  1 requiring immediate action; urgent 需要立即采取行动的; 紧急的: an exigent set of circumstances 一系列亟待处理的情况.  2 requiring much; exacting 苛求的; 苛刻的: an exigent employer 苛刻的雇主. adv./egˈzɪgjʊəs; ɪˇ`zɪˇjᴜəs/ adj (fml 文) very small (in amount); scanty 稀少的; 少量的; 微小的: an exiguous diet 量少的规定饮食 * the last of the old man's exiguous savings 那老人微薄积蓄中的剩余部分./ˈeksaɪl; `ɛˇzaɪl/ n  1 [U] being sent away from one's native country or home, esp for political reasons or as a punishment; forced absence 流放; 放逐; 充军:be/live in exile 于流放中[过流放生活] * go/be sent into exile 流亡[遭放逐] * a place of exile 流放地.  2 [C] long stay away from one's country or home 长期去国或离家: After an exile of ten years her uncle returned to Britain. 她叔叔背井离乡十年後返回英国.  3 [C] person who lives away from his own country from choice or because he is forced to （自愿或被迫）去国者: a tax exile, ie a rich person who moves to another country where the rate of income tax is lower 迁往所得税率较低国家居住的富人 * There were many French exiles in England after the Revolution. 法国大革命後, 有许多法国人流亡英国.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) send sb into exile 放逐某人: exiled for life 遭终生流放 * She was exiled from her country because of her part in the plot against the government. 她因参与反政府的阴谋而遭驱逐出国./ɪgˈzɪst; ɪˇ`zɪst/ v [I, Ipr]  1 ~ (in/on sth) (a) be real or actual; have being 存在; 有: Do you believe fairies exist? ie that there are really fairies? 你相信真有小神仙吗? * The idea exists only in the minds of poets. 这种想法是诗人才有的. * laws that have existed for hundreds of years 已存在千百年的法规 * Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗? (b) be found; occur 被发现; 发生: This plant exists only in Australia. 这种植物只产于澳大利亚.  2 ~ (on sth) continue living, esp with difficulty or with very little money; survive 生存（尤指有困难或钱很少）; 活下来; 幸存: We cannot exist without food or water. 没有食物或水我们就不能生存. * He exists on rice and water, ie by eating rice and water. 他靠吃米饭和水过活. * I can hardly exist on the wage I'm getting; there is no money for luxuries. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以　口, 根本无钱享受./-əns; -əns/ n  1 [U] state or fact of existing 存在: Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗? * This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence, ie that exists. 这是现存最早的希伯来语手稿. * When did the world come into existence, ie begin to exist? 世界是什么时候产生的? * I was unaware of his existence until now. 现在我才知道有他这么个人.  2 (a) [sing] manner of living, esp when this is difficult, boring, etc; way of living 生活（尤指艰苦、无聊等的生活）; 生活方式: We led a happy enough existence as children. 我们小时候的生活过得很愉快. * living a miserable existence miles from the nearest town 在远离城镇的偏僻地区, 过着凄惨的日子. (b) [sing, U] continuance in life; survival 生存; 存活: The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence, ie for existence itself. 农民要靠丰收才能活命. * They eke out a bare existence (ie They scarcely manage) on his low salary. 他们靠他微薄的薪金勉强　口.  3 (idm 习语) the bane of sb's existence => bane./-ənt; -ənt/ adj (fml 文) existing; actual 存在的; 现有的; 现存的./ˌegzɪˈstenʃəl; ˌɛˇzɪs`tɛnʃəl/ adj  1 (fml 文) of or relating to (esp human) existence （尤指人类）存在的; 与（人类）存在有关的.  2 of or relating to the theory of existentialism 存在主义的; 与存在主义有关的./ˌegzɪˈstenʃəlɪzəm; ˌɛˇzɪs`tɛnʃəlˌɪzəm/ n (philosophy 哲) theory (deriving from Kierkegaard / 5kIEkEgR:d; `kirkE9^Brd/ (1813-55), the Danish philosopher, and made popular by Sartre / 5sB:trE; `sBrtrE/ (1905-80), the French writer and philosopher) that man is a unique and isolated individual in a meaningless or hostile world, responsible for his own actions and free to choose his destiny 存在主义./-ʃəlɪst; -ʃəlɪst/ n, adj: He's an existentialist. 他是存在主义者. * He holds existentialist views. 他持存在主义观点./ˈeksɪt, also ˈegzt; `ɛksɪt, `ɛˇzət/ n  1 action of leaving; departure, esp that of an actor from the stage 离别; 离开; （尤指演员）退场: The heroine makes her exit (from the stage). 女主角退场. * When his ex-wife arrived at the party he made a swift exit, ie he left quickly. 在聚会上, 他的前妻来到时, 他匆匆离去. * [attrib 作定语] an exit visa, ie a stamp or signature on a passport giving permission to leave a particular country 出境签证.  2 way out (of a public building) （公共建筑物的）出口, 太平门: There are four emergency exits in the department store. 这百货公司有四个紧急出口. * [attrib 作定语] The exit signs in cinemas are usually illuminated. 电影院的出口标记通常都有照明.  3 point at which a road, etc turns off from a motorway or roundabout, allowing vehicles to leave （车辆可从高速公路或环状交叉路驶出的）出口, 出路: At the roundabout, take the third exit. 在环状交叉路口, 从第三条出路驶出. * Leave the motorway at the Stokenchurch exit. 在斯托肯彻切出口处驶离高速公路.

v [I]  1 go out; (esp of an actor) leave (the stage) 出去; 离去; 退出; （尤指演员）退场: At the end of the third scene the actress exits. 该女演员于第三场结束时退场. * (joc 谑) We exited from the party as soon as we could. 我们在聚会上能抽得身时, 便鞠躬下台告辞而去.  2 (as a printed stage direction in plays) he or she leaves the stage （剧本中的舞台说明）他下场: Exit Macbeth. 麦克佩斯退场. Cf 参看 exeunt.unofficial poll based on interviews with voters as they leave a polling station after voting 票站调查（在投票站外向刚投票者进行的访问）.comb form 构词成分 external, outside or beyond 外部的; 外面的; 外: exoskeleton / 5eksEUskelItn; 9Zkso`skZlEtn/, ie external covering on an animal, eg the shell of a crab * exogamous / ek5sCgEmEs; Zks`B^EmEs/, ie marrying outside one's religion, caste, etc./ˈeksədəs; `ɛksədəs/ n  1 [sing] ~ (from...) (to...) (fml or joc 文或谑) departure of many people at one time （大批人同时之）离去: the mass exodus of people to the sea and mountains for the summer holidays 为度暑假游山玩水大批人外出 * The play was so awful that there was a general exodus from the theatre at the interval. 那剧十分糟糕, 在幕间休息时观众纷纷离去.  2 the Exodus the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, in about 1300 BC 出埃及事（约公元前1300年以色列人离开埃及一事）.  3 Exodus title of the 2nd book of the Bible, which tells the story of this departure 《出埃及记》（《圣经·旧约》中的第2卷）./ɪgˈzɒnəreɪt; ɪˇ`zɑnəˌret/ v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) declare sb free from blame 宣布某人无罪过: He was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident. 已确定他无须对该事故负任何责任. /ɪgˌzɒnəˈreɪʃn; ɪˇˌzɑnə`reʃən/ n [U]./-təns; -təns/ n [U] (fml 文). exorbitantly adv: exorbitantly expensive 过于昂贵./ɪgˈzɔːbɪtənt; ɪˇ`zɔrbətənt/ adj (fml 文) (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable （指价格、索价等）过高的, 过分的, 不合理的: exorbitant rents 过高的租金 * The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高.=> exorcize/ˈeksɔːsɪzəm; `ɛksɔrˌsɪzəm/ n [C, U] (instance of) exorcizing 驱除邪魔. /ˈeksɔːsɪst; `ɛksɔrˌsɪst/ n person who exorcizes 驱除邪魔者./ˈeksɔːsaɪz; `ɛksɔrˌsaɪz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (esp religion 尤用于宗教) drive out or expel (an evil spirit) by prayers or magic 用祈祷或魔法驱逐或祛除（恶魔）: A priest exorcized the ghost from the house. 教士将鬼从房屋中驱走. * (fig 比喻) We gradually exorcized her feelings of panic and terror. 我们帮助她渐渐消除惊恐的感觉./ɪgˈzɒtɪk; ɪˇ`zɑtɪk/ adj  1 introduced from another country; not native 由外国引进的; 非本地的: exotic houseplants 引进的室内盆栽 * monkeys and other exotic animals 猴子及外来的其他动物 * mangoes and other exotic fruits 　果及其他外国水果.  2 striking or attractive because colourful or unusual （因富色彩或式样奇特）醒目的, 吸引人的, 漂亮的: exotic plumage 别致的羽毛 * exotic clothes 奇装异服./ɪkˈspænd; ɪk`spænd/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importance 使（某事物）变大, 扩大, 增大, 增加, 增强, 扩展: Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热则膨胀. * A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 轮胎一打气就鼓起来. * His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire. 他原先不大的生意後来扩展成了超级市场集团企业. * Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展. * Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?  2 [I, Ipr] spread out; unfold 伸展; 伸开; 张开; 展开: The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine. 花瓣在阳光下张开了. * His face expanded in a smile of welcome. 他喜笑颜开地表示欢迎. Cf 参看 contract3.  3 [I] (of a person) become more friendly or talkative （指人）变得热情或愿意交谈: The guests expanded a little when they'd had a glass or two of wine. 客人们喝了一两杯酒以後, 就有说有笑了.  4 (phr v) expand on sth develop or give more of (a story, an argument, etc) 阐述或详述（某事, 故事, 论点等）: You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you expand on that? 你曾提到需要一笔额外资金. 你详细谈谈好吗?sheet metal cut and stretched into a mesh used (esp) to reinforce concrete 拉制金属网（尤指用于加固混凝土者）.light packaging or insulation material made of air-filled plastic 多孔聚苯乙烯, 多孔塑料（用充气塑料制成的轻质包装或绝缘材料）./ɪkˈspæns; ɪk`spæns/ n ~ (of sth) wide and open area (of land, sea, etc) （陆地、海洋等的）广阔的区域: the wide expanses of the Pacific 浩淼的太平洋海域 * the blue expanses of the sky 广阔的蓝天 * a broad expanse of brow 宽阔的前额./ɪkˈspænʃn; ɪks`pænʃən/ n [U] action of expanding; state of being expanded 扩大; 扩展; 膨胀: the expansion of gases when heated 气体受热时的膨胀 * the expansion of his business interests 他的商业利益的增加 * the expansion of the school system 学校机构的扩大./-ʃənɪzəm; -ʃənɪzəm/ n [U] belief in, or practice of, expansion, esp of one's territory or business 扩张主义, 扩展政策（尤指领土或企业）: Expansionism was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century. 19世纪末, 英国许多政客鼓吹扩张主义. * The owners of the firm feared the manager's vigorous expansionism. 公司的股东都惧怕经理冒进的扩展政策. /-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n person who wishes esp a country or business to expand 扩张主义者; （企业中）赞成扩展政策者: [attrib 作定语] Hitler's expansionist policies 希特勒的扩张主义政策 * expansionist business plans 扩展企业的计划./ɪkˈspænsɪv; ɪk`spænsɪv/ adj  1 able or tending to expand 可扩大或伸展的; 有扩大或伸展性的: He greeted us with an expansive gesture (eg he stretched his arms wide) and a wide smile. 他手舞足蹈笑逐颜开地迎接我们.  2 (of a person, his manner, etc) willing to talk a lot; unreserved （指人、态度等）健谈的, 豪爽的, 开朗的: an expansive after-dinner speaker 健谈的饭後演讲者 * be in an expansive mood after a few drinks 喝了几杯酒以後情绪高涨. adv. n [U]./ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt; ɪk`speʃɪˌet/ v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) write or speak at great length or in detail about a subject 详述; 细说; 阐述: The chairman expatiated for two hours on his plans for the company. 董事长用两小时阐述了公司的规划./ˌeksˈpætrɪət; <i>US</i> -ˈpeɪt-; ɛks`petrɪɪt/ n person living outside his own country 居于国外的人; 侨民: American expatriates in Paris 居于巴黎的美国人 * [attrib 作定语] expatriate Englishmen in Spain 西班牙的英国侨民.

/-rɪeɪt; -rɪˌet/ v [Tn] cause (sb) to leave his native country; expel 使（某人）移居国外; 将（某人）逐出本国; 流放: expatriated on suspicion of spying for the enemy 涉嫌里通外国而被逐出本国./ɪkˈspekt; ɪk`spɛkt/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Tnt] ~ sth (from sb/sth) think or believe that sth will happen or that sb/sth will come 预料, 预计, 期待, 盼望（某事物会发生或某人[某事物]会来到）: This is the parcel which we have been expecting (from New York). 这是我们一直在期待的（从纽约来的）邮包. * I expect (that) I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来. * You would expect that there would be/there to be strong disagreement about this. 可以料到此事会有严重分歧. * You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语. * We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天能到. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) hope and feel confident that one will receive sth (from sb) 期望, 盼望, 指望（从某人处）得到某事物: I was expecting a present from her, so I was disappointed I didn't receive one. 我原来一直盼望着能收到她送的礼物, 所以因得不到而失望. * Don't expect any sympathy from me! 不要指望能得到我的同情! =>Usage at wait1 用法见wait1.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tnt] ~ sth (from sb) require sth (from sb), esp as a right or duty 要求（某人）某事物（尤指有权或有责任要求者）: The sergeant expects obedience from his men/that his men will obey him/his men to obey him. 中士要士兵服从他的命令. * I expect you to be punctual. 我要求你准时. * You will be expected to work on Saturdays. 你们星期六要上班.  3 [Tn, Tf, Tt] (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) (infml 口 esp Brit) suppose (sth); assume 料想为（某事物）; 认为; 猜想: `Who has eaten all the cake?' `Tom, I expect/I expect (that) it was Tom.' ｀谁把蛋糕都吃光了?＇｀我想是汤姆[大概是汤姆]吧.＇ * `Will you need help?' `I don't expect so. ' ｀你需要帮忙吗?＇｀我想不必了.＇ * `Will he be late?' `I expect so.' ｀他会迟到吗?＇｀我想会的.＇  4 (idm 习语) be expecting (a baby/child) (infml euph 口, 婉) be pregnant 怀孕: I hear Sally's expecting again. 我听说萨莉又有身子了. expect too `much (of sb) believe or assume sb can do more than he can 对（某人）期望过高: `I can't finish this job by Friday  you expect too much of me.' ｀我星期五以前干不完这项工作--你对我期望过高了.＇ (only) to be ex`pected likely to happen; quite normal 可能发生; 相当正常: A little tiredness after taking these drugs is to be expected. 服下这些药後会有些疲倦. * It is only to be expected your son will leave home eventually. 儿子总归要离开家的, 这种事很难免./ɪkˈspektənsɪ; ɪk`spɛktənsɪ/ n [U] state of expecting or hoping 预料; 预计; 期待; 盼望; 指望: a look/feeling of expectancy 期望的神色[心情] * She went to meet him with an air of expectancy, ie as if expecting him to bring sth. 她去见他时带着有所期待的神情. Cf 参看 life expectancy (life)./ɪkˈspektənt; ɪk`spɛktənt/ adj expecting (esp sth good); hopeful 期待的; 期望的; 怀有希望的: (fml 文) children with expectant faces waiting for the pantomime to start 眼巴巴地等候童话剧开演的儿童们. woman who is pregnant 怀孕的女人.adv. /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn; ˌɛkspɛk`teʃən/ n  1 [U] ~ (of sth) firm belief that sth will happen; hope of gaining sth/that sth will happen 预料; 预期; 期待; 期望: There's no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚预料无雪. * The children waited patiently in expectation of (ie expecting) the magician. 孩子们耐心地等待着魔术师. * He has little expectation of winning a prize. 他对获奖不抱什么希望.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] confident feelings (about sth) （对某事物）有信心的指望: His parents have great expectations for his future. 他父母对他的前途深寄厚望. * She had high expectations of what university had to offer. 她对大学所能给她提供的一切期望很高. * The holiday was beyond all expectations, ie better than was hoped for. 假日过得比预期的好得多.  3 (idm 习语) a,gainst/,contrary to (all) expec`tation(s) quite different from what was expected 出乎意料; 意想不到: a gold medal that was against all expectations 出乎意料的一枚金质奖章. ,expectation of `life years a person is expected to live 对某人的估计寿命. fall short of sb's/not come up to (sb's) expec`tations be less goodthan was expected 未臻理想: Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our expectations. 遗憾的是他推荐的餐厅与我们心目中的相去甚远. * His film performance didn't come up to expectations. 他在影片中的演出有负众望.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that is expected 预料的; 预期的; 期望的: expected objections to the plan 预料到的对该计划的反对意见./-rənt; -rənt/ n medicine that helps sb to expectorate 祛痰剂: The cough medicine contains an expectorant. 咳嗽药中含有祛痰剂./ɪkˈspektəreɪt; ɪk`spɛktəˌret/ v [I, Tn] (fml or medical 文或医) send out (phlegm from the throat, blood from the lungs) by coughing; spit 吐或咯（痰、血、唾液等）; 吐痰; 咯血; 吐唾液: In cases of tuberculosis blood is expectorated. 肺结核病有咯血症状./-əns; -əns/ (also expediency /-EnsI; -EnsI/) (n [U] suitability or usefulness for a purpose, though not necessarily fair or moral 适宜, 有用, 有利, 便利（但不一定合理或正当）: He acted from expediency, not from principle. 他为求达到目的, 丧失了原则./ɪkˈspiːdɪənt; ɪk`spidɪənt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of an action) useful, helpful or advisable for a particular purpose, though not necessarily fair or moral （指行动）有用, 有助益, 可取（但不一定合理或正当）: Since there was soon to be a general election, the Prime Minister decided that a change of policy was politically expedient. 鉴于即将举行大选, 首相认为变通一下政策在政治上有利. * actions that were expedient rather than principled 非原则性的权宜手段.

n means of achieving an aim, which may not be fair or moral 权宜之计, 应急手段（不一定合理或正当）: resort to various expedients to get the money together 采取各种应急办法筹款.adv./ˈekspɪdaɪt; `ɛkspɪˌdaɪt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) help the progress of (work, business, etc); hasten or speed up 有助于（工作、业务等）的进展; 加快; 加速: Please do what you can to expedite the building work. 请尽量加快建筑工作./ˌekspɪˈdɪʃn; ˌɛkspɪ`dɪʃən/ n  1 (a) organized journey or voyage with a particular aim （为某目的而组织的陆路或水路的）远行; 探险; 考察: send a party of people on an expedition 派一队人去考察 * go on an expedition to the North Pole 到北极去探险 * a hunting expedition 狩猎之行 * (joc 谑) a shopping expedition 购物之行. (b) people, vehicles, ships, etc making this journey （进行远征、探险、考察等的）人或使用的车辆、船只等: members of the Mount Everest expedition 埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）探险队队员.  2 (fml 文) speed; promptness 迅速; 敏捷: We carried out the captain's orders with all possible expedition. 我们毫不迟疑地迅速执行船长的命令./-ʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; -ʃənˌɛrɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or forming an expedition 远征的; 探险的; 考察的; 组成远征队等的: an expeditionary force, eg an army sent to take part in a war abroad 远征军（如到国外参战的军队）./ˌekspɪˈdɪʃəs; ˌɛkspɪ`dɪʃəs/ adj (fml 文) done with speed and efficiency 迅速而有效率的; 迅速完成的: an expeditious response 迅速的反应.adv: We will carry out the enquiry as expeditiously as possible. 我们将尽快进行调查./ɪkˈspel; ɪk`spɛl/ v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth)  1 force sb to leave (esp a country, school or club) 强迫（某人）离开（尤指国家、学校或会所）; 驱逐; 赶走; 开除: Following reports of drug-taking at a boarding-school, several senior boys have been expelled. 自从某寄宿学校传出有人吸毒之後, 高年级有几个男生已被开除. * Two attaches at the embassy were expelled from the country. 大使馆的两名随员已驱逐出境.  2 send or drive (sth) out by force 用力排出或驱出（某物）: expel smoke from the lungs 用力呼出肺里的烟 * a fan in the kitchen for expelling cooking smells 为排出烹调气味而安装于厨房中的电扇./ɪkˈspend; ɪk`spɛnd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/upon sth/doing sth) (fml 文)  1 spend, use (money, etc) in doing sth 花费, 使用（钱等）做某事: expend time, effort and money on a project 在一项目上花费时间、精力和金钱.  2 use (sth) up; exhaust 用光（某物）; 耗尽: expend all one's ammunition, stores, fuel 用尽所有的弹药、储备、燃料.adj (fml 文) that may be consumed, destroyed, etc to achieve a purpose 可消费的; 可消耗的; 可毁灭的: In the Great War soldiers were considered expendable. 在第一次世界大战中, 人们认为士兵是尽可牺牲的. * In these conservation-conscious times, areas of grassland are no longer expendable. 在人们意识到应当保护自然资源的这个时代, 草原已不容再受破坏了./ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r); ɪk`spɛndɪtʃɚ/ n  1 [U] action of spending or using 花费; 使用: the expenditure of money on weapons 购置武器的开支 * expenditure of energy on a project 在一项目上耗费的精力.  2 [C, U] amount (esp of money) spent （尤指金钱的）支出额: an expenditure of 500 on new furniture 购买新家具的500英镑开销 * Limit your expenditure(s) to what is essential. 你要把开销限制在必要的范围内. Cf 参看 receipt 3./ɪkˈspens; ɪk`spɛns/ n  1 (a) [U] spending of money etc; cost 花费; 代价: an expense of time, energy and cash 时间、精力、现金的花费 * He hired a plane, regardless of expense. 他不惜代价, 租了一架飞机. * Most children in Britain are educated at public expense. 英国大多数儿童靠公费受教育. (b) [C] cause of spending 花费的原因: An annual holiday is a big expense. 一年一度的假日是一笔大开销. * Running a car is a great expense. 一辆汽车的经常开支很大.  2 expenses [pl] money spent in doing a specific job, or for a specific purpose （做某工作或为某目的）花费的钱: travelling expenses 旅费 * House repairs, holidays and other expenses reduced her bank balance to almost nothing. 修房、度假和其他开销使她在银行的存款所剩无几. * Who's meeting the expenses of your trip? 谁为你支付旅费呢?  3 (idm 习语) at sb's expense (a) with sb paying 由某人付费: We were entertained at the editor's expense. 由编辑付钱招待我们. (b) at sb who has behaved foolishly, been tricked, etc 针对某人（因其举动愚蠢或受到捉弄等）: They had a good laugh (ie were very amused) at Sam's expense. 他们嘲弄萨姆而乐不可支. at great, little, no, etc ex`pense (to sb/oneself) with a lot of, little, no, etc money being spent (by sb/oneself) （某人[自己]）花费很大、花费很小、无花费等: We can redecorate the room at little expense, if we use this old paint. 我们要是用这种旧漆重新装饰这房间, 就不用花多少钱了. at the expense of sth with loss or damage to sth 在损失或损坏某事物的情况下: He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health. 他创建的企业很成功, 但这一切却损害了他的健康. (all) expenses `paid with an employer, etc paying for everything （由雇主等）已付费用的: [attrib 作定语] She's just returned from an all-expenses-paid trip to France. 她刚由法国回来, 旅途一切费用由雇主支付. go to/put sb to the expense of sth/doing sth spend/cause sb to spend money on sth 在某事物上花钱或使某人花钱: It's stupid to go to the expense of taking music lessons if you never practise. 花钱上音乐课而从不练习是很愚蠢的. * put sb to a lot of expense 使某人破费极大. no expense(s) `spared with no regard for the cost 不惜费用: I'm going to take you out to dinner, no expense spared. 我带你出去用餐, 花费多少都无所谓. spare no expense => spare.record of money spent by an employee in the course of his work (and later paid by his employer) 报销帐目（雇员工作上的开支记载, 事後由雇主偿付）: Whenever he buys petrol, he puts it on his expense account. 他每次买汽油都记在报销帐目上./ɪkˈspensɪv; ɪk`spɛnsɪv/ adj costing a lot (of money) 费用大的; 昂贵的: an expensive car 昂贵的汽车 * Houses are very expensive in this area. 这地区房价很高. * It's too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了, 我买不起.adv: an expensively dressed lady 穿着昂贵服装的女士./ɪkˈspɪərɪəns; ɪk`spɪrɪəns/ n  1 [U] (process of gaining) knowledge or skill acquired from seeing and doing things 经验; 体验: We all learn by experience. 我们都从经验中学习. * Does she have much experience of teaching? 她教学经验丰富吗? * He hasn't had enough work experience (ie experience of work) for the job. 他做这项工作尚无足够经验. * I know from experience that he'll arrive late. 据我的经验之谈, 他要迟到的.  2 [C] event or activity that affects one in some way; event or activity that has given one experience(1) 经历; 阅历; 感受; 体会: an unpleasant, a trying, an unusual, etc experience 令人不快的、难堪的、不寻常等的经历 * You must try some of her home-made wine  it's quite an experience! ie it's very unusual. 你一定要尝尝她自制的葡萄酒--一饱口福! * He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行时, 有许多有趣的经历.

v [Tn] have experience of (sth); feel 有（某事物）的经验; 经历; 感觉; 感受; 体验: experience pleasure, pain, difficulty, great hardships, etc 体验到愉快、痛苦、困难、苦难等 * The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待. * I don't think I've ever experienced real depression. 我认为我从未体验过真正的情绪低落. experienced adj having experience; having knowledge or skill as a result of experience 有经验的; 有阅历的; 有见识的; 熟练的: an experienced nurse 有经验的护士 * He's experienced in looking after children. 他有照料孩子的经验./ɪkˈsperɪmənt; ɪk`spɛrəmənt/ n [C, U] (esp scientific 尤用于科学) test or trial done carefully in order to study what happens and gain new knowledge 实验; 试验: perform/carry out/conduct an experiment 进行试验 * The researchers are repeating the experiment on rats. 研究人员用老鼠反覆做该试验. * prove a theory by experiment 通过试验证实一理论 * learn by experiment 通过试验学习 * (fig 比喻) The play was staged as an experiment. 这出剧已经试演.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sb/sth); ~ (with sth) make an experiment 进行实验; 进行试验: We experimented until we succeeded in mixing the right colour. 我们不断进行实验, 直至将所需颜色调配成功. * experiment upon animals 用动物做实验 * experiment with new methods 实验新方法./ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl; ɪkˌspɛrə`mɛntl/ adj of, used for, using or based on experiments 实验的; 用于实验的; 用实验的; 以实验为基础的: experimental methods 实验方法 * an experimental farm 实验农场 * an experimental physicist 实验物理学家 * experimental theatre 实验剧场 * The technique is still at the experimental stage. It hasn't been fully developed yet. 这项技术仍处于实验阶段, 尚未完全成熟. /-təlɪ; -tlɪ/ adv: We are using the substance experimentally at first. 我们现在先试验性地使用这种物质./ɪkˌsperɪmenˈteɪʃn; ɪkˌspɛrəmɛn`teʃən/ n [U] (fml 文) activity, process or practice of experimenting 实验; 试验: Many people object to experimentation on animals. 许多人反对用动物做实验. * [attrib 作定语] experimentation methods 实验方法./ˈekspɜːt; `ɛkspɝt/ n ~ (at/in/on sth/doing sth) person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular field 专家; 能手: an agricultural expert 农业专家 * an expert in psychology 心理学专家 * get the advice of the experts 向专家请教 * an expert at playing golf 打高尔夫球的能手 * an expert on ancient Greek vases 古希腊花瓶专家.

adj ~ (at/in/on sth/doing sth) done with, having, or involving great knowledge or skill 熟练的; 老练的; 需有专门知识或技术的: according to expert advice 根据专家的意见 * an expert rider 熟练的骑手 * an expert job 需有专门知识的工作 * He's expert at/in cooking good cheap meals. 他善于烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜. /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz; ˌɛkspɝ`tiz/ n [U] expert knowledge or skill, esp in a particular field 专门知识或技能（尤指在某一领域）: Customers will be impressed by the expertise of our highly trained employees. 我们的雇员专业性强、训练有素, 保证顾客满意. * We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes. 他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已.adv. n [U]: The expertness of her driving surprised him. 她驾驶技术熟练, 他感到很惊奇./ˈekspɪeɪt; `ɛkspɪˌet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) accept punishment for (wrong one has done) and do something to show one is sorry; make up for 为（所犯罪过）受罚及补偿; 赎（罪）; 抵偿: expiate one's sin/a crime/one's guilt 赎罪. /ˌekspɪˈeɪʃn; ˌɛkspɪ`eʃən/ n [U] (fml 文): large sums paid to the family in expiation of the wrongs done to them 为赎罪付给事主家人的巨额金钱./ˌekspɪˈreɪʃn; ˌɛkspə`reʃən/ n [U] (fml 文)  1 ending, esp of the period when a contract, etc is in force 终止, 届期, 期满, 满期（尤指合同等的有效期）: the expiration of the lease, tenancy, agreement, contract, etc 租约、租用、协议、合同等的期满.  2 (esp medical 尤用于医学) breathing out (of air) （空气的）呼出./ɪkˈspaɪə(r); ɪk`spaɪr/ v [I]  1 (of sth that lasts a period of time) come to an end; become no longer in use （指延续一段时间的某事物）结束, 不再使用, 期满, 终止: Our present lease on the flat expires next month. 我们这套公寓的租约下月到期. * When does your driving licence expire? 你的驾驶执照何时到期?  2 (esp medical 尤用于医学) breathe out (air) 呼出（气）.  3 (dated fml 旧, 文) die 死; 去世./ɪkˈspaɪərɪ; ɪk`spaɪrɪ/ n ~ (of sth) ending, esp of the period when a contract or agreement is in force 终止, 届期, 期满, 满期（尤指合同或协议的有效阶段）: the expiry of a driving licence, lease, credit card, contract, agreement, etc 驾驶执照、租约、信用卡、合同、协议等的期满 * [attrib 作定语] the expiry date 终止日期./ɪkˈspleɪn; ɪk`splen/ v  1 [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make sth plain or clear; give the meaning of sth 解释; 讲解; 说明; 阐明: A dictionary explains the meaning of words. 词典是解释词义的工具书. * He explained his plan in some detail. 他仔细地说明了自己的计划. * Could you explain why you left? 你能说说你为什么离开的吗? * Please explain this problem to me. 请把这个问题给我讲解一下.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give or be a reason for sth; account for sth 说明某事物的原因或理由; 为某事物辩解: That explains his absence. 那就是他缺席的原因. * He explained that his train had been delayed. 他解释说他乘坐的火车误点了. * They explained what had happened. 他们为所发生的事进行了辩解. * She explained her conduct to her boss. 她向老板说明了自己那种表现的原因. * She explained to the children that the school had been closed. 她向孩子们解释说学校已经关门了. * The manager has explained to customers why the goods were late. 经理已向顾客解释货物晚到的原因.  3 (idm 习语) ex`plain oneself (a) make one's meaning clear 把自己的意思解释清楚: I don't understand your argument. Could you explain yourself a bit more? 我不明白你的论点, 你能把意思再说清楚些吗? (b) give reasons for one's behaviour 为自己的行为作解释: In recent weeks you've been late every day. Please explain yourself. 近几个星期以来你每天都迟到. 请你说说原因.  4 (phr v) explain sth away give excuses why one should not be blamed for (a fault, mistake, etc) or why sth is not important 为（过失或错误等）辩解; 为某事物搪塞: You will find it difficult to explain away your use of such offensive language. 你使用这样无礼的语言是很难说得过去的. * He explained away his late arrival by blaming it on the crowded roads. 他辩称路上人多而把迟到一事推脱得一乾二净./ˌekspləˈneɪʃn; ˌɛksplə`neʃən/ n  1 [U] (process of) explaining 解释; 讲解; 说明; 阐述: He left the room without explanation. 他离开了房间而未加解释. * I should say a few words (by way) of explanation. 我应当说几句解释的话. * Had he anything to say in explanation of his behaviour? 他对自己的行为做过什么解释吗?  2 [C] statement, fact, circumstance, etc that explains sth 能说明某事物缘由的言语、事实、情况等: That's not an adequate explanation. 这并不足以说明问题. * a satisfactory explanation of the mystery 有关此奥秘的一种令人信服的解释 * His explanations are always difficult to believe. 他的说法总是很难令人相信./ɪkˈsplænətɔrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; ɪk`splænəˌtɔrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving, serving or intended as an explanation 解释的; 说明的: explanatory notes at the back of a book 书後的注释./ɪkˈspliːtɪv; <i>US</i> ˈeksplətɪv; `ɛksplɪtɪv/ n (fml 文) violent (often meaningless) exclamation said in anger, pain, etc; swear-word （愤怒、痛苦等时用的）叹词（常无意义）; 咒骂语: `Damn!' is an expletive. ｀该死!＇是咒骂语. * He uttered several vigorous expletives when he dropped the iron on his foot. 他的熨斗掉下砸在脚上, 他随口骂了几声./ɪkˈsplɪkəbl, also ˈeksplɪkəbl; `ɛksplɪkəbl,ɪk`splɪkəbl/ adj (fml 文) that can be explained 可解释的; 可说明的: His behaviour is explicable in the light of his recent illness. 他因近日患病, 这种表现是可以理解的. * Scientists had maintained that the crop failure was not explicable. 科学家认为作物歉收原因不明./ˈeksplɪkeɪt; `ɛksplɪˌket/ v [Tn] (fml 文) explain and analyse (esp an idea, a statement or a work of literature) in detail 详细解说并分析（尤指想法、说法或文学作品）: explicate one's moral values 详细阐述自己的道德标准./ɪkˈsplɪsɪt; ɪk`splɪsɪt/ adj  1 (a) (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed （指说法等）明确而详细的: He gave me explicit directions on how to get there. 他清清楚楚地告诉我怎样到达那里. * They gave explicit reasons for leaving. 他们明确地说出了离开的原因. (b) (of a person) saying sth clearly, exactly and openly （指人）（说得）明确的, 直率的, 开诚布公的: She was quite explicit about why she left. 她对自己离去的原因直言不讳.  2 with nothing hidden or implied 毫不隐瞒的; 毫不含蓄的: explicit sex scenes in the film 影片中露骨的性爱镜头. adv: She was explicitly forbidden to attend. 清楚表明不准她参加. n [U]./ɪkˈspləʊd; ɪk`splod/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) burst with a loud noise; blow up （使某物）爆炸; 炸开: When the boiler exploded many people were injured. 因锅炉爆炸, 许多人受了伤. * The firework exploded in his hand. 那个爆竹在他手里响了. * explode a bomb 使一颗炸弹爆炸. Cf 参看 implode.  2 [I, Ipr] (a) (of feelings) burst out suddenly （指感情）迸发: At last his anger exploded. 他终于大发雷霆. (b) ~ (with/in/into sth) (of people) show sudden violent emotion （指人）冲动, 激动: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 他勃然大怒、暴跳如雷、妒火中烧等. * She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来.  3 [I] (of a population, etc) increase suddenly or quickly （指人口等）突然或迅速增加: the exploding world population 激增的世界人口.  4 [Tn] destroy (a theory, an idea, etc) by showing it to be false 破除, 推翻（一理论、观念等）（揭示其谬误）: explode a superstition 破除迷信 * The myth that eating carrots improves your eyesight was exploded years ago. 认为吃胡萝卜可以改善视力的海外奇谈, 多年前已祛除殆尽.one showing the parts of a structure in their relative positions but slightly separated from each other 分解图./ˈeksplɔɪt; `ɛksplɔɪt/ n [C] brave or adventurous deed or action 英勇的或冒险的行为或事迹: The daring exploits of the parachutists were much admired. 跳伞者大胆的冒险动作令人赞叹不已. * (joc 谑) I'm not interested in hearing about Bill's amorous exploits. 我没兴 趣听比尔那些色胆包天的事. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt; ɪk`splɔɪt/ v [Tn]  1 use, work or develop fully (esp mines and other natural resources) 利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）: exploit oil reserves, water power, solar energy, etc 开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能.  2 use (sb/sth) selfishly and unfairly for one's own advantage or profit 剥削或利用（某人[某事物]）: child labour exploited in factories 在工厂中受剥削的童工 * exploit a situation for one's own advantage 趁着形势谋取私利 * They exploited her generosity shamelessly. 他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨.adj that can be exploited 可利用的; 可开发的; 可剥削的: few exploitable coal-mines 少量可开采的煤矿./ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn; ˌɛksplɔɪ`teʃən/ n [U] exploiting or being exploited 利用; 开发; 剥削: full exploitation of oil wells 充分利用油井资源 * the exploitation of child labour 对童工的剥削./ˌekspləˈreɪʃn; ˌɛksplə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] activity of exploring 勘探; 探测; 探索; 探究: the exploration of space 对宇宙空间的探索 * a voyage of exploration 探险航行 * detailed exploration of a subject 对一题目的详细探讨.  2 [C] instance of this 勘探; 探测; 探索; 探究: in the course of his explorations of the country 在他对该国进行探索的过程中 * an exploration of the subconscious mind 对潜意识的探索./ɪkˈsplɒrətrɪ; <i>US</i> -tɔːrɪ; ɪk`splɔrəˌtɔrɪ/ adj for the purpose of finding out sth 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的: exploratory medical tests 探索性的医学试验 * an exploratory expedition up the Amazon river 沿亚马孙河逆流而上的探险旅程./ɪkˈsplɔː(r); ɪk`splɔr/ v  1 [I, Tn] travel into or through (a place, esp a country) in order to learn about it 踏勘; 勘探; 探测; 在（一地方, 尤指一国家）探险, 考察: explore the Arctic regions 到北极地区探险 * Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent. 哥伦布发现了美洲, 但没有考察这块新大陆. * explore a castle 探察一城堡 * As soon as they arrived in the town they went out to explore. 他们一到这座城镇就出外查看周围环境.  2 [Tn] examine (sth) thoroughly in order to test or find out about it （为测试或了解）仔细检查（某事物）; 探索; 探究: explore one's conscience 良心省察 * We explored several solutions to the problem. 我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法./ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r); ɪk`splɔrɚ/ n person who explores 勘探者; 探测者; 探险者; 探索者; 探究者: Christopher Columbus was one of the great explorers. 克里斯托弗·哥伦布是伟大的探险家./ɪkˈspləʊʒn; ɪk`sploʒən/ n  1 (a) (loud noise caused by) sudden and violent bursting; exploding 爆裂（声）; 爆炸（声）: a bomb explosion 炸弹爆炸 * gas explosions 气体爆炸 * The explosion was heard a mile away. 那爆炸声一英里外都可听到. (b) sudden outburst (of anger, laughter, etc) （愤怒、笑声等的）迸发: an explosion of rage 大发雷霆.  2 great and sudden increase 激增: a population explosion 人口激增 * the explosion of oil prices 石油价格的急剧上涨./ɪkˈspləʊsɪv; ɪk`splosɪv/ adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]  1 likely or easily able to explode 爆炸性的; 易爆炸的: an explosive mixture of chemicals 爆炸性化学混合物 * explosive materials 爆炸材料 * Hydrogen is highly explosive. 氢极易爆炸.  2 that arouses strong feelings or leads to violent outbursts 使人冲动的; 导致猛烈爆发的: an explosive situation, issue 一触即发的形势、极易引起争端的问题 * Politics can be an explosive subject. 政治问题容易引起激烈的争论. * an explosive temper 暴躁的脾气.

n [C] substance that is likely or able to explode 爆炸物; 炸药: Dynamite is an explosive. 炸药是爆炸物. * The bomb was packed with high explosive, ie a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药.adv./ɪkˈspəʊnənt; ɪk`sponənt/ n  1 person or thing that explains and supports a theory, belief, cause, etc （理论、信仰、事业等的）倡导者, 拥护者: an exponent of free trade 自由贸易的拥护者 * Huxley was an exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution. 赫胥黎是达尔文进化论的鼓吹者.  2 person able to perform skilfully a particular activity （某种活动的）能手: the most famous exponent of mime 最着名的哑剧表演大师 * She's a practised exponent of the sport of water-skiing. 她是滑水运动健将.  3 (mathematics 数) figure or symbol that shows how many times a quantity must be multiplied by itself 指数; 幂: In a3, the figure 3 is the exponent. a3中的3是指数. * In xn, the symbol n is the exponent. xn中的n是指数./ˌekspəʊˈnenʃl; ˌɛkspo`nɛnʃəl/ adj (mathematics 数)  1 of or indicated by an exponent(3) 指数的; 幂的: 24 is an exponential expression. 24是一个指数式.  2 produced or indicated by multiplying a set of numbers by themselves 由指数产生或表示的: an exponential function 指数函数 * (fig 比喻) exponential (ie more and more rapid) growth 越来越快的增长 * an exponential curve, eg on a graph indicating population increase 指数曲线（如人口增长示意图上的）. /-ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ/ adv: increase exponentially. 按指数增长./ˈekspɔːt; `ɛkspɔrt/ n  1 [U] (business or action of) exporting 输出, 出口（的业务或活动）: a ban on the export of gold 禁止黄金出口 * [attrib 作定语] an `export licence 出口许可证 * the `export trade 出口贸易 * `export duties, ie tax paid on exported goods 出口税.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing exported 出口物; 输出物: Last year's exports exceeded imports in value. 去年的出口价值超过进口. * What are the chief exports of Botswana? 博茨瓦纳的主要输出品是什么? Cf 参看 import2.

/ɪkˈspɔːt; ɪks`pɔrt/ v [I, Tn] send (goods) to another country for sale 输出; 出口: This company has a large home market (ie many buyers within the country) but doesn't export. 这家公司国内市场很大, 不做出口生意. * India exports tea and cotton to many different countries. 印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花. Cf 参看 import1./ˌekspɔːˈteɪʃn; ˌɛkspɔr`teʃən/ n [U] exporting of goods 输出; 出口: articles for exportation abroad 销往国外的物品 * He manufactures paper for exportation only. 他的工厂生产的纸张仅供出口.n person, company or country that exports goods 出口商; 出口公司; 出口国: Argentina is a big exporter of beef products. 阿根廷是牛肉制品的一大出口国. * He is a successful exporter of diamonds. 他是事业有成的钻石出口商./ɪkˈspəʊz; ɪk`spoz/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) uncover or make (sth) visible; display 显露或露出（某事物）; 显示: When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth. 他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙. (b) ~ sth/sb/oneself (to sth) uncover or leave sb/sth/oneself uncovered or unprotected 显露或暴露某人[某事物/自己]; 处于无遮蔽或不受保护的状态: The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock. 泥土被洪水冲走, 露出光秃秃的岩石. * expose soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危险 * expose one's skin to the sun 使皮肤暴露于阳光下 * The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 婴儿被离弃于风雨之中. * (fig 比喻) expose oneself to criticism, ridicule, mockery, etc 遭受批评、嘲笑、嘲弄等.  2 [Tn] (a) make known (sth secret); reveal 揭露（秘密）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破; 显露: expose a plot, project, plan, etc 揭露阴谋、方案、计划等 * That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject. 他说了那句不妥的话, 暴露了自己对此事的无知. (b) make known (the guilt or wrongdoing) of ( a secretly guilty person) 揭露（某人）的（不为人知的罪恶或过错）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破: expose crime, scandal, injustice, fraud, etc 揭露罪行、丑闻、冤假错案、骗局等 * expose a criminal, an impostor, a culprit, etc 揭露罪犯、冒名顶替者、犯错误的人等.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (in photography) allow light to reach (film, etc) （摄影）使（软片等）曝光: expose a reel of film 使一卷软片曝光.  4 [Tn] ~ oneself indecently show one's sexual organs in public 猥亵性公开裸露自己的性器官: An old man was arrested for exposing himself to young children. 有个老头向儿童裸露性器官而遭逮捕.

/ekˈspəʊzeɪ; <i>US</i> ˌekspəˈzeɪ; ˌɛkspə`ze/ n  1 short statement of a number of facts or beliefs （对事实或主张的）简短的陈述.  2 account of the facts of a situation, esp when these are shocking or have been kept deliberately secret 叙述, 报道（尤指令人震惊的或曾故意保密的）: The newspaper published an expose of the film star's past life. 报纸发表了该影星的逸闻. * an expose of corruption within the government 揭露政府内部腐败情况的报道.adj (of a place) not sheltered (from wind, weather, etc) （指地方）无遮蔽的; 不遮挡风雨的: The cottage is in a very exposed position at the top of the hill. 那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处./ˌekspəˈzɪʃn; ˌɛkspə`zɪʃən/ n (fml 文)  1 (a) [U] explaining or making clear by giving details 解释; 说明. (b) [C] instance of this; explanation of a theory, plan, etc 解释; 说明; 解说; （理论、计划等的）讲解: an exposition of the advantages of nuclear power 对核动力优越性的阐释.  2 [C] exhibition of goods, etc （货物等的）展出; 展览会; 博览会: an industrial exposition 工业博览会./ɪkˈspɒstʃʊleɪt; ɪk`spɑstʃəˌlet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) (fml 文) make a protest (to sb); reason or argue (with sb), esp to persuade him not to do sth （向某人）提抗议; （与某人）讲道理或争论; （尤指）规劝, 劝戒: They expostulated with him about the risks involved in his plan. 他们指出他的计划有风险, 劝他放弃./ɪkˌspɒstʃʊˈleɪʃn; ɪkˌspɑstʃə`leʃən/ n [U, C] (making a) protest; reasoned persuasion, etc 抗议; 规劝; 劝戒: My expostulation(s) had no effect. 我提出的劝告毫无作用./ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r); ɪk`spoʒɚ/ n  1 [U] action of exposing or state of being exposed 显露; 暴露; 揭露; 揭发; 曝光: Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 身体受烈日曝晒会造成损伤. * The baby died of exposure, ie as a result of being exposed to the weather. 那婴儿因曝露于室外而夭折. * the exposure of his ignorance 他的无知的暴露 * The exposure of the plot against the President probably saved his life. 揭发了反总统的阴谋可能救了他一命. * the exposure of photographic film to light 摄影软片的曝光.  2 [C] instance of exposing or being exposed (expose 2b) 揭露; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破: As a result of these exposures (ie facts being made known to the public) several ministers resigned from the government. 这些问题揭发後, 有几个大臣辞职了.  3 action of exposing a film etc to the light （软片等的）曝光 * An exposure of one-hundredth of a second will be enough, ie Exposing the film for that length of time will make a good picture. 曝光百分之一秒就够了. * How many exposures have you got left? ie How many pictures remain on the camera film? 还剩下多少张底片没照?  4 [U] publicity (on television, innewspapers, etc) （电视、报纸等上的）宣传: Her new filmhas had a lot of exposure on television recently. 她的新影片最近在电视上做了大量宣传.device to measure illumination and to indicate how long a film should be exposed to light 曝光表./ɪkˈspaʊnd; ɪk`spaᴜnd/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) explain or make sth clear by giving details 详加解释或详述某事物: expound a theory 详细解释一理论 * He expounded his views on education to me at great length. 他向我详细讲述了他的教育观点./ɪkˈspres; ɪk`sprɛs/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 going, sent or delivered quickly （进行、传递或运送）迅速的: express delivery 快递 * an express letter 快信 * an express messenger 传送快件的信差.  2 clearly and definitely stated; explicit 清楚的; 明确的: It was his express wish that you have his gold watch after he died. 他的愿望很明确, 死後把金表留给你.

adv by express delivery; by express train 用快邮递送; 乘快车: The parcel was sent express. 这包裹是用快邮寄的. * travel express 乘快车旅行.

/ɪkˈspres; ɪk`sprɛs/ n  1 [C] (also express train) fast train that stops at few stations 快车: the 8.00 am express to Edinburgh 早上8点开往爱丁堡的快车.  2 [C] (US) company that delivers goods quickly 捷运公司.  3 [U] service provided by the post office, railways, road services, etc for carrying goods quickly （邮局、铁路、公路等部门提供的）快邮, 速递, 速运: send goods by express 特快货运.

/ɪkˈspres; ɪk`sprɛs/ v  1 [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) show or make known (a feeling, an opinion, etc) by words, looks, actions, etc （用语言、神色、动作等）表示或表达（感情、意见等）: The guests expressed their thanks before leaving. 客人们临走前表示了谢意. * His actions express his love more than any words could do. 他用行动表示的爱胜过任何言语. * He could not express his feelings of sadness to his mother. 他不能向母亲表露出内心的悲痛. * I can't express to you how grateful I am for your help. 你对我的帮助, 我感激不尽.  2 [Tn] ~ oneself speak or write (clearly) what one thinks, feels, etc （清楚地）表达自己的意思: Learning to express oneself well is an important part of education. 学会把意思表达清楚是受教育的一个重要方面. * He is still unable to express himself in English. 他仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from/out of sth) (fml 文) press or squeeze out (esp juices or oil) 压出或榨出（尤指汁液或油）: juice expressed from grapes 自葡萄榨出的汁 * milk expressed from a mother's breast 从母亲乳房里挤出的乳汁.  4 [Tn] (Brit) send (a letter, parcel, etc) fast by special delivery 用快邮寄出（信、邮包等）./ɪkˈspreʃn; ɪk`sprɛʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] action or process of expressing (express3 1) 表示; 表达: She gave expression to her sadness, ie said or showed how sad she was. 她流露出了悲伤之情. * The school encourages free expression in art, drama and creative writing. 学校鼓励师生在艺术、戏剧和文学创作上自由发挥. * The scenery was beautiful beyond expression, ie too beautiful to describe. 那景色妙不可言. * The poet's anger finds expression (ie a means of expressing itself) in the last line of the poem. 诗人在诗中最後一行把愤怒宣泄出来. (b) [C] (fml 文) instance or example of this 表示; 表达: expressions of welcome to the queen 对女王欢迎的表示 * They greeted the president with many expressions of pleasure. 他们兴高采烈地欢迎总统.  2 [C] look on a person's face that shows a mood or feeling 神色; 表情: a happy expression 愉快的神情 * `I don't understand,' he said, with an expression of complete surprise (on his face). ｀我不明白,＇他说时（脸上）显出惊讶的神色.  3 [U] showing feeling for the meaning when playing music or speaking （演奏乐曲或说话时流露出的）感情: recite a poem with expression 带感情地朗读诗歌 * She puts great expression into her violin playing. 她的小提琴演奏感情充沛.  4 [C] word or phrase 词; 词语: `Shut up' (meaning `Stop talking') is not a polite expression. ｀闭嘴＇（意为｀别说话＇）不是礼貌用语. * slang expressions 俚语.  5 [C] (mathematics 数) group of symbols expressing a quantity 式; 表达式: 3xy2 is a mathematical expression. 3xy2是数学式./ɪkˈspreʃənɪzəm; ɪk`sprɛʃənˌɪzəm/ n [U] style of painting, music, drama, film, etc which tries to express the artist's or writer's emotional experience rather than to show the physical world in a realistic way 表现主义. /-ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ adj, n: of the expressionist school 表现主义流派的 * an expressionist film 表现主义流派的影片 * He's an expressionist. 他是表现主义者.adj not showing feelings, thoughts, etc （对感情、思想等）不流露的; 没有表情的; 呆板的: an expressionless face, voice, tone, etc 呆板的面孔、冷冰冰的声音、平淡的声调等 * His recitation was almost expressionless. 他的朗诵几乎毫无感情./ɪkˈspresɪv; ɪk`sprɛsɪv/ adj  1 showing one's feelings or thoughts 表现感情或思想的; 富有表情的: an expressive face, gesture 富有表情的脸、姿势 * an expressive piece of music 抒情的乐曲.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) expressing sth 表示或表达某事物: a cry expressive of pain 表示痛苦的呼叫 * a look expressive of despair 表示绝望的神情. adv: He reads his poems very expressively. 他朗诵自己的诗感情充沛. n [U].adv  1 clearly; definitely 清楚地; 明确地: You were expressly told not to touch my papers. 已经明确地告诉过你不要动我的文件.  2 with a special purpose 特地; 专门: a dictionary expressly compiled for foreign students of English 专为学习英语的外国学生编纂的词典.n (US) = motorway: a major accident on the expressway 高速公路上的严重车祸. =>Usage at road 用法见road./eksˈprəʊprɪeɪt; ɛks`proprɪˌet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml or law 文或律)  1 ~ sth (from sb) (a) take away (property, etc) for public use without payment to the owner 徵用, 没收（财产等）: The new government expropriated his estate for military purposes. 新政府将他的地产徵作军用. (b) ~ sb (of sth) dispossess sb in this way （以徵用或没收的方式）剥夺某人的（财产等的）所有权: She was expropriated (of her land). 她的（土地的）所有权已遭剥夺.  2 ~ sth (from sb/sth) take away (property, money, etc) illegally from the owners for one's own use （非法从物主处）取走（财物等）据为己有: He expropriated the jewels from the bank's safe. 他非法将他人的珠宝从银行保险箱中取走. /ˌeksˌprəʊprɪˈeɪʃn; ɛksˌproprɪ`eʃən/ n [U, C]./ɪkˈspʌlʃn; ɪk`spʌlʃən/ n ~ (from...)  1 [U] action of expelling or being expelled 驱逐; 开除: Expulsion from school is a harsh form of punishment. 开除学籍是严厉的惩罚. * [attrib 作定语] an expulsion order, ie an official order expelling a person from a country 驱逐出境令.  2 [C] instance of this 驱逐; 开除: There have been three expulsions from the school this year. 今年学校已开除了三名学生./ɪkˈspʌndʒ; ɪk`spʌndʒ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) remove or wipe out (words, names, etc) from a list, book, etc （从名单、书等上）除去、删除或擦掉（词语、名字等）: Her name was expunged from the list. 她的名字已从名册上除掉. * (fig 比喻) He could not expunge the incident from his memory. 他无法忘掉这件事./ˈekspəgeɪt; `ɛkspɚˌˇet/ v [Tn] remove (what are considered to be) improper or objectionable parts from (a book, etc) 从（书等中）删除（被认为）不当或令人反感的部分: an expurgated edition of a novel 一部小说的洁本. /ˌekspəˈgeɪʃn;ˌɛkspɚ`ˇeʃən/ n [C, U]./ˈekskwɪzɪt, also ɪkˈskwɪzɪt; `ɛkskwɪzɪt, ɪk`skwɪ-zɪt/ adj  1 extremely beautiful or delicate; finely or skilfully made or done 优美的; 优雅的; 精致的; 制作精良的: (an) exquisite painting 极漂亮的画 * exquisite workmanship 精致的工艺 * an exquisite piece of lace 精美的花边.  2 (fml 文) (a) (of emotion) strongly felt; acute （指感情）感觉强烈的; 剧烈的: exquisite joy, happiness, etc 极大的愉快、幸福等 * exquisite pain, agony, etc 剧烈的疼痛、痛苦等. (b) (of power to feel) delicate; sensitive （指感觉、感受）敏锐的, 敏感的: exquisite taste 高尚的趣味 * exquisite sensibility 细腻的感情. adv. n [U].abbr 缩写 =  1 exterior; external. Cf 参看 int 1.  2 extension (number) (eg of a telephone) 电话分机（号码）: ext 4299 分机号码4299./ekˈstænt; <i>US</i> ˈekstənt; `ɛkstənt/ adj (esp of documents, etc) still in existence （尤指文件等）仍然存在的, 现存的: the earliest extant manuscript of this poem 此诗现存最早的原稿 * an ancient but extant law 一古老的但仍然有效的法律./ekˌstempəˈreɪnɪəs; ɛkˌstɛmpə`renɪəs/ adj (fml 文) spoken or done without preparation; extempore 即席的; 无准备的. adv./ekˈstempərɪ; ɪk`stɛmpərɪ/ adj, adv (spoken or done) without previous thought or preparation; impromptu 无准备的; 即席的: an extempore speech 即席讲话 * speak extempore, ie without notes 即席发言.=> extemporization=> extemporize/ɪkˌstempəraɪ-ˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -rɪˈz; ɪkˌstɛmpərə`zeʃən/ n [U, C]./ɪkˈstempəraɪz; ɪk`stɛmpəˌraɪz/ v [I] (fml 文) speak or perform extempore 即席讲话; 即兴表演: He had to extemporize because he had forgotten to bring his notes. 他因为忘了带讲稿, 只好即席发言. /ɪkˈstend; ɪk`stɛnd/ v  1 [Tn] make (sth) longer or larger (in space or time) 使（某物）（在空间或时间上）更大, 更长, 伸长, 延长, 延展: extend a fence, wall, railway, garden 扩建篱笆、墙、铁路、花园 * extend credit, ie prolong the time for payment of a debt 延长信用期限 * Can you extend your visit a few days longer? 你能多停留几天吗?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] lay or stretch out (the body or a limb) at full length 伸展, 舒展（肢体）: The gymnast extended her arms horizontally. 那女子体操运动员双臂平伸. * The bird extended its wings in flight. 那鸟展翅飞翔. * He extended his hand to (ie offered to shake hands with) the new employee. 他主动与新雇员握手.  3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) offer or give sth 提供或给予某事物: They extended the Queen a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎女王. * extend hospitality, an invitation, a greeting to sb 款待、邀请、问候某人 * They extended a warm welcome to her. 他们向她表示热烈欢迎.  4 [In/pr] (of space, land, time, etc) reach or stretch; be continuous （指空间、土地、时间等）达到, 伸展, 伸延: The road extends for miles and miles. 这条路向远处绵延伸展. * My garden extends as far as the river. 我的花园一直伸展到河边.  5 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to reach or stretch 使（某物）达到或伸展: extend the ladder 将梯子伸长 * extend a cable between two posts 在两根柱子间拉一条缆绳.  6 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] use or stretch the abilities or powers of (oneself, a person or an animal) to the greatest possible degree 使（自己、某人或某动物）竭尽全力: Jim didn't really have to extend himself in the examination. 吉姆这次考试大可不必那么拼命. * The horse was fully extended by the long ride up the mountain. 那匹马长途爬山已用尽力气了.family structure (as in parts of Africa) where uncles, aunts and cousins are regarded as close relatives, with an obligation to help and support each other 大家庭（数代同堂的家庭）./ɪkˈstenʃn; ɪk`stɛnʃən/ n  1 [U] process or action of extending (extend 1,2,3); state of being extended 伸长; 延长; 延展; 伸展; 提供; 给予: The extension of the garden will take several weeks. 扩建花园需要几个星期. * the extension of scientific knowledge 科学知识的普及 * the extension of a warm welcome 给予热烈的欢迎.  2 [C] (a) ~ (to sth) added part; addition; enlargement 增加的部分; 增加; 扩大: build an extension to a hospital 扩建一医院 * Our extension is nearly finished. 我们的扩建部分已接近完工. (b) ~ (of sth) additional period of time 增加的一段时间; 延长期: an extension of one's summer holidays 暑假的延长 * get an extension (of time), eg for paying a debt 获得延期（如偿债的宽限期） * He's got an extension to finish writing his thesis. 他获准延期交论文.  3 [C] telephone line leading from the main phone or switchboard to another room or office in a (large) building; its number 电话分机; 分机号码: There are telephone extensions in every office. 每间办公室都有电话分机. * She has an extension in the kitchen and in the bedroom. 她的厨房和卧室都有电话分机. * `Extension 326, please.' ｀请接326号分机.＇  4 [U] (medical or fml 医或文) (a) action of stretching out a limb or finger （四肢或手指的）伸展: Extension of the injured arm was painful. 把受伤的胳膊伸展开是很疼的. (b) its position when stretched out 伸展开的姿势: The leg is now at full extension. 现在腿已伸直./ɪkˈstensɪv; ɪk`stɛnsɪv/ adj  1 large in area; extending far 广大的; 广阔的: an extensive view 广阔的视野 * extensive farming 粗放的耕作 * the extensive grounds of a country house 农舍的宽敞庭院.  2 large in amount; wide-ranging 大量的; 广泛的: extensive alterations to a building 对一建筑物大规模的改建 * Her knowledge of the subject is extensive. 她这方面的学识很渊博. adv: He has travelled extensively in Europe. 他遍游欧洲各地. n [U] (fml 文): The extensiveness of his knowledge surprised them. 他知识广博使他们很惊奇./ɪkˈstent; ɪk`stɛnt/ n  1 [U] length; area; range 长度; 面积; 范围: From the roof we could see the full extent of the park. 我们从屋顶可以一览公园的全景. * I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge. 我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇. * The new race track is nearly six miles in extent. 这条新跑道将近六英里长.  2 (idm 习语) to some, what, such an, a certain, etc extent to the degree specified 达到某程度: To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上你是正确的. * To what extent can he be believed? 可以相信他到什么程度? * The carpet was badly stained, to such an extent that (ie so much that) you couldn't tell its original colour. 这块地毯已经脏得辨认不出原来的颜色了. * I agree with you to a certain extent, but... 我在一定程度上同意你的意见, 但... * He's in debt to the extent of 200. 他负债达200英镑./ɪkˈstenjʊeɪt; ɪk`stɛnjᴜˌet/ v [Tn] (fml esp law 文, 尤用于法律) make (wrongdoing) less serious (by providing an excuse) （提出藉口或理由）使（罪过）的严重性减轻: Nothing can extenuate such appalling behaviour. 这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕. * Because of extenuating circumstances (ie facts taken into consideration that might be regarded as an excuse), the court acquitted him of the crime. 因考虑到情有可原, 法庭判他无罪./ɪkˌstenjʊˈeɪʃn; ɪkˌstɛnjᴜ`eʃən/ n (fml 文) [U] action of extenuating; being extenuated 减轻罪责: He pleaded poverty in extenuation of (ie as an excuse for) the theft. 他以贫穷为藉口请求为他犯的偷窃罪从轻量刑./ɪkˈstɪərɪə(r); ɪk`stɪrɪɚ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] on or coming from the outside; outer 外部的; 外来的; 外出的; 外面的; 外表的; 外界的: paint the exterior walls of a house 给房子的外墙刷油漆 * exterior features of a building 建筑物的外观. Cf 参看 interior.

n  1 [sing] outward appearance or surface; outside 外貌; 外表; 外面; 外部: The exterior of the building is very unattractive. 这建筑物的外观很不起眼. * a gentle man with a rough exterior 外貌粗拙而性情温和的男子.  2 [C] scene set outside in a painting or play （绘画或戏剧的）外景./ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt; ɪk`stɝməˌnet/ v [Tn] destroy completely (a race or group of people or animals); wipe out 彻底毁灭（一种族、一群人或动物）; 消灭; 根除; 灭绝: exterminate all the inhabitants of the village 灭绝村中所有的生灵 * exterminate rats to prevent the spread of disease 为防止疾病传播而灭鼠./ɪkˌstɜːmɪˈneɪʃn; ɪksˌtɝmə`neʃən/ n [U]./ɪkˈstɜːnl; ɪk`stɝnl/ adj  1 (of or for the) outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body) 外面的; 为外面的; 位于某物（尤指身体）外表的: for external use only, eg on a label on a skin cream 仅供外用（如皮肤膏的标记） * All his injuries are external, ie He hasn't been injured inside the body. 他受的伤都是外伤.  2 coming from outside (a place, sb's mind, etc) 来自（某地、某人思想意识等）外部的: a tribe hardly affected by external influences 几乎没受过外来影响的部落 * This news programme only covers external events, ie foreignnews. 这一新闻节目只报道国外消息. Cf 参看 internal.

n  1 [C] (infml 口) = external examiner.  2 externals [pl] (fml 文) outward features or appearances 外观; 外貌: Do not judge people by externals alone. 不能仅以貌取人. * the externals of religion, ie acts and ceremonies (contrasted with inner and spiritual aspects) 宗教的外在形式（宗教行为和仪式, 区别于内在的和精神的方面）.evidence obtained from independent sources, not from what is being examined 外证.examination arranged by authorities outside the school, college, etc of the person(s) taking the examination 校外考试（由校外专家前来主持的考试）.person who conducts an external examination 校外主考人.=> externalize/-nəlaɪz; -nlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) external 使（某事物）表面化: externalize one's thoughts, emotions, etc 使思想、感情等表露出来./ɪkˈstɜːnəlɪ; ɪk`stɝnlɪ/ adv./ɪkˈstɪŋkt; ɪk`stɪŋkt/ adj  1 (esp of a type of animal, etc) no longer in existence （尤指某种动物等）不再存在的; 绝种的; 灭绝的: an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 * If we continue to destroy the countryside many more animals will become extinct. 我们若继续破坏自然环境, 将会有更多的动物绝种.  2 (a) (of a volcano) no longer active （指火山）不再活跃的, 熄灭的, 死的. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) (of feelings, beliefs, etc) dead （指感情、信仰等）消逝的, 破灭的: Nothing could rekindle her extinct passion. 她激情已逝, 无从心回意转./ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn; ɪk`stɪŋkʃən/ n [U]  1 action of making extinct; state of being extinct 灭绝; 绝种: We may live to see the extinction of the whale. 人类或许能亲眼见到鲸的灭绝. * a tribe threatened by/with extinction 受到绝种威胁的部落.  2 (fml 文) act of extinguishing 熄灭: the extinction of a fire, a political movement, youthful hopes 火的熄灭、政治运动的平息、青年人希望的幻灭./ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ; ɪk`stɪŋˇwɪʃ/ v [Tn]  1 (a) cause (sth) to stop burning; put out 使（某物）熄灭; 扑灭: Please extinguish your cigarettes. 请将香烟熄灭. * They tried to extinguish the flames. 他们竭力要把火焰扑灭. (b) (fig fml 比喻, 文) end the existence of (hope, love, passion, etc) 使（希望、爱情、激情等）不复存在: His behaviour extinguished the last traces of affection she had for him. 他的这种行为使她对他的最後一丝爱慕之情荡然无存.  2 clear or pay off (a debt) 清偿（债务）.> extinguisher = fire extinguisher (fire)./ˈekstəpeɪt; `ɛkstɚˌpet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) remove or destroy (sth) completely 根除或铲除（某事物）: extirpate social evils 根除社会弊端 *extirpate dissent, opposition, etc 清除异端、对立面等. /ˌekstəˈpeɪʃn; ˌɛkstɚ`peʃən/ n [U]./ɪkˈstəʊl; ɪk`stol/ v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (as sth) (fml 文) praise (sb/sth) highly 赞颂, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: extol the merits of small businesses 赞扬小企业的优点 * extol sb's virtues to the skies, ie greatly 把某人的美德捧上天 * extol sb as a hero 把某人当作英雄来歌颂./ɪkˈstɔːt; ɪk`stɔrt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) obtain sth by violence, threats, etc 强夺; 强抢; 勒索; 敲诈: extort money from sb 勒索某人的金钱 * The police used torture to extort a confession from him. 警方对他严刑逼供./ɪkˈstɔːʃən; ɪk`stɔrʃən/ n  1 [U] action of extorting 强夺; 强抢; 勒索; 敲诈: obtain money by extortion 勒索金钱.  2 [C] instance of this 强夺; 强抢;勒索; 敲诈. /ɪkˈstɔːʃənət; ɪk`stɔrʃənɪt/ adj (derog 贬) (of demands, prices) much too great or high; excessive （指要求、价格）过大的, 过高的, 过多的, 过分的: The prices in this shop are extortionate. 这家商店价格过高. * They are asking an extortionate amount of money for their house. 他们的房子要价太高. adv: They charged me extortionately for a simple job. 他们为一件简单的工作敲我竹杠./-ʃənə(r); -ʃənɚ/, extortionist /-FEnIst; -FEnIst/ ns person who extorts 强夺者; 强抢者; 勒索者; 敲诈者: [attrib 作定语] extortionist methods 敲诈勒索的手段./ˈekstrə; `ɛkstrə/ adj more than or beyond what is usual, expected or necessary; additional 额外的; 外加的; 附加的: extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 * buy an extra pint of milk 再买一品脱牛奶 * The bus company provided extra buses because there were so many people. 因为人太多, 公共汽车公司派出了加车. * The football match went into extra time, eg because of injury to players or a drawn score. 这场足球赛进入加时赛（如因运动员受伤或因比分持平）.

adv  1 more than usually 超过一般地; 特别地; 格外; 分外: an extra strong box 加固的箱子 * extra fine quality 特别好的质量.  2 in addition 额外; 外加; 除外: 20% extra  外加20% * price 1.30, packing and postage extra 价格1.30英镑, 包装和邮费另计.

n  1 extra thing; thing that costs extra 额外的事物; 另外收费的事物: Her school fees are 440 a term; music and dancing are extras. 她的学费是每学期440英镑, 音乐和舞蹈课另外收费.  2 (in cinema, TV, etc) person employed and paid (usu by the day) for a minor part, eg in a crowd scene （电影、电视等的）临时演员（如扮演群众者）: We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes. 我们拍战斗场面需要上百的临时演员.  3 (in cricket) run scored otherwise than from a hit by the bat （板球的）额外得分（非击球所得的分）.  4 special edition of a newspaper containing special or later news （报纸的）号外: a late night extra 晚间号外.

/ˈekstrə; `ɛkstrə/ adj more than or beyond what is usual, expected or necessary; additional 额外的; 外加的; 附加的: extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 * buy an extra pint of milk 再买一品脱牛奶 * The bus company provided extra buses because there were so many people. 因为人太多, 公共汽车公司派出了加车. * The football match went into extra time, eg because of injury to players or a drawn score. 这场足球赛进入加时赛（如因运动员受伤或因比分持平）.

adv  1 more than usually 超过一般地; 特别地; 格外; 分外: an extra strong box 加固的箱子 * extra fine quality 特别好的质量.  2 in addition 额外; 外加; 除外: 20% extra  外加20% * price 1.30, packing and postage extra 价格1.30英镑, 包装和邮费另计.

n  1 extra thing; thing that costs extra 额外的事物; 另外收费的事物: Her school fees are 440 a term; music and dancing are extras. 她的学费是每学期440英镑, 音乐和舞蹈课另外收费.  2 (in cinema, TV, etc) person employed and paid (usu by the day) for a minor part, eg in a crowd scene （电影、电视等的）临时演员（如扮演群众者）: We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes. 我们拍战斗场面需要上百的临时演员.  3 (in cricket) run scored otherwise than from a hit by the bat （板球的）额外得分（非击球所得的分）.  4 special edition of a newspaper containing special or later news （报纸的）号外: a late night extra 晚间号外.pref 前缀 (with adjs 与形容词连用)  1 outside; beyond 在...之外; 越出; 超出: extramarital * extrasensory.  2 very; to an exceptional degree 非常; 格外: extra-thin * extra-sensitive./ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələ(r); ˌɛkstrəkə`rɪkjəlɚ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] outside the regular course of work or studies at a school or college 课外的: She's involved in many extra-curricular activities, such as music, sport and drama. 她参加了许多课外活动, 如音乐、运动、戏剧./ˌekstrəˈmærɪtl; ˌɛkstrə`mærətl/ adj of (a married person's) sexual relationships outside marriage 婚外的: have extra-marital relations with sb 与某人有婚外的性关系 * extra-marital affairs 婚外的风流韵事./ˌekstrəˌsensərɪ pəˈsepʃn; ˌɛkstrə ˌsɛnsərɪ pɚ`sɛpʃən/ (abbr 缩写 ESP) (supposed) ability to perceive outside, past or future events without the use of the known senses 超感官知觉; 超感觉力: He seems to know when his wife is away from home by some kind of extra-sensory perception. 他凭某种超感觉力似乎知道妻子何时不在家./ɪkˈstrækt; ɪk`strækt/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth)  1 (a) take or get sth out, usu with effort or by force 取出; 拔出: extract a cork from a bottle 拔出瓶塞 * have a tooth extracted 拔牙. (b) obtain (money, information, etc) usu from a person unwilling to give it 获取（钱、消息等）（通常指获自不愿给予者）; 强索: extract a contribution from everyone 硬要大家捐献 * The police finally extracted the information after hours of questioning. 警方经数小时盘问, 终于套得这一情报. * It took me days to extract the truth from her. 我用了几天时间才从她那儿打探出事实真相.  2 obtain (juices, etc) by crushing, pressing, etc 压出, 榨出（汁液等）: extract juice from oranges 榨出橙子汁 * extract oil from olives, sunflower seeds, etc 榨出橄榄、葵花籽等的油.  3 select and present (passages, examples, words, etc) from a book, speech, etc 从书、讲话等中选取（段落, 例子, 词句等）; 摘录; 选录: poems extracted from a modern collection 由一本当代诗集中摘选的诗篇 * She extracted passages for the students to translate. 她选了些短文让学生翻译.

/ˈekstrækt; `ɛkstrækt/ n  1 [U, C] substance that has been extracted (extract 2) and concentrated 榨出物; 浓缩物; 精; 汁: beef extract 浓缩的牛肉汁 * extract of malt 麦芽精 * yeast extract, ie a savoury spread 酵母萃.  2 [C] passage selected (from a poem, book, film, piece of music, etc) （从诗歌、书、电影、乐曲等）精选的段落; 摘录; 选录; 选曲: a short extract from a piano sonata 钢琴奏鸣曲的选曲 * an extract from a long poem 长诗选萃 * She read out extracts from his letters. 她从他的信中挑了几段念出./ɪkˈstrækʃn; ɪk`strækʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] action of extracting (extract 1a) 取出; 拔出; 强索: the extraction of a tooth 拔牙 * the extraction of financial contributions 硬性摊派捐款 * the extraction of information 打探消息 * [attrib 作定语] an extraction process at a diamond mine 钻石矿的开采过程. (b) [C] instance of extracting a tooth 拔牙: He needs two extractions. 他需要拔掉两颗牙齿.  2 [U] (fml 文) descent; parentage 血统; 出身; 家世: an American of Hungarian extraction 匈牙利血统的美国人./ɪkˈstræktə(r); ɪk`stræktɚ/ n person or device that extracts (extract 2) （压榨汁液等的）人或装置; 榨取者; 榨汁机; 榨油机: He makes fresh orange juice with an electric extractor. 他用电动榨汁机榨取新鲜的橙汁. ex`tractor fan ventilator fan (in a kitchen, etc) for removing bad smells, etc （厨房等的）抽风扇, 排风扇. =>illus at fan 见fan之插图./ˈekstrədaɪt; `ɛkstrəˌdaɪt/ v [Tn]  1 give up or send back (sb accused or convicted of a crime) to the country where the crime was (said to be) committed 引渡（被告或罪犯）: The Spanish police have refused to extradite a man wanted for a bank robbery in France. 西班牙警方拒绝引渡一个在法国抢劫银行而被通缉的人.  2 obtain (such a person) for trial or punishment 获得（被告或罪犯）的引渡. /ˌekstrəˈdɪʃn;ˌɛkstrə`dɪʃən/ n [C, U]: the extradition of war criminals 对战犯的引渡./ˌekstrəˈmjʊərəl; ˌɛkstrə`mjᴜrəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (of university teaching, courses, etc) for people who are not full-time residential members of a university （指大学教学、课程等）为校外学生的: extramural studies, lectures, courses, students 大学校外课程的学习、大学校外课程的授课、大学的校外课程、大学校外课程部的学生 * the extramural department of a university 大学的校外课程部.  2 (of work, etc) not done as part of one's official (paid) duties （指工作等）业余的: on an extramural basis 在业余的基础上./ɪkˈstreɪnɪəs; ɪk`strenɪəs/ adj ~ (to sth)  1 not belonging to or directly connected with the subject or matter being dealt with 与正题无关的: extraneous information 无关的消息 * extraneous material in a book 书中的题外资料.  2 coming from outside 来自外部的; 外来的: extraneous interference 外来的干涉./ɪkˈstrɔːdnrəlɪ; <i>US</i> -dənerəlɪ; ɪk`strɔrdnˌɛrəlɪ/ adv: extraordinarily beautiful, thoughtful, rude 特别美丽的、周到的、粗野的./ɪkˈstrɔːdnrɪ; <i>US</i> -dənerɪ; ɪk`strɔrdnˌɛrɪ/ adj  1 beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable 不平常的; 不普通的; 非常的; 格外的: Her talents are quite extraordinary. 她才华出众. * extraordinary weather for the time of year 一年中某段时间的反常天气 * an extraordinary film about a highly gifted child 关于一个天赋极高的孩子的出色影片.  2 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of arrangements, meetings, etc) additional to what is usual or ordinary （指安排、会议等）特别的: an extraordinary general meeting 特别全会.  3 (used immediately after a n 紧接名词之後) (fml 文) (of an official) specially employed; additional to the usual one （指官员）特命的, 特派的: envoy/ambassador extraordinary 特使[特派大使]. /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt; ɪk`stræpəˌlet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文)  1 (mathematics 数) calculate (an unknown quantity) approximately from known values or measurements （从已知的值或量）推算出（未知的量）; 外推.  2 estimate (sth unknown) from facts that are already known 由已知事实估计（未知事物）; 推断; 推知: One can extrapolate the size of the building from the measurements of an average room.从一间屋子的量度可以推断出整座建筑物的大小./ɪkˌstræpəˈleɪʃn; ɪk`stræpəˌleʃən/ n [U] ~ (from sth) (fml 文): He estimated his income tax bill by extrapolation from figures submitted in previous years. 他从前几年的报税数字推算出自己应缴的所得税数额. =>illus at chart见chart之插图./ˌekstrətəˈrestrɪəl; ˌɛkstrətə`rɛstrɪəl/ adj of or from outside the earth and its atmosphere 地球和大气层外的; 来自天外的: extraterrestrial life, beings, forces 地球外的生命、生物、力量./ˌekstrəˌterɪˈtɔːrɪəl; ˌɛkstrəˌtɛrə`tɔrɪəl/ (also exterritorial / eks9terI5tR:rIEl; 9ZkstZrI`tRrIEl/) adj (fml 文) (of an ambassador, etc) free from the laws of the country in which one lives （指大使等）不受所在国法律约束的, 治外法权的: extraterritorial rights and privileges 治外法权及其特权./-gəns; -ˇəns/ n  1 [U] being extravagant(1) 奢侈; 挥霍: His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. 他挥霍无度, 难怪总欠债.  2 [C] extravagant thing, act, statement, etc 奢侈品; 放纵的言行等: I do not regard books as extravagances. 我认为书不是侈奢品./ɪkˈstrævəgənt; ɪk`strævəˇənt/ adj  1 (in the habit of) using or spending too much; (of actions) showing this tendency （惯于）奢侈的, 挥霍的; （指行为）放纵的: an extravagant man 挥霍无度的人 * extravagant tastes and habits 奢侈的嗜好和习惯 * an extravagant use of natural resources 自然资源的滥用.  2 (of ideas, speech or behaviour) going beyond what is reasonable, usual or necessary （指想法、言行）放肆的, 越轨的, 过度的: extravagant praise, behaviour, claims 过分的赞扬、放肆的行为、过高的要求 * pay extravagant compliments 过分夸奖.adv: extravagantly dressed 衣着奢侈./ɪkˌstrævəˈgnzə; ɪkˌstrævə`ˇænzə/ n entertainment with elaborate and colourful costumes, scenery, etc （带有华丽服装、场景等的）娱乐表演: a costly musical extravaganza on television 电视上播出的 大场面音乐节目./ɪkˈstriːm; ɪk`strim/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] as far away as possible (esp from the centre or beginning); remote 尽可能远的（尤指距中心或起点）; 遥远的; 久远的: in the extreme north of a country 在一国的最北部 * the extreme edge of the forest 森林最远的边缘 * in extreme old age 极高的年龄.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the highest degree or intensity; greatest possible 程度或强度最高的; 最大可能的; 极度的: show extreme patience, kindness, gentleness, etc 表现出极为耐心、和蔼、温柔等 * in extreme pain 在极度的痛苦中 * (fml 文) The extreme penalty of the law in some countries is the death penalty. 有些国家的极刑是死刑.  3 (often derog 常作贬义) (of people and their opinions) far from moderate （指人和意见）偏激的, 极端的: hold extreme views 持偏激观点 * a supporter of the extreme left/right, ie a person who supports communism/fascism 极左[右]思想的拥护者（拥护共产主义[法西斯主义]的人） * His ideas are too extreme for me. 我认为他的思想太偏激了.

n [C usu pl 通常作复数]  1 feeling, condition, etc as far apart or as different from another as possible 极端不同的感情、状况等: the extremes of misery and bliss 悲惨与极乐天壤之别的境遇 * Love and hate are extremes of passion. 爱与恨是感情的两个极端. * He was once terribly shy but now he's gone to the opposite extreme. 他以前特别　腆, 可现在却判若两人.  2 greatest or highest degree; either end of anything 最大程度; 最高程度; 极端: He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. 他忍受不住沙漠的酷热.  3 (idm 习语) go, etc to ex`tremes act or be forced to act in a way that is far from moderate or normal 走极端: In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive. 在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动. in the ex`treme (fml 文) to the highest degree; extremely 极端; 极度: This is inconvenient in the extreme. 这极不方便.adv (with adjs and advs 与形容词和副词连用) to a very high degree 极端; 极其; 非常: That's extremely interesting. 那极为有趣. * I'm extremely sorry for the delay. 对此延误, 我深感抱歉.n [U] holding of such views 极端主义: The council was often accused of extremism. 人们常抨击该委员会是极端主义. * the extremism of some feminists 有些女权主义者所持的极端主义观点.n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who holds extreme(3) views (esp in politics) （尤指政治上）偏激的人, 极端主义者: When it comes to talking about patriotism, he's an extremist. 一谈到爱国主义, 他就很偏激. * [attrib 作定语] extremist policies 极端主义的政策. /ɪkˈstremətɪ; ɪk`strɛmətɪ/ n  1 (a) [C] (fml 文) furthest point, end or limit of sth 极端; 末端; 极限; 尽头: the extremities of the world 世界的尽头. (b) extremities [pl] furthest parts of the human body, eg hands and feet （人的）肢体（如手和足）: Cold affects the extremities first. 手和脚最先感到寒冷.  2 [sing] (fml 文) extreme degree (esp of misery, suffering, etc); great misfortune or distress 极度（尤指悲惨、痛苦等）; 极大的不幸或危难: reach an extremity of despair 绝望已极 * How can we help them in their extremity? 我们怎样帮助他们摆脱困境呢?  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) exceptionally cruel or violent behaviour 极端残暴的行为: Both armies were guilty of extremities. 两军都犯有残暴的罪行./ˈekstrɪkeɪt; `ɛkstrɪˌket/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) set sb/sth free; release sb/sth 解脱某人[某物]; 释放某人[某物]: The bird had to be extricated from the netting. 要把小鸟从网中救出. * extricate oneself from an unhappy love affair 使自己摆脱不快的爱情纠葛./ekˈstrɪnsɪk; ɛk`strɪnsɪk/ adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) (of qualities, values, etc) not belonging to or part of the real nature of a person or thing; coming from outside （指性质、价值等）非固有的, 外来的, 外在的: extrinsic facts 非本质的事实 * information extrinsic to the situation 与局势无关的消息. Cf 参看 intrinsic./ˌekstrəˈvɜːʃn; <i>US</i> ˈvɜːrʒn;ˌɛkstrə`vɝʒən/ n [U] (fml 文) state of being extroverted 外向性; 外倾./ˈekstrəvɜːt; `ɛkstrəˌvɝt/ n  1 person more interested in what is happening around him than in his own thoughts and emotions 性格外向的人; 性格外倾的人: Extroverts prefer lively conversation to brooding on the meaning of life. 性格外向的人喜欢高谈阔论, 而不愿思索人生的意义.  2 (infml 口) lively, cheerful and sociable person 活跃、愉快、爱交际的人: She's a good person to invite to a party because she's such an extrovert. 最好把她邀来参加聚会, 因为她很爱交际. * [attrib 作定语] extrovert behaviour 性格外向的举止. Cf 参看 introvert./ɪkˈstruːd; ɪk`strud/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文)  1 force or squeeze out sth under pressure 压出, 挤出, 逐出（某物）: extrude glue from a tube 从管里挤出胶水.  2 shape (metal, plastic, etc) by forcing it through a die （通过模具）将（金属、塑料等）挤压成形: nylon extruded as very thin fibres 挤压而成的细尼龙纤维. /ɪkˈstruːʒn; ɪk`struʒən/ n [C, U] (fml 文)./-rəns; -rəns/ n [U] state or quality of being exuberant 兴高采烈; 活跃; 愉快; 茁壮; 茂盛: the natural exuberance of young children 幼儿固有的活泼 * The speaker's exuberance enlivened a boring conference. 讲演者谈笑风生, 使死气沉沉的会议顿添生气./ɪgˈzjuːbərənt; <i>US</i> -ˈzuː-; ɪˇ`zubərənt/ adj  1 (esp of people and their behaviour) overflowing with happiness and excitement; very lively and cheerful （尤指人和行为）兴高采烈的, 活跃的, 愉快的: exuberant children at a fair 在游乐场上兴高采烈的儿童 * She gave an exuberant account of the party. 她生动地介绍了那一聚会的情形.  2 (of plants, etc) growing vigorously; luxuriant （指植物等）茁壮的, 茂盛的; 繁茂的: plants with exuberant foliage 枝叶扶疏的植物 * (fig 比喻) an exuberant imagination 丰富的想像力.adv./ˌeksjuːˈdeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌeksuː-; ˌɛksᴜ`deʃən/ n [U] (fml 文)./ɪgˈzjuːd; <i>US</i> -ˈzuːd; ɪˇ`zud/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) ~ (sth) (from/through sth) (of drops of liquid, etc) come or pass out slowly; ooze out （指液滴等）缓慢流出, 渗出, 分泌出: Sweat exudes through the pores. 汗从毛孔中渗出. * The hot sun made him exude sweat. 烈日晒得他汗流浃背.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] give out or radiate an air or feeling of (sth) 流露出对（某事物）的神态或感情: exude cheerfulness 流露出愉快的神情 * He exudes confidence and energy. 他信心十足、精力充沛. /ɪgˈzʌlt; ɪg`zʌlt/ v (fml 文) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at/in sth) get great pleasure from sth; rejoice greatly 从某事物中获得巨大的快乐; 狂喜: exult at her sister's success 对她姐姐的成功欣喜若狂 * He obviously exulted in winning. 他获胜後喜形于色. * exulting to find that one has succeeded 对自己的成功欢欣鼓舞. /-ənt; -nt/ adj ~ (at sth) exulting; triumphant 欢欣的; 狂喜的; 欢跃的: an exultant shout of victory 胜利的欢呼声 * exultant at one's success 为自己的成功而欢欣鼓舞. adv: exultantly proud 扬扬得意./ˌegzʌlˈteɪʃn; ˌɛgzʌl`teʃən/ n [U] ~ (at sth) great happiness 狂喜; 大喜; 欢跃; 得意: the exultaion of the winner 获胜者的欢欣雀跃./aɪ; aɪ/ n  1 (a) organ of sight 眼睛: I can't see out of this eye. 我这只眼看不见东西. * She opened/closed her eyes. 她睁开[闭上]眼睛. * He is blind in one eye. 他有一只眼失明. * He lost an eye in the war. 他在战争中瞎了一只眼睛. * [attrib 作定语] The surgeon is performing an eye operation. 医师正在做眼科手术. =>illus 见插图. (b) visible coloured part of this; iris 虹膜: have blue eyes 有蓝眼睛.  2 power of seeing; observation 视力; 眼力: She has sharp eyes, ie very good eyesight. 她视力极好. * To her expert eye, the painting was terrible. 她以内行的眼光看, 这幅画糟透了. * His eyes fell upon (ie he saw) an advertisement in the magazine. 他看到杂志上的一则广告上.  3 thing like an eye 似眼之物; 眼状物: the eye of a needle, ie the hole for the thread 针鼻儿（针上引线的孔） * a hook and eye, ie fastening with a hook and loop for a dress, etc 一副钩扣（系衣服的钩与环） * the eye of a potato, ie point from which a leaf bud will grow 马铃薯的芽眼  4 (idm 习语) a bird's eye view =>bird. the apple of sb's eye =>apple. as far as the eye can see far2. be all `eyes be watching intently 目不转睛地看; 全神贯注地看: The children were all eyes as we opened the parcel. 孩子们目不转睛地看着我们把包裹打开. cast an eye/one's eye(s) over sb/sth =>cast1. catch sb's attention/eye =>catch1. clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth see sb/sth 看见某人[某物]: I disliked the place the moment I clapped eyes on it. 我一看见这个地方就讨厌. * I hope I never set eyes on him again. 我希望再也不要见到他了. close one's eyes to sth =>close4. cry one's eyes/heart out =>cry1. do sb in the `eye (infml 口) hurt or humiliate sb 伤害某人; 羞辱某人: He certainly did his colleagues in the eye when he got the boss's approval. 他得到老板的夸奖, 确也得罪了同事. easy on the ear/eye =>easy1. the evil eye =>evil. an ,eye for an `eye a punishment as severe as the injury that was suffered; retaliation 以眼还眼; 报复: The death penalty for murder works on the principle of an eye for an eye. 犯谋杀罪处以死刑, 其原则是一命抵一命. the eye of the `storm a relatively calm spot in the centre of a storm, esp a hurricane 台风眼. the eye of the `wind (also the wind's `eye) point from which the wind is blowing 起风处; 风眼. sb's eyes are bigger than his `stomach (saying 谚) someone is too greedy in asking for or taking more food than he can eat 眼大肚小; 眼馋肚饱. eyes `right/`left/`front (as a military command) turn the head and look to the right, etc （用作军令）向右看齐[向左看齐/向前看]. feast one's eyes =>feast. find/lose favour with sb/in sb's eyes =>favour1. for `sb's eyes only only to be looked at, read, etc by the person specified 只给所指定的人看、读等: The top secret file was marked `For the President's eyes only'. 在绝密档案上标有｀只供总统亲阅＇字样. get one's `eye/`hand in (in ball games) become able, through practice, to follow with one's eyes the movement of the ball/to hit the ball accurately （在球戏中）通过锻炼能用眼跟上球的动向[准确击球]: Now that she's got her eye in she plays an excellent game of tennis. 她已能盯住球了, 所以网球打得很好. give sb/get the (glad) `eye (infml 口) give sb/get inviting or amorous looks 向某人传送[看到传来的]诱人的或多情的眼色; 抛媚眼; 送秋波: The woman at the next table was giving him the glad eye. 坐在旁边桌子那儿的女子向他抛媚眼. glance one's eye down/over/through sth =>glance. a gleam in sb's eye =>gleam. have an eye for sth be a good judge of or have a proper sense of sth 对某事物有判断力或鉴赏力; 有眼力; 有眼光: He has an eye for a bargain. 他识便宜货. have eyes in the back of one's `head observe everything (without seeming to do so) 脑袋後边长着眼睛; （留意到一切而不露声色）: How did you know I was behind you? You must have eyes in the back of your head. 你怎么知道我在你後边? 你脑袋後面准是长眼睛了吧. have/with an eye to sth/doing sth have/having sth as one's aim or purpose 将某事作为自己的目标或目的: He always has an eye to business, ie looks for a chance of doing business. 他总是找机会做生意. * He kept the customer talking with an eye to selling him something else. 他引着顾客说个不停, 想再卖给人家一些别的东西. have/with an eye for/on/to the main `chance look/looking for an opportunity for personal gain (esp to make money) 找便宜（尤指赚钱） have, etc one's eyes on stalks be looking at sth with fascination, astonishment, etc 着迷地、惊奇地...看着某事物 have a roving eye =>rove. hit sb in the eye =>hit. if you had half an eye if you were not so dull and unobservant 假如你不是瞎了眼睛; 你要是稍微留意一下 in the eyes of the `law, `world, etc from the point of view of the law, etc; as the law, etc sees it 从法律等的角度看; 就法律等的观点而言: In the eyes of the law she is guilty though few ordinary people would think so. 从法律上说, 她有罪; 但一般人不见得这么看. in the eyes of `sb/in `sb's eyes in the opinion or estimation of sb 在某人的心目中; 在某人看来: In your father's eyes you're still a child. 在你父亲的眼里你仍是个孩子. in one's mind's eye =>mind1. in the public eye =>public. in the twinkling of an eye =>twinkle. keep a close eye/watch on sb/sth =>close1. keep an `eye on sb/sth make sure that sb/sth is safe, etc; look after sb/sth 照料某人[某事物]: Keep an eye on the baby. 照看一下这个婴儿. * Could you keep an eye on my suitcase for a moment? 你能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗? keep an eye open/out (for sb/sth) (infml 口) watch for sb/sth; look out for sb/sth 留心或注意某人[某事物]: I've lost my ring  could you keep an eye out for it when you clean the house? 我的戒指不见了--你打扫房子时能留点儿神吗? keep one's ears/eyes open =>open1. keep one's `eyes peeled/skinned (for sb/sth) watch carefully; be observant 仔细观看; 留意: The tramp always keeps his eyes peeled for coins lying on the ground. 那流浪汉总是注意着寻找地上的硬币. * Keep your eyes skinned for a campsite! 留意找个宿营地! keep a weather eye open =>weather1. lift one's eyes =>lift. (be unable to) look sb in the `eye(s)/`face (be unable to) look at sb steadily (because one feels ashamed, embarrassed, etc) （不能）直视某人（因觉得惭愧、尴尬等）: Can you look me in the eyes and say you did'nt break the window? 你能正眼看着我说, 窗户不是你打碎的吗? make (`sheep's) `eyes at sb look amorously at sb 向某人抛媚眼、送秋波: The lovers were making sheep's eyes at each other over the table. 恋人隔着桌子互送秋波. meet sb's eye =>meet1. meet the ear/eye =>meet1. the mote in sb's eye =>mote. (all) ,my `eye (infml 口) (esp of sth said that is intended to deceive or mislead) completely untrue or nonsensical （尤指所说的话意在欺骗或使人误解）瞎说, 胡说: She said she was only twenty-two --- twenty-two my eye! 她说她只有二十二岁--二十二岁, 胡说八道! the naked eye =>naked. never/not (be able to) take one's `eyes off sb/sth never/not (be able to) stop watching sb/sth 目不转睛地看着某人[某物]: He couldn't take his eyes off the beautiful newcomer. 他目不转睛地盯着那位新来的美人. not believe one's ears/eyes =>believe. not a dry eye in the house =>dry1. one in the eye (for sb/sth) (infml 口) hard or unkind rejection or defeat 惨败; 挫折: If she gets the job, that's one in the eye for Peter: he was desperate to get it. 假使她获得这份工作, 那对彼得是当头一棒; 他是拼命想得到这份工作的. only have eyes for/have eyes only for sb only be interested in or in love with (a specified person) 只对（某人）感兴趣; 只爱恋（某人）: It's no use asking Kim to go out with you; she only has eyes for Mark. 你邀请金和你出去是白请, 她心目中只有马克. Open one's/sb's eyes (to sth) =>open2. out of the corner of one's eye =>corner1. pull the wool over sb's eyes =>pull2. the scales fall from sb's eyes =>scale. (not) see eye to `eye with sb (not) agree entirely; (not) have similar views （不）完全一致; （没）有相同的看法: Jim and I have never seen eye to eye on this matter. 我和吉姆对此事的意见从来就不一致. see, etc sth with `half any eye see, etc sth at a glance 对某事物一目了然. shut/close one's eyes to sth refuse to see or take notice of sth 对某事物视而不见: The government shuts its eyes to poverty. 政府对贫穷问题置若罔闻. * She closed her eyes to her husband's infidelities. 她丈夫有不忠行为, 她却视而不见. a sight for sore eyes =>sight. there is more in/to sb/sth than meets the eye =>meet1. throw dust in sb's eyes =>dust1. turn a blind eye =>blind1. under/before one's very `eyes (a) in one's presence; in front of one 当着某人的面; 在某人面前: `Ladies and gentlement! Before your very eyes I will cut this man in half,' said the magician. ｀女士们、先生们! 我要当着你们大家把这个人一分为二, ＇魔术师说. (b) without attempting to hide what one is doing 不想隐瞒自己所做的事: He stole the stuff from under my very eyes. 他当着我的面偷走的. (be) up to one's ears/ eyes/ eyebrows/ neck in sth =>ear. the wind's eye = the eye of the wind. with one's `eyes open fully aware of what one is doing 充分了解自己所做之事: I moved to this country with my eyes open; so I'm not complaining. 我迁居到这个国家是心中有数的, 所以我并无怨言. * He married her with her eyes wide open. 他娶她时心里有底. with one's `eyes shut/closed without much effort; easily 没费多大力气; 轻易地: He's cooked that meal so often he can do it with his eyes closed. 他常做那种饭菜, 闭着眼也能做.

/aɪ; aɪ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) observe or watch (sb/sth) in the specified way 以所述方式观察或观看（某人[某事物]）: He eyed me with suspicion. 他怀疑地看着我. * They were ey(e)ing us jealously. 他们忌妒地看着我们. (b) look at (sth) with longing 渴望地看（某物）: The children were ey(e)ing the sweets. 孩子们眼巴巴地看着糖果.  2 (phr v) eye sb up (and down) (infml 口) look at sb amorously (in order to try to attract) 含情脉脉地看某人（以图吸引对方）: Did you see that creep eyeing up every woman at the party? 你看见那个讨厌的家伙了吗? 他对聚会上的每个女人都垂涎欲滴地打量不停.n small cup shaped to fit round the eye for holding lotion, etc in which to bathe the eye 洗眼器; 洗眼杯.adj striking and noticeable, esp because pleasant to look at 别人注目的; 令人注意的（尤指悦目者）: an eye-catching suit, hat, etc 引人注目的服装、帽子等.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] level with a person's eyes when looking straight ahead （直视时）与眼睛相平的: an eye-level grill 与眼睛相平的铁栅栏.n cosmetic applied as a line round (part of) the eye 眼线液.n event, etc that is enlightening or causes surprise 令人开眼界的或令人惊奇的事物: My trip to India was quite an eye-opener. 我的印度之行真令我大开眼界.n device worn above the eyes to protect them from strong light 遮光帽檐: The tennis umpire wore an eye-shade. 那网球裁判戴着遮光帽檐.n [C, U] type of cosmetic applied to the eyelids 眼影膏.n [U] tired condition of the eyes (caused, eg by reading very small print, or in dim light) 眼睛疲劳（如因读小字或光线暗所致）.n (pl eye-teeth)  1 canine tooth in the upper (human) jaw, under the eye （人的）上犬齿.  2 (idm 习语) cut one's `eye-teeth acquire experience in the ways of the world 获得世事经验; 通晓世故: He'll have to cut his eye-teeth before he gets promoted. 他要有些阅历才可获提升. give one's eye-teeth for sth wish to possess or obtain sth very much 非常希望具有、占有或得到某物: He'd give his eye-teeth to own a car like that. 他巴不得有那样一辆汽车.n [U] (a) liquid for bathing the eyes 洗眼药水 (b) (infml 口) thing said or done to deceive or create a false impression; nonsense 瞎扯; 瞎说; 胡说八道; 胡言乱语; 弄虚作假: He pretends to care so much about his children, but it's all eyewash: he never even takes them out. 他貌似很关心自己的孩子, 其实都是假像, 他从来不带他们出去.n  1 round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket 眼珠; 眼球. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) ,eyeball to `eyeball (with sb) (infml 口) confronting a person closely; face to face 互相对视; 面对面: We must discuss the situation eyeball to eyeball. 我们要面对面地研究一下这种情况.n  1 arch of hair above the human eye 眉; 眉毛: pluck one's eyebrows 拔眉毛. =>illus 见插图. =>Usage at body 用法见body.  2 (idm 习语)raise one'seyebrows =>raise. up to one's ears/eyes/eyebrows/neck in sth =>ear. `eyebrow pencil make-up pencil used for darkening the eyebrows 眉笔./fʊl; -ˌfᴜl/ n  1 thing thrown or blown into one's eye 掷入、刮入或吹入眼中之物: get an eyeful of sand 眼里刮进沙子.  2 (infml 口) interesting or attractive sight 有趣的或诱人的景象: She's quite an eyeful! 她真是个美人!  3 (idm 习语) have/get an eyeful (of sth) (infml 口) have a good long look (at sth interesting, remarkable, unusual, etc) 好好看看（有趣的、美妙的、罕见的等物）: `Come and get an eyeful of this  there's a giraffe in the garden!' ｀快来看哪--花园里有个长颈鹿!＇n lens (for one eye) to help poor eyesight （眼镜的）镜片; 单片眼镜: The old man wore an eyeglass attached to a piece of ribbon. 那老人戴着单片眼镜, 上面连结着一条丝带.n hair, or one of the rows of hairs, on the edge of the eyelid 睫毛: She was wearing false eyelashes, ie artifical eyelashes, stuck to the eyelids. 她戴着假睫毛. =>illus 见插图.adj (fml 文) without eyes; without sight 无眼的; 无视力的./ˈaɪlɪt; `aɪlɪt/ n [C] small hole in cloth, in a sail, etc for a rope, etc to go through; metal ring round such a hole, to strengthen it （布、帆等上穿绳等用的）孔眼; （镶孔眼的）金属环.n  1 upper or lower of two movable folds of skin that close to cover the eyeball 眼睑; 眼皮: His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) not bat an eyelid =>bat1.n lens at the end of a telescope or microscope through which the observer looks （望远镜或显微镜的）接目镜. =>illus at microscope 见microscope之插图.n [U] power of seeing; ability to see 视力: have good/bad/poor eyesight 有良好的[很糟的/微弱的]视力.n ugly object; thing that is unpleasant to look at 丑陋的物品; 难看的东西: That old block of flats is a real eyesore! 那座旧公寓真不顺眼!n = witness: [attrib 作定语] an eyewitness account of a crime 目击者对一罪行的叙述./ˈaɪərɪ; `aɪərɪ/ n eagle's nest; nest of other birds of prey built high up among rocks 鹰巢; 建在岩石高处的其他猛禽的巢./ef; ɛf/ n (pl F's, f's / efs; Zfs/)  1 the sixth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第六个字母: `Fabric' starts with an `F'/F. fabric一字以f字母开始.  2 F (music 音) the fourth note in the scale of C major  C大调音阶中的第四音或音符.

abbr 缩写 =  1 (degree or degrees) Fahrenheit: Water freezes at 32F. 水在32F时结冰. Cf 参看 C abbr 缩写 2.  2 (in academic degrees) Fellow of: FRCM, ie Fellow of the Royal College of Music 皇家音乐学院会员. Cf 参看 A abbr 缩写 3.  3 (of lead used in pencils) fine.=> F

abbr 缩写 =  1 (also fem) (esp on forms) female (sex).  2 (also fem) (grammar) feminine (gender).  3 (music 音) loudly (Italian forte) 强, 大声（源自意大利文forte）. Cf 参看 p 3./ˌef ˈeɪ; ˌɛf `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Football Association （英国）足球协会: the FA Cup （英国）足总杯./fɑː; fɑ/ n (music 音) the fourth note in the sol-fa scale 唱名法音阶的第四音./fæb; fæb/ adj (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) marvellous; fabulous(3) 极好的; 绝妙的./ˈfeɪbɪən; `febɪən/ n, adj  1 (person) patiently planning to defeat the enemy gradually 耐心策划逐步消灭敌人的（人）: Fabian tactics 耐心策划逐步消灭敌人的策略.  2 (Brit) (person) aiming to build socialism by means of gradual reform 以逐渐改革的方式建设社会主义为目标的（人）; 费边式的: the Fabian Society 费边社./ˈfeɪbl; `febl/ n  1 (a) [C] short story not based on fact, often with animals as characters, that conveys a moral 寓言: Aesop's fables 伊索寓言. (b) [U] such stories and legends considered as a group 寓言故事; 神话; 传说: a land famous in fable 以寓言故事闻名的国家.  2 [C, U] untrue statement(s) or account(s) 无稽之谈; 谎话; 胡扯: distinguish fact from fable 辨别虚实./ˈfeɪbld; `febld/ adj famous in fables; legendary 寓言中有名的; 传说的./ˈfæbrɪk; `fæbrɪk/ n  1 [C, U] type of cloth, esp one that is woven 织物: woollen, silk, cotton, etc fabrics 毛、丝、棉等的织物.  2 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (a) walls, floors and roof (of a building, etc) （建筑物等的）墙、地板和屋顶: The entire fabric of the church needs renovation. 这座教堂的全部结构需要维修翻新. (b) (fig 比喻) structure (of sth) （某事物的）结构: the fabric of society 社会的结构./ˈfæbrɪkeɪt; `fæbrɪˌket/ v [Tn]  1 invent (a false story) 编造（虚假的事）; 虚构: fabricate an excuse, an accusation, etc 编造藉口、捏造罪名 * The reason he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. 他提出的缺席理由显然是瞎编的.  2 forge (a document) 伪造（文件）: a fabricated voting paper 伪造的选票./ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌfæbrɪ`keʃən/ n  1 [U] action or result of fabricating 编造、虚构、捏造、伪造的行为或结果: That's pure fabrication! 那纯粹是捏造的!  2 [C] thing that has been fabricated, eg a forged document or a false account of events 编造、虚构、捏造、伪造的事物（如伪造的文件或虚构的事情）: Her story was nothing but a series of fabrications. 她说的完全都是编造的./ˈfæbjʊləs; `fæbjələs/ adj  1 incredibly great 极为巨大的: fabulous wealth 巨大的财富.  2 (infml 口) wonderful; marvellous 极好的; 绝妙的: a fabulous performance 精采的表演.  3 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) appearing in fables; legendary 寓言中的; 传说的; 神话的: fabulous heroes, monsters, etc 传奇式的英雄、妖怪等.adv incredibly 难以置信地: fabulously rich 难以置信地富有./fəˈsɑːd; fə`sɑd/ n  1 (fml 文) front (of a building) （建筑物的）正面.  2 (fig 比喻) outward appearance, esp a deceptive one 外表（尤指虚伪的）: a facade of indifference 假装冷漠 * Squalor and poverty lay behind the city's glittering facade. 这城市表面繁华, 背後却肮脏和贫困./feɪs; fes/ n  1 front part of the head from the forehead to the chin 脸; 面孔: a pretty, handsome, etc face 漂亮的、英俊的...面孔 * Go and wash your face. 去把脸洗一洗. * He was so ashamed that he hid his face in his hands. 他羞愧得用手把脸蒙住. * I saw many familiar/strange faces, ie people whom I recognized/did not recognize. 我看见很多熟悉的[陌生的]面孔.  2 expression shown on a face 面部表情; 脸色: a sad face 悲伤的面容 * smiling faces 笑脸 * She had a face like thunder, ie She looked very angry. 她满面怒气. * You are a good judge of faces, ie You can judge a person's character by (the expression on) his face. 你很会根据人的相貌（表情）来判断人的性格.  3 (a) surface or side (of sth) （某事物的）表面, 面: A cut diamond has many faces. 经切割的钻石有很多晶面. * They disappeared from/off the face of the earth, ie totally disappeared. 他们从地面上消失了（全部消失了）. * The team climbed the north face of the mountain. 那小队攀登山的北坡. (b) front or main side (of sth) （某事物的）正面, 主要的一面: the face of a clock 钟的面 * He put the cards face down on the table. 他把纸牌面向下放在桌上. (c) = coal-face (coal). (d) surface that is used for hitting, working, etc esp the striking-surface of a bat or the working-surface of a tool 用以打击、工作等的面（尤指球拍或工具的面）.  4 = typeface (type2).  5 (idm 习语) be staring sb in the face => stare. cut off one's nose to spite one's face => nose1. one's face falls one's expression shows disappointment, dismay, etc 脸沉下来（表示失望、沮丧等）: Her face fell when she heard the news. 她听到这个消息脸都沉下来了. face to face (with sb/sth) close to and looking at (sb/sth) 面对面地看（某人[某事物]）: His ambition was to meet his favourite pop star face to face. 他心向往之的是要面对面地见见他心目中的流行曲歌星. * The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman. 盗贼一拐弯面对面地碰上个警察. * The two rival politicians came/were brought face to face in a TV interview. 那两个对立的政客面对面地一起接受电视访问. fall flat on one's face => flat3. fly in the face of sth => fly2. grind the faces of the poor => grind. have, etc egg on/all over one's face => egg1. have the face (to do sth) (infml 口) be bold or impudent enough 竟然有脸或胆敢（做某事）: How can you have the face to ask for more money when you do so little work? 你干这么少工作还有脸多要钱? have one's face lifted have a face-lift(1) （做面部除皱纹）整容; 做面部拉皮手术. in the face of sth (a) in spite of sth 不顾某事物: succeed in the face of danger 不惧危险地完成 * continue in the face of criticism 不顾批评而继续干. (b) confronted by sth 面对某事物: We are powerless in the face of such forces. 面对这样强大的力量, 我们无能为力. keep a straight face => straight1. laugh in sb's face => laugh. laugh on the other side of one's face => laugh. a long face => long1. look sb in the eye/face => eye1. lose face => lose. make/pull `faces/a `face (at sb) grimace (at sb); pull the face into amusing, rude, disgusted, etc expressions （对某人）做鬼脸, 扮怪相: The schoolboy made a face at his teacher's back. 那个男生对着教师的背後做个鬼脸. * The clowns pulled funny faces. 小丑扮出了可笑的鬼脸. not just a pretty face => pretty. on the `face of it (infml 口) judging by appearances 就表面判断: On the face of it, he seems to be telling the truth though I suspect he's hiding something. 表面上看, 他似乎说的是实话, 可我怀疑他有隐情. plain as the nose on one's face => plain1. put a bold, brave, good, etc `face on sth accept (bad news, etc) courageously, pretending that it is not as bad as it is 装出满不在乎的样子面对（坏消息等）: Her exam results were disappointing but she tried to put a brave face on it. 她的考试成绩令人失望, 但却装出若无其事的样子. put one's `face on (infml joc 口, 谑) apply make-up to one's face 往脸上涂化妆品. save face => save1. set one's face against sb/sth be determined to oppose sb/sth 坚决反对某人[某事物]: You shouldn't set your face against all forms of progress. 你不应该硬是反对各种进步形式. show one's face => show2. shut/slam the door in sb's face => door. shut one's mouth/face => shut. a slap in the face => slap n. till one is blue in the face => blue1. to sb's `face openly and directly so that sb can hear 当着某人的面: I am so angry that I'll tell him to his face what I think of him. 我气得要当面把我对他的想法告诉他. * They called their teacher `Fatty' but never to his face. 他们把自己的老师叫作｀胖子＇, 但却从未当面叫过. Cf 参看 behind sb's back (back1). wipe sth off the face of the earth => wipe.

/feɪs; fes/ v  1 [Tn] have or turn the face towards (sb/sth); be opposite to 面对或面向（某人[某事物]）; 正对; 朝: Turn round and face me. 转过身来面对着我. * Who's the man facing me? 面向着我的那个男人是谁? * The window faces the street. 那窗户面临着街道. * The picture faces page 10. 该图在第10页的对面. * `Which way does your house face?' `It faces south.' ｀你的房子朝着那个方向?＇｀朝南.＇  2 [Tn] meet (sb/sth) confidently or defiantly without trying to avoid sb/sth 毅然相对（某人[某事物]）; 对付、应付某人[某事物]: He turned to face his attackers. 他转过身来对付那些攻击者. * (fig 比喻) face dangers 应付危险的事物 * face one's responsibilities 正视自己的责任 * face facts, ie accept the situation that exists 面对事实（承认现状）.  3 [Tn] require the attention of (sb/sth); confront 要求（某人[某事物]）的注意; 面临: the problems that face the Government 政府面临的难题.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover sth with a layer of different material 在某物上覆盖一层另一种材料: face a wall (with plaster) （用灰泥）涂墙壁.  5 (idm 习语) about/left/right face (US) = about/ left/ right turn (turn1) . face a charge (of sth)/face `charges be forced to appear in court accused of sth 被控某事物须出庭受审: face serious charges, a charge of shoplifting 被控严重罪名、入店行窃之罪. face the `music (infml 口) accept the criticisms, unpleasant consequences, etc that follow a decision or action of one's own 由于自己的决定或行动而接受批评、承担後果等: You've been caught cheating  now you must face the music. 你的骗局已经戳穿--这下子你得自食其果了. let's `face it (infml 口) we must acknowledge that... 我们得承认...: Let's face it, we won't win whatever we do. 我们得承认, 怎么做都不行.  6 (phr v) face up to sth accept and deal with sth unpleasant or demanding honestly and bravely 诚实而勇敢地承认和处理令人不快的或困难的事物: He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实. * She's finding it difficult to face up to the possibility of an early death. 她面临可能早逝而手足无措.1 value printed or stamped on money or postage stamps 钱币或邮票的面值; 票面价值; 票面额.  2 (idm 习语) take sth/sb at (its, his, etc) face value assume that sth/sb is genuinely what it, he, etc appears to be 假定或认为某事物[某人]真如其显示的那样: She seems friendly enough but I shouldn't take her at (her) face value. 她好像够亲切的, 可是我不应该信以为真.n = court-card (court).n small square of towelling material used for washing the face, hands, etc （洗脸、洗手等的）毛巾, 面巾, 手巾.n [U] cosmetic cream for the skin of the face 面霜; 面膏; 雪花膏.=> face-clothn  1 (also face-lifting) operation in which the skin is tightened to smooth out wrinkles and make the face look younger （将面部皮肤拉紧以消除皱纹的）整容手术, 面部拉皮手术.  2 (fig 比喻) improvement in the appearance of sth; renovation (of a building, etc) 改善某事物的外观; （建筑物等的）翻新; 更新: The town centre certainly needs a face-lift. 市中心可真该装修一下了.n cream or paste applied to clean or refresh the skin on the face 面部洁霜; 洁肤膏.n thing that prevents sb from being embarrassed or losing dignity 保全某人面子的事物. `face-saving adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] acting as a face-saver 保全面子的: a face-saving action, excuse, gesture 保全面子的行动、藉口、举动.adj not known by name; with no clear character or identity 不知名的; 特性或身分不清楚的: faceless civil servants 不知名的公务员./ˈfæsɪt; `fæsɪt/ n  1 any of the many sides of a cut stone or jewel 宝石或首饰的小平面; 刻面.  2 aspect of a situation or problem 情况或问题的方面: There are many facets to this question. 这个问题有很多方面./fəˈsiːʃəs; fə`siʃəs/ adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) intended to be amusing, often inappropriately （常为不当地）引人发笑的, 诙谐的: a facetious young man 耍贫嘴的小伙子 * She kept interrupting our discussion with facetious remarks. 她不断用开玩笑的话干扰我们的讨论. adv. n [U]./ˈfeɪʃə; `feʃə/ n  1 = dashboard (dash1).  2 board, etc with a name on it, put above the front entrance of a shop 商店入口处的店主名牌; 店号; 招牌./ˈfeɪʃl; `feʃəl/ adj of or for the face 面孔的; 面部用的: a facial expression 面部表情 * a facial massage 面部按摩.

n beauty treatment for the face 美容: I've made an appointment for a facial next week. 我已经预约了下星期去美容./ˈfeɪʃəlɪ; `feʃəlɪ/ adv as far as the face is concerned 在面孔方面: She may resemble her father facially, but in other respects she's not at all like him. 她尽管脸像父亲, 但其他方面却一点也不像./ˈfsaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈfæsl; `fæsl/ adj  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) [attrib 作定语] easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued) 容易得到的, 容易达到的（因而不受重视的）: a facile success, victory, etc 轻易获得的成功、胜利等. (b) (of speech or writing) easily produced but superficial or of poor quality （指演说或写作）轻易完成但肤浅或质量差的: a facile remark 信口开河的话.  2 [attrib 作定语] (of a person) saying or doing things easily; fluent （指人）麻利的, 利落的: a facile speaker 能说会道的人./fəˈsɪlɪteɪt; fə`sɪləˌtet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult （指物体、过程等, 但不用于指人）使（某事物）容易或减少困难: It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative. 要是你再合作些就省事了. /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃn; fəˌsɪlə`teʃən/ n [U]./fəˈsɪlətɪ; fə`sɪlətɪ/ n  1 [U, sing] ability to learn or do things easily 容易学好或做好事物的能力: have (a) great facility for (learning) languages 有（学习）语言的天才 * He plays the piano with surprising facility. 他弹奏钢琴神乎其技.  2 facilities [pl] circumstances, equipment, etc that make it possible, or easier, to do sth; aids 能够或易于做某事的环境、设备等; 辅助物: `sports facilities, eg running tracks, swimming pools 运动设施（如跑道、游泳池） * `washing, `postal, `shopping, `banking, etc facilities 洗涤、邮政、购物、银行等设施 * facilities for study, eg libraries 有助学习的设施（如图书馆）./ˈfeɪsɪŋ; `fesɪŋ/ n  1 outer layer covering a surface (eg of a wall) 覆盖（如墙壁的）表面的覆饰; 饰面.  2 layer of material covering part of a garment either to decorate it in a different colour or to strengthen it 衣服上不同颜色的外层饰料或使之耐穿的补片: a blue jacket with black facings 有黑色饰料的蓝甲克./fækˈsɪməlɪ; fæk`sɪməlɪ/ n [U, C] exact copy or reproduction of writing, printing, a picture, etc （文字、印刷品、图画等的）精确的复制品, 模本, 传真: reproduced in facsimile, ie exactly 精确复制的 * [attrib 作定语] a facsimile edition 模真版./fækt; fækt/ n  1 [C] thing that is known to have happened or to be true or to exist 事实; 真相: No one can deny the fact that fire burns. 无人能否认火能燃烧的事实. * Poverty and crime are facts. 贫穷和犯罪是事实. * He's resigned: I know it for a fact, ie I know that it is really true. 他已经辞职了, 我知道这是真事. * (infml 口) He came here yesterday, and that's a fact! 他昨天来过, 是真的! Cf 参看 fiction.  2 [C] thing that is believed or claimed to be true 认为或称为真实的事物: I disagree with the facts on which your argument is based. 我不同意你的论点所基于的论据.  3 [U] what is true; reality 真实的事物; 现实: The story is founded on fact. 这故事有真事作根据. * It's important to distinguish fact from fiction. 把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的.  4 (idm 习语) accessory before/after the fact => accessory. an accomplished fact => accomplish. blink the fact => blink. as a matter of fact => matter 1. a ,fact of `life thing that cannot be ignored, however unpleasant 生活的现实（尽管使人不快, 却不容忽视的事物）: We must all die some time: that's just a fact of life. 我们终有一死, 这就是生活的现实. the fact (of the matter) is (that)...; the fact remains (that)... despite what has been said, the truth is... 虽然话是这么说, 但事实是...: A holiday would be wonderful but the fact of the matter is (that) we can't afford one. 有个假日好是真好, 可事实是我们花费不起. * I agree that he tried hard but the fact remains that he has not finished the job in time. 我承认他已尽力而为了, 但事实是他并未按时做完. ,facts and `figures (infml口) precise information 精确的资料; 准确的情报: Before we make detailed plans, we need some more facts and figures. 我们还需要更多的精确资料才能制定出详细计画. the ,facts of `life (euph 婉) details of human sexuality, esp as told to children 性知识（尤指给儿童讲的）. the facts speak for themselves the facts noted about a situation or an occurrence show what conclusions can be reached, without further interpretation or explanation 事实本身自明. hard facts => hard1. in `fact in truth; really 事实上; 实际上; 其实: For eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy. 八年来她实际上一直为敌人做间谍工作. in point of fact => point1.n [U] discovering the truth about sth 揭示某事物的真相; 实情调查: [attrib 作定语] a fact-finding mission, expedition, etc 调查团、队等./ˈfækʃn; `fækʃən/ n [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) small united group within a larger one, esp in politics 大组织中的小派别, 派系（尤指政治上的）: rival factions within the party 党内的对立派别./ˈfækʃəs; `fækʃəs/ adj  1 of or causedby faction 派系的; 由派性产生的.  2 fond of faction; quarrelsome 喜好派性的; 爱争吵的: a factious individual派性强的人./fækˈtɪʃəs; fæk`tɪʃəs/ adj (fml 文) deliberately created or developed; unnatural; artificial 故意创造或发展的; 不自然的; 人为的: factitious enthusiasm 虚假的热情 * a factitious demand for goods, ie one created artificially by widespread advertising, etc 对货物需求的假相（由广泛宣传等人为造成的）./ˈfæktə(r); `fæktɚ/ n  1 fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a result 因素: environmental factors 环境因素 * the factors that influenced my decision 影响我做出决定的因素 * an unknown factor, ie sth unknown that is likely to influence a result 未知的因素（可能对结果造成影响的未知事物）.  2 (mathematics 数) number, except 1, by which a larger number can be divided exactly 因数; 因子: 2, 3, 4 and 6 are factors of 12. 2、3、4、6都是12的因数.  3 person or organization acting as a business agent （企业的）代理人, 代理商.  4 (Scot 苏格兰) land-agent; steward 地产经管人; 管家./fækˈtɔːrɪəl; fæk`tɔrɪəl/ adj, n (mathematics 数) (of the) product of a whole number and all those whole numbers below it 阶乘; 阶乘的; 因数的: factorial 5 (represented as 5!), ie the product of 5  4  3  2  15的阶乘（记作5!, 为54321的乘积）.=> factorization=> factorize/ˌfæktəraɪˈzeɪʃn;<i>US</i> -rɪˈz-; ˌfæktərə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈfæktəraɪz; `fæktəˌraɪz/ v [Tn] (mathematics 数) find the factors of (a number) 分解（某数的）因数. /ˈfæktərɪ; `fæktərɪ/ n building(s) in which goods are manufactured 工厂; 制造厂: [attrib 作定语] `factory workers 工厂工人.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Factory, mill, plant and works all refer to industrial buildings or places but they indicate different products or processes. *factory、mill、plant、works均指工业的建筑物或场所, 但其产品或加工程序则不尽相同. Factory is the most common word for the buildings where products are manufactured or assembled *factory一词最为普通, 指产品生产或装配的工厂: a car, shoe, bottle, etc factory 汽车制造、制鞋、制瓶等工厂 *  factory workers 工厂工人. Works suggests a larger group of buildings and machinery, generally not producing finished goods *works意为较大的建筑物群及其机器设备, 一般并不生产成品: a gasworks, ironworks 煤气厂、钢铁厂. Plant is more common in US English and relates especially to industrial processes *plant多用于美式英语, 尤为工业加工者: a power, chemical plant 发电厂、化工厂. Mill has the most limited meaning, relating to the processing of certain raw materials *mill的意思最为狭窄, 限用于某些原材料的加工: a paper/cotton/woollen/steel mill 造纸[棉纺/毛纺/钢]厂.farm in which animals are kept and reared in a way designed to produce the maximum yield (of meat, young, milk, eggs, etc) 工厂化农场（为高产食用肉、奶、蛋等而饲养和繁殖牲畜和家禽的农场）. `factory farming.ship to which ships in a fishing fleet bring their catch for processing, and often quick-freezing, while still at sea 捕捞加工船（在海上将捕获物急冻加工的渔船）./fækˈtəʊtəm; fæk`totəm/ n (fml or joc 文或谑) person employed to do all kinds of work 杂工; 打杂的: a general factotum 总勤杂工./ˈfæktʃʊəl; `fæktʃᴜəl/ adj based on or containing facts 根据事实的; 事实的; 真实的: a factual account 据实的报道. /-tʃʊəlɪ; -tʃᴜəlɪ/ adv: factually correct 事实方面正确无误的./ˈfækltɪ; `fækltɪ/ n  1 [C] any of the powers of the body or mind 官能; 才能; 能力: the faculty of sight 视力 * the mental faculties, ie the power of reason 智力 * be in possession of all one's faculties, ie be able to see, hear, speak, understand, etc 具有各种官能（有视、听、说、理解等能力）.  2 [sing] ~ of/for doing sth particular ability for doing sth 做某事物的特殊才能: have a great faculty for learning languages 有学习语言的才能.  3 (a) [C] department or group of related departments in a university, etc （大学的）系, 科, 院: the Faculty of Law, Science, etc 法律学院、理学院. (b) [CGp] all the lecturers, etc in one of these （大学的某系、科、院的）全体教员: [attrib 作定语] a faculty meeting （大学的某系、科、院的）全体教员会议. (c) [CGp] (US) the whole teaching staff of a university, etc 大学等的全体教员./fæd; fæd/ n fashion, interest, preference, enthusiasm, etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚、爱好、狂热等: Will Tom continue to collect stamps or is it only a passing fad? 汤姆还在集邮呢, 还是热劲已过?n [U].adj (derog 贬) having peculiar likes and dislikes 有乖僻好恶的.adj (infml derog 口, 贬) faddish, esp about food （尤指对于食物）有乖僻好恶的. /feɪd; fed/ v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) lose colour, freshness or vigour （使某事物）褪色, 凋落, 衰弱: the fading light of evening 傍晚渐暗的光 * Will (the colour in) this material fade? 这块料子（的颜色）褪色吗? * Flowers soon fade when cut. 花折下不久就会凋谢. * She is fading fast, ie rapidly losing strength. 她身体很快就衰弱了. * The strong sunlight had faded the curtains. 强烈 的阳光把窗帘晒得褪了色. * faded denims, ie ones that have lost their original colour 褪了色的牛仔裤.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) disappear gradually (from sight, hearing, memory, etc); become indistinct （从视野中、听力范围中、记忆中等）逐渐消失, 变得模糊不清: As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness. 夜晚降临时, 海岸线在黑暗中逐渐消失了. * The sound of the cheering faded (away) in the distance. 欢呼声在远处逐渐消失了. * All memory of her childhood had faded from her mind. 她对童年的一切记忆逐渐从脑海中消逝了. * His hopes faded. 他的希望渐渐破灭了.  3 (phr v) fade away (of people) disperse; die （指人）散开, 死亡: The crowd just faded away. 人群刚刚散去. * She's fading away, ie dying. 她已奄奄一息. fade (sth) in/out (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) (cause a picture to) increase/decrease gradually in sharpness; (cause the volume of sound to) become gradually audible/inaudible （使画面）清晰度逐渐增强[减弱]; （使音量）逐渐增大[减小]: As the programme ended, their conversation was faded out. 节目结束时, 他们的谈话声也逐渐消失了.n (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) gradual strengthening (of sounds, pictures, etc) （声音、画面等）逐渐清晰, 渐现, 渐显, 淡入.n (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) gradual weakening (of sounds, pictures, etc) （声音、画面等）逐渐模糊不清, 渐隐, 渐淡, 淡出./ˈfiːkl; `fikl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of faeces 粪便的./ˈfiːsiːz; `fisiz/ n [pl] (fml 文) waste matter passed from the bowels 粪便./fæg; fæˇ/ n  1 [sing, U] (infml 口) tedious and tiring job 沉闷而又吃力的工作: I've got to tidy my room. What a fag! 我得整理自己的房间. 真是累人的事. * It's too much (of a) fag. 这工作真叫人吃不消.  2 [C] (Brit infml 口) cigarette 香烟.  3 [C] (Brit) (formerly) junior boy at a public school performing certain duties for a senior boy （旧时）公学中为高年级男生服务的低年级男生.  4 [C] (esp US) = faggot 3.

/fæg; fæˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth/at doing sth) (infml 口) do very tiring work 做非常累的工作: fagging (away) in the office, at her work 在办公室辛勤工作、辛苦地做她的工作.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act as a fag(3) (for sb) 为（某高年级生）服务.  3 (phr v) fag sb/sth out (infml 口) make (a person or an animal) very tired 使（某人或某动物）极度疲劳: Running soon fags me out. 我很快就跑累了. * He was completely fagged out, ie exhausted. 他完全筋疲力尽了.n (Brit infml 口)  1 end of a cigarette after it has been smoked 香烟头; 烟蒂.  2 (fig 比喻) inferior or useless remnant; worthless part of anything 低劣或无用的剩余物; 无价值的部分: He only heard the fag-end of their conversation. 他只听到他们交谈中无足轻重的部分./ˈfægət; `fæˇət/ n  1 bundle of sticks or twigs tied together for burning 枝条捆; 柴捆.  2 ball of chopped seasoned meat, etc cooked by baking or frying 烤的或煎的肉丸.  3 (also esp US fag) (infml derog 口, 贬) male homosexual 男同性恋者.= fa./ˈfærənhaɪt; `færənˌhaɪt/ adj of a temperature scale with the freezing-point of water at 32 and the boiling-point at 212 华氏温度计的, 华氏的（冰点为32度, 沸点为212度）: The temperature today is seventy degrees Fahrenheit. 今天气温是华氏七十度. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、5. Cf 参看 centigrade./ˌfaɪˈɑːns; faɪ`ɑns/ n [U] decorated and glazed earthenware or porcelain 彩陶; 彩色瓷器./feɪl; fel/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tt] ~ (in sth) be unsuccessful in (sth) 在（某事物）中失败: If you don't work hard, you may fail. 不努力就可能失败. * I passed in maths but failed in French. 我数学及格, 但法语不及格. * He failed his driving-test. 他驾驶测验不合格. * She failed to reach the semi-finals. 她未能进入半决赛. (b) [Tn] decide that (a candidate) is unsuccessful 评定（应考者）不及格: The examiners failed half the candidates. 主考者评定半数应试者不及格. Cf 参看 succeed 1.  2 [It] forget, neglect or be unable (to do sth) 忘记、忽视或未能（做某事）: He never fails to write (ie always writes) to his mother every week. 他每周都给母亲写信. * She did not fail to keep (ie She did keep) her word. 她没有食言. * Your promises have failed to (ie did not) materialize. 你没有信守诺言.  3 [I, Tn] not be enough for (sb); end or be lacking while still needed or expected by (sb) 不足; 短少; 缺乏: The crops failed because of drought. 由于乾旱, 农作物歉收. * Our water supply has failed (us). 我们的水供应不足. * Words fail me, ie I cannot find words (to describe my feelings, etc). 我无法用言语来表达（自己的感情等）.  4 [I] (a) (of health, eyesight, etc) become weak （指健康状况、视力等）衰退: His eyesight is failing. 他的视力渐渐衰退了. * He has suffered from failing health/has been failing in health for the last two years. 近两年来, 他的健康状况每况愈下. (b) stop working properly 失灵; 失去作用: The brakes failed. 煞车失灵了.  5 [I] become bankrupt 破产; 倒闭: Several banks failed during the depression. 有几家银行在不景气时期倒闭了.

n  1 failure in an examination 考试不及格: I had three passes and one fail. 我考试三门及格一门不及格.  2 (idm 习语) without `fail certainly, even though there may be difficulties; whatever happens; definitely 肯定; 一定; 必定: I'll be there at two o'clock without fail. 我两点钟一定到那里.adj [attrib 作定语] (of equipment, machinery, etc) designed to compensate automatically for a breakdown or failure （指设备、机器等）设有自动保险装置的: the fail-safe mechanism 自动保险机械装置./ˈfeɪlɪŋ; `felɪŋ/ n weakness or fault (of character); shortcoming （性格中的）弱点, 缺陷, 短处: We all have our little failings. 我们都有小的缺点.

/ˈfeɪlɪŋ; `felɪŋ/ prep  1 if (sth) does not happen; without (sth) 如果（某事）不发生; 如果没有（某事物）: failing this, ie if this does not happen 倘若此事不发生 * failing an answer, ie if no answer is received 若无答覆.  2 if (sb) is not available 如果（某人）不在; 如果没有（某人）: Failing Smith, try Jones. 要是史密斯不在, 就找琼斯./ˈfeɪljə(r); `feljɚ/ n  1 (a) [U] lack of success 失败; 不成功: Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again. 一次考试不及格不应妨碍你再试一次. * The enterprise was doomed to failure. 该企业注定要失败. * All my efforts ended in failure, ie were unsuccessful. 我所有的努力都失败了. (b) [C] instance of this 失败: Success came after many failures. 经多次失败後, 终于获得成功. (c) [C] person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的人、尝试或事物: He was a failure as a teacher. 他当过教师, 却不称职. * Our new radio is an utter failure. 我们的新收音机完全是个废物.  2 (a) [U] state of being inadequate; not functioning as is expected or required 不足; 缺乏; 失灵; 故障: a case of heart failure 心力衰竭的患者 * Failure of crops often results in famine. 歉收常引起饥荒. (b) [C] instance of this 不足; 缺乏; 失灵; 故障: `engine failures 发动机故障 * another crop failure 农作物又一次歉收.  3 (a) [U] ~ to do sth neglecting or forgetting to do sth 忽略或忘记做某事: failure to comply with the regulations 未遵守规则. (b) [C] ~ to do sth instance of this 忽略; 忘记: repeated failures to appear in court 多次未出庭./feɪnt; fent/ adj (-er, -est)  1 that cannot be clearly perceived by the senses; indistinct; not intense in colour or sound or smell 微弱的; 模糊的; 暗淡的; 隐约的: The sounds of music grew fainter in the distance. 音乐的声音在远处逐渐模糊了. * Only faint traces of the tiger's tracks could be seen. 老虎的踪迹仅依稀可见.  2 (of ideas, etc) weak; vague （指想法等）模糊的, 不明确的: There is a faint hope that she may be cured. 她获治愈的希望渺茫.  3 (a) (of physical abilities) lacking strength （指体力）无力的, 虚弱的: in a faint voice 以有气无力的声音 * His breathing became faint. 他的呼吸变得微弱了. (b) [pred 作表语] (of people) likely to lose consciousness; giddy （指人）易失去知觉; 昏眩: She looks/feels faint. 她看来[感到]快要晕倒了. (c) [pred 作表语] (of people) weak; exhausted （指人）无力, 精疲力竭: The explorers were faint from hunger and cold. 探险者们因饥寒交迫而委顿不堪.  4 (of actions, etc) weak; unlikely to have much effect （指动作等）无力的, 似无甚效果的: a faint show of resistance 软弱无力装装样子 的抵抗 * make a faint attempt to do sth 未尽全力尝试做某事.  5 (idm 习语) damn sb/sth with faint praise => damn1. not have the `faintest/`foggiest (idea) (infml 口) not know at all 根本不知道: `Do you know where she is?' `Sorry, I haven't the faintest.' ｀你知道她在哪里吗?＇｀对不起, 我一点也不知道.＇ 

/feɪnt; fent/ v [I, Ipr] lose consciousness (because of heat, shock, loss of blood, etc) （因受热、受惊、失血等）失去知觉; 昏倒: He fainted (from hunger). 他（饿得）昏倒了.

n  1 [sing] act or state of fainting 昏厥; 不省人事.  2 (idm 习语) in a (dead) faint (completely) unconscious （完全）失去知觉: She fell to the ground in a dead faint. 她昏倒在地, 全然不省人事.adj timid; not brave 怯懦的; 不勇敢的. adv. n [U].adv. n [U]./feə(r); fɛr/ adj  1 (a) ~ (to/on sb) treating each person, side, etc equally and according to the law, rules, etc; impartial （按照法律、规则等）公平地对待每个人、各方等; 公正的: Our teacher isn't fair: he always gives the highest marks to his favourites. 我们老师不公正, 总是给他喜欢的学生高分数. * She deserves a fair trial. 她应该得到公正的审判. * The punishment was quite fair. 这一惩罚十分公正. * The ruling was not fair to everyone. 这项裁决并非对每人都公正. (b) in accordance with what is deserved or expected or with existing rules 应得的; 合理的; 公道的: a fair share, wage, price 应得的一份、合理的工资、公道的价钱 * It was a fair fight, ie The rules of boxing were observed. 那是一场公正的拳击比赛（遵守拳击规则）. * It's not fair to give him the prize/not fair that he should be given the prize. 让他获奖是不公正的.  2 (a) average; moderately good 中等的; 尚可的; 不错的: There's a fair chance that we might win this time. 这次我们颇有机会能赢. * His knowledge of French is fair, but ought to be better. 他法语还不错, 但应该再好些. (b) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) quite large, long, etc 相当大的、相当长的等: A fair number of people came along. 来了不少人.  3 (a) (of the weather) good; dry and fine （指天气）好的; 晴朗的: hoping for fair weather 希望有好天气. (b) (of winds) favourable （指风）顺风的: They set sail with the first fair wind. 他们一有顺风就扬帆起航.  4 (of the skin or the hair) pale; light in colour （指皮肤或毛发）白皙的, 浅色的: a fair complexion 白皙的肤色 * fair hair 浅色的毛发.  5 (arch 古) beautiful 美丽的: a fair maiden 美丽的姑娘. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见beautiful.  6 (idm 习语) by ,fair means or `foul somehow or other, whether by good or evil methods 千方百计; 不择手段: She's determined to win, by fair means or foul. 她决心要赢, 那怕是不择手段. by one's ,own fair `hand (joc 谑) by oneself 亲手; 亲自: I hope you'll appreciate this: it's all done by my/mine own fair hand. 希望你喜欢这件东西, 这是我亲手做的. a fair `cop (sl 俚) legitimate arrest (usu made while the crime is being committed) 依法逮捕（通常为作案时）. a fair crack of the `whip (infml 口) reasonable chance to share in sth, to be successful, etc 分享某物、获得成功等的合理机会: give him a fair crack of the whip 给他一次应有的机会. a fair/square deal => deal4. fair `do/`dos/`do's (Brit infml 口) (used esp as an interj 尤用作感叹语) fair treatment; fair shares 公平对待; 公平的份额: Come on, fair dos  you've had a long go on the computer and now it's my turn. 行了, 机会均等--你用计算机已经很长时间了, 现在该轮到我了. fair `game person or thing that it is considered reasonable to chase, ridicule, etc 认为可追逐、嘲弄等的人或物: The younger teachers were fair game for playing tricks on. 那些年轻教师常是受作弄的对象. (give sb/get) a fair `hearing opportunity of being listened to impartially, usu in a lawcourt 公平的申辩机会（通常指于法庭中）. fair `play equal treatment of both or all sides because of respect for the rules 尊重规则公平对待双方或各方: determined to see fair play, ie to see that no injustice is done 决心要让事情得到公正处理. a fair `question question that is reasonable to ask (but often difficult to answer) 合理的问题（但常难以回答）: `If the proposals are obviously sensible, why do you oppose them?' `That's a fair question.' ｀这些建议若显然合理, 你为什么反对呢?＇｀这个问题倒是言之成理.＇ fair's `fair (infml 口) (used as a protest or a reminder that) sb should be dealt with fairly （用以表示不满或提示）某人应受到公平对待: `Come on, Sarah. Give me a bit more  fair's fair!' ｀好了, 萨拉. 再给我一点--应当公平才是!＇ a fair `shake (US infml 口) just or reasonable arrangement; fair chance 公正、合理的安排; 均等的机会. have, etc (more than) one's fair share of sth have, etc (more than) a usual or an expected amount of sth 得到（超过）通常得到的或期望得到的数量: We got more than our fair share of rain on holiday. 我们这次假期里遇到的雨天太多了. in a fair way to do sth likely to do sth 可能做某事物: in a fair way to succeed 可能成功. in a fair way of `business having quite a large, successful, etc business 有相当大的、成功的...生意. set `fair (of the weather) fine and with no sign of change （指天气）晴朗而无变化迹象. > fairness n [U].

/feə(r); fɛr/ adv  1 in a fair1(1) manner 公平地; 公正地; 正直地.  2 (idm 习语) fair and `square (a) exactly on target 正中目标. (b) with no uncertainty or possibility of error, misunderstanding, etc 毋庸置疑;无差错或误解等: The blame rests fair and square onmy shoulders. 这一罪过着实地落在我的头上. fair e`nough (used esp as an interj 尤用作感叹语) (infml 口) (sometimes showing unwilling agreement) all right; I accept （有时用以表示勉强的同意）行, 好吧, 我接受. play `fair play or act fairly, following rules or accepted standards （遵循规则或公认的标准）公平地比赛或行事: Come on, you're not playing fair. 得了吧, 你这样做不公平.

/feə(r); fɛr/ n  1 market (esp for farm animals and farm products) held regularly in a particular place, often with entertainments 集市（尤指买卖牲口、农产品者, 在一固定地点定期举行, 常伴有娱乐表演）.  2 large-scale exhibition of commercial and industrial goods （商品及工业产品的）大型展览会; 博览会: a world fair 世界博览会 * a trade fair 交易会. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration.neat copy of a corrected document （修改後的）誊清本, 清稿: Please make a fair copy of this letter. 请把这封信誊写清楚.adj with light-coloured or blond hair 浅色毛发的; 金色毛发的.adj fair in judgement; not prejudiced 公正的; 不偏不倚的.(infml 口) adj slightly better than average 比一般稍好的.person who stops being a friend when one is in trouble 顺境中的朋友（不能共患难者）.n outdoor area where fun-fairs are held 露天游乐场./feəlɪ; `fɛrlɪ/ adv  1 in a fair manner; honestly 公平地; 公正地; 诚实地: You're not treating us fairly. 你对我们不公正.  2 (before adjs and advs 用于形容词和副词之前) to a certain extent; moderately 相当地; 适度地: This is a fairly easy book. 这是相当浅易的书. * We must leave fairly soon, ie before very long. 我们得快些离开.  3 completely; actually 完全地; 简直: Her suggestion fairly took me by surprise. 她的建议真叫我大吃一惊. * I fairly jumped for joy. 我简直高兴得跳了起来. * The time fairly raced by. 时间过得真快.  4 (idm 习语) fairly and squarely = fair and square (fair2).

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The adverbs fairly, quite, rather and pretty can all mean `moderately', `to some extent' or `not very' and are used to alter the strength of adjectives and adverbs. *fairly、quite、rather、pretty这几个副词均可表示｀适度地＇、｀在某种程度上＇或｀不很＇的意思, 常用以改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量. Fairly is the weakest and pretty the strongest and most informal, but their effect is very much influenced by intonation. *fairly词义最弱而pretty词义最强, 也最通俗, 但词义的强弱受语调的影响很大. Generally, the more any of these adverbs is stressed, the more negative the sentence sounds. 一般说来, 这类副词读得越重, 句子听起来否定含义就越强.  1 When rather or pretty is used with a positive quality, it can sound enthusiastic *rather或pretty与褒义词连用时, 听起来心情愉快: a rather/pretty good play 一出相 当好的戏. With a negative or variable quality they express disapproval 这两个词与贬义词或可褒可贬的词连用时, 表示不赞成或不满意: rather/pretty poor work 相当差的工作 *  I'm rather/pretty warm. 我很热. *  It's rather/pretty small/big. 这可太小[大]了.  2 Fairly is mostly used with positive qualities *fairly多与褒义词连用: fairly tidy, spacious, friendly, etc 挺整洁、宽敞、热情等 (compare 试比较: rather untidy, cramped, unfriendly, etc 很零乱、狭窄、冷淡等).  3 Only rather can be used with comparative expressions and too 只有rather可与比较级的词语和too连用: The house is rather bigger than we thought. 这所房子比我们想的大得多. *  These shoes are rather too small. 这双鞋未免太小了.  4 Rather and quite can precede the indefinite article when followed by an adjective + noun *rather和quite与｀不定冠词+形容词+名词＇连用时, 可置于不定冠词之前: rather/quite a nice day 十分晴朗的一天 *  a rather/quite/fairly/pretty nice day 十分晴朗的一天. See also note on usage at quite 另见所附用法./ˈfeəweɪ; `fɛrˌwe/ n  1 part of a golf-course between the tee and the green, kept free of rough grass （高尔夫球场上的）平坦球道（球座和草坪间剪平的草地）. =>illus at golf 见 golf 插图. Cf 参看 rough3 1.  2 channel that ships can sail through easily 航道; 水路./ˈfeərɪ; `fɛrɪ/ n  1 small imaginary being with magical powers 小仙子; 小精灵: [attrib 作定语] fairy voices, footsteps 娇美的声音、轻巧的脚步.  2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) male homosexual 男同性恋者.person who provides unexpected help 提供意外帮助的恩人.small coloured electric lights used as decoration （作装饰用的）彩色小灯.1 story about fairies, magic, etc, usu for children 神话故事; 童话: [attrib 作定语] Her marriage to the prince seemed like a fairy-tale romance. 她与王子结婚, 这事像是神话中的爱情故事.  2 untrue or incredible story; falsehood 不真实的或不可信的事; 谎言: `Now tell me the truth: I don't want any more of your fairy stories.' ｀把真相告诉我, 我不想再听你胡诌了.＇=> fairy story/-lnd; -ˌlænd/ n  1 home of fairies 仙界; 仙国.  2 (fig 比喻) beautiful or enchanted place 仙境; 奇境: The toy-shop is a fairyland for young children. 玩具店就是幼儿的乐园./ˌfeɪt əˈkɒmpliː; <i>US</i> əkɒmˈpliː; `fetəkɑm`pli/ (pl faits accomplis) (French 法) thing already done, that cannot be undone and is therefore not worth arguing about 既成事实: She married the man her parents disapproved of and presented them with a fait accompli. 她所嫁的人她父母并不满意, 但这已是既成事实./feɪθ; feθ/ n  1 [U] ~ (in sb/sth) trust; strong belief; unquestioning confidence 信任; 信仰; 信心: put one's faith in God 信仰上帝 * Have you any faith in what he says? 你相信他的话吗? * I haven't much faith in this medicine. 我对这种药没有多大信心. * I've lost faith in that fellow, ie I can no longer trust him. 我再也不相信那个家伙了.  2 [U, sing] strong belief, without proof, in God or in an established religion 宗教信仰: a strong faith 坚定的宗教信仰 * lose one's faith 失去对上帝的信仰 * Faith is stronger than reason. 宗教信仰比推理劝说更具威力.  3 [C] religion 宗教: the Christian, Jewish and Muslim faiths 基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教.  4 (idm 习语) break/keep faith with sb break/keep one's promise to sb; be disloyal/loyal to sb 对某人不守信用[守信用]; 对某人不忠诚[忠诚]. in good `faith with honest intentions 真诚地; 诚意地: She signed the letter in good faith, not realizing its implications. 她真心实意地在信上签了字, 没意识到其中另有含义. * He bought the painting in good faith, eg not realizing that it had been stolen. 他买这幅画时不虞内有跷蹊（如未想到是贼赃）.n [C], faith-healing n [U] cure, etc that depends on faith rather than on medicines or other treatment 信仰疗法. n./ˈfeɪθfl; `feθfəl/ adj  1 ~ (to sb/sth) loyal (to sb/sth) （对某人[某事]）忠实的: a faithful friend 忠实的朋友 * faithful to his beliefs 忠实于他的信仰 * She was always faithful to her husband, ie never had a sexual relationship with anyone else. 她对丈夫一直很忠诚.  2 [attrib 作定语] able to be trusted; conscientious 可信赖的; 认真的: a faithful worker 忠诚可靠的工作者 * a faithful correspondent, ie one who writes regularly 经常通信的人.  3 true to the facts; accurate 真实的; 正确的: a faithful copy, description, account, etc 精确的副本、描写、报道等./-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv  1 in a faithful manner 忠实地: The old nurse had served the family faithfully for thirty years. 老保姆为这个家庭忠实地服务了三十年. * He followed the instructions faithfully. 他严格遵守指令.  2 (idm 习语) yours faithfully => yours (your). =>Usage at your 用法见your.n [U]./ˈfeɪθlɪs; `feθlɪs/ adj not trustworthy; not loyal 不可靠的; 不忠实的: a faithless friend, wife, ally, etc 不忠实的朋友、妻子、盟邦等. adv. n [U]./feɪk; fek/ n (a) object (eg a work of art) that seems genuine but is not 膺品（如伪造的艺术品）: That's not a real diamond necklace, it's just a fake! 那不是真钻石项链, 是假的! Cf 参看 counterfeit, forgery (forge2). (b) person who tries to deceive by pretending to be what he is not 骗子; 冒充者: He looked like a postman but he was really a fake. 他看上去像个邮递员, 但实际上是假冒的.

adj not genuine 假的; 伪造的: fake furs, jewellery, etc 假的毛皮、珠宝等 * a fake policeman 假冒的警察.

v [Tn]  1 make (sth false) so that it seems genuine 伪造（某物）: He faked his father's signature. 他伪造父亲的签字. * Her whole story had been faked, ie was completely untrue. 她的话全都是编造的.  2 pretend (sth); feign 假装（某事物）; 佯装: fake surprise, grief, illness 装出吃惊、悲伤、患病的样子. n./ˈfeɪkɪə(r); <i>US</i> fəˈk-; fə`kɪr/ n  1 Hindu religious beggar regarded as a holy man （印度教中视为圣者的）托钵僧, 行者.  2 member of a Muslim holy sect who lives by begging （伊斯兰教的）托钵僧./ˈfɔːlkən; <i>US</i> ˈfælkən; `fælkən/ n small bird of prey 猎鹰.n (a) person who trains falcons to hunt and kill other birds or animals for sport 训练猎鹰者. (b) person who keeps trained falcons 养猎鹰者./-rɪ; -rɪ/ n [U] (a) sport of hunting with falcons 放鹰捕猎; 鹰猎. (b) art of breeding and training falcons 猎鹰饲养术; 猎鹰训练术./fɔːl; fɔl/ v (pt fell / fel; fZl/, pp fallen / 5fR:lEn; `fRlEn/) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; descend or drop 落下; 跌落; 降落; 掉下: The rain was falling steadily. 雨不停地下着. * The leaves fall in autumn. 秋天树叶凋落. * He slipped and fell ten feet. 他失足自十英尺高处跌了下来. * That parcel contains glass  don't let it fall. 那包裹里有玻璃制品--别掉在地上. * The book fell off the table onto the floor. 那本书从桌上掉到地上. * He fell into the river. 他掉进河里了. * I need a new bicycle lamp  my old one fell off and broke. 我需要一个新的自行车车灯--旧的摔破了.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) come as if by dropping suddenly; descend 突然降临; 来临: A sudden silence fell. 突然静了下来. * Darkness falls quickly in the tropics. 热带地区天黑得很快. * Fear fell upon them. 他们突然感到很害怕.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down/over) stop standing, esp suddenly; collapse 倒下（尤指突然间）; 倒塌: Many trees fell in the storm. 在那场暴风雨中有许多树都倒了. * He fell on his knees (ie knelt down) and begged for mercy. 他跪下求饶. * The toddler tried to walk but kept falling down. 那小孩学着走路但老是跌跤. * She fell over and broke her leg. 她跌倒後摔折了腿. * (fig 比喻) Six wickets fell (ie Six batsmen in cricket were dismissed) before lunch. 午饭前有六个板球击球员被杀出局.  4 [Ipr] hang down 垂下; 低垂: Her hair fell over her shoulders in a mass of curls. 她的鬈发披在肩上. * His beard fell to his chest. 他的胡须垂到胸前.  5 [I] decrease in amount, number or intensity （数量、数目）下降; （强度）变弱: Prices fell on the stock market. 股市行情下跌. * Her spirits fell (ie She became sad) at the bad news. 她听到这坏消息後情绪很低落. * Her voice fell as they entered the room. 他们走进房间时她的声音低了下来. * The temperature fell sharply in the night. 夜间温度急剧下降.  6 [I, Ip] ~ (away/off) slope downwards 向下倾斜: Beyond the hill, the land falls (away) sharply towards the river. 山那边地面呈陡坡向河边倾斜.  7 [I] (a) lose one's position, office or power; be defeated 失去地位、职位或权力; 垮台: The government fell after the revolution. 政府在那场革命之後垮台了. (b) die in battle; be shot 阵亡; 被击毙: Half the regiment fell before the enemy onslaught. 在敌军猛攻下, 这个团有一半人阵亡了. * Six tigers fell to his rifle. 他用步枪射倒了六只老虎. (c) (of a fortress, city, etc) be captured （指要塞、城市等）沦陷, 失守: Troy finally fell (to the Greeks). 特洛伊最终被（希腊人）攻陷.  8 [I] (dated 旧) sin; do wrong 犯罪; 堕落: Eve tempted Adam and he fell. 夏娃诱惑亚当, 结果他犯了罪.  9 [Ipr] ~ on/over sth take the direction or position specified 朝某方向; 占据某位置: Which syllable does the stress of this word fall on? 这个字的重音是在哪个音节上? * My eye fell on (ie I suddenly saw) a curious object. 我突然看见一个奇怪的东西. * A shadow fell over the room. 有个影子映入室内.  10 [La, Ln, Ipr] ~ (into sth) pass into a specified state; become 进入某种状态; 变成: fall asleep 入睡 * The horse fell lame. 那马瘸了. * He fell silent. 他静了下来. * Has she fallen ill again? 她又病了吗? * When does the rent fall due? ie When must it be paid? 租金何时到期? * She fell an easy prey to his charm. 她一下子被他迷住了. * He fell into a doze, ie began to doze. 他打起瞌睡来了. * The house fell into decay. 那房子腐朽了.  11 [I, Ipr] happen or occur; have as a date 发生; 适逢（一日期）: Easter falls early this year. 今年的复活节来得早. * Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一.  12 [I, Ipr] be spoken 被说出: I guessed what was happening from a few words she let fall, ie from what she said. 我从她说的几句话中猜出发生什么事了. * Not a word fell from his lips. 他什么话也没说.  13 (For idioms containing fall, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与fall搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 fall in love (with sb) => love1; fall flat => flat3.)  14 (phr v) fall about (infml 口) laugh uncontrollably 无法控制地大笑: We all fell about (laughing/with laughter) when he did his imitation of the tea-lady. 看到他模仿女勤杂工的样子, 我们全笑得前仰後合, 无法自制.

/fɔːl; fɔl/ n  1 [C] act or instance of falling 落下; 跌落; 降落; 掉下: I had a fall (from a horse) and broke my arm. 我（从马上）跌下来把胳膊摔断了. * That was a nasty fall. 这一跤摔得不轻.  2 ~ (of sth) (a) [C] amount of sth that falls or has fallen 某物降落的数量: a heavy fall of snow/rain 一场大雪[大雨] * a fall of rock(s) 落下的岩石. (b) [C esp sing 尤作单数] distance through which sb/sth falls or descends 降落的距离; 落差: a fall of twenty feet 下落二十英尺 * a twenty-foot fall 二十英尺的落差.  3 [C] decrease in value, quantity, intensity, etc 价值、数量、强度等的降低: a steep fall in prices 价格的暴跌 * a fall in the numbers attending 出席人数的减少.  4 [sing] ~ (of sth) (esp political) defeat; collapse （尤指政治方面的）失败; 垮台: the fall of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的灭亡 * The fall of the Government resulted in civil war. 政府倒台导致内战爆发.  5 [C] (US) = autumn: in the fall of 1970 在1970年的秋季 * several falls ago 几年之前 * [attrib 作定语] fall fashions 秋季式样.  6 (a) [C] ~ (from sth) loss of innocence or a state of goodness 堕落; 变坏: a fall from grace 失宠. (b) the Fall [sing] (Bible 圣经) loss of mankind's innocence following the disobedience of Adam and Eve （亚当和夏娃偷食禁果後）人类的堕落.  7 [C] (usu pl, esp in geographical names 通常作复数, 尤用于地名中) large amount of water falling down from a height; waterfall 瀑布: The falls upstream are full of salmon. 该瀑布上流有许多大麻哈鱼. * Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布.  8 (idm 习语) pride comes/goes before a fall => pride. ride for a fall => ride2.break; fall to pieces; disintegrate 破裂; 破碎; 散开: My car is falling apart. 我的汽车要散架了. * Their marriage finally fell apart. 他们的婚姻终于破裂了.(a) desert; leave 遗弃; 离开: His supporters fell away as his popularity declined. 在他声望下降时许多支持他的人都疏远了他. (b) disappear; vanish 消失: In a crisis, old prejudices fall away and everyone works together. 在危急关头, 大家就能捐弃前嫌, 同心协力. move or turn back; retreat 後退; 撤退; 退却: The enemy fell back as our troops advanced. 我军前进, 敌军後退. fall back on sb/sth (be able to) go to sb for support or use sth when in difficulty 有困难时（能）求助于某人, 依靠某事物: At least we can fall back on candles if the electricity fails. 停电时我们至少可以使用蜡烛. * She's completely homeless  at least I have my parents to fall back on. 她是真正无家可归--我至少有父母可依靠.be overtaken (by sb/sth); fail to keep level (with sb/sth) 落後于（某人[某事物]）: The major world powers are afraid of falling behind in the arms race. 世界各大强国均惟恐在军备竞赛中落後. * France has fallen behind (Germany) in coal production. 法国在产煤方面落後（于德国）了. fall behind with sth fail to pay for sth or to do sth for a period of time 逾期不为某事物付款或不做某事: Don't fall behind with the rent, or you'll be evicted. 不要逾期不缴房租, 否则会被逐出. * I've fallen behind with my correspondence. 我积压了许多信没回.be shown to be false or inadequate; collapse 显示不实或不足; 崩溃; 失败: The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive. 这项计划因费用过高而告吹. fall down on sth (infml 口) fail to do sth properly or successfully 没有把某事做好: fall down on one's promises 未履行自己的诺言 * He fell down on the job. 他未能把这件工作做好.(infml 口) be attracted to sb; fall in love with sb 被某人所吸引; 爱上某人; 迷恋: They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later. 他们俩一见倾心, 六个星期後就结了婚. fall for sth (infml 口) allow oneself to be persuaded by sth, esp unwisely 相信某事（尤指不智）: The salesman said the car was in good condition, and I was foolish enough to fall for it. 推销员说这辆汽车状况良好, 而我那么傻竟然信以为真./ˈfɔːl gaɪ; `fɔl ˌˇaɪ/ (esp US) (a) = scapegoat. (b) person who is easily tricked or fooled 易上当的人; 易受愚弄的人.collapse 塌陷; 倒塌: The roof of the tunnel fell in. 隧道顶部塌了下来. fall (sb) in (cause sb to) form a military formation; (cause sb to) go on parade （使某人）排成军事队形; （使某人）集合: The sergeant ordered his men to fall in 中士命令士兵集合. fall in with sb/sth (a) meet sb by chance; join sb; become involved with sb/sth 偶遇某人; 与某人在一起; 与某人[某事物]牵涉在一起: He fell in with bad company. 他交上了损友. (b) agree to or show support for sb/sth 同意或支持（某人[某事物]）: She fell in with my idea at once. 她立即同意了我的意见.(a) be able to be divided into sth 可分为: The lecture series falls naturally into three parts. 该系列讲座可自然分作三部分. (b) develop or acquire sth 养成; 染上: fall into bad habits 养成坏习惯. (c) be trapped by sth 落入圈套: We played a trick on them and they fell right into it. 我们设了个圈套, 他们就正好中计.decrease in quantity or quality 数量或质量下降: Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. 听我讲课的人已大大减少了. * It used to be my favourite restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently. 那是我以前最喜欢的饭馆, 但近来烹饪水平已大不如前了.(a) attack sb/sth fiercely 猛烈攻击某人[某事物]: Bandits fell on the village and robbed many inhabitants. 土匪袭击了那座村庄, 抢劫了许多村民的财物. * (fig 比喻) The children fell on the food and ate it greedily. 孩子们争先恐後地抢到食物, 狼吞虎咽地吃起来. (b) be borne or incurred by sb 由某人承担或负担: The full cost of the wedding fell on me. 婚礼的全部费用都由我负担.happen; occur 发生: We were pleased with the way things fell out. 我们对事情的进展感到高兴. fall (sb) out (cause to) leave military formation; go or send (sb) off parade （使某人）离开军事队形, 解散: The men fell out quickly after their march. 士兵在列队行进之後, 很快便解散了. fall out (with sb) quarrel (with sb) （与某人）争吵: They fell out with each other just before their marriage. 他们就在举行婚礼之前吵了起来.stumble or trip after hitting sb/sth with one's feet when walking, etc 在行走...时脚碰到某人[某物]而打趔趄或跌倒. fall over oneself be very clumsy 动作笨拙: He was an awkward child, always falling over himself and breaking things. 他是个笨拙的孩子, 经常笨手笨脚地把东西摔破. fall over oneself to do sth (infml 口) be specially eager to do or achieve sth 想方设法做某事或获取某事物: People were falling over themselves to be introduced to the visiting film star. 人们千方百计地想把自己介绍给到访的影星.fail to be completed; come to nothing 落空; 成为泡影: Our holiday plans fell through because of transport strikes. 我们的假期计画因运输业工人罢工而成泡影.begin (to do sth) 开始（做某事）: They fell to (eating) with great gusto. 他们开始津津有味地大吃起来. * She fell to brooding about what had happened to her. 她开始沉思默想自己的遭遇. fall to sb (to do sth) become the duty or responsibility of sb 成为某人的义务或责任: It fell to me to inform her of her son's death. 要把她儿子死亡的消息告诉她, 这责任落在了我的肩上. be classified among sth 列入某项下: What heading do these items fall under? 这几项应列在哪个标题下面?n [U] radioactive waste carried in the air after a nuclear explosion （核爆炸後大气中的）放射尘./fəˈleɪʃəs; fə`leʃəs/ adj misleading; based on error 令人误解的; 谬误的: fallacious reasoning 错误的推理. adv./ˈfæləsɪ; `fæləsɪ/ n  1 [C] false or mistaken belief 错误的见解; 谬见: It's a fallacy to suppose that wealth brings happiness. 认为财富能带来幸福, 这是一种错误的见解.  2 [U] false reasoning or argument 错误的推论; 谬论: a statement based on fallacy 基于错误推理的说法.pp of fall1./ˌfæləˈbɪlətɪ; ˌfælə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈfæləbl; `fæləbl/ adj liable to make mistakes 易犯错误的: We are fallible beings. 我们都难免犯错误. = shooting star (shoot1)./fəˌləʊpɪən ˈtjuːb; <i>US</i> ˈtuːb; fə`lopɪən`tub/ (anatomy 解) either of the two tubes along which egg-cells move from the ovaries to the womb 输卵管. =>illus at female 见female插图.

/fəˌləʊpɪən ˈtjuːb; <i>US</i> ˈtuːb; fə`lopɪən`tub/ (anatomy 解) either of the two tubes along which egg-cells move from the ovaries to the womb 输卵管. =>illus at female 见 female 插图./ˈfæləʊ; `fælo/ adj (of land) ploughed but left unplanted to restore its fertility （指耕地）犁过而未耕种的, 休闲的: allow land to lie fallow 让耕地休闲.

n [U] fallow land 休闲地; 休耕地./ˈfæləʊ dɪə(r); `fælo dɪr/ (pl unchanged 复数不变) small Eurasian deer with a brownish-yellow coat that has white spots in summer 黄占鹿（欧亚地区产的一种小鹿, 毛皮呈棕黄色, 夏季有白斑）./fɔːls; fɔls/ adj  1 wrong; incorrect 错误的; 不正确的: sing a false note 唱错音符 * `A whale is a fish. True or false?' ｀鲸鱼是一种鱼. 对还是错?＇  2 (a) not genuine; artificial 假的; 人造的: false hair, teeth, etc 假发、假牙. (b) sham; pretended 冒充的; 假装的: false modesty 假谦虚 * false tears 虚伪的眼泪. (c) [usu attrib 通常作定语] misleading; not what it appears 引起误会的; 与外观不符的: a false sense of security, ie feeling safe when one is really in danger 虚假的安全感 * false economy 不合算的节约 * give a false impression of great wealth 给人造成很富有的假像 * hounds following a false scent 沿着误入歧途的臭迹追踪的猎狗. (d) deliberately made incorrect in order to deceive 弄虚作假的; 伪造的: false weights, scales, dice, etc 假的砝码、天平、色子等 * a false passport 假护照 * a false bottom, ie the disguisedbottom of a suitcase, etc concealing a secret compartment（手提箱等秘密藏物用的）假底.  3 deliberately meant to deceive; lying 有意欺骗的; 不诚实的; 虚妄的: false evidence 伪证 * present false claims to an insurance company 向保险公司提出伪造的索赔要求.  4 ~ (to sb) unfaithful; disloyal 不忠实的; 无信义的: a false friend/lover 不忠实的朋友[情人].  5 [attrib 作定语] inaccurately named 命名不准确的: the false acacia, ie not really an acacia tree, despite its name 刺槐（非真正的金合欢树）.  6 (idm 习语) a false a`larm warning or panic about sth which does not happen 虚假的警报; 虚惊: The rumours of a petrol shortage turned out to be a false alarm. 汽油短缺的谣传原来是一场虚惊. (make) a false `move unwise or forbidden action that may have unpleasant consequences （可能带来不良後果的）不明智的或不允许的行为: `One false move and you're a dead man,' snarled the robber. 那强盗厉声叫道: ｀不许动, 不然就打死你.＇ (make) a false `start (a) (in athletics) start made before the signal (eg for a race) has been given （运动中）抢在信号令前行动（如赛跑中的抢跑）. (b) unsuccessful beginning 不顺利的开端: After several false starts, she became a successful journalist. 她开始时遇到几次挫折, 後来才成为能干的记者. (take) a false `step (make) a wrong move or action 失足; 失策: A false step could have cost the climbers their lives. 爬山者一失足就会丧命. in a false po`sition in circumstances which result in sb being misunderstood or acting against his principles 处于被人误解的地位; 处于违背自己的原则的境地. on/under false pre`tences pretending to be sb else or to have certain qualifications, etc in order to deceive 冒充某人或冒充有某资格以行骗: obtaining money on false pretences 以诈骗手段骗钱. strike/sound a false `note say or do the wrong thing 说错话[做错事]: He struck a false note when he arrived for the wedding in old clothes. 他做错了一件事, 不该穿旧衣服去参加婚礼. (sail) under false `colours (a) (of a ship) displaying a flag which it has no right to use （指船）挂着伪旗（航行）. (b) pretending or appearing to be different from what one really is 冒充的; 披着伪装骗人的.

adv (idm 习语) play sb `false deceive or cheat sb 欺骗某人./ˈfɔːlshʊd; `fɔlshᴜd/ n (fml 文)  1 [C] untrue statement; lie 不实之辞; 谎言: How can you utter such falsehoods? 你怎能说出这种假话?  2 [U] telling lies; lying 说假话; 撒谎: guilty of falsehood 犯了说谎的错误.adv.n [U]./ˈfɔːlsɪz; `fɔlsɪz/ n [pl] (infml 口) pads or material to make the breasts seem larger 假乳房（用以使乳房显得丰满的衬垫）./ˈfɔːlsətɪ; `fɔlsətɪ/ n (a) [U] falsehood; error 谬误; 错误. (b) [C] instance of this 谬误; 错误./ˈfɔːltə(r); `fɔltɚ/ v [I]  1 move, walk or act hesitantly, usu because of weakness, fear or indecision 摇晃, 蹒跚, 迟疑（通常因衰弱、恐惧或犹豫）: Jane walked boldly up to the platform without faltering. 简沉着大胆地走上讲台.  2 (a) (of the voice) waver （指嗓音）颤抖: His voice faltered as he tried to speak. 他张口说话时, 声音发颤了. (b) speak hesitantly 结巴地说; 支吾地说: The lecturer faltered after dropping his notes.那讲师讲稿掉了以後言语就结巴了. /ˈfɔːltərɪŋlɪ; `fɔltərɪŋlɪ/ adv./feɪm; fem/ n [U] (condition of) being known or talked about by many people 名声; 名气; 声誉: achieve fame and fortune 获取名利 * The young musician rose quickly to fame. 那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名. adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth): famed for their courage 以他们的勇敢着称./fəˈmɪlɪə(r); fə`mɪljɚ/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth having a good knowledge of sth 对某事物熟悉; 通晓: facts with which every schoolboy is familiar 小 学生都熟悉的事实 * I am not very familiar with botanical names. 我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称.  2 ~ (to sb) well known (to sb); often seen or heard 为（某人）所熟知的; 经常见到或听到的: facts that are familiar to every schoolboy 小学生都熟悉的事实 * the familiar scenes of one's childhood 儿时常见的情景 * the familiar voices of one's friends 朋友的熟悉的声音.  3 ~ (with sb) friendly and informal 友好的; 不拘礼节的: She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way. 她和他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名. * I'm on familiar terms with my bank manager. 我与银行经理交情很好.  4 ~ (with sb) too informal; more friendly and informal than is acceptable 过分亲密的; 冒失的: The children are too familiar with their teacher. 这帮小学生对老师过于随便.

n close friend or spirit 密友; 挚友; （供女巫等差遣）的精灵: a witch's familiar 供女巫差遣的精灵.=> familiarization=> familiarize/fəˌmɪlɪˈærətɪ; fəˌmɪlɪ`ærətɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ with sth good knowledge of sth （对某事物的）熟悉, 通晓: His familiarity with the local languages surprised me. 他对当地各种语言如此精通令我吃惊.  2 (a) [U] ~ (to/towards sb) (esp excessively) friendly informality （尤指过分地）亲密而不拘礼仪: You should not address your teacher with such familiarity. 你不应该这样冒失地称呼老师. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] instance of this; act that lacks formality 冒失; 不拘礼节的行为: Try to discourage such familiarities from your subordinates. 不要让下属对你这样不拘礼节.  3 (idm 习语) familiarity breeds con`tempt (saying 谚) knowing sb/sth very well may lead to a loss of respect, fear, etc 亲昵生狎侮（过分亲密易生侮慢之心）./fəˌmɪlɪəraɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃ -rɪˈz-; fəˌmɪljərə`zeʃən/ n [U]./fəˈmɪlɪəraɪz; fə`mɪljəˌraɪz/ v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself with sth give sb/acquire a thorough knowledge of sth 使某人[自己]熟悉某事物: familiarizing oneself with a foreign language, the use of a new tool, the rules of a game 熟悉一门外语、新工具的用法、比赛的规则. adv in a familiar manner; informally 亲密地; 不拘礼节地: William, familiarly known as Billy 威廉, 昵称比利./ˈfæməlɪ; `fæməlɪ/ n  1 (a) [CGp] group consisting of parents and their children 家; 家庭: Almost every family in the village owns a television. 村上几乎每家都有电视机. * All my family enjoy skiing. 我全家都喜欢滑雪. * He's a friend of the family, ie is known and liked by the parents and their children. 他是那家的朋友. (b) [CGp] group consisting of parents, their children and close relatives 家庭成员及关系密切的亲戚: the Royal Family, ie the children and close relatives of the Sovereign 王室 * All our family came to our grandfather's eightieth birthday party. 我们全家和所有的亲戚都来参加祖父的八十岁寿宴. (c) [attrib 作定语] suitable for all members of this group to enjoy together, regardless of age 适合全家大小一起欣赏的: a family film 适合全家大小一起看的电影 * family entertainment 适合全家大小一起参加的娱乐.  2 [CGp, U] person's children 子女: Give my regards to Mr and Mrs Jones and family. 代我向琼斯夫妇及其子女问好. * Do they have any family? 他们有儿女吗? * They have a large family. 他们子女很多.  3 (a) [CGp] all the people descended from a common ancestor 家族: Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years. 有些家族在该地区务农已达数百年. * She comes from a famous family. 她出生于名门望族. * [attrib 作定语] the family estate 家族的地产 * the family jewels 家传的珠宝. (b) [U] ancestry 家世; 世系: a man of good family 家世很好的人.  4 [C] (a) group of related genera of animals or plants （动植物的）科: Lions belong to the cat family. 狮子属于猫科动物. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9, genus 1, species 1. (b) group of things (eg languages) with common features and a common source 具有相同特徵和同一来源的一组事物（如语言）: the Indo-European family of languages 印欧语系.  5 (idm 习语) (put sb/be) in the family way (infml 口) (make sb/be) pregnant （使某人）怀孕的. run in the `family be a feature that keeps coming back in different generations of a family 为某家族中各代人呈现出的共有特徵; 世代相传: Red hair runs in his family. 他家族的人头发都是红色的. start a family => start2.friendly group of close relatives 家庭圈子（关系密切的亲戚）.general practitioner normally consulted by a family 家庭医生.physical resemblance between members of a family 家庭成员间外貌的相像: This must be your brother: I can see a family likeness. 这位一定是你哥哥, 我看你们长得很像.man who has a wife and children, and enjoys home life 有妻室儿女并喜欢家庭生活的男子.surname 姓. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1.planning the number of children, intervals between births, etc in a family by using birth-control 计划生育.diagram that shows the relationship between different members of a family 家谱; 家谱图. =>App 8 见附录8./ˈfæmɪn; `fæmɪn/ n [C, U] (instance of) extreme scarcity of food in a region 饥荒: a famine in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的饥荒 * The long drought was followed by months of famine. 久旱之後出现长达数月的饥荒./ˈfæmɪʃt; `fæmɪʃt/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) very hungry 非常饿: When's lunch? I'm famished! 什么时候吃午饭? 我都快饿死了!/ˈfeɪməs; `feməs/ adj  1 ~ (for sth) known to very many people; celebrated 出名的; 着名的: Paris is a famous city. 巴黎是着名的城市. * New York is famous for its skyscrapers. 纽约以其摩天大楼驰名. * She is famous as a writer. 她是着名的作家.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) excellent 极好的: We've won a famous victory. 我们赢得了辉煌的胜利.  3 (idm 习语) famous last words (joc catchphrase 谑, 警语) (said when sb has made an important, optimistic, etc statement which may turn out to be untrue and which he may regret saying 有人说出重要的、胸有成竹之类的话, 但却可能不确而使说话的人自觉悔不该言, 此时用此词组).adv (infml 口) extremely well 极好: The two children got on famously. 两个孩子相处得极好./fæn; fæn/ n =>illus 见插图.  1 (a) object, often shaped like a semicircle, held in the hand and waved to create a current of cool air 扇子. (b) thing spread or shaped like a fan, eg the tail of a peacock 扇状物（如孔雀开屏状）.  2 device with rotating blades, operated mechanically to create a current of cool air 电扇: It's so hot  please turn the fan on. 这么热--请把电扇打开.

/fæn; fæn/ v (-nn-)  1 [Tn] make a current of air blow onto (sb/sth) with or as if with a fan 　（某人[某物]）: cool one's face by fanning it with a newspaper 用报纸　风使脸凉快 * fan a fire, ie to make it burn more strongly 　火.  2 [Tn] blow gently on (sb/sth) 徐徐吹在（某人[某物]）上: The breeze fanned our faces. 微风轻轻吹在我们的脸上.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) spread (esp playing-cards) in the form of a fan 展成扇形（尤指纸牌）: He fanned (out) the cards in his hand before playing. 他出牌前先把纸牌在手里展成扇形.  4 (idm 习语) fan the flames (of sth) make (emotions, etc) stronger or (activity) more intense 煽动（情绪等）; 使（行动）更为激烈: Her wild behaviour merely fanned the flames of his jealousy. 她那放肆的举动把他的妒火完全煽起.  5 (phr v) fan out (esp of soldiers) spread out from a central point （尤指士兵）作扇形散开: The troops fanned out as they advanced. 部队向前推进时呈扇形散开.

/fæn; fæn/ n enthusiastic admirer or supporter of sth/sb 迷（某人[某事物]的热情崇拜者或拥护者）: football, jazz, cinema fans 足球迷、爵士乐迷、影迷.belt driving the fan that cools the radiator of a car, etc 风扇皮带（带动汽车等散热器风扇的皮带）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.organized group of a person's admirers 崇拜者俱乐部（由某人的崇拜者所组成的组织）.device that blows hot air into a room 风扇式空气加热器.letters from fans to the person they admire 崇拜者寄给心中偶像的信./fəˈnætɪk; fə`nætɪk/ n person who is too enthusiastic about sth, esp religion or politics 狂热者（尤指在宗教或政治方面）: a religious, political fanatic 宗教狂、政治狂 * model train fanatics 对模型火车入迷的人.adj ~ (about sth) obsessively enthusiastic 狂热的: a fanatic jogger 极喜欢慢跑的人 * She's fanatical about keeping fit. 她如醉如痴地注重健美. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./-tɪsɪzəm; -təˌsɪzəm/ n [U, C] great or obsessive enthusiasm 狂热; 入迷./ˈfænsɪə(r); `fænsɪɚ/ n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person with a special interest in and love for sth 对某事物有特殊兴趣和爱好的人: a `dog-fancier 玩赏狗的人 * a `pigeon-fancier 喜爱养鸽子的人./ˈfænsɪfl; `fænsɪfəl/ adj  1 (of people) using the imagination rather than reason （指人）富于幻想的: Children are very fanciful. 儿童都很富于幻想.  2 (of things) designed or decorated in an odd but creative manner （指物）设计或装饰新颖奇特的. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./ˈfænsɪ; `fænsɪ/ n  1 [U] power of the mind to imagine (esp unreal things) 想像力（尤指对非现实的事物）: the novelist's fancy 小说家的想像力.  2 [C] thing imagined 想像之物: Did I really hear someone come in, or was it only a fancy? 我是真听到有人进来还是仅仅是幻觉而已? * I have a fancy (ie a vague idea) that he will be late. 我感觉他要迟到.  3 [sing] ~ (for sth) desire; liking 渴望; 喜爱: I have a fancy for some wine tonight. 我今晚想喝点酒.  4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] small decorated cake 带装饰的小蛋糕: fancies served with coffee 佐咖啡的漂亮小蛋糕.  5 (idm 习语) catch/take sb's fancy please or attract sb 合某人的心意; 吸引某人: She saw a dress in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately. 她看见商店橱窗里的一件连衣裙, 立刻觉得很合心意. a flight of fancy => flight1. take a fancy to sb/sth become fond of sb/sth, often without an obvious reason 喜欢上、爱上某人[某物]（常无明显原因）: I've suddenly taken a fancy to detective stories. 我突然喜欢上了侦探小说.

/ˈfænsɪ; `fænsɪ/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (esp of small things) brightly coloured; made to please the eye or taste （尤指小东西）色彩鲜艳的, 悦目的, 可口的: fancy cakes/goods 精美的蛋糕[物品].  2 not plain or ordinary; unusual 有装饰的; 不寻常的; 精致的: That's a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋!  3 extravagant or exaggerated 过度的; 过分的: fancy ideas, prices 过分的想法、高昂的价格.  4 (esp US) (of food, etc) above average quality （指食物等）精选的, 精美的: fancy vegetables 精选的蔬菜.  5 [attrib 作定语] bred for particular points of beauty 因珍奇而特别培育的: fancy dogs, pigeons, etc 品种珍奇的狗、鸽子等.

/ˈfænsɪ; `fænsɪ/ v (pt, pp fancied)  1 [Tf] think or believe (sth); imagine 想; 以为; 想像: I fancy (that) it's going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨. * He fancies she likes him. 他以为她喜欢他. * He fancied he heard footsteps behind him. 他好像听到身後有脚步声.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) have a desire or wish for (sth); want 渴望或希望得到（某事物）; 想要: I fancy a cup of tea. 我想来杯茶. * What do you fancy for supper? 你晚饭喜欢吃什么?  3 [Tn] (Brit infml 口) find (sb) attractive 喜爱（某人）: He rather fancies her. 他很喜欢她.  4 [I, Tn, Tg, Tsg] (usu imperative, expressing surprise, disbelief, shock, etc 通常用于祈使句, 表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等): Fancy that! 多奇怪呀! * Just fancy! 真想不到! * Fancy her being so rude! 她竟如此放肆! * Fancy never having seen the sea! 竟然从未见过大海!  5 (idm 习语) fancy oneself (as sth) (infml 口) have a very high opinion of oneself; be conceited 自命不凡; 自负: She rather fancies herself as a singer. 她自以为是了不起的歌手.unusual costume, often historical or fantastic, worn at parties 聚会时所穿的奇装异服（常为有历史特色或别具一格的）: [attrib 作定语] a fancy dress ball 化装舞会.(derog or joc infml 贬或谑, 口) person's lover 情夫; 情妇; 情人.=> fancy manadj [usu pred 通常作表语]  1 not in love; not committed to anything 未在恋爱中; 不受束缚.  2 (idm 习语) footloose and fancy-free => footloose (foot1)./fænˈdæŋgəʊ; fæn`dæŋˇo/ n (pl ~es)  1 (music for a) lively Spanish or S American dance 方丹戈舞（西班牙或南美的轻快舞蹈）; 方丹戈舞曲.  2 nonsense 愚蠢的举动; 胡闹: Politics before an election can be quite a fandango. 选举前的政治活动简直可以说是胡闹一通./ˈfænfeə(r); `fænˌfɛr/ n short ceremonial piece of music, usu played on trumpets 仪式上用的短曲（通常用小号吹奏）: A fanfare was played as the queen entered. 女王驾到时, 小号奏起欢迎乐曲./fæŋ; fæŋ/ n  1 long sharp tooth, esp of dogs and wolves 长而尖的牙（尤指狗和狼的）: The dog growled and showed its fangs. 那狗狺狺狂吠, 露出了尖牙.  2 snake's tooth with which it injects poison （蛇的）毒牙.  3 (idm 习语) draw sb's/sth's teeth/fangs => draw2./ˈfænlaɪt; `fænˌlaɪt/ n small window above a door or another window 气窗（门或窗户上方的小窗）./ˈfænɪ; `fænɪ/ n  1 (Brit <!> sl 讳, 俚) female sex organs 女性生殖器.  2 (sl 俚 esp US) buttocks 屁股./fænˈteɪzɪə; <i>US</i> -ˈteɪʒə; fæn`teʒə/ n (also fantasy) imaginative musical or other composition with no fixed form 幻想曲.=> fantasize/ˈfæntəsaɪz; `fæntəˌsaɪz/ v [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about sth) imagine or create a fantasy; daydream 想像; 幻想; 做白日梦: He liked to fantasize that he had won a gold medal. 他好想入非非, 觉得自己赢了一块金牌./fænˈtæstɪk; fæn`tæstɪk/ adj  1 (a) wild and strange 荒诞的; 奇异的: fantastic dreams, stories 荒诞的梦、故事. (b) impossible to carry out; not practical 无法实现的; 不实际的: fantastic schemes, proposals, etc 不实际的计画、建议等.  2 (infml 口) marvellous; excellent 了不起的; 极好的: She's a fantastic swimmer. 她游泳游得非常好. * You passed your test? Fantastic! 你测验及格了? 太棒了!  3 (infml 口) very large; extraordinary 巨大的; 异乎寻常的: Their wedding cost a fantastic amount ofmoney. 他们的婚礼花费了很大一笔钱. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: You did fantastically well in the exam. 你考得非常好./ˈfæntəsɪ; `fæntəsɪ/ n  1 [U] imagination or fancy1(2), esp when completely unrelated to reality 想像, 幻想（尤指完全脱离实际的）: [attrib 作定语] live in a fantasy world 生活在幻想世界中.  2 [C] product of the imagination; wild or unrealistic notion 幻想出来的东西; 荒诞的或不现实的念头: sexual fantasies 性幻想 * Stop looking for the perfect job  it's just a fantasy. 别想找十全十美的工作了--那简直是幻想.  3 [C] = fantasia./ˌef eɪ ˈəʊ; `ɛf e `o/ abbr 缩写 = Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) （联合国）粮食及农业组织./fɑː(r); fɑr/ adj (farther / 5fB:TE(r); `fBrTL/ or further / 5f\:TE(r); `f[TL/, farthest / 5fB:TIst; `fBrTIst/ or furthest / 5f\:TIst; `f[TIst/) [attrib 作定语]  1 (dated or fml 旧或文) distant 远的; 远方的: a far country 远方的国家 * to journey into far regions 到远方去旅行.  2 more remote 较远的: at the far end of the street 在街的那一头 * on the far bank of the river 在河的彼岸 * She's on the far right, ie holds extreme right-wing views. 她持极右观点.  3 (idm 习语) a far cry from sth/doing sth (infml 口) a very different experience from sth/doing sth 与某事物[做某事物]大不相同: Life on a farm is a far cry from what I've been used to. 农场生活与我已过惯的日子迥然不同.

/fɑː(r); fɑr/ adv (farther/ 5fB:TE(r); `fBrTL/ or further/ 5f\:TE(r); `f[TL/, farthest/ 5fB:TIst; `fBrTIst/ or furthest/ 5f\:TIst; `f[TIst/)  1 (usu in questions and negative sentences 通常用于疑问句和否定句) (of space) at or to a great distance （指空间）远: How far is it to London from here? 从这里到伦敦有多远? (Cf 参看 London's a long way from here. 伦敦离这里很远.) * How far have we walked? 我们走了多远了? (Cf 参看 We've walked only a short way. 我们只走了一小段路程.) * We didn't go far. 我们没有走远.  2 (preceding particles and preps 用于小品词和介词前) (a) (of space) by a great distance （指空间）远: far above the clouds 远在云层之上 * not far from here 离这里不远 * far beyond the bridge 远在桥那边 * Call me if you need me; I won't be far away/off. 需要我时叫我一声, 我不到远处去. (b) (of time) a long way （指时间）久, 远: far back in history 在历史上久远的 * as far back as 1902 远在1902年 * events that will happen far in the future 很久以後将发生的事 * We danced far into the night. 我们跳舞跳到深夜. (c) (used within idioms 用于成语中) to a great extent 在很大程度上; 远远: to live far beyond one's means 过着远远入不敷出的生活 * He's fallen far behind in his work. 他的工作远远没有做完.  3 (preceding comparative adjs and advs 用于形容词或副词的比较级前) considerably; very much 很; 非常: a far better solution 好得多的解决办法 * He runs far faster than his brother. 他远比哥哥跑得快.  4 (idm 习语) as far as to the place mentioned, but no further 直至所提到之处为止: I've read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了. * I'll walk with you as far as the post office. 我陪你走到邮局. * We'll go by train as far as London, and then take a coach. 我们乘火车到伦敦, 然後换长途汽车. as/so far as (a) the same distance as 与...的距离相等: We didn't go so far as the others. 我们走得不如其他人远. (b) to the extent that; as much as 达到...的程度; 尽...; 就...: So far as I know/As far as I can see, that is highly unlikely. 就我所知[依我看]那是极不可能的. * His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他. (c) (of progress) up to a specified point but not beyond （指进展）达到某一点为止: We've got as far as collecting our data but we haven't analysed it yet. 我们已收集了资料, 但尚未分析. as/so far as in me `lies (fml 文) to the best of my ability; as much as I can 尽我所能; 尽我的力量. as/so far as it, etc `goes to a limited extent, usu less than desirable 达到一定程度（通常并未如愿）: Your plan is a good one as far as it goes, but there are several points you've forgotten to consider. 你的计画目前看来还算不错, 但有几点你忘了考虑进去. as/so far as sb/sth is concerned in the way, or to the extent, that sb/sth is involved or affected 就某人[某事物]而言: The rise in interest rates will be disastrous as far as small firms are concerned. 利率增加对小公司来说是大祸临头. * The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned but the bodywork needs a lot of attention. 这辆汽车发动机还不错, 但车身需要大修. * As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like. 对我个人来说, 你怎么做都可以. as far as the eye can `see to the horizon 就视力所能及: The prairies stretch on all sides as far as the eye can see. 草原向四周伸展, 一望无际. by `far (following comparative or superlative adjs or advs, preceding or following comparative or superlative expressions with the or a 与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时, 置于这类词之後; 若这类词带有冠词the或a时, 则置于这类之前或之後均可) by a great amount ...得多; 显然: It is quicker by far to go by train. 乘火车要快得多. * She is the best by far/She is by far the best. 她显然是最好的. carry/take sth too, etc `far continue (doing) sth beyond reasonable limits 做得过分: Don't be such a prude  you can carry modesty too far! 别那么拘谨--你谦虚得太过分了! * It's time to be serious; you've carried this joke far enough. 该严肃些了, 这个玩笑你开得差不多了. far/farther/further afield => afield. far and a`way (preceding comparative or superlative adjs 用于形容词的比较级或最高级之前) by a very great amount; very much 极; 非常: She's far and away the best actress I've seen. 她是我所见到的最好的演员. far and `near/`wide everywhere; from or to a large area 到处; 四面八方: They searched far and wide for the missing child. 他们到处寻找失踪的小孩. * People came from far and near to hear the famous violinist. 人们从四面八方赶来听这位着名小提琴家的演奏. far be it from me to do sth (but...) (infml 口) I certainly don't want you to think I would do sth (but...) 我毫无做某事物的意思（但...）: Far be it from me to interfere in your affairs but I would like to give you just one piece of advice. 我决无意干涉你的事, 但我只想给你提个建议. far from doing sth instead of doing sth （不但）不做某事物（反而...）: Far from enjoying dancing, he loathes it. 他岂止不喜欢, 简直讨厌跳舞. far from sth/from doing sth not at all sth; almost the opposite of sth 毫不; 一点也不; 远非; 几乎与之相反: The problem is far from easy, ie is in fact very difficult. 这问题绝非易事. * Your account is far from (being) true/is far from the truth. 你所说远非事实. far `from it (infml 口) certainly not; almost the opposite 当然不; 一点也不; 几乎相反: `Are you happy here?' `No, far from it; I've never been so miserable in my life.' ｀你在这里愉快吗?＇｀一点也不愉快, 我从来没像现在这样难受过.＇ few and far between => few. go as/so far as to do sth/as that, etc be willing to go to extreme limits in dealing with sth 处理某事物时愿走极端; 甚至做到某地步: I won't go so far as to say that he is dishonest, ie I won't actually accuse him of dishonesty, even though I might suspect him of it. 我还不想说他不诚实（纵然我有所怀疑, 也不愿意这样指责他）. go `far (a) (of money) buy many goods, etc （指钱）可买许多东西: A pound doesn't go very far (ie You can't buy very much for a pound) nowadays. 现今一英镑已买不了多少东西了. (b) (of food, supplies, etc) be enough for what is needed; last （指食物、供应等）够用, 充足: Four bottles of wine won't go far among twenty people. 四瓶葡萄酒不够二十人喝. go `far/a long `way (of people) be very successful （指人）非常成功: Someone as intelligent as you should go far. 像你这样聪明的人一定很有作为. go far/a long way towards sth/doing sth help greatly in (achieving) sth 在（促成）某事物方面大有帮助: Their promises don't go very far towards solving our present problems. 他们的承诺对解决我们当前的问题没多大帮助. go too `far behave in a way that is beyond reasonable limits 做得过分: He's always been rather rude but this time he's gone too far. 他总是很粗鲁, 但这次未免太过分了. in so far as to the extent that 到...的程度; 在...范围内: This is the truth in so far as I know it. 就我所知, 这是真实情况. not far `off/`out/`wrong (infml 口) correct or almost correct 正确的; 几乎正确的: Your guess wasn't far out. 你猜得八九不离十了. `so far until now; up to this/that point, time, etc 迄今为止; 到这[那]点、时等为止: So far the work has been easy but things may change. 到目前为止, 这工作很容易, 但情况可能有变化. ,so `far (infml 口) only to a limited extent 仅到一定程度; 仅在有限的范围内: I trust you only so far (and no further). 我对你的信任只到这一程度. ,so far, so `good (saying 谚) up to now everything has been successful 到目前为止, 一切都很顺利.(infml 口)  1 very ill 病重: The injured man was fairly far gone by the time the ambulance arrived. 救护车到时那伤者已生命垂危.  2 very drunk 大醉: You mustn't drive, you're too far gone! 你喝得烂醉如泥, 不能开车!adj [attrib 作定语]  1 distant; remote 远的; 遥远的: far-away places 遥远的地方.  2 dreamy, as if thinking of sth else 蒙胧的; 恍惚的; 出神的: You have a far-away look in your eyes. 你眼中流露出恍惚的神情.adj (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 (of a comparison) strained; unnatural （指比拟）牵强的, 不自然的.  2 (infml 口) (of a story, an account, etc) exaggerated; incredible （指故事、叙述等）夸张的, 不可信的: It's an interesting book but rather far-fetched. 这本书很有趣, 只是太离奇了点.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 spread over a wide area; distributed widely 广泛的; 分布广的: a far-flung network of contacts 广泛的关系网.  2 distant 远的: Her fame has reached the most far-flung corners of the globe. 她已名扬四海.adj [attrib 作定语] remote 遥远的: a far-off country 遥远的国家.adj likely to have a wide influence or many results 影响广泛的; 意义深远的: far-reaching proposals 意义深远的建议.adj (approv 褒) seeing future problems and possibilities clearly and planning for them 目光远大的; 深谋远虑的; 远见卓识的.adj  1 (approv 褒) (a) = far-seeing. (b) (of ideas, etc) showing an awareness of future needs （指思想等）有远见的, 有先见之明的: far-sighted changes in the organization 这个组织中颇具远见的变革.  2 (esp US) = long-sighted (long1)./fɑːs; fɑrs/ n  1 (a) [C] funny play for the theatre based on unlikely situations and events 笑剧; 闹剧; 滑稽戏. (b) [U] plays of this type 笑剧、闹剧一类的剧目: I prefer farce to tragedy. 我喜欢笑剧而不喜欢悲剧.  2 [C] absurd and pointless proceedings 荒唐而无意义的行动: The prisoner's trial was a farce. 对那个囚犯的审讯简直是胡闹./ˈfɑːsɪkl; `fɑrsɪkl/ adj absurd; ridiculous 荒谬的; 可笑的. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./feə(r); fɛr/ n  1 money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi, etc （公共汽车、轮船、计程车等的）票价: What is the bus fare to London? 到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少? * travel at half/full/reduced fare 半价[全价/减价]票旅行 * economy fares 经济舱票价.  2 passenger who pays a fare, esp in a taxi （付费的）乘客; （尤指）计程车的乘客.

/feə(r); fɛr/ n [U] food, esp when offered at a meal (used esp with the adjs shown) 食物; （尤指）饭菜（尤与下列形容词连用）: fine, simple, wholesome fare 很好的、简单的、有益健康的食物.

/feə(r); fɛr/ v [I] (fml 文) progress; get on 进展; 过日子: How did you fare (ie What were your experiences) while you were abroad? 你在国外时好吗（感受如何）?n part of a bus route regarded as a unit in calculating the fare （公共汽车路线中的作为计算票价单位的）一段路程./ˌfeəˈwel; `fɛr`wɛl/ interj (arch or fml 古或文)  1 goodbye 再会; 再见: Farewell until we meet again! 下次再见!  2 (idm 习语) (bid/say) farewell to sb/sth (have) no more of sb/sth 不再（有某人[某事物]）: You can say farewell to seaside holidays as we once knew them. 我们熟悉的海滨假日已可谓一去不复返了.

n saying goodbye 辞行; 告别: make one's last farewells 作最後告别 * [attrib 作定语] a farewell party, gift, speech 送别宴会、辞行赠礼、告别演讲./ˌfærɪˈneɪʃəs; ˌfærə`neʃəs/ adj starchy or floury （含）淀粉的; （似）面粉的: farinaceous foods, eg bread, potatoes 含淀粉的食物（如面包、马铃薯）./fɑːm; fɑrm/ n  1 area of land, and the buildings on it, used for growing crops or raising animals 农田; 农场; 饲养场: We've lived on this farm for twenty years. 我们已在这农场住了二十年. * [attrib 作定语] farm produce 农产品 * farm machinery 农业机械.  2 farmhouse and the buildings near it 农舍及附近的建筑物: get some eggs at the farm 从农场弄些蛋.  3 place where certain fish or animals are raised （某些鱼或其他动物的）养殖场: a trout-/ mink-/ pig-farm 鳟鱼饲养场[貂饲养场/养猪场].

/fɑːm; fɑrm/ v  1 (a) [I] grow crops or rear animals 种田; 务农; 饲养动物: He is farming in Africa. 他在非洲务农. (b) [Tn] use (land) for this 耕种（土地）: She farms 200 acres. 她耕种200英亩土地. (c) [Tn] breed (animals) on a farm 在农场饲养（动物）: farm beef cattle 饲养肉牛.  2 (phr v) farm sb out (to sb) arrange for sb to be cared for by others 托别人照看（某人）: The children were farmed out to nannies at an early age. 孩子们小时候由奶妈照看. farm sth out (to sb) send out or delegate (work) to be done by others 招人承包（工作）: We're so busy we have to farm out a lot of work. 我们太忙, 许多工作得招人承包.n person who works as a labourer on a farm 农场工人.n person who owns or manages a farm 农场主人; 农人.n farmer's house 农舍.n [U] profession of working on or managing a farm 务农; 经营农场: take up farming 开始务农 * pig farming 养猪 * [attrib 作定语] farming subsidies, equipment 农业津贴、设备./ˈfɑːmsted; `fɑrmˌstɛd/ n farmhouse and the buildings near it 农舍及附近的建筑物.n space enclosed by or next to farm buildings 农家的庭院./fəˈrɑːgəʊ; fə`rɑˇo/ n (pl ~s; US ~es) confused collection; mixture 杂烩; 混合物: a farrago of useless bits of knowledge 杂七杂八无用的知识./ˈfærɪə(r); `færɪɚ/ n blacksmith who makes and fits horseshoes 蹄铁匠./ˈfærəʊ; `færo/ v [I] give birth to young pigs 产小猪: When will the sow farrow? 这头母猪何时产小猪?

n  1 number of young pigs born at the same time to one mother 一窝小猪.  2 giving birth to young pigs 产小猪: Our sow had 15 at one farrow. 我们的母猪一胎下了15个小猪./fɑːt; fɑrt/ v (<!> 讳)  1 [I] send air from the bowels out through the anus 放屁.  2 (phr v) fart about/around (sl 俚) be silly; play the fool 愚蠢; 干蠢事: Stop farting around and behave yourself! 别胡来, 放规矩点!

n (<!> 讳)  1 releasing of air through the anus 放屁.  2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) person who is disliked or despised 讨厌的家伙; 卑鄙的人./ˈfɑːðə(r); `fɑrðɚ/ adj (comparative of far1  far1的比较级) more distant in space, direction or time （在空间、方向或时间上）更远的: on the farther bank of the river 在河的彼岸 * The cinema was farther down the road than I thought. 电影院在路的另一端, 比我原来想的还远. * Rome is farther from London than Paris is. 罗马比巴黎离伦敦更远.

adv (comparative of far2  far2的比较级)  1 at or to a greater distance in space or time; more remote （在空间或时间上）更远: We can't go any farther without resting. 我们要是不休息就再也走不动了. * Looking farther forward to the end of the century... 再向前展望到本世纪末....  2 (idm 习语) far/farther/further afield => afield.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Further is now more common than farther in British English. 在英式英语中, 现在further比farther用得更普遍. They can both be used in relation to distance 这两个词均可用以表示距离: I can throw much further/farther than you. 我扔得比你远得多. *  Bristol is further/farther than Oxford. 布里斯托尔比牛津远. In US English farther is usually used in relation to distance. 在美式英语中farther通常用以表示距离. In British and US English only further can be used to indicate addition 在英式英语和美式英语中, 只有further可用以表示｀更加＇或｀进一步＇的意思: Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗? *  a College of Further Education 进修学院./ˈfɑːðɪst; `fɑrðɪst/ adj (superlative of far1  far1的最高级)  1 most distant in space, direction or time （在空间、方向或时间上）最远的, 最久的: Go to the farthest house in the village and I'll meet you there. 到村上最远的那座房子那儿去, 我在那里与你会面.  2 longest; most extended in space （在空间上）最长的, 伸展最远的: The farthest distance I've run is ten miles. 我跑过的最长的距离是十英里.

adv (superlative of far2  far2的最高级)  1 at or to the greatest distance in space or time; most remote （在空间或时间上）最远, 最久: Who ran (the) farthest? 谁跑得最远? * It's ten miles away, at the farthest. 最远不超过十英里.  2 to the highest degree or extent; most 达到最大程度或限度; 最: She is the farthest advanced of all my students. 她是我所有学生中学习最好的./ˈfɑːðɪŋ; `fɑrðɪŋ/ n  1 former British coin worth one quarter of an old penny 英国旧时面值为四分之一便士的硬币.  2 (idm 习语) not care/give a farthing not care at all 毫不在乎.= facia./ˈfæsɪneɪt; `fæsnˌet/ v [Tn]  1 attract or interest (sb) greatly 使（某人）着迷、神魂颠倒或极感兴趣: The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window. 孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了.  2 take away power of movement from (eg an animal) by a strong light, etc 用强光照射等使（如动物）不能动弹: The rabbit sat without moving, fascinated by the glare of our headlights. 我们的车的前灯把兔子照得蹲在那里一动也不动.adj having great attraction or charm 吸引人的; 迷人的; 使人神魂颠倒的: a fascinating voice,story, glimpse 迷人的嗓音、故事、一瞥. adv./ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn; ˌfæsn`eʃən/ n  1 [U, C] fascinating quality; process of fascinating 魅力; 魔力; 入迷: Stamp collecting holds a certain fascination for me. 我特别喜爱集邮. * The fascinations of the circus are endless. 马戏表演非常吸引人.  2 [U, sing] state of being fascinated 着迷; 入迷: a fascination for Chinese pottery 对中国陶瓷的强烈爱好./ˈfæʃɪzəm; `fæʃˌɪzəm/ n [U] extreme right-wing dictatorial political system or views, esp (Fascism) as originally seen in Italy between 1922 and 1943 法西斯主义./ˈfæʃɪst; `fæʃɪst/ n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who supports fascism 法西斯主义者.  adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) extremely right-wing; reactionary 法西斯的; 极右的; 反动的: a fascist state 法西斯国家 * fascist opinions 极右的言论./ˈfæʃn; `fæʃən/ n  1 [sing] manner or way of doing sth 样子; 方式: He walks in a peculiar fashion. 他走路的样子很怪.  2 [C, U] popular style (of clothes, behaviour, etc) at a given time or place 流行的式样; 时尚; 风尚; 风气: dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时的 * Fashions in art and literature are changing constantly. 文艺的潮流总是日新月异. * [attrib 作定语] a fashion show 时装表演 * fashion magazines 时装杂志.  3 (idm 习语) after a `fashion to a certain extent, but not satisfactorily 达到一定程度（但尚未令人满意）: I can play the piano after a fashion. 我多少会弹点钢琴. after/in the fashion of sb (fml 文) like sb; imitating the style of sb 像某人一样; 模仿某人的风格: She paints in the fashion of Picasso. 她模仿毕加索的绘画风格. (be) all the `fashion/`rage (be) the latest style or trend 流行（起来）; （成为）时尚: Suddenly, collecting antiques is all the fashion. 收集古董突然盛行起来. come into/be in `fashion become/be popular 流行; 入时: Long skirts have come into fashion again. Faded jeans are still in fashion too. 长裙子又流行起来. 漂浅的牛仔裤也还很时髦. go/be out of fashion become/be unpopular as a style 不再流行; 过时.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A from B/B into A give form or shape to sth; design or make sth 将某物做成某形状; 设计或制造某物: fashion a doll (from a piece of wood) （用木块）做成玩具娃娃 * fashion a lump of clay into a bowl 把黏土制成碗./ˈfæʃnəbl; `fæʃənəbl/ adj  1 following a style that is currently popular 时兴的; 时髦的; 流行的: fashionable clothes, furniture, ideas, ladies 时髦的服装、家具、思想、女士 * It is fashionable to have short hair nowadays. 现在流行短发.  2 used or visited by people following a current fashion 时髦人物使用的或光顾的: a fashionable hotel, resort, etc 时髦人物常去的旅馆、胜地等./-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv in a fashionable manner 时髦地; 流行地: fashionably dressed 穿得很时髦./fɑːst; <i>US</i> fæst; fæst/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) moving or done quickly; rapid 快的; 迅速的; 敏捷的: a fast car, horse, runner, ie one that can move at high speed 跑得很快的汽车、马、人. (b) happening quickly 迅速发生的; 短暂的: a fast journey, trip, etc 匆匆之行、一趟.  2 (of a surface) producing or allowing quick movement （指物体表面）可供快速运动的: a fast road, pitch 快速车道、平滑的球场.  3 (of a watch or clock) showing a time later than the true time （指钟表）走得过快的: I'm early  my watch must be fast. 我来早了--准是我的表快了. * That clock's ten minutes fast. 那钟快了十分钟.  4 (of photographic film) very sensitive to light, allowing a short exposure （指胶卷）感光快的, 曝光时间短的.  5 (dated 旧) (of a person) spending too much time and energy on pleasure and excitement; reckless （指人）耽于享乐的, 放荡的: lead a fast life 过放荡的生活.6 (idm 习语) fast and `furious (of games, parties, shows, etc) lively and energetic （指游戏、聚会、表演等）生动活泼的. pull a fast one => pull2.

adv  1 quickly 快地; 迅速地: Can't you run any faster than that? 你不能跑得再快点吗? * Night was fast approaching. 黑夜转瞬而至.  2 (idm 习语) run, etc as fast as one's legs can carry one as fast as one is able 尽快地（跑等）.

/fɑːst; <i>US</i> fæst; fæst/ adj  1 (a) [pred 作表语] firmly fixed or attached; secure 牢固; 坚固; 稳固的: The post is fast in the ground. 那柱子牢牢地埋在地里. * make a boat fast, ie moor it securely 把船系牢. (b) [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) loyal; close 忠实的; 亲密的: a fast friend/friendship 忠实的朋友[牢不可破的友谊].  2 (of colours) not likely to fade or run （指颜色）不褪色的.  3 (idm 习语) hard and fast => hard1.

adv  1 firmly; securely; tightly 牢固地; 稳固地; 紧紧地: be fast asleep, ie sleeping deeply 酣睡 * The boat was stuck fast in the mud. 那船深深地陷在泥里.  2 (idm 习语) hold fast to sth continue to believe in (an idea, a principle, etc) resolutely or stubbornly 坚持（某种思想、原则等）. play fast and `loose (with sb/sth) change one's attitude towards sb/sth repeatedly in an irresponsible way; trifle with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]反覆无常; 玩弄: Stop playing fast and loose with that girl's feelings  can't you see you're upsetting her? 别玩弄那姑娘的感情--难道没看到你已经把她弄得心烦意乱了吗? stand `fast/`firm not retreat, change one's views, etc 不後退; 不让步; 坚定不移. thick and fast => thick.

/fɑːst; <i>US</i> fæst; fæst/ v [I] go without (certain kinds of) food, esp for religious reasons 禁食（某种食物）; （尤指）斋戒: Muslims fast during Ramadan. 穆斯林在赖买丹月斋戒.

n (period of) going without food 禁食（期）; 斋戒（期）: a fast of three days 禁食三日 * break one's fast 开斋 * [attrib 作定语] fast days 禁食的日子.food such as hamburgers, chips, etc that can be cooked easily, and is sold by restaurants to be eaten quickly or taken away 快餐食品: [attrib 作定语] a ,fast food `counter, `restaurant 快餐柜台、快餐店.(US infml 口) = summer time (summer)./ˈfɑːsn; <i>US</i> ˈfæsn; `fæsn/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] (a) ~ sth (down) secure or fix sth firmly 使某物牢固; 固定某物: fasten (down) the lid of a box 盖紧箱盖 * Please fasten your seat-belts. 请系好安全带. * Have you fastened all the doors and windows? 你把所有的门窗都关严了吗? (b) ~ sth (up) close or join sth 系住某物; 使某物联结在一起: Fasten (up) your coat. 把你的大衣系好. * The tent flaps should be tightly fastened. 帐篷的帘布应紧紧系住. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (on/to sth); ~ A and B (together) firmly attach sth to sth or two things together 将某物固定在另一物上; 将两物牢牢联结在一起: fasten a lock on/to the door 把门用锁锁好 * fasten a brooch on a blouse 把饰针别在衬衫上 * fasten two sheets of paper (together) with a pin 用大头针把两张纸别在一起 * (fig 比喻) He fastened his eyes on me. 他紧盯着我. * They're trying to fasten the blame on others. 他们想嫁祸于人.  2 [I, Ip] become closed or attached 关住; 闩住; 系牢; 扎牢: The door fastens with a latch. 这门是用撞锁锁住的. * This dress fastens (up) (ie has buttons, a zip, etc) at the back. 这件连衣裙是在背後系扣的.  3 (phr v) fasten on sb/sth take and use sb/sth for a particular purpose; seize on sb/sth 为某目的抓住并利用某人[某事物]; 抓牢某人[某事物]: fasten on an idea 坚持某种想法 * He was looking for someone to blame and fastened on me. 他正在找人派不是, 于是便推到我的身上./ˈfɑːsnə(r); <i>US</i> ˈfs-; `fæsənɚ/, fastening / 5fB:snIN; US  5fs-; `fAsEnIN/ ns device that fastens sth 将某物固着的装置: a zip fastener 拉链./fəˈstɪdɪəs, fæ-; fæs`tɪdɪəs/ adj  1 selecting carefully; choosing only what is good 仔细挑选的; 只选好的.  2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) hard to please; easily disgusted 难以取悦的; 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: She is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner. 她对食物过于挑剔, 因此我从不请她吃饭. adv. n [U]./ˈfɑːstnɪs; <i>US</i> ˈfæs-; `fæstnɪs/ n [U] quality of being fast2(2) 不褪色: We guarantee the fastness of these dyes. 我们担保这些染料不褪色.

/ˈfɑːstnɪs; <i>US</i> ˈfæs-; `fæstnɪs/ n fortified place that is easily defended; stronghold 堡垒; 要塞: a mountain fastness 山寨./fæt; fæt/ adj (-tter, -ttest)  1 covered with or having a lot of fat 肥的: fat meat 肥肉.  2 (of the body) large in size; containing too much fat （指身体）肥胖的: If you eat too much chocolate you'll get fat. 吃巧克力太多会发胖. =>Usage 见所附用法. Cf 参看 thin 2.  3 large; round 大的; 圆的: a big fat apple 又大又圆的苹果.  4 thick; well filled 厚的; 装满的: a fat wallet, ie one stuffed with banknotes 装满钞票的钱包.  5 rich; fertile 富饶的; 肥沃的: fat lands 肥沃的土地.  6 (infml 口) large in quantity 大量的: a fat price, sum, profit, income, etc 高价、巨额、暴利、优厚的收入 * He gave me a nice fat cheque, ie one for a lot of money. 他给了我一张数额很大的支票.  7 (idm 习语) a fat lot (of good, etc) (infml ironic 口, 反语) very little 很少: A fat lot you care, ie You don't care at all. 你根本就不在乎. * A fat lot of good that did me, ie It didn't help me at all. 对我一点帮助也没有.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Fat is the most usual and direct adjective to describe people with excess flesh, but it is not polite *fat是用以指人肥胖的最常用、最直接的形容词, 但含贬义: That suit's too tight -- it makes you look really fat. 那套衣服太瘦--显得你很胖. More insulting are flabby, which suggests loose flesh, and podgy, used especially of fingers and hands. 贬义更强的词是flabby（指肌肉松弛）和podgy（尤指手指和手）. To be polite we can use plump, suggesting slight or attractive fatness, or stout, indicating overall heaviness of the body. 较礼貌些可用plump（指稍胖或丰满）或stout（指身体胖得匀称）. Tubby is often used in a friendly way of people who are also short, and chubby indicates pleasant roundness in babies and cheeks. *tubby常用以指矮胖的人, 含亲切感, 而chubby则用于婴儿和脸颊, 意为圆胖而可爱. The most neutral term is overweight, while doctors use obese to describe people who are so overweight that they are unhealthy. 最无褒贬含义的词是overweight, 医生则用obese指胖得呈病态的人.

/fæt; fæt/ n  1 [U] (a) white or yellow greasy substance found in animal bodies under the skin 脂肪; 肥肉: This ham has too much fat on it. 这火腿肥肉太多. (b) oily substance found in certain seeds 某些种子的油.  2 [C, U] fat from animals, plants or seeds, purified and used for cooking （食用的）动植物的油: Vegetable fats are healthier than animal fats. 植物油比动物油更有益于健康. * Fried potatoes are cooked in deep fat. 炸的马铃薯是用很多油炸的.  3 (idm 习语) chew the fat/rag => chew. the fat is in the `fire (infml 口) there will be a lot of trouble now 现在要出麻烦了. live off/on the fat of the land => live2. run to `fat (of persons) tend to gain weight; become fat （指人）发胖, 变胖.(infml 口 esp US) person who is rich and powerful 有财有势的人; 大亨.n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜./ˈfeɪtl; `fetl/ adj ~ (to sb/sth)  1 causing or ending in death 致命的: a fatal accident 致命的事故 * fatal injuries 致命伤.  2 causing disaster 灾难性的: His illness was fatal to our plans, ie caused them to fail. 他生病後我们的计画就落空了. * a fatal mistake 造成严重後果的错误.  3 (fml 文) fateful; decisive 命中注定的; 决定性的: the fatal day/hour 决定性的一日[时刻]./ˈfeɪtəlɪzəm; `fetlˌɪzəm/ n [U] belief that events are decided by fate(1); acceptance of all that happens as inevitable 宿命论; 听天由命./ˈfeɪtəlɪst; `fetlɪst/ n person who believes in fate(1) or accepts everything as inevitable 宿命论者; 听天由命者./ˌfeɪtəˈlɪstɪk; ˌfetl`ɪstɪk/ adj showing a belief in fate 宿命论的; 听天由命的: a fatalistic person, attitude, outlook 听天由命的人、态度、观点./fəˈtælətɪ; fe`tælətɪ/ n  1 [C] death caused by accident or in war, etc （事故或战争等造成的）死亡: There have been ten swimming fatalities (ie Ten people have lost their lives while swimming) this summer. 今年夏季已有十人游泳遇溺.  2 [U] sense of being controlled by fate(1) 天数; 命中注定: There was a strange fatality about their both losing their jobs on the same day. 他们两人同一天失去工作, 真是天意叵测.  3 [U] fatal influence; deadliness 致死的作用; 致命性: the fatality of certain diseases 某些疾病之致命性.adv in a fatal manner 致命地; 灾难性地; 注定地: Many people were fatally wounded during the bomb attacks. 在轰炸期间许多人受了重伤./feɪt; fet/ n  1 [U] power believed to control all events in a way that cannot be resisted; destiny 命运; 天数; 定数: I wanted to go to India in June, but fate decided otherwise. 我本想六月去印度, 但天意难遂我愿.  2 [C] (a) person's destiny or future （人的）命运或未来: The court met to decide our fate(s). 法院开庭以决定我们的命运. * I am resigned to my fate. 我听天由命. (b) death or destruction 死亡; 毁灭: He met his fate (ie died) bravely. 他死得很英勇.  3 (idm 习语) a ,fate worse than `death (joc 谑) very unpleasant experience 极不愉快的经历; 活受罪: Having to watch their home movies all evening was a fate worse than death! 整个晚上无可奈何地看他们的家庭电影真受罪! tempt fate/providence => tempt.

v [only passive 只用于被动语态: Tf, Cn.t] destine 命中注定; 命该: It was fated (ie Fate decided) that we would fail. 我们注定要失败. * He was fated to die in poverty. 他注定在贫困中死去./ˈfeɪtfl; `fetfəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 important and decisive 重要的; 决定性的: fateful events, moments 决定性的事件、时刻 * a fateful decision 重大的决定.  2 causing or leading to great and usu unpleasant events 造成或导致重大的（通常指坏的）事情的: His heart sank as he listened to the judge uttering the fateful words. 他听到法官字字千钧的话, 顿时垂头丧气. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./ˈfɑːðə(r); `fɑðɚ/ n  1 male parent 父亲; 爸爸: That baby looks just like her father! 那婴儿真像她父亲. * You've been (like) a father to me. 您对我一直像父亲一样. =>App 8 见附录8.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) ancestor 祖先: the land of our fathers 我们祖先的土地.  3 founder or first leader 创始人; 先驱; 鼻祖: city fathers 城市中德高望重的元老 * the Pilgrim Fathers, ie English Puritans among the first European settlers in the USA 美国的开国先驱（最早自欧洲移居美洲的英国清教徒） * the Father of English poetry, ie Chaucer 英国诗歌之父（乔叟）.  4 Father God 上帝; 圣父: Our (Heavenly) Father 我们的天父 * God the Father 上帝.  5 title of certain priests, esp those belonging to religious orders 神父.  6 (idm 习语) be gathered to one's fathers => gather. the child is father of the man => child. from ,father to `son from one generation of a family to the next 家族中从一代人至另一代人: The farm has been handed down from father to son since 1800. 该农场自1800年起一直代代相传. like ,father, like `son (saying 谚) a son's character, actions, etc resemble, or can be expected to resemble, his father's 有其父必有其子. old enough to be sb's mother/father => old. the wish is father to the thought => wish n.

/ˈfɑːðə(r); `fɑðɚ/ v [Tn]  1 be the male parent of (sb); beget 做（某人的）父亲; （作为父亲）生育（子女）: father a child （作为父亲）生个孩子.  2 (fig 比喻) create (sth); originate 发明（某物）; 创始: father a plan, an idea, a project, etc 最先提出一项计画、一种思想、一项设计等.  3 (phr v) father sb/sth on sb say that sb is the father or originator of sb/sth 将某人说成是某人之父或某事物之创始人: It's not my scheme; try fathering it on somebody else. 这不是我的计策, 你去问问别人看是谁出的主意吧.old man with a red robe and a long white beard who symbolizes Christmas festivities 圣诞老人.old man, carrying a scythe and an hourglass, who symbolizes time 时间老人（手持大镰刀和沙漏象徵时间的老人）.n older man who is respected because he guides and protects others （因指导、保护他人）受尊敬的男性长者.n / 5fB:TEr In lR:; `fBTErIn9lR/ (pl fathers-in-law) father of one's husband or wife 岳父; 公公. =>App 8 见附录8.n [U] state of being a father 作为父亲的身分: The responsibilites of fatherhood are many. 身为人父责任很重.n / -lnd; -9lAnd/ country where one was born (used esp of Germany) 祖国（尤用以指德国）.adj like or typical of a father 父亲般的; 似父亲的: fatherly advice 慈父般的忠告./ˈfæðəm; `fæðəm/ n measure (6 feet or 1.8 metres) of the depth of water 英寻（水深量度单位, 合6英尺或1.8米）: The harbour is four fathoms deep. 港深四英寻. * The ship sank in twenty fathoms. 该船下沉二十英寻. =>App 5 见附录5.

v [Tn]  1 measure the depth of (water) 测量（水的）深度.  2 understand or comprehend (sb/sth) fully 充分理解（某人[某事物]）; 领悟: I cannot fathom his remarks. 我不能完全理解他的话.  3 (phr v) fathom sth out find a reason or explanation for sth 找出某事物的原因或理由: Can you fathom it out? 你能想出是怎么回事吗?adj (rhet 修辞) too deep to measure 深不可测的: the fathomless ocean 深不可测的海洋./fəˈtiːg; fə`tiˇ/ n  1 [U] great tiredness, usu resulting from hard work or exercise 疲乏; 疲劳; 疲倦: We were all suffering from fatigue at the end of our journey. 我们到旅程终点时全都累垮了.  2 [U] weakness in metals, etc caused by repeated stress （金属材料的）疲劳: The aeroplane wing showed signs of metal fatigue. 机翼显出有金属疲劳的现象.  3 [C] non-military duty of soldiers, such as cooking, cleaning, etc 士兵所承担的非军事性工作（如烹饪、清扫等）: Instead of training the men were put on fatigues/fatigue duty. 那些士兵没有接受训练, 而是派去做杂务.  4 fatigues [pl] (US) uniform worn for fatigue duty or when in battle （做杂务或打仗时穿的）制服.

v [Tn] make (sb) very tired 使（某人）非常疲劳: feeling fatigued 感到疲劳 * fatiguing work 累人的工作.n [U].n [U] animals that are reared and fattened to be killed for food 肉畜（用作肉食的牲畜）./ˈfætɪd; `fætɪd/ adj (idm 习语) kill the fatted calf => kill.

=> fat1./ˈfætn; `fætn/ v (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) make sb/sth fat or fatter 使某人[某物]变胖或变肥: fatten cattle for (the) market 把牛养肥供应市场. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) become fat or fatter 变得肥胖: They're fattening up nicely. 这些动物长膘情况良好.adj rather fat 稍肥的; 略胖的./ˈfætɪ; `fætɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (a) like fat 似脂肪般的. (b) containing a lot of fat 含脂肪多的; 肥的; 胖的: fatty bacon 很肥的腌猪肉.

/ˈfætɪ; `fætɪ/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) fat person 胖子./fəˈtjuːətɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈtuːətɪ; fə`tuətɪ/ n  1 [U] state of being fatuous 愚昧.  2 [C] fatuous remark, act, etc 愚昧的言语、行动等./ˈfætʃʊəs; `fætʃᴜəs/ adj stupid and silly; foolish 蠢的; 傻的; 笨的: a fatuous person, smile, remark 笨人、傻笑、蠢话.adv.n [U]./ˈfɔːsɪt; `fɔsɪt/ n  1 tap for a barrel, etc （大桶等上的）龙头, 旋塞.  2 (esp US) any kind of tap （任何）龙头, 旋塞./fɔːlt; fɔlt/ n  1 [C] imperfection or flaw 缺点; 缺陷; 毛病; 瑕疵; 故障: I like him despite his faults. 虽然他有种种缺点, 但我仍然喜欢他. * There is a fault in the electrical system. 电路系统出了故障. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1.  2 [U] (responsibility for a) mistake or offence 过错; 过失: `Whose fault is this?' `Mine, I'm afraid.' ｀这是谁的过错?＇｀很抱歉, 是我的错.＇  3 [C] incorrect serve in tennis, etc （网球等）发球失误.  4 [C] (place where there is a) break in the continuity of layers of rock, caused by movement of the earth's crust （地壳运动造成的）断层（处）.  5 (idm 习语) at fault responsible for a mistake; in the wrong 有责任; 有错: My memory was at fault. 我记错了. find fault => find1. to a `fault excessively 过分地; 过度地: She is generous to a fault. 她过分慷慨.

v [Tn] discover a fault in (sb/sth) 发现（某人[某事物]）有错、有缺陷等: No one could fault his performance. 他的演出无懈可击.n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) looking for faults in other people's work or behaviour 吹毛求疵; 挑剔.adv in a faulty manner 有缺点地; 有过失地; 有错误地.adj. adv.adj (-ier, -iest) having a fault or faults; imperfect 有缺点的; 有过失的; 不完善的: a faulty switch 有毛病的开关 * a faulty argument 有错误的论据. /fɔːn; fɔn/ n (in Roman myths) god of the fields and woods, with goat's horns and legs but a human torso （罗马神话的）农牧神（躯干呈人形, 角、腿呈山羊形）./ˈfɔːnə; `fɔnə/ n [U, C] (pl ~s) all the animals of an area or a period of time （某地区或某时期的）所有动物: the fauna of East Africa 东非的动物. Cf 参看 flora./ˌfəʊ ˈpɑː; `fo`pɑ/ (pl faux pas / 9fEUpB:z;`fo `pBz/) (French 法) embarrassing mistake; indiscreet remark, etc 失态; 失言; 失礼./ˈfeɪvə(r); `fevɚ/ n  1 [U] liking; goodwill; approval (used esp with the vs shown) 喜爱; 宠爱; 好感; 欢心; 赞同（尤与下列动词连用）: win sb's favour 获得某人的好感 * look on a plan with favour, ie approve of it 赞成一项计画.  2 [U] treating one person or group more generously or leniently than others; partiality 偏爱; 偏袒: He obtained his position more by favour than by merit or ability. 他因得宠而获此地位, 并非有何特长或本事.  3 [C] act of kindness beyond what is due or usual (used esp with the vs shown) 善行, 恩惠（尤与下列动词连用）: May I ask a favour of you (ie ask you to do sth for me)? 请您帮个忙行吗? * Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you? 劳驾, 我在打电话, 把收音机的声音调小点好吗?  4 [C] small token or badge worn to show that one supports sb/sth （供佩带的）标志或徽章（以示支持某人[某事物]）: Everyone at the rally wore red ribbons as favours. 参加集会的人都系着红丝带作为支持大会的标记.  5 favours [pl] (used of a woman offering herself freely to a man 用以指女子将自己献给某男子) pleasure through sexual intercourse 性交的快感: bestow one's favours on sb （指女子）使某人有性交的欢愉 * be (too) free with one's favours （指女子）（过分）随意性交.  6 (idm 习语) be/stand high in sb's favour => high3. be in/out of `favour (with sb); be in/out of sb's `favour have/not have sb's regard, approval, etc 得到[失去]某人的尊重、赞同等. curry favour => curry2. find, lose, etc favour with sb/in sb`s eyes win/lose sb's approval 得[失]宠于某人; 获得[失去]某人的好感. in favour of sb/sth (a) in sympathy with sb/sth; in support of sb/sth 赞成某人[某事物]; 支持某人[某事物]: Was he in favour of the death penalty? 他赞成死刑吗? (b) (of cheques) payable to (the account of) sb/sth （指支票）以某人[某部门]为受款人: Cheques should be written in favour of Oxfam. 支票上请写明以牛津饥荒救济委员会为受款人. in sb's favour to the advantage of sb 对某人有利: The exchange rate is in our favour today, ie will benefit us when we change money. 今天的兑换率对我们有利. * The court decided in his favour. 法庭的判决对他有利. * The decision went in his favour. 这一判决对他有利. without fear or favour => fear1.

/ˈfeɪvə(r); `fevɚ/ v [Tn]  1 support (sb/sth); prefer 支持（某人[某事物]）; 喜爱: Of the two possible plans I favour the first. 在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者.  2 show a preference for (sb); treat (sb) with partiality 偏爱; 偏袒: She always favours her youngest child (more than the others). 她总是偏爱她最小的孩子.  3 (of events or circumstances) make (sth) possible or easy （指事情或情况）便于（某事物）, 使（某事物）顺利: The wind favoured their sailing at dawn. 这风便于他们在黎明时航行.  4 (dated 旧) look like (sb); resemble (sb) in features 长得像（某人）; 容貌像（某人）: You can see that she favours her father. 她长得像她父亲.  5 (phr v) favour sb with sth (dated or fml 旧或文) do sth for sb; oblige(2) sb with sth 为某人做某事; 应某人要求做某事: I should be grateful if you would favour me with an early reply. 若蒙早日赐覆则不胜感谢./ˈfeɪvərəbl; `fevərəbl/ adj  1 (a) giving or showing approval 赞成的; 同意的; 嘉许的: It's encouraging to receive a favourable report on one's work. 工作得到好评是令人鼓舞的. (b) ~ (to/toward sb/sth) tending to support sb/sth 倾向于支持某人[某事物]的: Is he favourable to the proposal? 他支持这项建议吗? (c) pleasing; positive 令人高兴的; 肯定的: You made a favourable impression on the examiners. 你给主考留下了很好的印象. * We formed a very favourable impression of her. 我们对她印象极好.  2 ~ (for sth) helpful; suitable 有帮助的; 合适的: favourable winds 顺风 * conditions favourable for skiing 适合滑雪的条件./-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv in a favourable manner 赞成地; 同意地; 嘉许地: speak favourably of a plan 赞成一项计画 * look favourably on sb 赞许地看着某人./ˈfeɪvərɪt; `fevərɪt/ n ~ (of sb)  1 person or thing liked more than others 特别受喜爱的人或物: These books are great favourites of mine. 这些是我最喜爱的书. * He is a favourite with his uncle/a favourite of his uncle's/his uncle's favourite. 他伯伯特别喜爱他.  2 the favourite (in racing) the horse, competitor, etc expected to win （竞赛中）认为会获胜的马、竞争者等: The favourite came in third. 那个最有希望获胜的却跑了个第三名.

adj [attrib 作定语] bestliked 最喜欢的: my favourite occupation, hobby, restaurant, aunt 我最喜欢的消遣、嗜好、餐馆、姑母 * Who is your favourite writer? 你最喜欢哪位作家?/-ɪzəm; -ˌɪzəm/ n [U] (derog 贬) practice of giving unfair advantages to the people that one likes best 偏爱; 偏袒; 偏心: Our teacher is guilty of blatant favouritism. 我们老师有明显的偏心错误./fɔːn; fɔn/ n  1 [C] deer less than one year old （未满周岁的）幼鹿. Cf 参看 doe, stag 1.  2 [U] light yellowish brown 浅黄褐色: a raincoat in fawn 浅黄褐色的雨衣.

adj fawn-coloured 浅黄褐色的: a fawn raincoat 浅黄褐色的雨衣.

/fɔːn; fɔn/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb)  1 (of dogs) show affection by wagging the tail, pawing or licking sb, etc （指狗）（摇尾、用爪子抓或用舌舔等）表示亲热.  2 (derog 贬) try to win sb's approval by flattery or by obsequious behaviour 献媚; 奉承; 巴结: fawning behaviour, looks 献媚的举动、表情..../fæks; fæks/v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send the copy of (a document, an illustration, etc) by an electronic system using telephone lines 用传真机（使用电话线路通过电子控制系统）传送（文件、图表等）: Please fax me the layout for the new catalogue. 请用传真机把新目录的版面编排图样传送给我. The plans were faxed to us by our New York office. 这些设计图是我们的纽约办事处用传真机给我们传送来的.

n (a) [U] system for sending such a copy 传真系统: sent by fax 由传真系统发送的 [attrib 作定语] a fax machine 传真机. (b) [C] copy sent in this way 传真件./feɪz; fez/ v [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) fluster (sb) 使（某人）紧张或慌张: She's so calm; nothing seems to faze her. 她很镇静, 遇事不慌./ˌef biː ˈaɪ; ˌɛf bi `aɪ/ abbr 缩写 = (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局: head of the FBI 联邦调查局的负责人 * an FBI agent 联邦调查局的调查员. Cf 参看 CIA.abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Football Club 足球俱乐部: Leeds United FC 利兹联合足球俱乐部./ˌef siː ˈəʊ; ˌɛf si `o/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (combined in 1968) 外交和联邦事务部（1968年合并）: an official from the FCO 外交和联邦事务部的官员. Cf 参看 FO./ˌef ˈdiː; ˌɛf `di/ (also Fid Def) abbr 缩写 =  (on British coins) Defender of the Faith (Latin Fidei Defensor) （英国硬币上的）保教者（源自拉丁文Fidei Defensor）./ˈfiːəltɪ; `fiəltɪ/ n [C, U] (arch 古) (oath of) loyalty owed by a feudal tenant, etc to his lord （封建时代臣仆对主人的）效忠（的誓言）: take an oath of fealty 宣誓（对封建领主的）效忠./fɪə(r); fɪr/ n  1 (a) [U] emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, etc 恐惧; 惧怕: unable to speak from fear 吓得说不出话来 * overcome by fear 被吓坏 * feel, show no fear 毫不畏惧、毫无惧色. (b) [C] this emotion caused by sth specific （因某事物产生的）畏惧: a fear of heights 对高处的恐惧 * The doctor's report confirmed our worst fears. 医生的报告证实了我们最为担心的事. * overcome/dispel/allay sb's fears 克服[消除/减轻]某人的恐惧心理.  2 (idm 习语) for fear of sth/of doing sth; for fear (that/lest)... in case; to avoid the danger of sth happening 惟恐; 以免（发生危险）: We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby/for fear (that) we might wake the baby. 我们轻声谈话, 以免吵醒婴儿. hold no fears/terrors for sb not frighten sb 不能使某人感到害怕: Hang-gliding holds no fears for her. 她一点也不害怕悬挂式滑翔. in fear and trembling in a frightened or cowed manner 恐惧地; 胆怯地: They went to the teacher in fear and trembling to tell her that they'd broken a window. 他们战战兢兢地去告诉老师, 他们打破了一扇窗户. in fear of sb/sth in a state of fear about sb/sth 处于害怕某人[某事物]的状态: The thief went in constant fear of discovery. 那贼时刻都在担心被人发现. in ,fear of one's `life anxious for one's own safety 为自己的安全担忧. ,no `fear (infml 口) (used when answering a suggestion) certainly not （用以回应别人的提议）当然不...: `Are you coming climbing?' `No fear!' ｀你来爬山吗?＇｀我可不去!＇ put the fear of God into sb (infml 口) make sb very frightened 使某人非常恐惧. there's not much fear of sth/that... it is unlikely that sth will happen 某事不太可能发生: There's not much fear of an enemy attack (taking place). 敌人不太可能发动攻击. without ,fear or `favour (fml 文) showing impartial justice 公正的; 不偏不倚的.

/fɪə(r); fɪr/ v  1 (a) [Tn] be afraid of (sb/sth) 害怕（某人[某事物]）; 惧怕: fear death, illness 怕死、怕生病 * The plague was greatly feared in the Middle Ages. 中世纪时这种瘟疫十分可怕. (b) [I, Tt] feel fear (about doing sth) （对做某事）感到害怕, 忧虑: Never fear (ie Don't worry), everything will be all right. 别害怕, 一切都会好的. * She feared to speak in his presence. 她怕在他的面前说话.  2 [Tn, Tf] have an uneasy feeling about or anticipation of (esp sth bad) 担心（尤指怕出事）: They feared the worst, ie thought that the worst had happened or would happen. 他们担心的是最坏的情况（已经发生或可能发生）. * `Are we going to be late?' `I fear so.' ｀我们会迟到吗?＇｀我看要迟到.＇ * I fear (that) he is going to die. 我担心他快死了.  3 [Tn] (arch or fml 古或文) have respect and awe for 敬畏: fear God 敬畏上帝.  4 (phr v) fear for sb/sth be anxious or concerned about sb/sth 对某人[某事物]担忧或关心...: I fear for her safety in this weather. 在这种天气里我很担心她的安全./-fl; -fəl/ adj  1 ~ (of sth/of doing sth); ~ (that/lest...) nervous and afraid 紧张而担心的: fearful of waking the baby/fearful that we might wake the baby 生怕把婴儿吵醒.  2 terrible; horrifying 可怕的; 可怖的: a fearful railway accident 火车失事惨剧.  3 (infml 口) very great; very bad 极端的: What a fearful mess!简直是一塌糊涂! /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U].adj ~ (of sth) not afraid (of sth) （对某事物）不怕的; 无畏的: a fearless mountaineer 无畏的爬山者 * fearless of the consequences 不计後果的. adv. n [U]./ˈfɪəsəm; `fɪrsəm/ adj frightening in appearance 样子可怕的: The battlefield was a fearsome sight. 这战场的情景触目惊心. * (fig 比喻) a fearsome task, ie one that frightens by being difficult 令人望而却步的任务./ˌfiːzə-ˈbɪlətɪ; ˌfizə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]: [attrib 作定语] We should do a feasibility study before adopting the new proposals. 我们在采用这些新建议之前应进行可行性研究. /ˈfiːzəbl; `fizəbl/ adj that can be done; practicable; possible 可做的; 可实行的; 可能的: a feasible idea, suggestion, scheme, etc 切实可行的主意、建议、计画等 * It's not feasible to follow your proposals. 按照你的建议去做是行不通的. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./fiːst; fist/ n  1 (a) unusually large or elaborate meal 盛宴; 宴会. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that pleases the mind or the senses with its richness or variety 赏心悦目的事物: a feast of colours, sounds, etc 赏心悦目的颜色、悦耳动听的声音.  2 religious festival celebrated with rejoicing 欢乐的宗教节日: the feast of Christmas 圣诞佳节.

v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) enjoy a feast 宴饮; 参加宴会: They celebrated by feasting all day. 他们整天大吃大喝地庆祝. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) provide sb with a feast 设宴款待（某人）; 宴请（某人）: They feasted their guests with delicacies. 他们用美味佳肴款待客人.  2 (idm 习语) feast one's eyes (on sb/sth)enjoy the beauty of sb/sth 欣赏某人[某物]之美; 饱眼福: She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley. 她饱览那山谷的美景./fiːt; fit/ n successful completion of sth needing skill, strength or courage 技艺; 武艺; 功绩; 伟业: brilliant feats of engineering 工程上的伟绩 * perform feats of daring 表演惊险的技艺. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1./ˈfeðə(r); `fɛðɚ/ n  1 any of the many light fringed structures that grow from a bird's skin and cover its body 羽毛. =>illus 见插图.  2 (idm 习语) birds of a feather => bird. (be) a `feather in one's cap an achievement, etc that one can be proud of 可引以自豪的成就等: Winning the gold medal was yet another feather in her cap. 夺得金牌是她又一值得骄傲的成就. light as air/as a feather => light1. ruffle sb's feathers => ruffle. show the white feather => show2. smooth sb`s ruffled feathers => smooth2. you could have knocked me down with a feather => knock2.

/ˈfeðə(r); `fɛðɚ/ v  1 [Tn] cover or fit (sth) with feathers 将羽毛覆盖或装在（某物）上: feather an arrow 给箭装上翎.  2 [I, Tn] (in rowing) turn (one's oar) so that it passes flat just above the surface of the water （划船时）将（桨叶）持平（略出水面而与水面平行）: The crew feathered (their oars) for the last few yards of the race. 在划船比赛到最後几码时, 全体队员回桨时把桨叶持平.  3 (idm 习语) feather one's (own) `nest (usu derog 通常作贬义) make oneself richer, more comfortable, etc, usu at sb else's expense 使自己更富足、更舒适等（通常指牺牲他人的利益）; 中饱私囊. tar and feather sb => tar1 v.mattress stuffed with feathers 羽绒褥垫. v (-dd-) [Tn] make things easy for (sb), esp by helping financially; pamper 使（某人）安逸或予以方便（尤指资助）; 娇养: They have been so feather-bedded in the past that they can't cope with hardship now. 他们一直娇生惯养, 所以现在过不了苦日子.adj (derog 贬) foolish; silly 愚蠢的; 没头脑的.n  1 boxer weighing between 53.5 and 57 kilograms, next above bantamweight 次轻量级拳击手（体重在53.5至57公斤间, 高于最轻量级）.  2 (a) (infml 口) thing or person that is light in weight 重量轻的物或人. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) thing or person of little merit or importance 微不足道的事物或人./ˈfeðərɪ; `fɛðərɪ/ adj  1 light and soft like feathers 轻而软的; 似羽毛的: feathery snowflakes 羽毛般的雪片.  2 covered or adorned with feathers 长着羽毛的; 饰有羽毛的: a feathery hat 饰有羽毛的帽子./ˈfiːtʃə(r); `fitʃɚ/ n  1 (a) [C] one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearance 面部的一部分（如鼻、口、眼）: His eyes are his most striking feature. 他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛. =>illus at head 见head插图. (b) features [pl] face viewed as a whole 面貌; 容貌: a woman of handsome, striking, delicate, etc features 相貌漂亮、动人、秀气等的女子.  2 [C] distinctive characteristic; aspect 特徵; 特色; 特点: an interesting feature of city life 城市生活的一个有趣特点 * memorable features of the Scottish landscape 苏格兰景色中令人难忘的特徵 * Many examples and extra grammatical information are among the special features of this dictionary. 本词典别具特色, 诸如例证多及新增语法要点等.  3 [C] (a) ~ (on sb/sth) (in newspapers, television, etc) special or prominent article or programme (about sb/sth) （报纸、电视等中）（关于某人[某事物]的）特写或专题节目: This magazine will be running a special feature on education next week. 这一杂志下周要发表一篇关于教育的专题文章. (b) full-length film as part of a cinema programme （电影的）正片, 故事片: the main feature following the cartoon 动画片之後的正片 * [attrib 作定语] a feature film 故事片.

1 v [Tn] give a prominent part to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）以显着地位; 由（某人[某物]）主演: a film that features a new French actress 由法国新女星主演的电影.  2 [Ipr] ~ in sth have an important or prominent part in sth 在某事物中起重要作用或扮演主要角色: Does a new job feature in your future plans? 新的工作在你的未来计画中十分重要吗?adj without distinct features (feature 2); uninteresting 无特色的; 无趣味的./in informal use 俗读作 feb; fɛb/ abbr 缩写 = February: 18 Feb 1934  1934年2月18日./ˈfiːbraɪl; `fibraɪl/ adj (fml 文) (a) caused by a fever 发烧引起的: a febrile cough 发烧引起的咳嗽. (b) having a fever 发烧的: a febrile patient 发烧的病人./ˈfebrʊərɪ; <i>US</i> -ʊerɪ; `fɛbrᴜˌɛrɪ/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Feb) the second month of the year, next after January 二月. For the uses of February see the examples at April. 关于February的用法见April词条中的示例.(US) = faecal (faeces).(US) = faeces. /ˈfeklɪs; `fɛklɪs/ adj (derog 贬) inefficient; irresponsible 效率低的; 不负责任的. adv. n [U]./ˈfiːkənd, ˈfekənd; `fikənd, `fɛkənd/ adj (fml 文) fertile; productive 肥沃的; 多产的; 丰饶的: (fig 比喻) a fecund imagination 丰富的想像力. /fɪˈkʌndətɪ; fɪ`kʌndətɪ/ n [U]./fed; fɛd/ n (US infml 口) member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局成员.pt, pp of feed1./ˌfed ˈʌp; ˌfɛd `ʌp/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about/with sb/sth) (infml 口) tired or bored; unhappy or depressed 厌倦; 厌烦; 不愉快; 沮丧: What's the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦? 你显得那么不高兴. * I'm fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了./ˈfedəreɪt; `fɛdəˌret/ v [I] (of states, organizations, etc) unite into a federation （指州、团体等）组成联邦, 结成同盟./ˌfedəˈreɪʃn; ˌfɛdə`reʃən/ n  1 [C] union of states in which individual states retain control of many internal matters but in which foreign affairs, defence, etc are the responsibility of the central (federal) government 联邦.  2 [C] similarly organized union of societies, trade unions, etc （社团、工会等的）联合会.  3 [U] action of forming a federation 结成联邦政府; 联盟./fiː; fi/ n  1 [C] (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etc 服务费, 酬金（如付予私人教师、医生等的）: pay the lawyer's fees 付律师费 * a bill for school fees 学费帐单. =>Usage at income 用法见income. (b) amount paid to sit an examination, join a club, etc （考试的）报名费、（加入俱乐部的）会费等: If you want to join, there's an entrance fee of 20 and an annual membership fee of 10. 入会须缴入会费20英镑, 年费10英镑.  2 [U] (law 律) (a) rights (esp the right to bequeath) in property that one has inherited 不动产继承权（尤指遗赠权）. (b) such property 继承的不动产./ˈfiːbl; `fibl/ adj (-r, -st) (a) weak; faint 衰弱的; 虚弱的; 微弱的: a feeble old man 衰弱的老人 * a feeble cry 微弱的喊声. (b) (derog 贬) lacking force 无力的: a feeble argument, attempt, gesture, excuse 无力的论据、尝试、手势、辩解. adj having less than usual intelligence; mentally subnormal 弱智的; 低能的.n [U]. /ˈfiːblɪ;`fiblɪ/ adv./fiːd; fid/ v (pt, pp fed/ fed; fZd/)  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) give food to (a person or an animal) 给（人或动物）食物; 喂; 喂养; 饲养: She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家人. * Have the pigs been fed yet? 猪已喂过了吗? * Have you fed the chickens? 你喂过鸡没有? * The baby needs feeding. 这婴儿需要喂了. * The baby can't feed itself yet, ie can't put food into its own mouth. 这婴儿还不会自己吃东西. * What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗? (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth give (a person or an animal) sth as food 给（人或动物）某物作为食物: feed the baby some more stewed apple 给婴儿多喂些炖苹果 * feed oats to horses 用燕麦喂马.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of animals, or jokingly of humans) eat （指动物; 但若指人时为戏谑语）吃: Have you fed yet? 你吃过饭没有? * The cows were feeding on hay in the barn. 母牛正在牲口棚里吃乾草呢. (b) [Tn] serve as food for (a person or an animal) 供（人或动物）作为食物: There's enough here to feed us all. 这里有足够的食物够我们大家吃的.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B)/~ B into A supply (sth) with material; supply (material) to sth 给（某物）提供原料; 将（原料）提供给（某物）: The lake is fed by several small streams. 这湖是由几条小溪的水汇聚而成的. * feed the fire (with wood) 往火里添柴 * The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material/feeds raw material into the machine. 传送带向机器输送原料[把原料输入机器中].  4 [Tn] (in football, etc) send passes to (a player) （足球赛等）传球给（队友）.  5 (idm 习语) bite the hand that feeds one => bite1.  6 (phr v) feed on sth be nourished or strengthened by sth 受到某事物的滋养; 因某事物而助长: Hatred feeds on envy. 因妒生恨. feed sb up give extra food to sb to make him more healthy 给（某人）额外食物使其更健康: You look very pale; I think you need feeding up a bit. 你面色不好, 得多吃些东西保养一下.

/fiːd; fid/ n  1 [C] meal, usu for animals or babies 一顿, 一餐（通常指给动物或婴儿的）: When is the baby's next feed? 这孩子下顿什么时候喂?  2 [U] (a) food for animals 饲料: There isn't enough feed left for the hens. 母鸡的饲料不够了. (b) material supplied to a machine 供给机器的原料; 进料.  3 [C] pipe, channel, etc along which material is carried to a machine 输送原料至机器的管道、沟槽等; 进料管; 进料槽: The petrol feed is blocked. 汽油管堵了./ˈfiːdbæk; `fidˌbæk/ n [U]  1 information about a product, etc that a user gives back to its supplier, maker, etc 反馈信息: We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods. 我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量.  2 return of part of the output of a system to its source, esp so as to modify the output 反馈: The feedback from the computer enables us to update the program. 计算机的反馈能使我们更新程序.n (US) = nosebag (nose1)./ˈfiːdə(r); `fidɚ/ n  1 (preceded by an adj 用于形容词之後) thing, esp an animal or a plant, that feeds in a specified way （以某种方式）进食或吸收养料者（尤指动植物）: a gross, dainty, greedy, etc feeder 吃粗劣食物的、挑剔的、贪吃的...进食者.  2 (Brit) baby's bib or feeding-bottle 围嘴; 奶瓶.  3 subsidiary route or means of transport that links outside areas with the main route, service, etc 支路; 支线: [attrib 作定语] a new feeder road for the motorway 连接高速公路的新支线.  4 feeding apparatus in a machine 机器的进料装置; 进料器.n bottle with a rubber teat for feeding liquid foods to young babies or animals 奶瓶./fiːl; fil/ v (pt, pp felt / felt; fZlt/)  1 [Tn, Tw] explore or perceive (sth) by touching or by holding in the hands 摸, 触, 触摸（某物）: feel a rock, a piece of cloth, etc 摸摸石头、布等 * Can you feel the bump on my head? 你能摸到我头上的肿块吗? * Can you tell what this is by feeling it? 你能摸出这是什么吗? * Feel how rough this is. 摸摸看这东西多粗糙.  2 [Tn, Tng, Tni] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用于进行时态) be aware of or experience (sth physical or emotional); have the sensation of; sense 感觉到, 感受到, 体会到, 体验到（身体上或情绪上的情况）; 有知觉; 觉得: We all felt the earthquake tremors. 我们都感觉到地震时的颤动. * Can you feel the tension in this room? 你能觉察出这房间里的紧张气氛吗? * After the accident, she couldn't feel anything in her left leg, ie it was numb. 出事以後, 她的左腿失去了知觉. * I can feel a nail sticking into my shoe. 我觉得有钉子扎进鞋里. * I felt something crawl(ing) up my arm. 我觉得有东西顺着我的胳膊向上爬.  3 [La] be in the specified physical, emotional or moral state 身体上、情绪上或精神上处于某种状态: feel cold, hungry, comfortable, sad, happy, etc 感到冷、饿、舒服、悲哀、快乐等 * How are you feeling today? 你今天身体好吗? * You'll feel better after a good night's sleep. 你好好睡上一觉就会好些. * She felt betrayed. 她觉得被人出卖了. * I feel rotten about not taking the children out. 我没带孩子出去觉得很不痛快.  4 [Ipr] ~ (to sb) (like sth/sb) (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) give a sensation or an impression of sth or of being sth/sb 给人以某种感觉或印象: The water feels warm. 觉得出这水是温的. * How does it feel to be alone all day? 整日独自一人感觉如何? * Nothing feels right in our new house. 我们新房子里, 样样都觉得不对劲. * This wallet feels to me like leather. 我觉得这钱包像是皮的. * It feels like rain, ie seems likely to rain. 好像要下雨. =>Usage 见所附用法.  5 ~ as if .../as though ...  (not in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) have or give the impression that ... 彷佛觉得...: I feel as if I'm going to be sick. 我觉得我好像要生病了. * My cold feels as though it's getting better. 我的感冒好像好多了. * It felt as though a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负.  6 [Tn] be particularly conscious of (sth); be affected by 对（某事）特别敏感; 受...的影响: He feels the cold a lot. 他很怕冷. * Of all the children, she felt her mother's death the most. 在所有的子女中, 数她对母亲的去世感到最难过. * We all felt the force of her arguments. 我们都觉得她的论据很有力. * Don't you feel the beauty of the countryside? 你是不是觉得郊外的景色很美呀?  7 [I] be capable of sensation 能感觉; 有知觉: The dead cannot feel. 死人没有知觉.  8 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] have as an opinion; consider; think; believe 认为; 以为; 想; 相信: We all felt (that) our luck was about to turn. 我们都认为快要转运了. * She felt in her bones that she would succeed. 她坚信自己能成功. * I felt it advisable to do nothing. 我认为最好什么也别做. * He felt the plan to be unwise/felt that the plan was unwise. 他认为这计画不当.  9 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (for sb/sth) search with the hands, the feet, a stick, etc （用手、足、杖等）寻找, 摸索, 探索: He felt in his pocket for some money. 他在口袋里摸着, 想找些钱. * I had to feel about in the dark for the light switch. 我得在黑暗中摸索着找电灯开关. * She felt along the wall for the door. 她沿着墙摸索着找门.  10 (idm 习语) be/feel called to sth => call2. ,feel `free (infml 口) (said when giving permission 用以表示准许): `May I use your phone?' `Feel free.' ｀我借用一下你的电话, 行吗?＇｀随便用吧.＇ ,feel one's `age realize that one is growing old, as one becomes less strong or one's ideas are thought to be old-fashioned （因体力渐弱或思想守旧）意识到自己老了: My children's skill with computers really makes me feel my age! 我的孩子使用电脑得心应手确使我觉得自己老了. feel one's `ears burning think or imagine that others are talking about one 觉得耳朵在发烧（认为或猜想有人在谈论自己）. feel `good feel happy, confident, etc 感到愉快、有信心等: It makes me feel good to know you like me. 我知道你喜欢我, 感到很高兴. feel (it) in one's `bones (that...) know or sense (sth) intuitively 凭直觉懂得或感到（某事物）: I know I'm going to fail this exam  I can feel it in my bones. 我知道这次考试要不及格--我有这种直觉. feel like sth/doing sth think that one would like (to do/have) sth; want (to do) sth 想要（做）某事物: I feel like (having) a drink. 我想喝点酒. * We'll go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话, 咱们就去散散步. feel one's oats (infml 口) be in an energetic and lively mood and act accordingly 感到精神饱满. feel one`self feel fit and healthy 感到有精神: I don't quite feel my`self today. 我今天有些不舒服. feel the `pinch (infml 口) (begin to) suffer from a lack of (esp) money （开始）感到缺乏（尤指钱）: The high rate of unemployment is making many families feel the pinch. 失业率很高, 许多家庭感到日子不好过了. feel/take sb's pulse => pulse1. feel one's `way (a) move along carefully, eg in darkness, by touching walls, objects, etc （沿墙壁、物体等）摸索着走（如在黑暗中）. (b) (fig 比喻) proceed cautiously 谨慎行事: At this early stage of the negotiations both sides were still feeling their way. 在这谈判的初始阶段, 双方尚十分谨慎. look/feel small => small. make one's presence felt => presence.  11 (phr v) feel for sb have sympathy for sb 同情, 怜悯（某人）: I really felt for her when her husband died. 她丈夫死了, 我十分同情她. feel up to (doing) sth consider oneself capable of (doing) sth 认为自己有能力做某事: If you feel up to it, we could walk into town after lunch. 你要是走得动, 咱们午饭後可以走到城里.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are several verbs relating to the five senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste and touch. 有几个动词与视觉、嗅觉、听觉、味觉、触觉这五种感官有关. They are often used with the verb can. 这些动词常与can连用. Normally, only the simple tenses are used. 通常只用于简单时态.  1 See, smell, hear, taste and feel indicate the experiencing of something through one of the senses *see、smell、hear、taste、feel分别表示五种感官之一对某物的感知: He saw a light in the window. 他看见窗户里有灯光. *  I heard an explosion last night. 我昨晚听到了爆炸声. *  I can smell gas. 我闻到有煤气味.  2 These verbs can also indicate somebody's physical ability to perceive with the senses 这些动词还可用以表示某人的感官能力: He can't see, hear, etc very well. 他的视力、听力等不太好.  3 Look, smell, taste, sound and feel are used to describe how somebody or something is experienced through one of the senses, usually in one of these patterns *look、smell、taste、sound、feel可用以表示通过五官之一感知某人或某事物, 通常用于下列句型: (a) She looks happy, ie She's smiling. 她看上去很高兴. (b) The wine tastes like water, ie It's very weak. 这酒的味道像水一样. (c) The singer sounds as though she's got a sore throat, ie The sound of her voice suggests that she has a sore throat. 这歌手的声音听起来好像她嗓子疼.  4 Look, smell, listen, taste, feel can indicate that somebody is making a deliberate effort to perceive something *look、smell、listen、taste、feel可用以表示某人着意要感知某事物: (a) `I can't see the spot.' `Well look harder.' ｀我看不到有斑点.＇｀再好好看看.＇ (b) `I can't hear any music.' `Listen carefully.' ｀我听不出有音乐.＇｀再用心听听.＇ (c) `I can't taste anything.' `Try tasting this.' ｀我尝不出有什么味道.＇｀再尝尝这个.＇  5 Feel and look can express the physical or emotional state of a person. *feel和look可表示人的身体或情绪的状态. Here, the continuous tenses can be used 在这种情况下可用进行时态: I feel sick,nervous, disappointed, etc. 我感到不舒服、紧张、失望等.*  He was feeling tired so he didn't come to the party. 他感到很累, 所以没来参加聚会. *  You're looking happy. Have you had good news? 你看来很高兴. 有好消息吗?

/fiːl; fil/ n [sing]  1 act of feeling 摸; 触; 触摸: Let me have a feel. 让我摸摸.  2 the feel sense of touch 触觉: rough, smooth, etc to the feel, ie when touched or felt 摸起来感到粗糙、平滑等.  3 the feel (a) sensation that sth gives when touching or being touched 触摸和被触摸时的感觉: You can tell it's silk by the feel. 你摸摸就知道是绸缎. * She loved the feel of the sun on her skin. 她喜欢太阳照射在皮肤上的那种感觉. (b) sensation created by a situation, etc （环境等给人造成的）感觉, 感受: the feel of the place, the meeting, the occasion 某地方、会议、场合的气氛的感受.  4 (idm 习语) get the feel of sth/of doing sth (infml 口) become familiar with (doing) sth 开始熟悉（做）某事: You haven't got the feel of the gears in this car yet. 你对这辆汽车的排挡还不熟悉. have a feel for sth (infml 口) have a sensitive appreciation or an easy understanding of sth 对某事物有敏锐的鉴赏力或很强的理解力: He has a good feel for languages. 他很有语感./ˈfiːlə(r); `filə/ n  1 long slender part in certain animals, esp insects, for testing things by touch 某些动物（尤指昆虫）的触须, 触角.  2 (idm 习语) put out feelers (infml 口) cautiously check the views of others 谨慎地试探别人的观点: I'll try to put out some feelers to gauge people's reactions to our proposal. 我想试探一下, 看看人们对我们建议的反应.one of a set of metal blades used for measuring gaps, etc 测隙规; 厚薄规./ˈfiːlɪŋ; `filɪŋ/ n  1 [U] ability to feel 知觉: I've lost all feeling in my legs. 我的双腿完全失去了知觉.  2 (a) [C] ~ (of sth) thing that is felt through the mind or the senses 感觉; 感触: a feeling of hunger, well-being, discomfort, gratitude, joy, etc 饥饿、健康愉快、不适、感激、快乐等的感觉. (b) [sing] ~ (of sth/that...) vague notion or belief not based wholly on reason （并非完全基于理性的）模糊观念或想法; 预感: a feeling of danger 对危险的预感 * I can't understand why, but suddenly I had this feeling that something terrible was going to happen. 我说不清为什么, 但我忽然预感到要出事了. (c) [sing] attitude; opinion 态度; 看法: The feeling of the meeting (ie The opinion of the majority) was against the proposal. 与会的人大都反对此项提议. * My own feeling is that we should buy it. 我个人的看法是我们应该把它买下来.  3 [U] (a) sensitivity; appreciation 感受力; 鉴赏力: He plays the piano with great feeling. 他演奏钢琴时表现出极强的感受力. * She hasn't much feeling for the beauty of nature. 她对大自然的美缺少鉴赏力. (b) ~ (for sb/sth) sympathetic understanding (of sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]的）同情, 体谅: You have no feeling for the sufferings of others. 你对别人的痛苦漠不关心.  4 [C, U] strong emotion, esp of discontent,resentment, etc 激情（尤指不满、怨恨等）: The candidate's speech aroused strong feeling(s) on all sides. 那位候选人的讲话激起了各方面的强烈不满. * She spoke with feeling about the high rate of unemployment. 她针对失业率之高慷慨陈辞. * Feeling over the dismissal ran high, ie There was much resentment, anger, etc about it. 对解雇事件群情鼎沸.  5 feelings [pl] person's emotions rather than intellect （与理智相对而言的）感情: The speaker appealed more to the feelings of her audience than to their reason. 她演讲时并非靠以理服人而是要打动听众的感情. * You've hurt my feelings, ie You've offended me. 你伤了我的感情.  6 (idm 习语) bad/ill `feeling resentment; dissatisfaction 恶感; 反感; 不满: His rapid promotion caused much bad feeling among his colleagues. 他获迅速提升在同事中引起很大的不满. have mixed feelings about sb/sth => mixed. no hard feelings => hard1. one's better feelings/nature => better1. relieve one's feelings => relieve. a/that sinking feeling => sink1. spare sb's feelings => spare2.

adj  1 sympathetic 有同情心的: She is very feeling/is a very feeling person. 她很有同情心.  2 [attrib 作定语] showing strong emotion; heartfelt 激动的; 衷心的: a feeling remark 恳切的言语. feelingly adv with deep emotion 激动地: He spoke feelingly about his dismissal. 他激动地谈到自己被解雇一事.pl of foot1./feɪn; fen/ v [Tn] pretend (sth) 假装, 冒充, 佯作（某事）: feign illness, madness, ignorance, etc 装病、装疯、佯作无知 * feigned innocence 装出来的清白无辜./feɪnt; fent/ n (in war, boxing, fencing, etc) pretended attack to distract an opponent's attention from the main attack （战争、拳击、击剑等中的）佯攻, 虚晃.

/feɪnt; fent/ v [I] make a feint 佯攻; 虚晃.

/feɪnt; fent/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of paper, etc) having faintly printed lines （指纸等）印有隐格线的: a narrow feint pad, ie one with narrowly-spaced faint lines 窄行隐格的拍纸簿./ˈfiːstɪ; `fistɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (US infml 口)  1 (approv 褒) spirited; energetic; forceful 精神饱满的; 精力充沛的; 强有力的.  2 (derog 贬) irritable; quarrelsome 脾气坏的; 好争吵的: a feisty old man 脾气很坏的人./ˈfeldspɑː(r); `fɛldˌspɑr/ (also felspar / 5felspB:(r); `fZl9spBr/) n [U] white or red mineral rock that contains aluminium and other silicates 长石./fəˈlɪsɪteɪt; fə`lɪsəˌtet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) (fml 文) congratulate sb 祝贺某人; 向某人道贺. /fəˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃn; fəˌlɪsə`teʃən/ n [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数]./fəˈlɪsɪtəs; fə`lɪsətəs/ adj (fml 文) (esp of words) well-chosen; apt （尤指词语）经推敲的; 恰当的: felicitous remarks 恰如其分的言语 * Her choice of music is felicitous. 她选择的音乐很适当. adv./fəˈlɪsətɪ; fə`lɪsətɪ/ n (fml 文)  1 [U] great happiness 幸福; 快乐.  2 [C, U] (instance of a) pleasing style of speaking or writing （言语文字的）得当, 得体: the many felicities of her language 她言辞中妙语如珠 * He expressed himself with great felicity. 他表达自己的意思恰到好处./ˈfiːlaɪn; `filaɪn/ adj, n (of or like an) animal of the cat family 猫科动物; （似）猫科的: walk with a feline grace 轻巧地行走.pt of fall1.

/fel; fɛl/ adj  1 (arch 古) fierce; destructive 凶猛的; 毁灭性的.  2 (idm 习语) at one fell swoop in a single deadly action 狠狠地一下子.

/fel; fɛl/ n stretch of bare rocky moorland or hilly land in northern England （英格兰北部的）荒野, 沼泽地: the Lakeland Fells 莱克兰荒野.

/fel; fɛl/ v [Tn]  1 cut down (a tree) 砍伐（树木）.  2 knock down (sb) with a blow 击倒, 打倒（某人）: He felled his enemy with a single blow. 他一拳就把敌人打倒了./fəˈleɪʃiːəʊ; fə`leʃio/ n [U] (fml 文) stimulation of the penis by sucking or licking 吮吸或舔阴茎之刺激./ˈfeləʊ; `fɛlo/ n  1 (esp pl, often in compounds 尤作复数, 常用以构成复合词) companion; comrade 同伴; 同志: `playfellows * `bedfellows * fellows in good fortune, misery 共安乐、共患难的人 * Her fellows share her interest in computers. 她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣.  2 [attrib 作定语] of the same class, kind, etc 同阶层的; 同种的; 同类的: a fellow member 同一组织的成员 * one's ,fellow-`countrymen 同胞.  3 (esp Brit) member of a learned society 学术团体的成员: Fellow of the Royal Academy 皇家学会会员.  4 member of the governing body of some colleges or universities （某些学院或大学的）董事.  5 (esp US) graduate student holding a fellowship （接受奖学金的）研究生.  6 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) one of a pair 一对中之一: Here's one of my shoes, but where's its fellow? 我的一只鞋在这里, 另一只在哪里呢?  7 (infml 口) man or boy; chap 男人; 男孩; 小伙子: He's a nice fellow. 他是个很好的人. * Poor fellow! 可怜的小伙子! * (joc 谑) Where can a fellow (ie Where can I) get a bite to eat round here? 我在附近什么地方能弄到点吃的?  8 (idm 习语) be hail-fellow-well-met (with sb) => hail.n [U] sympathy with sb whose experience, etc one shares （对与自己经历等相同的人所产生的）同情.n  1 person who sympathizes with the aims of a political party (esp the Communist Party) but is not a member （政党, 尤指共产党的）同路人.  2 person one is travelling with 旅伴./ˈfeləʊʃɪp; `fɛloˌʃɪp/ n  1 [U] friendly association with others; companionship 友谊; 交情: enjoy fellowship with people 喜欢与人交往 * fellowship in misfortune 患难之交.  2 (a) [C] group or society of people sharing a common interest or aim （有共同利益或目标的人组成的）团体, 协会, 联谊会. (b) [U] membership in such a group or society （团体、协会、联谊会的）会员资格: admitted to fellowship 获准入会.  3 [C] (esp Brit) position of a (college) fellow （学院中）董事的职位, 研究员的职位.  4 [C] award of money to a graduate student in return for some teaching, research assistance, etc 研究生的奖学金（作为助教、助研等工作之报酬）: We give three research fellowships a year. 我们每年给三个研究生的奖学金./ˈfelən; `fɛlən/ n person guilty of felony 重罪犯./fəˈləʊnɪəs; fə`lonɪəs/ adj of or involving felony; criminal 重罪的; 犯重罪的./ˈfelənɪ; `fɛlənɪ/ n [C, U] (law 律) serious crime, eg murder, armed robbery or arson 重罪（如谋杀、持械抢劫或放火）: a series of felonies 一连串的重罪案 * be convicted of felony 被判犯有重罪.= feldspar.pt, pp of feel1.

/felt; fɛlt/ n [U] wool, hair or fur, compressed and rolled flat into a thick cloth 毛毡: [attrib 作定语] felt hats, slippers, etc 毡帽、毡制拖鞋.n (also felt-tip, felt-tipped pen) pen with a tip made of felt 毡头笔./fəˈlʌkə; fə`lʌkə/ n narrow ship with oars or sails or both, used on Mediterranean coasts （用桨或帆或两者皆用的）小船（用于地中海沿岸）.abbr 缩写 = female; feminine. Cf 参看 masc./ˈfiːmeɪl; `fimel/ adj  1 (a) of the sex that can give birth to children or produce eggs 女的; 母的; 雌性的: a female dog, cat, pig, etc 母狗、母猫、母猪. (b) (of plants and flowers) producing fruit （指树木、花卉）结果实的, 雌性的, 有雌蕊的: a female fig-tree 雌性无花果树.  2 of or typical of women 妇女的; 女性的; 女性特有的: female suffrage 妇女选举权 * the female mentality 妇女心态.  3 (of a plug, socket, etc) having a hollow part designed to receive an inserted part （指插头、插座等）有内孔的, 凹的.

n  1 female animal or plant 雌性的动物或植物.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) woman 女人: Who on earth is that female he's with? 跟他在一起的那个女人究竟是谁?

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 (a) Male and female are nouns and adjectives used to indicate the sex of living things *male和female既可作名词也可作形容词, 用以表示生物的性别: a male/female giraffe, bird, sardine, child, flower, etc 公[母]长颈鹿、鸟、沙丁鱼; 男[女]孩子; 雄性的[雌性的]花等 *  The males in the herd protect the females and the young. 兽群中的雄性动物保护雌性动物和幼仔. (b) When speaking of humans the adjectives male/female refer especially to the physical features of one sex or the other *male/female作形容词用于人时, 尤指男女的性别特徵: The male voice is deeper than the female. 男性的嗓音比女性的低沉. *  the female figure 女性的身材. (c) When speaking about occupations, we usually say: a woman doctor/women doctors (NOT a female doctor/female doctors, though we do say a male doctor, NOT a man doctor). 谈到男女的 职业, 通常说: a woman doctor/ women doctors（不可说a female doctor/ female doctors, 但却一定要说a male doctor, 而不可说a man doctor）. (d) The nouns male/female should not be used to refer to people (as opposed to their qualities, etc) *male/female作名词时不能用以指人. They can give offence, esp female. 用于指人时会引起反感, 尤其是female一词. We use man/woman instead 这时要用man/woman: Men have more body hair than women. 男人的寒毛比女人的多.  2 (a) Masculine and feminine are adjectives used to describe the behaviour, appearance, etc considered normal or acceptable for humans of one sex or the other. *masculine和feminine为形容词, 用以描述所谓正常的或公认的男女之别, 如行为、外貌等. They can therefore be used of the `opposite' sex: a man can be described as feminine but not female 形容男人可用feminine而不可用female: She dresses in a very feminine way. 她穿得非常女性化. * She has a deep masculine voice. 她的声音像男人的那样低沉. (b) As nouns and adjectives masculine and feminine (as well as neuter) indicate grammatical gender. *masculine和feminine（以及neuter）作名词和形容词, 分别用以指语法中的阳性和阴性（以及中性）./ˈfemənɪn; `fɛmənɪn/ adj  1 of or like women; having the qualities or appearance considered characteristic of women 女性的; 女人般的; 具有女性气质或外貌特徵的: a feminine voice, figure, appearance 女性的嗓声、体形、容貌.  2 (grammar) belonging to a class of words in English referring to female persons, animals, etc and often having a special form 阴性的: `Lioness' is the feminine form of `lion'. lioness是lion的阴性形式. * The feminine form of `count' is `countess'. count的阴性形式是countess.

n (grammar) feminine word or gender 阴性词; 阴性./ˌfeməˈnɪnətɪ; ˌfɛmə`nɪnətɪ/ n [U] quality of being feminine 女子的气质. =>Usage at female 用法见female. Cf 参看 masculine./ˈfemɪnɪzəm; `fɛməˌnɪzəm/ n [U] (a) belief in the principle that women should have the same rights and opportunities (legal, political, social, economic, etc) as men 男女平等主义. (b) movement in support of this 争取女权运动./ˈfemɪnɪst; `fɛməˌnɪst/ n supporter offeminism 男女平等主义者; 争取女权主义者: Suffragettes were among the first feminists in Britain. 争取选举权的妇女是英国最早的男女平等主义者. * [attrib 作定语] He has strong feminist opinions. 他有强烈的男女平等思想./ˌfm fəˈtɑːl; ˌfæm fə`tɑl/ (pl femmes fatales / 9fm fE5tB:l; 9fAm fE`tBl/) (French 法) woman to whom a man feels irresistibly attracted, with dangerous or unhappy results 妖媚迷人的女子（为男子的祸患）: She was his femme fatale. 她是他的红颜祸水./ˈfemərəl;`fɛmərəl/ adj./ˈfiːmə(r); `fimɚ/ n (pl ~s or  femora / 5femErE; `fZmErE/) (anatomy 解) thigh-bone 股骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. /fen; fɛn/ n  1 [C] area of low marshy land 沼地; 沼泽.  2 the Fens [pl] low marshy areas in parts of East Anglia （英格兰东部的）沼泽地区. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv./fens; fɛns/ n  1 structure of rails, stakes, wire, etc, esp one put round a field or garden to mark a boundary or keep animals from straying 栅栏; 篱笆; 围墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.  2 (idm 习语) come down on one side of the fence or the other => side1. sit on the fence => sit.

v  1 [Tn] surround, divide, etc (sth) with a fence 用栅栏、篱笆、围墙等将（某物）围着或隔开等: Farmers fence their fields. 农人用篱笆把田地围起. * His land was fenced with barbed wire. 他的土地用铁丝网围着.  2 (phr v) fence sb/sth in (a) surround or enclose sb/sth with a fence 用栅栏、篱笆、围墙等围着或圈起某人[某物]: The grounds are fenced in to prevent trespassing. 庭院用栅栏围着以防外人进去. (b) restrict the freedom of sb 限制某人的自由: She felt fenced in by domestic routine. 她觉得自己完全被家务事束缚住了. fence sth off separate (one area from another) with a fence 用栅栏、篱笆、围墙等将（某处）隔开: One end of the garden was fenced off for chickens. 花园的一端已用篱笆隔开来养鸡.

/fens; fɛns/ v  1 [I] (sport 体) fight with a long slender sword (foil, epee or sabre) 击剑.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) be evasive; avoid giving a direct answer to a question(er) 回避; 避免作正面回答: Stop fencing with me  answer my question! 别躲躲闪闪--回答我的问题!

/fens; fɛns/ n person who knowingly buys and resells stolen goods 买卖赃物的人.n person who fences (fence2 1) 击剑运动员./ˈfensɪŋ; `fɛnsɪŋ/ [U] material used for making fences, eg wood, wire, etc 制做栅栏、篱笆、围墙等的材料（如木材、金属丝等）.

n [U] art or sport of fighting with foils or other types of sword 击剑术; 击剑运动. =>illus 见插图./fend; fɛnd/ v (phr v) fend for one`self take care of or look after oneself; support oneself 照顾自己; 自谋生计; 独立生活: It is time you left home and learnt to fend for yourself. 你应该离家自立了. fend sth/sb off defend oneself from sth/sb; fight sth/sb off 抵御或抵挡某事物[某人]: fend off a blow 挡开一击 * The minister had to fend off some awkward questions from reporters. 部长需避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题. * He tried to kiss her but she fended him off. 他想吻她, 但她把他挡开了./ˈfendə(r); `fɛndɚ/ n  1 metal frame placed around a fireplace to prevent burning coal, etc from falling out or young children from falling in 壁炉的栅栏.  2 mass of rope, piece of wood, rubber tyre, etc, hung on the side of a boat to prevent damage, eg when it is alongside a wharf or another boat 护舷垫（船舷悬挂的绳团、木块、轮胎等, 防碰损用）.  3 (US) (a) mudguard (mud) of a bicycle, etc （自行车等的）挡泥板. (b) = wing 4./ˈfenl; `fɛnl/ n [U] herb with yellow flowers, used for flavouring food 茴香（用以调味）./ˈfɪərəl; <i>US</i> ˈferəl; `fɛrəl/ adj (fml 文) (of animals) wild or savage, esp after escaping from captivity or from life as a pet （指动物）野的, 凶猛的（尤指捕後逃脱或豢养後逃脱者）: feral cats 野猫./fəˈment; fɚ`mɛnt/ v [I, Tn]  1 (make sth) change chemically through the action of organic substances (esp yeast) （使某物）发酵: Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time. 果汁放置日久会发酵. * When wine is fermented it gives off bubbles of gas. 酒发酵时会放出气泡.  2 (fig 比喻) excite; stir up 激起; 煽动: ferment trouble among the factory workers 在工人中引起骚动.

/ˈfɜːment; `fɝmɛnt/ n  1 [C] substance, eg yeast, that causes sth to ferment 发酵剂; 酵母.  2 [U] (esp political or social) excitement or unrest （尤指政治或社会方面的）动荡不安: The country was in (a state of) ferment. 这个国家处于动荡不安之中./ˌfɜːmenˈteɪʃn; ˌfɝmɛn`teʃən/ n [U] (action or process of) fermenting 发酵: Sugar is converted into alcohol through the process of fermentation. 糖经发酵变成酒精. * The fermentation of milk causes it to curdle. 牛奶发酵会凝结起来./fɜːn; fɝn/ n [C, U] type of flowerless plant with feathery green leaves 蕨; 蕨类植物: ferns growing in pots 长在盆内的蕨类植物 * hillsides covered in fern 长满蕨 类植物的山坡 * a spray of ornamental fern 蕨类植物的枝状饰物. adj./fəˈrəʊʃəs; fə`roʃəs/ adj fierce, violent or savage 残忍的; 凶猛的; 野蛮的: a ferocious beast 猛兽 * ferocious cruelty 残酷的行为 * a ferocious onslaught 猛攻 * (fig 比喻) a ferocious campaign against us in the press 新闻界对我们的猛烈抨击. adv: snarling ferociously 凶猛地咆哮./fəˈrɒsətɪ; fə`rɑsətɪ/ n  1 [U] fierceness; violence 凶恶; 残暴; 凶猛: The lion attacked its victim with great ferocity. 狮子凶猛地扑向猎物.  2 [C] fierce or savage act 凶猛的行为; 暴行./ˈferɪt; `fɛrɪt/ n small animal of the weasel family, kept for driving rabbits from their burrows, killing rats, etc 雪貂（用以将兔从洞中逐出、捕鼠等）. Cf 参看 ermine, weasel.

v  1 [I] (usu 通常作 go ferreting) hunt (rabbits, rats, etc) with ferrets 用雪貂捕猎（兔、鼠等）.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (for sth) (infml 口) search; rummage 搜寻; 翻找: I spent the day ferreting (about) in the attic (for old photographs). 我一整天都在阁楼上翻找（旧照片）.  3 (phr v) ferret sth out (infml 口) discover sth by searching or asking questions thoroughly （通过搜查或仔细盘问）发现某事物; 查获; 侦破: ferret out a secret, the truth, the facts, etc 查明秘密、真相、事实等./ˈferɪs wiːl; <i>US</i> hwiːl; `fɛrɪs ˌhwil/ (in fairgrounds, etc) large upright wheel revolving on a fixed axle and having seats hanging from its rim （游乐场等处的）摩天轮（在垂直转动的巨轮上挂有座位的游乐设施）./ˌferəʊˈkɒŋkriːt; ˌfɛro`kɑnkrit/ n [U] = reinforced concrete (reinforce)./ˈferəs; `fɛrəs/ adj [attrib 作定语] containing or relating to iron 含铁的; 铁的: ferrous and non-ferrous metals 黑色及有色金属./ˈferuːl; <i>US</i> ˈferəl; `fɛrəl/ n metal ring or cap placed on the end of a stick, an umbrella, etc to stop it splitting or wearing down （手杖、伞等顶端的）金属箍, 金属包头./ˈferɪ; `fɛrɪ/ n  1 boat, hovercraft, etc that carries people and goods across a stretch of water 渡船: The ferry leaves for France at one o'clock. 渡船于一点钟开往法国. * travel by ferry 乘渡船 * [attrib 作定语] the cross-channel ferry service 摆渡服务.  2 place where such a service operates 渡口: We waited at the ferry for two hours. 我们在渡口等了两小时.

v (pt, pp ferried) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] transport (people or goods) by boat, aeroplane, etc, usu a short distance over a stretch of water, or regularly over a period of time （用船或飞机等）运送（人或货物）（通常指短程的或定期的）: ferry goods to the mainland 将货物运往大陆 * Can you ferry us across? 你能渡我们过去吗? * ferry the children to and from school 接送孩子上学 * planes ferrying food to the refugees 给难民运送食物的飞机.n boat used as a ferry 渡船./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) person in charge of a (usu small) ferry 渡船主, 渡船工人（通常指小渡船的）./ˈfɜːtaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈfɜːrtl; `fɝtl/ adj  1 (of land/or soil) able to produce much; rich in nutrients （指土地）肥沃的, 富饶的: The plains of Alberta are extremely fertile. 艾伯塔平原极其肥沃.  2 (of plants or animals) able to produce fruit or young （指动植物）能结果实的, 能生育的.  3 (of seeds or eggs) capable of developing into a new plant or animal; fertilized （指籽、卵）能发芽的, 能孵的, 受精的.  4 (of a person's mind) full of new ideas; inventive （指人的头脑）主意多的, 有创造力的: have a fertile imagination 有丰富的想像力. Cf 参看 sterile.=> fertilization=> fertilize=> fertilizer/fəˈtɪlətɪ; fɝ`tɪlətɪ/ n [U] state or condition of being fertile 肥沃; 多产; 丰富: the fertility of the soil 土地的肥沃 * great fertility of mind 丰富的智慧./ˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-;ˌfɝtlə`zeʃən/ n [U]: successful fertilization by the male 授精; 受胎./ˈfɜːtəlaɪz; `fɝtlˌaɪz/ v [Tn]  1 introduce pollen or sperm into (a plant, an egg or a female animal) so that it develops seed or young 使（动植物）受孕, 受精, 受粉: Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar. 蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉.  2 make (soil, etc) fertile or productive 使（土地等）肥沃, 多产: fertilize the garden with manure 给花园施肥.n [U, C] natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it more fertile 肥料; 化肥: Get some more fertilizer for the garden. 给花园再多施些肥料. * Bone-meal and nitrates are common fertilizers. 骨粉和硝酸盐是普通的肥料. Cf 参看 manure./ˈfɜːvənt; `fɝvənt/ (also fervid) adj showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate 热诚的; 热情的; 热烈的; 强烈的: a fervent farewell speech 热情的告别演说 * fervent love, hatred, etc 强烈的爱、恨等 * a fervent admirer 痴心的倾慕者. adv: believe fervently in eventual victory 坚信最後会取得胜利./ˈfɜːvɪd; `fɝvɪd/ adj (fml 文) = fervent. adv./ˈfɜːvə(r); `fɝvɚ/ n [U] strength or warmth of feeling; enthusiasm 热烈; 热诚; 热情: speak with great fervour 热情洋溢地说./ˈfestl; `fɛstl/ adj (fml 文) of a festival; gay and joyful 节日的; 欢乐的. Cf 参看 festive./ˈfestə(r); `fɛstɚ/ v [I]  1 (of a cut or wound) become infected and filled with pus （指伤口）溃烂, 化脓: a festering sore 化脓的伤处.  2 (fig 比喻) (of feelings or thoughts) become more bitter and angry （指感情或思想）更加痛苦和愤怒: The resentment festered in his mind. 他心中的愤恨有增无已./ˈfestəvl; `fɛstəvl/ n  1 (day or time of) religious or other celebration 节日; 节期; 喜庆日: Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals. 圣诞节和复活节是基督教的节日. * [attrib 作定语] a festival atmosphere 节日的气氛.  2 series of performances of music, drama, films, etc given periodically （音乐、戏剧、电影等的）会演: the Edinburgh Festival 爱丁堡艺术会演 * a jazz festival 爵士音乐会演./ˈfestɪv; `fɛstɪv/ adj of or suitable for a feast or festival; joyous 欢宴的; 节日的; 欢乐的: the festive season, ie Christmas 欢乐的节日（即圣诞节） * The whole town is in festive mood. 全镇沉浸在节日的气氛之中. Cf 参看 festal./feˈstɪvətɪ; fɛs`tɪvətɪ/ n  1 [U] rejoicing; merry-making 欢宴; 欢庆; 欢乐: The royal wedding was an occasion of great festivity. 皇室婚礼是喜庆的盛事.  2 festivities [pl] festive, joyful events; celebrations 庆典; 喜庆: wedding festivities 结婚庆典./feˈstuːn; fɛs`tun/ n chain of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc hung in a curve or loop as a decoration 花彩.

v [esp passive 尤用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) decorate sb/sth with festoons 给某人[某物]饰以花彩: a room festooned with paper streamers 饰有纸带花彩的房间.=> foetus./fetʃ; fɛtʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~sb/sth (for sb) go for and bring back sb/sth 接来（某人）[取来（某物）]: Fetch a doctor at once. 快去请医生来. * Please fetch the children from school. 请到学校把孩子接回来. * The chair is in the garden; please fetch it in. 椅子在花园里, 请把它搬进来. * Should I fetch you your coat/fetch your coat for you from the next room? 要我去隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来吗?  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (dated 旧) cause (sth) to come out 使（某物）出来; 使发出: fetched a deep sigh 发出深深的叹息 * fetch tears to the eyes 使泪水涌上眼眶.  3 [Tn, Dn.n] (of goods) be sold for (a price) （指货物）售得, 卖得（某价钱）: The picture should fetch 2000 at auction. 这张画拍卖可得2000英镑. * Those old books won't fetch (you) much. 这些旧书卖不了多少钱.  4 [Dn.n] (infml 口) give (a blow) to (sb) 给（某人）（一击）: She fetched him a terrific slap in the face. 她狠狠地给了他一记耳光.  5 (idm 习语) fetch and `carry (for sb) act like a servant (for sb); be busy with small duties 供（某人）差遣; 忙于杂务: He expects his daughter to fetch and carry for him all day. 他希望女儿终日听他支使.  6 (phr v) fetch up (infml 口) arrive at a certain place or in a certain position; land up 到达; 处于: Where on earth have we fetched up now? 我们现在究竟到哪里了?/ˈfetʃɪŋ; `fɛtʃɪŋ/ adj (dated infml 旧, 口) attractive 迷人的; 吸引人的: a fetching smile 迷人的微笑 * You look very fetching in that hat. 你戴着这顶帽子显得格外动人. adv./feɪt; fet/ n outdoor entertainment or sale, usu to raise money for a special purpose （室外举行的）游乐会, 义卖会: the school/village/church fete 学校[村民/教会]举办的义卖会.

v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] honour or entertain (sb) in a special way 特别款待或招待（某人）: The queen was feted wherever she went. 女王不论走到哪里都受到盛情款待./ˈfetɪd, ˈfiːtɪd; `fɛtɪd, `fitɪd/ adj smelling foul or unpleasant; stinking 有恶臭的; 臭的: fetid air 臭气./ˈfetɪʃ; `fɛtɪʃ/ n  1 object that is worshipped, esp because a spirit is believed to live in it 物神（尤指认为有神灵寓于其中而受膜拜的）.  2 (a) thing to which more respect or attention is given than is normal or sensible 受到过分崇拜或注意的东西: He makes a fetish of his new car. 他把自己的新汽车奉若神明. (b) object or activity that is necessary for or adds to an individual's sexual pleasure; fixation 能引起或增强个人性快感的物体或活动; 不正常的依恋; 固恋: Women's underclothes are a common fetish. 女人的内衣裤是常见的能引起性快感的恋物. n [U]: magazines which cater to fetishism in men 迎合男子异常性兴奋需要的杂志. n./ˈfetlɒk; `fɛtˌlɑk/ n part of a horse's leg above and behind the hoof, where a tuft of hair grows 球节（马蹄上生距毛的突起部分）. =>illus at horse 见 horse 插图./ˈfetə(r); `fɛtɚ/ n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 chain put round the feet of a person or animal to limit movement 脚镣; （动物的）足械: The prisoner was kept in fetters. 犯人戴着脚镣.  2 (fig 比喻) thing that restricts or hinders 桎梏; 束缚; 　绊: the fetters of poverty 贫困的束缚.

v [Tn]  1 put (sb) in fetters 给（某人）戴上脚镣.  2 restrict or hinder (sb) in any way 束缚或阻碍（某人）: I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations. 我讨厌受清规戒律的束缚./ˈfetl; `fɛtl/ n (idm 习语) in fine, good, etc `fettle fit and cheerful 健壮而愉快: The team are all in excellent fettle. 队员们个个精神抖擞、神采奕奕.= foetus./fjuːd; fjud/ n long and bitter quarrel between two people, families or groups （两人、家族或团体间的）长期不和, 世仇: a long-standing feud 夙怨 * Because of a family feud, he never spoke to his wife's parents for years. 由于两家不和, 他已多年不与岳父母说话.

v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) carry on a feud 长期争斗; 结世仇: feuding neighbours 长期不睦的邻居 * The two tribes are always feuding (with each other). 这两个部落一直争斗不休./ˈfjuːdl; `fjudl/ adj of or according to the system as during the Middle Ages in Europe, under which people receive land and protection from the landowner and work and fight for him in return 封建的; 封建制度的: feudal law 封建制度的法律 * the feudal barons 封建贵族 * The way some landowners treat their tenants today seems almost feudal. 今天有些地主仍以近乎封建的方式对待佃农./-dəlɪzəm; -dlɪzəm/ n [U] (attitudes and structure of) the feudal system 封建制度; 封建主义. /ˌfjuːdəˈlɪstɪk; ˌfjudl`ɪstɪk/ adj./ˈfiːvə(r); `fivɚ/ n  1 [C, U] abnormally high body temperature, esp as a sign of illness 发烧; 发热: He has a high fever. 他发高烧. * Aspirin can reduce fever. 阿司匹林可以退烧.  2 [U] specified disease in which (a) fever occurs 热病: yellow, typhoid, rheumatic, etc fever 黄热病、伤寒、风湿热.  3 [sing] (state of) nervous excitement or agitation 兴奋; 激动: He waited for her arrival in a fever of impatience. 他激动不安地等待她到来.  4 (idm 习语) at/to `fever pitch at/to a high level of excitement 高度兴奋; 极为激动: The speaker brought the crowd to fever pitch. 演讲者激起群众高昂的情绪.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 affected by or suffering from a fever 发烧的; 发热的: She cooled her child's fevered brow. 她给孩子滚烫的额头降温.  2 highly excited 激动的; 高度兴奋的: a fevered imagination 奔放的想像力./ˈfiːvərɪʃ; `fivərɪʃ/ adj  1 having a fever; caused or accompanied by a fever 发烧的; 发烧引起的; 伴有发烧的: The child's body felt feverish. 这孩子身上发烧. * During her illness she had feverish dreams. 她生病期间因发烧而做梦.  2 excited; restless 激动的; 焦躁不安的: with feverish haste 急匆匆地. feverishly adv very quickly or excitedly 心急如焚地: searching feverishly for her missing jewels 心急火燎地寻找她丢失的珠宝./fjuː; fju/ indef det, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (-er, -est)  1 (used with pl [C] ns and a pl v 与复数可数名词和动词复数形式连用) not many 不多; 很少: Few people live to be 100. 很少有人活到一百岁. * a man/woman of few words, ie one who speaks very little 沉默寡言的人 * There are fewer cars parked outside than yesterday. 外面停的汽车比昨天少. * The police found very few clues to the murderer's identity. 警方对杀人凶手的线索所知甚少. * There are very few opportunities for promotion. 晋升的机会很少. * The few houses we have seen are in terrible condition. 我们见到的为数不多的几所房子都非常糟糕. * There were too few people at the meeting. 参加会议的人寥寥无几. * Accidents on site are few. 工地上事故不多. (Cf 参看 There are few accidents on site. ) =>Usage at less 用法见less. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1.  2 (idm 习语) ,few and ,far be`tween infrequent, with long periods of waiting involved 少的（要等候很久的）: The buses to our village are few and far between. 到我们村的公共汽车很少. * The sunny intervals we were promised have been few and far between. 我们原可望能有几阵晴天, 结果却很稀少.

indef pron not many people, things, places, etc 很少的人、物、地方等. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Of the 150 passengers, few escaped injury. 150名乘客中鲜有未受伤者. * Few can deny the impact of his leadership. 几乎没有人能否定他的领导作用. * (saying 谚) Many are called but few are chosen. 邀请的人多, 选上的人少. * Hundreds of new records are produced each week but few (of them) get into the charts. 每周推出数以百计的新唱片, 但（其中）没有几张能进入每周流行榜. (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): Few of us will still be alive in the year 2050. 我们很少有人能活到2050年. * The few who came to the concert enjoyed it. 来听音乐会的少数几个人喜欢这场音乐会. * We saw few of the sights as we were only there for two hours. 我们在那里只待了两个小时, 因此没怎么游览.

/fjuː; fju/ a few indef det (used with pl [C] ns and pl vs 与复数可数名词和动词复数形式连用) a small number of; some 少数; 几个: a few letters 几封信 * a few days ago 几天前 * He asked us a few questions. 他问了我们几个问题. * A few people are coming for tea. 有几个人要来吃茶点. * Only a few (ie Not many) students were awarded distinctions. 只有几个学生获得优等成绩. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1./feɪ; fe/ adj  1 (Scot 苏格兰) having a feeling of approaching death; able to foretell disaster 感到死期近的; 能预知灾难的.  2 having a strange whimsical charm 有稀奇古怪的魔力的.  3 (derog 贬) (of a person and his behaviour) not serious; frivolous （指人及其行为）不认真的, 轻浮的. n [U]./fez; fɛz/ n (pl fezzes) red felt hat with a flat top and a tassle but no brim, worn by men in certain Muslim countries （某些回教国家男子戴的平顶无边的）红毡帽. =>illus at hat 见hat插图.abbr 缩写 =  1 and the following (pages, lines, etc) 及其後的（页、行等）: early childhood, p 10 ff, eg in the index of a book 童年时期, 自第10页起（如见于书目中）.  2 (music 音) very loudly (Italian fortissimo) 极强的; 非常响的（源自意大利文 fortissimo）. Cf 参看 pp 3.(fem 阴性作 fiancee) / fI5CnseI; ?@ 9fi:B:n5seI;9fiBn`se/ n man or woman to whom one is engaged to be married 未婚夫; 未婚妻: his fiancee 他的未婚妻 * her fiance 她的未婚夫./fɪˈæskəʊ; fɪ`æsko/ n (pl ~s; US also ~es) complete and ridiculous failure 彻底的失败; 惨败; 大出丑: The party was a total fiasco because the wrong date was given on the invitations. 那个聚会落得一场空, 因为请帖上的日期弄错了./ˈfaɪæt; <i>US</i> also ˈfiːət; `faɪæt, `fiət/ n [C, U] (fml 文) formal authorization, order or decree 谕; 命令; 法令: The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat. 开设市场摊位受市政法令管制./fɪb; fɪb/ n (infml 口) untrue statement, esp about sth unimportant 谎言; （尤指无伤大雅的）小谎: Stop telling such silly fibs. 别说这种傻乎乎的谎话了. Cf 参看 lie1 n.

v (-bb-) [I] say untrue things; tell a fib or fibs 说假话; 撒小谎: Stop fibbing! 别扯谎了! fibber n person who tells fibs 撒小谎的人: You little fibber! 你这个小骗子!

/fɪb; fɪb/ n (infml 口) untrue statement, esp about sth unimportant 谎言; （尤指无伤大雅的）小谎: Stop telling such silly fibs. 别说这种傻乎乎的谎话了. Cf 参看 lie1 n.=> fibreboard=> fibreboard/ˈfaɪbə(r); `faɪbɚ/ n  1 [C] any of the slender threads of which many animal and plant tissues are formed （动植物的）纤维: a cotton, wood, nerve, muscle fibre 棉、木、神经、肌肉的纤维.  2 [U] material or substance formed from a mass of fibres 纤维质: cotton fibre for spinning 用以纺纱的棉纤维 * The muscle fibre of this animal is diseased. 这个动物的肌肉纤维产生了病变. * Eating cereals and fruit will give you plenty of fibre in your diet. 吃谷类食物和水果能多摄取纤维素.  3 [U] (a) texture or structure 质地; 结构: material of coarse fibre 粗糙的材料. (b) (fig 比喻) person's character 品格; 性情: a woman of strong moral fibre 道德观念强的女子.transmission of information by means of infra-red light signals along a thin glass fibre 光导纤维通讯.ns [U] (also glass fibre) material made from glass fibres and resin, used for insulation and in making cars, boats, etc 玻璃纤维: [attrib 作定语] a fibreglass racing yacht 玻璃纤维赛艇.=> fibreboard/faɪˈbrəʊsɪs; faɪ`brosɪs/ n [U] abnormal increase or development of fibrous tissue or muscle 纤维变性; 纤维化./ˌfaɪbrəˈsaɪtɪs; ˌfaɪbrə`saɪtɪs/ n [U] inflammation of the fibrous tissue of the body, esp the muscles of the back, causing severe pain and stiffness 纤维织炎; 肌风湿病. Cf 参看 arthritis, rheumatism./ˈfaɪbrəs; `faɪbrəs/ adj like or made of fibres 似纤维的; 纤维制的./ˈfɪbjʊlə; `fɪbjələ/ n (pl fibulae / -li:; -9li/) (anatomy 解) outer of the two bones between the knee and the foot 腓骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图./ˈfɪkl; `fɪkl/ adj often changing; not constant 易变的; 无常的: fickle weather, fortune 变化无常的天气、变幻莫测的命运 * a fickle person, lover, etc, ie not faithfulor loyal 出尔反尔的人、用情不专的情人. n [U]: the fickleness of the English climate 英国气候之多变./ˈfɪkʃn; `fɪkʃən/ n  1 [U] type of literature (eg novels, stories) describing imaginary events and people 小说: works of fiction 小说作品 * He writes fiction. 他是写小说的. * Truth is often stranger than fiction. 事实往往比小说更离奇. Cf 参看 non-fiction.  2 [C] thing that is invented or imagined and not strictly true 虚构的或想像出的事; 并非完全真实的事: a polite fiction, ie sth assumed to be true (though it may not be) for social reasons 冠冕堂皇的应酬话. Cf 参看 fact./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj of fiction; told as a story 小说的; 虚构的: fictional characters 虚构的人物 * a fictional account of life on a farm 描述农场生活的虚构情节.=> fictionalize/ˈfɪkʃənəlaɪz; `fɪkʃənəˌlaɪz/ v [Tn] write about (a true event) as if it were fiction or in the style of a fictional story, inventing some of the details, characters, etc 将（真实事情）编写成小说: fictionalized history 演义./fɪkˈtɪʃəs; fɪk`tɪʃəs/ adj imagined or invented; not real 想像的; 虚构的; 假的: The account he gives of his childhood is quite fictitious. 他把童年往事说得很假. * All the places and characters in my novel are entirely fictitious. 我这篇小说中所有的地点和人物都是虚构的./ˌfɪd ˈdef; ˌfɪd `dɛf/ abbr 缩写 = FD./ˈfɪdl; `fɪdl/ n  1 (infml 口) violin 小提琴.  2 (sl 俚) thing done dishonestly; swindle; fraud 骗局; 欺诈; 欺骗行为: It's all a fiddle! 完全是骗局!  3 (idm 习语) be on the `fiddle (sl 俚) behave illegally, or dishonestly 干违法的或不正当的事. fit as a fiddle => fit1. play second `fiddle (to sb/sth) be treated as less important than another person, activity, etc 居次位; 当副手: I have no intention of playing second fiddle to the new director, so I've resigned. 我不想当新董事的副手, 所以辞职了. * His family has had to play second fiddle to his political career. 他因从政而把家庭置于次要地位.

v   1 [I, Tn] (infml 口) play (a tune on) the violin 用小提琴演奏（曲调）: He learned to fiddle as a young boy. 他自幼学小提琴.  2 [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) play aimlessly; fidget or delay 胡混; 坐立不安; 拖拉; 耽误: Stop fiddling (about) and do some work. 别再瞎混了, 做点事吧.  3 [Ipr] ~ (about/around) with sth play carelessly with sth in one's hands 胡乱摆弄: She fiddled with her watch so much that it broke. 她总胡乱摆弄手表, 结果把它弄坏了.  4 [Tn] (infml 口) falsify (accounts, etc); get (sth) by cheating 篡改（帐目等）; 骗取（某物）: fiddle one's expenses 虚报开支 * He fiddled a free ticket for the match. 他骗得一张那场比赛的免费入场券. /ˈfɪdlə(r); `fɪdlɚ/ n  1 person who plays the violin 小提琴手.  2 (infml 口) person who cheats; swindler 骗子; 诈骗者. /ˈfɪdlstɪks; `fɪdlˌstɪks/ interj (dated 旧) nonsense 胡扯; 废话./ˈfɪdlɪŋ; `fɪdlɪŋ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) trivial; unimportant; petty 微不足道的; 无足轻重的; 小的: fiddling little details 琐碎的细节. /ˈfɪdlɪ; `fɪdlɪ/ adj (infml 口) awkward to do or use 难弄的; 费事的; 不便使用的: Changing a fuse is one of those fiddly jobs I hate. 我最不愿意干换保险丝这类活儿了. * This tin-opener is awfully fiddly. 这把罐头刀很不好使./fɪˈdelətɪ; <i>US</i> faɪ-; faɪ`dɛlətɪ/ n [U]  1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) loyalty; faithfulness 忠实; 忠贞; 忠诚: fidelity to one's principles, religion, leader 对自己的原则、宗教信仰、领袖的忠诚. (b) accuracy; truthfulness 精确; 真实; 确切: fidelity to the text of the play 忠实于剧本的原文 * translate sth with the greatest fidelity 极准确地翻译某材料.  2 quality or precision with which sound is reproduced （音响的）保真度: [attrib 作定语] a high fidelity recording 高保真的录音./ˈfɪdʒɪt; `fɪdʒɪt/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (with sth) make small restless movements, thus annoying other people 烦躁不安（惹人生厌）: Stop fidgeting! 别坐立不安的! * Hurry up, your father is beginning to fidget, ie show signs of impatience. 快点, 你父亲有些不耐烦了. * It's bad manners to fidget about (with the cutlery) at the table. 用餐时摆弄刀叉玩儿是不雅的.

n  1 [C] person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人: You're such a fidget! 你真是个坐不住的人!  2 the fidgets [pl] restless movements 烦躁; 坐立不安: I always get the fidgets during long meetings. 会议开得长我就坐不住了.adj restless or inclined to fidget 烦躁的; 坐立不安的: a fidgety child 烦躁不安的孩子 * Travelling in planes makes me fidgety. 我一坐飞机就心神不安./fiːld; fild/ n  1 area of land (usu enclosed by a fence, hedge, etc) used for pasturing animals or cultivating crops 田; 地; 牧场: working in the fields 在田间干活 * a fine field of wheat 一片好麦田.  2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (a) wide area or expanse 辽阔的地方; 原野; 旷野: an `ice-field, eg around the North Pole. (b) open space used for a specified purpose （作某用途的）场地, 场所: a `baseball, `cricket, etc field.  3 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) area from which minerals, etc are obtained 矿区; 产地: `coalfields * `gold-fields * a new `oilfield.  4 range of a subject, an activity or an interest （某种学科、活动或兴趣的）领域, 范围, 界: in the field of politics, art, science, music, etc 在政治、艺术、科学、音乐等领域 * That is outside my field, ie not among the subjects I have studied. 那不在我所研究的范围之内.  5 (a) area or space within which a specified force can be felt 场（存在某种力的效应的范围或空间）: a magnetic `field 磁场 * the earth's gravitational `field, ie the space in which the earth's gravity has an effect 地球引力场. (b) range over which sth can operate effectively 某物的有效作用范围: the field of a telescope 望远镜的视野 * one's field of vision, ie the area that one can see 视野 * a gun with a good field of fire 远射程的炮.  6 area or place where a battle is or was fought 战场: the field of battle/`battlefield 战场.  7 (sport 体) (a) all those taking part or competing in an event （比赛项目的）全体参赛者: The field includes three world record holders. 参赛者中包括三名世界记录保持者. (b) (in cricket and baseball) team that is not batting, with regard to their positions on the field （板球和棒球）守队: bowling to a defensive field 向守队投球.  8 (computing 计) one section of a record, representing a unit of information 字段; 信息组: The firm's payroll has one field for gross pay and one for net pay. 公司工资单上一部分是原工资, 一部分是实发工资.  9 (idm 习语) hold the field (against sb/sth) not be replaced (by sb/sth); remain dominant 不为（某人[某事物]）所替代; 保持优势: Einstein's ideas on physics have held the field for years. 爱因斯坦的物理学理论多年来一直保持其权威性. play the `field (infml 口 esp US) avoid committing oneself to one person, activity, etc 不对某一人做出承诺; 不承诺参加某一活动等. take the `field (a) begin a war or battle 开始作战; 上阵. (b) (sport 体) go onto the playing area 开始比赛; 上场.

/fiːld; fild/ v (a) [I, Tn] (in cricket and baseball) (stand ready to) catch and throw back (the ball) （板球和棒球）（准备）接或掷还（球）, 守（球）: He fields well. 他接球技术很好. * She fielded the ball. 她把球接住了. (b) [I] (in cricket and baseball) be (in) the team not batting （板球和棒球）任守方: We're fielding first. 我们先作守方. (c) [Tn] select (sb) to play in a game (of football, hockey, cricket, etc) （足球、曲棍球、板球等赛中）选派（某人）上场: They're fielding a very strong side this season. 他们本季派了一支很强的球队上场. (d) [Tn] (fig 比喻) deal successfully with (a series of questions, etc) 顺利处理（一系列问题）: The minister easily fielded all the journalist's awkward questions. 部长轻而易举地一一回答了记者提出的棘手问题. (US) = hockey.officer of the highest rank in the British Army （英军的）陆军元帅. =>App 9 见附录9.major or colonel in the army 陆军校级军官.outdoor sports, eg hunting, fishing and shooting 野外运动（如打猎、钓鱼、射击）.n  1 day on which military operations are practised 军事演习日.  2 day or period of great excitement and activity 振奋人心的重要日子或时期: Whenever there's a government scandal the newspapers have a field-day. 政府一有丑闻, 报界便紧张忙碌一阵.  3 (esp US) (a) sports day at a school, college, etc （学校等的）体育比赛日, 运动会. (b) day of outdoor scientific study 野外科研活动日.n [pl] athletic sports other than races, eg jumping and discus-throwing 田赛（如跳高、跳远、掷铁饼）. Cf 参看 track events (track).n = glasses (glass 6).v [Tn] test (sth) by using it in the conditions for which it is meant 对（某物）进行实地试验: The equipment has all been field-tested. 这些设备都已经过实地试验.  n: undergo rigorous field-tests 进行严格的现场试验.n  1 [U] practical academic or social work done outside the laboratory or classroom 实地考察工作; 现场调查工作.  2 [C] temporary fortification made by troops 临时筑成的防御工事. n person who helps in practical field-work 实地考察者; 现场调查者.n = fieldsman. =>illus at cricket 见cricket插图./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (in cricket, etc) member of the team not batting （板球、棒球等的）外场员, 外野手./fiːnd; find/ n  1 evil spirit; devil 恶魔; 魔鬼: the fiends of hell 地狱的魔鬼.  2 (a) very cruel or spiteful person 恶魔般的人; 穷凶极恶的人. (b) person who causes mischief or annoyance 淘气的人; 讨厌的人: Stop teasing her, you little fiend! 别捉弄她了, 你这个小淘气鬼!  3 (infml 口) person who is fond of or strongly drawn to sth specified 耽于某事物者; 迷; 狂: a ,fresh-air fiend 注重呼吸新鲜空气的人.adj  1 fierce or cruel 凶猛的; 残酷的: a fiendish temper 残暴的脾气.  2 (infml 口) clever and complicated 巧妙而复杂的: a fiendish plot, plan, idea, etc 巧妙而又复杂的构思、计画、主意等.  3 (infml 口) extremely bad, unpleasant or difficult 极坏的; 使人很不愉快的; 极其困难的: fiendish weather 恶劣的天气 * a fiendish problem 难题. adv (infml 口) very; extremely 很; 极: a fiendishly difficult puzzle 极难解开的谜 * It's fiendishly cold outside. 外面冷极了./fɪəs; fɪrs/ adj (-r, -st)  1 violent and angry 凶猛的; 凶狠的; 愤怒的: fierce dogs, winds, attacks 恶狗、强风、猛攻 * look fierce/have a fierce look 样子凶恶.  2 (a) intense 强烈的; 极度的: fierce concentration, loyalty, hatred 极端集中、忠诚、痛恨. (b) unpleasantly or uncontrollably strong 酷烈的; 激烈的: fierce heat 酷热 * His plan met with fierce opposition. 他的计画遭到激烈反对. adv. n [U]./-rəlɪ; -rɪlɪ/ adv. n [U]./ˈfaɪərɪ; `faɪrɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 (a) like or consisting of fire; flaming 似火的; 含火的; 燃烧着的: fiery red hair 赤色的毛发 * a fiery sky 火红的天空 * fiery eyes, ie angry and glaring 冒着怒火的目光. (b) very spicy; producing a burning sensation 味道强烈的; 辛辣的: a fiery Mexican dish 味道强烈的墨西哥菜 * fiery liquor 火辣辣的烈酒.  2 (a) (of a person, his character, etc) quickly or easily made angry （指人、性格等）暴躁的, 易怒的: a fiery temper 暴躁的脾气. (b) (of words, etc) intense; passionate （指言语等）激烈的, 充满激情的: a fiery speech 激昂的演说. (c) full of high spirits 情绪高涨的: a fiery horse 精神饱满的马. /fɪˈestə; fɪ`ɛstə/ n (a) religious festival in Spanish-speaking countries （西班牙语国家的）宗教节日. (b) any holiday or festival 节日; 假日./ˈfiːfə; `fifə/ abbr 缩写 = International Association Football Federation (French Federation Internationale de Football Association) 国际足球联合会（源自法文Federation Internationale de Football Association）./faɪf; faɪf/ n small high-pitched musical instrument like a flute, used with drums in military music （军乐中与鼓合奏的）横笛: [attrib 作定语] a fife and drum band 笛鼓合奏的乐队./ˌfɪfˈtiːn; `fɪf`tin/ pron, det 15; one more than fourteen  15, 十五（个）. => App 4 见附录4.

n  1 the number 15 *15; 十五.  2 team of Rugby Union players 橄榄球队./ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ; `fɪf`tinθ/ pron, det 15th; next after fourteenth 第15, 第十五（个）.  n one of fifteen equal parts of sth 十五分之一. For the uses of fifteen and fifteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于fifteen和fifteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./fɪfθ; fɪfθ/ pron, det 5th; next after fourth 第5, 第五（个）: the fifth in line 第五行 * Today is the fifth (of March). 今天是（三月）五号. * the fifth book on the list 书单上的第五本书 * This is the fifth day of the conference. 今天是会议的第五天. * Edward V, ie Edward the Fifth 爱德华五世. =>App 4 见附录4.

n one of five equal parts of sth 五分之一: He gave her a fifth of the total amount. 他给了她总量的五分 之一. * They divided the money into fifths and took one fifth each. 他们把钱分成五份, 每人拿了五分之一.adv in the fifth position or place 在第五个位置或地点./ˈfɪftɪəθ; `fɪftɪɪθ/ pron, det 50th; next after forty-ninth 第50, 第五十（个）.  n one of fifty equal parts of sth 五十分之一./ˈfɪftɪ; `fɪftɪ/ pron, det 50; one more than forty-nine 50, 五十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n  1 the number 50 *50; 五十.  2 the fifties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 50 to 59 从50到59的数目、年数或温度: The total amount is in the fifties. 总共五十多个. * She was born in the fifties, ie in the 1950's. 她生于五十年代. * How warm is it today? It's in the (high/low) fifties. 今天气温有多少度? 五十几度（不到六十度[五十度出头]）.  3 (idm 习语) in one's fifties between the ages of 50 and 60 在50岁到60岁之间: She's in her early/mid/late fifties. 她五十刚出头[五十五岁左右/快六十岁了].(Brit) (coin worth) fifty new pence 五十新便士（的硬币）. For the uses of fifty and fiftieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于fifty和fiftieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.adj, adv (infml 口) shared or sharing equally between two 对半（的）; 二一添作五: divide the profits on a fifty-fifty basis, ie take equal shares 平分利润 * a fifty-fifty chance of winning, ie an equal chance of winning or losing 胜负的可能性参半 * We went fifty-fifty on dinner, ie shared the cost equally. 我们平摊用餐费./fɪg; fɪˇ/ n  1 soft sweet fruit, full of small seeds and often eaten dried 无花果.  2 (also `fig-tree) tree with broad leaves on which this grows 无花果树.  3 (idm 习语) not care/give a `fig (for sb/sth) not care at all; consider (sb/sth) valueless or unimportant 毫不理会; 认为（某人[某事物]）毫无价值或微不足道: I don't care a fig what others think of me. 我毫不在乎别人对我有什么想法.

abbr 缩写 =  1 figurative(ly).  2 figure; illustration: see diagram at fig 3 见图3的图解.n leaf of a fig-tree, traditionally used for covering the genital organs of nude bodies in drawings, statues, etc 无花果树叶（传统上用作裸体画像、雕像等的阴部覆盖物）./faɪt; faɪt/ v (pt, pp fought/ fR:t; fRt/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (against/with sb/sth) struggle against sb/sth using physical force, in a war, battle, etc 搏斗; 打架; 打仗; 作战: soldiers training to fight 为作战而受训的士兵 * Do stop fighting, boys! 别打了, 小伙子们! * The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗为一块骨头撕咬. * Britain fought with (ie as an ally of) France against Germany in the last war. 在第二次世界大战中, 英国与法国联合作战抗击德国. * Have you been fighting with (ie against) your brother again? 你又跟弟弟打架了吧? (b) [Tn] struggle thus against (sb) 与（某人）搏斗, 打架, 打仗, 作战: We must fight the enemy. 我们必须与敌人作战. * The boxer has fought many opponents. 该拳手已与许多对手交锋.  2 [Tn] engage in, take part in or carry on (a battle, etc) 打（仗）; 进行（战斗等）: fight a war, duel, etc 打仗、进行决斗 * The government has to fight several by-elections in the coming months. 政府要在数月内进行几次补选.  3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against) sth strive to overcome, destroy or prevent sth 争取克服、战胜、摧毁或防止（某事物）: fight (against) poverty, oppression, ignorance 与贫困、压迫、愚昧现象作斗争 * fight an eviction notice 努力与驱逐房客通知一事周旋 * fight a fire 救火.  4 [Ipr, Tn.pr] make (one's way) or achieve (sth) by fighting or effort （经奋斗或努力）开（路）或获得（某事物）: We had to fight (our way) through the crowded streets. 我们得从街道上熙熙攘攘的人群中挤过去. * They fought the bill through Parliament. 他们极力争取使该法案在国会获得通过.  5 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) quarrel or argue 争吵; 争论: It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. 区区小事不值得争吵.  6 (idm 习语) fight like a `tiger attack sb or defend oneself fiercely 极力攻击某人或保护自己: She fought like a tiger to get what she wanted. 她竭力争取自己想要的东西. fight a losing `battle (against sth) struggle without (hope of) success to achieve or prevent sth 为获得或防止某事物而进行毫无成功希望的斗争: Anyone who tries to resist the spread of new technology is fighting a losing battle. 想阻止新技术传播的人注定要失败. fight shy of sth/sb be unwilling to undertake (a task) or confront sb; avoid sth/sb 不愿承担（某任务）或面对（某人）; 避开某事物[某人]: He was unhappy in his job for years but always fought shy of telling his boss. 他多年来工作都很不愉快, 却始终未向老板启齿. fight to the `finish fight until one side wins conclusively 战至分出胜负; 一决雌雄. a ,fighting `chance small but distinct chance of success if a great effort is made 需经极大努力或许有成功的可能. fighting `talk/`words defiant statement or challenge showing that one is ready to fight for sth 挑衅的话; 挑战的言语. live like fighting cocks => live2.  7 (phr v) fight back fight with renewed force and strength; show resistance or retaliation 反击; 回击; 抵抗: After a disastrous first half the team fought back to level the match. 该队在上半场惨败後重整旗鼓以求扳成平局. * Don't let them bully you. Fight back! 别让他们欺侮你. 把他们顶回去! fight sth back/down suppress (feelings, etc) 克制, 抑制（感情等）: fighting back tears 强忍住眼泪 * fighting down a sense of disgust 抑制厌恶感. fight for sth strive to obtain or accomplish sth 争取获得或完成某事物: fight for freedom, independence, human rights, etc 争取自由、独立、人权等. fight sb/sth off resist or repel sb/sth by fighting 抵抗或击退某人[某事物]: fighting off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻 * fight off a cold, a feeling of tiredness 治愈感冒、驱除疲劳感. fight sth out settle (an argument, a dispute, etc) by fighting 通过斗争使（争论等）得到解决: I can't help them to resolve their quarrel  they must fight it out between them. 我无法帮助他们解决争论--他们得打出个结果来.

/faɪt; faɪt/ n  1 [C] act of fighting or struggling 战斗; 搏斗; 打架; 斗争: a fight between two dogs 两犬相争 * the fight against poverty, crime, disease 与贫困、犯罪行为、疾病所作的斗争 * a prize fight, eg in boxing 职业拳击赛 =>Usage at argument 用法见argument.  2 [U] desire or ability to fight or resist; determination 斗志; 战斗力; 决心: In spite of many defeats, they still had plenty of fight left in them. 他们尽管多次失败, 但仍有很强的战斗力. * Losing their leader took all the fight out of them. 他们失去了首领以後便丧失了斗志.  3 (idm 习语) a fight to the `finish struggle, etc that continues until one side wins conclusively 决定胜负的战斗等. pick a fight/quarrel => pick3. put up a good, poor, etc `fight fight with/without courage and determination 有[无]勇气和决心的战斗.n  1 person who fights in war or in sport 战士; 战斗者; 游戏或比赛的参加者.  2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) person who does not yield without a struggle 斗士; 奋斗者: She won't give up easily: she's a real fighter. 她不会轻易放弃的, 她十分顽强.  3 fast military aircraft designed to attack other aircraft 战斗机; 歼击机: a,jet-`fighter 喷气式战斗机 * [attrib 作定语] fighter planes 战斗机 * a fighter pilot 战斗机驾驶员.n [U]: outbreaks of street fighting 巷战的爆发./ˈfɪgmənt; `fɪˇmənt/ n thing that is not real but only imagined (used esp in the expression shown) 想像中的事物, 虚构的事物（尤用于以下示例）: a figment of sb's imagination 凭空想像出来的事物./ˈfɪgərətɪv; `fɪˇjərətɪv/ adj (abbr 缩写 fig) (of words) used in an imaginative or a metaphorical way rather than literally （指言语）比喻的: `He exploded with rage' shows a figurative use of the verb `to explode'. ｀他肺都气炸了,＇一句中的｀炸＇字是比喻用法. adv./ˈfɪgə(r); <i>US</i> ˈfɪgjər; `fɪˇjɚ/ n  1 [C] (a) written symbol for a number, esp 0 to 9  数字（尤指0至9）: Write the figure `7' for me. 给我写个｀7＇字. * He has an income of six figures/a six-figure income, ie 100000 or more. 他有六位数字的收入（至少为100000英镑）. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) sum of money; price 金额; 价格: We bought the house at a high/low figure, ie for a high/low price. 我们以高[低]价买下了那所房子.  2 [C] (a) diagram or illustration 图解; 图表: The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. 第22页的插图是非洲的政区图. (b) geometrical shape enclosed by lines or surfaces 几何图形.  3 [C] decorative pattern or series of movements 装饰性的图案或系列动作: The skater executed a perfect set of figures. 那个滑冰的人做出了一套完美的花样动作. * [attrib 作定语] figure-skating 花样滑冰.  4 [C] representation of a person or an animal in drawing, painting, etc （绘画等中的）人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像: The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter. 画中间的那个人是画家的女儿.  5 [C] human form, esp its appearance, what it suggests, and how it is seen by others 身材; （尤指）体态, 相貌: have a good figure, ie be slim, shapely, etc 身材苗条 * I'm dieting to keep my figure, ie in order not to get fatter. 我正在节食以保持身材不变（不发胖）. * I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. 我看见黑暗中有个人影走近. * He was once a leading figure in the community, but now he has become a figure of fun, ie His influence was considerable but now he appears merely ridiculous. 他原是该社区的头面人物, 但现在成了人们取笑的对象. * She's a fine figure of a woman, ie pleasing in shape and appearance. 她身材苗条.  6 figures [pl] arithmetic 算术: Are you good at figures? 你的算术好吗?  7 (idm 习语) cut a fine, poor, sorry, etc `figure have a fine, etc appearance 出众、出丑、出洋相等. facts and figures => fact. put a figure on sth quote a price or specify a number for sth 报价; 确定某物的数量: It's impossible to put a figure on the number of homeless after the flood. 水灾过後无家可归的人不计其数. in round figures/numbers => round1. single figures => single.

/ˈfɪgə(r); <i>US</i> ˈfɪgjər; `fɪˇjɚ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) appear or be mentioned, esp prominently 出现或被提及（尤指引人注目的）: a character that figures in many of her novels 在她多部小说中出现的一个人物 * She figured conspicuously in the public debate on the issue. 她在该问题的公开辩论中很引人注目.  2 (a) [Tn, Tf] (esp US) think (sth); calculate 想（某事物）; 估计: I figured (that) you wouldn't come. 我料想你不会来. * It's what I figured. 我是这样认为的. (b) [I] (used with itor that 与it或that连用) (infml 口) be likely orunderstandable 有可能; 可以理解: `John isn't here today.'`That figures, he looked very unwell yesterday.' ｀约翰今天没来.＇｀怪不得, 他昨天就好像不太舒服.＇  3 (phr v) figure sth in (US) include sth in one's calculations 将某事物包括在内; 计算在内: Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday? 你把咱们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗? figure on sth (US) include sth in one's plans; rely on sth 计画; 指望: I figure on being in New York in January. 我计画一月份在纽约. figure sb/sth out (esp US) (a) come to understand sb/sth by thinking 理解某人[某事物]; 弄明白: I've never been able to figure him out. 我一直不能理解他. * I can't figure out why he quit his job. 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作.* Have you figured out what's wrong with your car?你找出你汽车的毛病了吗? (b) discover sth by using arithmetic; calculate sth 演算出; 计算出: Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost? 你算出假期得花多少钱了吗?thing that resembles the number 8 in shape ｀8＇字形: skating figures of eight on the ice 在冰上滑｀8＇字形.word or phrase used for vivid or dramatic effect and not literally 比喻: I didn't really mean she was in outer space  it's just a figure of speech. 我不是说她真在外层空间--这只是打个比方.n  1 (esp formerly) large wooden carving, usu representing a human figure, placed at the prow of a ship （尤指旧时的）船首饰像, 破浪神的雕像. =>illus 见插图.  2 (fig 比喻) person in a high position but without any real authority 有名无实的首脑人物; 傀儡./ˈfɪgəriːn; <i>US</i> ˌfɪgjəˈriːn; ˌfɪˇjə`rin/ n small ornamental statue, esp of a person 小塑像; （尤指）人的雕像./ˈfɪləmənt; `fɪləmənt/ n  1 very thin strand or fibre, like a thread 细线; 细丝; 线状物.  2 thin wire in a light bulb that glows when electricity is passed through it （电灯泡的）灯丝. =>illus at bulb 见 bulb 插图./fɪltʃ; fɪltʃ/ v [Tn] (infml 口) steal (esp sth of small value) 偷（尤指不贵重的东西）: Who's filched my pencil? 谁把我的铅笔拿走了?/faɪl; faɪl/ n metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substances 锉; 锉刀.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] cut, smooth or shape (sth) with a file 用锉切削（某物）: file one's fingernails 锉指甲 * file sth smooth 把某物锉光滑 * file an iron bar in two 把铁棒锉成两截.  2 (phr v) file sth down make sth smooth and smaller in size by using a file 将某物锉光滑、锉小. 

/faɪl; faɪl/ n  1 (a) any of various types of drawer, shelf, holder, cover, box, etc, usu with a wire or metal rod for keeping loose papers together and in order, for reference purposes （存放文件、公文、卷宗、档案等的）抽屉、架子、夹子、封皮、箱子等: I need another file for my letters. 我还需要一个存放信件的夹子. (b) file and its contents 存放文件等的用具及其中的文件; 档案; 卷宗: Where's the file of our recent correspondence? 我们近期的信件卷宗在哪里? * have/open/keep a file on each member of staff 有[设立/保管]每个职员的档案.  2 organized collection of related data or material in a computer （计算机）文件: I can't access the file on your company because I've forgotten the code. 我无法取出贵公司的文件, 因为我把代码忘了.  3 (idm 习语) on file kept in a file 存档; 归档: We have all your particulars on file. 我们已把你的全部资料存档.

/faɪl; faɪl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) place sth in a file; store sth where it can be consulted 将某物归档: file (away) letters in a drawer 把信件归档放入抽屉中.  2 [Tn] send (sth) so that it may be recorded 送交（某物）以便备案; 提交: file an application for divorce 提交离婚申请书.

/faɪl; faɪl/ n  1 line of people or things one behind the other 排成行的人或物.  2 (idm 习语) (in) Indian/single `file (in) one line, one behind the other （成）单行. Cf 参看 the rank and file (rank1).

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ in, out, off, past, etc march or walk in the specified direction in a single line 排成单行沿某方向前进或行走: The men filed onto the parade ground and past the general. 士兵们排成单行进入阅兵场自将军面前走过./ˈfɪleɪ; fi`le/ n (also filet mignon / 9fIleI 5mi:njCn;9fIle `minjon/) (US) small tender piece of beef without bones, cut from a sirloin （牛的）里脊: Two filets mignons, please. 请来两份牛里脊./ˈfɪlɪəl; `fɪlɪəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or expected from a son or daughter 子女的: filial duty 孝道./ˈfɪlɪbʌstə(r); `fɪləˌbʌstɚ/ n (esp US)  1 person who tries to delay or prevent the making of decisions in (esp parliamentary) meetings by making long speeches 以冗长的演说拖延或阻挠会议（尤指议会）做出决定的人.  2 such a speech 此种冗长的演说.

v [I] (esp US) act as a filibuster （以冗长演说）拖延或阻挠: filibustering tactics 藉冗长演说来拖延的战术./ˈfɪlɪgriː; `fɪləˌˇri/ n [U] fine ornamental work using gold, silver or copper wire （用金丝、银丝或铜丝制成的）精工饰品: [attrib 作定语] a filigree brooch 银丝胸针 * filigree ear-rings 金丝耳环.person who files correspondence, etc and does general office tasks 档案管理员./ˈfaɪlɪŋz; `faɪlɪŋz/ n [pl] particles removed by a file 锉屑: iron filings 铁屑.

=> file1./fɪl; fɪl/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (with sth); ~sth (for sb) make sth full (of sth); occupy all of the space in sth 使某物充满（另一物）; 装满; 填满: fill a hole with sand, a tank with petrol, a hall with people 用沙子把洞填满、把油箱注满汽油、大厅里挤满人 * Smoke filled the room. 房间里烟雾弥漫. * The wind filled the sails, ie made them swell out. 这阵风把帆吹得鼓鼓的. * (fig 比喻) I am filled with admiration for your bravery. 我由衷钦佩你英勇绝伦. * fill a bucket full of water 装满一桶水 * Please fill this glass for me/fill me this glass. 请把这个杯子给我斟满. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) become full 充满; 充塞: The hall soon filled. 那大厅不久就满了. * The sails filled with wind. 帆在风中张得鼓鼓的.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) block or plug (a hole, gap, etc) 填塞, 堵塞（洞、隙等）: A dentist often has to fill teeth. 牙科医生常常给患者补牙. * I must fill that crack in the wall. 我得把墙上的那条裂缝填补好.  3 [Tn] (a) hold (a position) 任（某职）: She fills the post satisfactorily, ie performs her duties well. 她非常尽职. (b) appoint sb to (a position) 派某人担任（某职）: The vacancy has already been filled. 那空缺已有人补上了.  4 (idm 习语) fill/fit the bill => bill1. fill sb's shoes take over sb's function, duties, etc and perform them satisfactorily 出色地接替某人的工作、职务等.  5 (phr v) fill in (for sb) take sb's place for a short time 临时接替某人; 暂代: My partner is on holiday this week so I'm filling in (for him). 我的合伙人本星期休假, 所以我暂代（他）一下. fill sth in (a) (US also fill sth out) add what is necessary to make sth complete 加入必要内容使某事物完备; 补充: fill in an application form, ie write one's name and other details required 填写申请表格. (b) fill sth completely 填满（某物）: The hole has been filled in. 洞已填满. (c) spend (time) while waiting for sth （在等候某事物时）打发, 消磨（时间）: He filled in the rest of the day watching television. 他看电视来打发当天剩下的时间. fill sb `in (on sth) give sb full details (about sth) 向某人提供（关于某事物的）详情: Can you fill me in on what has been happening? 你能把发生的事情原原本本地告诉我吗? fill `out become larger, rounder or fatter 变得更大、更圆、更胖: Her cheeks began to fill out. 她的脸胖起来了. * He used to be a very thin child but he's filled out a lot recently. 这孩子过去很瘦, 近来胖多了. fill sth out => fill sth in (a). fill (sth) up become or make completely full 充满; 填满; 装满: The gutter has filled up with mud. 沟槽里都是泥. * fill up the tank with petrol 把油箱装满汽油.

/fɪl; fɪl/ n  1 [C] enough to fill sth 填满某物之量: a fill of tobacco/petrol/oil 一烟斗的烟丝[一桶汽油/一桶油].  2 [U] one's ~ (of sth/sb) (fml 文) (a) as much as one can eat or drink 吃饱或喝足的量: No more tea, thank you, I've had my fill. 谢谢你, 不要再添茶了, 我已经喝足了. (b) as much as one can tolerate 能忍受的限度: She decided she had had her fill of his cruelty. 她认为自己已经受够了他的虐待.n object or material used to fill a hole in sth or to increase the size of sth 填料; 填塞物./ˈfɪlɪt; `fɪlɪt/ n  1 [C, U] piece of meat or fish without bones 无骨的肉片或鱼片: [attrib 作定语] a/some fillet steak 一块[一些]里脊片.  2 [C] narrow band, ribbon, etc worn round the head to keep the hair in place or as an ornament 束发带; 头带.

v [Tn] cut (meat or fish) into fillets 把（肉或鱼）切成片: grilled filleted sole 烤比目鱼片./ˈfɪlɪŋ; `fɪlɪŋ/ n  1 [C] (process of putting in) material used to fill a hole in a tooth （补牙洞的）填料; 补牙: I had to have two fillings at the dentist's today. 我今天要请牙医给我补两颗牙.  2 [C, U] food put between slices of bread to make a sandwich, or between layers of cake, etc 馅: a sponge cake with jam filling 果酱馅饼.= petrol station (petrol)./ˈfɪlɪp; `fɪləp/ n  1 stimulus or incentive; encouragement 刺激; 激励; 鼓励: an advertising campaign to give a much-needed fillip to sales 刺激销路必不可少的广告运动.  2 quick flick made by pressing a finger against the thumb and then releasing it suddenly 弹指./ˈfɪlɪ; `fɪlɪ/ n young female horse 小母马. Cf 参看 colt1, mare1 1./fɪlm; fɪlm/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) thin coating or covering on or over sth （某物上）薄薄的一层, 薄膜: a film of dust 一层灰尘 * a film of oil on water 水面上的一层油 * a film of mist over the land 笼罩大地的一层薄雾.  2 [C, U] roll or sheet of thin flexible light-sensitive material for use in photography 软片; 胶卷: put a new film in one's camera 在相机里装上新胶卷 * expose/develop 50 feet of film 使50英尺的软片曝光[冲洗50英尺的软片].  3 [C] motion picture 电影: What's your favourite film? 你最喜欢哪部电影? * My cousin is in films, ie works in the film industry. 我表兄从事电影业.

/fɪlm; fɪlm/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tng] make a film or motion picture of (a scene, story, etc) 将（一场面、故事等）拍成电影: They're filming a new comedy. 他们正在拍摄一部新的喜剧片. * She filmed her children playing in the garden. 她把她的孩子在花园嬉戏的镜头拍摄了下来. (b) [I] be engaged in doing this 从事电影拍摄: They've been filming for six months. 他们已经拍了半年电影.  2 (a) [Tn] cover (sth) with a thin coating or covering layer 给（某物）覆上一薄层: Thin ice filmed the lake. 湖上结了一层薄冰. (b) [Ip] ~ over become covered in this way 覆上一薄层: As she cried, her eyes filmed over. 她哭得泪眼蒙胧.well-known cinema actor or actress 电影明星.photographic test to decide whether sb is suitable to act in films 试镜（以决定某人是否适合演电影）.n series of transparent still photographs that can be projected separately 幻灯片.adj (-ier, -iest) [usu attrib 通常作定语] thin and almost transparent 薄而近乎透明的: a filmy cotton blouse 极薄的棉质女衬衫./ˈfɪltə(r); `fɪltɚ/ n  1 device containing paper, sand, cloth, etc used to hold back any solid material or impurities in a liquid or gas passed through it 过滤器: an oil filter 滤油器 * a coffee filter 咖啡过滤器. =>illus 见插图.  2 screen (esp of coloured glass) that allows light only of certain wavelengths to pass through 滤光镜; 滤色镜: I took this picture with a red filter. 这张照片我是用红色滤光镜拍摄的.  3 device for suppressing certain electrical or sound waves （电波、声波的）滤波器.  4 (Brit) device that signals to show that traffic may turn left while other traffic waiting to go straight ahead or turn right is still stopped by a red traffic light （在红灯指示其他车辆不得直行或右转时）指示车辆左转的交通设施. =>illus 见插图.

v  1 [Tn] (a) pass (liquid, light, etc) through a filter 过滤（液体、光等）: It won't take long to filter the coffee. 用不了多少时间就可以把咖啡过滤好. (b) purify (a liquid) by using a filter 滤清（液体）: All drinking water must be filtered. 饮用水均须过滤净化.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ in, out, through, etc (fig 比喻) pass or flow slowly in a specified direction; become known gradually 慢慢传开; 渗透: New ideas are slowly filtering into people's minds. 新思想逐渐深入人心. * The news of the defeat started to filter through. 战败的消息开始传出来.  3 [I] (Brit) (of traffic) turn left while other traffic waiting to go straight ahead or turn right is stopped by a red traffic light （指车辆）左转行驶（有红灯指示其他车辆不得直行或右转）.n [U] porous paper for filtering liquids 滤纸.n (cigarette one end of which contains a) filter for smoke （香烟的）过滤嘴; 滤嘴香烟. adj./fɪlθ; fɪlθ/ n [U]  1 disgusting dirt 肮脏; 污物: Look at the filth on your trousers! 看你裤子上的脏东西!  2 offensive and obscene words, literature, magazines, etc 下流的言语、文学、杂志等: How can you read such filth? 你怎么能看这种乌七八糟的东西?adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) disgustingly dirty 污秽的; 肮脏的: a beggar dressed in filthy rags 衣衫肮脏褴褛的乞丐. (b) obscene 猥亵的; 淫秽的: filthy language猥亵的语言.  2 (infml 口) (esp of weather) very unpleasant （尤指天气）恶劣的: Isn't it a filthy day? 今天天气糟透了! 

adv  1 in a filthy way 污秽地; 淫秽地: filthy dirty 污秽不堪.  2 (infml 口) very 很; 非常: filthy rich 非常富有.  3 (idm 习语) filthy lucre (derog or joc 贬或谑) money or financial gain 肮脏钱; 不义之财./ˈfɪltreɪt; `fɪltret/ n filtered liquid 经过滤的液体./fɪlˈtreɪʃn; fɪl`treʃən/ n [U] process of filtering liquid, etc 过滤./fɪn; fɪn/ n  1 thin flat projecting part of a fish, used for swimming and steering 鳍. =>illus at fish 见fish插图.  2 thing shaped like this on eg an aircraft or a rocket that helps to keep it stable 鳍状物（如飞行器或火箭上的尾翅）. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.=> fine1.

/ˈfaɪnəbl; `faɪnəbl/ adj (of an action) that is likely to be punished by a fine （指行为）应罚款的, 可罚款的: a finable offence 应罚款的过失./ˈfaɪnl; `faɪnl/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] of the end; coming last 最终的; 最後的: the final chapter of a book 书的最後一章.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a decision, etc) conclusive; decisive; that cannot be changed （指决定等）确定, 决定性, 不可变更: The judge's ruling is final. 法官的判决是不可改变的. * I'm not coming, and that'sfinal! 我不来了, 就这样定了!  3 (idm 习语) in the last/final analysis => analysis. the last/final straw => straw.

n  1 (a) last of a series of contests or competitions 决赛: the tennis finals 网球决赛 * the Cup Final, ie the last in a series of esp football matches 优胜杯决赛（尤指足球）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) last set of university examinations 大学的毕业考试: sit/take one's finals 参加大学毕业考试 * the law final(s) 法律专业的毕业考试.  2 last edition of a day's newspaper （当天报纸的）最後发行的一版: late night final 晚间最後版./fɪˈnɑːlɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈnælɪ; fə`nælɪ/ n last part of a piece of music or a drama, etc 终曲, 结局（音乐、戏剧等的最终部分）: the grand finale of a pantomine 童话剧的大结局.=> finalization=> finalize/-nəlɪst; -nlɪst/ n player who takes part in the final(s) of a competition 参加决赛者./faɪˈnælətɪ; faɪ`nælətɪ/ n [U] quality or fact of being final 终结; 定局: She spoke with (an air of) finality, ie gave the impression that there was nothing more to be said or done. 她以做结论式的口吻讲话./ˌfaɪnəlaɪ-ˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-; ˌfaɪnələ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈfaɪnəlaɪz; `faɪnlˌaɪz/ v [Tn] put (sth) into final form; complete 使（某事物）达到最後形式; 使完成: finalize one's plans, arrangements, etc 把计画、安排等确定下来. /-nəlɪ; -nlɪ/ adv  1 lastly; in conclusion 最後; 总之: Finally, I would like to say... 最後, 我想说....  2 conclusively; decisively 确定地; 决定性地: We must settle this matter finally. 我们必须彻底解决这一问题.  3 at last; eventually 最终; 终于: After a long delay the performance finally started. 演出拖延很久, 最後总算开始了./ˈfaɪnæns, fɪˈnæns; `faɪnæns, fə`næns/ n  1 [U] management of (esp public) money 财务的管理; （尤指）财政: an expert in finance 财务专家 * the Minister of Finance 财政部长.  2 [U] ~ (for sth) money used or needed to support an undertaking 资金: Finance for the National Health Service comes from taxpayers. 国家卫生局的资金来自纳税人的税款.  3 finances [pl] money available to a person, company or country （个人、公司或国家）可动用的钱, 财源, 财力: Are the firm's finances sound? 这家公司的财务状况可靠吗?

v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] provide money for (a project, etc); fund 为（某计画等）提供资金, 提供款项: The scheme is partly financed by a government grant. 此计画有一部分是政府资助的.company that lends money for hire-purchase transactions 信贷公司, 财务公司（贷款给分期付款者的公司）./faɪˈnænʃl, fɪˈn-; faɪ`nænʃəl, fə`næ-/ adj concerning money and finance 财务的; 金融的; 财政的: in financial difficulties, ie short of money 处于财务困难之中 * Tokyo and New York are major financial centres. 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心. period of twelve months over which annual accounts and taxes are calculated 财政年度; 会计年度./-ʃəlɪ;-ʃəlɪ/ adv./faɪˈnænsɪə(r); <i>US</i> ˌfɪnənˈsɪər; ˌfɪnən`sɪr/ n person engaged in financing businesses, etc on a large scale 财政家; 金融家./fɪntʃ; fɪntʃ/ n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) any of several types of small songbird with short, stubby bills 雀科鸣鸟（任何一种短喙鸣鸟）: a `chaffinch * a `goldfinch * a `bullfinch./faɪnd; faɪnd/ v (pt, pp found / faUnd; faJnd/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] discover (sth/sb) unexpectedly or by chance; come across 意外或偶然发现（某事物[某人]）; 遇到; 碰到: Look what I've found. 看我发现了什么. * I found a 5 note on the pavement. 我在人行道上捡到了一张5英镑的纸币. * He woke up and found himself in hospital. 他醒来发觉自己在医院里. * I was disappointed to find you out (ie that you were out) when I called. 我给你打电话时知道你不在, 十分失望. * We came home and found her asleep on the sofa. 我们回到家, 看到她在沙发上睡着了.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sb) discover sth/sb by searching, inquiry or effort （经寻找、询问或努力）发现某事物[某人]: After months of drilling, oil was found off the coast. 经数月钻探, 在沿海找到了石油. * find a cure for cancer 找到治疗癌症的方法 * find an answer to a question 找到问题的答案 * I can find nothing new to say on this subject. 对这个问题, 我提不出什么新看法. * Can you find me a hotel/find a hotel for me? 你能给我找一家旅馆吗?  3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sb) obtain or get back (esp sth/sb that was lost) 得到或找回（尤指丢失的某物[某人]）: Did you find the pen you lost? 你丢的笔找到了吗? * The missing child has not been found yet. 失踪的孩子仍未找到. * I'll help you find your shoes/find your shoes for you. 我来帮你找鞋.  4 [Tn] succeed in obtaining (sth); provide or supply 得到（某事物）; 提供; 供给: I keep meaning to write, but never seem to find (the) time. 我一直想写, 但似乎总是找不到时间. * Who will find the money to pay for this trip? 谁来筹措旅费?  5 [Tf, Cn.a] discover (sth/sb) by experience (to be or do sth); become aware of （凭经验）发现（某事物[某人]）（为某事物或做某事物）; 了解到: I find (that) it pays to be honest. 我认识到为人诚实终受益. * How do you find your new job? 你认为你的新工作怎么样? * She found it difficult to understand him/found him difficult to understand. 她觉得很难理解他. * We found the beds very comfortable. 我们觉得这些床很舒服. * We found him (to be) dishonest. 我们认为他不诚实.  6 [Tn] arrive at (sth) naturally; reach （自然而然）达到; 到达: Water will always find its own level. 水总会自行流平. * The arrow found its mark. 箭射中了目标.  7 [Tn] (used in a statement of fact, indicating that sth exists 用于对事实的陈述, 说明某事物的存在): You'll find (ie There is) a teapot in the cupboard. 碗橱里有个茶壶. * These flowers are found (ie exist, grow) only in Africa. 只有在非洲才有这类花.  8 [Cn.a] (law 律) decide and declare as a verdict 断定; 裁决; 宣判: How do you find the accused? 你如何裁决被告? * The jury found him guilty (of manslaughter). 陪审团裁定他（误杀）罪名成立.  9 (idm 习语) all `found (of wages) with free food and lodging included （指工资）附带免费食宿. be found wanting be shown to be not sufficiently reliable or capable of undertaking a task, etc 表现出不够可靠或能力不够. find fault (with sb/sth) look for and discover mistakes (in sb/sth); complain (about sb/sth) 找（某人[某事物] 的）错; 埋怨（某人[某事物]）: I have no fault to find with your work. 我对你的工作没有说的. * She's always finding fault (with me). 她总是找（我的）茬儿. find/lose favour with sb/in sb's eyes => favour1. find one's `feet (a) become able to stand, walk, etc steadily 能够站稳、走稳等: After a six-week illness it took me some time to find my feet again. 我病了六个星期, 痊愈後很长时间才能站稳. (b) become able to act independently and confidently 能够独立而有信心地行动: I only recently joined the firm so I'm still finding my feet. 我最近才加入这家公司, 因此还在摸索着干. (not) find it in one's heart/oneself to do sth (usu with can/could 通常与can/could连用) (not) be able to do sth because of kindness or consideration 由于善意或体谅而（不）能做某事物: I cannot find it in myself to condemn a mother who steals for a hungry child. 我不忍心责备为饥儿行窃的女人. * Can you find it in your heart to apologize? 你有诚意道歉吗? `find oneself discover one's true abilities, character and desires 发现自己真实的能力、性格和愿望: At twenty-two, he's just beginning to find himself. 他在二十二岁时才逐渐发现自己的实际才能. find/meet one's match => match2. find one's own level find and associate with the people with whom one is morally, socially or intellectually equal 找到并结交道德观念、社会地位或知识层次与自己相当的人. find/lose one's `voice/`tongue be able/unable to speak or express one's opinion 能够[不能够]说出或表达自己的意见: Tell me what you think  or have you lost your tongue? 告诉我你的想法--是否你有口难言? find its wayto... reach a destination naturally 自然达到目的地: Rivers find their way to the sea. 江河径自流入海洋. find one's way (to...) discover the right route (to a place) 发现（到某处的）途径: I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路. * She couldn't find her way out of the building. 她找不到走出大楼的路. take sb as one `finds him accept sb as he is without expecting him to behave in a special way 认为某人就是如此, 并不期望他有其他表现: We've only just returned from holiday so you must take us as you find us. 我们刚刚度假回来, 所以你看我们就是这副样子.  10 (phr v) find (sth) out learn (sth) by study or inquiry （经研究或询问）获知（某事物）: Can you find out what time the train leaves? 你能查问出火车什么时候开吗? find sb out discover sb who has done wrong, lied, etc 发现某人做错事、说谎等: He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out. 他一直欺骗税务局, 但多年之後才被查出. find for/against sb (law 律) give a verdict in favour of/against sb 做出对某人有利[不利]的裁决: The jury found for the defendant. 陪审团做了有利于被告的裁决.

/faɪnd; faɪnd/ n  1 thing or person that is found, esp sth/sb valuable or pleasing 发现或找到的物或人（尤指有用的）: Our new gardener was a marvellous find. 我们找到了一个很出色的花匠.  2 act of finding sth/sb 发现; 找到: an important archaeological find 重要的考古发现 * I made a great find in that second-hand bookshop yesterday. 我昨天在旧书店找到一本很宝贵的书.n  1 person who finds sth 找到某物的人: Lost: one diamond ring. Finder will be rewarded. 寻物: 遗失钻戒一枚, 寻得者将获重酬.  2 small telescope attached to a larger one used for locating an object for observation 寻星镜（附加在大望远镜上便于寻找观察目标的小望远镜）.  3 (idm 习语) ,finders `keepers (saying 谚) whoever finds sth has the right to keep it 谁找到归谁.n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 thing that is discovered as the result of an (official) inquiry （官方的）调查结果: the findings of the Commission 调查团的调查结果 * The report's main finding is that pensions are inadequate. 报告的主要内容是退休金不敷应用.  2 (law 律) decision or verdict of a court or jury 法庭或陪审团的判决或裁决./faɪn; faɪn/ n sum of money that must be paid as a punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金; 罚款: Offenders may be liable to a heavy fine. 触犯者罚款很重.

v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) punish sb by a fine 处某人以罚款: fined for dangerous driving 因危险驾驶而被罚款 * The court fined him 500. 法庭罚他500英镑.

/faɪn; faɪn/ adj (-r, -st)  1 (a) of high quality 高质量的: a fine painting 精美的绘画 * a very fine performance 非常精彩的表演 * fine food, clothes, material 上好的食品、衣服、材料. (b) carefully and skilfully made; easily damaged; delicate 精制的; 易损坏的; 纤巧的: fine workmanship 精巧的手工 * fine silk 细绸. (c) good; beautiful; pleasing; enjoyable 好的; 美的; 漂亮的; 令人愉快的: a fine view 美丽的景色 * We had a fine holiday in Switzerland. 我们在瑞士度过了一个愉快的假期. * (ironic 反语) This is a fine mess we're in! 好一个乱摊子!  2 (of weather) bright; clear; not raining （指天气）晴朗的, 无云的, 无雨的: It poured all morning, but turned fine later. 下了一上午的瓢泼大雨, 後来才转晴.  3 made of very small grains or particles 颗粒微小的: fine powder, flour, dust, etc 细粉末、精制的面粉、微细的灰尘 * Sand is finer than gravel. 沙子比碎石细.  4 slender; thin 纤细的; 细小的: fine thread 细线 * a pencil with a fine point 很尖的铅笔.  5 (of metals) refined; pure （指金属）精炼的, 纯的: fine gold 纯金.  6 (a) difficult to perceive; subtle 难于察觉的; 细微的: You are making very fine distinctions. 你做的区分非常精细. (b) that can make delicate and careful distinctions 能辨别细微差别的: a fine sense of humour 敏锐的幽默感 * a fine taste in art 对艺术的细致的鉴赏力.  7 (of speech or writing) ornate; rhetorical; complimentary, esp in an insincere way （指语言或文字）词藻华丽的, 修辞的, 恭维的（尤指虚伪地）: His speech was full of fine words which meant nothing. 他的讲话净是华而不实的词藻.  8 in good health; well; comfortable 健康的; 舒适的: `How are you?' `Fine, thanks.' ｀你好吗?＇｀很好, 谢谢!＇  9 (infml 口) satisfactory 满意的: I'm not very hungry  a small snack is fine for me. 我不太饿--来点小吃就够了.  10 (idm 习语) chance would be a fine thing => chance1. the finer points (of sth) the details or aspects of sth which can be recognized and appreciated only by those who understand or know it well 只有行家才能领悟和欣赏到的某些方面或细节: I don't understand the finer points of snooker but I enjoy watching it on TV. 我不太懂落袋台球游戏, 但我喜欢看电视里的这种节目. get sth down to a fine `art (infml 口) learn to do sth perfectly 学会将某事物做得尽善尽美: She's got the business of buying birthday presents down to a fine art. 她对购买生日礼品的事非常在行. not to put too fine a `point on it to speak plainly 直截了当地说: I don't much like modern music  in fact, not to put too fine a point on it, I hate it. 我不很喜欢现代音乐--说句老实话, 我其实很讨厌现代音乐. one fine `day (in story-telling) on a certain day, in the past or in the future （讲故事用语）有一天（可指过去或将来）.

/faɪn; faɪn/ adv  1 (infml 口) very well 很好: That suits me fine. 那对我很合适.  2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) in a fine2(1, 6) way 细微地; 精美地; 难于察觉地: fine-drawn (ie subtle) distinctions 细微的区别 * fine-spun, ie delicate 精细的.  3 (idm 习语) cut it/things `fine leave oneself only the minimum amount, esp of time 给自己剩下最小的量（尤指时间）: If we only allow five minutes for catching our train, we'll be cutting it too fine. 假如我们只留五分钟的时间赶火车, 那么我们卡的时间就太紧了.art or forms of art that appeal to the sense of beauty, eg painting, sculpture, etc 美术或美术的各种形式（如绘画、雕刻等）: [attrib 作定语] a fine-arts course 美术课程.(idm 习语) (go over, through, etc sth) with a fine-tooth comb (examine sth) closely and thoroughly 细心地, 彻底地（检查某事物）: Police experts are sifting all the evidence with a fine-tooth comb. 警方专门人员仔仔细细地审查所有证据.adv  1 well; splendidly 美好地; 华丽地: finely dressed 衣着华丽.  2 into small particles or pieces 微小地; 细微地: finely chopped herbs 剁得很碎的药草.  3 with precision; in a subtle way 准确地; 精巧细微地: a finely tuned engine 精确调整的发动机 * The match was finely balanced. 比赛双方刚好势均力敌.n [U]./ˈfaɪnərɪ; `faɪnərɪ/ n [U] gay and elegant clothes or decoration 华丽、优雅的服装或装饰: court officials dressed in all their finery 穿着华丽衣服的宫廷官员 * The garden looks beautiful in its summer finery, ie with its bright flowers, lawns, etc. 在夏日绚丽的景色中, 花园显得很美./fɪˈnes; fə`nɛs/ n  1 [U] skill in dealing with people or situations cleverly or tactfully 手段; 策略: show finesse in averting a threatened strike 在避免一触即发的罢工中显示出深谋大略 * He wheedled money from his father with considerable finesse. 他耍了个手腕儿花言巧语地从父亲那里得到了钱.  2 [C] (in card-games) attempt to win a trick(5) by playing a card that is not the highest one held （纸牌戏中）偷牌（打出手中并非最大的牌以赢得一墩的手法）.

v [Tn] (in card-games) play (a card) as part of a finesse(2) （纸牌戏中）为偷牌打出（一张牌）而赢得一墩: She succeeded in finessing her queen. 她为偷牌打出Q而赢得一墩./ˈfɪŋgə(r); `fɪŋˇɚ/ n  1 any of the five parts extending from each hand (`little finger, `ring finger, `middle finger, `forefinger/`index finger, thumb); any of these except the thumb 手指（小指、无名指、中指、食指、拇指）; 除拇指外的任何一个手指: There are five fingers (or four fingers and one thumb) on each hand. 每只手有五个手指. => illus at hand 见hand插图. => Usage at body 用法见body.  2 part of a glove that fits over a finger （手套的）手指部.  3 (infml 口) measure of alcohol in a glass, roughly equal to the width of one finger 指幅（对杯中酒类的度量, 约略等于一指宽）: He poured himself two fingers of whisky. 他给自己倒了两指幅的威士忌.  4 (idm 习语) be all ,fingers and `thumbs be clumsy or awkward with one's hands 笨手笨脚: Can you thread this needle for me? I'm all fingers and thumbs today. 你能替我穿针吗? 今天我手脚不灵. burn one's fingers/get one's fingers burnt => burn2. cross one's fingers => cross2. get, pull, etc a/one's `finger out (infml 口) stop being lazy; work faster 别再偷懒; 干快一些: If you don't pull your finger out, you'll never get the job finished. 你要是不快些, 就绝对干不完. have a finger in every `pie (infml 口) be involved in everything that is happening 参与或插手一切事情. have/keep one's finger on the pulse know all the latest news, developments, etc 充分了解或掌握最近的消息、情况等. have, etc one's fingers in the till (infml 口) steal money from one's place of work 从自己的工作部门偷钱: be caught with one's fingers in the till 在自己的工作部门偷钱时被捉住. * He's had his fingers in the till for years. 他偷工作部门的钱已多年. lay a `finger on sb/sth touch sb/sth, however slightly （即使轻轻）触碰某人[某物]: If you lay a finger on that boy (ie harm him physically), I'll never forgive you. 你若碰这孩子一下, 我就决不饶你. lift/raise a finger/hand => lift. point the finger => point2. put one's finger on sth identify precisely or point out (an error, the cause of a problem, etc) 准确地看出或指出（错误、问题的所在）: I can't quite put my finger on the flaw in her argument. 我看不出她的论点有何不妥. put the finger on sb (sl 俚) give imformation about (esp a criminal) to the police, etc 向警方等提供（尤指罪犯的）情况. slip through sb's fingers => slip2. snap one's fingers => snap. sticky fingers => sticky. twist sb round one's little finger => twist. work one's fingers to the bone work very hard 非常努力地工作.

/fɪŋgə(r); `fɪŋˇɚ/ v [Tn]  1 touch or feel (sth) with the fingers 触摸（某物）: She fingered the silk to feel its quality. 她摸了摸这块绸料看质量如何. * I don't like eating food that's been fingered by someone else. 我不愿意吃别人摸过的食物.  2 play (a musical instrument) with the fingers 用手指拨弹（乐器）.  3 (sl 俚) give information about (esp a criminal) to the police, etc 向警方报信（尤指关于罪犯的消息）.n piece of wood (on a guitar, violin, etc) where the strings are pressed against the neck of the instrument with the fingers to vary the tone （弦乐器的）指板.n small bowl for rinsing the fingers during meals 洗指盆（用餐时涮手指用的小盆）.n mark, eg on a wall, made by a (dirty) finger 指迹, 指痕（如脏手指留在墙上的）: leave finger-marks all over the shiny table 在光亮的桌面上到处留下指印.n layer of nail(1) over the upper surface of the tip of a finger 手指甲.n glass, metal or plastic plate fastened on a door near the handle or keyhole to prevent finger-marks 指痕防护板（为防手指弄污而固定于门扶手或锁孔附近的玻璃、金属或塑料板）.n protective cover for an injured finger （保护受伤手指的）护指套./ˈfɪŋgərɪŋ; `fɪŋˇərɪŋ/ n [U] method of using the fingers in playing a musical instrument or in typing; numbers on a printed piece of music showing this （演奏乐器或打字时的）指法; 乐谱上表示指法的数字: a piano piece with tricky fingering 指法很难的钢琴曲.n mark made by the tip of a finger on a surface and used for identifying people, esp criminals 指纹: take the prisoner's fingerprints 取囚犯的指纹.n  1 extreme end of a finger 指端; 指尖.  2 (idm 习语) have sth at one's `fingertips be completely familiar with sth 对某事物了如指掌. to one's `fingertips in every way; completely; through and through 各方面; 完全; 彻底: She's an artist to her fingertips. 她是真正的艺术家./ˈfɪnɪkɪ; `fɪnɪkɪ/ (also finical/ 5fInIkl; `fInIkl/, finicking/ fInIkIN; `fInIkIN/) adj  1 (derog 贬) too fussy about food, clothes, etc （对饮食、衣着等）过分挑剔的: a finicky eater, dresser, etc 对吃、穿等过分挑剔的人.  2 needing much attention to detail 需注意细节的: This job is too finicky for me. 我做不了这么细致的工作./ˈfɪnɪʃ; `fɪnɪʃ/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn, Tg] come or bring (sth) to an end 结束, 完成（某事物）: Term finishes next week. 下星期学期结束. * finish one's work 把工作做完 * finish (reading) a book 读完一本书. (b) [I] reach the end of a task or an activity 达到工作或活动的结束阶段: Wait  I haven't finished yet. 等一等--我还没有完呢. * Two of the runners failed to finish. 有两名赛跑者没有跑完全程. * She was leading for part of the race but finally finished fourth. 她在比赛中一度领先, 但最後得第四名.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/up) eat, drink or use what is left of sth 把所剩之物吃完、喝完或用完: We might as well finish (up) the cake; there isn't much left. 咱们索性把蛋糕吃完吧, 也没剩多少了.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) complete sth or make sth perfect 完成某事物; 使某事物臻于完美; 加工: a beautifully finished wooden bowl 加工精美的木碗 * put the finishing touches to a work of art 为艺术作品作最後的修饰 * This blouse needs to be finished off before I can wear it. 这件（女）衬衣还要再加一下工我才能穿.  4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (off) (infml 口) exhaust sb completely 使某人筋疲力尽: That bike ride absolutely finished me (off). 我骑了一路自行车已筋疲力尽.  5 (phr v) finish sb/sth off (infml 口) destroy sb/sth 毁坏某人[某事物]: That fever nearly finished him off. 那次高烧险些要了他的命. * The last bullet finished off the wounded animal. 最後的那颗子弹结束了这受伤动物的性命. * (fig 比喻) It would finish me off to see her with him. 看见她和他在一起我简直活不了啦. finish with sb/sth (a) no longer be busy with sb; no longer be using sth 不再为某人忙碌; 不再使用某物: Can you wait a minute? I haven't finished with Ann yet. 你能稍等一下吗? 我和安还没完事呢. * You'll be sorry by the time I've finished with you, eg finished punishing you. 等我收拾完你（如惩罚完你）, 你就後悔去吧. * Please put the saucepan away if you've finished with it. 你用完了那个长柄锅, 就把它收起来. (b) end a relationship with sb or a connection with sth 与某人断绝关系; 终止与某事物的联系: She should finish with him  he treats her very badly. 她应该和他断绝关系--他对她太不好了. * I've finished with gambling  it's a waste of money. 我已经戒赌了--赌博完全是浪费钱财. finish (up) with sth have sth at the end 以某事物作结尾: We had a quick lunch and finished up with a cup of coffee/and a cup of coffee to finish up with. 我们匆忙吃了午饭, 最後又喝了一杯咖啡. finish up (followed by an adj or n 後接形容词或名词) be at the end; end up 终结; 结束: He could finish up dead or badly injured. 他到头来不是死就是重伤.

n  1 [C] last part or end of sth 某事物的最後部分或结尾: the finish of a race 赛跑的终点 * There were several close finishes during the competition, ie ones in which the leading competitors were close together at the end. 那几个参赛者在比赛临近结束时成绩极接近.  2 (a) [C, U] state of being finished or perfect 完成的或完美的状态: furniture with a fine finish 最後工序做得很细致的家具 * (fig 比喻) His manners lack finish. 他的仪态稍欠文雅. (b) [C] method, material or texture used for completing the surface of woodwork, etc 用于处理木器等表面的方法、材料或物质: varnishes available in a range of finishes 可以产生各种表面效果的漆料.  3 (idm 习语) be in at the `finish be present at the end of sth 在某事物的终结时在场. fight to the finish => fight1. a fight to the finish => fight2./ˈfɪnɪʃt; `fɪnɪʃt/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb/sth) (infml 口) in a state of having completed sth or no longer dealing with sb/sth 完成某事物; 不再与某人[某事物]有联系: I won't be finished for another hour. 我还有一个小时才能完事. * I'm not finished with you yet. 我和你还有事未完. * She decided she was finished with working for others. 她决定不再为别人做事.  2 [pred 作表语] no longer effective; ruined 不再有效; 毁灭了: The scandal means he's finished in politics. 这一丑闻意味着他在政治上已身败名裂. * Everything is finished between her and him. 她和他已一刀两断了.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] made; completed 制造好的; 完成的: the finished product, article, etc 制成品、物件等.n person or animal that finishes a race, etc 跑完赛程等的人或动物.private (usu expensive) school where girls are taught how to behave in fashionable society 精修学校（教导女子在上流社会中仪态举止的私立学校, 通常学费极昂贵）./ˈfaɪnaɪt; `faɪnaɪt/ adj  1 having bounds; limited; not infinite 有限的; 有限制的; 有限度的: Human knowledge is finite, ie There are things we do not know. 人类的认识是有限的.  2 (grammar) of a verb form that agrees with its subject in person and number 限定的（在人称和数上与主语一致的动词形式的）: `Am', `is', `are', `was' and `were' are the finite forms of `be'; `be', `being' and `been' are the non-finite forms. *am、is、are、was、were 是动词 be 的限定形式; be、being、been 是非限定形式./fɪŋk; fɪŋk/ n (US sl derog 俚, 贬)  1 person who gives information to the police about criminals （向警方）通报罪犯情况的人.  2 person who continues to work while others are on strike 工贼（罢工时仍继续工作的人）.  3 unpleasant or contemptible person 讨厌的人; 可鄙的人./fɪn; fɪn/ n native of Finland 芬兰人./fɪnən; `fɪnən/ n (also ,finnan `haddock) type of smoked haddock 熏鳕鱼.n [U] language of the Finns 芬兰语.  adj of the Finns or their language 芬兰人的; 芬兰语的./fjɔːd; fjɔrd/ n long narrow inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway 峡湾（在悬崖峭壁之间的狭长海湾, 如挪威的）./fɜː(r); fɝ/ n  1 [C] (also `fir-tree) type of evergreen tree with leaves like needles on its shoots 枞; 冷杉.  2 [U] wood of this tree 此种树的木材.n fruit of the fir-tree 冷杉的球果./ˈfaɪə(r); faɪr/ n  1 [U] burning that produces light and heat 火; 火焰; 燃烧: man's discovery of fire 人类对火的发现.  2 (a) [U] destructive burning 火灾; 失火: Have you insured your house against fire? 你的房子保火险了没有? (b) [C] instance of this 火灾; 失火: forest fires 森林火灾 *  a fire in the warehouse 仓库失火.  3 (a) [C] burning fuel in a grate, furnace, etc for cooking food or heating a room 炉火: make/build a fire 生火 * lay a fire, ie put paper, wood, etc together for a fire, usu in a grate 准备生火 * a blazing/roaring fire 炽烈的[熊熊的]火. (b) [C] apparatus for heating rooms, etc 取暖装置: a gas/electric fire 煤气[电]暖炉. Cf 参看 heater (heat2), stove 2.  4 [U] shooting from guns 开火（枪炮的射击）: The soldiers kept up a steady fire. 士兵们不停地射击. * return sb's fire, ie shoot back at sb 用枪炮向某人还击.  5 [U] strong emotion; angry or excited feeling; enthusiasm 激情; 愤怒或激动的感情; 热情: His speech lacked fire, ie was uninspiring. 他的讲话缺乏热情.  6 (idm 习语) a ball of fire => ball1. a baptism of fire => baptism. between two `fires being shot at from two directions 腹背受敌（受到两面夹攻）. catch fire => catch1. draw sb's fire => draw2. the fat is in the fire => fat2. ,fire and `brimstone torture suffered in Hell as a result of God's anger 因触怒上帝在地狱中遭受的煎熬: (fig 比喻) She was breathing fire and brimstone, ie was furiously angry. 她火冒三丈. ,fire and `sword (fml 文) burning and killing, esp in war 杀人放火（尤指于战争中）. get on like a house on fire => house1. go through ,fire and `water (for sb/sth) endure great hardship and danger (for sb/sth) （为某人[某事物]）冒极大危险及忍受巨大苦难, 赴汤蹈火. hang fire => hang1. have, etc many irons in the fire => iron1. heap coals of fire on sb's head => heapv. hold one's `fire stop shooting (for a period of time) 停止射击（一段时间） make up a `fire add wood, coal, etc to a fire to make it burn more strongly 在火上加木柴、煤等使其燃烧更旺. no smoke without fire => smoke1. on `fire (a) burning 燃烧: The house is on fire! 房子着火了! (b) (fig 比喻) burning with emotion, passion or sensation 感情激动的; 激情冲动的. open fire => open2. out of the frying-pan into the fire => frying-pan (fry1). play with `fire take foolish anddangerous risks 玩火（进行愚蠢的冒险）. set fire to sth/set sth on fire cause sth to start burning 使某物开始燃烧; 放火. (not/never) set the `Thames/ temz; tZmz/on fire (not) do sth remarkable （不）做惊人之举: He's a good student, but he won't ever set the Thames on fire. 他是好学生, 但也绝成不了大器. set the world on fire => world. under `fire (a) being shot at 遭到射击: come under intense fire 受到枪炮猛烈攻击. (b) (fig 比喻) being criticized severely 受到严厉批评: The government is under fire from all sides on its economic policy. 政府在经济政策上受到各方的严厉批评.

/ˈfaɪə(r); faɪr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb/sth); ~ (sth) into sth shoot with a gun (at sb/sth); shoot (a bullet) from a gun; shoot a bullet from (a gun) 用枪炮（向某人[某物]）射击; 从枪中射出（子弹）; 从（枪）中射出子弹: `Fire!' ordered the captain. ｀开火!＇上尉命令道. * The officer ordered his men to fire (at the enemy). 军官命令士兵（向敌人）射击. * The police fired (several rubber bullets) into the crowd. 警察向人群射击（数发橡皮子弹）. * This weapon fires anti-aircraft missiles. 这种武器是发射防空导弹的. * He fired several shots (at the target). 他向目标射出了几发子弹. * fire (a pistol) into the air （用手枪）向天空开枪 * fire a 21-gun salute, ie fire 21 shots from guns into the air as a sign of respect in a ceremony 鸣放21响礼炮.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth at sb address (words) in quick succession at sb 对某人急速地连续说（话）: fire insults, questions, ideas, etc at sb 对某人像发连珠炮似的说侮辱的话、提出问题、看法等.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) dismiss (an employee) from a job 解雇, 开除（雇员）: He was fired for stealing money from the till. 他因从柜台抽屉偷钱而遭解雇.  4 [Tn] ignite or set fire to (sth) with the aim of destroying it （为焚毁）点火或纵火烧（某物）: fire a haystack 点燃草堆.  5 [I] (of the explosive mixture in an engine) ignite （指发动机内的可燃气体混合物）点火; 发动: The engine will not fire. 这发动机发动不起来. * The engine is only firing on three cylinders. 这发动机只有三个汽缸工作.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb with sth; ~ sb into sth/doing sth stimulate (the imagination); fill sb with (a strong emotion); inspire or excite sb to do sth 激发（想像力）; 使某人充满（激情）; 鼓励或鼓动某人做某事物: Adventure stories fired his imagination. 冒险小说激发起他的想像力. * fire sb with enthusiasm, longing, desire, etc 以热情、渴望、欲望等激励某人 * The party leader's rousing speech fired the members into action. 该党领袖令人振奋的讲话激发了党员行动起来.  7 [Tn] heat (an object made of clay) in an oven in order to harden and strengthen it （在　内）烧制（陶瓷制品）: fire pottery, bricks, etc in a kiln 在　内烧陶瓷、砖瓦等.  8 (idm 习语) working/firing on all cylinders => cylinder.  9 (phr v) fire away (usu as a command 通常作命令语) (infml 口) begin asking questions; begin to speak 开始问问题; 开始说话: `I've got a couple of questions I'd like to ask you.' `Right, fire away.' ｀我有几个问题想问你.＇｀好, 你说吧.＇ fire sth off shoot (a bullet) from a gun 从枪中射出（子弹）: fire off a few rounds, all one's ammunition, etc 射出几发子弹、所有的弹药等.organized team of people trained and employed to extinguish fires 消防队; 消防处: call out the fire brigade 召唤消防队来.portable metal container with water or a chemical mixture inside for putting out small fires 灭火器.building for a fire brigade and its equipment 消防站.n bell or other device that gives warning of a fire; sound made by this 火警报警器; 火警警报.n  1 large bright meteor 火流星.  2 centre of an atomic explosion 原子弹爆炸的中心.  3 (fig 比喻) very energetic person 精力极充沛的人.n bomb that burns fiercely after it explodes, causing destruction by fire; incendiary 燃烧弹.n place where fuel is burned in a steam-engine or boiler （蒸气机或锅炉内燃料的）燃烧室.n strip of land cleared of trees to stop fire from spreading in a forest （森林中除掉树木以防止森林火蔓延的）防火带, 防火线.n type of brick made to withstand great heat, used in building grates, furnaces, chimneys, etc 耐火砖; 火砖.n [U] type of clay used to make fire-bricks 耐火黏土（制做耐火砖用的）.n [C, U] (practice of) what people must do to escape safely from a burning building, ship, etc 消防演习.n  1 person who appears to swallow fire as part of an entertainment act 表演吞火的人.  2 person who easily becomes angry or quarrelsome 易怒的人; 爱吵架的人.n special vehicle carrying equipment for fighting large fires 消防车.n special staircase or apparatus by which people may escape from a burning building, etc 可藉以逃离火场的太平梯或机械装置.n person who fights (esp forest) fires 消防人员（尤指护林的）.n protective metal frame or grating round a fire in a room （室内取暖炉的）炉挡.n [pl] tools used for tending a fire, usu kept near the fireplace, eg poker, tongs, shovel, etc 火炉用具（如通条、火钳、铲子等）.n [C, U] (piece of) inflammable material used to help start a fire in a grate 用于引火的易燃材料; 引火物.n (esp US) connection in a water-main for a fireman's hose; hydrant 消防栓.n [U] capacity to destroy, measured by the number and size of guns available 火力.n.n [U] deliberately setting fire to property, etc; arson 放火; 纵火. n.n [U] (usu religious) ceremony of walking barefoot over very hot stones, ashes, etc as an act of faith 渡火（赤脚在灼热的石头、炭灰等之上行走, 通常为宗教仪式）. n person who watches for fires, esp those caused by bombs during war 火灾警戒员（尤指空袭时的）.n [U] (infml 口) strong alcoholic drink, eg whisky, gin, etc 烈酒（如威士忌、杜松子酒等）.n (usu pl 通常作复数) portable gun of any sort, eg a rifle, revolver, etc （便携式）枪枝（如步枪、左轮手枪等）: carry firearms 携带枪枝.n  1 piece of burning wood 燃烧的木块.  2 (fig 比喻) person who causes (esp social or political) trouble 引起（尤指社会的或政治的）动乱的人.n (esp US) small firework that explodes with a cracking noise 鞭炮; 爆竹.n [U] gas in coal-mines, explosive when mixed in certain proportions with air; methane （煤矿中与一定比例的空气混合的）瓦斯; 沼气; 甲烷.n = andiron.n type of winged insect that glows in the dark 萤火虫.n [U] light from a fire in a fireplace 壁炉发出的火光: sitting in the firelight 坐在壁炉周围./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/)  1 member of a fire brigade 消防队员.  2 person who tends the fire in a furnace, steam-engine, etc （熔炉、蒸气机等的）司炉工.n open space for a fire in a room, usu made of brick or stone and set into a wall 壁炉.adj that can resist great heat without burning, cracking or breaking 防火的; 耐火的: a fireproof wall, door, etc 防火墙、门等.  v [Tn] make (sth) fireproof 使（某物）防火.n (usu sing 通常作单数) part of a room beside the fireplace 壁炉旁: sitting at the fireside 坐在壁炉旁 * [attrib 作定语] a fireside chair 壁炉旁的椅子.n [U] wood used for lighting fires or as fuel 木柴.n [C] device containing chemicals that burn or explode spectacularly, used at celebrations or as a signal （庆典用或作信号用的）烟火: set off (ie explode) a few fireworks 燃放几个烟火.  2 `fireworks [pl] (a) display of fireworks 烟火表演. (b) (fig 比喻) display of anger, wit, etc 愤怒、机智等的表现: Just you watch the fireworks when your father catches those boys! 等你父亲抓住那几个男孩子的时候, 你就能看到他的火气有多大了!/ˈfaɪərɪŋ; `faɪrɪŋ/ n  1 [U] action of firing guns 开火; 开枪; 开炮; 射击: There was continous firing to our left. 在我们左翼有连续的射击.  2 [C, U] (act of) firing (fire2 7) a clay object （黏土制物的）焙烧: It will take several firings to clear the shelves of all these pots. 把这些架上的陶罐全都烧好要烧好几窑.n  1 front line of battle, nearest the enemy 火线（离敌人最近的前沿地带）.  2 (idm 习语) be in the `firing line be subject to criticism, blame, etc because of one's responsibilities or position （由于所负的责任或所处的地位）易受到批评、责备等: She'll have to be careful now  she's directly in the firing-line of the new director. 现在她要格外小心了--她正在新主任的眼皮底下工作.n [CGp] group of soldiers ordered to shoot a condemned person 行刑队（对判处死刑的犯人执行枪决的士兵）: He was sentenced to death by firing-squad. 他被判枪决./fɜːm; fɝm/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) not yielding when pressed; fairly hard 坚实的; 结实的; 坚硬的: This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on. 这块湿地不够坚实, 不能在上面走. * firm soil 坚硬的土壤 * a firm cushion, mattress, sofa, etc 结实的坐垫、床垫、沙发等 * firm flesh/muscles 结实的肌肉. (b) strongly fixed in place; secure or solid 牢固的; 稳固的; 坚固的: firm foundations 坚固的基础 * a firm foothold 稳固的立足点 * firm concrete fencing 坚固的混凝土围墙材料.  2 (of a movement) steady and strong; not weak or uncertain （指动作）稳定而有力的: a firm handshake, grip, hold, etc 有力的握手、紧抓、紧握.  3 not subject to change; definite 不易改变的; 肯定的; 坚定的: a firm belief/believer in socialism 对社会主义的坚定的信念[拥护者] * a firm decision, date, arrangement, offer 不改变的决定、确定的日期、不更改的排列方式、实盘 * firm opinions, convictions, principles, etc 坚定的意见、信念、原则等 * firm news, evidence, information, etc 可靠的新闻、证据、信息等 * `Burnside' is the firm favourite to win the race, ie the horse that is confidently expected to win. ｀伯恩赛德＇是肯定会获胜的热门马.  4 ~ (with sb) strong and consistent in attitude and behaviour; not easily persuaded to change one's mind; decisive 坚定的; 坚决的: Parents must be firm with their children. 父母对孩子一定要严格. * exercise firm leadership, control, discipline, etc 实行坚决的领导、严格的控制、严格的纪律等 * `I don't want to be unkind,' he said in a firm voice. ｀我不想发狠心,＇他以坚定的口吻说.  5 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (against sth) not lower than another currency, etc and possibly about to rise in price 稳定, 坚挺（不低于其他货币等而且有可能升值的）: The pound remained firm against the dollar, but fell against the yen. 英镑对美元保持稳定, 但对日元则疲软.  6 (idm 习语)

v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become firm （使某物）变得坚实、稳固: firm (up) soil 把土地弄得坚实.  2 (phr v) firm sth up (a) put sth into a final fixed form 使某物最後达到固定的形式或状态: firm up a contract, deal, agreement, etc 使合同、交易、协议等达成最後形式. (b) make (part of the body) firmer and less fatty 使（身体某部）更结实, 脂肪少: Exercise will firm up your muscles. 锻炼身体能使肌肉结实.

adv (idm 习语) hold firm to sth not abandon a principle, theory, etc 不放弃原则、理论等: hold firm to one's beliefs, ideals, principles, etc 坚持自己的信仰、理想、原则等. stand fast/firm => fast2.

/fɜːm; fɝm/ n [CGp] (esp infml 尤作口语) businesscompany 公司; 商行; 商号: a firm of accountants 会计师事务所 * our firm has/have made 200 workers redundant 我们公司已裁减200名雇员./ˈfɜːməmənt; `fɝməmənt/ n the firmament [sing] (arch 古) the sky 天空; 苍天.adv in a firm way 坚实地; 结实地; 坚固地; 稳固地; 坚定地; 稳定地: The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上. * The business was soon firmly established in the town. 该商店不久即在城里稳固地建立起来. * The suggestion was politely but firmly rejected by the chairman. 主席婉言而果断地回绝了该建议.n [U]./fɜːst; fɝst/ det  1 (a) 1st; coming before all others in time, order, importance, etc 第一的; 最初的; 最早的; 最先的; 首要的: the first public performance of the play 该剧的首次公演 * his first wife 他的第一个妻子 * their first baby 他们的第一个孩子 * her first job 她的第一份工作 * students in their first year at college 学院一年级学生 * at first light, ie dawn 黎明 * at the first (ie earliest) opportunity 一有机会 * the first signs that winter isapproaching 冬天来临的最初迹象 * one's first impression/reaction 最初的印象[反应] * She won first prize in the competition. 她在竞赛中获一等奖. * King Edward I (ie said as `King Edward the First') 英王爱德华一世 * go back to first (ie basic) principles 回到基本的原则上 * of the first importance 最重要的 * the first violins, ie in an orchestra 第一小提琴手（管弦乐队中的） * Your first duty is to your family. 你的首要责任是照顾家庭. (b) never having happened or been experienced before 初次的: It was the first time they had ever met. 那是他们初次会面. * his first real taste of success 他对成功的初次真实感受. Cf 参看 last1 1. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) first/last/next but one, two, three, etc: Take the first turning but one (ie the second turning) on your left. 在第二个路口向左转. * I live in the last house but two (ie the third house from the end) in this street. 我住在这条街上倒数第三座房子里. first/last thing=> thing. ,first things `first (saying 谚) the most important or necessary duties or concerns must be dealt with before others 最重要的事要先做. (For other idioms containing first, see the entries for the other major words in each idiom 查阅含有first一词的其他习语, 见这类习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 at first glance/sight => glance; not have the first idea about sth => idea.)

/fɜːst; fɝst/ adv  1 (a) before anyone or anything else; at the beginning 第一; 最初; 最先: Susan came into the room first. 苏珊第一个来到屋子里. * Who came first in the race? ie Who won? 谁赛跑得第一? * Ladies first, ie said by a man, allowing a woman to enter a room, car, etc before he does. 女士先请（男子请女子先进屋、先上车等时说的话）. (b) before another event or time 先; 首先: First I had to decide what to wear. 首先我得决定穿什么衣服. * Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行动. * `Have some tea.' `I'll finish my work first.' ｀喝点茶吧.＇｀我先把工作做完再说.＇ Cf 参看 last2.  2 for the first time 第一次; 首次: When did you first meet him? 你第一次见他是什么时候? * The play was first performed in Paris. 此剧首次在巴黎公演. * When he first arrived in this country, he couldn't speak any English. 他刚到这个国家时, 一句英语也不会说.  3 (in giving a list) to begin with （用于列举事项）第一, 首先: This method has two advantages: first it is cheaper and second(ly) it is quicker. 这个方法有两个优点: 一是较便宜, 二是较迅速. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 in preference to sth else 宁愿; 宁可: He said he'd resign first, eg rather than compromise his principles. 他说他宁愿辞职（例如也不愿在原则上妥协）.  5 (idm 习语) at `first at or in the beginning; initially 起初; 当初: At first I thought he was shy, but then I discovered he was just not interested in other people. 起初我还以为他很　腆, 後来我才发觉他是不爱理人. * (saying 谚) If at first you don't succeed, try, try again. 一次不成功, 那就再接再厉地干下去. come `first be considered as more important than anything else 首先要考虑到的: You know that your wife and children come first. 你要知道首先要考虑的是你的妻子儿女. ,first and `foremost more than anything else; firstly and most importantly 比什么都重要; 首要的: He does a bit of writing, but first and foremost he's a teacher. 他也写一些文章, 但他主要是个教师. ,first and `last (fml 文) taking everything into account; completely 考虑到一切因素; 完全地: He was a real gentleman, first and last. 从各方面来看, 他都是个正人君子. ,first `come, ,first `served (saying 谚) people will be dealt with, seen, etc strictly in order of their arrival or application 先来後到. ,first of `all before (doing) anything else; initially; most importantly 首先; 最初; 首要: First of all she just smiled, then she started to laugh. 最初她只是微笑, 後来才放声大笑. * Well, first of all we can't possibly spare the time. 你看, 最主要的是我们实在抽不出时间. first `off (infml 口) before anything else 首先: First off, let's see how much it'll cost. 首先, 让我们看看要花多少钱.head first => head1. last in, first out => last2. put sb/sth `first consider sb/sth to be more important than anyone/anything else 把某人[某事物]放在首位: put one's career, reputation, children first 把事业、名誉、儿女放在首位. see sb in hell first => hell.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When ordering items in a list, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), etc are put at the beginning of the sentence or clause. 在列举项目时, 要将first(ly)、second(ly)、third(ly)等词置于句子或从句之首. They are usually followed by a comma. 在这些词後面通常用逗号. Some speakers prefer first to firstly 有些人说话时愿用first而不用firstly: There are three reasons for my resignation. First(ly), I am dissatisfied with my wages; secondly, the hours are too long; and thirdly, there is little chance of promotion. 我辞职有三个原因. 一是我对工资不满意; 二是工作时间太长; 三是几乎没有晋升机会. Alternatively, first, second, third, etc could be used. 在上述这类句子中也可使用first、second、third等.

/fɜːst; fɝst/ n, pron  1 the first first person or thing mentioned or occurring （提到的或出现的）第一个人或事物: Sheila was the first to arrive. 希拉是第一个到达的. * I'm the first in my family to go to university. 我是我们家第一个上大学的. * I'd be the first to admit (ie I will most willingly admit) I might be wrong. 我愿第一个承认我可能错了. * The first I heard about the firm closing down (ie The first time I became aware of it) was when George told me. 我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的.  2 [C] (infml 口) notable achievement, event, etc never done or experienced before （以前从未有过的）显着成就、事件等: a real first for the German team 德国队的创举.  3 [C] ~ (in sth) (Brit) university degree of the highest class （大学学位的）最高成绩, 优等: She got a first in maths at Exeter. 她在埃克塞特大学数学系毕业, 获一级荣誉学位.  4 [U] lowest gear on a car, bicycle, etc （汽车, 自行车等的）最低挡: go up the hill in first gear 挂一挡上山坡.  5 (idm 习语) from the (very) `first from the beginning 一开始: I found the idea attractive from the first, and now I'm convinced its the only solution. 一开始我就感到这主意很不错, 现在我深信这是唯一的解决方法. from ,first to `last from beginning to end; throughout 自始至终; 始终; 一贯.treatment given to an injured person before a doctor comes 急救.= dress circle (dress).1 first of the bases (base1 6) that must be touched in a game of baseball （棒球运动中的）一垒.  2 (idm 习语) not get to first base (with sth) (infml 口 esp US) not make a successful start (in a project); not even achieve the first step 不能顺利开始（一项计画）; 连第一步也迈不出.1 most comfortable accommodation in a train, ship, etc （火车、船等的）头等: Smoking is not allowed in first class. 头等舱中不准吸烟. * [attrib 作定语] first-class carriages, compartments, seats, etc 头等的车厢、车室、座位等.  2 class of mail most quickly delivered 第一类邮件（快件）: First class costs 5p more. 第一类邮件贵5便士. * [attrib 作定语] A first-class letter should arrive the following day. 按第一类邮件投递的信应于次日到达. * Ten first-class stamps, please. 请来十张快信邮票.  3 in the best group or highest category; excellent 第一流的; 最好的; 最优的: The entertainment provided was first class. 提供的招待是一流的. * [attrib 作定语] They can afford to eat at first-class restaurants. 他们去得起一流的饭店. * She got first-class results in her exams. 她的考试成绩优异. * They're first-class people  you'll like them. 他们是大好人--你会喜欢他们的.  adv by the best or quickest form of transport or mail 以最好的和最快的方式运输或邮寄: travel first class 乘头等车[船/飞机]旅行 * I sent the letter first class on Monday. 星期一我已把信用快递寄出.= cousin.least serious of three categories of murder or burn 第一级的, 第一度的（谋杀或烧伤、烫伤的三级分类中的最轻者）: He was charged with murder of the first degree/first-degree murder. 他被控告一级谋杀罪. * Hot coffee can give first-degree burns. 热咖啡能造成一度烫伤.finger next to the thumb; index finger 食指.(usu 通常作 the first floor)  1 (Brit) floor immediately above the floor on ground level 二楼: [attrib 作定语] a first-floor `flat 二楼的一套公寓.  2 (US ) floor on ground level 一楼. => Usage at floor1 用法见floor1.lowest gear on a car, bicycle, etc 汽车、自行车等的最低挡.1 the First Lady (US) wife of the President of the USA; wife of a state governor 总统夫人; 州长夫人.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) leading woman in a specified activity or profession 某活动或行业中首屈一指的女性: recognized as the first lady of romantic fiction 公认为浪漫主义小说的主要女作家.personal name or names given to sb at his birth, usu coming before a surname or family name 名字, 教名（通常置于姓前）: Mrs Thatcher's first name is Margaret. 撒切尔夫人的名字叫玛格丽特. * [attrib 作定语] We are all on first-name terms with our boss, ie We call him by his first name (a sign of a friendly informal relationship). 我们和老板都以名相称（不冠姓, 显示关系密切不拘束）. => Usage at name1 用法见name1. Cf 参看 forename, given name (given), Christian name (Christian).first public performance of a play, film, etc; opening night （戏剧、电影等的）首场演出, 首映夜场: the first night of `The Sound of Music' ｀音乐之声＇（又译｀仙乐飘飘处处闻＇）首映夜场 * [attrib 作定语] suffer from ,first-night `nerves 首演怯场.person who has been found guilty of a crime for the first time 初犯.officer second in command to a captain on a merchant ship （商船上的）大副.right of deciding whether to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others 优先取舍权（有先于他人对某事物取舍的权利）: If you ever decide to sell your car, I hope you'll give me (the) first refusal. 你要是决定把汽车卖掉, 我希望你先让我考虑要不要, 我不要你再卖给别人.(in Britain) school for children between the ages of 5 and 8 or 9 （英国）第一学校（5岁至8、9岁之间的儿童上的学校）.n, adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) (child) born before other children; eldest （孩子中）头生的; 长子或长女: their first-born son 他们的长子.envelope with a set of special stamps postmarked on the first day of issue 首日封.n [U] (esp Scottish) custom or practice of waiting for the first person to enter a house in the New Year before celebrations can begin （尤指苏格兰的）等候进屋的第一个人以开始庆祝新年的习俗.n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 earliest agricultural produce, crops, etc of the season 一个季节中最早收获的农产品等.  2 (fig 比喻) first results of sb's work or efforts 某人工作或努力的最初成果.adj excellent; of the best quality 第一流的; 优良的; 质量最佳的: a ,first-rate `meal 最好的饭菜 * The food here is first-rate. 这里的食品是第一流的.  adv in very good health; very fit 非常健康; 身体好: feel first-rate 身体极好.adj [attrib 作定语], adv gained or coming directly from the original source 第一手（的）; 直接从来源处得到（的）: firsthand information 第一手信息 * experience sth firsthand 亲身经历某事.adv (in giving a list) to begin with （用于列举事项）首先, 第一: The illness can develop in two ways: firstly, in cases of high blood pressure and secondly... 这种病有两种情况: 第一, 由高血压引起; 第二..../fɜːθ; fɝθ/ n (esp in Scotland) narrow inlet of the sea; part of a river when it flows into the sea （尤指苏格兰的）狭窄的海湾, 河流的入海口./ˈfɪskl; `fɪskl/ adj of or related to government money or public money, usu taxes 国库的; 公款的; （通常指）岁入的; 财政的: the government's fiscal policy 政府的财政政策.(US) = financial year (financial)./fɪʃ; fɪʃ/ n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作fishes) =>Usage 见所附用法.  1 [C] cold-blooded animal living in water and breathing through gills, with fins and a tail for swimming 鱼: They caught several fish. 他们捉到几条鱼. * fishes, frogs and crabs 鱼、青蛙和螃蟹 =>illus 见插图.  2 [U] flesh of fish eaten as food 鱼肉: frozen, smoked, fresh, etc fish 冻鱼、熏鱼、鲜鱼 * boiled, fried, grilled, etc fish 煮鱼、炸鱼、烤鱼 * Fish was served after the first course. 第一道菜之後就上了鱼.  3 (idm 习语) a big fish => big. a cold fish => cold1. a different kettle of fish => different. drink like a fish => drink2. a fine, etc kettle of fish => kettle. a ,fish out of `water person who feels uncomfortable or awkward because he is in unfamiliar surroundings 离开水的鱼（因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人）: With my working-class background I feel like a fish out of water among these high-society people. 我出身于工人阶级, 在上流社会中感到很不自在. have `bigger/`other fish to fry have more important, interesting, etc things to do 另有要事或有兴趣的事要做. neither fish, flesh nor good red herring (saying 谚) difficult to identify or classify; vague; ambiguous 难以识别或分类的; 非驴非马的; 不伦不类的. an `odd/a `queer fish (infml 口) eccentric person; person whom others find hard to understand 古怪的人; 难以理解的人: He's a bit of an odd fish -- he's never been out of his house for years. 他这个人很古怪--多年来深居简出. play a `fish (when fishing with a rod and line) allow a fish to exhaust itself by forcing it to pull against the line （钓鱼时）让鱼拉钓线使之疲乏. there are (plenty of) `other fish in the sea; there are (plenty) `more (good) fish in the sea there are many other people/things that are as good as the one that has proved unsuccessful 海里的鱼有的是（这个不成, 好的人[事物]还有很多）.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Fish as a countable noun has two plural forms: fish and fishes. *fish一词作可数名词时有两个复数形式: fish和fishes. 1 Fish is the more usual form, used when referring to a mass of them in the water to be caught or seen 较普通的形式是fish, 指水中可捕捉或可看见的鱼: The number of fish in coastal waters has decreased. 沿海鱼的数量已减少了. * A lot of fish were caught during the competition. 在比赛中捉到很多鱼. 2 Fishes is used to refer to different species of fish *fishes的形式是用以指鱼的不同品种: He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean. 他专门研究印度洋的鱼类.

/fɪʃ; fɪʃ/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) try to catch fish with hooks, nets, etc （用鱼　、鱼网等）捕鱼: I often fish/go fishing at weekends. 我常在周末去钓鱼. * fishing for salmon 捕大麻哈鱼. (b) [Tn] try to catch fish in (an area of water) 在（某水域）中捕鱼: fish a river, lake, etc 在河中、湖中等捕鱼.  2 [Ipr] ~ for sth search for sth, esp in an area of water or a hidden place 寻找某物（尤指于某水域或隐蔽处）: fish for pearls 采集珍珠 * Fishing (around) in the bag for the keys. 在袋子里摸找钥匙.  3 (idm 习语) fish in troubled waters try to gain advantages for oneself from a disturbed state of affairs 混水摸鱼.  4 (phr v) fish for sth try to gain sth by indirect methods 设法用间接手段得到某事物: fish for compliments, information, praise 拐弯抹角获得恭维、情报、赞扬. fish sth out (of sth) take or pull sth out (of sth) esp after searching for it 经搜寻後从（某物）中拖出或拉出某物: Several old cars are fished out (of the canal) every month. 每月都从运河中打捞出几辆旧汽车来. * He fished a length of string out of his pocket. 他从口袋里掏出一条绳子.fish fried in batter and eaten with fried potato chips 软炸鱼加炸土豆条: Fish and chips is getting very expensive now. 现在软炸鱼加炸土豆条越来越贵了.small flat cake of cooked fish and mashed potato, usu covered with breadcrumbs 鱼饼（鱼、土豆泥, 通常裹以面包屑制成的饼）.small oblong piece of fish covered with breadcrumbs or batter 鱼条（裹着面包屑或面糊的长方形鱼肉条）.wide-angled lens with a distorting effect 鱼眼镜头; 超广角镜头.n area of water used to breed fish artificially 养鱼场.n barbed metal hook for catching fish 鱼钩. => illus at hook 见hook插图.n oval pan used for boiling fish 椭圆形煮鱼锅.n blunt knife with a broad blade used for eating fish （吃鱼用的）餐刀.n  1 [C] net used for catching fish 鱼网.  2 [U] fabric made with small holes 网眼织物: [attrib 作定语] fish-net tights 鱼网状裤袜./ˈfɪʃpleɪt; `fɪʃˌplet/ n flat piece of iron joining one length of railway line to the next 鱼尾板（用于连接铁轨的结合板）.n kitchen tool consisting of a broad flat blade that has slits in it and is attached to a long handle, used for turning or lifting food when cooking 煎鱼铲（铲面上带有长孔）. => illus at kitchen 见kitchen插图./ˈfɪʃəmən; `fɪʃɚmən/ n (pl -men) person who catches fish, esp as a job but also as a sport or hobby 渔民, 渔夫, 钓鱼人（尤指作为职业者, 但也可指作为运动、娱乐或爱好者）. Cf 参看 angler (angle2)./ˈfɪʃərɪ; `fɪʃərɪ/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) part of the sea where fish are caught commercially 渔场（商业捕鱼海域）: offshore fisheries, ie at some distance from the coast 近海渔场.  2 business or industry of fishing 渔业: the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 农业、渔业和粮食部.n [U] catching fish as a job, sport, or hobby 捕鱼（为生、为娱乐或为业余爱好的）: deep-sea fishing 深海捕鱼 * Fishing is still the main industry there. 捕鱼业仍为那里的主要行业. * [attrib 作定语] a fishing boat 渔船 * a fishing ground 渔场. n line1(9a) with a hook attached for catching fish （系有钓钩的）钓线, 钓丝. n (US fishing pole) long wooden or (jointed) metal rod with a fishing-line attached to it 钓竿. n [U] equipment used in fishing 渔具./-mʌŋgə(r); -ˌmʌŋˇɚ/ n (Brit) person whose job it is to sell fish in a shop （商店的）鱼贩: buy fish at the fishmonger's/from the fishmonger 从鱼贩那里买鱼.n  1 woman who sells fish 卖鱼妇.  2 (derog 贬) nagging abusive person (usu a woman) 粗俗爱骂街的人（通常指女人）: She was screaming like a fishwife! 她像泼妇一样尖叫!adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of or like a fish, esp in smell or taste 鱼的; 鱼味的; 鱼腥味的: a fishy smell 鱼腥味.  2 (infml 口) causing a feeling of doubt or suspicion 可疑的; 引起怀疑的: There's something rather fishy going on here. 这里有些事不大对头./ˈfɪsaɪl; <i>US</i> ˈfɪsl; `fɪsl/ adj (fml 文)  1 capable of undergoing nuclear fission 可进行核裂变的.  2 tending to split or divide 易裂的; 易分开的: fissile wood 易裂的木材./ˈfɪʃn; `fɪʃən/ n [U]  1 splitting of the nucleus of an atom with the release of a large amount of energy 裂变: nuclear fission 核裂变.  2 (biology 生) splitting or division of biological cells as a method of reproduction 分裂生殖./-ʃənəbl; -ʃənəbl/ adj (of material) with a nucleus that can be split （指材料）可作核裂变的./fɪˈsɪpərəs; fɪ`sɪpərəs/ adj reproducing by division of biological cells 分裂生殖的./ˈfɪʃə(r); `fɪʃɚ/ n long deep crack in rock or in the earth （岩石中或土地中的）深长裂缝./fɪst; fɪst/ n  1 hand when closed tightly with the fingers bent into the palm 拳; 拳头: He struck me with his fist. 他用拳头打我. * He clenched his fists. 他紧握拳头. * She shook her fist at him, ie as an angry threatening gesture. 她向他挥动拳头. =>Usage at body 用法见body.  2 (idm 习语) an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. the mailed fist => mail2. make money hand over fist => money./ˈfɪstfʊl; `fɪstfᴜl/ n number or quantity that can be held in a fist 可握在手中的数或量: a fistful of ten-pound notes 一把十英镑面额的纸币./ˈfɪstɪkʌfs; `fɪstɪˌkʌfs/ n [pl] (arch or joc 古或谑) fighting with the fists 用拳殴打: engage in fisticuffs 以拳互殴./ˈfɪstjʊlə; `fɪstʃᴜlə/ n  1 long pipelike ulcer with a narrow mouth 瘘管.  2 abnormal or surgically made passage in the body （身体中异常的或手术造成的）通道./fɪt; fɪt/ adj (-tter, -ttest)  1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ for sb/sth; ~ to do sth suitable or suited for sb/sth; well adapted for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]适宜; 合适; 适当: a land fit for heroes to live in 适合英雄生活的国土 * The food was not fit for human consumption/not fit to eat, ie was too bad to be eaten. 这食物不适宜人吃.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ to do sth (infml 口) in such a condition as to be likely or ready to do or suffer sth specified 可能或准备做某事物; 可能或准备受罪: They worked till they were fit to drop, ie likely to collapse from exhaustion. 他们一直工作到快要累垮了. * He's so angry that he's in no fit state to see anyone. 他气成那个样子, 简直无法见人. * (used as an adv after a v and to + infinitive 用作副词, 在动词 及to+不定式之後) He laughed fit to burst. 他要笑破肚子了. * His shouting was fit (ie loud enough) to wake the dead. 他大喊大叫都要把死人吵醒了.  3 ~ (for sth/to do sth) in good health, esp because of regular physical exercise 健康的（尤指因经常锻炼）: World-class athletes are extremely fit. 具有国际水平的运动员体格非常好. * He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他一直在生病, 尚不能工作. * He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康. * fighting fit, ie in very good physical condition and ready for energetic action 健壮而精力充沛. => Usage at healthy用法见healthy.  4 (fml 文) suitable and right, usu according to accepted social standards 恰当的; 正当的; 得体的: As George introduced Peter and Sarah it is only fit (and proper) that he should be best man at their wedding. 因是乔治介绍彼得与萨拉相识的, 由他来作他们婚礼的男傧相是最合适的.  5 (idm 习语) (as) ,fit as a ,fiddle in very good physical condition 非常健康: I felt as fit as a fiddle after my walking holiday. 我经过假期徒步旅行, 身体极好. see/think `fit (to do sth) consider it correct, convenient or acceptable (to do sth); decide or choose 认为（做某事）为正当的、适宜的或得体的; 决定; 愿意: The newspaper did not see fit to publish my letter. 该报认为不宜发表我的信. * Do as you think fit. 你认为怎么做好就怎么做吧.

/fɪt; fɪt/ v (-tt-, pt, pp fitted; US also fit)  1 (a) [I, Tn] be the right shape and size for (sb) 形状及大小对（某人）合适; 合身: These shoes don't fit (me). 这双鞋（我）穿着不合适. * Her coat fits (her) exactly. 她的大衣很合身. * I can never get clothes to fit me. 我总也买不到合身的衣服. * a close-fitting dress 紧身连衣裙 * The key doesn't fit the lock. 这把钥匙打不开这把锁. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sb for sth try (clothing) on sb in order to adjust it to the right size and shape 试穿（衣服）: He went to the tailor's to be fitted for a coat. 他去裁缝店试穿大衣.  2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] be of the right size to go somewhere 大小适合装入某处: The cooker won't fit in/into your new kitchen. 你的新厨房装不下这套炉具. * The mask fitted tightly over his face. 他用面具把脸蒙得严严的. * a tightly-fitting mask 严实的面具 * The lift was so small that only three people could fit in. 电梯很小, 只容得下三个人. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth into sth/in find or have sufficient space or room for sth in a place 找到或尚有足够的地方容纳某物: We can't fit any more chairs into the room. 房间里没有地方多放椅子了. * This card just fits nicely into that envelope. 这张卡片正好能装进那个信封里.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on/to B); ~ B with A supply sth and fix or put it into place 安装或装置某物: fit handles on the cupboards/fit the cupboards with handles 给柜橱安装把手 * The room was fitted with a new carpet. 房间里铺上了新地毯.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (onto/to B); ~ A and B together join one thing to another to make a whole 将一物装到另一物上: fit the tail assembly to the fuselage 把装配好的机尾安装到机身上 * fit the pieces of a model kit together 把模型的各个部件组装在一起.  5 [I, Tn] be in agreement with (sth); match or suit 与（某事物）相符; 相称; 相协调: Something doesn't quite fit here. 这里有些不太协调. * All the facts certainly fit your theory. 所有的事实都和你的说法相符. * The punishment ought to fitthe crime. 罚需当罪.  6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself/sth for sth make sb/oneself/sth suitable for a particular role or task 使某人[自己]胜任某职位或任务; 使某物适合某用途: Am I really fitted for the role of director? 我真能胜任董事一职吗? * His experience fitted him for the job/to do the job. 他有经验, 能胜任这项工作.  7 (idm 习语) fill/fit the bill => bill1. fit (sb) like a `glove (a) fit the wearer perfectly in size or shape 某人穿着非常合身: My dress fits (me) like a glove. 我的连衣裙非常合身. (b) be very suitable and accurate 合适而准确; 恰如其分: `Cautious' is a description that certainly fits the new president like a glove. 用｀谨小慎微＇来形容新会长很恰当. if the cap fits => cap.  8 (phr v) fit sb/sth in; fit sb/sth in/into sth succeed in finding time to see sb or to do sth 找到见某人或做某事物的时间: I'll try and fit you in after lunch. 我尽可能在午饭以後见你. * I had to fit ten appointments into one morning. 我要在一个上午里安排十个约会. fit in (with sb/sth) be a smoothly fitting part (of sth); be in harmony (with sb/sth) 与（某事物）相适应; 与（某人[某事物]）相协调: He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in (with the other employees). 他以前从未做过这种工作, 我不知道他是否能（与其他雇员）配合好. * Do these plans fit in with your arrangements? 这些计画与你的安排一致吗? fit sb/sth out/up (with sth) supply sb/sth with the necessary equipment, clothes, food, etc; equip 供给某人[某事物]必要的设备、衣物、食品等; 装备: fit out a ship before a long voyage 为远航的轮船准备必需品 * I'm getting the children fitted out with clothes for their new school. 我在为孩子们准备到新学校去的衣服.

/fɪt; fɪt/ n [sing] (usu with a preceding adj 通常前面有形容词) way in which sth, esp a garment, fits 某物适合的样子; （尤指）合身: The coat was a good, bad, tight, loose, etc fit. 那件大衣很合身、不合身、很瘦、很宽松等.

/fɪt; fɪt/ n  1 sudden attack of epilepsy or other disease with violent movements and loss of consciousness （癫痫的）发作; 痉挛; 昏厥: an epileptic `fit 癫痫发作.  2 sudden (usu short) attack of a minor illness （轻微疾病的）发作（通常为片刻的）: a fit of coughing 一阵咳嗽 * a `fainting fit 一阵眩晕.  3 sudden burst of (usu uncontrollable) laughter, activity, etc （大笑、活动等的）突然爆发（通常指控制不住的）: a fit of laughter/(the) giggles 一阵大笑[格格的笑] * We were all in fits (of laughter) (ie laughing uncontrollably) at his jokes. 他的笑话逗得我们前仰後合. * a fit of energy, letter writing, spring-cleaning, etc 一股干劲、猛写一阵信、一阵大扫除.  4 short period of an intense feeling （强烈感情的）突发, 冲动: a fit of anger, rage, frustration, etc 一股怒气、一阵怒火、一阵心烦.  5 (idm 习语) by/in ,fits and `starts in irregular bursts of activity over a period of time 一阵一阵地: Because of other commitments I can only write my book in fits and starts. 因为我有其他的事要做, 所以这本书只能时写时辍. have/throw a `fit (a) suffer a fit(1) 癫痫病发作; 痉挛; 昏厥. (b) (infml 口) be greatly shocked, alarmed, outraged, etc 震惊; 惊恐; 愤怒: Your mother would have a fit if she knew you were here. 你母亲要是知道你在这里准会非常生气./-fl; -fəl/ adj occurring in short periods, not regularly and steadily 一阵阵的; 不规则的; 不稳定的: fitful bursts of energy 一阵阵的干劲 * a fitful night's sleep 夜间时断时续的睡眠. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./ˈfɪtmənt; `fɪtmənt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) piece of furniture or equipment, esp one forming part of a unit or series 家具或设备（尤指一套中的一件）: kitchen fitments, eg cupboards 厨房设备（如柜橱）.n [U]  1 condition of being physically fit 健康: In many sports (physical) fitness is not as important as technique. 在许多体育运动中, 体能没有技巧重要.  2 ~ for sth/to do sth suitability for sth 适合某事物: Her fitness for the job cannot be questioned. 她能胜任这项工作, 这是无庸置疑的.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 (of a carpet) cut so that it covers a floor completely and is fixed into place （指地毯）铺满地面而固定的.  2 (a) (of furniture) built to be fixed into a particular space （指家具）（按放置位置）定做的: fitted cupboards 定做的柜橱. (b) (of a room) having fitted furniture （指房间）有定做的家具的: a fitted kitchen 有固定设备的厨房.  3 (of a sheet) having sewn corners so that it fits tightly over a mattress （指床单）四角缝紧兜住床垫的.n  1 person whose job is to put together, adjust and repair machinery and equipment 装配工: a gas fitter 煤气装配工.  2 person whose job is to cut out, fit and alter clothes （负责剪裁、试样和修改服装的）裁缝./ˈfɪtɪŋ; `fɪtɪŋ/ adj suitable for the occasion; right or proper 得体的; 恰当的; 适合的: It was fitting that he should be here to receive the prize in person. 他应该亲自来领奖才对.

/ˈfɪtɪŋ; `fɪtɪŋ/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) small standard part or component 小型标准零件或配件: electrical fittings 电气配件 * stainless-steel light fittings 不锈钢灯具.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) items, such as a cooker and shelves, that are fixed in a building but can be removed when the owner moves house （搬家时可移走的）装置（如炉具、橱架等）. Cf 参看 fixture 1, movables (movable).  3 process or occasion of having a garment fitted 试穿; 试衣: a fitting for a wedding dress 试 穿结婚礼服 * costume fittings 服装试穿./faɪv; faɪv/ pron, det 5; one more than four  5, 五（个）: Look at page five. 见第五页. * Everyone took the exam, but only five passed. 所有的人都参加了考试, 但只有五人及格. * Five (of the students) passed. 五个（学生）及格. * There were five children at the party. 聚会中有五个孩子. * This shirt cost five pounds, ie 5. 这件衬衣五英镑. * He's five (years old) today. 今天他五岁了. =>App 4 见附录4.

n the number 5 *5; 五: a birthday card with a big five on it 印有一个大大的｀五＇字的生日卡 * a row of fives on the blackboard 黑板上的一行｀五＇字 * Five and five make ten. 五加五等于十.dark appearance on a man's chin and face caused by the slight growth of hair that has occurred since he shaved in the morning （早晨刮脸後）傍晚（又长出少许胡须）的容貌.(Brit) (coin worth) five new pence 五便士; 面值为五便士的硬币.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having five of the thing specified 五个: a five-day week, ie working five days out of seven, usu Monday to Friday * a five-year contract * a five-sided figure.adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit) costing or worth five new pence 五便士的./ˈfaɪvə(r); `faɪvɚ/ n  1 (Brit infml 口) five pound note; 5 面值为五英镑的钞票; 5英镑: Can I borrow a fiver? 能借给我五英镑吗?  2 (US infml 口) five dollar note; $5 面值为五美元的钞票; 5美元./faɪvz; faɪvz/ n [sing v] (Brit) game in which a ball is hit with gloved hands or a bat against the walls of a court 墙手球（一种球戏, 带着手套用手或用球拍向球场的墙上击球）./fɪks; fɪks/ v  1 [Tn.pr] fasten (sth) firmly to sth 将（某物）固定到另一物上; 安装: fix a shelf to the wall 把架子装在墙上 * fix a post in the ground 把杆子固定在地上 * (fig 比喻) fix the blame on sb 把过错推诿给某人 * fix sb's name in one's mind, ie make great efforts to remember it 牢记某人的名字.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sb/sth direct (esp one's eyes) on sb/sth with steady attention 全神贯注于、（尤指）凝视某人[某物]: Her eyes were fixed on the gun. 她紧盯着那枝枪. * fix one's thoughts/attention on what one is doing 全神贯注地工作.  3 [Tn] decide (sth) definitely; set or determine 决定（某事物）; 确定: The time for our meeting has been fixed already. 我们开会的时间已经确定了. * We will fix the rent at 100 a week. 我们要把租金定为每周100英镑.  4 [Tn] repair or mend (sth) 修理（某物）: My watch has stopped  it needs fixing. 我的表停了--需要修理了.  5 [Tn] put (sth) in order; adjust 整理（某事物）; 调整: Let me fix my hair (ie brush and comb it) and I'll be ready. 我梳梳头, 马上就好.  6 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) arrange sth 安排某事物: I'll fix (up) a meeting. 我来安排会议. * I could fix it up with Geoffrey. 我可以和杰弗里商量一下, 把这事安排好.  7 [Tn] find out (the exact nature, position, time, etc of sth) 确定（某事物的真正性质、位置、时间等）.  8 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb)(esp US) provide or prepare (esp food) 供给或准备（尤指食物）: He's just fixing a snack. 他在准备一点小吃. * Can I fix you a drink? 我给你弄点饮料好吗? * Let me fix supper for you. 我去给你准备晚饭.  9 [Tn] treat (photographic film, dyed fabric, etc) with a chemical so that the colours do not change or fade （用化学药品）使（摄影底片、染过的织物等的颜色）固定不变, 定影.  10 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) influence the result or actions of (sth), by unfair or illegal means 作弊: I knew the race was fixed. 我知道这次比赛有鬼. * The jury/judge had been fixed. 有人操纵了陪审团[法官].  11 [Tn] (infml 口) punish or kill (esp sb who has harmed one); get even with 惩罚或杀死（尤指伤害过自己的人）; 报复: I'll fix him so that he never bothers you again. 我来收拾他, 叫他再也不能打扰你.  12 [I, Tn] (sl 俚) inject oneself with (a narcotic drug) 给自己注射（毒品）.  13 (phr v) fix on sb/sth decide to have sb/sth; choose 决定要某人[某事物]; 选定; 确定: They've fixed on Ashby as the new chairman. 他们决定让阿什比做新的主席. * Have you fixed on a date for the wedding?你们举行婚礼的日期确定了吗? fix sth up repair, redecorate, or adapt sth 修理、重新装饰或改装某物: He fixed up the cottage before they moved in. 他把农舍修整好, 他们才搬进去. fix sb up (with sth) (infml 口) arrange for sb to have sth; provide sb with sth 为某人安排某事物; 向某人提供某事物: I'll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处. * She's got herself fixed up with a cosy flat. 她弄到了一套舒适的公寓. fix sb with sth (fml 文) direct one's gaze, attention, etc at sb 凝视某人; 注视某人: He fixed her with an angry stare. 他怒目注视着她.

/fɪks; fɪks/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) awkward or difficult situation 尴尬的境地; 窘况; 困境: be in/get oneself into a fix 处于[使自己陷入]尴尬的境地.  2 [C] (a) action of finding the position of a ship, an aircraft, etc by taking measurements with a compass, etc （用罗盘对船只、飞行器等的）方位测定. (b) position found by these means 测出的方位.  3 [sing] (infml 口) thing arranged dishonestly 不光明正大的安排; 搞鬼; 勾当: Her promotion was a fix, I'm sure. 我敢肯定她的提升有鬼.  4 [C] (sl 俚) injection of a narcotic drug, eg heroin 注射麻醉品（如海洛因）: get oneself a fix 给自己注射毒品./fɪkˈseɪtɪd; `fɪkˌsetɪd/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (on sb/sth) having an abnormal emotional attachment (to sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）固恋, 异常依恋: He is fixated on things that remind him of his childhood. 他异常依恋那些使他回忆起童年生活的东西./fɪkˈseɪʃn; fɪks`eʃən/ n ~ (on sb/sth) unhealthy emotional attachment (to sb/sth); obsession （对某人[某事物]）情感上不健康的依恋, 固恋: a mother fixation 对母亲的固恋 * fixations about marriage 对婚姻的固恋./ˈfɪksətɪv; `fɪksətɪv/ n [C, U]  1 substance used for fixing (fix1 9) photographic film, dye, etc, or for preventing perfume from evaporating too quickly 定影剂; 固色剂; 防（香料）挥发剂.  2 substance used for sticking things together or keeping things in position, esp false teeth or hair 固定剂（尤指粘假牙或假发的）: Dentures require a strong fixative. 粘假牙需用强力固定剂./fɪkst; fɪkst/ adj  1 already arranged and decided; not changing; set 已决定的; 确定不变的; 固定的: fixed prices 固定的价格 * a fixed rate of interest 固定的利率.  2 (of ideas, wishes, etc) held firmly and sometimes obsessively （指想法、愿望等）坚定的, 执着的, 固执的: He had the fixed idea that a woman's place was in the home. 他有个成见, 认为女人的天地是在家里.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of an expression on sb's face) not changing; intent （指表情）不变的, 专注的: a fixed smile, glare, stare, etc 呆板的微笑、眼睛一动不动的怒视、目不转睛的注视.  4 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth (infml 口) provided or supplied with sth 供给或供应某物: How are you fixed for money, food, time, etc? 你的钱、食物、时间等是怎么来的?  5 (idm 习语) (of) ,no fixed a`bode/ad`dress (law 律) (having) no permanent place to live in 无固定住所[住址]（的）: Lovejoy, of no fixed abode, was charged with murder. 洛夫乔伊, 居无定所, 被控谋杀. fixedly/ 5fIksIdlI; `fIksIdlI/ adv without altering one's gaze; intently 目不转睛地; 专注地: stare fixedly at sb 目不转睛地注视某人. fixed `assets permanent business assets, eg buildings and equipment 固定资产（如建筑物和设备）. Cf 参看 current assets (current1). fixed `costs business costs that do not vary with the amount of work produced 固定成本（不随产量变化而变动的企业成本）. ,fixed `star star so far from the earth that it seems to have no movement 恒星./ˈfɪksə(r); `fɪksɚ/ n  1 (infml 口) person who makes (usu illegal) arrangements 代为做（通常为非法的）安排的人.  2 (chemical) substance that fixes (fix1 9) photographs or dyes 定影剂; 定色剂./ˈfɪksɪtɪ; `fɪksətɪ/ n [U] ~ of sth quality of being fixed; firmness 固定性; 稳定性: She displayed great fixity of purpose. 她目标始终如一./ˈfɪkstʃə(r); `fɪkstʃɚ/ n  1 (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, such as a bath, water tank or toilet, that is fixed in a building and is not removed when the owner moves house （建筑物内的）固定装置（如澡盆、水箱、马桶等）: plumbing fixtures 管道装置 * The price of the house included many existing fixtures and fittings that were not to our taste. 房价包括不合我们心意的许多固定装置和附 加设备. Cf 参看 fitting2 2, movables (movable).  2 (day fixed or decided for a) sporting event 体育运动项目（已确定的比赛日期）.  3 (infml 口) person or thing that is firmly established and appears unlikely to leave a place or position 地位稳固而不大可能离开某处或某职位的人; 固定于某处不大可能移动之物: Professor Gravity now seems to have become an unwanted fixture in the college. 格雷维蒂教授现在好像成了学院里的累赘./fɪz; fɪz/ v [I]  1 (of a liquid) produce bubbles of gas; effervesce （指液体）冒泡, 起泡.  2 make a hissing or spluttering sound 发出嘶嘶声或　啪声: The match fizzed. 火柴发出嘶嘶声.

n [U]  1 quality of having a lot of bubbles of gas in a liquid; effervescence 液体冒泡的性能; 起泡: This lemonade has lost its fizz. 这汽水跑气了.  2 fizzing sound 嘶嘶声或　啪声: the fizz of a firework 烟火的嘶嘶声; (infml 口) drink, eg champagne, that has a lot of bubbles of gas 起泡的饮料（如香槟）.n [U]./ˈfɪzl; `fɪzl/ v  1 [I] make a weak fizzing sound 发出微弱的嘶嘶声.  2 (phr v) fizzle out end or fail in a weak or disappointing way 虎头蛇尾般结束或失败: After a promising start, the project soon fizzled out. 这项计画开始时很有希望, 但不久就失败了./ˈfɪzɪ; `fɪzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (of a drink) having a lotof bubbles of gas that make a hissing sound; effervescent or carbonated （指饮料）有大量气泡因而嘶嘶作响的, 含二氧化碳的: fizzy lemonade 汽水. = fiord.abbr 缩写 = floor: Accounts Office 3rd fl 四楼会计室.abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or fl ozs 复数或不变或作fl ozs) fluid ounce: 5 fl oz  5液量盎司.

abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or fl ozs 复数或不变或作 fl ozs) fluid ounce: 5 fl oz  5 液量盎司./flæb; flæb/ n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) soft loose fatty flesh on a person's body 人体上松弛的肌肉: middle-age flab, ie on people aged about 40-60 years 中年人的松弛的肌肉./ˈflæbəgɑːst; <i>US</i> -gæst; `flæbɚˌˇæst/ v[Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (infml 口) overwhelm(sb) with shocked amazement: surprise very greatly 使（某人）目瞪口呆, 大吃一惊: He was flabbergasted when he heard that his friend had been accused of murder. 他听说朋友被控谋杀罪, 大吃一惊.adv. n [U]./ˈflbɪ; `flæbɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬)  1 (a) soft and loose; not strong or firm 松软的; 松弛的: flabby muscles, thighs, flesh, etc 松弛的肌肉、松软的大腿、松软的肉. (b) having soft loose fatty flesh 肥胖而肌肉松弛的: He's getting fat and flabby because he doesn't have enough exercise. 他因为缺少锻炼而日见肥胖肌肉松弛. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1.  2 feeble and weak; ineffective 软弱无力的; 无效的: flabby excuses 软弱无力的托辞 * a flabby argument, plot, speech, etc 无力的论据、松散的情节、欠说服力的讲话. /ˈflæksɪd; `flæksɪd/ adj (fml 文) soft and weak; loose and limp; not firm 软弱的; 松弛的; 不结实的. /flkˈsɪdətɪ; flæk`sɪdətɪ/ n [U]./flæg; flæˇ/ n  1 (usu oblong or square) piece of cloth with a particular design, that can be attached by one edge to a rope, pole, etc and used as a symbol of a country, party, etc or as a signal 旗: The national flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack. 英国的国旗称作Union Jack. * The ship was sailing under the Dutch flag, ie the Dutch flag was flying from its mast. 那条船航行时悬挂着荷兰国旗. * All the flags were flying at half-mast, ie in honour of a famous dead person. 所有的旗帜都降半旗致哀. * The guard waved his flag and the train left the station. 列车长摇动手中的旗子, 火车随之开出车站. * The white flag is a symbol of a truce or surrender. 白旗表示停战或投降. =>illus 见插图.  2 small piece of paper or cloth attached to a stick or pin, esp one given to sb who contributes to a charity appeal 小纸旗或小布旗（尤指送给为慈善事业捐款者的）: children selling flags for a cancer research appeal 为癌症研究募捐而售旗的孩子们.  3 sign displayed to show that a taxi is for hire （计程车表示可载客的）旗形牌.  4 (idm 习语) a ,flag of con`venience flag of a foreign country under which a ship registers to avoid the taxes and certain regulations of the owner's home country 方便旗（船只为逃避本国捐税或避免履行某些规章而在他国注册所挂的该国国旗）. fly/show/wave the flagmake known one's support of or loyalty to one's country, party, movement, etc, esp in order to encourage others to do the same 表示对自己的国家、党派、运动等的拥护或忠诚. keep the `flag flying continue to support one's country or a set of principles 坚持拥护自己的国家或一套原则: Our exporters proudly kept the flag flying at the international trade exhibition. 在国际贸易展览会上, 我国的出口商为国争光.

v (-gg-)  1 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] place a flag or flags on (sth); decorate with flags 悬旗于（某物）; 用旗装饰: The streets were flagged to celebrate the royal wedding. 街上挂起了旗子, 庆祝皇室婚礼.  2 [Tn] mark (sth) for particular attention with a special mark or label （用特殊记号或标签）标出（某物, 以引起特别注意）: All the surnames in the list have been specially flagged so that the computer can print them out easily. 名单上的姓氏都特别标出, 以便计算机容易打印出.  3 (phr v) flag sth down signal to (a moving vehicle) to stop, usu by waving one's arm 向（行驶的车辆）发出停车信号（通常指挥动手臂）: flag down a taxi 挥手拦截计程车.

/flæg; flæˇ/ v (-gg-) [I]  1 become tired, less active, or less interesting; weaken 变得疲倦、不活跃或乏味; 衰弱: My strength, interest, enthusiasm, etc is flagging. 我的力气、兴趣、热情等正在减退.  2 (esp of plants) become limp or feeble; hang down or droop （尤指植物）萎蔫, 枯萎: Roses will flag in the summer heat. 夏天炎热玫瑰就要枯萎.

/flæg; flæˇ/ n = flagstone.

/flæg; flæˇ/ n type of plant with blade-like leaves, usu growing in wet land 菖蒲; 香蒲. Cf 参看 iris 2.n  1 (US tag day) day on which money is collected in public places for a charity, a small paper flag or sticker being given to those who contribute 售旗募捐日（该日于公共场所募捐, 捐款者获小纸旗或标贴）.  2 Flag Day (US) 14 June, anniversary of the day in 1777 when the Stars and Stripes became the national flag 美国国旗制定纪念日（6月14日, 为纪念1777年该日决定以星条旗为美国国旗）.n long pole on which a flag is flown 旗杆.n [U] (esp excessive) expression of patriotic or group feeling(s) （尤指过激的）爱国情绪或宗派情绪: [attrib 作定语] I didn't think much of that speech  it was just a flag-waving exercise, ie one that did not deal with real issues. 我认为他的话无足轻重--只不过是偏激的派性空话./ˈflædʒələnt; `flædʒələnt/ (fml 文) n person who whips himself or another person, either as a religious penance or to obtain or give sexual pleasure （为宗教苦行或为获得或给予性快感）鞭笞自己或他人者./ˈflædʒəleɪt; `flædʒəˌlet/ v [Tn] (fml 文) whip (sb or oneself), as a religious penance or for sexual gratification （作为宗教苦行或为满足性欲）鞭笞（某人或自己）. /ˌflædʒəˈleɪʃn; ˌflædʒə`leʃən/ n. /flægd; flæˇd/ adj paved with flagstones 用石板铺成的: a flagged terrace 用石板铺成的台地./ˈflægən; `flæˇən/ n  1 large rounded bottle in which wine, cider, etc is sold, usu holding about twice as much as an ordinary bottle 大肚酒瓶（通常容量为普通酒瓶的两倍）.  2 container with a handle, lip and lid for serving wine at a table （有把手、壶嘴、壶盖的）酒壶.  3 amount of liquid contained in a flagon 一个大肚酒瓶或酒壶的量: drink a flagon of wine 喝一大壶酒./ˈfleɪgrənt; `fleˇrənt/ adj (usu of an aciton) particularly bad, shocking and obvious （通常指行为）极坏的, 骇人听闻的, 公然的: a flagrant breach of justice 公然违反公正原则 * flagrant violations of human rights 对人权的粗暴践踏. adv.n  1 ship which has the commander of a fleet on board 旗舰.  2 (fig 比喻) most important of a group of products, projects, services, etc （一批产品、工程、服务设施等中）最重要者: This dictionary is the flagship of Oxford's range of learners' dictionaries. 本词典执牛津一系列学习者词典之牛耳.n flag-pole 旗杆./ˈflægstəʊn; `flæˇˌston/ (also flag) n flat piece of stone (usu square or oblong) for a floor, path or pavement 石板（通常为正方形或长方形, 用以铺室内地面、小径或边道）./fleɪl; flel/ n tool consisting of a stick swinging from a long handle, used esp formerly to separate grain from chaff 连枷（有长柄的农具, 尤于旧时作打谷用）.

v  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) wave or swing about wildly （使某物）乱摇或乱摆: The dying lamb fell, its legs flailing (about) helplessly. 小羊快要死了, 倒在地上四条腿又踢又蹬. * flail one's arms/hands above one's head 将双臂[双手]举过头顶摇动.  2 [Tn] beat (sth) (as if) with a flail （似）用连枷打（某物）./fleə(r); flɛr/ n  1 [sing, U] ~ for sth natural ability to do sth well 天资; 天分: He doesn't show much flair for the piano. 他对弹钢琴没有什么天资. * She has a real flair for languages, ie is quick at learning them. 她真有学习语言的天分.  2 [U] original and attractive quality; stylishness 天生的吸引人的特质; 风度./flæk; flæk/ n [U]  1 guns shooting at enemy aircraft; fire from those guns 高射炮; 高射炮火: run into heavy flak 陷入密集的高射炮火中.  2 (infml 口) severe criticism 严厉的批评: The plans for the new tax have come in for a lot of flak, ie have been very strongly criticized. 新的税务计画遭到了猛烈抨击.heavy protective jacket reinforced with metal （衬有金属片的）防护衣; 避弹衣./fleɪk; flek/ n small thin layer or piece, esp one that has broken off a surface or object; small loose bit 小薄片（尤指从物体上剥落下来的）; 小碎片: Scrape off all the loose flakes of paint before redecorating. 先把翘起来的漆皮刮掉再重新装修. * snowflakes 雪花 * soap-flakes 肥皂片.

v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (off/away) come or fall off in flakes 成片状剥落: The paint on the walls is beginning to flake (off). 墙上的漆开始剥落了.  2 [I, Tn] separate (usu food) into flakes （使）（通常为食物）成片: flaked fish 切成片的鱼.  3 (phr v) flake out (infml 口) collapse or fall asleep from exhaustion （因精疲力竭）瘫倒或入睡: When I got home from the airport, I flaked out in the nearest armchair. 我从机场回到家, 便一下瘫倒在离我最近的沙发上了.n [U].adj (-ier, -iest) made up of flakes; tending to break into flakes 由薄片组成的; 易分裂成薄片的: flaky pastry 酥饼. /ˈflɒmbeɪ; <i>US</i> flɑːmˈbeɪ; flɒm`be/ adj (French 法) (following ns 置于名词之後) (of food) covered with brandy or other spirit, set alight and served （指食物）浇上白兰地等酒类, 点燃後供食用的: pancakes flambe 带火焰的薄饼./- ˈbɔɪəns; -bɔɪəns/ n [U]. /flæmˈbɔɪənt; flæm`bɔɪənt/ adj  1 (of a person or his character, manner, etc) showy, very confident and extravagant （指人或性格、举止等）爱炫耀的, 非常自信的, 奢华的: rich flamboyant film stars 阔绰而爱炫耀的电影明星 * flamboyant gestures 炫耀的姿态.  2 brightly coloured or decorated 艳丽的; 装饰华丽的: flamboyant clothes 华丽的服装. adv./fleɪm; flem/ n  1 [C, U] hot glowing portion of burning gas that comes from something on fire 火焰: The curtains were enveloped in a sheet of flame. 窗帘被火焰吞没. * the tiny flame of a cigarette-lighter 打火机小小的火焰 * The house was in flames, ie was on fire, burning. 房子失火了. * An oil heater was knocked over and burst instantly into flames, ie suddenly began to burn strongly. 油加热器碰倒了, 顿时燃起了一片大火. * The whole hotel went up in flames (ie was destroyed by fire) in minutes. 整个旅馆几分钟就烧毁了. =>illus at candle 见candle插图.  2 [C] bright light or brilliant colour, usu red or orange 明亮的光线或灿烂的颜色（通常指红色或橙色）: The flowering shrubs were a scarlet flame. 花丛一片嫣红.  3 [C] (rhet 修辞) intense feeling, esp love 强烈的感情（尤指爱情）: the flame of passion 激情的烈焰 * A flicker of interest soon turned into the burning flames of desire. 一丝情趣的星星之火未几演成了乾柴烈火.  4 [C] (infml 口) person with whom one was once in love; sweetheart or lover (used esp in the expression shown) 旧情人, 情人, 爱人（尤用于以下示例）: an old flame 老相好.  5 (idm 习语) add fuel to the flames => add. fan the flames => fan2. pour oil on the flames => pour.

/fleɪm; flem/ v  1 [La, I] burn with a brighter flame 燃烧; 发出火焰: The burning coals started to flame yellow and orange. 燃烧着的煤开始发出了黄色与橙色的火焰.  2 [La, I, Ipr] glow or shine like (the colour of) flames; blaze 似火焰（的颜色）般地闪耀; 放光: wooded hillsides that flame red in autumn 长满树木的山坡, 在秋季红如火焰 * a flaming sunset 火红的晚霞 * flaming red hair 如火的红发 * His face flamed (with anger/embarrassment). 他（气得[窘得]）面红耳赤.n weapon that projects a stream of burning fuel 火焰喷射器; 喷火器./fləˈmeŋkəʊ; flə`mɛŋko/ n [C, U] (pl ~s) (music for a) strongly rhythmical dance performed originally by Spanish gypsies 弗拉明柯舞（曲）（源于西班牙吉普赛人的节奏强烈的舞蹈）.adj [attrib 作定语]  1 passionate or violent 激情的; 激烈的; 暴躁的: a flaming row/argument/temper 激烈的争吵[激烈的争论/暴躁的脾气].  2 (infml 口) (used to emphasize a judgement or comment) absolute; utter （用以加强判断或评论的语气）非常的, 十足的: You flaming idiot! 你这个大笨蛋!/fləˈmɪŋgəʊ; flə`mɪŋˇo/ n (pl ~s) long-legged wading-bird with a long neck and pink feathers 红鹳./ˈflæməbl; `flæməbl/ adj easily set on fire; that can burn easily 易燃烧的: Pyjamas made from flammable material have been removed from most shops. 大部分商店都不再出售用易燃材料做的睡衣了. Cf参看 inflammable, non-flammable. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable./flæn; flæn/ n open pastry or sponge pie case containing a fruit, jam or savoury filling 果馅饼: an apple flan 苹果馅饼. Cf 参看 pie, tart2./flændʒ; flændʒ/ n raised outside edge, eg of a railway wheel, to hold it in place 凸缘; 法兰./flæŋk; flæŋk/ n  1 fleshy part of the side of an animal or person between the ribs and the hip 肋; 腰腹. =>illus at horse 见horse插图.  2 side of sth, eg a building or mountain 侧面（如建筑物或山的）.  3 left or right side of an army or a body of troops （部队的）侧翼: Our orders are to attack their left flank. 我们的命令是攻击他们的左翼. * [attrib 作定语] a flank attack 侧翼攻击.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] place (sb/sth) on each side of or at the side of sb/sth 置（某人[某物]）于某人[某物]的两侧或一侧: The prisoner was flanked by the two detectives, ie There was a detective on each side of him. 那个囚犯夹在两名侦探的中间. * The garden is flanked to the north with large maple trees. 花园的北侧是一些高大的枫树.=> face-cloth

/ˈflænl; `flænl/ n  1 [U] type of soft loosely woven woollen cloth 法兰绒: [attrib 作定语] flannel trousers 法兰绒裤子.  2 flannels [pl] men's trousers made of flannel 法兰绒男裤: a pair of cricket flannels 一条男用法兰绒板球裤.  3 = face-flannel (face1).  4 [U] (infml 口) wordy language that avoids talking about sth directly and is often intended to flatter 兜圈子的（常为奉承的）言语: He gave me a lot of flannel but I still don't know the answer to my question. 他说了很多恭维话, 我仍然不知道怎样解决我的问题.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [I] (infml 口) speak or write flannel(4) 说或写兜圈子的言语: Stop flannelling and give a straight answer! 别再兜圈子了, 直截了当地回答!/ˌflænəˈlet; ˌflænl`ɛt/ n [U] type of soft cotton material 棉法兰绒; 绒布: [attrib 作定语] flannelette night-gowns, sheets, pyjamas, etc 绒布睡袍、床单、睡衣等./flæp; flæp/ n  1 ~(of sth) flat piece of material that covers an opening or hangs down （用以覆盖开口的或垂下的）扁平物: the flap of an envelope 信封的封盖 * the flap of a tent, pocket, etc 帐篷的帘、衣袋的盖 * the flap of a table, ie an extra hinged section that hangs down when not in use 桌子的活边（以铰链与桌面相连, 不用时可以垂下）.  2 part of the wing on an aircraft that can be lifted in flight to change the aircraft's upward direction （飞行器的）襟翼. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.  3 action or sound of flapping; light blow, usu with something flat 拍打; 拍打声; 轻击（通常指用扁平物击打）.  4 (idm 习语) be in/get into a flap (infml 口) be in/get into a state of agitation, confusion, nervous excitement, etc 处于忐忑不安、慌乱、紧张、激动等的状态: I got into a real flap when I lost my keys. 我丢了钥匙, 心里发慌.

/flæp; flæp/ v (-pp-)  1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move, swing, wave, etc up and down or from side to side, usu making a noise （使某物）上下或左右移动、摆动、摇动等（通常发出声响）: The sails were flapping gently in the wind. 船帆随风摆动. * The bird flapped its wings and flew away. 那鸟振翅飞去.  2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] (attempt to) give a light blow at (sth) with a flat object （用扁平物体）轻拍（某物）: flap at a fly with a cloth/flap a cloth at a fly 用布来拍打苍蝇.  3 [I] (infml 口) become confused, excited or disturbed 困惑; 激动; 不安: There's no need to flap! 不必惊慌!  4 (phr v) flap across, away, by, etc (of a bird) fly in the specified direction by moving its wings （指鸟）振翅而飞: The heron flapped slowly off across the lake. 那白鹭振翅向湖对岸慢慢飞去./ˈflæpdʒk; `flæpˌdʒæk/ n  1 biscuit made from oats, butter and honey or syrup （用燕麦粉、黄油和蜂蜜或糖汁做的）饼乾.  2 (esp US) thick pancake 厚煎饼./ˈflæpə(r); `flæpɚ/ n  1 broad flat device used for killing flies, etc （打苍蝇等的）拍子; 蝇拍.  2 (dated infml 旧, 口) fashionable and unconventional young woman of the 1920s （20世纪20年代的）不拘传统的时髦少女./fleə(r); flɛr/ v  1 [I] burn brightly but briefly or unsteadily 燃烧; 闪耀: The match flared in the darkness. 火柴的光亮在黑暗中一闪. * flaring gas jets 闪耀着的煤气火焰.  2 [I] (fig 比喻) burst into sudden activity or anger （行动或愤怒）爆发: Tempers flared at the conference. 会上群情激奋.  3 (phr v) flare up (a) burn suddenly more intensely 火焰突然变旺: The fire flared up as I put more logs on it. 我加上了几块木柴, 火顿时旺起来. (b) reach a more violent state; suddenly become angry 达到更激烈的状态; 突然发怒: Violence has flared up again. 暴乱又起. * He flares up at the slightest provocation. 稍一激他, 他就大发脾气. (c) (of an illness) recur （指疾病）复发: My back trouble has flared up again. 我的後背又疼起来了.

n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) bright and unsteady or brief light or flame （耀眼而摇曳的）闪光或火焰: the sudden flare of a torch in the darkness 手电筒的光在黑暗中的一闪.  2 (device that produces a) flaring light used esp as a signal 闪光（装置）（尤指用作信号的）: The captain of the sinking ship used flares to attract the attention of the coastguard. 轮船正在下沉, 船长向海岸巡逻队发出闪光信号求救.

/fleə(r); flɛr/ v [I, Ip, Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (cause sth to) become wider at the bottom （使某物）底部变宽: This skirt flares (out) at the hem. 这条裙子的下摆张得很大. * Her nostrils flared angrily. 她气得鼻孔鼓了起来. * flared trousers 喇叭裤. Cf 参看 taper2.

n  1 gradual widening; flared shape 逐渐加宽; 喇叭状: a skirt with a slight flare 略成喇叭状的裙子.  2 flares [pl] (infml 口) flared trousers 喇叭裤.line of lights on a runway to guide aircraft landing or taking off （供飞行器用的）照明跑道.n  1 sudden burst of light or flame （光或火焰的）突然闪耀.  2 sudden outburst of strong or violent activity or feeling （激烈行动或情感的）爆发./flæʃ; flæʃ/ n  1 [C] (a) sudden bright burst of light or flame 闪光; 闪烁: a flash of lightning 一道闪电. (b) (fig 比喻) sudden show of wit, understanding, etc （机智等的）显露; 恍然大悟: a flash of inspiration, intuition, etc 灵机一动、直觉的感触.  2 [C] = news flash (news).  3 [C, U] device or system that produces a brief bright light for taking photographs indoors or in poor light 闪光灯: This camera has a built-in flash. 这架照相机有内置闪光灯. * I'll need flash for this shot; the light isn't good enough. 我拍这张照片需用闪光灯, 这里光线不好.  4 [C] coloured stripe or patch of cloth worn as an emblem on a military uniform, eg on the shoulder （佩于军服上的）徽章（如肩章）.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) brief showing of the sexual organs, esp by men; indecent exposure 瞬间展露性器官（尤指男子）; 猥亵性暴露.  6 [attrib 作定语] (infml derog 口, 贬) expensive-looking, showy and usu not in good taste 花哨的; 炫耀的: a flash sports car 花里胡哨的跑车.  7 (idm 习语) a ,flash in the `pan sudden brilliant success that lasts only a short time and is not repeated 昙花一现: His first novel was a flash in the pan, and he hasn't written anything decent since. 他的第一部小说如昙花一现, 此後他再没写出像样的东西. in a/like a `flash very quickly; at once; immediately 很快; 立刻; 立即: I'll be back in a flash. 我马上就回来. quick as a flash => quick.

/flæʃ; flæʃ/ v  1 (a) [I] give or send out a brief bright light 发出闪光: Lightning flashed during the storm. 暴风雨中闪电大作. * A lighthouse was flashing in the distance. 灯塔在远处发出闪烁的光. * (fig 比喻) His eyes flashed angrily. 他的眼睛怒火闪闪. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to shine briefly or suddenly 使（某物）短暂地或突然地发光: flash a torch in sb's eyes/at sb 用手电筒照某人的眼睛[照某人].  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) communicate with a light 用光联络: flash a signal (to sb) with one's car headlights 用汽车前灯（给某人）发信号. (b) send or reflect (sth) like a flash 如闪光般发出或反映出（某物）: Her eyes flashed anger and defiance (at everyone). 她（看着大家,）眼中闪现着愤怒与轻蔑的神情.  3 [Tn] send (sth) by radio, television, etc （通过无线电、电视等）传送（某事物）: flash a message on the screen 在屏幕上映出一信息.  4 [Tn, Tn.p] show or display (sth) briefly 短暂地显示或出示（某事物）: flash an identification card 出示一下身分证 * (derog 贬) He's flashing his money around, ie to try to gain the admiration of others. 他到处显示自己有钱.  5 [I] (infml 口) (esp of a man) show one's sexual organs briefly and indecently （尤指男子）猥亵性瞬间展露性器官.  6 (phr v) flash along, by, past, through, etc move very quickly in the specified direction 急速向某方向运动: The train flashed by at high speed. 火车疾驶而过. * (fig 比喻) An idea flashed into her mind. 她突然闪出一个念头. flash back (of one's thoughts) return to an earlier time （指某人的思想）回溯, 回顾, 回忆: My mind flashed back to our previous meeting. 我又想起了我们上次会面时的情景.card on which a word or words are printed or written, used as a visual aid to learning 教学卡片（有单词或词语的直观教具）.set of four flashbulbs arranged as a cube for taking photographs one after the other 四连闪光灯（呈立方形, 四面各一闪光灯泡, 逐一使用）.n sudden destructive flood of water 暴洪.n device that holds and operates the flashlight at the same time as the camera shutter opens 闪光操纵器, 闪光枪（与摄影机快门同步的闪光装置）.n  1 temperature at which the vapour above a liquid such as oil gives a brief flash, but does not catch fire, when a flame is brought near it 闪点; 燃点; 引火点.  2 (fig 比喻) point at which violence or anger breaks out （暴力事件或愤怒的）爆发点: Community unrest is rapidly approaching the flashpoint. 群众的不安定情绪已接近一触即发之势.n part of a film, play, etc that shows a scene earlier in time than the main story （电影的）闪回, 闪回镜头; （戏剧、小说等的）倒叙, 倒叙情节: The events that led up to the murder were shown in a series of flashbacks. 酿成谋杀案的各个环节是通过一系列倒叙手法来表现的.n bulb in a flash1(3) 闪光灯泡./ˈflæʃə(r); `flæʃɚ/ n  1 (infml 口) person who flashes (flash2 5) 猥亵性瞬间展露性器官的人.  2 (device that controls esp a) flashing light on a vehicle used to indicate which way the vehicle is turning （尤指）车辆转向闪光指示灯（的装置）.adv: flashily dressed 穿得花里胡哨.n  1 (device that produces a) brief bright light for taking photographs indoors or in poor light 摄影闪光（装置）.  2 (esp US) = torch.  3 (source of) light used for signalling, eg in a lighthouse 闪光信号灯（如灯塔中的）./ˈflæʃɪ; `flæʃɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) attractive but usu not in good taste; showy 华丽而俗气的; 炫耀的: flashy clothes, jewellery, etc 花哨的服装、首饰等 * a flashy car 花里胡哨的汽车. /flɑːsk; <i>US</i> flæsk; flæsk/ n  1 (a) bottle with a narrow neck, esp one used in scientific laboratories for mixing or storing chemicals 细颈瓶; （尤指）烧瓶. (b) similarly shaped container for storing oil, wine, etc （装油、酒等的）细颈瓶.  2 (also `hip-flask) small flat-sided bottle of metal or (often leather-covered) glass that is used for carrying alcoholic spirits in the pocket （小而扁的）金属酒瓶或（常为有皮套的）玻璃酒瓶（可装在衣袋里）.  3 = vacuum flask (vacuum).  4 amount contained in a flask 一小酒瓶的容量: drink a flask of wine, whisky, tea, etc 喝下一小瓶葡萄酒、威士忌、茶等./flæt; flæt/ n (esp Brit) (also esp US apartment) set of rooms (living-room, bedroom, kitchen, etc) for living in, usu on one floor of a building 公寓; 单元房; 一套房间: a new block of flats 一座新的公寓楼 * They're renting a furnished flat on the third floor. 他们租了四楼的一套带家具的房间. * Many large old houses have now been converted into flats. 许多旧的大房子都己改建成了单元房.

/flæt; flæt/ adj (-tter, -ttest)  1 smooth and level; even 平坦的; 平的: a flat surface for writing on 可以在上面写字的平面 * The countryside is very flat here, ie has no hills. 这一带农村地势平坦.  2 spread out on a single plane; extending at full length 平的; 平展的; 平伸的: People used to think that the world was flat; now we know it is round. 从前人们以为地球是平的, 现在知道是圆的.  3 with a broad level surface and little depth 浅的（从上到下距离短的）: a flat cap 扁帽子 * flat dishes, plates, etc 浅碟子、盘子等 * The cake was flat, ie did not rise while cooking. 这蛋糕没发起来.  4 (of a tyre) not containing enough air, eg because of a puncture; deflated （指车胎）气不足的（如有穿孔）, 撒气的.  5 dull; uninteresting; monotonous 枯燥的; 平淡无味的; 单调的: speak in a flat voice 用平淡的语调说 * He felt a bit flat after his friends had gone. 朋友们走了以後他觉得有些无聊.  6 not having much trade or business 生意清淡的; 萧条的; 不景气的: The market has been flat today. 今天市场上生意一直很清淡.  7 having a single price for a variety of goods or services （各种商品或服务）价格一律的或统一的: a flat fare of 70p 一律为70便士的票价 * a flat rate 统一收费率 * flat-rate (ie standard and fixed) contributions 定额捐款.  8 (of a carbonated or gaseous liquid) having lost its gas or effervescence （指充有二氧化碳气或含气的液体）走了气的, 跑了气的: The lager tastes/has gone flat. 这啤酒喝起来没有气[走气]了.  9 (of a battery) unable to supply any more electric current; run down （指电池）电用完了的.  10 (music 音) (half a tone) lower than true or correct pitch 降（半）音的: B flat is a semitone below the note B. 降B音比B音低半音. * Your piano is flat; it needs tuning. 你的钢琴的音低了, 该调一调了. Cf 参看 sharp 12.  11 (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] (of pictures, photographs or colours) without contrast or shading; with no sense of depth or contrast （指图画、照片等）无景深, 无反差; （指颜色）无变化, 单调: The colours used are flat and unvaried. 使用的颜色既单调又无层次. * His paintings are deliberately flat, it's part of his style. 他作画刻意用单一色调, 这是他的一种风格. (b) (of paint) not glossy; matt （指油漆）无光泽的, 不发亮的.  12 absolute; unqualified 绝对的; 断然的; 直截了当的: [attrib 作定语] give sb a flat denial/refusal 对某人所指断然否认[断然拒绝某人].  13 (of feet) not having normal raised arches （指脚）扁平的, 扁平足的.  14 (idm 习语) and ,that's `flat that's my final decision 这是我的最後决定: I'm not going out with you and that's flat! 我不跟你出去, 说定了! be in/go into a flat spin; (as) flat as a pancake completely flat 十分平坦或平淡: The whole landscape looked as flat as a pancake. 整个地形十分平坦. * The surprise party turned out as flat as a pancake, ie was very disappointing. 这次本想让大家感到惊奇的聚会到头来却十分扫兴.

/flæt; flæt/ adv  1 lower than the true or correct pitch 低于正常的或准确的音: She sings flat all the time. 她总是唱低了音.  2 stretched out on one level; lying at full length 平坦地; 平伸地; 平躺地: She lay flat on her back in the warm sunshine. 她在温暖的阳光下平躺着. * He knocked his opponent flat. 他把对手打倒在地上. * The earthquake laid the city flat, ie demolished it, making all the buildings fall. 地震把这座城市夷为平地.  3 outright; positively; completely 直截了当; 断然; 完全: My boss told me flat that I could not leave early. 我的老板明确地告诉我不能早走. * She went flat against my orders, ie disobeyed or ignored them completely. 她全然无视我的命令. * I'm flat broke, ie have absolutely no money. 我一贫如洗.  4 (idm 习语) fall flat (of a joke, story, performance, etc) fail completely to produce the effect intended or expected （指笑话、故事、表演等）未达到预期的效果: All my funny stories fell completely flat. 我讲的有趣的故事都没有人觉得可笑. fall flat on one's face (infml 口) suffer a humiliating and undignified setback, esp after attempting sth that is too ambitious 遭到丢脸的挫折（尤指不自量力者）. flat/stony broke => broke2. flat `out (a) as fast as possible; using all one's strength or resources 尽快地; 全力以赴地; 竭尽全力地: running, working, training, etc flat out 全速奔跑、竭尽全力地工作、全力以赴地训练. (b) exhausted 精疲力竭的; 疲惫的: After running in the marathon, she was flat out for a week. 她参加马拉松比赛後一星期都疲惫不堪. in 10 seconds, 5 minutes, etc `flat in the period of time specified, but always implying an unexpectedly short period of time 才10秒钟、5分钟等: I can change a tyre in 2 minutes flat. 我只用两分钟就能换上一个轮胎. * She was out of bed, dressed and at the breakfast table in 50 seconds flat. 她起床、穿衣、坐到饭桌旁, 一共才用了50秒钟.

/flæt; flæt/ n  1 [sing] the ~ (of sth) flat level part of sth （某物的）平面部分: the flat of the hand 手掌 * the flat of a sword, a blade, an oar 剑面、刀面、桨面 * on the flat, ie level, not uphill or downhill 在平面上（非上坡或下坡）.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] level ground; stretch of low flat land, esp near water 平地; 低洼地（尤指近水的）: `mud flats 泥塘 * `salt flats 盐田.  3 the flat [sing] season of flat racing for horses 平地赛马季节.  4 [C] (music 音) flat2(10) note or sign flat symbol indicating this 降半音符号. =>illus at music 见music插图. Cf 参看 natural 6, sharpn.  5 [C] (esp US infml 口) flat2(4) tyre 撒了气的车胎.  6 movable upright section of stage scenery mounted on a frame 平面布景; 布景屏.horse-racing over level courses without jumps （无障碍物的）平地赛马. Cf 参看 steeplechase 1.1 fast, often uncontrollable, descent of an aircraft spinning nearly horizontally 平旋下坠（飞行器近平面旋转急速下降, 常因失控所致）.  2 (idm 习语) be in/go into a flat `spin (infml 口) be/become very confused or agitated 惊慌失措.adj (of a boat) having a flat bottom and used in shallow water （指船）平底的.n type of fish with a flat body, eg plaice or sole 比目鱼（体形扁平的鱼, 如鲽或鳎）.adj  1 having feet without normal raised arches 有扁平足的.  2 (infml 口) clumsy or awkward 笨手笨脚的: His speed and skill makes other players look flat-footed. 他速度快、技术好, 使其他运动员相形见绌.n heavy iron heated with coals or by the fire and used for pressing linen, etc 熨斗; 烙铁.n (US) railway carriage without a roof or raised sides, used for carrying freight （铁路上的）平车, 敞车, 平板货车./-lɪt; -lɪt/ n very small flat 小公寓.adv  1 in a flat2(5) manner 淡淡地; 无精打彩地: `Maybe,' he said flatly, `I'll see.' ｀也许吧,＇他淡淡地说, ｀我考虑一下.＇  2 in an outright, direct manner; positively; absolutely 直截了当地; 断然地; 绝对地: The allegations were all flatly denied. 这些指责遭到断然否认. * Our request was flatly rejected. 我们的请求遭到断然拒绝.n [U]./ˈflætn; `flætn/ v  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) become or make (sth) flat 变平; 使（某物）变平: The land flattens out near the coast. 海岸附近地势变得很平坦. * The graph flattens out gradually after a steep fall. 图表上的曲线突降之後逐渐趋于平稳. * a field of wheat flattened by storms 因暴风雨而倒伏的一片小麦 * flatten (out) a piece of metal by hammering it 把一块金属砸平 * flatten oneself against a wall to let people get by 紧贴墙站直, 以便他人通过.  2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) defeat (sb) completely; depress or humiliate 彻底打败（某人）; 使沮丧; 使丢脸: He was totally flattened by her sarcasm. 她说的挖苦话使他无地自容./ˈflætə(r); `flætɚ/ v  1 [Tn] praise (sb) too much or insincerely, esp in order to gain favour for oneself 恭维, 奉承, 讨好（某人）: If you flatter your mother a bit she might invite us all to dinner. 你要是奉承你母亲几句, 说不定她会把我们全请去吃饭.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] give a feeling of pleasure or honour to (sb) 使（某人）感到高兴或荣幸: I was very flattered by your invitation to talk at the conference. 承蒙你邀我在会上讲话, 深感荣幸.  3 [Tn] represent (sb) in a way that makes him seem better-looking than he really is 使（某人）显得（较其实际相貌）好看: (ironic 反语) This photograph certainly doesn't flatter you, ie It makes you look rather ugly. 这张相片实在不如你本人好看.  4 [nopassive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Dn.f] ~ oneself (that...)believe, usu mistakenly, that one has achieved sth or has certain abilities or good qualities 认为（通常指误以为）自己成就了某事物或有某种能力或优秀品质: Do you really think he likes you? You flatter yourself! 你真以为他喜欢你? 你那是自作多情! * He flatters himself that he speaks French well. 他自以为法语说得很好./ˈflætərə(r); `flætərɚ/ n person who flatters 谄媚者; 奉承者: Don't believe him  he's a real flatterer. 别相信他--他纯粹是奉承./ˈflætərɪŋ; `flætərɪŋ/ adj that flatters (flatter 3) a person 使一个人美过其实的: That's a very flattering dress Ann's wearing. 安穿着那条连衣裙显得更漂亮了./ˈflætərɪ; `flætərɪ/ n [U] insincere praise 奉承; 恭维话: With a little flattery I might persuade him to do the job. 我说几句好听的, 也许能说服他去做这工作. * (saying 谚) Flattery will get you nowhere, ie I will not be influenced by your flattering remarks. 你恭维奉承也无济于事./ˈflætjʊləns; `flætʃələns/ n [U]  1 (a) gas in the stomach or digestive tract 胃或肠中的气. (b) feeling of discomfort caused by this 肠胃气胀引起的不适: suffer from flatulence 患肠胃气胀病.  2 pretentiousness or pomposity 做作; 浮夸./ˈflætjʊlənt; `flætʃələnt/ adj  1 causing or suffering from gas in the stomach or digestive tract 使肠胃气胀的; 患肠胃气胀的.  2 (of a person's speech, behaviour, etc) pretentious or pompous （指言语、行为等）做作的, 浮夸的./flɔːnt; flɔnt/ v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) show (sth considered valuable) in order to gain the admiration of other people 炫耀; 夸耀; 夸示: flaunt one's new clothes, car, etc 炫耀自己的新衣服、汽车等 * He's always flaunting his wealth. 他总是摆阔./ˈflɔːtɪst; `flɔtɪst/ (US flutist/ flu:tIst; `flutIst/) n person who plays the flute, esp as a profession 吹笛者; （尤指）职业笛手./ˈfleɪvə(r); `flevɚ/ n  1 [U] taste and smell, esp of food 味道与气味（尤指食物的）: Adding salt to food improves the flavour. 食物中加盐可以提味.  2 [C] distinctive or characteristic taste 特别的味道: wines with a delicate flavour 有清香味道的葡萄酒 * six different flavours of ice-cream 六种不同味道的冰激凌.  3 [C, U] special quality, characteristic or atmosphere特性; 特色; 气氛: The film retains much of the book's exotic flavour. 这部电影保存了原著的许多异国情调.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)give flavour to sth by adding herbs, spices, etc （加入香料、调味品等）给（某物）调味: flavour a stew (with onions) （加洋葱）给炖肉提味 * meat strongly flavoured with pepper 胡椒味很重的肉. /ˈfleɪvərɪŋ; `flevərɪŋ/ n [C, U] thing added to food to give it flavour 调味品; 调味香料: This orange drink contains no artificial flavourings. 这种橙汁饮品不含人工调味料. * The soup needs more flavouring.这汤应该再加点调料. adj having no flavour 无味的; 无滋味的./flɔː; flɔ/ n  1 crack or fault (in an object or in material); imperfection （物体或材料的）裂纹或缺陷, 瑕疵: This vase would be perfect but for a few small flaws in its base. 这花瓶底部没有那几个小斑点就十全十美了.  2 mistake that lessens the effectiveness or validity of sth 错误; 缺点: an argument full of flaws 错误百出的论点 * a flaw in a contract 合同中的一个漏洞.  3 weak part in sb's character （某人性格上的）缺陷: Pride was the greatest flaw in his personality. 傲慢是他品格上的最大缺陷.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] cause (sth) to have a flaw 使（某事物）有缺陷: His reasoning can't be flawed. 他的推理无懈可击. * a flawed masterpiece, ie a work of art that is very great despite its minor faults 有瑕疵的杰作.adj perfect 无瑕的; 完美的: a flawless complexion 无雀斑的面容 * a flawless performance 完美的表演. adv./flæks; flæks/ n [U]  1 plant grown for its fibre and seeds 亚麻.  2 fibre from the stem of this plant, used to make linen 亚麻纤维./ˈflæksn; `flæksn/ adj (of hair) pale yellow （指毛发）淡黄色的: a flaxen-haired child 长着淡黄色头发的孩子./fleɪ; fle/ v [Tn]  1 (a) remove the skin from (a dead animal) 剥（死动物）的皮. (b) whip violently and cruelly （用鞭子）毒打: He was so angry he nearly flayed his horse alive, ie He beat it so much that some of its skin came off and it almost died. 他气得几乎把马活活抽死.  2 (fig 比喻) criticize (sb/sth) severely 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）./fliː; fli/ n  1 small jumping insect without wings that feeds on the blood of animals and humans 跳蚤; 虼蚤: I must have been bitten by a flea, my arms are itchy. 我一定是让跳蚤咬了, 胳膊很痒. * The cat's got fleas. 这猫长虼蚤了.  2 (idm 习语) with a `flea in one's ear rebuked, reprimanded or humiliated after an attempt at sth （做某事以後）受到责难、批评或羞辱: He burst into our meeting and got sent away with a flea in his ear. 我们正在开会他闯了进来, 大家把他轰走了.(infml 口) open-air market that sells old and used goods at low prices 跳蚤市场（廉价出售旧物 的露天市场）.n (sl 俚)  1 (Brit) dirty or unpleasant person or animal 肮脏或令人讨厌的人或动物: I hate the old lady next door  she's a real flea-bag. 我讨厌隔壁的老太太--她纯粹是个邋遢鬼.  2 (esp US) cheap dirty hotel 廉价的肮脏旅馆.n  1 bite of a flea 蚤咬.  2 small but annoying inconvenience 小麻烦.n (infml derog 口, 贬) old and dirty cinema, theatre, etc 破旧肮脏的电影院、剧场等./ˈflek; flɛk/ n ~ (of sth)  1 very small patch or spot of a colour 斑点: flecks of brown and white on a bird's breast 小鸟胸部棕色和白色的斑点.  2 small particle or grain of sth 微粒: flecks of dust, soot, dandruff 灰尘的微粒、煤炱、头皮屑.

v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth with sth mark with flecks 使有斑点: The sea was flecked with foam. 大海上涌起点点泡沫.pt, pp of flee./fledʒd; flɛdʒd/ adj (of birds) having fully developed wing feathers for flying; able to fly （指鸟）羽翼丰满的, 会飞的./ˈfledʒlɪŋ; `flɛdʒlɪŋ/ n  1 young bird that is just able to fly （刚会飞的）幼鸟.  2 inexperienced person 无经验的人./fliː; fli/ v (pt, pp fled / fled; flZd/)  1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) run or hurry away; escape (esp from danger, threat, etc) 逃跑; 逃避; 避开; （尤指遇到危险、威胁等）逃离: The customers fled (from the bank) when the alarm sounded. 警铃响起, 顾客纷纷（从银行）逃走. (b) [Tn] run away from (sb/sth) 逃避, 逃离（某人[某事物]）: During the civil war thousands of people fled the country. 在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家.  2 [I] (fml 文) pass away quickly; vanish 迅速消散; 消失: All hope had fled. 一切希望都破灭了./fliːs; flis/ n  1 [C] (a) woolly hair of a sheep or similar animal 绵羊之类动物的毛: These sheep have fine thick fleeces. 这些绵羊的毛又细又厚. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. (b) amount of wool cut from a single sheep at one time 从一只羊身上一次剪得的全部羊毛.  2 [U] type of fabric with a texture like fleece 像羊毛的纤维: My warmest coat is lined with fleece. 我那件最暖的大衣衬有绒毛里子.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (infml 口) take (a lot of money) from sb, esp by overcharging or tricking him 诈取某人（巨款）; （尤指）敲竹杠: Some local shops are really fleecing the holiday-makers (of their money). 本地的一些商店简直是敲诈来度假的人（的钱）.  2 [Tn] cut or shear the fleece from (a sheep) 剪羊毛.adj (-ier, -iest) (appearing) woolly and fluffy （像）羊毛的: fleecy clouds 羊毛状的云彩./fliːt; flit/ n  1 (a) [C] group of warships, submarines, etc under one commander 舰队. (b) group of ships fishing together 捕鱼船队. (c) [CGp] (usu 通常作 the fleet) all the warships, submarines, etc of a country; navy 一国的全部战舰、潜水艇等; 海军.  2 [C] group of aircraft, buses, taxis, etc owned and operated by one organization or travelling together （同一机构的或同时运行的）机群、公共汽车队、计程车队等: the company's new fleet of vans 公司的新客货车队.

/fliːt; flit/ adj (dated 旧) fast; light and quick in running 快速的; 脚步轻而跑得快的: fleet of foot 脚步快的 * fleet-footed 脚步快的. officer in the US navy of the highest rank （美国）海军五星上将. =>App 9 见附录9./ˈfliːt striːt; `flitˌstrit/  1 street in central London where several major newspapers have their offices 弗利特街（伦敦中心的街道, 为几家大报馆所在地, 旧译舰队街）.  2 the press in general; London journalism 新闻界; 伦敦报界: Fleet Street loves a good scandal. 新闻界热衷于轰动性的丑闻./ˈfliːtɪŋ; `flitɪŋ/ adj passing quickly; lasting only a short time 飞逝的; 短暂的: For a fleeting moment I thought the car was going to crash. 刹那间我想到汽车要碰撞. * We paid her a fleeting visit before leaving the country. 我们出国前匆匆探望了她一次. adv.n [U]./fleʃ; flɛʃ/ n  1 [U] (a) soft substance between the skin and bones of animal bodies, consisting of muscle and fat 肉: The trap had cut deeply into the rabbit's flesh. 捕兽夹子紧紧夹住兔子的皮肉. (b) this as food （食用的）肉: Tigers are flesh-eating animals. 虎是肉食动物.  2 [U] soft pulpy part of fruits and vegetables, the part that is usu eaten 果肉; 蔬菜的可食部分.  3 the flesh [sing] the (human) body contrasted with the mind or the soul （人的）肉体（与精神或灵魂相对）: (saying 谚) The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak, ie Although sb may want to do sth, he is too lazy, tired, weak, etc actually to do it. 心有余而力不足.  4 the flesh [sing] bodily or physical desire 肉欲; 情欲: the pleasures/sins of the flesh 满足肉欲的快感[放纵情欲的罪].  5 (idm 习语) ,flesh and `blood the human body or human nature with its emotions, weaknesses, etc 血肉之躯; 人性: It was more than flesh and blood could bear. 这是血肉之躯无法忍受的. go the way of all flesh => way1. in the `flesh in physical bodily form; in person 活生生的; 亲自; 本人: His appearance in the flesh ended the rumours about his death. 他亲自露面使传说他死亡的谣言不攻自灭. * I've got all her records but I've never seen her in the flesh. 我有她的所有唱片, 却从未见过她本人. make one's/sb's `flesh crawl/creep make one/sb feel nervous, frightened or filled with loathing 使自己[某人]感觉紧张、害怕或厌恶: The mere sight of snakes makes my flesh creep. 我一看见蛇就心惊肉跳. neither fish, flesh nor good red herring => fish1. one's ,own ,flesh and `blood close relatives in one's family 亲人; 近亲; 关系密切的亲属: I'll have to go to my aunt's funeral  she was my own flesh and blood after all. 我得参加我姑姑的葬礼--她是我的亲人哪. one's pound of flesh => pound1. a thorn in sb's flesh/side => thorn. the world, the flesh and the devil => world.

v (phr v) flesh sth out add more details or information to sth 充实（某事物）; 增加细节或详情: Your summary will need fleshing out before you present it. 你的总结需要增加一些具体材料再交出.n [pl] (a) (places supplying) good food, wine, etc; luxurious living 美食、美酒等或供应此类食物的处所; 豪华的生活. (b) places, such as brothels, where sexual desires are satisfied 满足性欲的处所（如妓院）.n wound that breaks the skin but does not reach the bones or internal organs of the body 皮肉之伤; 轻伤.adj (fml 文) of the body; sensual or sexual 肉体的; 肉欲的: fleshly lusts 肉欲.adj  1 of or like flesh; rather plump （似）肉的; 多肉的; 肥胖的: fleshy arms 胖胳膊 * a fleshy body 肥胖的身体.  2 soft and pulpy 肉质的: fleshy peaches 肉质多的桃./ˌflɜː də ˈliː; ˌflɝ də`li/ n (pl fleurs-de-lis / flE: dE 5li:; 9fl[ dE `li/) design representing a lily flower as used in heraldry, formerly the royal coat of arms of France 百合花形纹章; （旧时）法国王室纹章.pt of fly./fleks; flɛks/ n (esp Brit) (US cord) [C, U] (length of) flexible insulated wire used for carrying an electric current to an appliance 花线; 皮线.

/fleks; flɛks/ v  1 [Tn] bend or move (a limb, joint or muscle), esp in order to exercise one's body before an activity 弯曲或活动（四肢、关节或肌肉）（尤指准备活动）: flex one's knee, toes, muscles, etc 曲膝、活动脚趾、活动肌肉.  2 (idm 习语) flex one's `muscles show one's strength and power, esp as a warning or to display pride in oneself 显示力量（尤指表示警告或自豪）./ˌfleksəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌflɛksə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]. /ˈfleksəbl; `flɛksəbl/ adj  1 that can bend easily without breaking 易弯曲的; 柔韧的; 有弹性的: flexible plastic tubing 弹性塑料管.  2 (a) easily changed to suit new conditions 易适应新情况的; 可变通的; 灵活的: Our plans are quite flexible. 我们的计画十分灵活. (b) (of people) willing and able to change according to different circumstances; adaptable （指人）能随机应变的, 随遇而安的. /ˈfleksəblɪ; `flɛksəblɪ/ adv./ˈfleksɪtaɪm; `flɛksəˌtaɪm/ n [U] system in which employees can start and finish work at different times each day, provided that each of them works a certain number of hours in a week or month 弹性工作时间制./ˌflɪbətɪˌdʒɪbɪt; `flɪbɚtɪˌdʒɪbɪt/ n irresponsible, silly and gossipy person 信口雌黄、愚蠢而饶舌的人./flɪk; flɪk/ n  1 [C] quick light blow, eg with a whip or the tip of a finger 快速轻击（尤指用鞭或指尖）.  2 [C] quick sharp movement; jerk 快而突然的动作: He turned the pancake over with a strong flick of his wrist. 他一抖腕子就把饼翻过来了.  3 (a) [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) cinema film 电影. (b) the flicks [pl] (dated infml 旧, 口) the cinema 电影院: What's on at the flicks? 电影院放映什么电影?

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B (at A) strike (sb/sth) with a flick; give a flick with (sth) （用某物）轻打（某人[某物]）: He flicked the horse with his whip/flicked his whip at the horse. 他用鞭子轻轻抽马.  2 [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (off, on, etc) moves sth with a flick （用快而轻的动作）移动某物: flick the light switch (on), ie turn on the light 轻按电灯开关（开灯） * He flicked the knife open. 他轻触一下把刀刃弹出.  3 [Ipr, Ip] move quickly and lightly 快而轻地移动: The cow's tail flicked from side to side. 牛尾巴轻轻地左右摇摆.  4 (phr v) flick sth away; flick sth from/off sth remove sth with a flick 轻轻地拂去某物; 弹掉; 抖掉: The waiter flicked the crumbs off the table. 服务员轻轻抖掉桌上的面包屑. flick through (sth) turn over the pages (of a book, etc) quickly, looking briefly at the contents 快速翻阅（书等）; 浏览: Sam flicked through a magazine while he waited. 萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志.

/flɪk; flɪk/ n  1 [C] quick light blow, eg with a whip or the tip of a finger 快速轻击（尤指用鞭或指尖）.  2 [C] quick sharp movement; jerk 快而突然的动作: He turned the pancake over with a strong flick of his wrist. 他一抖腕子就把饼翻过来了.  3 (a) [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) cinema film 电影. (b) the flicks [pl] (dated infml 旧, 口) the cinema 电影院: What's on at the flicks? 电影院放映什么电影?

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B (at A) strike (sb/sth) with a flick; give a flick with (sth) （用某物）轻打（某人[某物]）: He flicked the horse with his whip/flicked his whip at the horse. 他用鞭子轻轻抽马.  2 [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (off, on, etc) moves sth with a flick （用快而轻的动作）移动某物: flick the light switch (on), ie turn on the light 轻按电灯开关（开灯） * He flicked the knife open. 他轻触一下把刀刃弹出.  3 [Ipr, Ip] move quickly and lightly 快而轻地移动: The cow's tail flicked from side to side. 牛尾巴轻轻地左右摇摆.  4 (phr v) flick sth away; flick sth from/off sth remove sth with a flick 轻轻地拂去某物; 弹掉; 抖掉: The waiter flicked the crumbs off the table. 服务员轻轻抖掉桌上的面包屑. flick through (sth) turn over the pages (of a book, etc) quickly, looking briefly at the contents 快速翻阅（书等）; 浏览: Sam flicked through a magazine while he waited. 萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志.n (pl flick-knives) (US switch-blade) knife with a blade inside the handle that springs out quickly when a button is pressed 弹簧刀./ˈflɪkə(r); `flɪkɚ/ v  1 (a) [I] (of a light or flame) burn or shine unsteadily （指灯光或火焰）闪烁, 摇曳: All the lights flickered for a moment. 所有的灯都闪了一会儿. (b) [Ipr] (fig 比喻) (of an emotion) be felt or seen briefly （指情感）稍纵即逝: A slender hope still flickered within him. 他心中仍闪出一线希望. * A faint smile flickered across her face. 她脸上闪过一丝微笑.  2 [I, Ipr] move back and forth lightly and quickly 轻而快地来回移动; 闪动: flickering eyelids 眨着的眼睛 * The leaves flickered gently in the breeze. 树叶在微风中摇曳.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) flickering movement or light 闪动; 闪烁; 摇曳: the flicker of pictures on the cinema screen 银幕上闪动的画面. (b) (fig 比喻) faint and brief experience, esp of an emotion 微弱短暂的体验（尤指情感）: a flicker of hope, despair, interest, etc 一线希望、一丝绝望情绪、微弱的兴趣./flaɪə(r); `flaɪɚ/ n  1 pilot of an aircraft; airman 飞行器驾驶员; 飞行员.  2 person, animal, vehicle, etc that moves very quickly 动作敏捷的人或动物; 速度很快的车辆.  3 small advertising leaflet that is widely distributed 小张广告传单.  4 = high-flyer (high)./flaɪz; flaɪz/ n the flies [pl] space above the stage of a theatre, used for lights and storing scenery 舞台上方安装灯具及存放布景之处./flaɪt; flaɪt/ n  1 [U] (a) action or process of flying through the air; ability to fly 飞行; 飞翔; 飞行的能力: the age of supersonic flight 超音速飞行的时代 * The bird had been shot down in flight, ie while flying. 这只鸟是在飞行中打下来的. (b) movement or path of a thing through the air （物体在空中的）飞行或路线: the flight of an arrow, a dart, a missile, etc 箭、标枪、导弹等的飞行.  2 [C] (a) journey made by air, esp in an aircraft on a particular route 空中的航行; （尤指飞机等的）航班: a smooth, comfortable, bumpy, etc flight 平稳的、舒服的、颠簸的空中航行 * All flights have been cancelled because of fog. 因为有雾所有航班都已取消. (b) aircraft making such a journey 班机: We travelled aboard the same flight. 我们搭乘同一班机. * Flight number BA 4793 will arrive in London at 16.50. 英国航空公司4793号班机于16时50分抵达伦敦.  3 [U, C] passage or journey through space 航天飞行; 宇宙飞行: the history of manned space flight 载人航天史.  4 [C] group of aeroplanes working as a unit 飞行队: an aircraft of the Queen's flight 女王专用机队的一架飞机.  5 [C] ~ (of sth) number of birds, insects, etc flying together or of arrows released together （鸟、昆虫等的）群飞; （箭的）齐发: a flight of geese 一队飞雁 * a flight of arrows 齐发的箭.  6 [C] series of stairs between two floors or landings 一段楼梯或阶梯: There was no lift and we had to climb six flights of stairs. 没有电梯, 我们得爬六段楼梯.  7 [U] swift passage, esp of time 飞逝（尤指时间）.  8 [C] ~ of sth instance of sth very imaginative but usu not practical （想像力的）奔放: wild flights of imagination 想像联翩.  9 (idm 习语) a flight of `fancy unrealistic idea, etc that exists only in sb's mind 悬想; 异想天开: Her latest flight of fancy is to go camping in the Sahara desert! 她最近心血来潮想到撒哈拉沙漠去野营! in the first/top flight taking a leading place; excellent of his/its kind 占先; 名列前茅; 同行[同类]中的优秀者: She's in the top flight of journalists. 她是出类拔萃的新闻工作者.

v [Tn] (in cricket) give (the ball) a certain path through the air when bowling so as to deceive the batsman （板球中）使（球）沿某路线飞行（以迷惑击球员）: a well-flighted delivery 漂亮的投球.

/flaɪt; flaɪt/ n  1 [C, U] act or instance of fleeing or running away 逃; 逃避; 逃跑: Many soldiers fell wounded in their flight from the defeat. 许多士兵在溃逃中受伤. * (fig 比喻) the flight of capital, ie the sending of money out of a country during a financial crisis 资金外流（在财政危机时将资金转到国外）.  2 (idm 习语) put sb to `flight force sb to flee 迫使某人逃走: The enemy was put to flight by the advancing army. 部队向前进, 赶跑了敌人. take (to) `flight flee; run away 逃走; 逃跑: The gang took (to) flight when they heard the police car. 那伙歹徒听到警车声便逃跑了.officer in the Royal Air Force between the ranks of flying officer and squadron leader 皇家空军上尉. =>App 9 见附录9.direction or course of an aircraft through the air （飞行器的）飞行方向或路线: The flight paths of the aeroplanes crossed, with fatal results. 飞机的航线互相交错铸成人命惨祸.non-commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force next above sergeant 皇家空军上士. =>App 9 见附录9.device on the ground for training pilots by reproducing accurately all the conditions of flying 飞行模拟装置.n  1 (on a ship that carries aircraft) deck for the take-off and landing of aircraft （运载飞机的船舰上的）飞行甲板.  2 control room of a large aircraft, from which the pilot and crew fly the plane （大型飞行器的）驾驶舱.n (also black box) electronic device in an aeroplane that records details of the flight 飞行记录仪; 黑盒.adj (of birds) not able to fly （指鸟）不会飞的./ˈflaɪtɪ; `flaɪtɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a woman or her behaviour) changeable and unreliable; not serious （尤指女子或其行为）反覆无常的, 轻浮的./-ɪlɪ; -ɪlɪ/ adv.n./ˈflɪmzɪ; `flɪmzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) (of cloth or material) light and thin （指布或材料）轻而薄的: a flimsy dress 薄的连衣裙. (b) not strong or solid enough for the purpose for which it is used 不结实的; 易损坏的: a flimsy cardboard box 不结实的纸箱.  2 (fig 比喻) weak or feeble; unconvincing 软弱无力的; 不足信的: a flimsy excuse 站不住脚的藉口 * The evidence against him is rather flimsy. 对他不利的证据不足凭信.

n [C, U] (sheet of) very thin paper on which a copy of the typing is produced when it is put under carbon paper 打字纸./flɪntʃ; flɪntʃ/ v  1 [I] move or draw back suddenly, from shock, fear or pain （因吃惊、害怕或疼痛）畏缩或退缩: He listened to the jeers of the crowd without flinching. 他毫不畏惧地听着群众的嘲笑.  2 [Ipr] ~ from sth/from doing sth avoid thinking about or doing sth unpleasant 不想或不做某种不愉快的事: We shall never flinch from (the task of) telling the people the whole truth. 我们要把全部真相告诉人民, 决不推卸这种责任./flɪŋ; flɪŋ/ v (pt, pp flung / flQN; flQN/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth) violently, angrily or hurriedly （猛力地、愤怒地或匆忙地）扔, 抛, 掷（某物）: fling a stone (at a window) （朝窗户）扔石头 * He flung the paper away in disgust. 他厌恶地把报纸扔了.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] put or push (sb/sth) somewhere quickly or roughly and forcefully （急速地或粗暴而猛烈地）将（某人[某物]）放到或推向某处: She flung the papers on the desk and left angrily. 她把文件往桌子上一摔便气冲冲地走了. * He flung her to the ground. 他把她推倒在地上. * He was flung into prison, ie put into prison roughly and perhaps without trial. 他被投入监狱. * He flung open the door. 他猛然推开了门.  3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (oneself or part of one's body) suddenly or forcefully 突然或猛然移动（身体或身体的一部分）: She flung herself in front of a car. 她猛然冲到汽车前面. * He flung his arm out just in time to stop her falling. 他急忙伸出手臂把她扶住, 她才没有跌倒.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (at sb) say or express sth (to sb) in a violent way 激昂地（对某人）说或表达某事物: You must be certain of your facts before you start flinging accusations (around) (at people). 必须对实情胸有成竹才能理直气壮地（到处）指责（别人）.  5 (phr v) fling oneself at sb = throw oneself at sb (throw). fling oneself into sth start or do sth with a lot of energy and enthusiasm （尽力而积极地）开始或做某事: She flung herself into her new job. 她全力投入新的工作. fling off, out, etc move angrily or violently in the specified direction 愤怒地或激烈地沿某方向冲去: He flung out of the room. 他愤怒地冲出房间. fling sth on get dressed hurriedly and carelessly 匆忙地穿上衣服: She flung on her coat and ran to the bus-stop. 她匆匆穿上大衣就向公共汽车站跑去.

n  1 act or movement of flinging; throw 扔; 抛; 掷.  2 (infml 口) short period of enjoyment in some(often irresponsible) activity (used esp in the expressionsshown) 一时的（常为放纵的）行乐（尤用于以下示例）: a last/final fling 最後的行乐 * have a/one's fling 恣意行乐 * I had a few flings (ie casual love affairs) in my younger days. 我年轻时有些风流韵事.  3 type of energetic (esp Scottish) dance 充满活力的（尤指苏格兰的）舞蹈: the Highland fling 高地弗林格./flɪnt; flɪnt/ n  1 [U] very hard grey stone that can produce sparks when struck against steel 燧石; 火石: This layer of rock contains a lot of flint. 这一岩层中有大量燧石. * [attrib 作定语] flint axes 燧石斧 * (fig 比喻) He has a heart like flint, ie He is unfeeling and stubborn. 他铁石心肠.  2 [C] piece of this or of hard alloy used to produce sparks, eg in a cigarette lighter 打火石.n old-fashioned gun, in which the gunpowder is lit by a spark struck from a flint 火石簧扳枪.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 made of flint; very hard, like flint 燧石的; 燧石般坚硬的.  2 cruel; unyielding 冷酷的; 坚定不移的: a flinty heart 铁石心肠./flɪp; flɪp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] toss (sth) with a sharp movement of the thumb and forefinger so that it turns over in the air （用拇指和食指）捻（某物）（使之在空中翻转）: flip a coin (in the air) 捻硬币（抛向空中）.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (over) turn sth over quickly 快速地翻转某物: flip the pages over 很快地翻着书页.  3 [Tn, Tn.p] move (sth) with a quick sharp movement; flick (2) 快速猛然移动（某物）: He flipped the light on. 他猛然开了灯.  4 [I] (sl 俚) become very angry, excited or enthusiastic 变得非常气愤、激动或热情: My mother really flipped when I told her I was getting married. 我把要结婚的消息告诉了母亲, 母亲非常激动.  5 (idm 习语) ,flip one's `lid (infml 口) lose one's self-control; go crazy 失去自制力; 发疯.  6 (phr v) flip through sth = flick through sth (flick).

n quick light blow or movement, esp one that tosses sth 快而轻的打击或动作（尤指将某物抛出）: give a coin a flip 把一枚硬币抛向空中.

adj (infml 口) glib; flippant 草率的; 轻率的: a flip comment 轻率的评论.

interj (expressing annoyance or great surprise 表示厌烦或惊讶).reverse side of a gramophone record, esp the side that does not have the main song or piece of music on it 唱片的反面（尤指没有主要歌曲或乐曲的一面）.(US thong) n type of open sandal with a strap that goes between the big toe and the next toe 夹趾拖鞋; 人字拖鞋: a pair of flip-flops 一双夹趾拖鞋. =>illus at sandal 见 sandal 插图./-ənsɪ; -ənsɪ/ n [U] (quality of) being flippant 轻浮; 轻率: His flippancy makes it difficult to have a decent conversation with him. 他玩世不恭, 很难正经地和他交谈./ˈflɪpənt; `flɪpənt/ adj not showing sufficient respect or seriousness 轻浮的; 轻率的: a flippant answer, remark, attitude, etc 漫不经心的回答、言语、态度等.adv./ˈflɪpə(r); `flɪpɚ/ n  1 broad flat limb of certain sea animals (not fish) used for swimming （非鱼类海生动物的）鳍状肢: Seals, turtles and penguins have flippers. 海豹、海龟、企鹅均有鳍状肢.  2 either of a pair of flat rubber attachments worn on the feet and used to help in underwater diving and swimming （用于潜水和游泳的）橡胶蹼, 鸭脚板.adj, adv (Brit) (used as a mild alternative to a swear-word 用作语气较轻的咒骂语): I hate this flipping hotel! 我讨厌这该死的旅馆! * What flipping awful weather! 多讨厌的天气!/flɜːt; flɝt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb)  1 behave (towards sb) in a romantic or suggestive way but without serious intentions 调情: It's embarrassing when they flirt like that in public, ie with each other. 他们在大庭广众之中那样调情, 真让人难堪. * He enjoys flirting (with the girls in the office). 他爱（与办公室的女职员）调情.  2 ~ with sth (a) pretend to be interested in sth; think about sth but not seriously 假装对某事物感兴趣; 对某事物想想而已: I'm flirting with the idea of getting a job in China. 我胡思乱想着要到中国去工作. (b) behave so casually that one's life is put in danger 举动轻率（罔顾自己的性命）: flirt with danger/death 把危险[死亡]当儿戏.

n person who flirts with many people 与许多人调情的人: They say he's a terrible flirt. 据说他是调情色鬼./flɜːˈteɪʃn; flɝ`teʃən/ n  1 [U] flirting 调情.  2 [C] (a) ~ with sb brief and frivolous romantic involvement 短暂的风流韵事: carry on/have a flirtation with sb 与某人一时风流. (b) ~ with sth superficial interest in sth 对某事物的淡薄的兴趣: a brief flirtation with the idea of starting his own business 想自己开业的短暂的念头./flɜːˈteɪʃəs; flɝ`teʃəs/ adj (a) fond of flirting 爱调情的: an attractive flirtatious young woman 爱卖弄风情的年轻貌美的女子. (b) of or related to flirting 调情的; 与调情有关的: flirtatious behaviour 调情的举动./flɪt; flɪt/ v (-tt-)  1 [Ipr, Ip] fly or move lightly and quickly from one place to another 轻快地从一处飞到另一处; 掠过: bees flitting (about) from flower to flower 在花丛中飞来飞去的蜜蜂 * He flits from one thing to another, ie does not deal with anything seriously. 他做事总是三心二意. * (fig 比喻) A thought flitted through my mind, ie came suddenly but then quickly disappeared. 在我头脑中有一闪念.  2 [I] (Brit infml 口) move about from one house to another; move from one's home secretly ,esp in order to avoid paying debts, etc 频繁搬迁; 秘密离家（尤指为躲债等）.

n (Brit infml 口) act of flitting (flit 2) (used esp in the expression shown) （为躲债等）搬家, 离家（尤用于以下示例）: do a (moonlight) flit （在夜半）秘密搬家./fləʊt; flot/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] stay on or at the surface of a liquid and not sink; be held up in air or gas 漂浮; 飘: Wood floats (in water). 木头能漂浮（于水面）. * Try and float on your back. 试试仰浮. (b) [Ipr] move without resistance in air, water or gas; drift slowly 漂流; 飘动: A balloon floated across the sky. 有个气球从空中飘过. * The raft was floating gently down the river. 筏子顺河水缓缓漂流. * (fig 比喻) Thoughts of lazy summer afternoons floated through his mind. 夏日懒洋洋的下午种种思绪在他脑海里浮想联翩.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] bring (sth) to the surface of a liquid; cause (sth) to move on liquid or in air 使（某物）漂浮; 使（某物）漂流或飘动: There wasn't enough water to float the ship. 水不够深, 船浮不起来. * float a raft of logs down the river 使圆木筏顺河漂下 * We waited for the tide to float the boat off the sandbank. 我们等待涨潮, 让潮水把船浮起离开沙滩.  3 [Tn] suggest (a plan or project); present for acceptance or rejection 提出（计画、方案等）; 交出（以供取舍）: Let me float a couple of ideas. 让我来谈两三点意见仅供参考.  4 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around (sth)) (infml 口) (of a person) move vaguely or aimlessly from place to place; do nothing in particular （指人）游荡, 无所事事: My weekend was boring  I just floated about (the house) or watched TV. 我的周末过得很无聊--只是在屋子里 转转或者看看电视.  5 [Tn] start (a new business company) by selling shares in it to the public （以公开发行股票方式）开办（新公司）.  6 (a) [Tn] allow the foreign exchange values of (a currency) to vary freely according to the value of other international currencies 使（某货币）的对外汇率浮动: float the pound, dollar, yen, etc 使英镑、美元、日元等的对外汇率浮动. (b) [I] (of a currency) find its own value in this way （指货币）随汇率浮动.  7 (phr v) float about/around (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) (a) (of a rumour) be heard or talked about a lot （指传闻）广为流传: There's a rumour floating around of a new job in the unit. 这个部门盛传有个新工作要聘人. (b) (of an object) be in an unspecified place （指物品）在未指出的某处: Have you seen my keys floating about (anywhere)? 你在什么地方见到我的钥匙了吗?

/fləʊt; flot/ n  1 (a) light object made of cork, etc that stays on the surface of a liquid, esp one attached to a fishing-line (to indicate when the bait has been taken) or to a net (to support it in water) 漂浮物; （尤指）鱼漂, 浮子. (b) light buoyant object that non-swimmers can hold on to while learning to swim 浮板（学游泳用的）.  2 floating hollow ball or other air-filled container, used to control the flow of water, petrol, etc into a tank 浮球（用以控制水、汽油等流量的）.  3 structure that enables an aircraft to float on water 浮筒（使飞行器浮于水面的装置）.  4 (a) lorry, cart or low platform on wheels, used for showing things in a procession （游行时载展品等的）卡车、大车或装有轮子的展台; 花车: The club display was mounted on a huge float and paraded through the main street. 俱乐部的展品装在大型花车上在大街上通过. (b) vehicle with a low flat base, used for transporting the thing specified 低矮的平板车: a milk float 运牛奶的平板车.  5 sum of money used for everyday business expenses or for giving change （企业的）日常零钱.adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]  1 not fixed, determined or committed 不固定的; 未决定的; 未承诺的: a floating voter, ie a person who is not committed to always voting for the same political party 浮动选民（未必总投同一政党选票者） * floating population, ie one in which people are constantly moving from one place to another 流动人口.  2 (medical 医) out of its normal position 游离的: a floating kidney 游离肾. ,floating `capital money that is not invested or otherwise committed 流动资本. ,floating `dock large box-like structure that can be put under the water to allow a ship to enter it, and then floated to lift the ship out of water 浮船坞. `floating rib (anatomy 解) rib that is not joined to the breastbone 浮肋./flɒk; flɑk/ n [CGp]  1 ~ (of sth) group of sheep, goats or birds of the same kind, either kept together or feeding and travelling together （同一种的羊或鸟的）一群: a flock of wild geese 一群雁 * flocks (of sheep) and herds (of cattle) 羊群和牛群.  2 large crowd of people 人群; 群众: People came in flocks to see the royal procession. 人们蜂拥而至瞻望皇室人员外出时的仪仗队.  3 number of people in sb's care, esp Christian churchgoers under a priest （由某人照管的）一群人; （尤指同一牧师辖下的）全体教徒: a priest and his flock 牧师和他的教友.

v [Ipr, Ip] gather, move, come or go together in great numbers 群集; 成群结队: In the summer, tourists flock to the museums and art galleries. 夏季游人成群结队到博物馆和艺术馆参观. * Huge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake. 成群的鸟聚集在湖畔.

/flɒk; flɑk/ n  1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] tuft of wool, cotton, hair, etc （羊毛、棉花、毛发等的）一束.  2 [U] soft material for stuffing cushions, mattresses, etc （填充靠垫、床垫等的）软质材料: [attrib 作定语] a flock mattress 软床垫 * flock(ed) wallpaper, ie with a raised pattern made of short tufts of material 植绒壁纸./fləʊ; flo/ n sheet of floating ice, usu on the sea 成片的浮冰（通常浮于海上的）: Ice-floes are a threat to shipping in the area. 浮冰对这一带的航运是一种威胁./flɒg; flɑˇ/ v (-gg-)  1 [Tn] beat (sb) severely, esp with a rod or whip, as a punishment 重重责打（某人）（尤指用棍棒或鞭子）: The boy was cruelly flogged for stealing. 那男孩偷东西挨了一顿毒打.  2 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (Brit infml 口) sell sth (to sb) 卖（给某人）某物: We should be able to flog the car (to someone) for a good price. 我们应该能把这辆汽车高价卖出. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell.  3 (idm 习语) ,flog a dead `horse waste one's efforts on an activity or a belief that is already widely rejected or has long been accepted 鞭打死马（对已摒弃或认可的活动或信念徒费精力）. ,flog sth to `death (infml 口) be so persistent or repetitive about sth that people lose interest in it 坚持或重复某事物而使人失去与趣: I hope he won't tell that joke again; he's flogged it to death already. 但愿他别再讲那个笑话了, 已经老掉牙了.n [C, U] (instance of) beating or whipping 打; 鞭笞./flʌd; flʌd/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause a place that is usu dry to) be filled or overflow with water; inundate （使通常乾燥的地方）灌满水; 淹没; 泛滥: The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily. 一下大雨地窖里就灌满了水. * The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley. 河水冲破堤岸, 淹没了山谷. (b) [Tn] (of rain) fill (a river, etc) so that it overflows （指雨水）使（河流等）泛滥: streams flooded by violent storms 因暴风雨而泛滥的河流.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) cover or fill (sth) completely; spread into (sth) 铺满或充满（某物）; 扩展到（某物）: A powerful light flooded (into) the grounds. 有一道强光照进了庭院. * The place was flooded with light. 那地方十分光亮.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (with sth) fill (the carburettor of a motor engine) with too much petrol so that the engine will not start 使（汽车发动机的汽化器）溢流.  4 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] (fig 比喻) (of a thought or feeling) flow powerfully over (sb); surge over (sb) （指思想或感情）充溢, 涌现: A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰. * Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头.  5 (idm 习语) ,flood the `market (cause sth to) be offered for sale in large quantities, often at a low price （使某物）充斥（常指廉价）: Japanese cars have flooded the American market. 日本汽车已充斥美国市场.  6 (phr v) flood in; flood into sth come to or arrive at (a place) in great quantities or numbers 大量涌入（某处）: Applications flooded into the office. 申请书像潮水般涌进办公室. flood sb out force sb to leave home because of a flood 大水迫使某人离家: Half the village were flooded out by a burst water main. 由于总水管破裂, 半数村民被迫离开了家. flood sb/sth with sth arrive in great quantities for sb/at sth 给某人大量的某事物; 大量的某事物涌向某处: The office was flooded with complaints. 办事处收到如洪水般涌至的投诉信件.

/flʌd; flʌd/ n  1 (a) (coming of a) great quantity of water, esp over a place that is usu dry 大量的水; 洪水; 水灾: The heavy rain caused floods in the houses by the river. 这场大雨下得河边的房子里都进了水. * There's a flood in the next valley. 旁边的山谷被水淹了. (b) the Flood (Bible 《圣经》) the one that was sent by God to punish mankind, as described in the Old Testament book of Genesis （《旧约·创世记》中所记载上帝藉以惩罚人类的）洪水.  2 ~ (of sth) great quantity or volume 多; 大批; 大量; 大: a flood of anger, abuse, indignation, etc 大发雷霆、大骂、满腔义愤 * a flood of letters, refugees 大量涌来的信件、难民 * The child was in floods of tears, ie was crying uncontrollably. 那孩子哭成了泪人儿.  3 flowing in of the tide from the sea to the land; rising tide 涨潮: The tide is at the flood. 正在涨潮. Cf 参看 ebbn 1.  4 (idm 习语) in `flood (of a river) overflowing （指河流）泛滥: We can't cross the meadow there because the river is in flood. 我们不能从那里穿过草地, 因为河水泛滥了.n rising tide 涨潮.n  1 gate that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water （水闸的）闸门.  2 (idm 习语) open the floodgates => open2.n [U] covering of an area of land that is usu dry with a lot of water, eg when a river overflows 泛滥: Widespread flooding is affecting large areas of Devon. 洪水泛滥, 淹没了德文郡的广大地区./ˈflʌdlaɪt; `flʌdˌlaɪt/ n (esp pl 尤作复数) large powerful light that produces a wide beam, used to light sports grounds, theatre stages, etc （运动场、舞台 等的）泛光灯, 强力照明灯: a match played under floodlights在泛光灯下进行的比赛. =>illus at Association football 见Association football插图.

v (pt, pp floodlighted or floodlit / -lIt; -lIt/) [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] light (sth) using floodlights 用泛光灯照亮（某物）: The Acropolis is floodlit in the evenings. 夜晚泛光灯把卫城照得通亮./flɔː(r); flɔr/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] surface of a room on which one stands, walks, etc （室内的）地面, 地板: There weren't enough chairs so I had to sit on the floor. 房间里的椅子不够, 我只好坐在地上. * The bare concrete floor was cold on my feet. 水泥地没铺地毯, 我的脚感到很凉. * [attrib 作定语] 5000 square metres of floor space  5000平方米的房屋面积.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] bottom of the sea or ground surface of a cave, etc （海洋或洞穴等的）底: the ocean, forest, valley, cave floor 海洋的底、森林的地面、谷底、洞底. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth.  3 [C] all the rooms, etc on the same level in a building; level of storey of a building 同一层楼的所有房间等; 楼层: Her office is on the second floor. 她的办公室在三楼. =>Usage 见所附用法.  4 the floor [sing] (a) part of an assembly hall where members sit, eg in the Houses of Parliament, US Congress, etc 议员席（如英国议会两院、美国国会等的）: speak from the floor 在议员席上发言. (b) right to speak in such an assembly or meeting （在此种会议上的）发言权: The floor is yours  you may present your argument. 现在请您发言--尽请发表意见.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] area where a particular activity is undertaken 进行某种活动的场地: the dance floor, ie part of the floor of a night-club, etc where guests dance （夜总会等的）舞池 * the factory/shop floor, ie part of a factory where the ordinary workers (ie not the managers) work 车间.  6 [C] minimum level for wages or prices （工资或物价的）最低水平.  7 (idm 习语) be/get in on the ground floor => ground floor (ground1). ,hold the `floor speak to an audience, esp at great length or with determination, so that no one else has a chance to say anything 演说; （尤指）长篇演讲或慷慨陈辞（使他人无从插嘴）: She held the floor for over an hour. 她发言占了一个多小时. ,take the `floor (a) get up to speak or address an audience 起立发言或演讲: I now invite the President to take the floor. 现在请总统讲话. (b) get up and start to dance 起来跳舞: She took the floor with her husband. 她站起来和丈夫跳舞. wipe the floor with sb => wipe.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor. 在英式英语中, 楼房地面与街道相平的楼层叫ground floor, ground floor上面的一层叫first floor. *In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floor. 在美式英语中, 与街道相平的楼层叫first floor, 其上面的一层叫second floor.series of performances, eg of singing and dancing, presented in a night-club, bar, etc 一系列的表演（如夜总会、酒吧间等的唱歌、跳舞）.n any of the long (wooden) planks or boards laid down to make a floor （铺地面的）木板.n [U] material, eg boards or tiles, used for making floors 铺地面的材料（如木板或瓷砖）./ˈfluːzɪ; `fluzɪ/ n (infml derog 口, 贬) woman of low morals; prostitute 荡妇; 妓女./flɒp; flɑp/ v (-pp-)  1 [Ipr, Ip] move or fall clumsily, helplessly or loosely （笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下: The pile of books flopped noisily onto the floor. 那摞书劈里啪啦地散落到地上. * The fish we'd caught flopped around in the bottom of the boat. 我们捕到的鱼在船底乱蹦.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] hang or sway heavily and loosely （沉重地而不受束缚地）悬挂或摆动: flopping stirrups 垂着的马镫 * Her hair flopped (about) over her shoulders. 她的头发披散在肩上.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] sit or lie down heavily and clumsily, because of tiredness （因疲劳）重重地、笨拙地坐下或躺下: I'm ready to flop. 我要累倒了. * Exhausted, he flopped (down) into the nearest chair. 他累得一下子坐到离他最近的小沙发上.  4 [I] (infml 口) (of a book, play, etc) fail totally; be unsuccessful （指书、戏剧等）彻底失败, 不成功.

n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) flopping movement or sound 笨拙的移动或凌乱的落下或这种声音.  2 (infml 口) total failure (of a book, play, etc) （书、戏剧等的）彻底失败: Despite all the publicity, her latest novel was a complete flop. 她的最新小说尽管广为宣传, 结果还是彻底失败.

adv with a flop 扑通一声: fall flop into the water 扑通一声掉进水里./ˈflɒphaʊs; `flɑpˌhaᴜs/ n (US infml 口) cheap lodging house or hotel; doss-house 廉价的寄宿处、旅馆或客栈.adj (-ier, -iest) tending to flop; soft and flexible; falling loosely （笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下的; 松软的; 松弛下垂的: a floppy hat 松软的帽子.  n (infml 口) = floppy disk. floppy disk (also floppy, diskette) (computing 计) flexible disk for recording and storing data in a form that a computer can read 软磁盘. =>illus at computer 见computer插图. Cf 参看 hard disk (hard1)./ˈflɔːrə; `flɔrəl/ n [pl] all the plants of a particular area or period of time （某地区或时代的）一切植物, 植物区系: the flora of the Himalayas, the Palaeozoic era 喜马拉雅山的、古生代的植物系. Cf 参看 fauna./ˈflɔːrəl; `flɔrəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) made of flowers 用花做的: floral arrangements, tributes 插花、敬献的鲜花. (b) decorated with flowers 用花装饰的: floral wallpaper 有花卉图案的壁纸./ˈflɒrɪd; <i>US</i> ˈflɔːr-; `flɔrɪd/ adj  1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) elaborate and ornate; excessively decorated or colourful 华丽的; 过分装饰的; 过分艳丽的: florid music, poetry, art, etc 矫揉造作的音乐、诗、艺术等 * a florid room, painting 过分装饰的房间、过分艳丽的画.  2 (of a person's face) red in colour; ruddy （指人的面孔）红润的: a florid complexion 红润的面色./ˈflɒrɪn; <i>US</i> ˈflɔːrɪn; `flɔrɪn/ n former British coin worth two shillings or one tenth of 1 (now ten pence) 英国旧币制中的硬币, 值二先令或十分之一镑（现值10便士）./ˈflɒrɪst; <i>US</i> ˈflɔːr-; `flɔrɪst/ n person who has a shop that sells flowers 花商: order a wreath from the florist 从花店订购花圈 * buy a bouquet at the florist's, ie shop where flowers are sold 在花店买一束花./flɒs; <i>US</i> flɔːs; flɔs/ n [U]  1 rough silk threads from the outside of a silkworm's cocoon （蚕茧外层的）粗丝.  2 (also 'floss silk) spun (but not twisted) silk thread used for embroidery 刺绣用的丝线./fləʊˈteɪʃn; flo`teʃən/ n [C, U] starting of a new company by selling shares in it to the public （公开发行股票）开办新公司./fləˈtɪlə; flo`tɪlə/ n (a) fleet of boats or small ships 船队; 小型舰队. (b) small fleet of warships 小舰队: a destroyer flotilla 驱逐舰的舰队./ˈflɒtsəm; `flɑtsəm/ n [U]  1 parts of a wrecked ship or its cargo found floating in the sea （在海上漂浮的）遇难船只的残骸或货物. Cf 参看 jetsam.  2 (idm 习语) ,flotsam and `jetsam (a) people without homes or work or those who have had to leave their houses; vagrants and tramps or refugees 流离失所的人; 无业游民; 流浪者; 难民. (b) various unimportant objects; bits and pieces; odds and ends 无价值的东西; 零碎物品./flaʊns; flaᴜns/ v [Ipr, Ip] move about in an exaggerated, and usu impatient and angry manner 大动作地走动（通常为不耐烦而愤怒地）: She flounced out of the room, swearing loudly. 她大声地骂着离开了房间. * children flouncing around in their party clothes 穿着参加聚会的衣服到处乱跑的孩子们.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) sudden impatient movement of the body; jerk （身体突然发出的）不耐烦的动作, 猛然的动作: with a flounce of the head 脑袋猛地一动.

/flaʊns; flaᴜns/ n wide strip of cloth or lace sewn by its upper edge to a garment, eg a skirt 荷叶边（如裙子上的）.adj trimmed or decorated with flounces 镶荷叶边的: a flounced frock 镶荷叶边的连衣裙./ˈflaʊndə(r); `flaᴜndɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]  1 move or struggle helplessly or clumsily; move with difficulty, as through mud or deep snow 笨拙地移动或挣扎; 艰难地移动（如在泥中或深雪中）: Anna couldn't swim and was left floundering (about/around) in the deep end of the swimming-pool. 安娜不会游泳, 在游泳池的深水区里挣扎着.  2 hesitate or make mistakes when talking or when coming to a decision （说话或做决定时）犹豫或出错误: I wasn't expecting the interviewer to ask about my private life and was left floundering for a while. 我没想到主持面试的人问我私生活的事, 就犹豫了一下. * flounder (on) through a badly prepared speech 由于准备不充分而讲得错误百出./ˈflaʊə(r); flaᴜr/ n [U] fine powder obtained by grinding grain, esp wheat or rye, and used for making bread, cakes, etc 谷物磨成的粉; （尤指）（小麦的）面粉, 黑麦粉.

v [Tn] cover or sprinkle (sth) with flour 在（某物）上覆上或撒上面粉: flour the pastry board 在做点心的案板上撒上面粉./ˈflʌrɪʃ; `flʌrɪʃ/ v  1 [I] be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper 昌盛; 旺盛; 兴旺; 繁荣: No new business can flourish in the present economic climate. 在目前的经济气候中, 任何新生意都兴旺不起来. * a flourishing squash club 兴旺的壁球俱乐部.  2 [I] grow healthily; be well and active 健康成长; 茂盛; 健壮而活跃: This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate. 这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛. * All the family are flourishing. 全家人身体都很好.  3 [I, Ipr] (of ideas or people) be very active and influential (during the specified period) （指思想或人）（在某时期）活跃而有影响力: In Germany the baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. 在德国, 巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行.  4 [Tn] wave sth about in order to attract attention to it 挥舞某物（以引起注意）: He stormed into the office, flourishing a letter of complaint. 他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 bold sweeping movement or gesture, used esp to attract attention 明显的大动作或手势（尤用以引起注意的）: He opened the door for her with a flourish. 他潇洒地为她打开了门.  2 flowing curve, esp in handwriting or decoration 流畅的曲线（尤指书法或装饰方面的）.  3 loud and elaborate piece of music; fanfare 响亮而细腻的乐曲; 小号曲: A flourish of trumpets marked the Queen's arrival. 小号奏出嘹亮的乐曲欢迎女王驾到./ˈflaʊərɪ; `flaᴜrɪ/ adj of or like flour; covered with flour （似）面粉的; 覆有面粉的: floury potatoes, ie ones that are soft and fluffy 很面的土豆（柔软不脆的） * She wiped her floury hands with a damp cloth. 她用湿布擦去手上的面粉./flaʊt; flaᴜt/ v [Tn] disobey (sb/sth) openly and scornfully 公然藐视（某人[某事物]）: flout the law, (a) convention, the rules 藐视法律、传统、规则等 * flout sb's advice 轻视某人的劝告./fləʊ; flo/ v (pt, pp -ed)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of a liquid) move freely and continuously （指液体）流动: Her tears flowed freely (down her cheeks). 她眼泪止不住地（顺着面颊）往下流. * Most rivers flow into the sea. 江河大多流入海洋. * Blood suddenly started flowing out. 突然流出血来. (b) move freely and continuously, esp within a closed system; circulate 畅通无阻（尤指在封闭系统内）; 流通; 流传: Keep the traffic flowing. 保持交通畅通无阻. * Electricity is flowing (in the circuit/wires). 电在（电路[导线]中）流动. * Blood flows round the body. 血液在体内循环. * In convection, hot currents flow upwards. 在对流中热气流向上运动.  2 [I] (of speech or writing) proceed evenly and continuously （指讲话或写作）流畅: Conversation flowed freely when the speaker invited discussion. 演讲人请大家讨论, 于是人人畅所欲言.  3 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or hang (down) loosely and freely 松散而无束缚地落下或垂下: long flowing robes 飘洒的长袍 * Her hair flowed (down) over her shoulders. 她长发垂肩.  4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be available plentifully; be distributed freely 有的是; 大量供应; 取之不尽: The party became lively when the drink began to flow. 饮料开始大量供应, 聚会的气氛就活跃起来了. * a land flowing with milk and honey, ie place with rich natural resources 自然资源丰富的地方.  5 [I] (of the sea tide) come in; rise （指海潮）涨, 涨潮: The tide began to flow and our footprints were covered. 开始涨潮了, 潮水遮住了我们的脚印. Cf 参看 ebb 1.  6 (phr v) flow in/into sth arrive in a steady stream 不断涌入: The election results flowed in throughout the night. 通夜不断传来各项选举结果. * Offers of help flowed into the office. 人们接连不断地向办事处表示愿意提供帮助. flow from sth come or derive from sth; result from sth 源于某事物;为某事物的结果: Many benefits will flow from this discovery. 这项发现将带来许多好处. flow out (of sth) leave in a steady stream 外流: Profits are flowing out of the country. 利润源源不断地流向国外. flow over sb take place without affecting sb （某事）发生而不影响某人: Office politics just seem to flow over him. 同事之间互相倾轧、勾心斗角的事似乎并未波及到他.

n (usu sing 通常作单数)  1 ~ (of sth/sb) (rate of a) flowing movement of sth/sb （某事物[某人]的）流动（量）; 流量: a steady flow of traffic 川流不息的来往车辆 * The government is trying to stop the increasing flow of refugees entering the country. 政府正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国.  2 ~ (of sth) (rate of a) continuous stream or supply of sth 某事物的持续或连续供应（量）: cut off the flow of oil 切断石油输送 * the constant flow of information 源源不断的信息.  3 even and continuous outpouring of words 口若悬河; 滔滔不绝: I interrupted him while he was in full flow, ie talking away strongly. 他正在高谈阔论, 我打断了他的话.  4 incoming tide 涨潮: the ebb and flow of the sea 海潮的涨落.  5 (idm 习语) the ebb and flow (of sth) => ebb n.diagram showing the development of sth through the different stages or processes in a series 流程图./ˈflaʊə(r); `flaᴜɚ/ n  1 part of a plant from which the seed or fruit develops, often brightly coloured and lasting only a short time 花; 花朵: The plant has a brilliant purple flower. 那棵植物开着一朵鲜艳的紫花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.  2 plant grown for the beauty of its flowers; flower and its stem （供观赏的）开花植物; （带梗的）花: arrange some flowers in a vase 往花瓶里插花.  3 [sing] the ~ of sth (rhet 修辞) finest or best part of sth; prime or peak of sth 精华; 精粹; 精英; 鼎盛阶段: the flower of the nation's youth 该国青年的精英 * in the flower of one's maturity/strength/youth 正当成熟[身强力壮/年轻]的时候.  4 (idm 习语) in/into `flower in/into the state of having the flowers open 处于[进入]开花期: The roses have been in flower for a week. 这些玫瑰花已经开了一星期了. * The crocuses are late coming into flower. 藏红花开花晚.

v  1 [I] produce flowers; bloom 开花: These plants will flower in the spring. 这些植物到了春天就开花. * a late-flowering chrysanthemum 迟开的菊花.  2 [I] develop fully; mature or blossom 充分发展; 成熟; 繁荣: Their friendship flowered while they were at college. 他们的友谊在求学时已根深蒂固. (esp in the 1960s) (usu young) people supporting universal love and peace, and carrying flowers as a symbol of their beliefs （尤指20世纪60年代的）（通常为年轻的）戴花嬉皮士（主张博爱与和平, 以花象徵其信仰的人）.beliefs or cult of the flower children 戴花嬉皮士的信仰或崇拜.n piece of ground in a garden or park, specially prepared for growing flowers （花园或公园里的）花畦, 花坛.n girl or woman who sells flowers in a market, etc 卖花女.n exhibition at which flowers are displayed 花展./ˈflaʊəd; `flaᴜɚd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] decorated with patterns of flowers 用花卉图案装饰的: flowered wallpaper, cloth, curtains, etc 有花卉图案的壁纸、布、帘等. /ˈflaʊərɪŋ; `flaᴜərɪŋ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) full development of (an idea, literary or political movement, etc) （思想、文学或政治运动等的）成熟发展: the gradual flowering of modern democracy 现代民主的日臻成熟.adj not having or not producing flowers 无花的; 不开花的: flowerless plants 不开花的植物.n container of plastic or earthenware, in which a plant is grown 花盆. =>illus at pot 见pot插图./ˈflaʊərɪ; `flaᴜərɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 covered with or having a lot of flowers 有很多花的: flowery fields 有很多花的田野.  2 (of language, gestures or decoration) too elaborate or ornate （指语言、手势或装饰）矫揉造作的, 过分修饰的, 过于华丽的: a flowery speech 辞藻过分华丽的讲话.pp of fly2.abbr 缩写 = Flight Lieutenant: Flt Lt (Robert) Bell （罗伯特·）贝尔空军上尉./fluː; flu/ n (infml 口) = influenza./ˈflʌktʃʊeɪt; `flʌktʃᴜˌet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B)  1 (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly （指价格、数量、比率、费用等）涨落, 波动: The price fluctuates between 5 and 6. 价格在5英镑与6英镑之间波动.  2 (of an attitude or a state) change continually and irregularly; waver （指态度或状态）变化不定, 动摇: fluctuating opinions 变化不定的意见. /ˌflʌktʃʊˈeɪʃn; ˌflʌktʃᴜ`eʃən/ n [C, U] ~ (of/in sth): wide fluctuations of temperature 温度的巨大变化 * fluctuations in the state of his health 他健康状况时好时坏的变化./fluː; flu/ n channel, pipe, etc through which smoke, fumes or hot air pass from a boiler or oven, usu to a chimney 烟道; 管道./ˈfluːənsɪ; `fluənsɪ/ n [U] quality or condition of being fluent 流利; 通顺; 灵活而准确: She speaks Swahili with great fluency. 她说的斯瓦希里语非常流利./ˈfluːənt; `fluənt/ adj  1 (of a person) able to speak or write a language or perform an action smoothly, accurately and with ease （指人）语言流利的, 文字流畅的, 动作准确、轻松的: a fluent speaker (of Spanish) （西班牙语）说得流利的人 * be fluent in speech 讲话流利.  2 (of speech, a language or an action) expressed in a smooth and accurate way （指言语、语言）流利而通顺的; （指动作）灵活而准确的: speak/write fluent Russian 说[写]流利的俄语 * fluent movements, ie ones that are flowing and graceful 协调优美的动作.adv./flʌf; flʌf/ n  1 [U] (a) soft feathery pieces of material shed by blankets, etc （毛毯等落下的）绒毛: My best sweater is covered with fluff. 我那件最好的毛衣上满是绒毛. (b) soft fur or down of animals or birds （禽兽的）绒毛.  2 [C] (infml 口) unsuccessful attempt at sth; mistake or blunder 未成功的尝试; 错误; 失误.  3 (idm 习语) a bit of fluff => bit1.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) shake sth into a soft full mass; puff or spread sth out lightly 抖开某物; 抖松某物: fluff up the pillows 抖松枕头 * The bird fluffed (out) its feathers. 那鸟抖抖身子蓬开羽毛.  2 [Tn] (infml 口) be unsuccessful at doing (sth); perform (sth) badly; bungle 未做成（某事物）; 将（某事）搞坏; 出错: fluff a stroke, eg in golf 击球失误（如高尔夫球） * fluff one's lines in a play 说错剧中台词 * He really fluffed his exams. 他的确考糟了.n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like fluff; covered with fluff 似绒毛的; 有绒毛的: Most animals are soft and fluffy when first born. 大多数动物刚出生时都很软, 身上有绒毛.  2 soft, light and airy 蓬松的; 松软的: light and fluffy mashed potatoes 松软的土豆泥. /ˈfluːɪd; `fluɪd/ adj  1 able to flow freely, as gases and liquids do; not solid or rigid 流动的; 流体的; 不坚硬的: a fluid substance 流体.  2 not fixed; able to be changed 不固定的; 可改变的: fluid arrangements, ideas, opinions 可改变的安排、思想、意见 * The situation is still fluid. 局势尚不稳定.  3 smooth and graceful in movement 动作灵活而优美的.

n [C, U]  1 any liquid substance 液体: Drink plenty of fluids 多喝流质. * There's some sort of sticky fluid on the kitchen floor. 厨房的地上有一种发黏的液体.  2 (chemistry 化) fluid substance 流体; 液.(abbr 缩写 fl oz) liquid measure equal to one twentieth of an Imperial pint or one sixteenth of an American pint 液量盎司（英制等于十二分之一品脱, 美制等于十六分之一品脱）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、5./fluːˈɪdətɪ; flu`ɪdətɪ/ n [U] quality or state of being fluid 流动性; 流动状态./fluːk; fluk/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) thing that is accidentally successful; lucky stroke in a game 侥幸的成功; （在比赛中）侥幸击中: Passing the exam was a real fluke  he didn't work for it at all. 他考试及格实在是侥幸, 因为他根本没下过功夫. * That shot was a sheer fluke. 那完全是靠侥幸击中的. 

/fluːk; fluk/ n  1 either of the two flat triangular ends of an anchor 锚爪; 锚钩.  2 either of the two lobes of a whale's tail 鲸的尾鳍.

/fluːk; fluk/ n  1 flat-fish or flounder 比目鱼; 鲆, 鳎, 鲽.  2 parasitic worm found in the liver of a sheep （羊肝中的）肝蛭.adj./ˈflʌməks; `flʌməks/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) bewilder, confuse or disconcert (sb) 使（某人）迷惑、糊涂或仓皇失措: The politician was completely flummoxed by the questions put to her. 那位女政治家被问得十分狼狈.pt, pp of fling./flʌŋk; flʌŋk/ v (infml 口 esp US)  1 [I, Tn] fail (an examination, academic course, etc) 使（考试、某学科的成绩等）不及格: flunk biology 生物学不及格.  2 [Tn] give a failing mark to (sb) 评定（某人）不及格: be flunked in chemistry 化学不及格.  3 (phr v) flunk out be dismissed from a school or college for failure 因成绩不及格而被学校除名./ˈflʌŋkɪ; `flʌŋkɪ/ n (pl ~s or  -kies) (infml derog 口, 贬)  1 servant in uniform （着制服的）男仆.  2 (esp US) person who does small unimportant tasks 打杂的人.v [I] send out light in this manner 放射荧光./flɔːˈresns; <i>US</i> flʊəˈr-; ˌflᴜə`rɛsns/ n [U] property that a substance has of emitting light while being exposed to light or some other radiation of a shorter wavelength 荧光. Cf 参看 phosphorescence./-snt; -snt/ adj  1 of, having or showing fluorescence 荧光的; 有荧光的; 显出荧光的: fluorescent lighting 荧光灯.  2 having a very bright glowing appearance because of fluorescence （因有荧光）发亮的: wearing orange fluorescent clothing 穿着橙色荧光服装.electric light, usu in the form of a long strip, that gives off a fluorescent light 荧光灯; 日光灯./ˈflɔːrɪdeɪt; <i>US</i> ˈflʊər-; `flᴜərəˌdet/ v [Tn] add traces of fluoride to (the water supply), esp to prevent tooth decay 在（食水）中加氟（尤指为预防生龋齿）./ˌflɔːrɪˈdeɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌflʊər-; ˌflᴜərə`deʃən/ n [U]./ˈflɔːraɪd; <i>US</i> ˈflʊər-; `flᴜəˌraɪd/ n chemical compound of fluorine 氟化物.=> fluoridization/ˌflɔːrɪdəɪˈzeɪʃn; ʊɔ̃  ˌflʊərɪdɪˈz-; ˌflᴜərədɪ`zeʃən/ n [U] = fluoridation./ˈflɔːrɪdaɪz; <i>US</i> ˈflʊər-; `flᴜərəˌdaɪz/ v [Tn] = fluoridate. /ˈflɔːriːn; <i>US</i> ˈflʊər-; `flᴜəˌrin/ n [U] (chemistry 化) element, a pale yellow gas that is both poisonous and corrosive 氟. =>App 10 见附录10.=> fluoridize/ˈflʌrɪ; `flʌrɪ/ n  1 short sudden rush of wind or fall of rain, snow, etc 一阵风、雨、雪等: light snow flurries/flurries of snow 阵阵小雪.  2 ~ (of sth) sudden burst of intense activity; commotion （激烈活动的）爆发, 骚动: a flurry of activity/excitement 一阵活动[激动] * I'm always in a flurry (ie confused and disorganized) as deadlines get nearer. 一接近最後期限我就忙乱不堪.

v (pt, pp flurried) [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] confuse and disturb; fluster 使迷乱; 使慌张: Keep calm! Don't get flurried. 镇静! 不要慌./flʌʃ; flʌʃ/ n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) flow of blood to the face that causes a red colouring; blush 脸红. (b) sudden rush of emotions, excitement, etc 感情、激情等的突发; 激动; 兴奋: a flush of enthusiasm, anger, joy, etc 一阵热情、怒火、喜悦等.  2 [sing] rush of water, esp for cleaning a toilet 冲水（尤指冲马桶）: Give the toilet a flush. 冲一冲马桶.  3 [C] new fresh growth, esp of plants 新的成长; （尤指）萌发.  4 (idm 习语) (in) the first/full flush of `youth, etc (in) the freshness orvigour of youth, etc; at its beginning/most fully developed stage 青春的初期[年轻力壮]; （在）初发[旺盛]阶段: the first flush of manhood 男子成年初期的精力 * In the full flush of success, nothing was an obstacle. 在成就如日中天时, 其势锐不可当.

/flʌʃ; flʌʃ/ v  1 (a) [La, I] (of a person's face) become red because of a rush of blood to the skin; blush （指人的面部）变红, 发红: Mary flushed crimson with embarrassment. 玛丽羞得脸红了. (b) [Tn] (of illness, feelings, etc) cause (the face) to become red （指疾病、情感等）使（面部）变红: Fever flushed his cheeks. 他发烧满脸通红.  2 (a) [Tn] clean (esp a toilet or drain) with a rush of water （用水）冲洗（尤指马桶或下水道）: Please flush the toilet after you've used it. 便後请冲水. (b) [I] (of a toilet) be cleaned in this way （指马桶）被冲洗: The toilet won't flush properly, ie it is blocked. 马桶冲不下去了（堵塞了）.  3 (phr v) flush sth away, down, through, etc dispose of sth with a rush of water 用水将某物冲掉: flush waste down a sink 把残渣从洗涤槽冲走.

/flʌʃ; flʌʃ/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (birds) to fly suddenly, esp from undergrowth 使（鸟）突然飞起（尤指从矮树丛中）: flush a pheasant (from cover) 惊起（躲藏着的）野鸡. (b) [I] (of birds) fly suddenly, esp from undergrowth （指鸟）突然飞起（尤指从矮树丛中）.  2 (phr v) flush sb out (of sth) force sb to leave a hiding-place; drive sb out 迫使某人离开藏身处; 将某人赶出: flush out spies, criminals, snipers, etc 迫使间谍、罪犯、狙击手等离开藏身处.

/flʌʃ; flʌʃ/ n (in card-games) set of cards held by a player, all of which belong to the same suit （纸牌戏）同花的一手牌, 清一色: She won with a royal flush, ie the five highest cards of a suit. 她以同花大顺（最大的同花顺次五张）获胜.

/flʌʃ; flʌʃ/ adj ~ (with sth)  1 completely level or even with another surface （与另一个面）完全齐平的: flush fittings 装置在同一平面上的组件 * The door should be flush with the wall. 门应该与墙在同一平面上.  2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) having a lot of sth, esp money; well supplied 很多（尤指金钱）; 充裕: flush with funds 金钱充足.adj ~ (with sth) very excited (by sth); filled with emotion （因某事物）非常激动的; 充满感情的: flushed with success, pride, joy, etc 因成功、得意、喜悦等而激动./ˈflʌstə(r); `flʌstɚ/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make (sb) nervous and confused 使（某人）慌张: Don't get flustered! 不要慌张!

n [sing] nervous agitated state 紧张; 焦虑: all in a fluster 心慌意乱./fluːt; flut/ n wind instrument in the form of a pipe, with holes stopped by fingers or keys and a mouth-hole at the side 长笛: [attrib 作定语] a flute solo 长笛独奏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. /ˈfluːtɪst; `flutɪst/ n (US) = flautist./ˈflʌtə(r); `flʌtɚ/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] (of the wings of birds, butterflies, etc) move lightly and quickly （指鸟、蝴蝶等的翅膀）轻而快地抖动, 拍翅: The wings of the bird still fluttered after it had been shot down. 那鸟击落後翅膀仍在抖动. (b) [Tn] move (the wings) in this way 鼓（翼）; 拍（翅膀）: The bird fluttered its wings in the cage. 鸟在笼中拍着翅膀.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] move about in a quick irregular way 迅速而无规则地乱动; 飘动: a flag fluttering from the mast-head 在旗杆顶上飘扬着的旗帜 * curtains fluttering in the breeze 在微风中飘动的窗帘. (b) [Tn] move (sth) in this way 使（某物）迅速而无规则地动: She fluttered her eyelashes (at me). 她（朝我）眨眼睛.  3 [I] (of the heart) beat weakly and irregularly, esp because of nervous excitement （指心脏）微弱而无规律地跳动（尤指因紧张激动所致）.  4 (idm 习语) ,flutter the `dovecotes astonish, upset or alarm people who are used to a calm or conventional life 惊扰过惯平静或平凡生活的人们.  5 (phr v) flutter about, around, across, etc (a) fly in the specified direction with quick light movements of the wings 拍动翅膀飞（向某方向）: The wounded bird fluttered to the ground. 那受伤的鸟拍着翅膀落到地上. * A moth was fluttering round the lamp. 有一只蛾子扑打着翅膀绕着灯飞. (b) move in the specified direction in a quick irregular way 迅速而无规则地（向某方向）运动: autumn leaves fluttering to the ground 飘摇落地的秋叶 * She fluttered nervously about, going from room to room. 她紧张不安地从这房间到那房间四处走动.

n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) quick irregular movement 迅速而无规则的运动: the flutter of wings 翅膀的拍动 * with a flutter of her long dark eyelashes 她那长着又长又黑睫毛的眼睛一眨.  2 [sing] state of nervous or confused excitement 紧张; 慌乱: in a flutter 心绪不宁 * all of a flutter 突然一阵慌乱 * The arrival of the first customer caused a flutter (of activity) in the shop. 第一位顾客登门, 引起店中一阵慌乱.  3 [U] (a) dangerous vibration in part of an aircraft, esp the wings （飞行器的一部分, 尤指机翼的）危险的颤振. (b) rapid variation in the pitch or loudness of recorded sound 录音中的音高或音量的迅速变化. Cf 参看 wow2.  4 [C] (Brit infml 口) ~ (on sth) small bet or gamble 小赌; 小赌注: have a flutter (on a horse) at the races 在赛马中（在一匹马上）下小赌注./ˈfluːvɪəl; `fluvɪəl/ adj of or found in rivers 河流的; 河中的: fluvial deposits of mud 河中的淤泥./flʌks; flʌks/ n  1 [U] continuous change or succession of changes; unsettled state 连续的改变; 接连不断的变化; 不稳定的状态: Organization of the company was then in a state of flux. 当时公司的编制正处于不稳定状态.  2 [sing] ~ (of sth) (rate of) flow or flowing (out); discharge 流（量）; 流动（量）; 流出（量）: a flux of neutrons 中子通量 * magnetic flux 磁通量.  3 [C, U] substance used to help metals fuse together 焊剂; 助熔剂./flaɪ; flaɪ/ n  1 type of insect with two wings, esp the house-fly 苍蝇; （尤指）家蝇.  2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) any of several types of flying insect （会飞的）昆虫: `dragonfly * `butterfly * `tsetse-fly.  3 natural or artificial fly used as bait in fishing （用作钓饵的真的或假的）苍蝇.  4 (idm 习语) die/fall/drop like `flies die or collapse in very large numbers 大批地死亡或倒下: Men were dropping like flies in the intense heat. 人们抵受不住酷热而纷纷倒下. a/the `fly in the ointment person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation or occasion 扫兴的人或事物. a `fly on the wall hidden or unnoticed observer 隐蔽的或不引人注意的观察者: I wish I could be a fly on the wall when they discuss my future. 在他们讨论我的前途时, 我恨不得能偷偷旁观. (there are) no flies on sb (infml 口) sb is clever and not easily tricked 某人很机灵, 不易上当. not harm/hurt a `fly be kind and gentle and unwilling to cause unhappiness 心地善良、文质彬彬、不愿引起不愉快: Our dog may look fierce but he wouldn't hurt a fly. 我们的狗别看样子凶, 其实很温顺.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ v (pt flew / flu:; flu/, pp flown / flEUn; flon/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a bird or an insect) move through the air, using wings （指鸟或昆虫）飞, 飞翔: watch the birds learn to fly 看鸟学飞 * A large bird flew past us. 一只大鸟从我们这儿飞过.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of an aircraft or a spacecraft) move through air or space （指飞行器）飞行, 航行: I can hear a plane flying overhead. 我听到一架飞机正从上空飞过. (b) travel in an aircraft or a spacecraft 乘飞行器: I'm flying (out) to Hong Kong tomorrow. 明天我要乘飞机去香港. =>Usage at travel 用法见travel.  3 (a) [Tn] direct or control the flight of (an aircraft, etc) 驾驶或操纵（飞行器等）: Only experienced pilots fly large passenger aircraft. 只有有经验的飞行员才能驾驶大型客机. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] transport (goods or passengers) in an aircraft 用飞行器运送（货物或旅客）: Five thousand people were flown to Paris during the Easter weekend. 在复活节的周末有五千人乘飞机去巴黎. * He had flowers specially flown in forthe ceremony. 他特地为这一典礼空运来了鲜花. (c) [Tn]travel over (an ocean or area of land) in an aircraft 乘飞行器飞越（海洋或陆地）: fly the Atlantic 飞越大西洋.  4 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] go or move quickly; rush along 疾行; 快速地动; 急速前进: The children flew to meet their mother. 孩子们飞跑过去迎接妈妈. * It's late  I must fly. 太晚了--我得赶快走. * The train flew by. 列车飞驰而过. * The dog flew down the road after the cat. 狗在马路上飞跑着追赶猫. (b) [La, Ipr, Ip] move suddenly and with force 猛然移动: A large stone came flying through the window. 从窗外扔进来一块大石头. * David gave the door a kick and it flew open. 大卫一脚向门踹去, 那门猛地开了. (c) [I, Ip] (of time) pass very quickly （指时间）飞逝: Doesn't time fly? 时间过得真快呀! * Summer has just flown (by). 夏天一晃就过去了.  5 (a) [Tn] make (a kite) rise and stay high in the air 放（风筝）. (b) [Tn] raise (a flag) so that it waves in the air 升（旗）: fly the Union Jack 升起英国国旗. (c) [Ipr, Ip] move about freely; be carried about in the air 自由地移动; 在空中飘动: Her hair was flying about (in the wind). 她的头发随风飘动.  6 [I, Tn] (rhet 修辞) flee from (sb/sth) 从（某人[某物]）之处逃走: The robbers have flown (the country). 抢劫犯逃到国外去了.  7 (idm 习语) as the crow flies => crow1. the bird has flown => bird. fly/show/wave the flag => flag1. fly `high be ambitious 胸怀大志. fly in the face of sth be contrary to sth; oppose sth 与某事物相悖; 反对某事物: His version of events flies in the face of all the evidence. 他对事件的说法与所有证据都不相符. fly into a `passion, `rage, `temper, etc become suddenly very angry 勃然大怒. fly a kite (Brit infml 口) do or say sth in order to see how people will react, express their opinions, etc 试探舆论. (go) fly a/one's kite (US infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) go away and stop interfering or annoying sb 走开, 不再打扰某人. fly/go off at a tangent => tangent. fly off the `handle (infml 口) become wildly angry 狂怒. fly/go out of the window => window. keep the flag flying => flag1. let fly (at sb/sth) (with sth) (a) shoot or throw sth (at sb/sth) violently （向某人[某物]）猛烈射击, 猛掷某物: He aimed carefully and then let fly, ie fired. 他仔细瞄准之後便开了枪. (b) reproach or criticize (sb) angrily 愤怒地责备或批评（某人）: Furious at his deceit, she let fly at him with a stream of abuse. 他欺骗人, 气得她把他大骂了一顿. make the `fur/`sparks fly cause quarrelling or fighting 引起争吵或打斗: The promotion of Russell instead of Sarah really made the sparks fly. 因为提升了拉塞尔没提升萨拉, 这件事竟惹起了轩然大波. pigs might fly => pig. send sb/sth flying => send. send things flying => send.  8 (phr v) fly at sb rush to attack sb 冲上去攻击某人.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ n  1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (piece of material on a garment that contains or covers a) zip or buttoned opening, eg down the front of a pair of trousers 服装上盖住拉锁或钮扣的遮盖; 有拉锁或钮扣的开口（如裤子前面的）: John, your flies are/fly is undone! 约翰, 你的拉锁开了!  2 [C] flap of material, eg canvas, at the entrance to a tent 帐篷的门帘（如帆布制的）.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ n  1 type of insect with two wings, esp the house-fly 苍蝇; （尤指）家蝇.  2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) any of several types of flying insect （会飞的）昆虫: `dragonfly * `butterfly * `tsetse-fly.  3 natural or artificial fly used as bait in fishing （用作钓饵的真的或假的）苍蝇.  4 (idm 习语) die/fall/drop like `flies die or collapse in very large numbers 大批地死亡或倒下: Men were dropping like flies in the intense heat. 人们抵受不住酷热而纷纷倒下. a/the `fly in the ointment person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation or occasion 扫兴的人或事物. a `fly on the wall hidden or unnoticed observer 隐蔽的或不引人注意的观察者: I wish I could be a fly on the wall when they discuss my future. 在他们讨论我的前途时, 我恨不得能偷偷旁观. (there are) no flies on sb (infml 口) sb is clever and not easily tricked 某人很机灵, 不易上当. not harm/hurt a `fly be kind and gentle and unwilling to cause unhappiness 心地善良、文质彬彬、不愿引起不愉快: Our dog may look fierce but he wouldn't hurt a fly. 我们的狗别看样子凶, 其实很温顺.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ v (pt flew / flu:; flu/, pp flown / flEUn; flon/)  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a bird or an insect) move through the air, using wings （指鸟或昆虫）飞, 飞翔: watch the birds learn to fly 看鸟学飞 * A large bird flew past us. 一只大鸟从我们这儿飞过.  2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of an aircraft or a spacecraft) move through air or space （指飞行器）飞行, 航行: I can hear a plane flying overhead. 我听到一架飞机正从上空飞过. (b) travel in an aircraft or a spacecraft 乘飞行器: I'm flying (out) to Hong Kong tomorrow. 明天我要乘飞机去香港. =>Usage at travel 用法见travel.  3 (a) [Tn] direct or control the flight of (an aircraft, etc) 驾驶或操纵（飞行器等）: Only experienced pilots fly large passenger aircraft. 只有有经验的飞行员才能驾驶大型客机. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] transport (goods or passengers) in an aircraft 用飞行器运送（货物或旅客）: Five thousand people were flown to Paris during the Easter weekend. 在复活节的周末有五千人乘飞机去巴黎. * He had flowers specially flown in forthe ceremony. 他特地为这一典礼空运来了鲜花. (c) [Tn]travel over (an ocean or area of land) in an aircraft 乘飞行器飞越（海洋或陆地）: fly the Atlantic 飞越大西洋.  4 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] go or move quickly; rush along 疾行; 快速地动; 急速前进: The children flew to meet their mother. 孩子们飞跑过去迎接妈妈. * It's late  I must fly. 太晚了--我得赶快走. * The train flew by. 列车飞驰而过. * The dog flew down the road after the cat. 狗在马路上飞跑着追赶猫. (b) [La, Ipr, Ip] move suddenly and with force 猛然移动: A large stone came flying through the window. 从窗外扔进来一块大石头. * David gave the door a kick and it flew open. 大卫一脚向门踹去, 那门猛地开了. (c) [I, Ip] (of time) pass very quickly （指时间）飞逝: Doesn't time fly? 时间过得真快呀! * Summer has just flown (by). 夏天一晃就过去了.  5 (a) [Tn] make (a kite) rise and stay high in the air 放（风筝）. (b) [Tn] raise (a flag) so that it waves in the air 升（旗）: fly the Union Jack 升起英国国旗. (c) [Ipr, Ip] move about freely; be carried about in the air 自由地移动; 在空中飘动: Her hair was flying about (in the wind). 她的头发随风飘动.  6 [I, Tn] (rhet 修辞) flee from (sb/sth) 从（某人[某物]）之处逃走: The robbers have flown (the country). 抢劫犯逃到国外去了.  7 (idm 习语) as the crow flies => crow1. the bird has flown => bird. fly/show/wave the flag => flag1. fly `high be ambitious 胸怀大志. fly in the face of sth be contrary to sth; oppose sth 与某事物相悖; 反对某事物: His version of events flies in the face of all the evidence. 他对事件的说法与所有证据都不相符. fly into a `passion, `rage, `temper, etc become suddenly very angry 勃然大怒. fly a kite (Brit infml 口) do or say sth in order to see how people will react, express their opinions, etc 试探舆论. (go) fly a/one's kite (US infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) go away and stop interfering or annoying sb 走开, 不再打扰某人. fly/go off at a tangent => tangent. fly off the `handle (infml 口) become wildly angry 狂怒. fly/go out of the window => window. keep the flag flying => flag1. let fly (at sb/sth) (with sth) (a) shoot or throw sth (at sb/sth) violently （向某人[某物]）猛烈射击, 猛掷某物: He aimed carefully and then let fly, ie fired. 他仔细瞄准之後便开了枪. (b) reproach or criticize (sb) angrily 愤怒地责备或批评（某人）: Furious at his deceit, she let fly at him with a stream of abuse. 他欺骗人, 气得她把他大骂了一顿. make the `fur/`sparks fly cause quarrelling or fighting 引起争吵或打斗: The promotion of Russell instead of Sarah really made the sparks fly. 因为提升了拉塞尔没提升萨拉, 这件事竟惹起了轩然大波. pigs might fly => pig. send sb/sth flying => send. send things flying => send.  8 (phr v) fly at sb rush to attack sb 冲上去攻击某人.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ n  1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (piece of material on a garment that contains or covers a) zip or buttoned opening, eg down the front of a pair of trousers 服装上盖住拉锁或钮扣的遮盖; 有拉锁或钮扣的开口（如裤子前面的）: John, your flies are/fly is undone! 约翰, 你的拉锁开了!  2 [C] flap of material, eg canvas, at the entrance to a tent 帐篷的门帘（如帆布制的）.

/flaɪ; flaɪ/ adj (infml 口 esp Brit) not easily deceived; clever and sly 不易上当的; 机灵的; 精明的: He's a very fly character. 他是个很精明的人./ˈflaɪəweɪ; `flaɪ əˌwe/ adj  1 (esp of hair) loose and wispy; difficult to control （尤指毛发）松散而纤细的, 难以梳理的.  2 (fig 比喻) not sensible; frivolous or flighty 不合情理的; 轻率的; 轻浮的.adj  1 (of meat, etc) bad or unfit to eat, because contaminated by flies' eggs （指肉等）（因有蝇卵）腐败的, 不宜食用的.  2 (fig 比喻) in a bad condition; dirty or spoiled 破烂的; 肮脏的; 损坏的./ˈflaɪbaɪ; `flaɪ ˌbaɪ/ n (pl `fly-bys) flight, esp by a spacecraft, past a point or target 经某点或某目标的飞行（尤指宇宙飞行器）: a fly-by of Jupiter 经过木星的飞行./ˈflaɪbaɪnaɪt; `flaɪ baɪ ˌnaɪt/ n (pl fly-by-nights) person who evades financial responsibility, esp debts, by (secretly) leaving; unreliable person 为躲债（偷偷）离去的人; 不可靠的人.  adj unreliable or dishonest, esp in financial and business matters 不可靠的; 不诚实的（尤指在财务及商业事务上）: a fly-by-night company 无信誉的公司.v [I] fish using artificial flies as bait 以假蝇作饵钓鱼.n [U].n (pl fly-halves) = stand-off half (stand).n [U, C] strip of sticky paper for catching flies 粘蝇纸./-pɑːst; <i>US</i> -pst; -ˌpæst/ n (Brit) (US `flyover) ceremonial flight of aircraft, usu at low altitude, as part of a military display （阅兵式的）飞机编队飞行（通常为低空飞行）.n poisonous liquid sprayed from a container to kill flies 灭蝇喷雾剂.n type of bird that catches insects in the air 翔食雀.= flier./ˈflaɪɪŋ; `flaɪɪŋ/ adj moving by flight; able to fly 飞行的; 会飞的: flying insects 会飞的昆虫.

n [U] going in an aircraft for travel or sport 乘坐飞行器（旅行或运动）: I'm terrified of flying  I'd rather go by sea. 我害怕坐飞机--我宁愿坐船.(architecture 建) arched structure that supports the outside wall of a large building, esp a church 拱扶垛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.1 flags on display as a sign of victory or during a ceremony （象徵胜利的或用于庆典的）旗帜.  2 (idm 习语) with flying colours with great and obvious success 大获全胜地: She came through/passed her exams with flying colours. 她考试成绩优异.troops able to move rapidly and act independently 快速突击部队; 别动队.(esp in Australia) doctor who travels in an aircraft to visit patients who live in distant or isolated places （尤指澳大利亚的）飞行医生（乘飞机到偏远地区出诊的）.type of tropical fish that can rise and move forward above the surface of the water using its wing-like fins 飞鱼.type of large fruit-eating bat 狐蝠; 果蝠.forward jump/leap made while running quickly 助跑起跳.officer in the Royal Air Force between the ranks of pilot officer and flight lieutenant （英国皇家）空军中尉. =>App 9 见附录9.worker or group of workers on strike who are ready to travel quickly to different factories, etc to persuade other workers to join the strike 串联纠察员（可迅速到各工厂等动员一道罢工的工人）.spacecraft, shaped like a saucer or disc, that some people claim to have seen and that is believed to have come from another planet 飞碟; 不明飞行物.group of police officers who are always ready to move quickly, eg when a crime has occurred 机动警察队.1 start to a race in which the competitors are already running as they cross the starting line 行进间起跑（跑着通过起跑线）.  2 (idm 习语) get off to a flying start begin sth well; have an initial advantage 开端很好; 一开始就占优势: Our holiday got off to a flying start because the weather was good and the trains were on time. 我们度假一开始就大吉大利, 天气很好, 火车也都准点.(in Rugby football, etc) tackle made while running or jumping （在橄榄球等运动中）凌空抢球.very brief or hasty visit 短暂或匆忙的访问./ˈflaɪliːf; `flaɪˌlif/ n (pl -leaves / -li:vz; -9livz/) blank page at the beginning or end of a book （书刊前或後的）空白页./ˈflaɪəʊvə(r); `flaɪˌovɚ/ n  1 (Brit) (US overpass) bridge which carries one road or railway above another 立交桥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.  2 (US) = fly-past (fly2)./ˈflaɪʃiːt; `flaɪˌʃit/ n  1 additional outer cover for a tent to give protection from rain （盖在帐篷外面的）防雨布.  2 small pamphlet of two or four pages （两页或四页的）小册子.n  1 boxer of the lightest class, weighing between 48 and 51 kg 特轻量级拳击手（体重在48至51公斤者）.  2 wrestler weighing between 48 and 51 kg 最 轻量级摔交选手（体重在48至51公斤者）./ˈflaɪwiːl; <i>US</i> -hwiːl; `flaɪˌhwil/ n heavy wheel revolving on a shaft to keep a machine operating at an even speed 飞轮; 惯性轮.abbr 缩写 =  1 Field Marshal.  2/ 9ef 5em; 9Zf `Zm/ (radio 无) frequency modulation. Cf 参看 AM 1.abbr 缩写 = fathom(s)./ˌef ˈəʊ; ˌɛf `o/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (formerly 旧时) Foreign Office 外交部: He used to work at the FO. 他过去在外交部工作. Cf 参看 FCO./fəʊl; fol/ n  1 young of a horse or of a related animal, eg a donkey 驹子（如驴驹）.  2 (idm 习语) in/with foal (of a female horse, etc) pregnant （指母马等）怀驹.

v [I] give birth to a foal 产驹./fəʊm; fom/ n [U]  1 (a) mass of small, usu white, air bubbles formed in or on a liquid 泡沫: The breaking waves left the beach covered with foam. 浪花弄得海滩都是泡沫. (b) frothy bubbles of saliva or perspiration 唾沫; 汗珠.  2 any of various chemical substances forming a thick bubbly mass and used for different purposes （化学物质的）厚层泡沫: `shaving foam 剃须泡沫膏.  3 rubber or plastic in a spongy form, used to fill seats, cushions, etc 泡沫橡胶; 泡沫塑料: [attrib 作定语],foam `rubber 泡沫橡胶.

v [I, Ipr] form or send out foam; froth 起泡沫; 发出泡沫: a glass of foaming beer 一杯起泡沫的啤酒 * The sick dog foamed at the mouth. 那只病狗口吐白沫. * (fig 比喻) After having to wait an hour the customer was foaming (at the mouth) with rage, ie obviously very angry. 那顾客等了一小时後气得七窍生烟.adj full of or like foam 多泡沫的; 似泡沫的./fɒb; fɑb/ n  1 chain or ribbon to which a pocket-watch is attached （怀表的）链或带.  2 ornament, esp a watch, hung from such a chain 怀表链上的饰物（尤指表）.  3 ornament attached to a key-ring 钥匙环上的饰物.

/fɒb; fɑb/ v (-bb-) (phr v) fob sb off (with sth) trick sb into being satisfied (with sth inferior, an excuse, etc) （用低劣的东西、用藉口等）哄骗或搪塞某人: I won't be fobbed off this time  I'm determined to say what I think. 这次我可不上当了--我一定要把想法说出来. * You can't fob an expert off with cheap imitations. 用廉价的仿制品骗不了行家. fob sth off on/onto sb trick or deceive sb into buying or accepting sth inferior 哄骗某人购买或接受低劣的东西: Don't try fobbing off last year's goods on me! 别想拿去年的陈货来骗我!

/ˌef əʊ ˈbiː; ˌɛf o `bi/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (of cargo) free on board (ie transported to the ship and loaded without the buyer paying extra) （指货物）船上交货价, 离岸价格./ˈfəʊkl; `fokl/ adj [attrib 作定语] of or at a focus 焦点的; 在焦点上的.distance between the centre of a mirror or a lens and its focus 焦距.something that is the centre of interest oractivity 感兴趣的或活动的中心: Reducing unemploymentis the focal point of the government's plans. 减少失业人数是政府计画的重点.= forecastle./ˈfəʊkəs; `fokəs/ n (pl ~es or  foci / 5fEUsaI;`fosaI/) =>Usage at data 用法见data.  1 [C] point at which rays (of light, sound, etc) meet or from which they appear to come （光、声等的）中心点, 源.  2 [C] point or distance at which (the outline of) an object is most clearly seen by the eye or through a lens 焦点; 焦距.  3 [C] adjustment or device on a lens to produce a clear image 聚焦; 调焦; 聚焦或调焦的装置: The focus on my camera isn't working properly. 我的照相机上的调焦装置有毛病.  4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] centre of activity, interest, etc 活动的中心; 使人感兴趣的所在: Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目. * In tonight's programme our focus is on Germany. 在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国.  5 (idm 习语) be in `focus; bring sth/come into focus (cause sth to) be or become clearly seen or sharply defined （使某事物）清晰、明确或在焦点上: Bring the object into focus if you want a sharp photograph. 要照出清晰的照片, 就要把焦点对准物体. be/go out of `focus not be or no longer be clearly seen, etc 模糊、不清楚或不在焦点上: The children's faces were badly out of focus (ie were very blurred) in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊.

v (-s- or  -ss-)  1 (a) [I] become able to see clearly 能够看清楚: His eyes focused slowly in the dark room. 他在那间黑屋子里眼睛慢慢地看清了东西. (b)[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) cause sth to be concentrated(at a point) 使某事物集中（于一点）: If you focus the sun's rays through a magnifying glass on a dry leaf, it will start to burn. 用放大镜把阳光聚到乾叶子上, 叶子就能燃烧. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) adjust the focus(2) of (a lens or the eye) 调整（透镜或眼睛）的焦点或焦距: Focus your camera (on those trees). 把照相机的焦距调准（把焦点集中在树上）.  2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) concentrate (on sth) 集中（于某事物）: I'm so tired I can't focus (on anything) today. 今天我太累了, 精神集中不起来. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) concentrate (one's attention, etc) on (sth) 将（注意力等）集中于（某事物）: Please focus your minds on the following problem. 请集中考虑以下问题./ˈfɒdə(r); `fɑdɚ/ n [U] dried food, hay, etc for horses and farm animals （马及其他牲畜的）饲料, 草料, 秣./fəʊ; fo/ n (fml or dated 文或旧) enemy 敌人./ˈfiːtl; `fitl/ adj of or like a foetus （似）胚胎的: She curled up her legs and arms into a foetal position, ie like that of a foetus in the womb. 她像胎儿一样蜷曲起四肢./ˈfiːtəs; `fitəs/ n young human, animal, bird, etc that has developed within the womb or egg but has not yet been born or hatched 胎儿; 胚胎. Cf 参看 embryo 1./fɒg; <i>US</i> fɔːg; fɔˇ/ n  1 (a) [U] thick cloud of tiny drops of water close to or just above land or sea; thick mist 雾: Dense fog is covering roads in the north and visibility is very poor. 浓雾笼罩了北部的公路, 能见度很低. * Patches of fog will clear by mid-morning. 早晨一过局部地区的雾气就能消散. (b) [C] instance or period of this 雾; 有雾时: We get heavy fogs on this coast in winter. 这里的海边冬季有浓雾. =>Usage 见所附用法.  2 [C, U] (area of) cloudiness on a photographic negative, etc, making the image unclear （摄影底片等上的）灰雾.  3 (idm 习语) in a fog puzzled and confused 困惑; 迷惑: I'm in a complete fog about computer technology  I don't understand it at all. 我对计算机技术如堕五里雾中--完全不懂.

v (-gg-)  1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] cover (sth) or become covered with fog 雾气笼罩（某物）; 有雾气: The windscreen has fogged (over/up). 挡风玻璃让雾气遮住了. * Steam has fogged the bathroom mirror. 水蒸气把浴室里的镜子遮住了.  2 (a) [Tn] cause cloudiness on (a photographic negative, etc) 使（摄影底片等上）产生灰雾: Shut the door or the light will fog the film. 把门关上, 不然亮光能使底片发灰. (b) [I] (of a photographic negative, etc) become cloudy （指摄影底片等）变灰.3 [Tn] puzzle or confuse (sb) 使（某人）迷惑或困惑:I'm a bit fogged by these instructions. 这些说明把我搞得有些糊涂了.  4 [Tn] obscure or confuse (sth being discussed) 使（正在讨论的事物）变模糊或混淆不清: complicated language that just fogs the real issues 把实质问题弄得模糊不清的复杂的语言.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Fog, mist and haze are all clouds of water vapour at ground level and above. *fog、mist、haze均为地面及地面以上的水蒸气. They indicate different degrees of thickness 这几个词表示的浓度有所不同: fog is the thickest and haze the least thick. *fog最浓, haze最薄. Haze also occurs when it is very hot *haze在天气炎热时也会出现: a heat-haze 热天的薄雾. Smog is an unhealthy mixture of smoke and fog in the air of some industrial cities. *smog是在一些工业城市的空气中烟与雾的混合物, 是有害于健康的.n mass of dense fog on the sea 平流雾（海面上的浓雾）; 雾堤.adj unable to travel or operate normally because of fog; trapped by fog 因雾而不能正常行进或运行的; 被雾困住的: fog-bound planes, passengers 因雾停飞的飞机、因雾滞留的旅客 * a fog-bound airport, harbour 因雾而关闭的机场、港口.n instrument that makes a loud blaring noise to warn ships of danger when it is foggy 雾角; 雾号; 雾笛: (joc or derog 谑或贬) He's got a voice like a fog-horn, ie a loud, harsh voice. 他的嗓音像雾角（大而刺耳）.n powerful light on the front of a car, etc for use in fog 雾灯（汽车等在雾天使用的前部强光灯）.adj (-ier, -iest)  1 not clear because of fog; very misty 有雾的; 雾气蒙蒙的: foggy weather 有雾的天气 * a foggy day 雾天.  2 obscure; confused; vague 模糊的; 混乱的; 朦胧的: His ideas on this subject are a bit foggy. 他对这个问题的看法有些模糊.  3 (idm 习语) not have the faintest/foggiest => tfaint1./ˈfəʊgɪ; `foˇɪ/ n (pl -ies or ~s) person with old-fashioned ideas which he is unwilling to change 老顽固: Come to the disco and stop being such an old fogey! 来参加迪斯科舞会吧! 别再当老顽固了!/ˈfɔɪbl; `fɔɪbl/ n small, usu harmless, peculiarity or weakness in a person's character （性格上的）小缺点, 怪癖（通常为无伤大雅的）: We all have our little foibles. 我们人人都有些小缺点./fɔɪl; fɔɪl/ n  1 [U] metal rolled or hammered into a very thin flexible sheet 箔: tin, aluminium foil, ie such as is wrapped round bars of chocolate 锡纸、铝箔（如包装巧克力的）.  2 [C] person or thing that contrasts with, and so emphasizes, the qualities of another 陪衬; 衬托: Her sparkling jewellery served as the perfect foil for her fine complexion. 她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰, 更显得容貌姣好.

/fɔɪl; fɔɪl/ v [Tn] prevent (sb) from carrying out a plan; prevent (a plan, etc) from succeeding; thwart; frustrate 阻止（某人）执行计画; 阻挠（计画等）; 挫败: He was foiled in his attempt to deceive us/His attempt to deceive us was foiled. 他企图欺骗我们, 但没有得逞.

/fɔɪl; fɔɪl/ n long thin light sword with a protective button on the point, used in fencing (fence2) （击剑运动的）钝头剑. =>illus at fencing (fence) 见fencing插图. Cf 参看 epee, sabre./fɔɪst; fɔɪst/ v (phr v) foist sth on sb force sb into accepting sth not wanted 迫使某人接受不想要的事物: He's religious but he doesn't try to foist his beliefs on everyone. 他是教徒, 但他不想把自己的信仰强加于人./fəʊld; fold/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) bend or turn sth so that one part of it lies on another; close or flatten sth by pressing two parts of it together 摺叠; 摺叠收拢: fold clothes (up) neatly 把衣服叠整齐 * a folded newspaper 摺叠起来的报纸 * The bird folded its wings. 那鸟收起了翅膀. * Fold the letter (in two) before putting it in the envelope. 把信（对）摺起来再装入信封. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) be able to be bent for storage, easy carrying, etc 能够摺叠（以便储存、携带等）: This garden table folds (up) flat. 这张庭园茶点桌可以摺叠成平的. * a folding chair, bed, bicycle, etc 能摺叠的椅子、床、自行车等. =>illus 见插图.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ A in B/~ B around A cover or wrap sth in sth 将某物用另物遮住或包住: Fold this glass bowl in newspaper/Fold newspaper round this glass bowl. 把这个玻璃盆用报纸包好.  3 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (infml 口) (a) cease to function; stop trading 停止运行; 停业: The company folded (up) last week. 那家公司上星期倒闭了. (b) cease to be performed 停止上演: The play folded within a fortnight. 那话剧演了两个星期就停演了.  4 (idm 习语) fold one's `arms bring one's arms together and cross them over one's chest 双臂在胸前合抱. fold sb/sth in one's arms hold sb/sth closely 抱住某人[某物]: Father folded the tiny child in his arms. 父亲把小孩儿抱在怀里. fold one's `hands bring or clasp one's hands together, eg when praying 十指交叉合掌（如祈祷时）.  5 (phr v) fold (sth) away (cause sth to) become more compact for storage by folding （使某物）摺叠收拢（以便存放）: The bed folds away (into the wall). 那张床可以摺叠收拢（到墙里面去）. fold sth in; fold sth into sth (in cooking) mix one ingredient gently with another, usu with a spoon （烹饪）轻轻搅拌（通常用勺）: Fold in the beaten whites of two eggs. 加进两个打散的蛋清後搅匀. fold up collapse because of pain or great laughter （因痛苦或大笑）倒下: The boxer folded up in agony. 那拳击手痛苦地倒下了. * The comedian had the audience folding up. 那个喜剧演员逗得观众笑得前仰後合.

n  1 part of sth, esp fabric, that is folded or hangs as if folded 摺叠的部分; （尤指）褶: a dress hanging in loose folds 有宽松褶的连衣裙.  2 mark or line made by folding; crease 摺痕; 摺线.  3 hollow among hills or mountains 山坳; 山谷; 山窝.  4 (geology 地质) bend in the line of rocks below the earth's surface that has been caused by movements in the earth's crust 褶皱.

/fəʊld; fold/ n  1 [C] area in a field surrounded by a fence or wall where sheep are kept for safety 羊栏.  2 the fold [sing] group of people with the same (usu religious) beliefs 具有同一信仰（通常为宗教信仰）的人们.  3 (idm 习语) return to the fold => return1.adj that can be folded up or away for storage; collapsible 可摺叠的: a foldaway bed 摺叠床./ˈfəʊldə(r); `foldɚ/ n cover for holding loose papers, etc, made of stiff material, esp cardboard, folded together 文件夹; 纸夹./ˈfəʊlɪɪdʒ; `folɪɪdʒ/ n [U] (all the) leaves of a tree or plant; leaves with their stems and branches 植物的叶子（总称）; 叶子及梗和枝: a mass of green foliage 茂密的绿叶 * My flower arrangement needs more foliage. 我的插花作品还得多要些枝叶./ˈfəʊlɪəʊ; `folɪˌo/ n (pl ~s)  1 (a) [C] large sheet of paper folded once, making two leaves or four pages of a book 对摺纸; 对开纸. (b) [C] book made of sheets folded in this way 对开本的书: We have several early folios for sale. 我们有几本早期的对开本书出售. (c) [U] largest size and format for a book 书的最大开本: drawings published in folio 以对开纸出版的画 * [attrib 作定语] a folio volume 一册对开本的书.  2 [C] (a) sheet of paper numbered on one side only 只在一面有页码的纸. (b) page number of a book 书的页码./fəʊk; fok/ n  1 (also esp US folks) [pl v] (a) people in general 人们: Some old folk(s) have peculiar tastes. 有些老人有特殊的爱好. * (sometimes used when talking to people in a friendly way 有时用于对人亲切谈话中) Well, folks, what are we going to do today? 喂, 各位, 今天咱们干什么? (b) people from a particular (part of a) country, or associated with a particular way of life 某一国家（的地区）的人们; 与某种生活方式有关的人们: country folk 乡下人 * townsfolk 城里人 * farming folk 从事农业劳动的人.  2 folks [pl] (infml 口) (a) members of one's own family; relatives 家属; 亲戚: How are your folks? 你家里人好吗? (b) (esp US) parents 父母: Have you ever met my folks? 你见过我父母吗?  3 [attrib 作定语] = folk-music: a folk concert 民间音乐会.n (music for a) traditional dance of a community or country 民间舞（曲）; 土风舞（曲）.ns music or song in the traditional style of a country 民间音乐; 民谣; 民歌.n popular story passed on in spoken form from one generation to the next 民间故事; 民间传说.n [U] (study of the) traditions, stories, customs, etc of a community 民间传统; 民间故事; 民俗; 民俗学. /ˈfəʊklɔːrɪst; `fokˌlɔrɪst/ n person who studies folklore, esp as an academic subject 民俗学研究者./ˈfəʊksɪ; `foksɪ/ adj (infml 口) simple in manners and customs; friendly and sociable; typical of ordinary people 朴实的; 亲切热情的; 平凡的.abbr 缩写 = following./ˈfɒləʊ; `fɑlo/ v  1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) (cause sth to) come, go or take place after (sb/sth else) (in space, time or order) （使某事物）（在空间、时间或顺序上）在（他人[他事物]）之後, 来、去或发生; 跟随; 跟着: The duckling followed its mother everywhere. 小鸭子跟着鸭妈妈到处走. * You go first and I'll follow (on) later. 你先走, 我随後就到. * Monday follows Sunday. 星期一在星期日之後. * One misfortune followed another. 不幸的事情一件接着一件. * The lightning was quickly followed by/with heavy thunder.闪电过後紧接着是响雷. * You should follow your treatment with plenty of rest in bed. 你应该在治疗之後好好卧床休息. (b) [Tn] go after (sb) in order to catch him; chase 追捕（某人）; 追逐: The police were following him. 警察正在追捕他.  2 [Tn] go along (a road, path, etc) 沿着（道路等）而行: Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. 沿着这条路走到拐角处, 然後向左转.  3 [Tn] (a) act according to (sth) 按照（某事物）去做; 听从; 采用: follow the instructions 按指示办事 * follow sb's advice 听从某人的劝告. (b) accept (sb/sth) as a guide, leader or example; copy 把（某人[某事物]）当作指导、领导、榜样; 仿效: follow the latest fashions 赶时髦 * follow the teachings of Muhammad 遵照穆罕默德的教诲.  4 [Tn] carry on (sth) as one's particular job or trade; pursue 经营（某事物）; 从事: follow a legalcareer 从事法律工作.  5 [I, Tn] understand (the explanation or meaning of sth); understand (the plot of a story) 明白（对某事物的解释或意思）; 明白（故事的情节）: I don't follow. 我不明白. * I couldn't follow his argument at all. 我根本不明白他的论点.  6 [Tn] pay close attention to (sth); watch or listen very closely 密切注意（某事物）; 注视; 倾听: The President's wife follows his every word. 总统夫人总是注意听他说的话. * The cat followed the mouse's movements carefully. 那只猫紧盯着老鼠的动向.  7 [Tn] take an active interest in (sth) 对（某事物）产生浓厚的兴趣: Have you been following the basketball tournament? 你一直都在看篮球锦标赛吗? * Millions of fans follow the TV soap operas devotedly. 千百万观众非常着迷地收看这部电视连续剧.  8 [Tn] read (a text) while listening to the same text being spoken by sb else; read (a musical score) while listening to the music being performed 边听别人朗读边跟着阅读（文字）; 边听正在演奏的乐曲边跟着读（乐谱）: Follow the text while I read it out to you. 看着课文, 听我给你朗读.  9 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (on) (from sth) result from sth; happen as a consequence 由某事物引起; 随之发生: Inevitably, a quarrel followed between the two sides. 双方随後不可避免地争吵起来. * Disease often follows (on from) starvation because the body is weakened. 疾病的产生往往是由于饥饿的缘故, 这是因身体虚弱所致. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) happen as a necessary and logical consequence 必然发生: I don't see how that follows (from what you've said). （从你的话来看）, 我不明白怎么会产生这样的结果. * If a = b and b = c it follows that a = c. 设a = b, b = c, 则a = c. * She's not in the office but it doesn't necessarily follow that she's ill. 她不在办公室, 并不见得就是病了.  10 [Tn] develop or happen in (a particular way) 按（某一方式）发展或发生: His speech followed the usual pattern. 他按照通常的方式讲话.  11 (idm 习语) as follows (used to introduce a list) 用以列举事项: The main events were as follows: first, the president's speech, secondly the secretary's reply and thirdly, the chairman's summing-up. 主要活动如下: 第一项, 总裁讲话; 第二项, 秘书做解答; 第三项, 主席做总结. follow one's (own) `bent do what one is interested in and enjoys doing 做自己感兴趣的事; 随心所欲. follow the `crowd be content to do what most people do 随大溜: Not wanting to make my controversial views known yet, I preferred to follow the crowd for a while. 我还不想公开我那些会引起争论的观点, 宁可暂且随大溜. follow sb's example/lead do as sb else has done; accept and follow sb else's decision 仿效他人的做法[按照他人的决定行事]: I don't want you to follow my example and rush into marriage. 我不希望你效法我,也仓促结婚. follow (the) hounds hunt foxes with a pack of hounds 带着一群猎犬去猎狐. follow in sb's`footsteps do as sb else does; follow a similar occupation or life-style as sb else 效法他人; 从事与他人同样的职业或采取相同的生活方式: She works in theatre, following in her father's footsteps. 她继承父业, 也从事戏剧工作. follow one's (own) `nose (a) go straight forward 一直往前走: The police station is a mile ahead up the hill  just follow your nose. 警察局在前面一英里处的山坡上--一直往前走就行了. (b) act instinctively凭本能或直觉行事; 凭直觉行事: Since you don't know the language I can only suggest that you follow your nose. 你既然不会这门语言, 我只能建议你见机行事. follow `suit act or behave in the way that sb else has just done 照别人的方式去做; 学样: One of the major banks has lowered its interest rates and the other banks are expected to follow suit. 有一家大银行已降低了利率, 其他银行也准会照样做的. to follow (in a restaurant, etc) as the next course of a meal （在餐馆等）作为下一道菜: To follow, we'll have peaches and cream, please. 下一道, 请来个奶油蜜桃.  12 (phr v) follow on (of a side in cricket) bat again immediately after failing to get the necessary number of runs in the first innings （板球的一方）在第一局中得分不足後立即继续击球. follow through (in tennis, golf, etc) complete a stroke by continuing to move the racket, club, etc after hitting the ball （网球、高尔夫球等）击球後使球拍、球棒等完成顺势动作. follow sth through carry out or continue sth to the end; complete sth 将某事物进行到底; 完成某事物: Starting projects is one thing, following them through is another. 着手进行某项目是一回事, 而将之进行到底则是另一回事. follow sth up (a) take further action on sth; develop or exploit sth 对某事物采取进一步行动; 发展或利用某事物: You should follow up your letter with a phone call. 你应该写完信以後再跟着打个电话. (b) investigate sth closely 深入调查某事物: follow up a lead, clue, rumour 顺着头绪、线索、谣传进行调查.n (in cricket) second innings of a team immediately following its first innings （板球中）一队于第一局结束後紧接着举行的第二局.n (in tennis, golf, etc) final part of a stroke after the ball has been hit （网球、高尔夫球等）击球後的顺势动作.n something done to continue or exploit what has already been started or done （对已开始或已完成的事物所做的）後续工作: As a follow-up to the television series the BBC is publishing a book. 英国广播公司在播放那部电视连续剧以後, 即将出版一部有关的书.n person who follows; supporter of a particular person, cause or belief 追随者; 拥护者; 信徒: He's a follower, not a leader. 他是追随者, 不是领导者. * the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者./ˈfɒləʊɪŋ; `fɑloɪŋ/ adj  1 next in time 接着的: It rained on the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny. 我们到达的那天正下雨, 但次日天气晴朗.  2 about to be mentioned 下述的: Answer the following question(s). 回答下列问题.

n  1 [sing] group of supporters 一批支持者或拥护者: Our party has a large following in the south. 我党在南方有一大批拥护者.  2 the following [sing or pl v] what follows or comes next 下列; 如下: The following is of the greatest importance. 下面一点最为重要. * The following are extracts from the original article. 下面是原文的节选.

prep after (sth); as a result of 在（某事物）之後; 由于: demonstrations following the murder of the union leader 继工会领袖遭谋杀後引发的示威游行./ˈfɒlɪ; `fɑlɪ/ n  1 [U] ~ (to do sth) foolishness; lack of wisdom 愚蠢; 愚笨: an act of folly 愚蠢之举 * It's utter folly to go swimming in this cold weather. 这么冷的天气还去游泳, 真是蠢透了.  2 [C] foolish or unwise act, idea or practice 愚蠢的行为、思想或做法: You'll pay later for your follies. 你以後要为你的愚蠢行动付出 代价的.  3 [C] very expensive ornamental building that serves no practical purpose 华而不实的建筑./fəʊˈment; fo`mɛnt/ v [Tn]  1 arouse or increase (trouble or discontent) 引起或增加（麻烦或不满）: foment discord, ill feeling, civil disorder, etc 引起不和、恶感、内乱等.  2 apply warmth and moisture to (a part of the body) to lessen pain or discomfort 热敷, 热罨（身体某部）./ˌfəʊmenˈteɪʃn; ˌfomɛn`teʃən/ n  1 [U] act of fomenting 热敷.  2 [C] thing used for fomenting 热敷物; 热罨剂./fɒnd; fɑnd/ adj (-er, -est)  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) kind and loving; affectionate 慈爱的; 深情的: a fond look, gesture, embrace, etc 充满深情的目光、手势、拥抱等 * fond eyes 慈爱的目光. (b) foolishly loving; indulgent or doting 痴爱的; 溺爱的: spoilt by fond parents 被父母溺爱而惯坏的.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/(doing) sth having a great liking for sb/(doing) sth 喜爱某人[（做）某事物]: I've always been very fond of you. 我一向非常喜欢你. * fond of music, cooking, going to parties 喜爱音乐、烹调、参加聚会 * John's extremely fond of pointing out other people's mistakes, ie He enjoys doing this constantly. 约翰特别喜欢挑剔别人的毛病.  3 [attrib 作定语] (of wishes or ambitions) hoped for, but not likely to be met or to come true; foolishly held （指愿望或抱负）不大可能实现的, 想入非非的: fond hopes of success 对于成功的美梦./ˈfɒndənt; `fɑndənt/ n [U, C] soft sweet made of flavoured sugar that melts in the mouth 一种软糖./ˈfɒndl; `fɑndl/ v [Tn] touch or stroke (sb/sth) gently and lovingly; caress 爱抚, 抚弄（某人[某事物]）; 抚摸: fondle a baby, doll, kitten 抚弄婴儿、娃娃、小猫.adv  1 lovingly; gently 亲爱地; 温柔地: He held her hand fondly. 他温柔地握着她的手.  2 in a foolishly optimistic way; navely 盲目乐观地; 天真地: I fondly imagined that you cared. 我天真地以为你很在乎呢.n [U] ~ (for sb/sth) liking and affection 喜爱; 深情: his fondness for his eldest grandchild 他对长孙的锺爱./ˈfɒndjuː; `fɑndu/ n [C, U]  1 dish of melted cheese, mixed with wine and flavourings, into which pieces of bread are dipped （蘸面包片用的）融化的乾酪（混以酒和调料）.  2 dish of hot oil or sauce into which pieces of meat, seafood, etc are dipped （蘸肉、海鲜等用的）热油或沙司: fish fondue 蘸鱼用的汁./fɒnt; fɑnt/ n  1 basin or vessel in a church, usu carved from stone, to hold water for baptisms; basin for holy water （教堂用的）洗礼盆, 圣水盆（通常为石雕的）.  2 = fount./fuːd; fud/ n  1 (a) [U] any substance that people or animals eat or drink or plants take in to maintain life and growth （人或动物所需的）食物, 饮料; （植物所需的）养料: a shortage of food in some countries 有些国家的食物短缺. (b) [U] solid substance of this sort 固体食物: We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久.  2 [C] specific kind of food 食品: breakfast food 早餐食品 * baby, health foods 婴儿、保健食品 * frozen, processed foods 冷冻的、加工的食品.  3 (idm 习语) food for `thought something to think about seriously 需要认真考虑的事.(also dated 旧作 ptomaine poisoning) illness of the stomach caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria 食物中毒.electrical appliance that mixes, slices or chops food 食品加工器.nutritional power of food, usu measured in vitamins, minerals, etc 食物营养价值（通常以含有的维生素、矿物质等来衡量）: Most sweet things don't have much food value. 大多数甜食都没有什么营养价值.n series of living beings arranged so that each being feeds on the one below it in the series 食物链.n any substance used as food 食物; 食品: essential foodstuffs 基本食物./fuːl; ful/ n  1 (derog 贬) person who acts unwisely; person lacking in good sense or judgement; idiot 蠢人; 傻瓜; 白痴: What fools we were not to see the trap! 我们没有看出那是个陷阱, 多么傻呀! * And I was fool enough (ie so stupid as) to believe him. 而我却相信他, 真够傻的了.  2 (formerly) man employed by a king, noble, etc to amuse others with jokes and tricks; clown or jester （旧时）（国王或贵族豢养的）小丑, 弄臣.  3 (idm 习语) act/play the fool behave irresponsibly or so as to amuse (and perhaps annoy) others 瞎胡闹; 逗乐; （有时指）把人惹恼. be a fool for one's `pains do sth for which one gets no reward or thanks 做费力不讨好的事. be ,no `fool; be ,nobody's `fool be a wise and clever person; not be easily deceived 为人精明; 不易上当. a ,fool and his ,money are ,soon `parted (saying 谚) a foolish person spends, or can be tricked into spending, all his money 傻瓜存不住钱. (be sent/go on) a `fool's errand (be sent/go on) a senseless or an unprofitable mission （被派去干[干]）徒劳无功的或白费力气的差事. (be/live in) a fool's `paradise (be/live in) a state of (false) happiness that cannot last （处于[生活在]不能持久的）（虚幻的）乐境. make a `fool of oneself/sb behave foolishly/trick sb into behaving foolishly 使（自己[某人]）出丑. (the) ,more fool `sb (used as an exclamation 用作感叹语) the person specified is especially unwise for behaving in the way he does 蠢极了. (there is) ,no fool like an `old fool (saying 谚) the foolish behaviour of an older person seems even more foolish because he is expected to act more sensibly than a younger person 最傻的是老傻瓜. not/never suffer fools gladly => suffer.

v  1 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) behave stupidly or foolishly 干蠢事: Stop fooling about with that knife or someone will get hurt. 不要摆弄那把刀, 会伤人的. (b) [I] tease or joke; pretend 逗弄; 开玩笑: I was only fooling when I said I'd lost your keys. 我说把你的钥匙丢了, 只是逗你玩的.  2 [Tn] trick or deceive (sb) 哄骗, 欺骗（某人）: You can't/don't fool me! 你休想[别]骗我!  3 (phr v) fool about/around waste time; be idle 虚度光阴; 胡混: I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day. 星期日我本应工作的, 但却闲混了一整天.

/fuːl; ful/ n [C, U] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) cold light pudding of crushed cooked fruit mixed with cream or custard 一种用奶油或蛋奶沙司拌熟水果泥制成的凉布丁: rhubarb fool 大黄茎凉点心./ˈfuːlərɪ; `fulərɪ/ n [U, C] foolish behaviour 愚蠢的行为.n [U]./ˈfuːlhɑːdɪ; `fulˌhɑrdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) foolishly bold or rash; reckless 胆大妄为的; 有勇无谋的; 鲁莽的: It was foolhardy (of him) to go swimming alone. （他）独自一人去游泳真是鲁莽. /ˈfuːlɪʃ; `fulɪʃ/ adj  1 (a) (of people) lacking good sense or judgement; silly 愚蠢的; 傻的: She's a foolish interfering old woman! 她是个瞎管闲事的老太太! * And I was foolish enough to believe him! 我真傻, 竟相信了他! * It would be foolish (of us) to pretend that the accident never happened. 要是装成没发生事故的样子, 那（我们）就太愚蠢了. (b) (of actions, statements, etc) showing a lack of good sense or judgement; unwise or stupid （指行为、言论等）缺乏头脑的, 欠妥的, 不明智的, 愚蠢的: a foolish decision, comment, reply, etc 不明智的决定、议论、答覆等.  2 [usu pred 通常作表语] made to feel or look ridiculous and embarrassed; stupid 感到或显得荒唐而难堪; 愚蠢: I felt very foolish having to stand up and give a speech. 我必须站起来讲话, 感到很难为情. * He's afraid of looking foolish in front of all his friends.他怕在所有朋友面前出洋相.  3 (idm 习语) penny wise pound foolish => penny. adv. n [U]./ˈfuːlpruːf; `ful`pruf/ adj  1 not capable of going wrong or of being misunderstood; very plain and simple 不会错的; 不会引起误解的; 非常简单明了的: a foolproof method, plan, scheme, etc 万无一失的方法、计画、方案等.  2 not capable of going wrong or of being used wrongly; reliable and easy to operate 不会做错的; 不会用错的; 可靠而操作简便的: a foolproof security system 可靠的安全系统./ˈfuːlskp; `fulˌskæp/ n [U] large size of writing or printing paper, about 330  200 (or 400) mm 大页纸（约为330  200或400mm大小）./fʊt; fᴜt/ n (pl feet/ fi:t; fit/)  1 [C] lowest part of the leg, below the ankle, on which a person or animal stands 脚; 足: He rose to his feet, ie stood up. 他站起身来. * walking round the house in bare feet, ie not wearing socks, shoes, etc 光脚围着房子走 * [attrib 作定语] a foot switch, brake, pump, etc, ie operated by one's foot, not one's hand 脚踏开关、脚煞车、脚踏泵. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part of a sock, stocking, etc that covers the foot （袜子等的）足部.  3 [C] (pl feet or, in informal use and attributively, 用于口语或作定语时, 亦作 foot) (abbr 缩写 ft) measure of length: 12 inches （长度单位）英尺（12英寸）: We're flying at 35000 feet. 我们飞行的高度是35000英尺. * `How tall are you?'`Five foot nine', ie five feet and nine inches. ｀你身高多少?＇｀五英尺九英寸.＇ * [attrib 作定语] a 6-foot high wall 6英尺高的墙. =>App 4,5 见附录4、5.  4 [sing] the ~ of sth (a) the lowest part of sth; base or bottom of sth （某物的）最下部, 底部: at the foot of the stairs 在楼梯底部 * They camped at the foot of the mountain. 他们在山脚下露营. * at the foot of the page 在该页的下端. (b) the lower end of a bed or grave 床或坟墓的尾端: Spare blankets lay at the foot of each bed. 每张床的尾端放有备用毛毯.  5 [U] (arch 古) manner of walking or moving 步态: light/swift/fleet of foot 步履轻盈[敏捷/如飞].  6 [C] unit of rhythm in a line of poetry containing one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables, as in the four divisions of For `men/ may `come/ and `men/ may `go 音步（诗行中的节奏单位, 一个音步包括一个重读音节和一个或几个非重读音节, 如以下为四个音步: For `men/ may `come/ and `men/ may `go.  7 (idm 习语) be on one's `feet be standing 站着: I've been on my feet all day. 我站了一整天. bind/tie sb hand and foot => hand1. the boot is on the other foot => boot. catch sb on the wrong foot => catch1. cut the ground from under sb's feet => ground1. drag one's feet/heels => drag2. fall/land on one's `feet make a quick recovery after an illness, a business failure, etc, esp through good luck （病後、事业失败後等）迅速恢复（尤指侥幸）. find one's feet => find. from head to foot/toe => head1. get/have a foot in the door gain/have a first introduction to a profession, an organization, etc 初入一行业、机构等: It's difficult to get a foot in the door of publishing. 加入出版界是很难的. get/have cold feet => cold1. have feet of `clay have some basic weakness or fault 有某种根本的弱点或错误. have the ball at one's feet => ball1. have, etc one's/both feet on the `ground be sensible, realistic and practical 脚踏实地; 实事求是. have a foot in both `camps have an interest in two different parties or sides, without a commitment to either 脚踩两只船. have one foot in the grave be so old or ill that one is not likely to live much longer 一只脚已踏进坟墓; 行将就木; 死期不远. have two left feet => left2. in one's stocking feet => stocking. itchy feet => itchy (itch). keep one's `feet keep one's balance, esp on a slippery surface; not fall 站稳脚跟（尤指在很滑的表面上）; 不跌倒. let the grass grow under one's feet => grass1. my `foot! (used to express scornful rejection of what sb has just said 用于对某人刚说过的话表示轻蔑的驳斥) nonsense! rubbish!胡说八道! 没这回事! on one's `feet completely recovered from an illness or a set-back （患病或遭受挫折後）完全复原: After his wife's death it took him two years to get back on his feet. 他妻子死後两年, 他才振作起来. * Only our party's policies will put the country on its feet again. 只有我们党的政策才会使国家恢复元气. on foot walking, rather than using any form of transport 步行: We're going on foot, not by car. 我们走着去, 不坐汽车. the patter of tiny feet => patter2. pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. put one's best foot forward => best1. put one's `feet up rest or relax in a chair or on a bed (esp, though not necessarily, with one's feet supported) 在椅子上或床上休息（尤指脚部垫起）. put one's `foot down be very firm in opposing sth which sb wishes to do 坚决反对某人想做的事: Mother let us go to the party, but when it came to staying overnight, she put her foot down firmly. 母亲允许我们去参加晚会, 但要说到过夜, 她可决不答应. put one's `foot in it say or do sth that upsets, offends or embarrasses sb 说的话或做的事使人烦恼、得罪人或令人难堪. put a foot wrong (esp in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) make a mistake 做错事; 出错; 犯错: I've never known him to put a foot wrong, no matter how delicate the issue. 不论问题多么棘手, 我从没见他出过错. rush/run sb (clean) off his `feet make sb work very hard or move about a lot, so making him exhausted 把某人累坏了; 使某人疲于奔命: Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet. 圣诞节前店员忙得不可开交. set foot in/on sth enter or visit (a place); arrive 进入或参观（某地）; 到达: the first man to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的人 * Don't ever set foot in this house again! 永远别再进这个门! set sb/sth on his/its `feet make sb/sth independent 使某人[某事物]独立. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. sit at sb's feet => sit. stand on one's own (two) feet be independent and able to take care of oneself 独立自主; 自立: Now that you're growing up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人, 就得学会独立生活. start off on the right/wrong foot => rtstart2. sweep sb off his feet => sweep1. take the weight off one's feet => weight. ten feet tall pleased with and proud of oneself 沾沾自喜; 自鸣得意: be/feel/look/seem ten feet tall 表现出[感到/显得/似乎]得意扬扬. under one's `feet disturbing one and being a nuisance 碍手碍脚; 讨厌: The children are under my feet all day. 孩子们整天烦我. wait on sb hand and foot => wait1. walk sb off his feet => walk1.

/fʊt; fᴜt/ v (idm 习语) foot the `bill (for sth) be responsible for paying the cost of sth 负责缴付费用; 付帐: Who's going to foot the bill for all the repairs? 谁来付所有的修理费? `foot it (infml 口) walk; not travel by bus, etc 步行.

/fʊt; fᴜt/ n (pl feet / fi:t; fit/)  1 [C] lowest part of the leg, below the ankle, on which a person or animal stands 脚; 足: He rose to his feet, ie stood up. 他站起身来. * walking round the house in bare feet, ie not wearing socks, shoes, etc 光脚围着房子走 * [attrib 作定语] a foot switch, brake, pump, etc, ie operated by one's foot, not one's hand 脚踏开关、脚煞车、脚踏泵. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part of a sock, stocking, etc that covers the foot （袜子等的）足部.  3 [C] (pl feet or, in informal use and attributively, 用于口语或作定语时, 亦作 foot) (abbr 缩写 ft) measure of length: 12 inches （长度单位）英尺（12英寸）: We're flying at 35000 feet. 我们飞行的高度是35000英尺. * `How tall are you?'`Five foot nine', ie five feet and nine inches. ｀你身高多少?＇｀五英尺九英寸.＇ * [attrib 作定语] a 6-foot high wall 6英尺高的墙. =>App 4,5 见附录4、5.  4 [sing] the ~ of sth (a) the lowest part of sth; base or bottom of sth （某物的）最下部, 底部: at the foot of the stairs 在楼梯底部 * They camped at the foot of the mountain. 他们在山脚下露营. * at the foot of the page 在该页的下端. (b) the lower end of a bed or grave 床或坟墓的尾端: Spare blankets lay at the foot of each bed. 每张床的尾端放有备用毛毯.  5 [U] (arch 古) manner of walking or moving 步态: light/swift/fleet of foot 步履轻盈[敏捷/如飞].  6 [C] unit of rhythm in a line of poetry containing one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables, as in the four divisions of For `men/ may `come/ and `men/ may `go 音步（诗行中的节奏单位, 一个音步包括一个重读音节和一个或几个非重读音节, 如以下为四个音步: For `men/ may `come/ and `men/ may `go.  7 (idm 习语) be on one's `feet be standing 站着: I've been on my feet all day. 我站了一整天. bind/tie sb hand and foot => hand1. the boot is on the other foot => boot. catch sb on the wrong foot => catch1. cut the ground from under sb's feet => ground1. drag one's feet/heels => drag2. fall/land on one's `feet make a quick recovery after an illness, a business failure, etc, esp through good luck （病後、事业失败後等）迅速恢复（尤指侥幸）. find one's feet => find. from head to foot/toe => head1. get/have a foot in the door gain/have a first introduction to a profession, an organization, etc 初入一行业、机构等: It's difficult to get a foot in the door of publishing. 加入出版界是很难的. get/have cold feet => cold1. have feet of `clay have some basic weakness or fault 有某种根本的弱点或错误. have the ball at one's feet => ball1. have, etc one's/both feet on the `ground be sensible, realistic and practical 脚踏实地; 实事求是. have a foot in both `camps have an interest in two different parties or sides, without a commitment to either 脚踩两只船. have one foot in the grave be so old or ill that one is not likely to live much longer 一只脚已踏进坟墓; 行将就木; 死期不远. have two left feet => left2. in one's stocking feet => stocking. itchy feet => itchy (itch). keep one's `feet keep one's balance, esp on a slippery surface; not fall 站稳脚跟（尤指在很滑的表面上）; 不跌倒. let the grass grow under one's feet => grass1. my `foot! (used to express scornful rejection of what sb has just said 用于对某人刚说过的话表示轻蔑的驳斥) nonsense! rubbish!胡说八道! 没这回事! on one's `feet completely recovered from an illness or a set-back （患病或遭受挫折後）完全复原: After his wife's death it took him two years to get back on his feet. 他妻子死後两年, 他才振作起来. * Only our party's policies will put the country on its feet again. 只有我们党的政策才会使国家恢复元气. on foot walking, rather than using any form of transport 步行: We're going on foot, not by car. 我们走着去, 不坐汽车. the patter of tiny feet => patter2. pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. put one's best foot forward => best1. put one's `feet up rest or relax in a chair or on a bed (esp, though not necessarily, with one's feet supported) 在椅子上或床上休息（尤指脚部垫起）. put one's `foot down be very firm in opposing sth which sb wishes to do 坚决反对某人想做的事: Mother let us go to the party, but when it came to staying overnight, she put her foot down firmly. 母亲允许我们去参加晚会, 但要说到过夜, 她可决不答应. put one's `foot in it say or do sth that upsets, offends or embarrasses sb 说的话或做的事使人烦恼、得罪人或令人难堪. put a foot wrong (esp in negative sentences 尤用于否定句) make a mistake 做错事; 出错; 犯错: I've never known him to put a foot wrong, no matter how delicate the issue. 不论问题多么棘手, 我从没见他出过错. rush/run sb (clean) off his `feet make sb work very hard or move about a lot, so making him exhausted 把某人累坏了; 使某人疲于奔命: Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet. 圣诞节前店员忙得不可开交. set foot in/on sth enter or visit (a place); arrive 进入或参观（某地）; 到达: the first man to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的人 * Don't ever set foot in this house again! 永远别再进这个门! set sb/sth on his/its `feet make sb/sth independent 使某人[某事物]独立. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. sit at sb's feet => sit. stand on one's own (two) feet be independent and able to take care of oneself 独立自主; 自立: Now that you're growing up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人, 就得学会独立生活. start off on the right/wrong foot => rtstart2. sweep sb off his feet => sweep1. take the weight off one's feet => weight. ten feet tall pleased with and proud of oneself 沾沾自喜; 自鸣得意: be/feel/look/seem ten feet tall 表现出[感到/显得/似乎]得意扬扬. under one's `feet disturbing one and being a nuisance 碍手碍脚; 讨厌: The children are under my feet all day. 孩子们整天烦我. wait on sb hand and foot => wait1. walk sb off his feet => walk1.

/fʊt; fᴜt/ v (idm 习语) foot the `bill (for sth) be responsible for paying the cost of sth 负责缴付费用; 付帐: Who's going to foot the bill for all the repairs? 谁来付所有的修理费? `foot it (infml 口) walk; not travel by bus, etc 步行.(disease) n [U] disease of cattle, etc which causes blisters on the mouth and feet （牛、羊等的）口蹄疫.n [U] disease of cattle, etc which causes blisters on the mouth and feet （牛、羊等的）口蹄疫.n narrow bridge for the use of people who are walking 步行桥; 人行桥.n (in tennis) act of breaking the rules by placing one's feet inside the back line when serving （网球）脚部违例, 脚部犯规（发球踏线犯规）.v (-gg-) [I] (infml 口) walk for a long distance and so become very tired 因长途跋涉而步履维艰./ˈfʊtɪdʒ; `fᴜtɪdʒ/ n [U]  1 length or distance measured in feet 以英尺量度的长度或距离.  2 length of film made for the cinema or TV （电影或电视的）片段: The film contained some old newsreel footage. 这部影片中有些旧新闻片的镜头.n (a) [C] large round or oval inflated ball, usu of leather 足球; 橄榄球. (b) [U] any of several outdoor games between two teams, played with such a ball 足球运动; 橄榄球运动. (c) [U] (Brit) = association football (association). =>App 4 见附录4. footballer n person who plays football, esp as a profession 足球运动员（尤指职业的）. `football pools (also the pools) form of gambling in which sb tries to forecast the results of football matches 足球赛赌博.n sound of sb walking; sound of a footstep 脚步声.n [C usu pl 通常作复数] hill or low mountain at the base of a higher mountain or range of mountains 山麓小丘.n  1 place where one's foot can be supported securely when climbing 立足处（攀登时脚踩的地方）.  2 secure position in a business, profession, etc from which further progress may be made （在事业等方面可以进一步发展的）稳固地位: gain a firm foothold in the industry 在这一企业中取得稳固地位./ˈfʊtɪŋ; `fᴜtɪŋ/ n [sing]  1 secure grip with the feet; balance 站稳; 平衡: He lost his footing on the wet floor and fell. 他在潮湿的地板上失去平衡而跌倒了.  2 basis on which sth is established 基础: This enterprise is now on a firm footing and should soon show profits. 现在这家企业基础稳固, 很快就会赢利. * The army were put on a war footing, ie were prepared for war. 这支军队是战时的编制（为战争作好准备）.  3 position or status of sb/sth in relation to others; relationship 某人[某事物]与他人或其他事物相关的地位; 关系: The workers want to be on an equal footing with/on the same footing as the managers. 工人要求与经理地位平等./ˈfuːtl; `futl/ v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (infml 口) spend time aimlessly; do nothing in particular 虚度光阴; 闲混: footle about all day 整天瞎混.n [pl] row of lights along the front of the stage in a theatre 脚灯（舞台前面的一排灯）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix./ˈfuːtlɪŋ; `fᴜtlɪŋ/ adj unimportant; trivial 无足轻重的; 琐碎的: footling little jobs 鸡毛蒜皮的活儿.adj (idm 习语) footloose and fancy-free without personal responsibilities or commitments; free to act as one pleases 无拘无束的; 自由自在的./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) male servant, usu in uniform, who admits visitors, serves food at table, etc （负责迎客、上菜等的）男仆（通常穿制服）.n = footprint.n additional piece of information at the bottom of a page in a book 脚注（列在一页末了的附注）. =>App 3 见附录3.n = path 1.n metal platform on which the driver and fireman stand in a locomotive （机车上供司机和司炉站立的金属制的）平台.n [C usu pl 通常作复数] impression of a human or an animal foot on a surface; mark left by a foot 脚印; 足迹: leave footprints in the snow 在雪地上留下足迹 * muddy footprints on the kitchen floor 厨房地板上的泥脚印./ˈfʊtsɪ; `fᴜtsɪ/ n (idm 习语) play footsie with sb (infml 口) touch sb's feet lightly with one's own feet, esp under a table, as a playful expression of affection or to arouse sexual interest 用脚轻碰某人的脚（尤指在桌下以示喜爱或用以调情）.adj having sore or tired feet, esp from walking a long way 脚疼的, 脚酸的（尤指因走长路而引起的）: footsore travellers 走疼了脚的旅行者.n [C]  1 (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) sound or mark of a step taken when walking 脚步声; 足迹: I heard his footsteps in the hall 我听见大厅里有他的脚步声. (b) (distance covered by a) step taken when walking 脚步; 一步的距离.  2 (idm 习语) follow in one's/sb's footsteps => follow.n low stool for resting the feet on when sitting in a chair 脚凳（坐时垫脚的矮凳）.n = footpath.n [U] anything worn on the feet, eg shoes and boots 鞋类（如鞋、靴）.n [U] (a) manner of moving or using the feet in sports such as boxing or dancing （拳击或舞蹈的）步法. (b) (fig 比喻) ability to react quickly to sudden danger, new opportunities, etc 应变能力（对突发的危险、新机遇等做出敏捷反应的能力）: Thanks to agile footwork he always managed to escape his pursuers. 他善于随机应变, 总能摆脱追踪他的人./fɒp; fɑp/ n (derog 贬) man who is too concerned with his clothes and appearance; dandy 过于注意衣着与外表的男子.adj of or like a fop （似）纨绔子弟的./fə(r); fɚ; strong form 强读式 fɔː(r); fɔr/ prep  1 (indicating the person intended to receive or benefit from sth 表示接受某事物或从某事物中受益的人): a letter for you 给你的信 * Are all these presents for me? 这些礼物都是给我的吗? * Save a piece for Mary. 给玛丽留一块吧. * Have you made a cup of tea for Mrs Watson? 你给华生太太沏茶了吗?  2 (indicating purpose or function 表示目的或功能): go for a walk 去散步 * It's a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包片的机器. * Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work? 你学英语是出于兴趣还是为了工作? * (infml 口) What did you shout at him for? ie Why did you shout at him? 你为什么朝他大声喊叫? * For sales to (ie In order that sales may) increase, we must lower our prices. 我们为了增加销售量, 必须把价格降低.  3 (indicating destination, aim or reason 表示目的地、目标或原因): depart for home 动身回家 * head for the shore 向岸边行进 * Is this the train for Glasgow? 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗? * Passengers for Oxford must change at Didcot. 前往牛津的旅客必须在迪德考特换车. * She knew she was destined for a great future. 她知道自己前程远大. * It's a book for (ie intended to be read by or to) children. 这是一本儿童读物. * a chair for visitors 来宾用的座椅 * bicycles for sale or for hire 供出售或出租的自行车.  4 in order to help or benefit (sb/sth) 有助于或有益于（某人[某事物]）: Would you please translate this letter for me? 你给我翻译这封信行吗? * What can I do for you? 您想要什么? * fighting for their country 为其国家而战 * Take some aspirin for (ie to lessen the pain caused by) your headache. 你头痛吃点阿司匹林吧. * The deputy manager ran the firm for (ie instead of) him while he was ill. 在他生病期间, 副经理代他主持公司事务.  5 as the price, reward or penalty of sth 作为对某事物的代价、报酬或惩罚: I bought a book for ￡3. 我花3英镑买了一本书. * She gave me their old TV for nothing. 她把他们的旧电视机送给我了. * He got a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章. * You can go to prison for dangerous driving. 鲁莽驾驶可导致入狱.  6 as the replacement of (sth else) 以取代（他事物）: exchange one's car for a new one 用自己的汽车换一辆新的 * Don't translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译.  7 in defence or support of (sb/sth) 保卫、支持或拥护（某人[某事物]）: Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计画是赞成还是反对? * Three cheers for the winner! 为获胜者三呼喝采! * We're petitioning for our right to keep a school in our village. 我们为在村中保留一所学校这一权利进行请愿. * I'm all for pubs being open all day. 我完全赞成酒馆整日营业.  8 (a) as a representative of (sb/sth) 代表（某人[某事物]）: I am speaking for all the workers in this firm.我代表公司全体工作人员讲话. * Who's the MP for Bradford? 谁是代表布拉德福德的下院议员? (b) meaning (sth) 意为（某事物）: What's the `S' for in A S Hornby? 在A S Hornby中的S代表哪个字? * Shaking your head for `No' is not universal. 世界上并非所有的人都用摇头来表示｀不＇.  9 (after a v 用于动词後) in order to obtain (sth) 为得到（某事物）: search for treasure 寻宝 * hope for a settlement 希望得到和解 * pray for peace 为和平祈祷 * fish for trout 钓鳟鱼 * ask the policeman for directions 向警察问路 * go to a friend for advice 向朋友请教 * There were 50 applicants for the post. 有50人申请这个职位.  10 (after an adj 用于形容词後) considering what can be expected from (sb/sth) 就（某人[某事物]）而言: It's quite warm for January. 就一月份来说, 天气相当暖和了. * She's tall for her age. 从她的年龄来看, 她个子算是高的. * He's not bad for a beginner. 就新手而论, 他已经很不错了.  11 (after a comparative adj 用于比较级的形容词之後) following (sth) 随（某事物）而来: You'll feel all the better for a good night's sleep. 你好好睡上一夜, 心情就好多了. * This room would look all the better for a spot of paint. 上一点油漆能让这房间增色不少.  12 as the equivalent of (sth); in return for (sth) 与（某事物）相对应; 作为对（某事物）的回报: There's one bad apple for every three good ones. 每四个苹果里就有一个坏的. * You get a coupon for every 3 gallons of petrol. 每买三加仑的汽油就可获得一张优惠券.  13 with regard to (sb/sth); concerning (sb/sth) 对于, 至于, 关于（某人[某事物]）: anxious for sb's safety 为某人的安全担忧 * ready for a holiday 准备好去度假 * eager for them to start 急着要他们开始 * Fortunately for us, the weather changed. 我们真好运气, 天气变了.  14 because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为, 由于（某事物）: famous for its cathedral 以大教堂而闻名 * for the following reasons 由于以下的原因 * Please take care of her for my sake. 请为了我好好照顾她. * I couldn't speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来. * He didn't answer for fear of hurting her. 他没回答是怕伤她的感情. * He gave me roses for my birthday. 他送我玫瑰花来庆贺我的生日.  15 (a) (indicating a length of time 表示一段时间): I'm going away for a few days. 我要离开几天. * He was in prison for twenty years. 他在监狱中蹲了二十年. * You said you would love me for ever. 你说过你永远爱我. (b) (indicating that sth is intended to happen at the specified time 表示某事物在所述时间要发生): a reservation for the first week in June 六月第一周的预订 * The appointment is for 12 May. 约会定在5月12日. * We're invited for 7.30. 我们接到邀请, 时间为7点30分. (c) (indicating the occasion when sth happens 表示某事物发生的场合或时机): I'm warning you for the last time  stop talking! 我最後一次警告你--不要再说话了! * I'm meeting him for the first time today. 今天我要与他初次见面.  16 (indicating a distance 表示距离): He crawled on his hands and knees for 100 metres. 他爬行了100米. * The road went on for miles and miles. 这条路很长很长.  17 (a) (used after an adj and before an/pron + infinitive 用于形容词之後和名词[代词]之前+不定式): It's impossible for me to leave my family. 我是不可能离开家的. * It's useless for us to continue. 我们继续下去是徒劳的. * (fml 文) For her to have survived such an ordeal was remarkable. 她居然能经得起这种磨难, 真了不起. * It's customary for the women to sit apart. 按习俗, 妇女要分开坐. * His greatest wish was for his daughter to take over the business. 他最大的心愿是让女儿接管公司. (b) (used after a n and before a n/pron + infinitive 用于名词之後和名词[代词]之前+不定式): no need for you to go 不需要你去 * time for us to leave 我们该动身的时间 * a rush for them to finish 他们需仓促完成. (c) (used after too + adj or adj + enough 用于too+形容词之後或形容词+enough之後): The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了, 我提不动. * Is it clear enough for you to read? 这个清楚不清楚? 你能念吗? * The coffee was too hot for her (to drink). 咖啡太烫, 她没法喝. (d) (used before a n/pron + infinitive to show purpose or design 用于名词[代词]+不定式之前, 表示目的或意图): letters for the manager to sign 需要经理签字的信件 * money for you to invest wisely 你要看准机会投资的钱 * I would give anything for this not to have happened. 我宁愿付出任何代价, 也不愿出了这件事. * It's not for me (ie It is not my responsibility) to say 这不是由我来说的话. (e) (used after more with than 用于more与than结构之後): Nothing could be more desirable than for them both to get jobs in Leeds. 要是他俩都能在利兹找到工作, 那就再好不过了. * Nothing would please me more than for her to win the next election. 她若能在下次竞选中获胜, 我就再高兴不过了.  18 (idm 习语) be `for it (infml 口) expect to be punished or to get into trouble 会受惩罚或惹出麻烦: The headmaster saw me draw the picture on the blackboard  I'm for it now. 校长看见我在黑板上画画, 这下子我可惹出麻烦了. for `all despite; in spite of 尽管; 虽然: For all his talk about sports cars and swimming-pools he's just an ordinary bank-clerk. 别看他大谈昂贵的汽车跑车和私人游泳池, 其实他只不过是个银行的普通职员. * For all you say, I think she's the best teacher we've got. 不管你怎么说, 我仍然认为她是我们最好的老师. * For all his wealth and fame, he's a very lonely man. 他虽然又有钱又有名, 但很孤独. * He has great power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that. 他有钱有势, 可尽管如此却并不快乐.

/fə(r); fɚ; rare strong form 罕, 强读式 fɔː(r); fɔr/ conj (dated or fml 旧或文) (not used at the beginning of a sentence 不用于句首) because 因为; 由于: We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 他给我们带来了家里的消息, 我们都迫不及待地听着. * Prepare to alight, for we are almost there. 我们马上就要到了, 准备下车吧.

/ˌef əʊ ˈɑː(r); ˌɛf o `ɑr/ abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (of freight) free on rail (ie transported to the train and loaded without the buyer paying extra) （指运费）火车上交货价./ˈfɒrɪdʒ; <i>US</i> ˈfɔːr-; `fɔrɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] food for horses and cattle （牛马的）饲料.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] a search or hunt, esp for food 搜寻, 寻找（尤指寻找食物）.

v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (for sth); ~ (about) search or hunt for sth, esp food and supplies 搜寻或寻找某物（尤指食物及供应物）: One group left the camp to forage for firewood. 一些人离开营地去寻找木柴. * She foraged (ie rummaged) about in her handbag, but couldn't find her keys. 她翻遍了手提包, 就是找不到钥匙.crops grown as food for horses and cattle （牛马的）饲料作物./ˌfɔːrəzˈmʌtʃ əz; ˌfɔrəz`mʌtʃ əz/ conj (arch or law 古或律) because; since; seeing that 因为; 由于; 鉴于./ˈfɒreɪ; <i>US</i> ˈfɔːreɪ; `fɔre/ n  1 sudden attack, esp to obtain sth; raid 袭击（尤指为获得某物）; 突袭: go on/make a foray into enemy territory 袭击敌占区.  2 brief but vigorous attempt to be involved in a different activity, profession, etc （对一新的活动、行业等）短暂而积极的改换尝试: the company's first foray into the computer market 该公司打入计算机市场的首次尝试.

v [I] make a foray 袭击; 突袭.pt of forbid./fɔːˈbeə(r); fɔr`bɛr/ v (pt forbore/ fR:5bR:(r); fRr`bRr/, pp forborne/ fR:5bR:n; fRr`bRrn/) [I, Ipr, Tt, Tg] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml 文) refrain from doing or saying sth in a patient or self-controlled way克制, 自制（不做或不说某事物）: her mother's gentle and forbearing character 她母亲那温柔而宽容的性格 * He could not forbear from expressing his disagreement.他忍不住要表达不同意见. * He forbore to mention/mentioning the matter again. 他克制住自己, 不再提及此事.

= forebear./fɔːˈbeərəns; fɔr`bɛrəns/ n [U](fml 文) patient self-control; tolerance 自制; 耐性: show forbearance towards sb 对某人有耐性 * exercise forbearance in dealing with people 宽以待人./fəˈbɪd; fɚ`bɪd/ v (pt forbade / fE5bd; ?@ fE5beId; fL`bed/ or  forbad / fE5bd; fL`bAd/, pp forbidden / fE5bIdn; fL`bIdn/)  1 (a) [Tsg, Dn.n, Dn.t] order (sb) not to do sth 禁止, 不准, 不许（某人）做某事: I can't forbid you/your seeing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往. * She was forbidden access to the club. 人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去. * If you want to go, Ican't forbid you. 你想去, 我也拦不住你. * He was forbidden to talk to her. 不准他同她交谈. * It is forbidden (for anyone) to smoke in this room. 禁止（任何人）在本室吸烟. (b) [Tn, Tg] order that (sth) shall not be done; not allow 禁止（某事物）; 不允许: Her father forbade their marriage. 她父亲不允许他们俩结婚. * Photography is strictly forbidden in the cathedral. 教堂内严禁摄影. * forbidden subjects such as sex and politics 禁止谈论的题目, 如性和政治 * The law forbids building on this land. 法律规定禁止在此处进行修建.  2 [Tn] make (sth) difficult or impossible; prevent or not allow 妨碍（某事）; 阻止或不准: Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. 因篇幅所限, 此处不便对本题作进一步阐述.  3 (idm 习语) for,bidden `fruit thing that is desired because it is disapproved of or not allowed 禁果（因受禁止而更想得到的东西）. for,bidden `ground (a) area that one is not allowed to enter 禁区. (b) subject, activity, etc that is not allowed or approved of 不准涉及的或不认可的内容或活动等. God/Heaven for`bid (that...) (expressing a wish that sth may not happen 表示愿某事不要发生): Heaven forbid that anything awful should have happened to her. 但愿她不会出了大事.adj looking unfriendly; stern; threatening 样子冷淡的; 严峻的; 令人生畏的: a forbidding appearance, look, manner, etc 冷酷的样子、神情、态度等 * a forbidding coastline, ie one that looks dangerous险恶的海岸地形. adv.pt of forbear1.pp of forbear1./fɔːs; fɔrs/ n  1 [U] (a) physical strength or power 力; 力量: the force of the blow, explosion, collision, etc 打击力、爆炸力、碰撞力 * They used brute force to break open the door. 他们靠蛮劲把门撞开了. (b) violent physical action 暴力; 武力: The soldiers took the prisoners away by force. 士兵们强行把犯人带走了. * renounce the use of force 放弃使用武力.  2 (a) [U] (intensity of) strength or power; influence 力量（的强度）; 影响力: the full force of her argument 她的论据的全部力量 * He overcame his bad habits by sheer force of will. 他全凭毅力改掉了坏习惯. * Through force of circumstances the plans had to be changed. 情况所迫, 只得修改计画. (b) [C] person, thing, belief, etc with such strength or power; influence 具有此种力量的人、事物、信仰等; 影响: She's a force to be reckoned with, ie someone to be treated seriously. 她是不可忽视的力量. * the two main political forces of left and right 左派和右派两股主要的政治力量 * powerful economic forces 强大的经济实力 * Is religion a force for good? 宗教是诱导人们积德行善的力量吗? * the forces of evil still at work today 至今仍在作祟的邪恶势力.  3 [C, U] (in scientific use) measurable influence or intensity tending to cause movement （科技用语）力: The force of gravity pulls things towards the earth's centre. 地心吸力把物体吸向地心.  4 [C] (power of the) wind, rain or another of the natural elements 风、雨或其他自然现象（的力量）: fighting against the forces of nature 与大自然作斗争. =>Usage at strength 用法见strength.  5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] measure of wind strength 风力: a force 9 gale 9级风.  6 [CGp] group of people organized for a specified purpose 为某目的而组织起来的人: a sales/labour force 推销人员[劳动群众] * Our work-force are completely dependable. 我们的工作人员的能力完全可靠.  7 [CGp] organized body of armed and specially trained people 武装力量; 部队: the police force 警察部队 * peace-keeping forces 维持和平部队 * the armed forces of a country, ie the army, navy and air force 国家的武装力量（陆、海、空三军）.  8 [U] (legal) authority （法律的）权威, 威力: This decree has the force of law behind it. 这一裁决有法律的力量作後盾.  9 (idm 习语) break the force of sth reduce or weaken the impact of sth such as a fall or blow 降低或减弱某事物（如下落或打击）的冲撞力: The force of his fall was broken by the straw mats. 草垫的缓冲作用减弱了他下跌的力量. bring sth/come into `force (cause a law, rule, etc to) become effective or come into operation （使法律、规则等）生效, 开始执行: When do the new safety rules come into force? 新的安全规则何时生效? (from/out of) force of `habit (because of) the tendency to do (some) things in a certain way from always having done so in the past （出于）习惯势力: It's force of habit that gets me out of bed at 7.15 each morning. 我每天早晨7点15分就起床, 这已成了习惯. in `force (a) (of people) in large numbers （指人）大量的, 大批的: The police were present at the demonstration in (full) force. 警方派出大队人马在示威游行的现场戒备. (b) (of a law, rule, etc) effective or in operation （指法律、规则等）有效的, 现行的: The new safety regulations are now in force. 新的安全规则现已生效. join forces => join.

/fɔːs; fɔrs/ v  1 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] make (sb/oneself) do sth he/one does not want to do; compel; oblige 使（某人[自己]）做不愿做的事; 强迫; 逼迫; 迫使: force a confession out of sb 逼某人招供 * The thief forced her to hand over the money. 强盗逼她把钱交出来. * He forced himself to speak to her. 他硬着头皮和她搭话. * The president was forced into resigning/to resign. 会长被迫辞职.  2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] use physical strength to move (oneself) against resistance; use physical strength to move (sth) 靠体力使（自己）逆阻力而动; 用力使（某物）移动: force one's way through a crowd 挤过人群 * force a way in/out/through 挤入[出/过] * (fig 比喻) The government forced the bill through Parliament. 政府迫使议会通过该法案. * force clothes into a bag 硬把衣服塞进包里.  3 [Tn, Cn.a] break (sth) open using physical strength 用力打开（某物）: force (open) a door, lock, window, safe 强行打开门、锁、窗户、保险柜.  4 [Tn] cause or produce (sth) by effort, esp when under stress 勉强促成或产生（某事物）（尤指迫于压力）: a forced smile/laugh, ie not the natural result of amusement 强作笑脸[强装欢笑].  5 [Tn] cause (fruit, plants, etc) to reach maturity earlier than is normal by keeping them under special conditions 使（果实、植物等）早熟.  6 (idm 习语) force sb's `hand make sb do sth unwillingly or sooner than he intended 迫使某人勉强或提前做某事. `force the issue act so as to make an immediate decision necessary 为迫使立即做出必要的决定而采取行动. force the `pace go very fast in a race, etc in order to tire the other competitors （在比赛等活动中为使对手疲劳）加快速度.  7 (phr v) force sth back try very hard not to show (an emotion) 极力不流露出（某种感情）: force back one's tears 强忍着眼泪. force sth down (a) compel sb/oneself to swallow (food and drink) when he/one does not want to 强迫某人[自己]咽下（食物和饮料）: After being ill I didn't feel like eating but I managed to force something down. 我病後不想吃东西, 不过还是勉强咽了一点. (b) compel (an aircraft) to land, eg because a bomb is found on board 迫使（飞机等）降落（如因发现机上有炸弹）. force sth on sb make sb accept sth against his will 勉强某人接受某事物: force one's ideas, company, attention on sb 把自己的思想强加于人、硬要陪伴某人、硬要照料某人 * Higher taxes were forced on the people. 政府强行提高税收./ˌfɔːs mæˈʒɜː(r); ˌfɔrs mɑ`ʒɝ/ (French law 法, 律) unforeseen circumstances, such as war, that excuses sb from keeping a promise, fulfilling a bargain, etc 不可抗力（难以预见的情况, 如战争, 藉以原谅某人未能实践诺言、履行协议等）./ˈfɔːsfiːd; `fɔrs`fid/ v (pp, pt force-fed/ 5fR:sfed; `fRrs`fZd/) [Tn] compel (a person or an animal) to take food and drink 强迫（人或动物）进食及饮水: All the prisoners on hunger strike had to be force-fed. 所有绝食的犯人均需强迫进食.compulsory hard work, usu under harsh conditions 强迫劳动.emergency landing that an aircraft has to make （飞行器的）紧急降落, 迫降.long emergency march made by troops 强行军./ˈfɔːsfl; `fɔrsfəl/ adj strong and assertive 强有力的: (approv 褒) a forceful speaker 讲话有说服力的人 * a forceful argument, speech, style of writing, etc 有力的论据、言语、文体等. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U]./ˈfɔːsmiːt; `fɔrsˌmit/ n [U] finely chopped meat mixed with herbs, etc and used as stuffing, eg in a roast chicken 加香料的碎肉（如用作填充烤鸡的馅）./ˈfɔːseps; `fɔrsɛps/ n [pl] pincers or tongs used by dentists, surgeons, etc for gripping things （医生用的）钳子, 镊子: a pair of forceps 一把钳子 * [attrib 作定语] a forceps delivery, ie one in which the baby is delivered with the aid of forceps 产钳分娩./ˈfɔːsəbl; `fɔrsəbl/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 done by or involving the use of physical force 用强力的: make a forcible entry into a building 强行进入一建筑物.  2 convincing and effective; forceful 有说服力的; 强有力的: a forcible argument/reminder 有说服力的论据[措辞强硬的催单]. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv./fɔːd; fɔrd/ n shallow place in a river where one can walk or drive across 河流中（可涉水或开车越过）的浅处.

v [Tn] cross (a river) by walking or driving across a shallow part 从水浅处涉水或开车过（河）. /-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be forded 可以涉水而过的./fɔː(r); fɔr/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] situated in the front part of a vehicle 在运输工具前部的: in the fore part of the ship/plane/train 在轮船[飞机/火车]的前部. Cf 参看 hind1.  2 (idm 习语) be/come to the fore be/become prominent or important 作为[成为]突出的或重要的: She's always to the fore at moments of crisis. 她在危急关头总是挺身而出. * After the election several new Members of Parliament came to the fore. 大选後有几位新议员脱颖而出. fore and `aft (a) at the bow (front) and stern (back) of a ship 在船首与船尾. (b) (of sails) set lengthwise on a ship or boat （指船帆）沿船体纵向悬挂.

adv in, at or towards the front of a ship or aircraft 在船或飞行器的前部; 向着船或飞行器的前部.

n [U] front part (of a ship) （船的）前部.

/fɔː(r); fɔr/ interj (in golf) shout given to warn people that a player is about to hit the ball （高尔夫球运动中）前面注意（警告人们运动员即将击球的口令）.pref 前缀 (with ns and vs 与名词及动词结合)  1 (of time or rank) before; in advance of （指时间或职位）前, 预先: forefather * foreman * foretell.  2 (of position) in front of （指位置）在前部: foreground * foreshorten./ˈfɔːrɑːm; `fɔrˌɑrm/ n part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist or fingertips 前臂. =>illus at human 见human插图.

/ˌfɔːrˈɑːm; fɔr`ɑrm/ v  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] prepare (oneself/sb) in advance for possible danger, attack, etc; arm beforehand 使（自己[某人]）做好准备（以防危险、攻击等）; 预先武装.  2 (idm 习语) forewarned is forearmed => forewarn./ˈfɔːbeə(r); `fɔrˌbɛr/ n [C usu pl 通常作复数] person from whom one is descended; ancestor 祖宗; 祖先./fɔːˈbəʊd; fɔr`bod/ v [Tn] (fml 文) be a sign or a warning of (esp trouble) 预示（尤指坏事）: Her angry face forbode a confrontation. 她一脸怒气预示将有一场冲突. * These developments forebode disaster. 这些情况预示着要有灾祸.n [C, U] ~ (that...) strong feeling that danger or trouble is coming 要有危险或坏事的预感: She had a sinister foreboding that the plane would crash. 她有个不祥的预感, 飞机要失事. * Thoughts about the future filled him with foreboding. 他想到未来, 不寒而栗./ˈfɔːkɑːst; <i>US</i> -kæst; fɔr`kæst/ v (pt, pp forecast or forecasted) [Tn, Tf, Tw] tell in advance (what is expected to happen); predict with the help of information 预报; 预测: forecast a fall in unemployment 预测失业人数下降 * forecast that it will rain tomorrow 预报明天有雨 * forecast what the outcome of the election will be 预测选举结果.

n statement that predicts sth with the help of information 预测: forecasts of higher profits 利润将增加的预测 * According to the (weather) forecast it will be sunny tomorrow. （天气）预报说明天天晴. * The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报说晴间阵雨.n person who forecasts sth, esp sb whose job is to forecast the weather 预测者; （尤指）气象预报员./ˈfəʊksl; `foksl/ n part of the front of certain ships where the crew live and sleep 船首楼（某些船前部的水手舱）./fɔːˈkləʊz; fɔr`kloz/ v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (on sb/sth) (of a bank, etc that has lent money for a mortgage) take possession of the property of (sb), usu because repayments have not been made （指已放出抵押贷款的银行等）取得（某人）的财产（通常因未偿付贷款）: The bank foreclosed (on the mortgage). 该银行已取消（对该抵押品的）赎取权./fɔːˈkləʊʒə(r); fɔr`kloʒɚ/ n [C, U] (act of) foreclosing a mortgage 取消抵押品赎取权./ˈfɔːkɔːt; `fɔrˌkɔrt/ n  1 large open area or courtyard in front of a building, esp the front of a filling station where petrol is sold （建筑物前面的）大片空地或院子（尤指汽车加油站前的加油处）.  2 (in tennis, badminton, etc) part of the court between the service-line and the net （在网球、羽毛球等球场中）前场（自发球线至球网处）./fɔːˈduːmd; fɔr`dumd/ adj ~ (to sth) intended (as if) by fate to be unsuccessful 注定失败的: All attempts to revive the fishing industry were foredoomed to failure. 千方百计振兴渔业注定徒劳无功./ˈfɔːfɑːðə(r); `fɔrˌfɑðɚ/ n [C usu pl 通常作复数] person from whom one is descended; ancestor, esp a male 祖宗, 祖先（尤指男性）: the religion of his forefathers 他祖先的宗教信仰./ˈfɔːfɪŋgə(r); `fɔrˌfɪŋˇɚ/ n finger next to the thumb; index finger 食指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图./ˈfɔːfʊt; `fɔrˌfᴜt/ n (pl -feet / -fi:t; -9fit/) either of the two front feet of a four-legged animal （四足动物的）前足./ˈfɔːfrʌnt; `fɔrˌfrʌnt/ n [sing] the ~ (of sth) the most forward or important position or place 最前部; 最重要之处: in the forefront of my mind 我首先考虑的 * The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software field. 这一新产品面世後, 该公司在计算机软件领域中已处于领先地位./ˈfɔːgəʊɪŋ; fɔr`ˇoɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) preceding; just mentioned 在前的; 刚提到的; 上述的: the foregoing analysis, description, discussion, etc 以上分析、描述、论述等./ˈfɔːgɒn; <i>US</i> -gɔːn; `fɔrˌˇɔn/ adj (idm 习语) a ,foregone conclusion result that can be predicted with certainty 可预料的必然结果: The outcome of the election is a foregone conclusion. 选举结果已在预料之中./ˈfɔːgraʊnd; `fɔrˌˇraᴜnd/ n the foreground[sing] (a) front part of a view, scene, picture, etc; part nearest the observer （景物、场景、画面等的）前部, 前景: The red figure in the foreground is the artist's mother. 画面前景中穿红衣服的人是画家的母亲. (b) (fig 比喻) position of greatest importance or prominence 最重要或最突出的位置: These teachers are keeping education in the foreground of public attention. 这些教师不断努力以使人人关心教育事业. Cf 参看 background 1,2./ˈfɔːhænd; `fɔrˌhænd/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of a stroke in tennis, squash, etc) made with the palm of the hand turned towards one's opponent or towards the front of the court （指网球、壁球等的击球）正手打的: a forehand volley 正手拦击.

n  1 forehand stroke 正手击球.  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (in tennis, squash, etc) the same side of a player as the hand in which he is holding the racket （指网球、壁球等运动中）运动员握拍的手的同一侧: Hit the ball to her forehand. 把球打到她握拍手的一边. Cf 参看 backhand (back2)./ˈfɒrɪd, also ˈfɔːhed; <i>US</i> ˈfɔːrɪd; `fɔrɪd/ (also brow) n part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hair 额. =>illus at head 见head插图./ˈfɒrən; <i>US</i> ˈfɔːr-; `fɔrɪn/ adj  1 (a) of, in or from a country or an area other than one's own 外国的: foreign languages, goods, students 外国语、外国货、外国学生. (b) dealing with or involving other countries 外交的; 涉外的: foreign affairs 外交事务 * foreign policy 外交政策 * foreign trade 对外贸易 * foreign aid, ie money, etc given by one country to another in need 外国的援助.  2 ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) not belonging naturally to sb/sth; alien to sb/sth; uncharacteristic of sb/sth 非某人[某事物]所固有的; 与某人[某事物]的本性相异: Dishonesty is foreign to his nature. 他的本性与弄虚作假格格不入.  3 (fml 文) coming or introduced from outside, usu by accident 来自外界的（通常指意外地）: a foreign body (eg a hair or speck of dirt) in the eye 眼中的异物（如毛发或灰尘）.(system of buying and selling) foreign money 外汇: [attrib 作定语] the foreign exchange markets 外汇市场.government minister in charge of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交大臣.n  1 person from a country other than one's own 外国人.  2 person who is regarded as not belonging to a particular community; outsider or stranger 外人; 陌生人./ˌfɔːˈnɒlɪdʒ; `for`nɑlɪdʒ/ n [U] knowledge of sth before it happens or exists 预知; 预见./ˈfɔːlənd; `fɔrlənd/ n piece of land that extends into the sea; cape or promontory 岬角; 海角./ˈfɔːleg; `fɔrˌlɛˇ/ n either of the two front legs of a four-footed animal （四足动物的）前腿./ˈfɔːlɒk; `fɔrˌlɑk/ n  1 piece of hair growing (and falling) over the forehead 额发.  2 (idm 习语) touch, tug, etc one's `forelock (formerly) raise a hand to one's forehead when meeting sb of higher social rank, usu as a sign of respect （旧时）（与地位高的人相见时）将一只手举至额头（通常指致敬）./ˈfɔːmən; `fɔrmən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/, fem 阴性作 forewoman / -wUmEn; -9wJmEn/, pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/)  1 experienced worker who supervises and directs other workers 领班; 工头.  2 person who acts as the leader and spokesperson of a jury 陪审团团长./ˈfɔːməʊst; `fɔrˌmost/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] most famous or important; best or chief 最着名的; 最重要的; 最好的; 主要的: the foremost painter of his time 在他那个时代里首屈一指的画家.  2 (idm 习语) first and foremost => first2.

adv in the first position 居于首位: She ranks foremost among the country's leading conductors. 她在国内第一流指挥家中名列榜首./ˈfɔːneɪm; `fɔrˌnem/ n (fml 文) name preceding the family name; person's first or Christian name 名（在姓之前）; 教名. =>App 7 见附录7. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1./ˈfɔːnuːn; fɔr`nun/ n (Scot and in official, eg electoral, notices 苏格兰, 用于官方通告中, 如选举通告) part of the day between sunrise and noon; morning 上午./fəˈrensɪk; <i>US</i> -zɪk; fə`rɛnzɪk/ adj [attrib 作定语] of, related to or used in (courts of) law 法庭的; 与法庭有关的; 用于法庭的: forensic medicine, ie medical skill used to help with legal problems or police investigations 法医学./ˌfɔːrɔːˈdeɪn; ˌfɔrɔr`den/ v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tf] (fml 文) (of God or fate) arrange or determine (sth) before it actually happens （指上帝或命运）注定: It was foreordained that the company would suffer a spectacular collapse. 这个公司注定要彻底垮台./ˈfɔːpleɪ; `fɔrˌple/ n [U] sexual activity such as caressing the sexual organs and kissing before sexual intercourse 性交之前的性活动（如抚摸性器官、亲吻）./ˈfɔːrʌnə(r); `fɔrˌrʌnɚ/ n person or thing that prepares the way for the coming of sb or sth else more important; sign of what is to follow 先驱者; 开路人; 先兆: the forerunners of the modern diesel engine 现代柴油机的前身./ˈfɔːseɪl, also ˈfɔːsl; `fɔrˌsel, `fɔrsəl/ n main sail on the front mast of a ship 前帆./fɔːˈsiː; fɔr`si/ v (pt foresaw / fR:5sR:; fRr`sR/, pp foreseen / fR:5si:n; fRr`sin/) [Tn, Tf, Tw] see or know that sth is going to happen in the future; predict 预见; 预知; 预料: The difficulties could not have been foreseen. 这些困难是无法预见的. * He foresaw that the job would take a long time. 他预见到做这件工作需要很长时间. * They could not have foreseen how things would turn out. 他们不可能预知事情的结果./fɔːˈʃdəʊ; fɔr`ʃædo/ v [Tn] be a sign or warning of (sth to come or about to happen) 预示: The increase in taxes had been foreshadowed in the minister's speech. 部长的讲话中早已预示要提高税额./ˈfɔːʃɔː(r); `fɔrˌʃɔr/ n (usu 通常作 the foreshore) [sing] part of the shore between the limits of high and low tides, or between the sea and land that is cultivated or built on （高潮线与低潮线之间的）海滩; （海水与已耕种或有建筑物的陆地之间的）海滨./fɔːˈʃɔːtn; fɔr`ʃɔrtn/ v [Tn] (in drawing) represent (an object) by shortening certain lines to give an effect of distance and perspective （绘画中）用透视法表现（所画对像）./ˈfɔːsaɪt; `fɔrˌsaɪt/ n [U] ability to see what one's future needs are likely to be; careful planning 先见之明; 精打细算: The couple had the foresight to plan their retirement wisely. 他们夫妇很有远见, 精心安排了退休後的生活. Cf 参看 hindsight./ˈfɔːskɪn; `fɔrˌskɪn/ n loose fold of skin covering the end of the penis 包皮. =>illus at male 见male插图./ˈfɒrɪst; <i>US</i> ˈfɔːr-; `fɔrɪst/ n  1 [C, U] (large area of land thickly covered with) trees, bushes, etc 森林（地带）: the dense tropical forests of the Amazon basin 亚玛孙河流域茂密的热带森林 * Very little forest is left unexplored nowadays. 如今未经勘测的森林已是少之又少了. * [attrib 作定语] forest animals, fires 森林动物、森林火灾.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) dense mass of tall or narrow objects that looks like a forest 似森林般密集的细长物体: a forest of television aerials 林立的电视天线./fɔːˈstɔːl; fɔr`stɔl/ v [Tn] act before (sb else) so as to prevent him from doing sth 抢在（别人）之前行动: forestall a competitor, a rival, etc 抢在竞争者、对手之前行动 * I had my objection all prepared, but Stephens forestalled me. 我已做好准备要提出反对意见, 不料斯蒂芬斯却抢先了一步.adj covered in forest 覆盖树木如林的.n  1 person who looks after a forest, eg by protecting the animals, planting new trees and guarding against fire 林务员; 守林人.  2 person who lives and works in a forest 在森林里居住及工作的人.n [U] science and practice of planting, caring for, and managing forests 林学; 森林学./ˈfɔːteɪst; `fɔrˌtest/ n ~ (of sth) small experience of sth before it actually happens; sample （在某事物到来之前的）浅尝; 样品: a foretaste of the fierce conflict to come 对未来的激烈冲突先尝到的滋味./fɔːˈtel; fɔr`tɛl/ v (pt, pp foretold / fR:5tEUld; fRr`told/) [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) tell (what will happen in the future); predict 预言; 预示; 预料: No one could have foretold such strange events. 谁也料不到有这些奇怪的事情. * The gypsy had foretold that the boy would die. 那吉普赛人曾经预言这男孩儿得夭折. * You can't foretell how the war will end. 这场战争的结局难以预料./ˈfɔːθɔːt; `fɔrˌθɔt/ n [U] careful thought or planning for the future 深谋远虑: With a little more forethought we could have bought the house we really wanted. 我们当初若是稍微再多考虑一下, 也许就能买到我们真正想要的房子了.pt, pp of foretell./fəˈrevə(r); fɚ`ɛvɚ/ adv  1 (also for ever) for all time; always 永远: I'll love you forever! 我永远爱你! * You'll never get that ball back  it's lost forever. 你再也找不回那个球了--永远也找不回来了. * (infml 口) It takes her forever (ie an extremely long time) to get dressed. 她穿衣打扮得用半天时间.  2 (usu with vs in the continuous tenses 通常与进行时态的动词连用) at all times; constantly or persistently 总是; 不断地; 无休止地: They are forever arguing. 他们总是争吵. * Why are you forever asking questions? 你怎么老是问问题?/fɔːˈwɔːn; fɔr`wɔrn/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) warn sb before sth happens; advise sb (of possible dangers, problems, etc) 预先警告某人; 告诉某人（可能出现危险、问题等）: We had been forewarned of the risk of fire/that fire could break out. 已经事先警告过我们有发生火灾的危险.  2 (idm 习语) fore,warned is fore`armed (saying 谚) knowledge of possible dangers, problems, etc allows one to prepare for them 有备无患./ˈfɔːwɜːd; `fɔrˌwɝd/ n short introduction to a book, printed at the beginning and usu written by a person other than the author （书的）前言, 序言（通常指并非作者写的）. Cf 参看 preface./ˈfɔːfɪt; `fɔrfɪt/ v [Tn] (have to) lose or give up (sth) as a consequence of or punishment for having done sth wrong, or in order to achieve sth （因做错事或为得到某事物）失去或放弃（另一事物）: Passengers who cancel their reservations will forfeit their deposit. 旅客取消预订票者, 定金不予退还. * He has forfeited the right to represent the people. 已撤销他代表人民的资格. * The couple forfeited their independence in order to help those less fortunate. 这对夫妇把富裕出的钱都拿出来帮助那些受难的人.

n  1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] thing (to be) paid or given up as a penalty or punishment （因受罚）丧失的东西; 罚金.  2 (a) forfeits [sing v] game in which a player gives up various articles if he makes a mistake and can have them back by doing sth ridiculous 罚物游戏（输者交出小物品, 做滑稽表演後方可取回）. (b) [C] article given up in this game 做此种游戏中交出的东西: Give me your watch as a forfeit. 你输了, 罚你把手表交给我.

adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) (liable to be) lost, paid or given up as a forfeit （作为罚金或抵押品）（可能）失去, 交出: All goods may be forfeit to the State in time of war. 战时所有的货物都可能被国家徵用./ˈfɔːfɪtʃə(r); `fɔrfɪtʃɚ/ n [U] ~ (of sth) (act of) forfeiting sth 丧失; 放弃; 没收: (the) forfeiture of one's property 放弃财产./fɔːˈgðə(r); fɔr`ˇæðɚ/ v [I] (fml 文) come together; meet socially 聚会.pt of forgive./fɔːdʒ; fɔrdʒ/ n  1 workshop with a fire and an anvil where metals are heated and shaped, esp one used by a smith for making horseshoes 铁匠铺（尤指做马掌的）.  2 (workshop, factory, etc with a) furnace for melting or refining metals 锻铁炉; 锻造车间或工厂.

/fɔːdʒ; fɔrdʒ/ v [Tn]  1 (a) shape (sth) by heating it in a fire and hammering 锻造; 打铁: forge a sword, a chain, an anchor, etc 锻造剑、铁链、锚等. (b) (fig 比喻) create (usu a lasting relationship) by means of much hard work （靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）: forge a bond, a link, an alliance, etc 建立同盟、联系、联盟等 * a friendship forged by adversity 患难中建立起来的友谊. Cf 参看 weld.  2 make an imitation or copy of (sth) in order to deceive people 伪造: forge a banknote, will, signature, etc 伪造钞票、遗嘱、签字等. Cf 参看 counterfeit v.

/fɔːdʒ; fɔrdʒ/ v  1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr] move forward steadily or gradually 稳步前进: forge constantly onwards 坚定不移地稳步前进 * forge into the lead, ie gradually overtake sb 稳步进入领先地位（逐步超越某人）.  2 (phr v) forge ahead advance or progress quickly; take the leading position in a race, etc 高速前进; （在赛跑等运动中）进入领先地位: One horse forged ahead, leaving the others behind. 有一匹马跑在最前面, 把其他的马抛在後面.n person who forges (forge2 2) money, a document, etc 伪造（钱币、文件等）的人. Cf 参看 counterfeiter (counterfeit)./ˈfɔːdʒərɪ; `fɔrdʒərɪ/ n  1 [U] (crime or act of) forging (forge2 2) a document, picture, signature, etc （文件、画、签字等的）伪造, 伪造罪, 伪造行为: He spent 5 years in prison for forgery. 他因伪造罪而坐了5年牢.  2 [C] document, signature, etc that has been forged 伪造的文件、签字等: This famous painting was thought to be by Van Gogh, but it is in fact a forgery. 人们以为这是凡·高的名画, 其实是膺品. Cf 参看 counterfeit./fəˈget; fɚ`ˇɛt/ v (pt forgot / fE5gCt; fL`gBt/, pp forgotten / fE5gCtn; fL`^Btn/)  1 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg] ~ about sth (not used in the continuous tenses 不用于进行时态) fail to remember or recall (sth); lose the memory of (sth) 忘记（某事物）; 遗忘: He forgot (about) her birthday, ie did not remember it at the proper time. 他把她的生日忘了. * I've forgotten her name. 我把她的名字忘了. * Did you forget (that) I was coming? 难道你忘了我要来吗? * She forgot how the puzzle fitted together. 她忘了那个拼图是怎么拼在一起的. * I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time. 我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景.  2 (a) [I, Tt] fail to remember to do sth; neglect 忘记（做某事）; 忽视: `Why didn't you buy any bread?' `Sorry, I forgot.' ｀你怎么没买面包呢?＇｀真抱歉, 我忘了.＇ * Don't forget to feed the cat. 别忘了喂猫. * He forgot to pay me. 他忘了付给我钱. (b) [Tn] fail to remember to bring, buy, etc (sth) or take care of (sth) 忘记带、购买、照料等（某事物）: I forgot my umbrella. 我忘带伞了. * Don't forget the waiter, ie give him a tip. 别忘了给服务员小费.  3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about) sb/sth stop thinking about sb/sth; not think about sb/sth; put sb/sth out of one's mind 忘掉或不再想某人[某事物]; 不把某人[某事物]放在心上: Let's forget (about) our differences. 咱们不要把彼此的分歧放在心上. * Try to forget (all) about him. 别再想他了. * You can forget about a holiday this year  I've lost my job. 你别再想今年去度假的事了--我失业了. * `How much do I owe you?' `Forget it!', ie Don't bother to pay me back. ｀我欠你多少钱?＇｀算了吧!＇ * The shop will accept cheques and credit cards, not forgetting (ie and also) cash, of course. 这个商店可用支票和信用卡付帐, 当然也收现金. * I was forgetting (that) David used to teach you. 我几乎忘了大卫以前经常教你.  4 [Tn] ~ oneself (a) behave without proper dignity 忘乎所以: I'm afraid I forgot myself and kissed him wildly. 当时我有些忘乎所以, 疯狂地吻着他. (b) act unselfishly 忘我; 无私: Forget yourself and think of someone else for a change. 别光想着你自己, 你也为别人想一次.  5 (idm 习语) elephants never forget => elephant. forgive and forget => forgive./fəˈget mɪ nɒt; fɚ`ˇɛtmɪˌnɑt/ n small plant with tiny blue flowers 勿忘我（勿忘草属, 开蓝色小花）./-fl; -fəl/ adj  1 in the habit of forgetting; likely to forget 健忘的; 好忘记的: Old people are sometimes forgetful. 老人有时爱忘事.  2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth not thinking about sth; neglectful of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]不考虑、疏忽: be forgetful of one's duties 玩忽职守. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv. n [U].n [C] piece of metal that has been forged (forge2 1a) or shaped under a press 锻件./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be forgiven 可原谅的; 可宽恕的; 可饶恕的: His harshness is forgivable. 他很严厉, 但情有可原./fəˈgɪv; fɚ`ˇɪv/ v (pt forgave / fE5geIv; fL`^ev/, pp forgiven / fE5gIvn; fL`^IvEn/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth; ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) stop being angry or bitter towards sb or about sth; stop blaming or wanting to punish sb 原谅; 宽恕; 饶恕: I forgave her a long time ago. 我早已原谅她了. * I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died. 母亲临终前我未去看她, 为这件事我永远不能原谅自己. * She forgave him his thoughtless remark. 她原谅了他说的轻率的话. * (religion 宗) Forgive us our trespasses, ie our sins. 请宽恕我们的罪孽吧!  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb (for doing sth) (used in polite expressions to lessen the force of what the speaker says and in mild apologies 礼貌用语, 用以缓和语气并示歉意): Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly are you talking about? 请原谅我孤陋寡闻, 你说的到底是什么? * Please forgive me for interrupting/my interrupting. 对不起, 打搅了.  3 [Dn.n] say that sb need not repay (the money owed); not demand repayment from (sb) 免除（某人的债务）; 不要求（某人）偿还: Won't you forgive me such a small debt? 这么小小的一笔债, 请你免了行吗?  4 (idm 习语) for,give and for`get dismiss from one's mind all unkind feelings and the desire to blame and punish sb 不念旧恶; 不记某人的仇.n [U] forgiving or state of being forgiven; willingness to forgive 原谅; 原谅的意愿: He asked forgiveness for what he had done wrong. 他请求原谅他的错误. * (religion 宗) the forgiveness of sins 对罪孽的宽恕 * She is sympathetic and full of forgiveness. 她富有同情心, 待人宽厚.adj ready and willing to forgive 宽容的; 宽恕的; 宽谅的: kind forgiving parents 慈爱而宽厚的父母 * a forgiving nature 宽容厚道的本性. adv./fɔːˈgəʊ; fɔr`ˇo/ v (pt forwent / fR:5went; fRr`wZnt/, pp forgone / fR:5gCn; ?@ -5gR:n; fRr`^Rn/) [Tn] give up or do without (esp sth pleasant) 放弃或没有（尤指美好的事物）也行: The workers agreed to forgo a pay increase for the sake of greater job security. 工人们为了工作更保险, 同意放弃增加工资的要求.pt of forget.pp of forget./fɔːk; fɔrk/ n  1 small implement with a handle and two or more points or prongs, used for lifting food to the mouth or holding things (esp meat) firmly while they are cut 叉子: eat with a knife and fork 使用刀叉吃东西. =>illus 见插图.  2 farm or gardening tool with a handle and prongs, used for digging the ground, lifting hay, etc 叉; 耙. =>illus 见插图.  3 (a) place where a road, river, tree branch, etc divides into two parts （路、河、树枝等的）分岔处, 岔口: Go up to the fork and turn left. 走到岔口处向左拐. (b) either of the two parts divided in this way 一个分岔: Take the right fork. 走右边/fəˈlɔːn; fɚ`lɔrn/ adj  1 lonely and unhappy; uncared for 孤独而凄凉的; 无人照顾的: a forlorn child sitting on the street corner 坐在街角没人照顾的孩子.  2 (of places) looking uncared for; wretched or forsaken （指地方）似无人管理的, 破烂的, 被离弃的: deserted forlorn farmhouses 弃置的破烂农舍.  3 (idm 习语) a forlorn `hope plan or undertaking that is almost certain not to succeed 几乎不可能实现的计画或不可能成功的事情: Going to their rescue in a rowing-boat is a bit of a forlorn hope. 乘划艇去救他们, 希望不大. adv. n [U]./fɔːm; fɔrm/ n  1 [C, U] outward physical appearance of sb/sth; shape 某人[某物]的外形; 外貌; 样子; 形状: a jelly mould in the form of a motor car 做成汽车形状的果冻 * We could just manage to see the form of an aircraft taking off in the fog. 飞机在雾中起飞, 我们仅仅能看出它的轮廓. * her slender graceful form 她那苗条优美的体形.  2 [C] ~ (of sth) specific type of arrangement or structure of sth; manner in which sth exists or appears; kind or variety 某事物的具体组成或结构; 某事物存在的或呈现的形式; 形态; 体制; 种类: water in the form of ice 水呈冰的形态 * different forms of government 各种政体 * The training took the form of (ie consisted of) seminars and lectures. 这种培训是以讨论与讲课的形式进行的. * the form (ie set order of words) of the marriage service 婚礼仪式.  3 [U] general structure and arrangement of sth created such as a musical composition or piece of writing, in contrast to its content （音乐及文学作品等的）形式, 体裁: music in sonata form 奏鸣曲 * literary form 文学体裁 * This painting shows a good sense of form. 这幅画的构图很好.  4 [C, U] (grammar) (particular) spelling or pronunciation of a word 字形; 字的发音: The plural form of `goose' is `geese'. goose的复数形式是geese. * The words `elevator' and `lift' are different in form but identical in meaning. elevator与lift形式相异但意义相同.  5 [U] particular manner of behaving, speaking, or writing that is normally required or expected 礼貌; 礼节: Although she is not entitled to attend the dinner, I think she should be invited as a matter of form, ie because it is correct or polite. 尽管她没有资格参加这次晚宴, 我认为出于礼节还是应该邀请她. * What is the form (ie the correct thing to do)? 按理说该怎么做?  6 [U] (a) strength, fitness to compete with others, etc of an athlete, a horse, etc （运动员、马等的）竞技状态: After six months training, the whole team is in superb form. 全队经过六个月的训练竞技状态极佳. (b) record of the actions, behaviour, progress, etc of a person, team, etc （对个人或全队等的动作姿态、表现、进步情况等的）记录: On present/current form, Spain will win tonight's match. 就西班牙队目前的状态来看, 今晚的比赛他们能赢. * Judging by recent form, he should easily pass the exam. 从他最近的表现来看, 他应该很容易考及格. * I've got no record of this horse's form. 我没有这匹马的情况记录.  7 [U] person's feelings, humour or spirits 感情、幽默或精神状态: They were both in fine/good form at dinner. 晚餐时他们俩的精神都很好.  8 (Brit sl 俚) record of having been found guilty of crimes and (usu) of having received a prison sentence 犯罪记录（通常指曾入狱者）; 前科: He's got no form! 他没有犯罪记录!  9 [C] class, esp in British private schools and some American private schools 年级（尤用于英国私立学校及美国部分私立学校的）: The youngest children are in the first form, the oldest in the sixth form. 最小的儿童上一年级, 最大的上六年级.  10 [C] long wooden bench, usu without a back 长木凳.  11 [C] printed or typed piece of paper with questions, and spaces for answers 表格: fill in an application form 填申请表.  12 [C] place where a hare lives; lair （野兔的）窝, 窟.  13 (idm 习语) bad/good `form (dated 旧) incorrect/correct social behaviour according to accepted standards 失礼的[有礼貌的]行为: It is sometimes considered bad form to smoke between courses at a meal. 在两道菜之间抽烟有时认为是失礼的. a form of address style of addressing sb in speech or writing 称呼: What form of address should one use when writing to a bishop? 给主教写信应该怎样称呼? in any shape or form => shape1. on/off `form; in/out of `form in a good/bad state of fitness, ability, etc; performing as well as/not as well as usual 处于良好的[不佳的]竞技状态; 表现如常[不如平常]: The team were on excellent form throughout the whole competition. 这个队在整个比赛过程中一直处于极好的竞技状态. on present form => present1. true to form => true.

/fɔːm; fɔrm/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) give shape or structure to sth; fashion sth; produce sth 形成、构成、塑造或产生某事物: form a bowl from clay 用陶土做碗 * form sentences and paragraphs 构成句子与段落 * The reservoir was formed by flooding the valley. 这个水库是引水淹没山谷而形成的. * The substances are formed from a mixture of liquids solidifying under pressure. 这些材料是由几种液体混合在一起并加压使之凝固而成的. (b) [Ln] take a particular shape or structure; develop 成一定形状或结构; 发展; 成型.  2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) into sth arrange(sb/sth) or be arranged in a certain order 将（某人[某事物]）按一定顺序排列: The children formed (into) a line/The teacher formed the children into a line. 这些小学生排成了一排[老师让学生排成一排]. * The volunteers formed (themselves into) three groups. 志愿人员分成三组.  3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) bring sth into existence; develop or organize sth 使某事物开始存在; 成立, 创立, 组织（某事物）: form a committee, society, company, etc 成立委员会、协会、公司等 * The Labour leader was asked to form a government. 要求工党领袖组织政府. * (fig 比喻) form an idea, impression, opinion, etc (of sb/sth) 形成（对某人[某事物]的）想法、印象、意见等 * form a relationship 建立关系. (b) [Ipr] come into existence; take shape or develop 开始存在; 出现; 产生: thunder clouds forming in the distance 远处出现的雷雨云 * Ice forms (ie Water becomes solid) at 0C. 水在0C时结冰. * A scab formed on his leg. 他腿上结了个痂.  4 [Ln] be the material of (sth); be an essential part of (sth); constitute 成为（某事物的）材料; 成为（某事物的）基本部分; 构成: His research formed the basis of his new book. 他的研究成果是他这本新书的基础. * Should the new department form part of the Faculty of Arts? 这个新的系属文学院吗? * The historical aspect formed the main theme of her essay. 她的论文的主题是由历史观点贯穿起来的.  5 [Tn] instruct or train (sb/sth) 指导或训练（某人[某物]）; 塑造; 养成: a character formed by strict discipline 靠严格的纪律培养起来的性格.  6 [Tn] produce (sth) as the particular spelling or pronunciation of a word 构成（字的某种拼写或发音形式）: form the plural of a noun by adding `s' 在词尾加s构成名词的复数.  7 (phr v) form (sb) up move (sb) into position in lines, as on parade 将（某人）编入队伍: The battalion formed up by companies on the barrack square. 全营以连为单位在军营广场上列队./ˈfɔːml; `fɔrml/ adj  1 following accepted rules of behaviour; showing or expecting careful, serious behaviour, as eg on official occasions or in distant, not close, relationships 正式的; 正规的; 按规矩的; 有礼貌的; 庄重的; 文雅的: She has a very formal manner. 她举止端庄. * a formal dinner, luncheon, dance, etc 正式的晚餐、午餐、舞会等 * formal dress 礼服 * `Request' is a more formal way of saying `ask for'. 用request一词比用ask for显得郑重.  2 regular or geometric in shape; symmetrical 形状整齐的; 成几何图形的; 匀称的: formal gardens 整齐的花园.  3 of the outward shape or appearance (in contrast to the content or substance) 外形的; 外观的; 形式上的: There is only a formal resemblance between the two systems; they are in fact radically different. 这两种体系只是在表面上有某种相似之处, 其实根本不同.  4 publicly declared and recognized as official 公开宣布的; 正式承认的: a formal denial 公开否认 * a formal declaration of war 正式宣战.  5 [attrib 作定语] (of education) officially given at a school, college, etc （指教育）正规的: The job does not require any formal training. 做这种工作不需要任何正规训练./fɔːˈmældɪhaɪd; fɔr`mældəˌhaɪd/ n [U] (chemistry 化) strong-smelling colourless gas used as a preservative and disinfectant when dissolved in water 甲醛./ˈfɔːməlɪn; `fɔrməlɪn/ n (chemistry 化) solution of formaldehyde in water, used as above 甲醛水溶液; 福尔马林.=> formalization=> formalize/-məlɪzəm; -mlˌɪzəm/ n [U] strict observance of external form, ceremony, technique, etc, often without concern for feeling or meaning, eg in art 形式主义: creativity reduced to an empty formalism 沦为空洞的形式主义的创造性./fɔːˈmælətɪ; fɔr`mælətɪ/ n  1 [U] careful observance of rules, conventions, etc of language or behaviour （语言或行为）认真遵循规范、正统等: At board meetings you have to get used to the formality of the language. 参加董事会议必须习惯那种古板的语言. * I found the formality of the occasion irritating. 我觉得这种场合的繁文缛节十分讨厌.  2 [C] (a) action required by convention or law 传统上的或法律上的手续: comply with all the necessary formalities 遵照一切必需的礼仪 * go through the legal formalities 办理法律手续. (b) such an action which no longer has much real importance or meaning 形式; 例行公事: They said the interview was just a formality/a mere formality, as they've already given me the job. 他们说面试只是一种例行公事, 因为他们已经把工作给我了./ˌfɔːməlaɪˈzeɪʃn; ˌfɔrmələ`zəʃən/ n [U]./ˈfɔːməlaɪz; `fɔrməˌlaɪz/ v [Tn] make (a plan, etc) official, esp by writing it down 使（计画等）成为正式的（尤指形成文字）: formalize the arrangements for the conference 把会议的各项安排确定下来. /-məlɪ; -mlɪ/ adv: The new rates of pay have not been formally agreed. 新的工资标准尚未正式同意./ˈfɔːmt; `fɔrmæt/ n  1 shape, size, binding, etc of a book （书的）版式, 开本, 装订方式: It's the same book, but a new format. 还是那本书, 但这是新的版式.  2 general arrangement, plan, design, etc of sth （某事物的）总体安排、计画、设计等: The format of the meeting was such that everyone could ask a question. 会议安排好可让每个人都能提一个问题.  3 arrangement or organization of data for processing or storage by a computer 格式.

v (-tt-) [Tn] arrange (sth) in a particular format, usu for a computer 按一定方式安排（某事物）; （通常指计算机）编排格式./fɔːˈmeɪʃn; fɔr`meʃən/ n  1 [U] organizing and developing (of sth) （某事物的）组织, 形成, 构成: the formation of a new government 新政府的组成 * the formation of national character 民族特性的形成.  2 [C] thing that is formed, esp in a particular or characteristic way 形成物（尤指结构特殊的）; 结构: cloud, rock formations 云层、岩层 * new word formations 新词的构成.  3 [U] particular arrangement or pattern 编排; 编队; 队形: aircraft flying in formation 编队飞行的飞机 * [attrib 作定语] for`mation flying 编队飞行./ˈfɔːmətɪv; `fɔrmətɪv/ adj [attrib 作定语] having an important and lasting influence on the development of sb's character 对某人的性格的形成有重要长期影响的: a child's formative years 儿童性格的形成时期 * formative influences in one's life 一生中影响性格形成的因素./ˈfɔːmə(r); `fɔrmɚ/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 of an earlier period or time 以前的: the former world champion 前世界冠军 * my former landlady 我以前的女房东 * in former times 以前 * She's back to her former self again, eg after an illness. 她又恢复了以前的样子（如病後）.  2 being the first mentioned of two things or people 前者的（两者中先提到的）: The former option favours the married man. 前一种选择对已婚男子有利.  3 (idm 习语) a shadow of one's/its former self => shadow.adv in earlier times; previously 以前; 从前: The company formerly belonged to an international banking group. 该公司以前隶属于一个国际银行集团. * Namibia, formerly South West Africa 纳米比亚, 旧称西南非洲. Cf 参看 latter./ˌfɔːmɪk ˈæsɪd; ˌfɔrmɪk `æsɪd/ colourless acid used in textile finishing, etc originally obtained from ants but now produced synthetically 甲酸; 蚁酸./fɔːˈmaɪkə; fɔr`maɪkə/ n [U] (propr 专利名) hard heat-resistant plastic made into sheets for covering surfaces 福米加（贴于家具等表面的抗热硬塑料薄板）./ˈfɔːmɪdəbl; `fɔrmɪdəbl/ adj  1 causing fear or great anxiety; frightening; awesome 引起恐惧或不安的; 可怕的; 可畏的: a formidable appearance, look, prospect 可怕的外表、神情、景象.  2 difficult to deal with or overcome 难以应付的; 难以克服的: formidable obstacles, opposition, debts 难以逾越的障碍、难以克服的反对力量、难以偿还的债务 * a formidable task 艰巨的任务.  3 inspiring awe and respect because of excellence and strength; very impressive 极好极强的; 了不起的; 令人敬畏的; 惊人的: a formidable athlete, competitor, list of qualifications 杰出的运动员、强大的竞争对手、了不起的资历. /-əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv.adj without a clear or definite shape or structure 形状或结构不清楚的; 无一定形状或结构的: formless shadows, ideas, dreams 模糊的影子、想法、梦. adv./ˈfɔːmjʊlə; `fɔrmjələ/ n (pl ~s or, in scientific use 作科技用语, 复数作 formulae / -mjUli:; -mjJli/) =>Usage at data 用法见data.  1 [C] (a) (chemistry 化) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made of 分子式: The formula for water is H2O. 水的分子式为H2O. (b) (mathematics or physics 数或物) expression of a rule or relationship in algebraic symbols 公式: the formula for converting gallons into litres 加仑与升的换算公式.  2 [C] fixed arrangement of words, esp as used on social, legal or ceremonial occasions 套语, 惯用语（尤指社交、法律场合或仪式上使用的）: `How d'you do' and `Excuse me' are social formulae. ｀你好＇和｀对不起＇是社交中的客套语. * know the formula for addressing bishops 知道对主教的习惯称呼.  3 [C] list of ingredients or set of instructions for making sth, esp medicines and fuels 配方; 药方; 处方: a formula for a new drug 新药的配方.  4 [C] set of statements or plans that can be agreed on by two or more persons or groups （双方或各方同意的）方案, 计画: Managers and workers are still working out a peace formula. 劳资双方仍在商谈制订和解方案.  5 [C] ~ (for sth) method, plan, or set of principles worked out to achieve a desired result （为达到预期目的而制订的）方法, 计画, 原则: There is no sure formula for success. 成功并无一定之规. * a formula for a happy marriage 美满婚姻的信条.  6 [U] classification of racing cars of a particular size, engine capacity, etc 方程式（根据汽车大小、发动机容量等对赛车的分级）: [attrib 作定语] Formula 1 racing cars 一级方程式赛车.  7 [U] (US) artificial powdered milk for babies 人造婴儿奶粉./ˌfɔːmjʊˈleɪɪk; ˌfɔrmjə`leɪk/ adj made up of set patterns of words 有固定用词格式的: Anglo-Saxon poetry is formulaic. 盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌有固定的格式./ˈfɔːmjʊleɪt; `fɔrmjəˌlet/ v [Tn]  1 create (sth) in a precise form 将（某事物）形式固定格式: formulate a rule, policy, theory, etc 制定规则、制定政策、创立理论.  2 express (sth) clearly and exactly using particular words 确切地表达（某思想）: formulate one's thoughts carefully 确切地阐述自己的思想 * The contract was formulated in difficult legal language. 该合同是用深奥的法律术语订立的./ˌfɔːmjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌfɔrmjə`leʃən/ n (a) [U] action of formulating 格式化; 公式化; 确切的表达. (b) [C] result of this 公式; 确切的表达: choose another formulation 选择另一种表达方式./ˈfɔːnɪkeɪt; `fɔrnɪˌket/ v [I] (fml esp derog 文, 尤作贬义) (of people not married to each other) have sexual intercourse （指无婚姻关系的人之间）性交; 通奸. /ˌfɔːnɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌfɔrnɪ`keʃən/ n [U]./fəˈseɪk; fɚ`sek/ v (pt forsook / fE5sUk; fL`sJk/, pp forsaken / fE5seIkEn; fL`sekEn/) [Tn]  1 (fml 文) give (sth) up; renounce 抛弃, 放弃（某事物）: forsake one's former habits 抛弃旧习惯.  2 leave (sb), esp when one should be helping him; abandon or desert 离开（某人）（尤指应予帮助时）; 遗弃; 舍弃: forsake one's family and friends 舍弃家人和朋友 * a dreary forsaken beach in winter 冬季人迹罕至的海滨./-əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be foreseen 可以预见的: (in) the forseeable future, ie (during) the period of time (usu short) when one knows what is going to happen （在）可预见的将来./fɔːˈsweə(r); fɔr`swɛr/ v (pt forswore / fR:5swR:(r); fRr`swRr/, pp forsworn / fR:5swR:n; fRr`swRrn/)(fml 文)  1 [Tn, Tg] (promise to) give up (sth); renounce （保证）放弃（某事物）; 舍弃: He had forsworn smoking. 他已经戒烟了.  2 [Tn] ~ oneself = perjure oneself (perjure)./fɔːˈsaɪθɪə; <i>US</i> fərˈsɪθɪə; fɚ`sɪθɪə/ n [U] bush with bright yellow flowers, blooming in the spring 连翘./fɔːt; fɔrt/ n  1 building(s) specially made or strengthened for the military defence of an area 要塞; 堡垒; 碉堡; 城堡.  2 (idm 习语) hold the `fort have the responsibility or care of sth/sb in the absence of others 代他人尽责或替他人关照某人[某事物]./ˈfɔːteɪ; <i>US</i> fɔːrt; fɔrt/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) thing that sb does particularly well; strong point 某人擅长的事; 长处; 特长: Mathematics was never my forte. 数学一向非我所长.

/ˈfɔːteɪ; `fɔrte/ adj, adv (abbr 缩写 f) (music 音) loud; (to be) played loudly 强音（的）; 用强音演奏（的）. Cf 参看 piano1./fɔːθ; fɔrθ/ adv part  1 (arch 古) out from home, etc （离家等处）外出: explorers who ventured forth to discover new lands 冒险去发现新地域的探险家.  2 (fml 文) onwards; forwards 向前; 向前方: from that day forth 从那天起.  3 (idm 习语) and (,so on and) `so forth and other things of the kind that have already been mentioned 等, 等等（表示列举未尽）: They discussed investments, the state of the economy and so forth. 他们讨论了投资和经济状况等问题. back and forth => back3./ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ; `fɔrθ`kʌmɪŋ/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] about to happen or appear in the near future 即将发生或出现的: the ,forthcoming e`lections 即将举行的选举 * a list of ,forthcoming `books, ie those about to be published 即将出版的图书的目录.  2 [pred 作表语] (often with a negative 常与否定词连用) ready or made available when needed （需要时）现成, 可得到: The money we asked for was not forthcoming. 我们要的钱尚未得到.  3 [pred 作表语] ready to help, give information, etc 愿意帮忙或提供信息等: The secretary at the reception desk was not very forthcoming. 接待处的秘书不太主动./ˈfɔːθraɪt; fɔrθ`raɪt/ adj clear and honest in manner and speech; straightforward 言行坦诚的; 直率的: He has a reputation for being a forthright critic. 他是以直率着称的评论家. * condemnation in the most forthright language 直言不讳的谴责./ˌfɔːθˈwɪθ; <i>US</i> -ˈwɪð; fɔrθ`wɪθ/ adv (fml 文) immediately; at once 立刻; 立即; 即刻; 马上: Mr Jones will be dismissed forthwith. 琼斯先生即将被解职.=> forty.

/ˈfɔːtɪəθ; `fɔrtɪɪθ/ pron, det 40th; next after thirty-ninth 第40, 第四十（个）.  n one of forty equal parts of sth 四十分之一./ˌfɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˌfɔrtəfə`keʃən/ n  1 [U] fortifying; strengthening 加强防卫; 强化: plans for the fortification of the city 加强城市防御的计画.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] tower, wall, ditch, etc built to defend a place against attack 碉堡、围墙、战壕等防御进攻的建筑物: These fortifications were all built during the last war. 这些防御工事都是上次战争时修筑的.wine strengthened by adding strong alcohol 加度葡萄酒: Port and madeira are fortified wines. 波尔图酒和马德拉酒都是加度葡萄酒./ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ; `fɔrtəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sth) (a) strengthen (a place) against attack, by building walls, etc 防卫（某地）（筑围墙等）: fortify a town against invasion 加强防卫一城镇以抵御敌人入侵 * a fortified city 设防的城市. (b) support or strengthen (sb) physically or morally （在物质或道义上）支持（某人）: Fortified against the cold by a heavy coat, he went out into the snow. 他穿上御寒的大衣冒雪外出. * fortify oneself by prayer and meditation 通过祈祷和冥想增强自己的信念.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] increase the nutritional value of (a variety of food) by adding vitamins （添加维生素）增加（食物的）营养价值: cereal fortified with extra vitamins 强化营养麦片./fɔːˈtɪsɪməʊ; fɔr`tɪsəˌmo/ adj, adv (abbr 缩写 ff) (music 音) very loud; (to be) played very loudly 最强音（的）; 用最强音演奏（的）./ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd; <i>US</i> -tuːd; `fɔrtəˌtᴜd/ n [U] courage, endurance and self-control in facing pain, danger or difficulty （在痛苦、危险或困难面前表现出的）勇气、坚韧和自制力: He bore the pain with great fortitude. 他以极大的毅力忍受了痛苦./ˈfɔːtnaɪt; `fɔrtnaɪt/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) (esp Brit)  1 (period of) two weeks 两星期（的时间）; 两周: a fortnight's holiday 两周的假期 * a fortnight ago 两星期前 * a fortnight today/tomorrow/on Tuesday, ie two weeks after the day specified 自今天[明天/星期二]起两周之後.  2 (idm 习语) this day fortnight => day.adj, adv (esp Brit) (happening) once a fortnight 每两星期（发生）一次（的）: a fortnightly flight to Brazil 每两周飞往巴西一次的航班 * go home fortnightly 每两星期回家一次./ˈfɔːtræn; `fɔrtræn/ abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) formula translation, a programminglanguage used esp for scientific calculations 公式翻译（尤指用于科学计算的程序语言）./ˈfɔːtrɪs; `fɔrtrɪs/ n castle or large fort; town strengthened against attack 城堡或大的碉堡; 加强防御能力的城镇: attempts to capture this well-protected fortress 夺取这座坚固堡垒的多次进攻./fɔːˈtjuːɪtəs; <i>US</i> -ˈtuː-; fɔr`tuətəs/ adj (fml 文) happening by chance or coincidence 偶然发生的; 巧合的: a fortuitous meeting 偶然相遇./ˈfɔːtʃuːn; `fɔrtʃən/ n  1 [U] chance, esp regarded as a power affecting people's lives: (good or bad) luck 机会（尤指对人们生活有重要影响的）; （好的或坏的）运气: By a stroke (ie instance) of (good) fortune, he won the competition. 他靠（好）运气在竞赛中获胜. * be a victim of ill (ie bad) fortune 成为恶运的牺牲品 * I had the good fortune (ie was lucky enough) to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运, 被选中出国旅行.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] event or change in the life of a person or in the progress of a country, business, etc （在人生中或在国家业务等的发展中的）事情或转变: The party's fortunes were at their lowest level after the election defeat. 该党在竞选失败後每况愈下.  3 [C] person's destiny or future; fate 个人的运气或前途; 命运: At the fair a gypsy told (me) my fortune, eg by looking at playing-cards or the lines on my hand. 有个吉普赛人在游乐场上给我算过命.  4 [C] large amount of money 大笔的钱; 巨款: That ring is worth/must have cost a fortune. 那戒指很值钱. * She inherited a large fortune. 她继承了一大笔财产. * He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料发了大财.  5 (idm 习语) the fortune(s) of `war the good or bad luck one meets with in war 个人在战争中遇到的好运或恶运: made homeless by the fortunes of war 因战乱而无家可归. a hostage to fortune => hostage. seek one's fortune => seek. a small fortune => small. a soldier of fortune => soldier.(US) thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message (eg a proverb, prophecy or joke), served in Chinese restaurants 签语饼（中国餐馆飨客的小脆饼, 包着印有谚语、预言或笑话的小纸条）.n (derog 贬) person who wants to marry sb for money 为追求钱财而与某人结婚的人.n person who tells people's fortunes 算命者; 看相者./ˈfɔːtɪ; `fɔrtɪ/ pron, det, n 40; one more than thirty-nine  40, 四十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n  1 [C] the number 40 *40; 四十.  2 the forties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 40 to 49 从40到49的数目、年数或温度.  3 (idm 习语) in one's forties between the ages of 40 and 50 在40岁到50岁之间.n small record that is designed to be played on a record-player at 45 revolutions a minute （每分钟45转的）小唱片. For the uses of forty and fortieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关于forty和fortieth的用法见fifty、five和fifth词条中的示例./ˈfɔːrəm; `fɔrəm/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) place where important public issues can be discussed （讨论公共问题的）场所, 论坛: The letters page serves as a useful forum for the exchange of readers' views. 读者来信版是读者们交换意见的有益园地.  2 (in ancient Rome) public place where meetings were held （古罗马）集会的公共场所./ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/ adj  1 [attrib 作定语] (a) directed or moving towards the front 向前方的; 向前进的: forward movement 向前运动. (b) situated in front; near or at the front 位于前面的; 接近或在前面的: forward ranks of troops 军队队列的前几排 * The forward part of the train is for first-class passengers only. 火车的前部只是头等车厢.  2 (of plants, crops, etc) having progressed more than is normal or expected; (of children) having developed certain abilities earlier than normal; well advanced （指花草、农作物等）早熟的; （指儿童）发育早的; 早熟的: The summer crops were forward this year. 今年夏季农作物成熟得早. * a forward child 早熟的孩子.  3 [attrib 作定语] of or relating to the future 未来的; 与未来有关的: forward planning 对未来的计画 * (commerce 商) forward buying, ie buying goods at present prices for delivery later 预购. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.  4 (a) ready and willing to be involved; eager 热心参与的; 急切的: be forward in helping others 热心助人的. (b) too eager; too bold in one's manner; presumptuous 过于急切的; （行为）过于大胆的; 冒昧的; 孟浪的; 莽撞的: a forward young girl 冒失的女孩子 * I hope you'll apologize  that was a very forward thing to do. 我希望你能道歉--那事你做得太莽撞了. Cf 参看 backward.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/ adv  1 (also forwards) towards the front or end, into a prominent position 向前或向末端（到达一突出位置）: Move forward carefully or you'll slip. 小心地往前走, 不然会滑倒. * play a tape-recording forwards, not backwards 将录音带向前转, 别向後倒 * push one's way forward 挤着往前走. Cf 参看 back3 1.  2 onward so as to make progress 向前; 前进: an important step forward 向前迈进的重要一步 * We are not getting any further forward with the project. 我们目前在该计画上没有什么进展. * The project will go forward as planned. 该工程将按计画进行.  3 towards the future; onwards in time 向着将来; 向着未来: from this time forward 从此以後 * Look forward and consider the advantages of a larger house. 从长远着想, 考虑一下大房子的好处.  4 (idm 习语) backward(s) and forward(s) => backwards (backward). put one's best foot forward => best1. put the clock/clocks forward/back => clock1.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The suffix -ward means `in the direction of' and forms adverbs and adjectives*-ward这一後缀意为｀向着某方向＇, 用以构成副词和形容词: forward, backward, westward, homeward, etc 向前、向後、向西、向家里等. The suffix -wards has the same meaning but only forms adverbs *-wards与-ward意思相同但只能构成副词: forwards, backwards, westwards, homewards, etc 向前、向後、向西、向家里等. Compare 试比较: They turned westward/westwards after crossing the river. 他们过河以後向西拐了. They travelled in a westward direction. 他们往西走了. *  He leant forward/forwards to see better. 他把身子向前探, 以便看得更清楚. To move house requires forward planning. 要搬家得先做好计画.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/ v  1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (a letter, etc) to a new address 将（信件等）投递到新地址; 转递: please forward, ie a note written on an envelope, a parcel, etc 请转递（写在信封、包裹上的字样） * Please forward our post (to our new home) when we move. 我们搬家後, 请将邮件转递（到我们的新住处）. (b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send or dispatch (esp goods or information) to a customer （向客户）发送或递送（尤指货物或信息）: forward a shipment of gloves 发送一批手套 * We have today forwarded you our new catalogue. 我们今天已将新目录发送给你们了.  2 [Tn] help to advance or develop (sth); further 帮助促进或发展（某事物）; 增进; 提高: forward sb's plans, career, interests, etc. 促使完成某人的计画、发展某人的事业、提高某人的利益.

/ˈfɔːwəd; `fɔrwɚd/ n attacking player near the front in football, hockey, etc （足球、曲棍球等的）前锋. Cf 参看 striker 2.adj (approv 褒) concerned with the future; having modern ideas; progressive 有前途的;有现代思想的; 进步的: a young forward-looking company新兴的有发展前途的公司.new address to which post is to be forwarded （邮件转递的）新地址: He moved house without leaving a forwarding address. 他搬家了, 没留下新地址.person or company that forwards (forward 1a) goods 转运行; 转运商.n [U] state of being forward1(4b) 过于急切的行为; 胆大妄为; 冒昧; 莽撞: Such forwardness is deplorable. 像这样的胆大妄为应该受到指责.pt of forgo./ˈfɒsl; `fɑsl/ n  1 remains of a prehistoric animal or plant preserved by being buried in earth and now hardened like rock 化石: This fossil may be over 2 million years old. 这化石可能超过二百万年了. * [attrib 作定语] fossil bones, shells, etc 变成化石的骨、贝壳等.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) person, esp an old one, who is unable to accept new ideas or adapt to new conditions 不能接受新思想或不能适应新情况的人（尤指老年人）; 老顽固; 老古董: Our literature teacher is an old fossil. 我们的文学老师是个老顽固.fuel, eg coal or oil, formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric animals or plants 矿物燃料, 化石燃料（如煤或石油）.=> fossilization=> fossilize/ˌfɒsəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-;ˌfɑslə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈfɒsəlaɪz; `fɑslˌaɪz/ v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态]  1 (cause sth to) become a fossil （使某物）成为化石: fossilized leaves 成为化石的叶子.  2 (fig 比喻) make (sth) or become out of date or fixed 使（某事物）（变得）过时或固定不变: old-fashioned fossilized attitudes 落後的、固定不变的看法. /ˈfɒstə(r); <i>US</i> ˈfɔː-; `fɔstɚ/ v  1 [Tn] help the growth or development of (sth); encourage or promote 培养, 培育（某物）; 鼓励; 促进: foster an interest, attitude, impression, etc 培养兴趣、滋长某种情绪、加深印象 * foster the growth of local industries 扶植地方工业.  2 [I, Tn] take care of and bring up (a child that is not legally one's own) 照顾, 抚养（法律上不属于自己的孩子）; 领养; 收养: People who cannot have a baby of their own sometimes foster (a child). 不能生育的人有时领养别人的（孩子）. Cf 参看 adopt 1.(forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) with a family connection through fostering rather than of birth 通过收养而产生家庭关系的: a `foster-parent, -mother, -child, -son, -sister, etc * a `foster-home.pt, pp of fight./faʊl; faᴜl/ adj  1 having a bad smell or taste; dirty and disgusting 难闻的; 有恶味的; 污秽的; 令人厌恶的: foul stagnant ponds 臭烘烘的死水塘 * a foul rubbish dump 又脏又臭的垃圾堆 * This medicine tastes foul! 这药味让人恶心!  2 (a) unpleasant; dreadful 不愉快的; 可怕的: `Go away! I've had a foul day at work.' ｀走开! 我干了一天活儿够受的了.＇ * His boss has a foul temper. 他的老板的脾气很坏. (b) evil or wicked 邪恶的; 罪恶的: a foul crime 邪恶的罪行.  3 (of language) obscene and offensive; full of swear-words （指语言）猥亵的, 无礼的; 充满脏话的.  4 (of weather) very rainy and windy; stormy or rough （指天气）风雨大作的, 暴风雨的, 恶劣的: The spring was foul this year  it was cold and wet for weeks. 今春天气恶劣--一连几个星期又冷又潮湿.  5 (sport 体) (of an action) against the rules; unfair （指动作）犯规的, 不正当的: a foul stroke 犯规的一击.  6 (of a chimney, pipe, etc) blocked with waste, etc so that nothing can pass through （指烟囱、管道等）不通畅的, 阻塞的.  7 (idm 习语) by fair means or foul => fair1.fall foul of sb/sth have a confrontation or disagreement with sb/sth, esp the government or the authorities 与某人[某事物]冲突或不一致（尤指与政府或当局）: The police never caught him in any criminal activity but he eventually fell foul of the tax authorities. 警方从未当场见到他有犯罪活动, 但他最终却与税务局惹上了官非.

n (sport 体) action that is against the rules of a game （比赛中的）犯规行为: That last foul (against/on Smith) lost us the match. 最後那次（对史密斯）犯规使我们输了那场比赛.

/faʊl; faᴜl/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth dirty 弄脏某物: Dogs are not permitted to foul (ie excrete on) the pavement. 禁止狗在人行道上便溺. * The factories are responsible for fouling up the air for miles around. 这些工厂造成了很大范围的空气污染.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become caught or twisted (in sth) （使某物）缠结; （与某物）缠住: The ropes have fouled (up). 绳子缠住了. * My fishing-line got fouled (up) in an old net. 我的钓丝跟旧鱼网缠在一起了.  3 [I, Tn] (sport 体) commit a foul against (another player) （对运动员）犯规: He fouled the same player again in the second half. 他在下半场对同一运动员再次犯规.  4 (idm 习语) foul one's (own) nest bring disgrace, etc to one's home, family, profession, country, etc （给自己的家庭、家人、职业、国家等）带来耻辱等.  5 (phr v) foul sth up (infml 口) spoil sth, usu by behaving in a thoughtless or foolish way; mess sth up 弄乱某事物（通常因粗心或愚蠢的行为所致）; 搞糟: Everything was just fine until Fred came along and fouled things up. 本来一切都井井有条, 弗雷德一来就给搞得乱七八糟. * The weather has really fouled up my holiday plans. 我的假日安排因天气关系已全部打乱了.1 action that is against the rules of a sport; unfair or illegal dealings （运动中的）犯规行为; 不正当的或违法的交易: fresh evidence of foul play in financial dealings 在财务方面违法的新证据.  2 criminal violence that leads to murder （导致谋杀的）犯罪暴力行为: The police suspect foul play rather than suicide. 警方怀疑是谋杀不是自杀.adj using obscene and offensive language 用猥亵、无礼语言的: a ,foul-mouthed `child 说脏话的孩子.n (infml 口) spoiling or upsetting of arrangements, relationships, etc （安排、关系等的）混乱, 差错: We'll finish the project on time if there are no more foul-ups. 只要不再出差错, 我们就能按时完成计画./ˈfaʊllɪ; `faᴜllɪ/ adv.n [U].pt, pp of find.

/faʊnd; faᴜnd/ v  1 [Tn] (begin to) build (sth); establish （开始）建设（某物）; 建立; 创建; 创立: This settlement was founded in 1592. 该居民点建立于1592年. * The ancient Romans founded colonies throughout Europe. 古罗马人在整个欧洲建立了殖民地.  2 [Tn] start or establish (an organization, institution, etc), esp by providing money 创办, 创建（组织、机构等）（尤指提供资金）: found a research institute, company, hospital, etc 创办研究机构、公司、医院等.  3 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用于被动语态] ~ sth on sth base or construct sth on sth 将某事物建立在另一事物的基础上: a novel founded on fact 根据事实写成的小说 * a morality founded on religious principles 基于宗教原则的道德.

/faʊnd; faᴜnd/ v  1 melt (metal) and pour it into a mould 熔化（金属）後注入模具; 熔铸.  2 make (an object) from metal in this way （用金属）铸造（物件）./faʊnˈdeɪʃn; faᴜn`deʃən/ n  1 [U] act of founding (an institution, organization, etc) （机构、组织等的）建立, 创立, 创办: the foundation of the university 大学的创办.  2 [C] (a) (organization set up to provide) sums of money for research, charity, etc （为研究、慈善事业等提供的）基金, 基金会: the Ford Foundation福特基金 * You may be able to get support from an arts foundation. 你可以从文艺基金会得到资助. (b) institution, eg a college or hospital, that is established by means of such a fund （用基金建立的）机构（如学院或医院）.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] layer of bricks, concrete, etc forming the solid base of a building underground 地基; 房基; 基础: lay the foundations of a building 给建筑物奠基 * The huge lorries shook the foundations of the house. 大卡车驶过时, 连房基都震动了.  4 [C, U] principle, idea or fact on which sth is based; basis （作为某事的）基本原则、思想或事实; 基础: lay the foundations of one's career 奠定个人事业的基础 * The political scandal shook the nation to its very foundations. 这一政治丑闻从根本上动摇了该国家. * The conclusions must have some solid foundation in reality. 这些结论一定有些牢固的现实基础. * That rumour has no foundation/is without foundation in fact. 那谣言没有事实根据.  5 [U] (also foundation cream) cream put on the face before other make-up is applied 粉底霜（化妆品）.course taken at a college, etc that usu covers a wide range of subjects and prepares students for more advanced studies 基础课.n large block of stone laid at a special ceremony to mark the founding of a public building 奠基石（在奠基典礼上放置的大石块, 标志公共建筑物开工）./ˈfaʊndə(r); `faᴜndɚ/ n person who founds or establishes sth 建立或创立某事物的人; 建立者; 缔造者: founder of a city, institution, company, etc 城市、机构、公司等的创建人.

/ˈfaʊndə(r); `faᴜndɚ/ v  1 [I] (of a plan, etc) fail; break down （指计画等）失败, 垮掉: The project foundered as a result of lack of finance. 该项目因缺乏资金而告吹.  2 [I] (of a ship) fill with water and sink （指船）沉没: The boat foundered on rocks near the harbour. 船在港口附近触礁沉没.  3 [I] (esp of a horse) fall or stumble （尤指马）摔倒, 绊: The mare foundered under the heavy load and collapsed in the road. 那母马因负载过重而倒在路上.n one of the first and founding members of a society, an organization, etc （团体、组织等的）最初建立者; 发起人; 创始人.1 person who establishes an institution, a popular movement, etc 创办机构、发起民众运动等的人; 创始人: the founding fathers of modern linguistics 现代语言学的创始人.  2 Founding Father member of the body that in 1787 drew up the Constitution of the USA （1787年起草美国宪法的）制宪会议成员./ˈfaʊndlɪŋ; `faᴜndlɪŋ/ n (arch 古) abandoned child of unknown parents who is found by sb 弃儿./ˈfaʊndrɪ; `faᴜndrɪ/ n place where metal or glass is melted and moulded into articles of particular shapes 铸造厂; 玻璃厂./faʊnt; faᴜnt/ n ~ (of sth) (rhet or arch 修辞或古) source or origin (of sth); fountain （某事物的）来源或根源; 泉: the fount of all wisdom 一切智慧的源泉.

/faʊnt; faᴜnt/ (also font/ fCnt; fBnt/) n set of printing type of one style and size 一套（字体和字号相同的印刷用）活字./ˈfaʊntɪn; <i>US</i> -tn; `fɑᴜntn/ n  1 jet of water, esp one forced up into the air artificially as an ornament 喷水; （尤指人造的作装饰用的）喷泉: The fountains of Rome are famed for their architectural beauty. 罗马的喷泉以其建筑之美而着称. * A fountain of water gushed from the broken fire hydrant. 从损坏的消防栓里喷出水来.  2 = drinking fountain (drink2).  3 ~ (of sth) (rhet or arch 修辞或古) source or origin (of sth); fount （某事物的）来源或根源; 源泉: the fountain of justice 正义的源泉.n origin or source 根源; 来源: the fountain-head of power 力量的根源.n pen with a container from which ink flows continuously to the nib 自来水笔./fɔː(r); fɔr/ pron, det  1 4; one more than three  4, 四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.  2 (idm 习语) on all `fours (of a person) with one's hands and knees (and usu also toes) on the ground （指人）双手和双膝（通常还用脚趾）着地, 趴着: The baby was crawling about on all fours. 婴儿那时正在满处爬. =>illus at kneel 见kneel插图. (be) on all fours (with sb/sth) (be) the same in importance, function, etc (as sb/sth else) （重要性, 作用等）（与某人[某事物]）相同, 一致.

n  1 the number 4  *4; 四.  2 group of four people or things 四个人或物的一组.  3 (crew of a) rowing-boat for four people 四人划行的船（员）.  4 (in cricket) shot, scoring four runs, in which the ball crosses the boundary after having hit the ground （板球）得四分的一击.(in compounds 用以构成复合词) having four of the thing specified 有四个...的: a four-sided figure.n coach or carriage pulled by four horses and driven by one person 驷马车（一人驾御四匹马拉的马车）.any of various short words, usu referring to sexual or other bodily functions, that are considered obscene or offensive 粗俗、下流的词; 脏话.adj (of wool, wood, etc) having four strands or thicknesses （指毛线、木材等）四股的, 四层的.n (also ,four-poster `bed) (esp formerly) large bed with a tall post at each of the four corners to support curtains （尤指旧时）四柱大床（四角各有一柱以支撑幔帐的）.adj (a) square-shaped 方形的; 方的. (b) solidly based; steady or resolute 不动摇的; 坚定的; 坚决的; 果断的: a ,four-square ap`proach to the problem 对该问题的强硬态度.(of a vehicle in which) power is applied to all four wheels （指车辆）四轮驱动的. For the uses of four and fourth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于four和fourth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./ˈfɔːfəʊld; `fɔr`fold/ adj, adv  1 four times as much or as many 四倍（的）: The population in this area has increased fourfold. 该地区的人口已增加到四倍.  2 having four parts 有四部分（的）./ˈfɔːsəm; `fɔrsəm/ n  1 four people joining together to play a game, esp golf 四人参加的游戏（尤指高尔夫球）.  2 two couples undertaking a leisure activity together 两对男女一同参加的娱乐活动: Let's make (up) a foursome and go out to a restaurant. 咱们四个人（两对男女）一起下饭馆吧./ˌfɔːˈtiːn; fɔr`tin/ pron, det 14; one more than thirteen  14, 十四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4.

n the number 14 *14; 十四./ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ; fɔr`tinθ/ pron, det 14th; next after thirteenth 第14, 第十四（个）.  n one of fourteen equal parts of sth 十四分之一. For the uses of fourteen and fourteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关于fourteen和fourteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例./fɔːθ; fɔrθ/ pron, det 4th; next after third 第4, 第四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. fourthly adv in the fourth position or place 在第四位. the fourth di`mension the dimension of time 第四维（时间）. the ,Fourth of Ju`ly anniversary of the Declaration of Independence (1776) of the United States from Britain 美国独立纪念日（1776年7月4日）.  n one of four equal parts of sth 四分之一./faʊl; faᴜl/ n  1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作fowls) domestic cock or hen 鸡: We keep a few fowls and some goats. 我们养了几只鸡和一些山羊.  2 [U] flesh of certain types of birds, eaten for food 禽肉; 鸡肉: We had fish for the first course, followed by roast fowl and fresh vegetables. 我们吃的第一道菜是鱼, 接着上的菜是烤禽肉和新鲜蔬菜.  3 [C] (arch 古) any bird 任何鸟类: the fowls of the air 飞禽.  4 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) bird of the type specified 某种禽鸟: `waterfowl * barnyard fowl * `wildfowl.

v [I] (usu 通常作 go `fowling) hunt or snare wildfowl 猎捕野禽.type of infectious disease among chickens, etc 家禽的瘟疫./fɒks; fɑks/ n  1 (a) [C] (fem 阴性作 vixen / 5vIksn;`vIksn/) wild animal of the dog family, with reddish brown fur, a pointed face and a bushy tail 狐; 狐狸: Hunting foxes is a peculiarly English sport. 猎狐是英国特有的运动. * The fox is known for its cleverness and cunning. 狐狸的机敏和狡猾是人所共知的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. (b) [U] its skin and fur used to make coats, etc 狐皮.  2 [C] (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) person who is clever and able to get what he wants by deceiving or manipulating others 狡猾的人; 老狐狸: a crafty/sly old fox 狡猾的老狐狸.

v  1 [Tn] (a) be too difficult for (sb) to understand; baffle or confuse 使（某人）难以理解; 使困惑; 使迷惑: He was completely foxed by her behaviour. 他对她的所作所为大感迷惑. (b) trick (sb) by cunning; deceive （用诡计）骗（某人）; 欺骗.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] discolour (the pages of a book) with brown marks （生褐斑）使（书页）褪色: This volume is foxed on the flyleaf. 这卷书的空白页发黄了.n [U] sport in which a fox is hunted by foxhounds and people on horses 猎狐（骑着马用猎狐狗猎狐的运动）.n type of short-haired dog, formerly used to drive foxes out of their holes 猎狐狗（旧时用以将狐狸从洞中赶出的）./ˈfɒksglʌv; `fɑksˌˇlʌv/ n tall plant with purple or white bell-shaped flowers growing up its stem 洋地黄; 毛地黄. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.n hole in the ground dug by soldiers as a shelter against enemy fire and as a firing-point 散兵坑.n type of dog trained to hunt foxes 猎狐狗./ˈfɒkstrɒt; `fɑksˌtrɑt/ n (music for a) formal dance with both slow and quick steps 狐步舞; 狐步舞曲.

v (-tt-) [I] dance the foxtrot 跳狐步舞./ˈfɒksɪ; `fɑksɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 crafty or deceitful; cunning 狡猾的; 骗人的; 狡诈的.  2 like a fox in appearance, ie reddish brown in colour or having a fox-like face 貌似狐狸的（即赤褐色的或面貌像狐狸 的）.  3 ( sl approv 俚, 褒 esp US) (of a woman) physically attractive; sexy （指女人）长得漂亮的, 性感的: a foxy lady 性感的女人./ˈfɔɪeɪ; <i>US</i> ˈfɔɪər; `fɔɪɚ/ n entrance hall or large open space in a theatre, hotel, etc where people can meet or wait （剧场、旅馆等的）门厅, 休息厅: I'll meet you in the foyer at 7 o'clock. 我七点钟和你在门厅见面./ˌef piː ˈeɪ; ˌɛf pi `e/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Family Planning Association 计画生育协会.abbr 缩写 =  1 (religion 宗) Father: Fr (Paul) Black （保罗·）布莱克神父.  2 French.abbr 缩写 = franc(s): fr18.50  18.50法郎./ˈfrækɑː; <i>US</i> ˈfreɪkəs; `frekəs/ n (pl unchanged 复数不变 / -kB:z; -kBz/; US ~es / -kEsEz; -kEsIz/) (usu sing 通常作单数) noisy quarrel, fight, or disturbance 大声争吵; 打闹; 骚乱: The police were called in to break up (ie stop) the fracas. 警察奉命去制止骚乱./ˈfrækʃn; `frækʃən/ n  1 small part, bit, amount, or proportion (of sth) （某物的）小部分, 一点儿, 少许, 片断: The car stopped within a fraction of an inch of the wall. 汽车在离墙不到一英寸的地方停住了. * Could you move a fraction closer? 你能不能稍微再挪近点儿?  2 precise division of a number, eg , , 0.76  分数, 小数（如、、0.76）./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj  1 of or in fractions 部分的; 少许的; 片断的; 分数的; 小数的: a fractional equation 分数方程式.  2 very small; trivial or unimportant 极小的; 轻微的; 无足轻重的: a fractional difference in prices 微小的差价. /-ʃənəlɪ;-ʃənəlɪ/ adv to a very small degree; marginally 达极小程度地; 轻微地: One dancer was fractionally out of step. 有个跳舞人的舞步稍微有些不合拍./ˈfrækʃəs; `frækʃəs/ adj (esp of children) irritable; bad-tempered （尤指儿童）易怒的, 脾气坏的. adv. n [U]./ˈfræktʃə(r); `fræktʃɚ/ n (a) [C] instance of breaking (esp a bone) 折断; 断裂; 破裂; （尤指）骨折: a fracture of the leg 腿部骨折 * He had several injuries, including three fractures. 他多处受伤, 其中三处是骨折. * a compound/simple fracture, ie one in which the skinis/is not pierced by the broken bone 有创[单纯]骨折 * a slight fracture in a pipe 管道的裂缝. (b) [U] breaking or breakage, esp of a bone 折断; 断裂; 破裂; （尤指）骨折: the site of fracture 断裂的位置.

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break or crack （使某物）折断, 破碎: Her leg fractured in two places. 她的腿有两处骨折. * suffer from a fractured pelvis 出现骨盆骨折./ˈfrædʒaɪl; <i>US</i> -dʒl; `frædʒəl/ adj  1 easily damaged or broken; delicate 易受伤害的; 易碎的; 易损的: fragile china/glass 易碎的瓷器[玻璃器皿] * a fragile plant 娇嫩的植物 * (fig 比喻) Human happiness is so fragile. 人生幸福易逝. * a fragile economy 疲软的经济.  2 (infml 口) not strong and healthy; weak, eg because one has drunk too much alcohol 不强健的, 弱的（如因酗酒所致）: He's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party. 他参加了昨晚的聚会以後, 现在觉得有些虚弱. Cf 参看 frail. /frəˈdʒɪlətɪ; frə`dʒɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈfrægmənt; `fræˇmənt/ n  1 small part or piece broken off (sth) （某物的）碎片: find several fragments of a Roman vase 发现古罗马花瓶的几块残片.  2 separate or incomplete part (of sth) （某事物的）片断或不完整部分: I heard only a fragment of their conversation. 我只听到他们谈话的只言片语.

/frægˈment; `fræˇ`mɛnt/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into small pieces or parts; split up （使某物）破碎或裂开; 分裂; 分离: These bullets fragment on impact. 这些子弹射中物体时爆炸成碎片. * (fig 比喻) Ownership of the large estates is increasingly fragmented, ie divided among several people. 大片地皮的产权逐渐分成若干份./ˈfrægməntrɪ; <i>US</i> -terɪ; `fræˇmənˌtɛrɪ/ adj made up of small incomplete or unconnected parts 由小的、不完整的或无联系的部分组成的: fragmentary evidence 支离破碎的证据./ˌfrægmenˈteɪʃn; ˌfræˇmɛn`teʃən/ n [U]. fragmentation bomb bomb designed to break up into many small pieces 杀伤炸弹（爆炸时成小碎片）./ˈfreɪgrəns; `freˇrəns/ n (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] pleasant or sweet smell; scent or perfume 好闻的或芳香的气味; 香; 香料: Lavender has a delicate fragrance. 薰衣草有淡淡的香味. (b) [U] quality of having a pleasant or sweet smell 芳香./ˈfreɪgrənt; `freˇrənt/ adj having a pleasant or sweet smell 有香味的; 芳香的: fragrant herbs, flowers, etc 香的药草、花等. adv./freɪl; frel/ adj  1 (of a person) physically weak or delicate （指人）体弱的, 虚弱的: a frail child 体弱的孩子 * At 90, she's getting very old and frail. 她90岁时渐渐非常衰老、虚弱.  2 easily broken; fragile 易破碎的; 易损的: Careful: that chair's rather frail! 小心点儿: 那把椅子不结实!  3 morally weak 道德观念薄弱的: frail human nature 易堕落的人性./ˈfreɪltɪ; `freltɪ/ n  1 [U] physical weakness （身体）虚弱.  2 [C, U] (instance of) weakness in character or morals; fault or imperfection （性格）软弱; （道德观念）薄弱; 错误; 缺点: She continued to love him despite his many frailties. 尽管他有很多缺点, 但她仍爱他. * human frailty 人类的弱点./freɪm; frem/ n  1 border of wood, metal, etc in which a picture, door, pane of glass, etc is enclosed or set （木材、金属等做的）框架: a picture frame 画框 * a window frame 窗框.  2 rigid structure of a piece of furniture, building, vehicle, etc which makes its shape and forms a support for its parts （家具、建筑物、车辆等的）框架, 支架, 骨架: the frame of a cupboard, bed, rucksack 柜厨的框架、床的框架、帆布包的支架 * the frame of an aircraft, a car, etc 飞机、汽车等的框架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii, =>illus 见插图.  3 (usu pl 通常作复数) structure of plastic, metal, etc that holds the lenses of a pair of glasses in place 眼镜框: glasses with heavy black frames 黑色粗框眼镜. =>illus at glass 见glass插图.  4 (usu sing 通常作单数) human or animal body; its form or structure （人或动物的）身体; 体形; 身体结构: Sobs shook her slender frame. 她抽泣着, 苗条的身体都在颤动.  5 general order or system that forms the background to sth （构成某事物背景的）规律或制度; 体制; 模式: the frame of contemporary society 现代社会的模式.  6 (a) any of the single photographs that make up a cinema film （影片的）一个镜头, 一个画面. (b) single picture in a comic strip （连环漫画中的）一幅画.  7 = cold frame (cold1).  8 (a) (in snooker, etc) triangular structure for positioning balls （落袋台球戏等）（摆放球的）三角框. (b) (in snooker, bowling, etc) single round of play （落袋台球 戏、地滚球戏等）一轮, 一局, 一回.  9 (idm 习语) a frame of `mind particular state of one's mind or feelings; mood 心境; 心情; 情绪; 思想状态: I'm not in the right frame of mind to start discussing money. 我现在没心思来商量钱的问题. a frame of `reference set of principles, standards or observations used as a basis for one's judgement, behaviour, etc （作为个人的判断、行为等的依据的）原则, 标准, 观点: sociological studies conducted within a Marxist frame of reference 以马克思主义观点指导的社会学研究.

/freɪm; frem/ v  1 (a) [Tn] put or build aframe1(1) round (sth) （给某物）镶框; （给某物）做框: frame a photograph, painting, etc 给照片、画等镶框. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] serve or act as a frame1(1) for (sb/sth) 形成（某人[某事]）的框子: He stood framed in the doorway to the hall. 他站在门口, 堵住通向大厅的路. * A dense mass of black hair framed his face. 浓密的黑发衬托着他的面庞.  2 [Tn] express (sth) in words; compose or formulate （用文字）表达（某事）; 创作; 拟定; 制定: frame a question, argument, response, etc 拟定问题、论点、回应等 * frame a theory, plan, set of rules, etc 创立理论、拟定计画、制定一套规章.  3 [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] (infml 口) produce false evidence against (an innocent person) so that he appears guilty 诬陷; 陷害: The accused man said he had been framed. 被告说他受人陷害了.n house with a wooden frame covered with boards 木板房.n (infml 口) situation in which false evidence is produced against an innocent person so that he appears guilty 诬陷; 诬告; 阴谋: Don't you see  it was all a frame-up! 难道你还不明白--那都是诬陷!n  1 structure giving shape and support 框架; 结构: a bridge with a steel framework 钢铁结构的桥梁. =>illus 见插图.  2 social order or system 社会的秩序或制度: civil unrest which shook the framework of the old system 动摇了旧制度的内乱.  3 set of principles or ideas used as a basis for one's judgement, decisions, etc （个人的判断、决定等所依据的）原则, 思想: All the cases can be considered within the framework of the existing rules. 一切情况都可依据现行的规章加以考虑./fræŋk; fræŋk/ n unit of currency in eg France, Belgium and Switzerland 法郎（如法国、比利时和瑞士的货币单位）./ˈfræntʃaɪz; `fræntʃaɪz/ n  1 [U] right to vote at public elections （公众选举的）投票权, 选举权: system of universal adult franchise 全体成年人都享有选举权的制度 * Women were not given the franchise in Britain until the twentieth century. 英国妇女直到二十世纪才获得选举权.  2 [C] formal permission to sell a company's goods or services in a particular area （正式授予在某地区销售某某公司的货物或经营某业务的）特权, 特许: buy a fast-food, printing, etc franchise 购买经营快餐、印刷等的特权 * grant, withdraw a franchise 授予、撤销特权.

v [Tn] grant a franchise(2) to (sb) 授予（某人）特权./frænˈsɪskən; fræn`sɪskən/ n, adj (friar or nun) of the Christian religious order founded by St Francis of Assisi 圣方济各会的（修士或修女）.comb form 构词成分 French; of France 法国的: Franco-German history * Francophile, ie (person who is) friendly towards France./ˈfræŋkəʊfəʊn; `fræŋkəˌfon/ adj, n French-speaking (person) 说法语的（人）: the francophone countries of West Africa 非洲西部说法语的国家./fræŋk; fræŋk/ adj (-er, -est) ~ (with sb) (about sth) showing thoughts and feelings openly; honest and direct in speech; plain and blunt 公开表达思想感情的; 言语真诚的; 坦率的; 坦白的; 直率的: a frank reply, discussion, exchange of views, etc 坦率的回答、讨论、交换意见等 * To be (perfectly) frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam. 说实在的, 我认为你儿子这次考试及格的希望不大.

/fræŋk; fræŋk/ v [Tn] put a mark or a stamp on (a letter, etc) to show that postage has been paid or does not need to be paid 在（信件等）上做记号、加印记（以示邮资己付或免费邮寄）./ˈfræŋkfɜːtə(r); `fræŋkfɝtɚ/ (US wiener) n type of small smoked sausage 小熏肠./ˈfræŋkɪnsens; `fræŋkɪnˌsɛns/ n [U] type of sweet-smelling gum from a tree, burnt as incense 乳香（有香味的树脂, 可作燃香）.n device that automatically franks letters, etc and counts up the total postal charges 自动邮资盖印机.adv  1 in a frank manner 坦率地; 坦白地; 直率地; 真诚地: Tell me frankly what's wrong. 老老实实告诉我出什么事了.  2 speaking honestly; to be truthful 说实话; 诚实地: Frankly, I couldn't care less. 说真的, 我毫不在乎. * Quite frankly, I'm not surprised. 坦白地说, 我并不感到意外. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful.n [U]: She spoke about her fears with complete frankness. 她对自己的恐惧直言不讳./ˈfræntɪk; `fræntɪk/ adj  1 in an extreme state of emotion, esp fear or anxiety 情感的极度状态（尤指恐惧或焦急）; 发狂的; 发疯的: The child's parents were frantic when she did not return home on time. 那孩子没有按时回家, 她父母都要急疯了. * frantic with worry, anger, grief, etc 愁得要命、气得要死、悲痛欲绝.  2hurried and excited but disorganized; frenzied; desperate慌乱不安的; 狂乱的; 疯狂的; 令人绝望的; 不顾一切的: a frantic dash, rush, search, etc 疯狂的撞击、冲击、搜查等 * frantic activity 不顾一切的行动. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: shouting frantically for help 狂呼求救./frəˈtɜːnl; frə`tɝnl/ adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) of a brother or brothers; brotherly or friendly 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 友好的: fraternal love 手足之情 * fraternal greetings from fellow trade-unionists 同行业工会会员的友好问候. /-nəlɪ; -nlɪ/ adv.=> fraternization=> fraternize/frəˈtɜːnətɪ; frə`tɝnətɪ/ n  1 [U] brotherly feeling; brotherhood 兄弟般的感情; 手足之情: There is a strong spirit of fraternity among these isolated people. 这些与世隔绝的人之间有强烈的兄弟般的情谊.  2 [CGp] group of people sharing the same profession or common interests or beliefs 有相同的职业、共同的爱好或信仰的群体; 同人; 同好: the medical, banking, teaching, etc fraternity 医务界、银行界、教育界等同人 * the racing fraternity 赛马界同好 * the religious fraternity of St Benedict 本笃会的教友.  3 [C] (US) group of male students at a university who form a social club 组成社团的大学男生群体. Cf 参看 sorority./ˌfrætənaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -nɪˈz-;ˌfrætɚnɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈfrætənaɪz; `frætɚˌnaɪz/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) become friendly with enemy soldiers, or with civilians of a former enemy country （与敌军士兵、原敌国百姓）建立友谊: Soldiers who fraternize with the enemy will be punished. 亲敌的士兵将受到惩罚. * Army personnel are often forbidden to fraternize with the civilian population. 军职人员常被禁止与平民百姓友好往来. /ˌfrætrɪˈsaɪdl; `frætrɪ`saɪdəl/ adj./ˈfrætrɪsaɪd; `frætrəˌsaɪd/ n (a) [U] crime ofkilling one's brother or sister 杀害兄弟或姐妹罪. (b) [C]person who has done this 杀害兄弟或姐妹的人. /frɔːd; frɔd/ n  1 [C, U] (act of) deceiving sb illegally in order to make money or obtain goods 欺骗（行为）; 诈骗: found guilty of fraud 被裁定诈骗罪成立 * Thousands of frauds are committed every year. 每年有数以千计的诈骗案.  2 [C] person who deceives others by pretending to have abilities, skills, etc that he does not really have; impostor 骗子; 冒名顶替者: This woman is a fraud  she has no medical qualifications at all. 这女人是个骗子--她根本没有行医的资格./ˈfrɔːdjʊləns; <i>US</i> -dʒʊ-; `frɔdʒələns/ n [U]. /ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt; <i>US</i> -dʒʊ-; `frɔdʒələnt/ adj  1 deceitful or dishonest 欺骗的; 诈骗的; 不诚实的; 不老实的: a fraudulent display of sympathy 假惺惺的同情.  2 obtained or done by fraud; involving fraud 骗得的; 骗来的; 涉及欺骗的: fraudulent applications for shares (ie type of investment) in the new company 以欺骗手段申请新公司的股票. /ˈfrɔːdjʊləntlɪ; <i>US</i>-dʒʊ-; `frɔdʒələntlɪ/ adv./frɔːt; frɔt/ adj  1 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth filled with sth; charged with sth 充满某事物; 注入某事物: a situation fraught with danger 充满危险的情况 * a silence fraught with meaning 意义无穷的沉默.  2 worried or anxious; worrying 担心的; 烦恼的; 焦虑的; 令人忧虑的: There's no need to look so fraught! 用不着那么愁眉苦脸的. * Next week will be particularly fraught as we've just lost our secretary. 我们的秘书刚刚辞职, 下星期特别令人担心./freɪ; fre/ n the fray [sing] (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) fight, contest or argument; lively or challenging action 打斗; 争吵; 争辩; 刺激的或挑战的行为: ready/eager for the fray 急欲争斗 * enter/join the fray, ie take part in a fight, quarrel, etc 参与打架、争吵等.

/freɪ; fre/ v [I, Tn]  1 (cause sth to) become worn, so that there are loose threads, fibres or wires （使某物）磨损（致使线、纤维或丝松弛）: This cloth frays easily. 这布太不经磨. * Constant rubbing will fray even the thickest rope. 再粗的绳子也经不住总磨. * frayed shirt cuffs 磨破的衬衫袖口.  2 (cause sth to) become strained and irritated （使某事物）变得令人紧张、急躁: Nerves/Tempers began to fray in the heat. 天热的时候人就容易神经紧张[脾气急躁]. * Relations between us have become frayed through a series of misunderstandings. 我们之间产生了一连串的误解, 因而关系紧张了./ˈfræzl; `fræzl/ n (idm 习语) beaten, burnt, worn, etc to a `frazzle completely beaten, burnt, exhausted, etc 被打得一败涂地; 被烧成灰烬; 精疲力竭./friːk; frik/ n  1 (infml derog 口, 贬) person considered abnormal because of his behaviour, appearance, ideas, etc （因行为、相貌、思想等而被看作）不正常的人: People think she's a freak just because she's religious. 就因为她信教, 人们就把她当成怪人.  2 (infml 口) person with a specified interest or obsession; fan 有特别兴趣或着迷的人; 迷: health/health-food freaks 对健康[保健食品]着迷的人 * a jazz freak 爵士乐迷 * an acid freak, ie sb addicted to the drug LSD 有迷幻药瘾的人.  3 very unusual event or action 极不寻常的事或行为: By some freak (of chance) I was overpaid this month. 真稀奇, 这个月多给我钱了. * [attrib 作定语] a freak accident, storm, etc 反常的事故、暴风雨等.  4 (also ,freak of `nature) person, animal or plant that is abnormal in form 畸形的人、动物或植物.

/friːk; frik/ v (infml 口)  1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) have an extreme reaction to sth 对某事物有极端强烈的反应: My parents (really) freaked (out) when they saw my purple hair, ie were shocked and angry. 我父母看见我的紫红头发, 大惊失色. * When they told me I'd won a car, I absolutely freaked, ie was extremely happy. 听说我赢得一辆小汽车, 简直欣喜若狂.  2 (phr v) freak out (a) temporarily lose control of oneself; go crazy; act abnormally, usu under the influence of drugs 暂时对自己失去控制, 发疯, 行为异常（通常为毒品所致）: This ordinary quiet guy just freaked out and shot ten people. 这个平时温和的家伙简直发疯了, 开枪打死了十个人. * John's party was really wild  everyone freaked out (on drugs), ie hallucinated. 约翰搞的聚会真够疯狂的--大家都（因吸食毒品）神魂颠倒了. (b) adopt an unconventional style of life 采取不平常的生活方式. freak sb out make sb feel extreme pleasure or unease 使某人感到极度的欣喜或不安: Listening to a good stereo system always freaks me out. 我一听到好的立体声音乐就乐不可支.n wild and extreme experience, esp one produced by drugs 疯狂、兴奋的感受（尤指因毒品所致）.adj unusual or abnormal; strange 不寻常的; 不正常的; 反常的; 奇怪的; 奇异的: freakish weather 反常的天气 * freakish behaviour 奇怪的行为. adv. n [U].adj unusual; weird; freakish 不寻常的; 不自然的; 怪诞的; 不正常的; 奇怪的; 奇异的./ˈfrekl; `frɛkl/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of the small light-brown spots on the human skin 雀斑; 斑点: Ann's face and back are covered with freckles. 安的脸上和背上长满了雀斑. Cf 参看 mole1.

v [I, Tn] (cause skin to) become covered with freckles （使皮肤）生产斑或斑点: Do you freckle easily? 你容易长雀斑吗? * the boy's freckled arms 那男孩子长了雀斑的手臂./friː; fri/ adj (freer / fri:E(r); `friL/, freest / fri:Ist;`friIst/)  1 (a) (of a person) not a slave or prisoner; allowed to move where one wants; having physical freedom （指人）（非奴隶或囚犯）自由的, 有人身自由的, 行动自由的: After ten years in prison, he was a free man again. 他坐了十年监狱, 又成了自由人. * The convicts were pardoned and set free. 那些囚犯获赦释放. * The driver had to be cut free from the wreckage of his car. 破开了汽车残骸才把司机解救出来. (b) (of an animal) not kept in a cage or tied up; able to move at will （指动物）不关在笼子里的, 不被栓住的, 可任意行动的: In nature, all animals are wild and free. 在自然界, 一切动物都是野生的, 自由自在的. * The dog was chained, so how did it get free? 狗拴着链子, 是怎么挣脱开的呢? * An escaped tiger is roaming free in the town. 有一只老虎跑出, 正在城里东逃西窜.  2 not fixed or held down; loose 不固定的; 不受牵制的; 松弛的: the free end of the rope 绳索松着的一端 * Let the rope run free. 把绳子放开. * One of the wheels of the cart has worked (itself) free. 马车的一个轮子松了.  3 clear; not blocked; unrestricted 通畅的; 无阻碍的; 不受限制的; 不受约束的: Is the way/passage free? 道路[通道]畅通吗? * A free flow of water came from the pipe. 水从管道里通畅地流了出来. * The streets have been swept free of leaves. 街上的落叶已打扫乾净.  4 (of a country, its citizens and institutions) not controlled by a foreign government or the state itself （指国家及其公民和机关）不受外国政府或本国控制的, 自主的, 自由的: This is a free country  I can say what I like. 这是个自由的国家--我爱说什么就可以说什么. * We might have a free press, but that doesn't mean all reporting is true and accurate. 我们即使有新闻自由, 也并不意味着一切报道都真实可信、准确无误.  5 ~ (to do sth) not controlled or restricted (by rules or conventions); permitted to do sth 不受（规章或习俗）控制的, 许可做某事物的: free movement of workers within the European Community 在欧洲共同体内部工人的自由流动 * free access to secret information 对机密资料的自由接触 * You are free to come and go as you please. 你来去自便. * She's a free spirit, ie a person not hampered by convention. 她是个无拘无束的人.  6 [pred 作表语] ~ from/of sth (a) not harmed by sth dangerous; not spoilt by sth unpleasant 不受某危险事物伤害; 不受某不愉快事物影响: free from harm, prejudice, pain 不受伤害、无偏见、无痛苦 * free of weeds, contamination, pollution, etc 无杂草、传染、污染等. (b) not subject to certain rules, etc; unrestricted by sth 不受某规章等约束的; 不受某事物阻碍的: a holiday free from all responsibilities 摆脱一切责任的假期.  7 (a) costing nothing 免费的: free tickets for the theatre 免费的戏票 * Admission is free. 免费入场. * a free sample 免费样品. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) not including, or not requiring, a specified payment, usu of tax or duty 免税: a payment of 30000 free of tax 30000英镑的免税付款 * Delivery is free (of charge) if goods are paid for in advance. 如预付货款就可免费送货.  8 (a) (of a place) not occupied or being used; (of a time) not engaged or booked （指地方或时间）未占用的, 空着的, 闲着的: Is that seat free? 那座位有人吗? * The bathroom's free now. 洗澡间现在空着. * Is there a time when the conference room is free? 会议室有空着的时候吗? * Friday afternoons are left free for revision. 留出星期五下午的时间做复习. (b) (of a person) without engagements or things to do; not busy （指人）有空的, 闲着的: I'm usually free in the afternoon. 我通常下午有空. * Are you free for lunch? 你有空儿去吃午饭吗?  9 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth giving sth easily and readily; generous with sth 大方; 慷慨: He is very free with his time, ie gives it willingly. 他毫不吝惜自己的时间. * He's a bit too free with his compliments. 他有点太爱恭维人.  10 (derog 贬) uncontrolled, often to the point of rudeness; too familiar 不约束的; 放肆的; 过于亲密的: I don't like him  he is too free in his language and manner. 我不喜欢他--他的言行太放肆.  11 (of a translation) expressing the meaning of the original loosely, not exactly （指译文）不拘泥原文的, 不确切的. Cf 参看 literal 1a.  12 (chemistry 化) not combined with another element 未与其他元素化合的; 游离的: free hydrogen 游离氢.  13 (idm 习语) feel free => feel1. (get sth) for `free without payment being required; for nothing 不要钱的; 白给的: I got this ticket for free from sb who didn't want it. 我这张票没花钱, 是别人不要的. free and `easy informal; relaxed 不拘束的; 不拘礼的; 轻松的: The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy. 办公室的气氛很轻松. free on `board/`rail (of goods) without charge for delivery to a ship/train （指货物）船[火车]上交货（价格）. get, have, etc a free `hand get, have, etc permission or an opportunity to do what one chooses and make one's own decisions, esp in a job 有自主权（尤指工作上）: My boss has given me a free hand in deciding which outside contractor to use. 老板已经给了我自主权, 让我决定用哪家承包商. give, allow, etc free `play/`rein to sb/sth give, etc complete freedom of movement or expression to sb/sth 给予...某人[某事物]行动或表达上的充分自由: In this picture the artist certainly allowed his imagination free rein. 艺术家在这幅画里任其想像力尽情奔驰. have one's hands free/tied => hand1. make sb free of sth allow sb full use or enjoyment of sth 允许某人充分利用或享受某物; 随意使用: He kindly made me free of his library for my research. 他热情地让我随意使用他的书房做研究工作. of one's own free will without being ordered or forced 非强迫的; 自愿的: I came here of my own free will. 我是自愿到这里来的.

adv  1 without cost or payment; freely 无偿地; 免费地: Children under five usually travel free on trains. 五岁以下的儿童乘火车通常免费.  2 (idm 习语) make free with sb/sth treat sb/sth casually and without proper respect; use sth as if it belongs to oneself 对待某人[某事物]随便而不尊重; 任意使用他人之物: He made free with all his girl-friend's money. 他随便花女朋友的钱.

/friː; fri/ v (pt, pp freed / fri:d; frid/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) make (sb/sth) free; release or liberate 使（某人[某物]）自由; 释放; 解放: free the prisoner 释放囚犯 * free an animal from a trap 把动物从陷阱中放出来.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of/from sth take away sth unpleasant, unwanted, etc from sb/sth; rid sb/ sth of sth 使令人不快的、不需要的一类事物离开某人[某事物]; 使某人[某事物]摆脱某事物: Relaxation exercises can free your body of tension. 放松运动可以松缓身体的紧张. * Try to free yourself from all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth)loosen sb/sth from sth that is preventing movement; disentangle or extricate sb/sth 使某人[某事物]摆脱妨碍活动的事物; 摆脱或脱离某人[某事物]: It took hours to free the victims (from the collapsed building). 用了很长时间才把遇难者（从倒塌的建筑物中）解救出来. * Can you free the propeller from the weeds? 你能把螺旋桨上的草除掉吗?  4 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth for sth make sb/sth available for (a purpose or an activity) 使某人[某物]可用于（某一目的或活动）: The government intends to free more resources for educational purposes. 政府想把更多的资源用于教育方面. * Retiring early from his job freed him to join several local clubs. 他早早退休, 摆脱了工作的羁绊而加入了当地的几个俱乐部.someone able to act as he pleases, because he is not responsible to anyone 可以按自己意愿行事的人: I wish I were a free agent, but my contract binds me for three more years. 我要是不受约束就好了, 可是我的合同还要约束我三年.(psychology 心) method of analysis in which a person says the first word that comes to his mind in response to one spoken by the analyst 自由联想.Church that does not follow the teaching or practices of established Churches such as the Roman Catholic or Anglican Church 独立教会.operation of business and trade without government control 自由企业.1 movement through air or space under the force of gravity alone 自由降落.  2 part of a parachute jump before the parachute opens 降落伞张开前的降落.(Brit) public house or inn not controlled by a brewery and therefore able to sell more than one brand of beer, etc （不受酿酒厂约束的）出售多种啤酒等的酒馆. Cf 参看 tied house (tie2).(in football) kick taken without interference, as a penalty against the opposing team （足球）罚任意球./lɑːns; <i>US</i> læns; `læns/ (also freelancer) n independent artist, writer, etc who earns his living by selling work to several employers （靠出卖作品为生的）自由艺术家、作家等: [attrib 作定语] free-lance journalism自由新闻工作.(dated 旧) agreed sexual relations without marriage 自由性爱.port open to all traders, with no restrictions, taxes or import duties 自由港.right to express (in public) opinions of any kind 言论自由.(system in which) trade is carried on between countries without import restrictions, eg tax and duty 自由贸易; 自由贸易制度.poetry without a regular rhythm or rhyme 自由诗（无固定韵律的诗）.vote in parliament in which members do not have to follow party policy 自由投票（议员无须遵循党派的方针而进行的议会内投票）.(rear) wheel on a bicycle that continues to revolve when the pedals are not in use （自行车的）飞轮. ,free-`wheel v [I]  1 travel, usu downhill, by riding a bicycle without pedalling or driving a car without using engine power （自行车或汽车）滑行.  2 move or act freely or irresponsibly 自由地、不须负责地活动或行动: I think I'll just free-wheel this summer and see what happens. 我打算今年夏天尽情放任一下再说.1 ability to decide one's own course of action 决定个人行动方针的能力; 自觉自愿: I did it of my own free will, ie acting voluntarily. 那是我自愿做的.  2 (belief in the) power to decide a course of action independently of God or fate 自由意志（不依靠上帝或命运而采取行动的决断力）; 自由意志论. n noisy fight or argument in which anyone present may join 在场者都可参加的争吵或辩论.adj, adv (done) by hand, without the use of an instrument, eg a ruler or compass 徒手（做）（的）（不使用仪器）: a free-hand sketch 手画的略图 * sketched free-hand 徒手画略图.adj generous, esp in spending or giving money 慷慨的（尤指花钱或给钱）; 出手大方的.v [I]: I've free-lanced for several years. 我做自由撰稿人已有几年了.n.adj living for the pleasures of (esp) food and drink 沉溺于（尤指）吃喝享受的. v [I] (infml 口 esp US) take advantage of free food and lodging, etc without giving anything in return; sponge 占便宜; 揩油. n person who free-loads; sponger 爱占便宜的人; 揩油的人.adj [attrib 作定语] produced by hens that are kept in natural conditions rather than in a battery(4) 放养的母鸡产的: ,free-range `eggs 放养的母鸡产的蛋.adj not supported by or fixed to anything 无支撑物的; 不固于某物上的: a free-standing sculpture 独立的雕塑.n [U]  1 (a) swimming race in which any stroke may be used 自由泳比赛（可采用任何姿势）. (b) type of swimming stroke, usu the crawl(n 2) 自由泳（通常指爬泳）.  2 type of wrestling with few restrictions on the holds permitted （摔角）自由式.n person who forms ideas independently of generally accepted religious teachings 自由思想者. adj.adj voluntary 自愿的: a free-will offering 自愿的提供./ˈfriːbiː; `fribi/ n (infml 口 esp US) thing given away free 免费的物品; 赠品: I got these mugs as freebies at the supermarket. 我这些缸子是超级市场给的赠品./ˈfriːdəm; `fridəm/ n  1 [U] condition of being free; state of not being a prisoner or slave 自由: After 10 years in prison, he was given his freedom. 他坐了10年监狱以後又得到了自由.  2 (a) [U, C] ~ (of sth) right (esp political) to act, speak, etc as one pleases without interference （随意行动、讲话等的, 尤指政治的）自由权: freedom of speech, thought, worship, etc 言论、思想、礼拜等的自由权 * press freedom 出版自由 * preserve the freedoms of the trade-union movement 保护工会运动的自由权. (b) [U] ~ (of sth); ~ (to do sth) state of being unrestricted in one's actions; liberty 个人的行动自主; 自由: freedom of action, choice, decision, etc 行动、选择、决定等的自由 * He enjoyed complete freedom to do as he wished. 他享有完全按照自己的意愿行事的自由.  3 [U] ~ from sth state of being without or not affected by the thing specified 无某事物的情况; 不受某事物影响的状态: freedom from fear, pain, hunger, etc 无恐惧、痛苦、饥饿等.  4 [sing] the ~ of sth unrestricted use of sth 随意使用某物的权利: I gave him the freedom of my house and belongings. 我让他随便使用我的房子和东西.  5 (idm 习语) give, etc sb his `freedom agree to a divorce; allow one's husband/wife to leave without opposing him/her legally 同意离婚; 给予自由身分（允许丈夫[妻子]离去而不依法追究）: It seems foolish not to give Ann her freedom, if that's what she really wants. 安要是真想离婚的话, 不同意她离就太蠢了. give sb, receive, etc the freedom of the `city give, etc special rights of citizenship, esp as an honour for public services 授予荣誉市民权.person belonging to a group that use violent means to overthrow the government and achieve the independence of their country 自由战士（用暴力推翻政府以使自己的国家独立的人）.n [U] (Brit) system in which the person making a telephone call does not pay for the cost of the call 免费通话（打电话者不必付费的通话方式）: Ring the operator and ask for Freefone 8921. 接通接线生, 然後要免费通话8921号.n, adj (law 律) (having) complete ownership of property for an unlimited period of time 财产的完全保有（的）. Cf 参看 leasehold (lease). n person who owns land freehold 地产的完全保有者./ˈfriːlɪ; `frilɪ/ adv  1 without any obstruction; in an unrestricted or uncontrolled manner 自由地; 毫无妨碍地; 不受阻挡地; 不受控制地; 无拘无束地: Water flowed freely from the pipe. 水从管道里通畅地流了出来. * drugs that are freely available 可随时买到的药物.  2 in an open and honest manner 开诚布公地; 坦诚地; 坦率地: It may require courage to speak freely. 要有勇气才能直言不讳.  3 willingly; readily 心甘情愿地; 自愿地: I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我欣然承认我犯了个错误.  4 in a generous and willing manner 大方地; 慷慨地; 爽快地: Millions of people gave freely in response to the famine appeal. 千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊.n  1 / -mAn; -mAn/ person who is not a slave 自由人（非奴隶）.  2 / -mEn; -mEn/ person who has been given the freedom(5) of a city 荣誉市民: made a freeman of the City of London 被授予伦敦荣誉市民称号./ˈfriːmeɪsn; `friˌmesn/ n member of an international secret society with the aims of offering mutual help and developing friendly relations among its members 共济会会员（旨在互相帮助、发展会员间友好关系的国际秘密组织的成员）.n [U]  1 system, practices and rites of the Freemasons 共济会的制度、活动及仪式.  2 freemasonry natural sympathy and unspoken understanding between people sharing similar interests 谅解; 默契: the freemasonry of TV reporters, professional photographers, etc 电视记者、职业摄影师等的默契.n [U] (Brit) system in which postage costs are paid by the receiver (usu a business company) 免费邮递（由收信人, 通常为厂商, 付邮资的方式）: Reply to Publicity Department, FREEPOST, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 回信免费邮寄至牛津牛津大学出版社宣传部./ˈfrɪːzɪə; <i>US</i> ˈfriːʒ-; `friʒɪə/ n plant with fragrant yellow, pink, or white flowers 小苍兰（开黄色、粉色或白色花, 味香）.n (US) = motorway (motor). =>Usage at road 用法见road./friːz; friz/ v (pt froze / frEUz; froz/, pp frozen / 5frEUzn; `frozn/)  1 [I, Tn] (esp of water) change or be changed from liquid to solid by extreme cold （尤指水）结冰; 凝固: Water freezes at 0C. 水在0C时结冰. * The severe cold froze the pond. 天气寒冷池塘结了冰. Cf 参看 thaw. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become full of ice or hardened with ice （使某物）结满冰或由于结冰变硬: The land itself freezes (up) in such low temperatures. 温度这么低, 地都冻硬了. * Our (water) pipes froze (up) (ie were blocked with ice) last winter. 去年冬天, 我们的（水）管子冻了. * The clothes were frozen on the washing-line. 衣服在晾衣绳上冻住了.  3 [I] (used with it 与it连用) (of weather) be so cold that water turns to ice; be extremely cold （指天气）冷得使水结成冰, 严寒: It's freezing outside! 外面冷极了! * It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered. 今晚大概会有霜冻, 一定要把花草都遮盖好.  4 [I, Tn only passive 只用于被动语态] (cause a person or an animal to) be or feel very cold; (cause to) die from cold （使人或动物）冷或觉得很冷; （使）冻死: Shut the window  I'm freezing! 关上窗户--我冷极了! * Two men froze to death/were frozen to death on the mountain. 有两个人在山上冻死了.  5 [I, Tn] (of food, etc) be able to be preserved by being stored at a temperature below freezing-point; preserve (food, etc), in this way （指食物等）能冷冻储藏; 冷藏（食物等）: Some fruits don't freeze well at all. 有些水果根本就不能冷藏. * I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it. 我要多买些肉冷藏起来. * Strawberries don't taste nice if they've been frozen. 草莓若冷冻就不好吃了. * a packet of frozen peas 一包冷藏豌豆.  6 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) stop suddenly; make or become unable to move, speak, or act, because of fear, shock, etc （使人或动物）突然停住; （因恐惧、震惊等）使得或变得不能活动、说话或行动; 惊呆; 吓呆: Ann froze with terror as the door opened silently. 门一声不响地开了, 把安吓呆了. * The sudden bang froze us in our tracks. 突然砰的一响, 顿时把我们惊呆了.  7 [Tn] hold (wages, prices, etc) at a fixed level officially for a period of time 稳定（工资、物价等）: freeze wages, prices, fares, etc 稳定工资、物价、车费等.  8 [Tn] not allow (money or assets) to be used or exchanged, usu by government order 冻结（钱或资产）: freeze a society's funds 冻结一团体的基金 * frozen assets 被冻结的资产.  9 (idm 习语) freeze one's blood/make one's blood freeze fill one with feelings of fear and horror 使充满害怕、恐怖的感觉: The sight of the masked gunman made my blood freeze. 我一看见那个持枪的蒙面人就吓得浑身冰凉.  10 (phr v) freeze sb out (infml 口) exclude sb from business or from society by harsh competition or unfriendly behaviour （以残酷的竞争或敌意的态度）将某人（从生意或团体中）逼走, 挤走: Small shops are being frozen out by the big supermarkets. 小　子都要让大超级市场给挤垮了. freeze (sth) over (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) (cause sth to) become covered by ice （使某物）被冰封住: The lake was frozen over until late spring. 那湖全让冰封住了, 到晚春才解冻. freeze (sth) up (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) freeze (sth) so as to prevent normal use 冻住（某物）（以至妨碍正常使用）: The window has frozen up and I can't open it. 窗户给冻上了, 我打不开.

n  1 (also `freeze-up) period of weather during which temperatures are below freezing-point 冰冻期; 严寒期: last year's big freeze 去年的严寒期 * After the last freeze-up we put insulation round the pipes. 我们在上个冰冻期之後把管道用保温材料裹上了.  2 official fixing of wages, prices, etc for a period of time （官方对工资、物价等的）冻结: a wage/price freeze 工资[物价]冻结.v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] preserve (esp food) by freezing and then drying it in a vacuum 冷冻乾燥保存（尤指食物）./ˈfriːzə(r); `frizɚ/ n  1 (also deep freeze) large refrigerator or room in which food is stored for a long time at a temperature below freezing point 冰柜; 冷藏室.  2 small compartment in a refrigerator for freezing ice and storing frozen food （冰箱里的）冷冻室.n [U] temperature at which a liquid, esp water, freezes 冰点; 凝固点: The freezing-point of water is 0C. 水的冰点是0C. * Tonight the temperature will fall to 3 degrees below freezing. 今夜的温度将降至冰点下3度. =>App 5 见附录5./freɪt; fret/ n [U] goods transported by ships, aeroplanes, or trains （水运、空运、陆运的）货物: send goods by air freight 空运发货. =>Usage at cargo 用法见cargo.

v  1 [Tn] transport (merchandise) as freight 运送（货物）.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth load (a ship, etc) with freight 装货于（船等）: a barge freighted with bananas 载着香蕉的驳船.(US) = wagon 2.(US) (Brit goods train) train that carries goods only 货运列车.n ship or aircraft that carries mainly freight 货船; 运输机.n (also liner train, liner) fast train carrying goods in special large containers that can be loaded and unloaded quickly and easily 集装箱列车; 货柜列车./frentʃ; frɛntʃ/ n  1 the French [pl v] the people who live in France 法国人: The French are renowned for their cooking. 法国人擅长烹饪.  2 [U] language spoken in France and parts of Belgium, Switzerland, and Canada 法语: French is a Romance language. 法语是罗曼语.  3 (idm 习语) excuse/pardon my `French (infml euph 口, 婉) excuse the swear-words I shall use 原谅我要说骂人的话了: Excuse my French, but he's a bloody nuisance! 别怪我骂人, 可他实在太不是东西! take French `leave leave one's work, duty, etc without permission 未经允许而脱离工作、岗位等; 擅离职守; 不辞而别.

adj of France, its people or its language 法国的; 法国人的; 法国语的: the French countryside 法国的乡村.kidney or haricot bean, the pod and seeds of which are eaten as a vegetable 菜豆.Canadian whose native language is French 以法语为母语的加拿大人.finely powdered talc, used as a marker, dry lubricant, etc 滑石粉.salad dressing of seasoned oil and vinegar 油和醋调成的色拉调料.(esp US) = chip1 3.brass wind instrument with a long tube coiled in a circle and a wide bell 法国号（一种铜管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.(infml 口 esp Brit) contraceptive sheath; condom 避孕套; 阴茎套.long thin loaf of crusty white bread 法国面包（长条状的）. =>illus at bread 见bread插图.varnish consisting of shellac and alcohol, painted onto wood to give a hard shiny surface 罩光漆. French-polish v [Tn] treat (wood) with French polish 给（木材）涂罩光漆.seam on a garment, etc with the raw edges turned and sewn under 法式线缝; 来去线缝.one of a pair of doors with long glass panes, usu opening onto a garden or balcony 落地窗（通常为通向花园或阳台的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) man of French birth or nationality 法国男人.n (pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/) woman of French birth or nationality 法国女子./frəˈnetɪk; frə`nɛtɪk/ adj very excited; frenzied; frantic 非常激动的; 狂乱的; 发狂的: frenetic activity 疯狂的活动. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˈfrenzɪd; `frɛnzɪd/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] wildly excited or agitated; frantic 狂乱的; 狂躁的; 发狂的: The dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks. 那狗狂吠着跳起扑向闯进来的人. * the mob's frenzied attack 暴徒的疯狂攻击. adv./ˈfrenzɪ; `frɛnzɪ/ n [sing, U] state of extreme excitement; extreme and wild activity or behaviour 极度激动的状态; 极度狂乱的活动或行为: in a frenzy of zeal, enthusiasm, hate, etc 疯狂的激情、热情、仇恨等 * The speaker worked the crowd up into a (state of) frenzy. 演讲者煽动起群众疯狂的情绪./ˈfriːkwənsɪ; `frikwənsɪ/ n  1 [U] (a) rate of occurrence or repetition of sth, usu measured over a particular period of time （某事发生或重复的）频率: Fatal accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years. 近年来死亡事故发生的频率已经下降. * the alarming frequency of computer errors 计算机差错惊人的频密. (b) fact of being frequent or happening often 屡次; 频繁: the frequency of premature births in this region 该地区早产情况的频繁.  2 [C, U] rate at which a sound wave or radio wave vibrates; band or group of similar frequencies （声波或无线电波的）振动频率; 波段:high-/low-frequency sounds 高[低]频的声音 * a musical note with a frequency of 256 vibrations per second 振动频率为每秒256次的音调 * In the evening this station changes frequency and broadcasts on another band. 该电台晚上改变频率, 在另一波段播音./ˈfriːkwənt; `frikwənt/ adj happening often; habitual 时常发生的; 惯常的: the car manufacturer's frequent changes of models 汽车制造厂产品型号的经常变换 * His visits became less frequent as time passed. 他渐渐地不常登门了.

/frɪˈkwent; frɪ`kwɛnt/ v [Tn] (fml 文) often go to or visit (a place) 常去, 常到（一地方）: He used to frequent the town's bars and night-clubs. 他从前常去镇上的酒吧和夜总会.adv often 时常; 经常: Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车频繁地从城市驶往机场./ˈfreskəʊ; `frɛsko/ n (pl ~s or  ~es / -kEUz;-koz/) picture painted in water-colour on a wall or ceiling before the plaster is dry （墙壁或天花板未乾时绘制的）壁画: The frescos in the Sistine Chapel are world-famous. 西斯廷教堂的壁画举世闻名./freʃ; frɛʃ/ adj (-er, -est)  1 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] new or different 新的; 不同的: fresh evidence 新的证据 * a fresh piece of paper 另一张纸 * make a fresh start 重新开始 * fresh problems 新问题 * a fresh approach (ie one that is original in a lively and attractive way) to the difficulty 解决困难的别开生面的方法. (b) made, obtained or experienced recently and not changed 新做的; 新得到的; 刚经历的: fresh tracks in the snow 雪地上的新痕迹 * Their memories of the wedding are still fresh in their minds. 他们至今对婚礼仍记忆犹新.  2 (a) (usu of food) newly made, produced, gathered, etc; not stale （通常指食物）新做的, 新出的, 新采的, 新鲜的: fresh bread, ie just baked 新烤的面包 * fresh flowers, eggs, milk, etc 新鲜的花、蛋、奶等. (b) (of food) not preserved in tins, with salt or by freezing （指食物）鲜的, 非罐头的, 未加盐的, 未冷冻的: fresh vegetables, fruit, meat, etc 鲜的蔬菜、水果、肉等.  3 (of clothes) not already used or worn; clean （指衣服）未经穿用的, 清洁的: put on some fresh clothes 穿几件新衣服.  4 (of water) not salty, stale or bitter; not sea water （指水）不咸的, 不腐的, 不苦的, 淡的.  5 (a) (of the air) clean and refreshing; pure （指空气）清洁的, 清新的, 纯净的: Open the window and let in some fresh air. 打开窗户放进些新鲜空气. * play in the fresh air, ie outside 在户外玩耍. (b) (of weather) rather cold and windy; (of the wind) cool and fairly strong （指天气）冷而有风的; （指风）凉飕飕的: It's a bit fresh this morning, isn't it? 今天早晨有点儿凉丝丝的吧?  6 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of colours) clear and bright; unfaded （指颜色）鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 未褪色的: fresh colours in these old prints 旧印刷物上的鲜艳色彩. (b) (of skin) clear and healthy （指皮肤）白净健康的: a fresh complexion 气色好的面容.  7 (of paint) just applied （指油漆）刚上的, 未乾的: Fresh paint  please do not touch. 油漆未乾--请勿触摸.  8 [usu pred 通常作表语] having renewed strength; refreshed and ready to tackle work, etc 又有活力; 又精神饱满: I feel really fresh after my holiday. 我度假之後真觉得又精神饱满了.  9 [pred 作表语] ~ from/out of sth having just come from (a place) or having just had (a particular experience); straight from sth 刚从（某地）来; 刚有过（某一经历）; 直接来自某事物: students fresh from college 刚从学校毕业的学生.  10 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb) (infml 口) too forward in behaviour or speech, esp in a sexual manner, with a person of the opposite sex （言行）过于卤莽（尤指对异性）, 无礼, 放肆: He then started to get fresh with me. 他于是对我放肆起来.  11 (idm 习语) break fresh/new ground => ground1. a breath of fresh air => breath. (as) fresh as a `daisy vigorous and lively or attractive, esp in a clean fresh way 生动活泼的, 有吸引力的（尤指以新的方式）. new/fresh blood => blood1.

adv (idm 习语) fresh out of sth (infml 口 esp US) having just used all one's supplies of sth 刚刚（将储备的某物）用尽: We're fresh out of eggs. 我们刚把所有的鸡蛋都吃光了.(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) newly; just 新近的; 刚刚的: fresh-baked bread * fresh-cut flowers./ˈfreʃn; `frɛʃən/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth fresh 使某物新鲜: A good clean will really freshen (up) the house. 好好收拾一下的确会使房子焕然一新.  2 [I] (of the wind) become strong and cool （指风）变得强而凉, 变得凉飕飕.  3 [Tn] (US) add (more liquid, esp alcohol) to a drink （往饮料中）添加（液体, 尤指酒）: Can I freshen your drink? 我再给你添些酒好吗?  4 (phr v) freshen (oneself) up wash and make (oneself) look clean and tidy after a journey, before a meeting, etc （为自己）梳洗: I'll just go and freshen (myself) up before the interview. 我这就去梳洗打扮一番再去会面./ˈfreʃnə(r); `frɛʃənɚ/ n thing that freshens sth 使某物变得清新之物: an `air-freshener 空气清新剂[器].n (Brit infml 口) student in his/her first year at university or college 大学或学院一年级学生.adv (usu followed by past participles 通常後接过去分词) recently; newly 新近; 刚刚: freshly picked strawberries 新摘的草莓 * freshly laid eggs 刚生的蛋./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) (US) student in his/her first year at college, high school or university 大学、学院或中学一年级的学生.n [U].adj [attrib 作定语] from, of, living in or containing fresh (not salty or sea) water 来自淡水的; 淡水的; 生活于淡水的; 含淡水的: freshwater fish 淡水鱼 * freshwater lakes 淡水湖. Cf 参看 saltwater (salt)./fret; frɛt/ v (-tt-)  1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (about/at/over sth) (cause sb to) become unhappy, bad-tempered, or anxious about sth; worry （使某人）不愉快, 烦躁, 焦急, 发愁, 担心: Don't fret, we'll get there on time. 别着急, 我们能准时到那里. * Fretting about it won't help. 发愁于事无补. * Babies often fret (themselves) when their mothers are not near. 婴儿常常因母亲不在身边而哭闹.  2 [Tn] wear (sth) away by rubbing or biting 磨损, 咬坏（某物）: a horse fretting its bit 咬嚼子的马 * a fretted rope 磨损的绳子.

n [sing] state of irritation, worry 烦躁; 担忧: be in a fret 担忧.

/fret; frɛt/ v (-tt-) [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] decorate (wood, etc) with patterns made by cutting or sawing 以刻出的或锯出的图案装饰（木制品等）: an elaborately fretted border 回纹饰边.

/fret; frɛt/ n one of the bars or ridges on the finger-board of a guitar, etc, used as a guide for the fingers to press the strings at the correct place （吉他等指板上的）柱, 马, 品, 桥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi./-fl; -fəl/ adj irritable or complaining, esp because unhappy or worried 烦躁的, 发牢骚的（尤指因不愉快或烦恼）: a fretful child 烦躁的孩子. adv.n narrow saw fixed in a frame, used for cutting designs in thin sheets of wood 线锯; 钢丝锯; 镂花锯.n [U] ornamental work in a decorative pattern, esp wood cut into patterns with a fretsaw 回绞细工; 万字细工./ˈfrɔɪdɪən; `frɔɪdɪən/ adj of or related to the theories of the Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) about the working of the human mind, esp his theories about subconscious sexual ideas or feelings （奥地利心理学家）弗洛伊德学说的, 与弗洛伊德学说有关的（尤指对性的潜在的意识或感觉的理论）.comment made accidentally by a speaker instead of what was originally intended, but which is considered to reveal his true thoughts 走嘴, 溜嘴（不留神而吐露的真心话）.abbr 缩写 = Friday: Fri 7 March  3月7日星期五./ˌfraɪəˈbɪlətɪ; ˌfraɪə`bɪlətɪ/ n [U]./ˈfraɪəbl; `fraɪəbl/ adj (fml 文) easily broken up or crumbled 易破的; 易碎的; 脆的: friable soil 松土. /ˈfraɪə(r); `fraɪɚ/ n man who is a member of one of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, and who works with people in the outside world rather than living in retreat 托　修士. Cf 参看 monk./ˈfraɪərɪ; `fraɪərɪ/ n building in which friars live 男修道院./ˈfrɪkəsiː; ˌfrɪkə`si/ n [C, U] dish of pieces of cooked meat or poultry served in a thick white sauce 烹制後浇白色浓汁的肉块、鸡块等: chicken fricassee 白汁鸡块./ˈfrɪkətɪv; `frɪkətɪv/ n, adj (consonant) made by forcing air through an opening made narrow by bringing the tongue or lips near to another part of the mouth 由摩擦产生的（辅音）: / f, v, W/  are fricatives. /f/、/v/、/W/是摩擦辅音./ˈfrɪkʃn; `frɪkʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) rubbing of one surface or thing against another 摩擦: Friction between two sticks can create a fire. 两个棍棒相互摩擦能起火. (b) resistance of one surface to another surface or substance that moves over it 摩擦力: The force of friction affects the speed at which spacecraft can re-enter the earth's atmosphere. 摩擦力能影响航天器返回地球大气层的速度.  2 [U, C] disagreement or conflict between people or parties with different views 人或党派之间不同观点的矛盾或冲突: There is a great deal of friction between the management and the work force. 劳资双方之间存在大量矛盾. * conflicts and frictions that have still to be resolved 仍须解决的冲突和摩擦./ˈfraɪdɪ; `fraɪdɪ/ n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Fri) the sixth day of the week, next after Thursday 星期五. For the uses of Friday see the examples at Monday. 关于Friday的用法见Monday词条中的示例./frɪdʒ; frɪdʒ/ n (infml 口) refrigerator 冰箱.n upright unit containing separate refrigerator and freezer compartments （冷藏室和冷冻室分开的）立式冰箱.pt, pp of fry./frend; frɛnd/ n  1 person one knows and likes, but who is not a relation 朋友: He's my friend. 他是我的朋友. * We are all good friends. 我们都是好朋友. * I've known her for years, but she was never a friend. 我认识她多年了, 但成不了朋友.  2 ~ of/to sth helper, supporter, or patron of sth 某事物的帮助者、支持者或赞助者: a friend of the arts/the poor 有助于艺术的人、帮助贫民的人 * a friend of justice, peace, etc 维护正义、和平等的人 * You are invited to become a Friend of the Bristol Hospice, ie to contribute money regularly. 邀请您作布里斯托尔末期病人安养所的赞助人.  3 person who is of the same country, group, etc as oneself; ally 同胞; 国人; 自己人; 同盟者: Who goes there  friend or foe? 谁在那里--是自己人还是敌人? * At last, among friends, he was free to speak his mind. 他终于向自己人倾诉衷肠.  4 thing that is very helpful or familiar 极有益或极熟悉的事物: Honesty has always been his best friend. 忠实可靠一向使他受益匪浅. * Let's look it up in our old friend, the dictionary. 让我们请教一下老朋友--字典吧.  5 Friend member of the Society of Friends; Quaker （基督教）公谊会教友.  6 (fml 文) person being addressed in public 在公开场合对人的称呼: Our friend from China will now tell us about her research. 现在我们的中国朋友要向大家介绍她自己的研究情况. * Friends, it is with great pleasure that I introduce... 朋友们, 我很高兴地介绍... * My learned friend, ie used by a lawyer of another lawyer in a lawcourt 律师在法庭上的互称 * My honourable friend, ie used by a Member of Parliament to another Member of Parliament in the House of Commons 在下议院, 国会议员间的互称.  7 (idm 习语) be/make `friends (with sb) be/become a friend (of sb) 是[成为]（某人的）朋友; 交朋友: They soon forgot their differences and were friends again, ie after a quarrel. 他们不久就捐弃前嫌而重归于好. * David finds it hard to make friends (with other children). 戴维觉得（与别的孩子）交朋友是很难的事. a ,friend in `need (is a ,friend in`deed) (saying 谚) a friend who helps one when one needs help (is a true friend) 患难之交（是真交）.adj without any friends 无朋友的.n [U]./ˈfrendlɪ; `frɛndlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) behaving in a kind and pleasant way; acting like a friend 和蔼可亲的; 朋友般的; 友爱的: a friendly person 和蔼可亲的人 * The children here are quite friendly with one another. 这里的孩子相互之间十分友爱. * It wasn't very friendly of you to slam the door in his face. 你冲着他摔门太伤和气了. * friendly nations, ie not hostile 友邦. (b) showing or expressing kindness and helpfulness 亲切的; 友好的: a friendly smile, welcome, gesture, manner, etc 亲切的微笑、亲切的欢迎、友好的表示、友好的态度 * friendly co-operation 亲密的合作. (c) of a relationship in which people treat each other as friends 和睦的;融洽的: friendly relations 和睦的关系 * on friendly terms with the boss 与老板关系融洽.  2 not seriously competitive （竞争）不激烈的, 友好的: a friendly game of football 足球友谊赛 * a friendly argument 友好的争论 * friendly rivalry 友好的竞争.game of football, etc that is not part of a serious competitive series （足球等的）友谊比赛: There's a friendly between Leeds United and Manchester City next week. 利兹联队和曼彻斯特市队下星期有一场友谊赛.association formed to support its members when they are ill or old 互助会./ˈfrendʃɪp; `frɛndʃɪp/ n (a) [U] feeling or relationship between friends; state of being friends 友情; 友谊; 友爱: There were strong ties of friendship between the members of the society. 该团体的成员之间有牢固的友情. * The aim of the conference is to promote international friendship. 会议的目的是增进国际间的友谊. (b) [C] instance of this 友情; 友谊: At school she formed a close friendship with several other girls. 她在学校里与几个女同学建立起亲密的友谊. * I've had many friendships, but never such an intimate one. 我交过很多朋友, 但从没有如此密切./friːz; friz/ n [C] band of sculpture or decoration round the top of a wall or building 雕带; （墙头或建筑物上端的）带状装饰. =>illus at column 见column插图./frɪg; frɪˇ/ v (-gg-) (phr v) frig about/around (<!> infml 讳, 口) waste time; mess about 浪费时间; 吊儿郎当: I've been frigging about all day. 我一整天吊儿郎当./ˈfrɪgət; `frɪˇət/ n small fast naval escort-vessel （小型）护卫舰./ˈfrɪgɪŋ; `frɪˇɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (used to emphasise a judgement or comment 用以加强判断或评论的语气) utter; absolute; bloody 完全的; 十足的; 绝对的; 该死的: You frigging idiot! 你这个该死的大笨蛋!/fraɪt; fraɪt/ n  1 (a) [U] feeling of sudden unpleasant fear 惊吓: trembling with fright 吓得发抖. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] instance of this 惊吓: You gave me (quite) a fright suddenly coming in here like that. 你那样突然走到这里, 真吓了我一大跳. * I got the fright of my life, ie I was extremely frightened. 我吓得要命.  2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) person or thing that looks ridiculous or unattractive 奇形怪状的或不起眼的人或物: She thinks that dress is pretty  I think she looks a fright in it. 她以为那件衣服挺漂亮--依我看她穿着像个丑八怪.  3 (idm 习语) take fright (at sth) be extremely frightened (by sth) （被某事物）惊吓, 受惊: The animals took fright at the sound of the gun. 那些动物受到枪声的惊吓./ˈfraɪtn; `fraɪtn/ v  1 [Tn] fill (sb) with fear; make afraid; scare （使某人）感到恐惧; 使害怕; 惊吓: Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you. 对不起, 我不是故意吓唬你的. * Loud traffic frightens horses. 车辆噪音使马受惊.  2 (idm 习语) frighten/scare sb to `death/out of his `wits; frighten the `life out of sb frighten sb very much; terrify or startle sb 惊吓某人; 使某人恐怖或惊愕: The child was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm. 那孩子让狂风暴雨吓得要命. * You frightened the life out of me/frightened me out of my wits suddenly knocking on the window like that! 你突然那样敲窗户真把我的魂儿都吓掉了. frighten/scare the daylights out of sb => daylights.  3 (phr v) frighten sb/sth away/off force or drive (a person or an animal) to run away by frightening him/it 将（人或动物）吓跑: The alarm frightened the burglars away. 警铃声把贼吓跑了. * The children's shouts frightened off the birds. 孩子们的喊声把鸟儿吓飞了. frighten sb into/out of doing sth cause sb to do/not to do sth by frightening him 吓得某人做[不敢做]某事: News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors. 发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上新门锁.adj in a state of fear; afraid; scared 恐惧的; 害怕的; 受惊的: Frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受惊的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈. * He looked very frightened as he spoke. 他说话时显得非常恐惧. * They're frightened of losing power. 他们害怕失去权力./ˈfraɪtnɪŋ; `fraɪtnɪŋ/ adj causing fear; alarming 引起恐惧的; 惊恐的; 可怕的: a frightening possibility, situation, development, etc 引起恐惧的可能性、形势、发展等 * It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war. 核战争的恐怖状况连想都不敢想. adv: The film was frighteningly realistic. 该影片逼真得令人害怕./ˈfraɪtfl; `fraɪtfəl/ adj  1 very unpleasant; dreadful 令人厌恶的; 令人惧怕的; 可怕的: a frightful accident 可怕的事故.  2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to emphasize a statement) extreme; extremely bad （用以加强叙述的语气）极端的, 极坏的, 极糟的: in a frightful rush 极其匆促 * They left the house in a frightful mess. 他们离去时房子里乱七八糟./-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv (infml 口) very; awfully 非常; 很; 太; 极: I'm frightfully sorry, but I can't see you today. 太对不起了, 我今天不能见你./ˈfrɪdʒɪd; `frɪdʒɪd/ adj  1 very cold 寒冷的; 严寒的: a frigid climate/zone 严寒的气候[地区].  2 (esp of a woman) not responsive sexually （尤指女人）性冷感的.  3 formal and unfriendly, esp in relationships with other people 郑重而冷淡的（尤指与他人的关系）: a frigid glance, look, etc 冷淡的目光、神情等. /frɪˈdʒɪdətɪ; frɪ`dʒɪdətɪ/ n [U]. adv./frɪl; frɪl/ n  1 ornamental border on a garment or curtain, gathered or pleated at one edge （外衣或帘幕的）饰边, 褶边. =>illus 见插图.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) additional item that is not essential for something but makes it more decorative （华而不实的）附加物: a straight forward presentation with no frills 直截了当、不加渲染的叙述.adj decorated with frills (frill 1) 饰有褶边的: a frilled blouse 带褶边的女衬衫./ˈfrɪlɪ; `frɪlɪ/ adj having many frills (frill 1) 多饰边的; 多褶边的: a frilly petticoat 有很多褶边的衬裙./frɪndʒ; frɪndʒ/ n  1 (esp Brit) (US bang) front hair cut so that it hangs over the forehead 垂在额前的短发; 刘海儿: She has a fringe and glasses. 她额前有刘海儿, 戴着眼镜. =>illus at hair 见hair插图.  2 decorative edge on a garment, rug, etc consisting of loose or hanging threads or cords （外衣、小地毯等的）饰边, 毛边, 穗子, 流苏.  3 outer edge of an area, group or activity （地方、群体或活动的）外围: the fringe of a forest 森林的边缘 * on the fringes of society 在社会的边缘 * on the radical fringe of the party (ie the part having views not held by most people) 党内意见偏激的一方 *[attrib 作定语] fringe theatre, ie that stages unconventional and experimental productions 实验剧院 * a fringe meeting, ie one which is not part of the main programme at a political conference （政治会议中的）小会议.  4 (idm 习语) the lunatic fringe => lunatic.

v  1 [Tn] make a fringe(2) for (sth); decorate with a fringe 给（某物）做穗; 以穗装饰: fringe a shawl 给围巾做穗.  2 (idm 习语) be fringed by/with sth have sth as a border 以某物做边界: The estate was fringed with stately elms. 那片地以挺拔的榆树为边界.extra benefit, esp given to an employee in addition to salary or wages 额外津贴（尤指在工资之外付给雇员的）; 附加福利: The fringe benefits of this job include a car and free health insurance. 这工作的附加福利包括一辆小汽车和免费健康保险./ˈfrɪpərɪ; `frɪpərɪ/ n  1 [U] unnecessary showy ornamentation, esp in clothing 无必要的炫耀装饰（尤指服装上的）.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] cheap useless ornament 廉价而无用的装饰./ˈfrɪzbiː; `frɪzbi/ n (propr 专利名) light plastic disc, shaped like a plate, thrown between players in a game 飞盘（一种碟形塑料盘, 供游戏者互相抛扔玩耍）./frɪsk; frɪsk/ v  1 [Tn] (infml 口) pass one's hands over (sb) in a search for hidden weapons, drugs, etc 搜查（某人）（寻找暗藏的武器、毒品等）: Everyone was frisked before getting on the plane. 每个人都经过搜身才登上飞机.  2 [I, Ip] (of animals) run and jump playfully （指动物）欢快地跑跳: lambs frisking (about) in the meadow 在草地上跳来跳去的小羊.

n [sing]  1 (infml 口) act of frisking (frisk 1) a person 搜身.  2 act of playfully jumping and running 欢跃; 欢快的跑跳./-ɪlɪ; -ɪlɪ/ adv.adj lively and energetic, wanting to enjoy oneself 活泼有力的; 爱玩耍的: a frisky lamb 欢蹦乱跳的小羊 * I feel quite frisky this morning. 我今天上午觉得精神挺足. /ˈfriːsɒn; <i>US</i> friːˈsəʊn; fri`son/ n (French 法) sudden feeling or thrill, esp of excitement or fear 震颤, 战栗（尤指因激动或害怕）: a frisson of delight, horror, fear, etc 喜悦、恐怖、惧怕等的战栗./ˈfrɪtə(r); `frɪtɚ/ v (phr v) fritter sth away (on sth) waste (esp one's time or money) foolishly (on small useless things) （在无意义的小事上）愚蠢地浪费（尤指个人的时间或金钱）: fritter away time/energy 浪费时间[精力] * fritter away one's money on gambling 在赌博上挥霍公钱.

/ˈfrɪtə(r); `frɪtɚ/ n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) piece of fried batter, usu containing sliced fruit, meat, etc 油煎饼（通常有水果、肉等的馅）: banana fritters 香蕉馅煎饼./frɪˈvɒlətɪ; frɪ`vɑlətɪ/ n  1 [U] frivolous behaviour 轻浮的举止: youthful frivolity 年轻人的心浮气躁.  2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] frivolous activity or comment 无聊的活动或议论: I can't waste time on such frivolities. 我不能在这种无聊的事情上浪费时间./ˈfrɪvələs; `frɪvələs/ adj  1 (of people, their character, etc) not sensible or serious; foolish and light-hearted （指人、性格等）不明事理的, 不严肃的, 漫不经心的, 轻率的, 肤浅的: At 18, he's still rather frivolous and needs to grow up. 他到了18岁仍然很不懂事、很不成熟. * frivolous comments, objections, criticisms, etc 肤浅的评论、轻率的反对、不严肃的批评等.  2 (of activities) silly or wasteful （指活动）无聊的; 浪费的: She thought that reading romantic novels was a frivolous way of spending her time. 她认为看浪漫小说是虚度时光.adv./frɪz; frɪz/ v [Tn] form (esp hair) into small tight curls 使（尤指毛发）鬈曲: You've had your hair frizzed. 你把头发鬈弯了.

n hair that has been frizzed 鬈发; 鬈毛./ˈfrɪzl; `frɪzl/ v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) twist (hair) into small tight curls 使（毛发）鬈曲.

/ˈfrɪzl; `frɪzl/ v  1 [I, Tn] cook (food) with a sizzling noise 烹制（食物）发出吱吱声: bacon frizzling in the pan 在锅里煎得吱吱作响的腌肉.  2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) burn or shrivel (food) by frying it over a very strong heat; scorch （用旺火将食物）炸焦, 炸缩, 烧焦: The bacon is all frizzled up! 腌肉都煎糊了!adj (of hair) tightly curled; frizzed （指毛发）鬈紧的, 鬈曲的./frəʊ; fro/ adv (idm 习语) to and fro => to3./frɒk; frɑk/ n  1 dress worn by women or girls 连衣裙; （小女孩的）整身衣裙: All my frocks are for the summer. 我的连衣裙都是夏天穿的.  2 long loose gown with sleeves, worn by monks 僧袍.n long coat worn (formerly) by men, now worn only on ceremonial occasions （旧时男子的）长礼服（现仅于典礼、仪式场合穿着）./frɒg; <i>US</i> frɔːg; frɔˇ/ n  1 type of small cold-blooded smooth-skinned animal that lives in water or on land and has very long back legs for jumping, and no tail 蛙; 青蛙: the croaking of frogs 蛙鸣. =>illus 见插图.  2 ornamental fastener on a garment, consisting of a button and a looped cord that fits over it 钮扣和钮襻.  3 frog (infml offensive 口, 蔑) French person 法国人.  4 (idm 习语) have, etc a `frog in one's throat have a (usu temporary) loss or hoarseness of the voice （通常为暂时的）失音或嗓音嘶哑./ˈfrɒgmɑːtʃ; `frɑˇˌmɑrtʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]  1 force (sb) to move forward with the arms held tightly together behind the back 迫使（某人）（反剪双臂）前行: All prisoners were frogmarched (out) into the compound. 犯人都被迫反剪双臂（出来）进入院子.  2 carry (sb) face downwards with four people each holding an arm or a leg 蛙式抬运（某人）（使其面朝下由四人各持一肢抬行）./ˈfrɒgspɔːn; `frɑˇˌspɔn/ n [U] soft almost transparent jelly-like mass of the eggs of a frog 蛙的卵块./-mən; -mən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) swimmer with a rubber suit, flippers and an oxygen supply that enables him to work underwater for periods of time 蛙人./ˈfrɒlɪk; `frɑlɪk/ v (pt, pp frolicked) [I, Ip] ~ (about) play about in a lively happy way 嬉戏: children frolicking about in the swimming-pool 在游泳池里嬉戏的儿童.

n [sing] lively and enjoyable activity 欢乐的活动: having a frolic in the garden 在花园里开游乐会./-səm; -səm/ adj merry; playful 欢快的; 爱逗着玩儿的: a frolicsome kitten 爱逗着玩儿的小猫./frəm; frəm strong form 强读式 frɒm; frɑm/ prep  1 (indicating the place or direction from which sb/sth starts 表示某人[某物]出发的地方或方向): go from Manchester to Leeds 从曼彻斯特到利兹 * a wind from the north 从北方刮来的风 * Has the train from London arrived? 伦敦来的火车到了吗? * She comes home from work at 7 pm. 她下午7点下班回家. * A child fell from the seventh floor of a block of flats. 小孩儿从公寓的八楼上摔了下来. * carpets stretching from to wall to wall, ie from one wall to the opposite one 铺满地板的地毯（从地板一端铺到另一端）.  2 (indicating the time at which sth starts 表示某事开始的时间): I'm on holiday from 30 June. 我从6月30日开始休假. * It's due to arrive an hour from now. 从现在起一个小时就该到了. * We lived in Scotland from 1960 to 1973. 我们从1960年到1973年住在苏格兰. * There's traffic in the streets from dawn till dusk. 从黎明到黄昏街上车辆川流不息. * We're open from 8 am till 7 pm every day. 我们每天由早8点到晚7点营业. * He was blind from birth. 他从出生就失明了.  3 (indicating who sent, gave or communicated sth 表示送、给予或传送某物的人): a letter from my brother 我兄弟来的信 * a present from a friend 朋友送的礼物 * I had a phone call from Mary. 我接到了玛丽的电话. * the man from (ie representing) the Inland Revenue 税务局的人.  4 (indicating where sb/sth originates or is stored 表示某人[某事物]的来源): I'm from New Zealand. 我是新西兰人. * They come from the north. 他们是北方人. * the boy from the baker's 面包房的小伙子 * documents from the 16th century 16世纪的文件 * famous quotations from Shakespeare 莎士比亚的名句 * music from an opera 歌剧选曲 * draw water from a well 从井中取水 * powered by heat from the sun 以太阳的热量为动力的.  5 (indicating distance between two places 表示两地间的距离): 10 miles from the coast 距海岸10英里 * 100 yards from the scene of the accident 离事故现场100码 * (fig 比喻) Far from agreeing with him, I was shocked by his remarks. 我很不同意他的意见, 听了他的话我很吃惊.  6 (indicating the lower limit of a range of numbers, prices, etc 表示数目、价格等的最低限度): write from 10 to 15 letters daily 每天写10到15封信 * Tickets cost from 3 to 11. 票价为3英镑至11英镑. * Our prices start from 2.50 a bottle. 我们的价格起码是2.50英镑一瓶. * Salaries are from 10% to 50% higher than in Britain. 薪金比在英国高10%到15%.  7 (indicating the state or form of sth/sb before a change 表示某事物[某人]改变之前的状态或形式): Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情已经越来越糟了. * You need a break from routine. 你需要从日常工作中脱身去休息一下. * translate from English to Spanish 从英语译成西班牙语 * The bus fare has gone up from 35p to 40p. 公共汽车的票价已由35便士涨到40便士. * From being a librarian she is now an MP. 她从一个图书馆管理员当上了如今的下议院议员.  8 (indicating the material from which sth is made, the material being changed in the process 表示制造某物的原料, 该原料在加工过程中有所改变): Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的. * Steel is made from iron. 钢是用铁炼成的. Cf 参看 of 5, out of 5.  9 (a) (indicating separation, removal, etc 表示分离、除去等): separated from his mother for long periods 与他母亲已分离很长时间 * take the money from my purse 从我钱包里把钱拿走 * borrow a book from the library 从图书馆借书 * release sb from prison 将某人从监狱释放 * 6 from 14 leaves 8. 14减6剩8. (b) (indicating protection or prevention 表示保护或防止): protect children from violence 保护儿童免遭暴力侵犯 * save a boy from drowning 救一男孩使之免遭溺毙 * Wild fruit kept us from dying of starvation. 我们靠着野果才没饿死. * prevent sb from sleeping 不让某人睡着.  10 (indicating the reason, cause or motive 表示理由、原因或动机): She felt sick from tiredness. 她因疲劳而感到不舒服. * suffer from cold and hunger 受饥寒交迫之苦 * She accompanied him from a sense of loyalty. 她出于忠诚而伴随他.  11 considering (sth) 考虑到（某事物）: From the evidence we have heard so far... 就我们所知的证据来说... * From her looks I'd say she was Swedish. 从她的相貌上看, 我敢说她是瑞典人. * From what I heard last night we're going to need a new chairman. 考虑到我昨晚听到的情况, 我们需要一个新主席了. * You can tell quite a lot from the handwriting. 从笔迹上能了解很多东西.  12 (used to make a distinction between two people, places or things 用以区别两人、两地或两事物): Is Portuguese very different from Spanish? 葡萄牙语和西班牙语的差别很大吗? * I can't tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁. * How do you know a fake from the original? 怎样识别膺品和真品呢?  13 (indicating a standpoint 表示立场、观点): Seen from above the town covers a wide area. 从高处下望, 这座城镇占地很广. * From this angle it looks crooked. 从这个角度看这是弯的. * From a teacher's point of view this dictionary will be very useful. 以教师的观点来看, 这部词典很有用.  14 (idm 习语) from...on starting at the specified time and continuing for an indefinite period 从所述的时间开始而延续的期间未定: From now on you can work on your own. 你从现在起可以独立工作了. * From then on she knew she would win. 她从那时起就知道自己会得胜. * She never spoke to him again from that day on. 她从那天以後就再也不和他说话了./frɒnd; frɑnd/ n leaf-like part of a fern or palm （蕨类或棕榈类的）叶./frʌnt; frʌnt/ n  1 (esp the front) [sing] (a) most important part or side of sth; part or side that faces forward; most forward part of sth 正面; 前面: The front of the building was covered with ivy. 建筑物的前面爬满了常春藤. * Put the statue so that the front faces the light. 把雕像摆好, 让正面向着光. * The front of the car has a dent in it. 小汽车的前面有一个凹痕. * The young boy spilt some juice down his front, ie the clothes covering his chest. 那男孩把果汁洒在前襟上了. (b) position directly before or ahead; most forward position or place 正前方或前面的位置, 最靠前的位置或地方: All eyes to the front as we pass the other competitors! 我们超越对手时要目不斜视! * The teacher made me move my seat to the front of the classroom. 老师让我把座位挪到教室的最前面去坐. * At the front of the house, someone had planted a beautiful garden. 有人在房前种上了花, 成了个漂亮的花园. * I prefer to travel in the front of the car, ie next to the driver. 我愿意坐在汽车的前面（挨着司机）. Cf 参看 back1 1.  2 the front [sing] the land along the edge of the sea or a lake; promenade 海边; 湖边; 海滨: walk along the (sea) front 沿着海滨散步.  3 the front [sing] (in war) area where fighting takes place; foremost line of an army （战争中）前线, 前沿: be sent to the front 被派往前线 * serve at the front 在前线服役.  4 [sing] outward appearance or show, esp of the specified type 外表或样子（尤指所述的类型）: Her rudeness is just a front for her shyness. 她色厉内荏. * put on/show/present a bold front 装出一副大胆的样子 * We might argue among ourselves, but against the management we must present a united front, ie act and speak as a group. 我们内部不妨有争论, 但对付资方我们必须团结一致.  5 [sing] a ~ for sth (infml 口) something that serves to hide an illegal or a secret activity 非法或秘密活动的掩蔽物: The jewellery firm is just a front for their illegal trade in diamonds. 该珠宝公司不过是进行非法的钻石交易的幌子.  6 [C] (of weather) forward edge of an advancing mass of warm or cold air （指天气）（热或冷气团的）锋: A cold front is moving in from the north. 一股冷锋正从北方向这里移动.  7 [C] (usu with an adj or a n 通常与形容词或名词连用) specified area of activity活动的范围或领域: on the domestic, financial, education, etc front 在国内、金融、教育等方面.  8 [sing] (esp in names 尤用于名称) organized and often aggressively active political group 有组织的、常有过激活动的政治团体: the National Front 民族阵线.  9 (idm 习语) back to front => back1. eyes right/left/front => eye1. in `front; out `front part of a theatre where the audience sits 观众席. in front adv in a position further forward than but close to sb/sth 在某人[某物]前面: a small house with a garden in front 前面带花园的小房子 * The children walked in twos with one teacher in front and one behind. 孩子们排成两行走, 前後各有一位老师. * The British car has been in front now for several minutes. 英国汽车已领先数分钟. Cf 参看 behind2. in front of prep (a) in a position further forward than but close to (sb/sth) 在（某人[某物]）前面: The car in front of me stopped suddenly and I had to brake. 我前面那辆小汽车突然停住, 我只好刹车. * The bus stops right in front of our house. 公共汽车正停在我们房前. * I keep the children's photographs in front of me on the desk. 我把孩子们的照片放在书桌上, 摆在我面前. * If you're phoning from outside London, dial 01 in front of the number. 从伦敦以外的地方打来电话, 要先拨01再拨电话号码. Cf 参看 behind1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. (b) in the presence of (sb) 当（某人的）面: The cheques must be signed in front of the cashier at the bank. 必须当着银行出纳员的面签这些支票. * Please don't talk about it in front of the children. 请不要当着孩子们谈论那事. up `front (infml 口) as payment in advance 提前付款; 先期付款: We'll pay you half up front and the other half when you've finished the job. 我们先付给你一半钱, 剩下的一半等你干完了再付.

adj [attrib 作定语] of or at (the) front(1) 前面的; 在前面的: on the front page of the newspaper 在报纸的头版 * front teeth 门齿 * They keep the front room for visitors. 他们把前面的房间留给客人. * the front door, ie the door that serves as the main entrance to a house 前门 * the front seats of a bus 公共汽车前面的座位.

v  1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (onto) sth have the front facing or directed towards sth; face 面对; 直对; 面向: hotels that front onto the sea 面向大海的旅馆 * Attractive gardens fronted the houses. 这些房子的前面都有漂亮的花园.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] provide (sth) with a front 用（某物）作正面: The monument was fronted with stone. 纪念碑的正面是石料做的.  3 [Tn] (infml 口) (a) serve as a leader or representative of (an organization) 作为（某组织的）领导人或代表. (b) present (a television or radio programme) 主持（电视节目或广播节目）: Dan Davies has been chosen to front a new discussion programme. 丹·戴维斯获任主持一个新的讨论节目.(infml 口)  1 (person who acts as the) leader or representative of an organization 某组织的领导人或代表; 头面人物.  2 presenter of a television or radio programme （电视或广播的）节目主持人.person who seems most likely to succeed or win, eg in a race or contest 最有可能成功或获胜的人（如在比赛或竞争中）; 领先者: Who are the front runners in the Presidential contest? 哪些人在总统竞选中最有可能获胜?adj [attrib 作定语] interesting or important enough to be printed on the front page of a newspaper 头版的: ,front-page `news 头版新闻./ˈfrʌntɪdʒ; `frʌntɪdʒ/ n [C, U] extent of a piece of land or a building along its front, esp bordering a road or river 一块土地或一建筑物的正面的空地（尤指临街或沿河的）: For sale, shop premises with frontages on two streets. 出售商业用房, 前有空地两面临街. * a warehouse with good river frontage 带有一片良好的临河空地的仓库./ˈfrʌntl; `frʌntl/ adj [attrib 作定语]  1 at, from, in, or of the front 靠正面的; 从正面的; 在正面的; 正面的: a frontal view 正面所见 * a frontal attack, ie one directed at the front or the main point 正面攻击 * full frontal nudity, ie complete nudity, showing the whole of the front of the body 正面全裸.  2 (medical 医) of a person's forehead 前额的: frontal lobes 额叶.  3 concerning a weather front(6) （天气）锋的: a frontal system 锋系./ˈfrʌntɪə(r); <i>US</i> frʌnˈtɪər; frʌn`tɪr/ n  1 [C] (a) ~ (between sth and sth); ~ (with sth) border between two countries 国界; 边界: the frontier between Austria and Hungary 奥地利和匈牙利之间的边界. (b) land on either side of such a border 边疆; 边陲; 边境; 国境: [attrib 作定语] a frontier zone 边境地带 * a frontier town 边疆城镇 * frontier disputes 边界争端.  2 the frontier [sing] (esp US) extreme limit of settled land, beyond which the country is wild and undeveloped 已开发地区的边缘地带: Beyond the frontier lay very real dangers. 在开发地区以外十分危险.  3 the frontiers [pl] extreme limit, esp of knowledge about sth 极限（尤指有关某事物的知识的）; 尖端; 边缘: advance the frontiers of science 拓展科学的领域 * teach near the frontiers of one's subject, ie give recently discovered information 讲授个人专业领域的新知识. =>Usage at border 用法见border./-zmən; -zmən/ n (pl -men / -mEn; -mEn/) man living on the frontier; one of the first settlers of an area 边疆居民; 边民; 拓荒者; 开拓者./ˈfrʌntɪspiːs; `frʌntɪsˌpis/ n (usu sing 通常作单数) illustration at the beginning of a book, on the page opposite the title-page 卷首插图（在与书名页相对的一页上的）./frɒst; <i>US</i> frɔːst; frɔst/ n  1 (a) [U] weather condition in which the temperature falls below freezing-point, usu accompanied by the formation of frost(2) 严寒（气温在冰点以下, 通常伴有霜冻）: Young plants are often killed by frost. 植物的幼苗常因严寒而冻死. * a temperature of 10 degrees of frost, ie 10 degrees Celsius below freezing-point 冰点下10摄氏度的气温. (b) [C] instance or period of this 严寒; 严寒期: There was a heavy (ie severe) frost last night. 昨夜有严重霜冻. * early frosts, ie in autumn 秋寒 * late frosts, ie in spring 春寒.  2 [U] dew or water vapour frozen into tiny white ice crystals that cover the ground, etc when the temperature falls below freezing-point 霜: The windscreen was covered with frost. 挡风玻璃上结了霜.

v  1 [Tn] cover (sth) with frost 在（某物）上结霜: frosted pavements 结霜的人行道.  2 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] kill or damage (plants, etc) with frost n (1) 冻死或冻坏（植物等）.  3 [Tn] (esp US) decorate (a cake, etc) with icing or frosting 用糖衣或糖霜装饰（糕饼等）.  4 [Tn] make (glass) opaque by giving it a rough frostlike surface 使（玻璃）不透明（形成霜状粗糙表面）: frosted window panes 磨砂窗户玻璃.  5 (phr v) frost over/up become covered with frost 结霜: The car windscreen frosted over during the night. 汽车的挡风玻璃在夜间结了霜.n [U] injury to the body, esp fingers, toes, ears, etc, caused by extreme cold 冻伤; 冻疮: Two of the mountain climbers were suffering from frost-bite. 有两个登山者冻伤了.adj suffering from or affected by frost-bite 患冻疮的; 被冻伤的: frost-bitten ears 冻伤的耳朵.adj (of the ground) made hard by frost （指地）冻硬的./-ɪlɪ; ɪlɪ/ adv. n [U]: a certain frostiness in her greeting 在她的问候中略含冷淡之意./ˈfrɒstɪŋ; <i>US</i> ˈfrɔːstɪŋ; `frɔstɪŋ/ n [U] (esp US) = icing./ˈfrɒstɪ; <i>US</i> ˈfrɔːstɪ; `frɔstɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) very cold; cold with frost 严寒的; 霜冻的: frosty weather 有霜冻的天气 * It's sunny, but the air is frosty. 虽然是晴天, 但空气很冷. (b) covered with frost 结霜的: frosty fields 结霜的田地.  2 (fig 比喻) cold and unwelcoming in manner; not friendly 冷若冰霜的; 不友好的: a frosty look, response, welcome, etc 冷若冰霜的表情、反应、迎接等. /frɒθ; <i>US</i> frɔːθ; frɔθ/ n [U]  1 mass of small bubbles, esp on the surface of a liquid; foam 泡（尤指液体表面上的）; 泡沫: I don't like beer with too much froth. 我不喜欢泡沫太多的啤酒.  2 (derog 贬) light but worthless conversation, ideas, etc 空洞的交谈、思想等: Their chatter was nothing but froth! 他们聊天儿没别的, 全是废话!

v  1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause (a liquid) to foam 使（液体）起泡: froth (up) a milk shake 将含奶的饮料打起泡沫来.  2 [I, Ipr] have or produce froth 有泡沫、起泡沫; 发泡; 冒泡: The water frothed as it tumbled down the rocks. 水冲击在岩石上溅起了泡沫. * Animals with rabies often froth at the mouth. 患狂犬病的动物常常口吐白沫. * (fig 比喻) He was so angry he was almost frothing at the mouth. 他气得差点儿口吐白沫.adv. n [U].adj (-ier, -iest)  1 full of or covered with froth 有泡沫的; 起泡沫的: frothy beer 有泡沫的啤酒 * a frothy mixture of eggs and milk 起泡儿的蛋奶混合物.  2 light and trivial 轻浮的; 浅薄的; 空洞的: a novel written in a frothy style 笔调轻浮的小说. /fraʊn; fraᴜn/ v  1[I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) bring the eyebrows together, so wrinkling the skin on one's forehead (to express anger, thought, worry, etc) 皱眉, 蹙额（以示生气、沉思、忧愁等）: What's wrong? Why are you frowning? 出什么事了? 干什么皱着眉头? * Peter frowned at the noise coming from the boys' bedroom. 彼得听到从男孩子卧室传来的吵闹声便皱起眉头. * She read through the letter, frowning at its contents. 她把信看了一遍, 从头到尾双眉深锁.  2 (phr v) frown on/upon sth disapprove of sth 不赞成某事; 不许可; 不同意: My parents always frown on late nights out. 我父母向来不赞成深夜外出. * Gambling is frowned upon by some church authorities. 有些教会权力机关不许可赌博. =>Usage at smirk 用法见smirk.

n serious, angry, worried, etc look on the face causing lines on the forehead; expression of displeasure 皱眉; 蹙额; 不悦: She looked up from her exam paper with a worried frown. 她看完自己的试卷愁眉不展地抬起头来. * I noticed a slight frown of disapproval on his face. 我留意到他轻轻皱了一下眉, 露出不赞成的样子./ˈfraʊstɪ; `fraᴜstɪ/ adj (derog 贬 esp Brit) (of the air conditions in a room) stale and stuffy （指房间里的空气）不流通的, 闷热的./ˈfraʊzɪ; `fraᴜzɪ/ adj (esp Brit)  1 untidy or unclean in appearance; shabby 外表不整洁的; 邋遢的.  2 ill-smelling; stale and stuffy; musty 难闻的; 污浊闷热的; 霉臭的.pt of freeze.pp of freeze./ˌef ɑːr ˈes; ˌɛf ɑr `ɛs/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Fellow of the Royal Society 皇家学会会员: Charles May FRS 皇家学会会员查尔斯·梅./ˌfrʌktɪfɪˈkeɪʃn;ˌfrʌktəfə`keʃən/ n [U]./ˈfrʌktɪfaɪ; `frʌktəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) bear fruit or be fruitful （使某物）结果实或多产. /ˈfrʌktəʊs, -əʊz; `frʌktoz/ n type of sugar found in fruit juice, honey, etc 果糖（果汁、蜂蜜等中所含的糖）./ˈfruːgl; `fruˇl/ adj (a) careful and thrifty, esp with money and food 节约的, 节俭的, 节省的（尤指对金钱和食物）: a frugal housekeeper 节俭的管家. (b) of life in which such care is shown 生活俭朴的: They lived a very frugal existence, avoiding all luxuries. 他们生活非常俭朴, 力避奢华. (c) costing little; small in quantity 花费少的; 省钱的; 小量的: a frugal meal of bread andcheese 只有面包和奶酪的便餐. /fruˈglətɪ; fru`ˇælətɪ/ n [U]. /-gəlɪ; -ˇlɪ/ adv /fruːt; frut/ n  1 [C, U] fleshy seed-bearing part of a plant used as food; quantity of these 水果; 水果的量: The country exports tropical fruit(s). 该国出口热带水果. * Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? 蕃茄是水果还是蔬菜? * Bananas, apples and oranges are all fruit. 香蕉、苹果和橘子都是水果. * This pudding has two pounds of fresh fruit in it. 这个布丁里有两磅鲜果. * [attrib 作定语] `fruit juice 果汁 * `fruit trees 果树. =>illus 见插图.  2 [C] (botany 植) part of a plant, tree or bush in which the seed is formed 果实.  3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] any plant product used as food 可做食物的任何植物的产物: the fruits of the earth, ie vegetables, cereals, etc 农产品（蔬菜、谷物等）.  4 (esp 尤作 the fruits [pl]) result or reward of an action, hard work, etc 成果; 结果; 产物: enjoy the fruit(s) of one's labours 享受自己的劳动成果.  5 [U] (also ,dried `fruit) currants, raisins, or sultanas, used as food or in baking 乾果.  6 (idm 习语) bear fruit => bear2. forbidden fruit => forbid.

v [I] produce fruit 结果实: These apple trees have always fruited well. 这些苹果树总是结很多苹果.(Brit) (also esp US ,one-armed `bandit) type of coin-operated gambling machine, often displaying symbols representing fruit 吃角子老虎（以硬币启动的赌具, 常以水果图案为显示符号）.1 (esp Brit) mixture of different types of fruit, cut up and served as a dessert 水果色拉; 水果杂拌.  2 (US) dish of small pieces of fruit set in jelly(1a) and served as a dessert 水果冻; 果冻.n  1 [C, U] cake containing dried fruit 含有乾果的糕饼; 乾果蛋糕.  2 (idm 习语) nutty as a fruit-cake => nutty (nut).n small fly that feeds on decaying plant matter, esp fruit 果蝇.n small knife used for cutting and peeling fruit 水果刀./ˈfruːtərə(r); `frutərɚ/ n (esp Brit) person who sells fruit, esp in a shop or stall 水果商贩./ˈfruːtfl; `frutfəl/ adj  1 having many good results; productive or profitable; successful 硕果累累的; 多产的; 有利的; 成功的: a fruitful experience, day's work, partnership 丰富的经验、收获大的一日工作、成功的合作关系 * fruitful areas of research 硕果累累的研究领域.  2 producing a lot of fruit 果实结得多的. /ˈfruːtfəlɪ; `frutfəlɪ/ adv. /ˈfruːtfəlnɪs;`frutfəlnɪs/ n [U]./fruːˈɪʃn; fru`ɪʃən/ n [U] fulfilment of hopes, plans, etc; getting what one wants or has worked for （希望、计画等的）实现; 完成: After months of hard work, our plans came to/were brought to fruition. 我们经过几个月的苦干, 终于实现了计画./ˈfruːtlɪs; `frutlɪs/ adj producing little or no result; unsuccessful 不结果实的; 无结果的; 不成功的; 无益的; 无效的: a fruitless attempt 无益的尝试 * Our efforts to persuade her were fruitless  she didn't even listen. 我们怎么劝她都没用--她连听都不听. adv. n [U]./ˈfruːtɪ; `frutɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like fruit in smell or taste; containing a lot of fruit 果香的; 果味的; 含大量水果的: a fruity wine 果酒 * a fruity dessert 水果甜食.  2 (infml 口) funny in a crude and often sexually suggestive way （粗俗而常含色情内容）逗笑的: a fruity joke, remark, story, etc 色情的笑话、言语、故事等.  3 (infml 口) (of a voice, etc) rich and deep in tone or quality （指声音等）圆润而深沉的: a fruity chuckle 低沉的笑声./frʌmp; frʌmp/ n (derog 贬) person (usu a woman) who wears dull old-fashioned clothes 衣着不入时的人（通常指女子）. adj: a frumpish outfit 不时兴的衣装./frʌˈstreɪt; <i>US</i> ˈfrʌstreɪt; `frʌstret/ v [Tn]  1 (a) prevent (sb) from doing or achieving sth 阻止（某人）做成某事; 妨碍: He had hoped to set a new world record, but was frustrated by bad weather. 他本希望能创造新的世界纪录, 但因天气恶劣而未果. (b) make (efforts, etc) useless; defeat 使（努力等）无效; 失败: Bad weather has frustrated plans to launch the spacecraft today. 今日发射宇宙飞船的计画, 因天气恶劣而落空.  2 upset or discourage (sb) 扰乱或阻挠（某人）; 使沮丧; 使灰心: Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation shown of her work. 玛丽因工作得不到赏识而灰心丧气.adj  1 (a) [pred 作表语] discouraged; not satisfied 令人灰心; 令人沮丧; 令人不满: As a nurse she got very frustrated, but being an administrator seems to suit her. 她做护士很不顺心, 但当管理人员似乎倒很适合. (b) [attrib 作定语] unable to be successful in one's chosen career 失意的; 不得志的; 受挫的: Film directors are sometimes frustrated actors. 电影导演有时是不得志的演员.  2 not satisfied sexually 性欲上不满的.adj annoying; discouraging 使人心烦的; 使人讨厌的; 使人灰心的; 使人沮丧的: I find it frustrating that I can't speak other languages. 我不会说别的语言, 感到惘然若失./frʌˈstreɪʃn; frʌs`treʃən/ n  1 [U] (state of) being frustrated 灰心; 沮丧; 不满; 失意; 受挫.  2 [C] instance of this; disappointment 灰心; 沮丧; 不满; 挫折; 失意; 失望: Every job has its frustrations. 每种工作都有让人不称心的地方./fraɪ; fraɪ/ v (pt, pp fried/ fraId; fraId/)  1 [I, Tn] cook (sth) or be cooked in boiling fat or oil 油煎; 油炸: fried chicken 炸鸡 * bacon frying in the pan 在煎锅里煎着的腌肉. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook.  2 (idm 习语) have bigger/other fish to fry => fish1.

/fraɪ; fraɪ/ n [pl v]  1 young or newly hatched fishes 小鱼; 鱼苗.  2 (idm 习语) `small fry => small.n (Brit) (dish of) fried food, esp bacon, eggs, sausages, etc 油煎食品（菜肴）（尤指腌肉、蛋、香肠等）: We always have a fry-up for Saturday lunch. 我们星期六的午饭总有一道油煎菜./ˈfraɪə(r); `fraɪɚ/ n  1 large deep pan for frying food, esp fish 大而深的锅（用以炸食物、尤指鱼）.  2 (esp US) small young chicken suitable for frying （适宜炸食的）雏鸡.n  1 flat shallow pan with a long handle, used for frying food 长柄平底浅锅（煎锅）. =>illus at pan 见pan插图.  2 (idm 习语) out of the `frying-pan into the `fire from a bad situation to one that is worse 跳出油锅又入火坑; 愈来愈糟; 每况愈下./ˌef ˈtiː; ˌɛf `ti/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Financial Times (newspaper) 金融时报: the FT (share) index 金融时报（股票）指数.abbr 缩写 = (in names 用作名称) Fort: Ft William, eg on a map 威廉堡（如地图上的字样）.abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为 ) feet; foot: 11 ft x (ie by) 6 ft (11 x 6) 11英尺6英尺 * She was only 5 ft (tall). 她只有5英尺（高）. Cf 参看 in, yd./ˈfjuːʃə; `fjuʃə/ n shrub with red, purple or white drooping flowers 倒挂金钟（灌木, 开红色、紫色或白色花, 悬垂呈倒挂钟状）./fʌk; fʌk/ v (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 [I, Tn] have sexual intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）性交.  2 [I, Tn](esp imperative or as an interj in exclamations expressing extreme anger, annoyance or disgust 尤用于祈使句或用于感叹句中作感叹词, 表示极其愤怒、烦恼或憎恶): Fuck (it)! 他妈的! * Fuck you  I don't care if I never see you again. 滚你妈的蛋--我这辈子也不想见你了. * Fuck the bloody thing  it won't work. 去他妈的倒霉玩意儿--不管用.  3 (idm 习语) `fucking well (used to emphasize an angry statement, esp an order 说气话时用以加强语气, 尤作命令用语) certainly; definitely 确实; 一定: You're fucking well coming whether you want to or not. 不管你想来不想来, 你是一定得来.  4 (phr v) fuck a`bout/a`round behave foolishly or unhelpfully 干愚蠢的或无谓的事; 胡闹: Stop fucking around and come and give me a hand. 别胡闹了, 过来给我帮个忙.fuck sb about/around treat sb badly or inconsiderately亏待或不体谅某人: This bloody company keeps fucking me about. 这倒霉的公司一直亏待我. fuck `off (esp imperative 尤用于祈使句) go away 走开; 滚. fuck sth up spoil or ruin sth 弄糟或毁坏某事物.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) (<!> sl 讳, 俚)  1 act of sexual intercourse 性交.  2 (sexist 性别偏见) person, esp a woman, considered as a sexual partner 性交对象（尤指女子）: She's a good fuck. 她是个床上的好伴.  3 (idm 习语) not care/give a fuck (about sb/sth) not care at all 毫不在乎: He doesn't give a fuck about anyone else. 他对别人毫不关心.n [U] (<!> sl 讳, 俚) nothing at all 丝毫没有; 什么都没有: You've done ,fuck-`all today. 你今天是屁事也没干. * [attrib 作定语] He's ,fuck-all ,use as a `goalkeeper. 他当守门员屁事不顶./ˈfʌkʌp; `fʌkˌʌp/ n (<!> sl 讳, 俚) complete mess; disaster 一团糟; 一塌糊涂: What a fuck-up! 真是乱成一锅粥!n (<!> sl 讳, 俚) (as a general term of abuse) fool; idiot （用作一般的辱骂用语）傻瓜, 笨蛋.(<!> sl 讳, 俚) adj, adv (used to add emphasis in expressions of anger, annoyance, etc 用以增强表示愤怒、烦恼等的语气): I'm fucking sick of the whole fucking lot of you. 你们他妈的真让我恶心./ˈfʌdl; `fʌdl/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] confuse (sb/sth), esp with alcoholic drink 使（某人[某事]）错乱（尤指因含酒精饮料所致）: in a fuddled state 处于昏昏沉沉的状态 * one's mind fuddled with gin 喝杜松子酒喝得烂醉.

n (usu sing 通常作单数) confused state 混乱: My brain's in a fuddle. 我的脑子糊里糊涂的./ˈfʌdɪdʌdɪ; `fʌdɪˌdʌdɪ/ n (infml derog or joc 口, 贬或谑) person who has old-fashioned ideas and habits 老脑筋; 老顽固; 老古董: You're such an old fuddy-duddy! 你这个老古董! * [attrib 作定语] You and your fuddy-duddy ideas! 你这个老脑筋!/fʌdʒ; fʌdʒ/ n [U] soft sweet made of sugar, butter and milk, often with added flavourings （由糖、奶油和牛奶, 有时加香料制成的）软糖: chocolate/walnut fudge 巧克力[核桃]软糖.

/fʌdʒ; fʌdʒ/ v [Tn] (infml 口)  1 do (sth) clumsily or inadequately 胡乱地或敷衍地做（某事）: He had to fudge a reply because he didn't know the right answer. 因为他不知道正确的答案, 只好胡编乱造一个.  2 misrepresent or falsify (sth); evade (sth) 歪曲或捏造（某事）; 逃避（某事）: Our manager has been fudging the issue of bonus payments for months. 我们的经理数月来一直回避发放奖金一事./ˈfjuːəl; `fjuəl/ n  1 [U] (a) material burned to produce heat or power, eg wood, coal, oil, etc 燃料: What sort of fuel do these machines need? 这些机器需要哪种燃料? (b) material that produces nuclear energy 核燃料.  2 [C] any particular type of fuel 任何类型的燃料.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) thing that increases anger or other strong feelings （使愤怒或其他激情增强的）刺激因素: His indifference was a fuel to her hatred. 他无动于衷使她心中的怨恨火上加油.  4 (idm 习语) add fuel to the flames => add.

v (-ll-; US -l-)  1 [I] take in fuel 给（某物）加燃料; 供给（某物）燃料: All aircraft must fuel before a long flight. 所有飞机均须先加油方能作长途飞行.  2 [Tn] supply (sth) with fuel: fuelling a car with petrol 给汽车加汽油 * (fig 比喻) inflation fuelled by big wage increases./fʌg; fʌˇ/ n (usu sing 通常作单数); (infml 口) warm stuffy atmosphere, eg in a small or crowded room 热而污浊的空气（如在狭小的或拥挤的房间里）: Open the window  there's quite a fug in here. 打开窗户吧--这里的空气不新鲜了. adj./ˈfjuːdʒətɪv; `fjudʒətɪv/ n ~ (from sb/sth) person who is running away or escaping 逃跑者; 逃亡者: fugitives from a country ravaged by war 从饱受战争蹂躏的国家逃出的难民 * a fugitive from justice 逃犯.

adj  1 escaping; running away 逃亡的; 逃跑的: a fugitive criminal 逃跑的罪犯.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) lasting only a short time; fleeting 短暂的; 瞬间的; 转瞬即逝的: fugitive thoughts, impressions, sensations, etc 瞬间的想法、印象、感觉./fjuːg; fjuˇ/ n musical composition in which one or more themes are introduced and then repeated in a complex pattern 赋格曲./ˈfʊlkrəm; `fᴜlkrəm/ n (pl ~s or fulcra/ 5fUlkrE; `fJlkrE/) point on which a lever is supported 支撑杠杆的点; 支点. =>illus at lever 见lever插图./fʊlˈfɪl; fᴜl`fɪl/ v (-ll-) [Tn]  1 perform (sth) or bring (sth) to completion 履行（某事）; 使（某事）实现: fulfil a promise, prophecy 履行诺言、使预言实现.  2 satisfy (sth); answer 满足（某事）; 符合: fulfil a desire, prayer, hope, need, dream, etc 满足欲望、实现祈愿、符合愿望、符合需要、符合理想 * Does your job fulfil your expectations? 你的工作符合你的预想吗?  3 satisfy the specific requirements of (sth) 满足（某事）的要求: fulfil the terms of a contract 满足合同条款的要求 * fulfil the conditions of entry to a university 具备某大学的入学条件.  4 perform (sth); do; obey fully 履行（某事）; 做; 服从: fulfil a duty, a command, an obligation, etc 履行职责、服从命令、履行义务.  5 ~ oneself fully develop one's abilities and character 充分发挥自己的能力和性格: He was able to fulfil himself through music. 他通过音乐能充分地发挥自己的才能.adj satisfied; completely happy 满意的; 满足的; 十分愉快的: He doesn't feel really fulfilled in his present job. 他对目前的工作并非真正满意.n [U] fulfilling or being fulfilled 满意; 满足./fʊl; fᴜl/ adj (-er, -est)  1 ~ (of sth/sb) (a) holding or containing as much or as many as possible; completely filled 满的; 饱含的; 充满的: drawers full to overflowing 抽屉满得装不进东西 * My cup is full. 我的杯子是满的. * The bin needs emptying; it's full of rubbish. 垃圾箱该倒了, 垃圾都满了. * The theatre is full, I'm afraid you'll have to wait for the next show. 剧院已客满, 很抱歉你只能等下一场了. =>Usage at empty1 用法见empty1. (b) having or containing much or many; crowded 充足的; 丰富的; 挤满的: a lake full of fish 有很多鱼的湖 * a room full of people 挤满人的房间 * She's full of vitality. 她充满活力.  2 ~ of sth completely occupied in thinking about sth 头脑里充满某想法的; 只想着某事物的: She was full of the news, ie could not stop herself talking about it. 她满脑子都是那消息.  3 ~ (up) having had enough to eat and drink 吃饱喝足: No more thank you, I'm full up. 不添了, 谢谢, 我已经吃饱喝足了.  4 [attrib 作定语] (a) complete; plentiful 全面的; 完整的; 详尽的; 充分的: give full information, details, instructions, etc 提供完整的资料、详尽的细节、全面的指导等. (b) complete; reaching specified or usual limits 完全的; 十足的; 达到（指定的或通常的）限度的: The roses are in full bloom. 玫瑰花正在盛开. * I had to wait a full hour for the bus. 我等公共汽车足足等了一小时. * He got full marks (ie the highest marks possible) for his essay. 他的文章得了满分. * Her dress was a full three inches above the knee. 她的连衣裙下摆离膝盖整整三英寸.  5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] plump; rounded 丰满的; 圆的: a full figure 胖体形 * rather full in the face 脸很胖.  6 (of clothes) fitting loosely or made with plenty of material （指衣服）宽松的, 肥大的: a full skirt 肥大的裙子 * Please make this coat a little fuller across the back. 请把这件大衣的後身放宽些.  7 (of a tone or voice) deep and mellow （指音调或嗓音）深沉圆润的.  8 (idm 习语) at full `stretch to the limit of one's ability 达到个人能力的限度; 竭尽全力: working at full stretch 竭尽全力地工作. at half/full cock => cock2. come full `circle return to the starting point after a series of events, experiences, etc （事情、经历等）绕一圈回到原处. come to a full `stop stop completely 停住: The car came to a full stop at the traffic lights. 汽车在交通信号灯处停住了. draw onself up to one's full height => draw2. the first/full flush of youth, etc => flush1. (at) full `blast at maximum power, activity, etc 以最大的力量、活力等: going, talking, shouting full blast 疾步行走、高声谈话、大声疾呼 * An orchestra playing at full blast is a tremendous sound. 管弦乐队全力演奏声音大得惊人. full of `beans/`life having a lot of energy and vitality 精力旺盛. full of the joys of spring lively and light-hearted 活泼愉快. (at) full length with the body stretched out and flat 全身伸直: lying full length on the sofa 全身伸直躺在沙发上. `full of oneself (derog 贬) selfish and conceited 自私自利; 自以为是: You're very full of yourself today, I must say. 你今天太自以为是了, 我不得不说出来. full of one's own im`portance (derog 贬) thinking that one is very important 自负; 自高自大. (at) full `pelt/`tilt/`speed with great speed or force 以极高的速度或极大的力量: He drove full tilt intothe lamppost. 他车开得飞快, 撞上了路灯柱. full speed/steam ahead (proceeding) with as much speed and vigour as possible 全速前进; 竭尽全力. give full/short measure => measure. give sb/sth full play give sb/sth complete freedom of action or expression 使某人[某事物]充分表现或发挥. have one's hands full => hand1. in full completely; with nothing omitted 全部地; 全面地; 无省略地; 无遗漏地: publish a report in full 全文发表一份报告 * write one's name in full, eg John Henry Smith, not J H Smith 写全名（如写作John Henry Smith, 不作J.H. Smith）. in full `cry (of a pack of hunting hounds) barking together noisily as they chase their prey （指一群猎犬）追赶猎物时齐声狂吠: (fig 比喻) The pop group raced for their car, pursued by fans in full cry. 流行歌手朝着他们的汽车跑去, 後面跟着一群狂呼乱叫的歌迷. in full play fully operating or active 正在进行中; 正起劲. in full sail (of a ship) with all the sails spread or set （指船）张满帆. in full `swing fully active 正起劲; 正活跃: The party was in full swing when we arrived. 我们到达时恰值聚会的高潮. in full `view (of sb/sth) completely visible 全都看得见的: He performed the trick in full view of the whole audience. 他在全体观众都看得见的情况下变魔术. to the `full to the greatest possible extent 达到尽可能大的程度; 充分地: enjoy life to the full 尽情享受人生的乐趣.

adv  1 exactly; directly 精确地; 直接地: John hit him full in the face. 约翰一下正打在他的脸上.  2 very 很; 非常: as you know full well 正如你十分了解的.(in hockey, football, etc) defensive player near the goal （曲棍球、足球等的）後卫.the providing of bed and all meals, in a hotel, etc 全食宿（旅馆等提供住宿和全部伙食）: The price is 20 for bed and breakfast, 25 full board. 住宿加早餐的价钱是20英镑, 全食宿25英镑. Cf 参看 half board (half3).1 theatre, cinema, etc with all its seats occupied 满座; 客满: We have a full house tonight. 我们今晚客满了.  2 (in poker) set of cards held by a player that consists of three cards of one value and two of another （扑克戏）由三张同点的及另两张同点的牌组成的一手牌.  3 (in bingo, etc) set of numbers needed to win （宾戈等赌博游戏）为获胜所需的一组号码.maximum marks possible in an examination, etc （考试等的）满分: (fig 比喻) I must say I give you full marks for your tactful handling of a difficult situation. 你巧妙地处理了困难的局面, 我得给你打满分.the moon in its fullest phase, with its whole disc illuminated; time when this occurs 满月; 望月. Cf 参看 new moon (new).adj filling a complete page 全页的; 整版的: a ,full page ad`vertisement 整版篇幅的广告.1 punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation 句号; 句点. =>App 3 见附录3.  2 (used to indicate finality 用以表示定局) without further qualification 无斟酌余地: I just think he is very unpleasant, full stop. 我就是认为他很讨厌, 没别的说的.end of a game of football, etc （足球等比赛的）终场, 结束.adj  1 not of mixed race or breed 纯种的: a ,full-blooded `mare 纯种母马.  2 vigorous and hearty 血气方刚的; 精神饱满的: a ,full-blooded and,passionate `person 既精神又热情的人 * (fig 比喻) a,full-blooded `argument 激烈的争论.adj (esp of flowers) fully developed; quite open （尤指鲜花）盛开的, 怒放的: ,full-blown `roses 盛开的玫瑰.adj rich in quality, tone, etc 质地纯正的; 醇厚的; 浓烈的; 声调宏亮的; 雄浑的: a ,full-bodied red `wine 醇厚的红葡萄酒.adj (a) (of a picture, mirror, etc) showing the whole (human) figure （指照片、镜子等）照出（人的）全身的. (b) not shortened; of the expected length 未缩短的; 未删节的; 全长的; 照原有长度的: a,full-length `novel 足本的小说 * a ,full-length `skirt, ie one that reaches the ankles 全长裙（长及踝的）.adj not reduced in size; the same size as the object itself; complete 原尺寸的; 与原物同样大小的; 实比的; 完全的; 全面的: a ,full-scale `drawing, `plan, `design, etc 与原物同样大小的图画、全面的计画、实比的图样 * (fig 比喻) a ,full-scale reorgani`zation of the department 部门的全面大改组.adj for or during the whole of the working day or week 全（工作）日制的; 全（工作）周的: a,full-time `job 一份全日制的工作.  adv on a full-time basis 全日制地; 全周地: ,work full-`time 全日制工作. Cf 参看 part-time (part1)./ˈfʊlə(r); `fᴜlɚ/ n person who cleans and thickens freshly woven cloth 漂洗工.type of clay used for this process 漂白土; 漂土.n [U]  1 completeness; being full(4b) 完整; 完全; 全部.  2 (idm 习语) in the fullness of time at the appropriate or right time; eventually 在适当的时候; 时机成熟时; 终于: In the fullness of time they married and had children. 他们到时候就结了婚, 生了孩子.adv  1 completely; entirely 完全地; 全部地; 全面地; 十分地: fully satisfied 十分满意 * She was fully dressed in five minutes. 她用五分钟就已穿戴整齐了. * I was fully expecting to lose my job, so this promotion has come as a complete surprise. 我原先满以为会失业, 所以这次晋升完全出乎意料.  2 at least; the whole of 至少; 整整: The journey will take fully two hours. 此行至少要用两小时.  3 (idm 习语) fully stretched made to work, etc at the limits of one's capacities or talents 竭尽所能; 全力以赴. ,fully-`fashioned adj (of women's clothing) designed to fit the body closely （指女装）设计得完全合身的. ,fully-`fledged adj  1 (of a young bird) having grown all its feathers （指幼鸟）羽毛丰满的.  2 (fig 比喻) mature and well established 成熟的; 巩固的: Computer science is now a fully-fledged academic subject. 计算机科学目前已是一门成熟的学科./ˈfʌlmɪneɪt; <i>US</i> ˈfʊl-; `fᴜlməˌnet/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) protest strongly and loudly 强烈抗议; 叱责./ˌfʌlmɪˈneɪʃn; <i>US</i> ˌfʊl-; ˌfᴜlmə`neʃən/ n (a) [U] fulminating 强烈抗议; 叱责. (b) [C] instance of this; bitter protest or criticism 强烈的抗议; 叱责; 激烈的反抗; 严厉的批评./ˈfʊlsəm; `fᴜlsəm/ adj excessive and insincere 过分而虚伪的: fulsome words, compliments, etc 溢美之词、恭维等 * be fulsome in one's praise 假意称赞. adv. n [U]./ˈfʌmbl; `fʌmbl/ v  1 [I, Tn] touch or handle (sth) awkwardly or nervously （笨拙地或紧张地）摸索或处理（某事物）: He fumbled the ball and then dropped it. 他笨手笨脚地漏接了球.  2 [Ipr] ~ at/for/with sth use the hands awkwardly in doing sth or in search of sth 笨手笨脚地做某事或寻找某物: fumble in one's pocket for some coins 笨手笨脚地在口袋里摸索几枚硬币 * She fumbled with her notes and began to speak. 她手忙脚乱地翻找讲稿, 然後开始讲话. * fumble for the light switch 摸索电灯开关 * (fig 比喻) fumble for the right thing to say 笨嘴拙舌地寻找恰当的话题.  3 [Ip] ~ about/around move about clumsily in doing sth or in search of sth 笨拙地四处乱走（做某事或寻找某物）: fumbling around in the dark 在黑暗中瞎撞.

n [sing] act of fumbling 摸索; 笨拙的处理./fjuːm; fjum/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) smoke, gas or vapour that smells strongly （气味强烈的）烟, 气, 汽: petrol fumes 强烈的汽油味 * The air was thick with cigar fumes. 空气里弥漫着雪茄的烟.

v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) be very angry; show this anger 愤怒; 大怒; 发怒; 发火: fume at the delay 因耽搁而发怒 * By the time we arrived an hour late she was fuming (with rage). 我们晚到了一小时, 她正气得七窍生烟.  2 [I] emit or give off fumes 冒烟; 冒气: The smouldering wreck fumed for days. 燃烧的残骸冒了好几天的烟.  3 [Tn] treat (esp wood) with chemical fumes to darken it 用（化学药品的）烟雾处理（尤指木材）（使其颜色变深）; 熏: fumed oak 熏栎木./ˈfjuːmɪgeɪt; `fjuməˌˇet/ v [Tn] destroy infectious germs, insects, etc in (sth) with the fumes of certain chemicals 用烟熏（某物）消毒: The hospital wards were fumigated after the outbreak of typhus. 发现斑疹伤寒以後, 医院的病房进行了烟熏消毒. /ˌfjuːmɪˈgeɪʃn; ˌfjumə`ˇeʃən/ n [U]./fʌn; fʌn/ n [U]  1 enjoyment; pleasure 享乐; 快乐; 娱乐; 乐趣: We had lots of fun at the fair today. 我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴. * It took all the fun out of the occasion when we heard that you were ill. 我们一听说你病了, 欢乐的气氛一扫而光. * What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了. * Have fun! ie Enjoy yourself! 尽情玩儿吧!  2 source of this 有趣的事; 开心的事: Sailing is (good/great) fun. 帆船运动是一大乐趣. * It's not much fun going to a party alone. 独自一人去参加聚会没什么意思.  3 playfulness; good humour 滑稽; 幽默: She's very lively and full of fun. 她很活泼又很幽默.  4 [attrib 作定语] (esp US) amusing; providing pleasure 有趣; 逗笑: a fun hat 可笑的帽子.  5 (idm 习语) (just) for `fun/for the `fun of it; (just) in `fun for amusement; not seriously; as a joke 取乐; 非认真地; 当笑话: I'm learning to cook, just for the fun of it. 我正在学做饭, 做着玩儿而已. * He only said it in fun  he didn't really mean it. 他只是说着玩儿--并非真是那个意思. fun and `games (infml 口) light-hearted and playful activities 玩耍; 嬉戏: That's enough fun and games! Let's get down to work. 别再玩儿了! 咱们安下心来工作吧. make fun of sb/sth (cause people to) laugh at sb/sth, usu unkindly; ridicule sb/sth （使人）因某人[某事物]发笑（通常含恶意）; 嘲笑某人[某事物]: It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer. 嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情. poke fun at sb/sth => poke1.n collection of outdoor amusements, stalls and side shows, usu in a park 游乐场（露天的娱乐活动、摊位游戏、杂耍表演等, 通常于公园中）./ˈfʌŋkʃn; `fʌŋkʃən/ n  1 special activity or purpose of a person or thing 作用; 功能; 机能; 职能; 职责: to fulfil a useful function 起到有益的作用 * The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 心脏的功能是把血液输往全身. * It is not the function of this committee to deal with dismissals. 处理解雇问题不是本委员会的职责.  2 important social event or official ceremony 重大的社交聚会; 典礼; 宴会: Heads of state attend numerous functions every year. 国家首脑每年要出席很多重大宴会.  3 (mathematics 数) quantity whose value depends on the varying values of others 函数: X is a function of Y. X是Y的函数.  4 any of the basic operations of a computer （计算机的任何基本的）功能: What functions can this program perform? 这一程序有哪些功能?

v  1 [I] work; operate 起作用; 运转: His brain seems to be functioning normally. 他的大脑看来功能正常. * This machine has stopped functioning, ie is out of order. 这机器坏了.  2 [Ipr] ~ as sth work as sth; operate or perform the function(1) of the thing specified 起某物的作用; 具有某物的功能; 起到所述事物的作用: The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床. * Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可作形容词用.(computing 计) key that causes an operation or sequence of operations to be performed 功能键; 操作键: a special function key that displays the help menu 显示求助项目单的特殊功能键./-ʃənl; -ʃənl/ adj  1 of or having a function(1) or functions 功能的; 机能的; 职务上的; 有作用的; 有功能的: a functional duty, title, office 职责、职称、职能 * a functional disorder, ie illness caused when an organ of the body fails to perform its function 机能紊乱.  2 practical and useful; not decorative 实用的; 非装饰性的: functional furniture, clothing, architecture 实用的家具、衣服、建筑.  3 [pred 作表语] working; able to work 起作用; 运转; 能起作用; 能运转: Is this machine functional? 这机器能用吗? * I'm hardly functional if I don't get eight hours' sleep! 我要是不睡上八个小时就无法工作! /ˈfʌŋkʃənəlɪzəm; `fʌŋkʃənlˌɪzəm/ n [U] principle in architecture, design, etc that the purpose and use of an object should determine its shape and construction 功能主义, 实用建筑主义（主张建筑物的形式和结构应取决于其用途）./-ʃənəlɪst; -ʃənlɪst/ n, adj (believer in the principle) of functionalism 功能主义的; 功能主义者./-ʃənəlɪ; -ʃənəlɪ/ adv./ˈfʌŋkʃənərɪ; <i>US</i> -nerɪ; `fʌŋkʃənˌɛrɪ/ n (often derog 常作贬义) person with official duties 公务员; 官员: a minor functionary 小官./fʌnd; fʌnd/ n  1 [C] sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose 专款; 基金: a disaster/relief fund 赈灾[救济]款 * the church restoration fund 教堂修缮基金.  2 [sing] stock or supply of sth 某事物的储备或蕴藏: a fund of jokes, knowledge, experience, etc 大量的笑话、知识、经验等.  3 funds [pl] financial resources; money 资金; 现款: government funds 政府的资金 * I'm short of funds so I'll pay you next week. 我手头缺钱, 下星期再付给你吧.  4 (idm 习语) in funds having money to spend 有钱花.

v [Tn]  1 provide (an institution, a project, etc) with money （为机构、项目等）拨款: The government is funding another unemployment scheme. 政府正为处理失业问题的另一计画拨款.  2 make (a debt) long-term at a fixed rate of interest  将（短期借款）转为有固定利息的长期借款./ˌfʌndəˈmentl; ˌfʌndə`mɛntl/ adj  1 (a) of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essential 基本的; 基础的; 构成基础的; 根本的: There are fundamentaldifferences between your religious beliefs and mine. 你我的宗教信仰根本不同. (b) serving as a starting-point; basic 作为起点的; 基本的: the fundamental rules of mathematics 数学的基本法则.  2 most important; central or primary 十分重要的; 主要的; 首要的: His fundamental concern was for her welfare. 他最关心的是她的幸福. * The fundamental question is a political one. 首要的问题是政治问题.  3 ~ (to sth) essential or necessary 根本的; 必要的: Hard work is fundamental to success. 必须苦干才能成功.

n (usu pl 通常作复数) basic rule or principle; essential part 基本规则; 基本原则; 基本原理; 基本部分: the fundamentals of religion, philosophy, art, etc 宗教、哲学、艺术等的基本原理./ˌfʌndəˈmentəlɪzəm; ˌfʌndə`mɛntl-ˌɪzəm/ n [U] (in Christian thought) belief that the Bible is literally true and should form the basis of religious thought or practice （基督教学说）原教旨主义, 基要主义（认为《圣经》的经文翔实无误, 应构成宗教的理论或实践的基础）./-ɪst; -ɪst/ n supporter of fundamentalism 原教旨主义者; 基要主义者: [attrib 作定语] fundamentalist ideas 原教旨主义思想./-təlɪ; -tlɪ/ adv basically 基本地; 基础地; 根本地: Her ideas are fundamentally sound, even if she says silly things sometimes. 即使她有时说些傻话, 她的想法基本上是好的./ˈfjuːnərəl; `fjunərəl/ n  1 (usu religious) ceremony of burying or burning dead people （通常为宗教的）葬礼, 出殡: When is his funeral? 他的葬礼何时举行? * [attrib 作定语] funeral rites 葬礼 * a funeral procession 送葬的行列 * a funeral march, ie a sad and solemn piece of music suitable for funerals 送葬曲.  2 procession of people at a funeral 送葬人的行列.  3 (idm 习语) it's/that's my, etc funeral (infml 口) it's/that's my, etc particular and unpleasant responsibility 那是我自己的、某某人的...倒霉事: `You're going to fail your exams if you don't work hard.' `That's my funeral, not yours.' ｀你要不努力, 考试就不会及格.＇｀倒霉是我自己的事, 跟你没关系.＇(esp US) = undertaker.place where dead people are prepared for burial or cremation 殡仪馆./fjuːˈnɪərɪəl; fju`nɪrɪəl/ adj suitable for a funeral; gloomy; dismal 适于葬礼的; 忧郁的; 凄凉的; 阴沉的: a funereal expression, atmosphere 忧郁的表情、凄凉的气氛./ˈfʌndʒɪsaɪd; `fʌndʒəˌsaɪd/ n [C, U] substance that kills fungus 杀真菌剂./ˈfʌŋgɔɪd; `fʌŋˇɔɪd/ adj of or like a fungus （似）真菌的: fungoid growths 真菌样生长物./ˈfʌŋgəs; `fʌŋˇəs/ adj of, like or caused by fungus （似）真菌的; 由真菌引起的: fungous diseases 由真菌引起的疾病./ˈfʌŋgəs; `fʌŋˇəs/ n (pl -gi / -gaI, also -dVaI; -^aI,-dVaI/ or  ~es / -gEsIz; -^EsIz/)  1 (a) [C] any of varioustypes of plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring-matter, growing on other plants or decaying matter 真菌; 蕈: Mildew and mushrooms are fungi. 霉和蘑菇都是真菌. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] such plants as a group 真菌类植物丛: The lawn was covered with fungus. 草地上到处都是蘑菇.  2 [U] types of fungus harmful to plants, etc 对植物等有害的真菌: The roses have fungus. 玫瑰花长了真菌. * [attrib 作定语] a fungus infection 真菌感染./fjuːˈnɪkjʊlə(r); fju`nɪkjəlɚ/ n (also funicular railway) railway on a steep slope, with some cars being pulled up by a cable at the same time as others are lowered by it 缆索铁道./fʌŋk; fʌŋk/ n (infml 口)  1 [sing] (also blue funk) (state of) fear or anxiety 恐惧; 忧虑: She was in a funk about changing jobs. 她害怕变换工作.  2 [C] (derog 贬) coward 胆怯的人; 胆小鬼.

v [Tn, Tg] avoid (sth/doing sth) because of fear （因恐惧）避开（某事物[做某事]）: He funked telling her he had lost his job. 他不敢告诉她自己已经失业了./fʌŋkɪ; `fʌŋkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (sl 俚) (of music, esp jazz) having a characteristic rhythm and expressiveness, like early blues music （指音乐, 尤指爵士乐）有独特节奏和表现力的（像早期布鲁斯乐曲）.  2 (infml approv 口, 褒) very modern; fashionable 新式的; 新型的; 时髦的: a funky car, party, hairstyle 新型汽车、新式聚会、时髦发型./ˈfʌnl; `fʌnl/ n  1 tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids, powders, etc into a small opening 漏斗: I need a funnel to pour petrol into the tank. 我需要一个漏斗把汽油灌进油箱. =>illus at filter 见filter插图.  2 metal chimney on a steam-engine, ship, etc, through which smoke escapes （蒸汽机、轮船等的）烟囱.

v (-ll-; US -l-) [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move through a funnel or a narrow space （使某物）通过漏斗或狭窄的空间: funnel petrol into a can 用漏斗把汽油注入罐中 * The water funnelled through the gorge and out onto the plain. 水穿过峡谷流到平原./-ɪlɪ; -ɪlɪ/ adv in a strange or odd way 奇怪地; 古怪的 (expressing surprise at a coincidence, etc 表示对巧合等的惊奇): Funnily enough (ie It so happened that) I met her just yesterday. 再没那么巧的了, 我昨天正碰见她.n [U]./ˈfʌnɪ; `fʌnɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 causing amusement, laughter, etc 有趣的; 可笑的: funny stories 好笑的故事 * a funny man 风趣的人 * That's the funniest thing I've ever heard. 那是我听说过的最可笑的事.  2 difficult to explain or understand; strange 难以解释的; 难以理解的; 奇怪的: A funny thing happened to me today. 今天我遇见个莫名其妙的事. * That's funny  he was here a moment ago and now he's gone. 真是怪事--他刚才还在这里, 转眼就走了. * The engine's making a very funny noise. 这发动机有一种很怪的声音.  3 (infml 口) (a) slightly unwell 稍感不适的; 稍不舒服的: I feel a bit funny today  I don't think I'll go to work. 我今天有点儿不舒服--不想上班去了. * That drink has made me feel quite funny. 我喝了那种饮料很不好受. (b) slightly insane; eccentric 轻度疯癫的; 古怪的: a funny old lady 古怪的女人 * She went a bit funny after her husband died. 她自丈夫死後就变得疯疯癫癫的.  4 (idm 习语) `funny business (infml 口) sth that is illegal, suspicious or not approved of 非法的、可疑的或不认可的事物: I want none of your funny business. 我可不干那种非法的事. funny ha-`ha (infml 口) = funny 1. funny pe`culiar (infml 口) = funny 2: `He's a funny chap.' `Do you mean funny ha-ha or funny peculiar?' ｀他这家伙很有意思.＇｀你指的是有趣还是古怪?＇n part of the elbow which has a very sensitive nerve, and which tingles unpleasantly when it is knocked 麻筋儿（肘端神经极敏感处, 碰撞时产生酥麻感）./fɜː(r); fɝ/ n [U]  1 soft thick hair covering the bodies of certain animals （某些动物的）浓密的软毛: The puppies haven't got much fur yet. 小狗还没长出多少毛.  2 [U, C] animal skin(s) with fur on, esp as used for making clothes, etc 动物的毛皮（尤指做服装等用的）: a coat made of fur 毛皮大衣 * fine fox furs 上等狐皮 * [attrib 作定语] a fur coat 毛皮大衣.  3 [C] garment made of fur 毛皮制成的衣服: He gave her an expensive fur for her birthday. 他送给她一件昂贵的毛皮衣服作生 日礼物.  4 [U] fabric made to look and feel like fur 外观和手感都像毛皮的织物.  5 [U] coating on a person's tongue during illness 舌苔.  6 [U] (Brit) (US scale) grey crusty coating that forms on the inside of a kettle, pipes, etc from water that contains lime 水锈; 水垢.  7 (idm 习语) make the fur/sparks fly => fly2.

v (-rr-) [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become covered with fur(5,6) 使（某物）生苔、生水锈: a furred tongue/kettle 长了苔的舌[生了水锈的壶].

abbr 缩写 = furlong(s)./ˈfɜːbɪləʊ; `fɝblˌo/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) showy or unnecessary ornament (on a dress, etc) （连衣裙等的）花哨的或多余的装饰: frills and furbelows 褶边和花哨的装饰./ˈfɜːbɪʃ; `fɝbɪʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) polish, clean or renovate (esp sth that has not been used for a long time) 擦亮, 打扫, 整修（尤指很久没用的物品）: furbish up an antique sword 擦亮一把古剑./ˈfjʊərɪəs; `fjᴜrɪəs/ adj  1 ~ (with sb)/(at sth) full of violent anger 满腔愤怒的; 大发雷霆的: She was absolutely furious (at his behaviour). 她（对他的行为）大发雷霆.  2 violent; intense; unrestrained 猛烈的; 强烈的; 激烈的; 极度的: a furious struggle, storm, debate 激烈的斗争、猛烈的暴风雨、激烈的辩论 * She drove off at a furious speed. 她以飞快的速度开车走了.  3 (idm 习语) fast and furious => fast1. adv./fɜːl; fɝl/ v  1 [Tn] roll up and fasten (a sail, a flag, an umbrella, etc) 卷紧, 收拢（帆、旗子、伞等）.  2 [I] become furled 变成卷紧的或收拢的: This fan doesn't furl neatly. 这把扇子摺不上了./ˈfɜːlɒŋ; <i>US</i> -lɔːŋ; `fɝlɔŋ/ n distance of 220 yards or 201 metres; one eighth of a mile 弗隆, 浪（长度单位, 相当于220码、201米或1/8英里）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈfɜːləʊ; `fɝlo/ n [C, U] (permission for) absence from duty, esp that granted to civil servants, soldiers, etc working abroad 休假（许可）（尤指给予在国外工作的官员、士兵等的）: six months' furlough 6个月的假期 * going home on furlough 休假回国./ˈfɜːnɪs; `fɝnɪs/ n  1 enclosed fireplace for heating the water used to warm a building by means of pipes 暖气锅炉.  2 enclosed space or chamber for heating metal, glass, etc to a very high temperature 熔炉: It's like a furnace in here  can we open a window? 这里热得像个火炉--咱们打开窗户好吗?/ˈfɜːnɪʃ; `fɝnɪʃ/ v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) provide sth with furniture; put furniture in (a place) 为某物提供家具; 用家具布置（某地方）: furnish a house, a room, an office, etc 用家具布置房子、房间、办公室等 * a furnished flat, ie one rented complete with its furniture 连同家具一起出租的公寓 * The room was furnished with antiques. 房间里摆着古董.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sth; ~ sth (to sb/sth) supply or provide sb/sth with sth 为某人[某物]提供某事物: furnish a village with supplies/furnish supplies to a village 供应某村庄生活用品 * furnish all the equipment for a major expedition 为一大探险队提供全部装备 * This scandal will furnish the town with plenty of gossip. 这件丑事要在镇上惹出很多闲话.n [pl] furniture, equipment, fittings, etc in a room or house （房屋里的）家具与陈设等./ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r); `fɝnɪtʃɚ/ n [U] movable articles, eg tables, chairs, beds, etc put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in 家具. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi./fjʊˈrɔːrɪ; `fjᴜrɔr/ (US furor / 5fju:rR:r; `fjJrRr/) n [sing] general uproar of admiration or anger 轰动; 骚动: His last novel created a furore among the critics. 他的最近一部小说在评论家中引起了轰动./ˈfʌrɪə(r); `fʌrɪɚ/ n person who prepares or sells fur or fur clothing 毛皮加工者; 皮货商./ˈfʌrəʊ; `fʌro/ n  1 long narrow trench cut in the earth, esp by a plough 　沟; 垄沟: furrows ready for planting 为播种而　好的沟. Cf 参看 ridge 1, =>illus at plough 见plough插图.  2 groove resembling this, eg a deep wrinkle in the skin 类似的沟（如皮肤上的皱纹）: Deep furrows lined his brow. 深深的皱纹布上他的额头.  3 (idm 习语) plough a lonely furrow => plough v.

v [Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] make furrows in (sth) 犁; 使（某物）起皱纹: newly furrowed fields 刚犁过的田地 * a forehead furrowed by old age and anxiety 因年老和忧虑而起了皱纹的前额./ˈfɜːrɪ; `fɝɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of or like fur （似）毛皮的.  2 covered with fur 毛皮覆盖的; 生苔的; 生水锈的: a furry toy 毛茸茸的玩具.

=> fur./ˈfɜːðə(r); `fɝðɚ/ adj  1 more distant in space, direction or time; farther （空间、距离或时间上）更远的, 较远的: The hospital is further down the road. 医院在这条路上, 再往前走就到了.  2 additional; more 附加的; 更多的: further volumes 後续各卷 * Have you any further questions? 你还有问题吗? * There is nothing further to be said. 没有再多说的了. * The museum isclosed until further notice, ie until another announcement about it is made. 博物馆现正闭馆, 开馆时间另行通知.

adv  1 at or to a greater distance in space or time; more remote; farther （在时间或空间上）距离更大地, 更远地: It's not safe to go any further. 再往远走就不安全了. * Africa is further from England than France. 非洲距离英国比距离法国远. * Think further back into your childhood. 想想你更小的时候, 回忆一下你的童年.  2 in addition; also 此外; 而且: Further, it has come to my attention... 此外, 我已注意到...  3 to a greater degree or extent 进一步地: I must enquire further into this matter. 我要进一步调查此事. * I can offer you 50, but I can't go any further than that. 我可以付给你50英镑, 不能再多了.  4 (idm 习语) far/farther/further afield => afield. =>Usage at farther 用法见farther.

v [Tn] help the progress or development of (sth); promote 促进或推动（某事）; 增进: further sb's interests 提高某人的兴趣 * further the cause of peace 推动和平事业.formal (but not university) education provided for people older than school age 继续教育（为超过中学学龄的人所设的正规教育, 但并非大学）./ˈfɜːðərəns; `fɝðɚəns/ n [U] advancement of sb's interests, a cause, etc 某人兴趣的提高、某事业的促进等./ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r); `fɝðɚˌmɔr/ adv in addition; moreover 此外; 再者; 而且./-məʊst; -ˌmost/ adj most distant in space or time; furthest (further 1) （在空间或时间上）相隔最远的./ˈfɜːðɪst; `fɝðɪst/ adj, adv = farthest./ˈfɜːtɪv; `fɝtɪv/ adj (a) done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed 偷偷摸摸的; 鬼鬼祟祟的: a furtive glance 偷偷的一瞥 * furtive movements 诡秘的活动. (b) (of a person or his behaviour) sly or secretive, suggesting that one is guilty of sth or does not want to be noticed （指人或行为）躲躲闪闪的; 遮遮掩掩的. adv. n [U]./ˈfjʊərɪ; `fjᴜrɪ/ n  1 [U] wild and violent anger 狂怒; 暴怒: speechless with fury 气得说不出话来.  2 [C] state or condition of extreme emotion, esp anger or excitement 愤怒; 激动: He was in one of his uncontrollable furies. 他怒不可遏. * She flew into a fury when I wouldn't lend her any money. 我不借给她钱, 她顿时勃然大怒.  3 [U] strength or violence of activity, weather, etc （活动、天气等的）激烈, 猛烈: The fury of the storm abated. 暴风雨的威力已经减弱.  4 [C] fiercely angry person, esp a woman or girl 狂怒的人（尤指女子）; 泼妇.  5 the Furies [pl] (in Greek mythology) goddesses with snakes instead of hair, sent from the underworld to punish crime （希腊神话中）复仇女神.  6 (idm 习语) like fury (infml 口) with great effort, speed, concentration, etc 努力; 飞快; 全神贯注: He ran like fury to catch the bus. 他拚命奔跑去追赶公共汽车./fɜːz; fɝz/ n [U] = gorse./fjuːz; fjuz/ n  1 piece of easily burnt material (eg rope, paper) along which a spark moves to ignite a firework, bomb, etc so that it explodes 导火线; 导火索.  2 (US also fuze/ fju:z; fjuz/) device that makes a bomb, shell, etc explode either on impact or at a particular time 引信; 信管; 雷管: The bomb had been set with a four-hour fuse. 炸弹上装了一个四小时起爆的引信.  3 (idm 习语) on a short fuse => short1.

/fjuːz; fjuz/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]  1 (cause sth to) become liquid by means of heat （加热使某物）变成液体; 熔化; 熔融: fuse metals (into a solid mass) 使金属熔化（成为硬块）.  2 join (sth) or become joined by means of heat （加热）连接某物; 熔合: fuse two pieces of wire together 熔合两根金属丝 * (fig 比喻) The two companies are fused by their common interests. 两公司因有共同利益而结合在一起.

/fjuːz; fjuz/ n (in an electric circuit) short piece of wire that melts and breaks the circuit if the current exceeds a safe level 保险丝: It looks as though you've blown a fuse, ie caused it to melt. 看样子你把保险丝烧断了.

v  1 [I, Tn] (of an electric circuit) stop or cause to stop working because a fuse melts （指电路）因保险丝烧断而断电: The lights have all fused. 保险丝断了, 灯都灭了. * I've fused all the lights. 我把保险丝烧断了, 电灯全都灭了.  2 [Tn] put a fuse in (a circuit or an appliance) （在电路或电器上）安装保险丝.wire used in electrical fuses 作保险丝用的金属丝.n small cupboard or box containing the fuses of an electrical system 保险丝盒./ˈfjuːzəlɑːʒ; <i>US</i> ˈfjuːsəlɑːʒ; `fjuzlˌɑʒ/ n body of an aeroplane, ie the part to which the engine(s), wings and tail are fitted （飞机的）机身. =>illus at aircraft 见 aircraft 插图./ˈfjuːzəbl; `fjuzəbl/ adj that can be melted or joined together 可熔化的; 可熔合的./ˌfjuːzəˈlɪə(r); ˌfjuzl`ɪr/ n  1 [C] (formerly) soldier armed with a light gun called a musket （旧时）配备轻滑膛枪的士兵.  2 (a) (also esp US fusileer) [C] soldier in certain infantry regiments 某些步兵团的士兵. (b) Fusiliers [pl] any of several infantry regiments formerly armed with light muskets 旧时以轻滑膛枪装备的步兵团: the Royal Welsh Fusiliers 皇家威尔士步兵团./ˌfjuːzəˈleɪd; <i>US</i> -sə-; ˌfjusl`ed/ n  1 continuous or simultaneous shooting of guns （枪炮的）连发, 齐射.  2 (fig 比喻) great outburst of questions, criticism, etc 连珠炮似的质问、批评等./ˈfjuːʒn; `fjuʒən/ n [C, U]  1 the blending or uniting of different things into one, by melting, etc 熔合; 融合: the fusion of copper and zinc to produce brass 将铜和锌熔合以制造黄铜 * (fig 比喻) a fusion of ideas 不同思想的混合体.  2 union of atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, usu with energy being released 聚变: nuclear fusion 核聚变./fʌs; fʌs/ n  1 (a) [U] (esp unnecessary) nervous excitement or activity （尤指不必要的）神经质的激动或活动: Stop all this fuss and get on with your work. 别大惊小怪的闹了, 继续干你的活儿去吧. (b) [sing] display of excitement, worry, etc, esp over sth unimportant 无谓的激动、烦恼等: Don't get into a fuss about nothing. 别没事找事, 自寻烦恼.  2 [sing] angry scene 发怒的场面: There will be a real fuss if you're caught stealing. 你要是偷东西让人逮着, 那可真够你受的.  3 (idm 习语) make, kick up, etc a fuss (about/over sth) complain strongly 强烈地不满: She's kicking up an awful fuss about the high rent. 她大喊大叫地抱怨房租太高. make a fuss of/over sb/sth pay particular and often excessive attention to sb/sth 对某人[某事物]过于注意: Don't make so much fuss over the children. 不要对孩子照顾得太过分. * A lot of fuss was made of the play, but it wasn't a success. 对那出戏不厌其烦地精心计画, 到头来却并不成功.

v  1 [I, Ip] ~ (about) be worried or excited, esp over small things 烦恼, 激动（尤指对小事）: Stop fussing and eat your food! 别大惊小怪的, 吃你的东西吧! * If you keep fussing about, we're sure to be late. 你要是总瞎忙个没完, 我们非迟到不可.  2 [Tn] annoy or disturb (sb) 扰乱, 打搅（某人）: Don't fuss me while I'm driving. 我开车时别打搅我.  3 [Ipr] ~ over sb pay excessive attention to sb ...过于注意某人: He's always fussing over his grandchildren. 他对孙儿们过于操心.  4 (idm 习语) not be fussed (about sb/sth) (infml 口) not care very much 不太关心; 不太注意; 不太在意: `Where do you want to go for lunch?' `I'm not fussed.' ｀你想到哪儿去吃午饭?＇｀无所谓.＇adv. n [U].n (infml 口) very fussy(1,2) person 非常挑剔的人./ˈfʌsɪ; `fʌsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义)  1 nervously active or excited about small things （对小事）神经过敏的, 紧张不安的: fussy parents 过分操心的父母 * a fussy manner 紧张不安的举止.  2 ~ (about sth) giving too much close attention to detail, etc and therefore difficult to please 挑剔的: Our teacher is very fussy about punctuation. 我们的老师对标点符号非常重视. * Don't be so fussy (about your food). 你别那么挑食.  3 (of clothes, design, etc) too full of detail or decoration （指服装、设计图样等）零碎儿太多的, 装饰太多的: a fussy pattern 过分装饰的式样. /ˈfʌstɪən; <i>US</i> -tʃən; `fʌstʃən/ n [U]  1 thick strong coarse cotton cloth 厚而结实的粗棉布; 粗斜纹布: a jacket (made) of fustian 粗斜纹布（制成）的甲克 * [attrib 作定语] a fustian jacket 粗斜纹布甲克.  2 (dated derog 旧, 贬) talk that sounds impressive but is in fact empty and worthless; bombast 空洞无物的吹嘘; 夸夸其谈.n [U]./ˈfʌstɪ; `fʌstɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬)  1 smelling old, stale or damp 腐臭的; 有霉湿味的: a fusty room 有潮湿味儿的房间 * This blanket smells a bit fusty. 这毯子有点儿发霉的味儿.  2 old-fashioned; not up-to-date 老式的; 不合潮流的: a fusty old professor, ie one who has learned much from books, etc but does not know about modern ideas 思想陈腐的老教授. /ˈfjuːtaɪl; <i>US</i> -tl; `fjutl/ adj producing no result; useless; pointless 无效的; 无用的; 无意义的: a futile attempt/exercise 无效的尝试[练习] * Their efforts to revive him were futile. 他们对他抢救无效. * What a futile (ie unnecessarily silly) remark! 纯属废话!/fjuːˈtɪlətɪ; fju`tɪlətɪ/ n [U] uselessness; pointlessness 无效; 无用; 无益: the futility of war 战争的无谓./ˈfjʊːtʃərɪzəm; `fjutʃɚˌɪzəm/ n [U] movement in art and literature that abandoned tradition and sought to express the energy and growth of a modern mechanized life-style 未来主义, 未来派（主张打破传统的文艺运动, 追求表现现代机械化生活方式的力量与发展）.n, adj (supporter) of futurism 未来主义的; 未来主义者; 未来派的（文艺家）./ˌfjuːtʃəˈrɪstɪk; ˌfjutʃə`rɪstɪk/ adj  1 looking suitable for the future or extremely modern; not traditional 合于未来的; 极新潮的; 非传统的: futuristic design, furniture, housing 新潮的设计、家具、房屋等.  2 of or relating to futurism 未来主义的; 与未来主义有关的./fjuːˈtjʊərətɪ; <i>US</i> -ˈtʊər-; fju`tᴜrətɪ/ n (a) [U] future time; the future 将来; 未来: gazing into futurity 展望未来. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] future events 将来的事./fʌz; fʌz/ n [U]  1 mass of soft light particles; fluff 轻柔的物质; 绒毛: A peach skin is covered with fuzz. 桃上有一层细毛.  2 short fine hair that sticks up 竖起来的短细的毛发.

/fʌz; fʌz/ n [Gp] the fuzz (sl 俚) the police 警察.adv. n [U]./ˈfʌzɪ; `fʌzɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like fuzz; having a soft and fluffy texture 绒毛般的; 有柔软绒毛的织物; 毛茸茸的: a fuzzy teddy bear, blanket, sweater 毛茸茸的玩具熊、毯子、毛衣 * fuzzy (ie tightly curled) hair 有小卷的毛发.  2 blurred or indistinct, esp in shape or outline模糊的, 不清楚的（尤指形状或轮廓）: These photographs have come out all fuzzy. 这些照片照得都不清楚. abbr 缩写 = forward./dʒiː; dʒi/ n (pl G's, g's / dVi:z; dViz/)  1 the seventh letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第七个字母: `God' begins with (a) G/`G'. God一字以G字母开始.  2 G (music 音) the fifth note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第五音或音符.=> G

abbr 缩写 =  1 gram(s): 300g 300克.  2 / dVi:; dVi/ (acceleration due to) gravity: Spacecraft re-entering the earth's atmosphere are affected by g forces. 航天器重返大气层是由于重力的作用./ˈdʒiːstrɪŋ; `dʒiˌstrɪŋ/ n narrow piece of cloth (worn esp by female dancers) that covers the sexual organs and is held up by a string round the hips  G字带（遮挡阴部的窄布条, 用绳系于臀部, 尤指女舞蹈演员用的）./gæb; ˇæb/ n [U] (infml 口)  1 continuous, esp trivial, chatter （不断的）闲谈, 聊天（尤指琐事）: Stop your gab! 别闲聊了!  2 (idm 习语) the gift of the gab => gift.

v (-bb-) [I, Ip] ~ (on/away) (infml 口) chatter about unimportant things 闲谈; 聊天: They've been gabbing (away) on the phone for nearly an hour. 他们通过电话聊天已经快一小时了./ˈgæbədiːn, ˌgæbəˈdiːn; `ˇæbɚˌdin, ˌˇæbɚ`din/ n (a) [U] strong cloth woven in a twill pattern 华达呢, 轧别丁（一种结实的斜纹布）: [attrib 作定语] a gabardine coat 华达呢大衣. (b) [C] garment (esp a strong raincoat) made of this material 华达呢衣服; （尤指）华达呢雨衣./ˈgæbl; `ˇæbl/ v (a) [I, Ip] ~ (on/away) talk quickly and indistinctly 说话急促而含混不清: Take your time and don't gabble! 说话从容些, 不要快得叫人听不清! (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth too quickly to be clearly understood 说话急促使人听不明白.

n [U] fast unintelligible speech 急促而含糊的话: He speaks at such a gabble! 他说话叽哩咕噜的!/ˈgeɪbl; `ˇebl/ n triangular upper part of the side or end of a building, under a sloping roof 山墙; 三角墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii./ˈgeɪbld; `ˇebld/ adj having one or more gables 有山墙的: a gabled house/roof 有山墙的房子[屋顶]./gæd; ˇæd/ v (-dd-) (phr v) gad about/around (infml derog 口, 贬) go around from one place to another (usu in search of pleasure and excitement) 游荡（通常为寻欢作乐和寻求刺激）: While they gad about the world, their children are neglected at home. 他们在世界各地游荡, 孩子在家无人照看.n person who habitually gads about 惯于游荡的人./ˈgædflaɪ; `ˇædˌflaɪ/ n  1 fly that stings horses and cattle 虻; 牛虻.  2 (derog 贬) annoying person, esp one who provokes others into action by criticism, etc 惹人讨厌的人（尤指用批评等手段怂恿别人采取行动者）./ˈgædʒɪt; `ˇædʒɪt/ n small mechanical device or tool 小机械; 小器具: a complicated new gadget for opening tins 复杂的新开罐器. =>Usage at machine 用法见 machine.n [U] gadgets collectively 小机械, 小器具（统称）: lots of modern gadgetry 很多现代化的小机械.n [U], adj  1/ 5geIlIk; `^elIk/ (language) of the Celtic people of Ireland （爱尔兰的）盖尔人的, 盖尔语.  2 / 5gAlIk, also 5geIlIk; `gAlIk, `^elIk/ (language) of the Celtic people of Scotland  （苏格兰的）盖尔人的, 盖尔语./gæf; ˇæf/ n stick with an iron hook for pulling large fish out of the water 鱼叉（将鱼拉出水者）.

v [Tn] seize (fish) with a gaff 用鱼叉叉（鱼）.

/gæf; ˇæf/ n (idm 习语) blow the gaff => blow1./gæf; ˇæf/ n social blunder; indiscreet act or remark 失礼; 失态; 失言: He didn't realize what a gaffe he'd made. 他没意识到自己已出乖露丑./ˈgæfə(r); `ˇæfɚ/ n (infml 口)  1 (joc or derog 谑或贬) old fellow 老头子: That (old) gaffer going into the pub is 90 years old. 走进酒店的那个老头子已经90岁了.  2 (Brit sl 俚) foreman (of a gang of workmen) 工头; 领班./gæg; ˇæˇ/ n  1 (a) thing, esp a piece of cloth, putin or over a person's mouth to prevent him from speaking or shouting 塞入口中或覆于口上的东西（尤指布）（使人不能说话或喊叫）. (b) thing placed in a patient's mouth by a dentist, doctor, etc to keep it open 张口器（牙医等用的）. (c) (fig 比喻) anything that restricts freedom of speech 限制言论自由的任何事物.  2 joke or funny story, esp as part of a comedian's act 笑话或滑稽故事; （尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨: a few rather feeble gags 几个没什么趣的笑话.

v (-gg-)  1 [Tn] (a) put a gag(1a) into or over the mouth of (sb); silence 塞住或捂住（某人）的嘴; 使缄默. (b) (fig 比喻) deprive (sb/sth) of free speech 剥夺（某人[某事物]）的言论自由: The new censorship laws are an attempt to gag the press. 新的新闻审查法目的在于剥夺新闻界的言论自由.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) choke or retch 窒息; 作呕: gagging on a piece of raw fish 因吃一块生鱼而作呕.  3 [I] make jokes 插科打诨./ˈgɑːgɑː; `ˇɑˇɑ/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) senile; slightly crazy 老朽; 疯疯癫癫: He has gone quite gaga. 他有点儿老糊涂了.(US) = gauge./ˈgægl; `ˇæˇl/ n  1 flock (of geese) （鹅）群.  2 (fig 比喻) group of noisy or talkative people 一群（喧哗或多话的人）: a gaggle of tourists, school children, etc 一群喧闹的游客, 小学生等./ˈgeɪətɪ; `ˇeətɪ/ n [U] merriment; cheerfulness; being gay(2) 快乐; 欢乐; 愉快: The colourful flags added to the gaiety of the occasion. 彩旗给这次盛会增添了欢乐的气氛. Cf 参看 gayness (gay).=> gay.

/ˈgeɪlɪ; `ˇelɪ/ adv: the gaily decorated buildings 装点得喜气洋洋的建筑物 * She gaily announced that she was leaving the next day, ie without having considered the trouble this would cause. 她轻率地宣布第二天就要走了（未考虑其後果）./geɪn; ˇen/ n  1 [U] increase in wealth; profit; advantage 财富的增加; 利润; 利益: One man's loss is another man's gain. 一人之失即是他人之得. * We hope for some gain from our investment. 我们希望投资有利可图.  2 [C] increase in amount or power; improvement 数量或力量的增加; 增进: a gain in weight of two pounds 体重增加两磅 * Heavy gains were recorded on the Stock Exchange today. 今日股票价格大幅上升.

/geɪn; ˇen/ v  1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~sth (for sb) obtain, win (esp sth wanted or needed) 获得, 赢得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）: gain possession 获得所有权 * gain access to secret information 得以接触机密资料 * gain sb's affections 赢得某人的喜爱 * I gained the impression that the matter had been settled. 我得到的印象是事情已经解决了. * His persistence gained him victory. 他因坚持不懈而获胜. (b) [Tn] get more of (esp sth wanted or needed) 得到更多（尤指想要的或所需的事物）; 增加: gain experience, power, strength, weight 增加经验、权势、力量、重量 * Our campaign is gaining momentum. 我们的运动在发展壮大. * The plane rapidly gained height. 飞机急速升高.  2 [Ipr] ~ by/from (doing) sth benefit, profit from sth/doing sth 从某事物中获益、得到好处: You can gain by watching how she works. 看她怎样工作就可获益.  3 [Tn] reach (sth) (usu with effort) 达到, 到达（通常需经努力）: After swimming for an hour, he finally gained the shore. 他游了一小时以後, 终于到达岸边.  4 [I, Tn] (of a watch or clock) go fast; become ahead of the correct time （指钟表）快: My watch gains (by) several minutes a day. 我的表一天快几分钟.  5 (idm 习语) carry/gain one's point => point1. gain credence => credence. gain `ground make progress; begin to succeed 进步; 进展: Your campaign is gaining ground. 你们的运动不断取得进展. gain/make up ground => ground1. gain/win sb's hand => hand1. gain/win one's laurels => laurel. gain time obtain extra time by making excuses, deliberately using slow methods, etc 拖延时间. gain, get, etc the upper hand => upper. nothing venture, nothing gain/win => venture. stand to `gain => stand.  6 (phr v) gain in sth obtain more of (a physical or an abstract quality) 更加; 增加: gain in beauty, height, strength, weight, etc 更加美丽、高、强、重等 * gain in confidence, influence, knowledge, understanding, etc 增加信心、影响、知识、谅解等. gain on sb/sth come closer to sb/sth, esp a rival or sth pursued 更接近某人[某事物]（尤指对手或所追逐的事物）; 赶上: gain on the leader in a race 在赛跑中赶上领先的人 * The Socialists are gaining on the Conservatives in the opinion polls. 民意测验显示社会党已逐渐赶上保守党./-fl; -fəl/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] profitable; bringing wealth 有利益的; 带来财富的: gainful employment 有报酬的工作. gainfully adv profitably; usefully 有利益地; 有用地./ˌgeɪnˈseɪ; ˌˇen`se/ v (pt, pp gainsaid/ -5sed;-`sZd/) [Tn] (arch 古) (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用于否定句或疑问句) contradict (sb/sth); deny (sth) 反驳（某人[某事物]）; 否认（某事物）: There's no gainsaying his honesty, ie We cannot deny that he is honest. 他为人诚实无可否认./geɪt; ˇet/ n [sing] manner of walking or running 步态; 步法: with an unsteady gait 脚步不稳./ˈgeɪtə(r); `ˇetɚ/ n covering of cloth, leather, etc for the leg from the ankle to below the knee （布、皮等的）绑腿: a pair of gaiters 一副绑腿./gæl; ˇæl/ n (dated infml 旧, 口) girl 姑娘./ˈgɑːlə; <i>US</i> ˈgeɪlə; `ˇelə/ n social, sporting or theatrical occasion with special features （社交、体育、戏剧等的）特别场合, 盛会: a swimming gala 游泳运动会 * [attrib 作定语] a gala dinner, night, performance 联欢宴会、晚会、演出会./gəˈlæktɪk; ˇə`læktɪk/ adj of a galaxy or the Galaxy 星系的; 银河系的./ˈgæləntiːn; `ˇælənˌtin/ n [U] white meat, boned, spiced, cooked in the form of a roll and served cold 肉卷（禽肉、小牛肉或猪肉等去骨加香料制成卷状, 冷食）./ˈgæləksɪ; `ˇæləksɪ/ n  1 [C] any of the large systems of stars in outer space 星系.  2 the Galaxy [sing] (also the Milky Way) the system of stars that contains our solar system, seen as a luminous band in the sky 银河系; 银河.  3 [C] (fig 比喻) group of brilliantly talented people 一群杰出的人: a galaxy of talent, beautiful women, film stars 一群才子、美女、电影明星./geɪl; ˇel/ n  1 very strong wind (force 8 on the Beaufort Scale); storm (at sea) 大风（蒲福风级的8级）; （海上的）风暴: It's blowing a gale outside. 外面刮着大风. * The ship lost its masts in the gale. 这船的桅杆都在风暴中刮掉了. * [attrib 作定语] a gale warning 大风警报 * gale-force winds 大风级的风.  2 (fig 比喻) noisy outburst 一阵喧闹: gales of laughter 阵阵笑声./gɔːl; ˇɔl/ n [U]  1 bitter liquid secreted by the liver; bile 胆汁.  2 (fig 比喻) bitter feeling; hatred or resentment 怨恨; 怨愤: words full of venom and gall 充满恶毒怨恨的话.  3 (infml fig 口, 比喻) impudence; impertinence 厚颜; 鲁莽: Of all the gall! ie What impudence! 脸皮真厚!

/gɔːl; ˇɔl/ n sore place on an animal, esp a horse, caused by rubbing (of a harness, etc) （动物的）伤痛处（尤指马具等磨擦造成的）.

v [Tn]  1 cause pain to (an animal, part of the body, etc) by rubbing; chafe 使（动物、身体某部等）擦痛, 擦伤.  2 annoy (sb); humiliate 烦扰（某人）; 侮辱: It galled him to have to ask for a loan. 他得向人借贷,觉得甚为苦恼. galling adj [usu pred 通常作表语] annoying; humiliating 烦恼; 羞辱: It was galling to have to apologize to a man she detested. 最为难堪的是她得向她讨厌的那个男的道歉.

/gɔːl; ˇɔl/ n unnatural growth on a tree produced by insects 虫瘿（树木受虫害而形成的畸形瘤状物）. Cf 参看 oak-apple (oak).

abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or galls 复数或不变或作 galls) gallon(s): petrol at 175p (ie pence) per gall 汽油每加仑175便士.n (anatomy 解) organ attached to the liver that stores and releases bile 胆囊. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图./ˈgælənt; `ˇælənt/ adj  1 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) brave 勇敢的; 英勇的: a gallant knight, soldier, etc 勇敢的骑士、战士等 * a gallant deed, effort, struggle 英勇的事迹、尝试、斗争.  2 fine; grand; stately 华丽的; 堂皇的; 壮丽的; 雄伟的: a gallant ship 豪华的船.  3 / also5gE5lnt; ^E`lAnt/ (of a man) giving special attention and respect to women （指男子）向女子献殷勤的.

/ˈgælənt, also gəˈlænt; `ˇælənt, ˇə`lænt/ n fashionable young man, esp one who is attentive to women 时髦的青年男子（尤指向女子献殷勤的）.adv./ˈgæləntrɪ; `ˇæləntrɪ/ n  1 [U] bravery 勇气; 勇敢; 英勇: a medal for gallantry 勇敢勋章.  2 [U, C] special attentiveness (of a man) to women （男子）对女子的殷勤: He won many hearts by his gallantry. 他以殷勤热情赢得芳心无数./ˈgælɪən; `ˇælɪən/ n large Spanish sailing-ship used from the 15th to the 17th century （用于15至17世纪的）西班牙大帆船./ˈgælərɪ; `ˇælərɪ/ n  1 [C] room or building for showing works of art 美术品陈列室或展览馆: a `picture-gallery 美术展览馆.  2 (a) [C] highest and cheapest seats in a theatre （戏院中票价最廉的）顶层楼座: Four tickets for the gallery, please. 请给我四张顶层楼座的票. (b) [Gp] people occupying these 顶层楼座的观众.  3 [C] raised covered platform or passage along an inner wall of a hall, church, etc （大厅、教堂等中沿内壁伸展的有檐的）廊台.  4 [C] covered walk or corridor partly open at one side; colonnade 走廊; 柱廊.  5 [C] long narrow room, esp one used for a particular purpose 狭长的房间（尤指有特殊用途的）: a `shooting-gallery 室内靶场.  6 [C] horizontal underground passage in a mine （矿坑中的）水平巷道. Cf 参看 shaft 7.  7 (idm 习语) play to the `gallery behave in an exaggerated way to attract the attention of onlookers 以大动作吸引旁观者./ˈgælɪ; `ˇælɪ/ n  1 (formerly) long flat ship, usu rowed by slaves or criminals; ancient Greek or Roman warship （旧时）平底大船（通常由奴隶或囚犯用浆划行的）; （古代希腊或罗马的）战舰.  2 kitchen in a ship or an aircraft （船上或航空器上的）厨房.  3 long tray used by printers for arranging type 长形活字盘.printed proof1(4a) on a long slip of paper before it is divided into pages 长条校样（尚未分成单页者）.n  1 person forced to row in a galley （古代希腊或罗马的）被迫划桨的人.  2 (fig 比喻) person made to work like a slave 像奴隶般做苦工的人./ˈgælɪk; `ˇælɪk/ adj (a) of Gaul or the Gauls 高卢的; 高卢的人. (b) of the French people and theircharacter 法国人及其性格的: Gallic charm, sophistication,wit, etc 法国人的魅力、世故、机智等./ˈgælɪsɪzəm; `ˇæləˌsɪzəm/ n French word or expression used in another language （用于他国语言中的）法语词语: `Deja vu' is a Gallicism often used in English. deja vu是英语中常用的法语词语./ˌgælɪˈvænt, ˈgælɪvænt; ˌˇælə`vænt, `ˇælə-ˌvænt/ v (phr v) gallivant about (infml derog 口, 贬) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用于进行时态) go about from one place to another (usu in search of pleasure) 游荡（通常为寻欢作乐）: They should spend less time gallivanting about and more with their children. 他们应少到各处游荡, 多用些时间照看子女./ˈgælən; `ˇælən/ n measure for liquids; four quarts (4.5 litres) 加仑（液量单位, 合4夸脱或4.5升）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈgæləp; `ˇæləp/ n  1 (a) [sing] fastest pace (of a horse, etc) with all four feet off the ground at each stride （马等的）飞跑, 奔驰: He rode off at a gallop. 他骑着马飞奔而去. * at full gallop （马）飞奔. Cf 参看 walk1 1d.(b) [C] period of riding at this pace 骑马奔驰: to go for a gallop 骑马奔驰一番.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) unusually fast speed 飞快: to work at a gallop 工作速度快.

v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a horse, etc or a rider) go at a gallop （指马等或骑者）飞奔, 奔驰: The frightened horse galloped away. 受惊的马飞奔而去. * I enjoy galloping over the fields. 我喜欢骑着马在田野奔驰. =>Usage at run1 用法见run1. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of a rider) cause (a horse, etc) to go at a gallop （指骑者）使（马等）飞奔, 奔驰: He galloped the horse along the track. 他沿着跑道骑马奔驰.  2 (phr v) gallop ahead (of sb) progress rapidly 飞速前进: Japan is galloping ahead in the race to develop new technologies. 日本在发展新技术的竞争中突飞猛进. gallop through sth complete sth rapidly 急速做完某事物: gallop through one's work, a lecture, a performance 快马加鞭做完工作、讲完课、结束表演./ˈgæləʊz; `ˇæloz/ (also the gallows) n (pl unchanged; usu sing with sing v 复数不变, 通常作单数,与单数动词连用) wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 绞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上绞架（处死）.jokes about unpleasant things like death, disease, etc 伤感的幽默（有关死亡、疾病等不快事的笑话）.n hard mass forming in the gall-bladder and sometimes causing pain 胆石. Cf 参看 stone 6./ˈgæləp pəʊl; `ˇæləp`pol/ assessment of public opinion by questioning a representative sample of people, esp in order to forecast voting at an election 盖洛普民意测验（尤指为预测大选的结果）./gəˈlɔː(r); ˇə`lɔr/ adv (usu approv 通常作褒义) (following ns 用于名词之後) in plenty 很多: to have books, food, friends, money galore 有很多书、食物、朋友、金钱./gəˈlɒʃɪz; ˇə`lɑʃɪz/ n [pl] rubber overshoes worn in wet weather （雨天用的）胶套鞋: a pair of galoshes 一双胶套鞋./gəˈlʌmf; ˇə`lʌmf/ v (phr v) ~ up, down, etc (infml joc 口, 谑) walk, run, etc noisily or clumsily 笨拙地走、跑等（或发出嘈声）: The children came galumphing into the house like a herd of elephants. 孩子们像一群大象一样乱哄哄地闯进房子里./gælˈvænɪk; ˇæl`vænɪk/ adj  1 producing an electric current by chemical action （由化学作用）产生电流的: a galvanic battery 原电池 * galvanic electricity 动电.  2 (fig 比喻) sudden, jerky and dramatic (as if produced by an electric shock) 突然的、痉挛的和剧烈的（似被电击般的）: a galvanic effect, movement, smile 突然而振奋的效果、动作、微笑.=> galvanization=> galvanize/ˌgælvənaɪˈzeɪʃən; <i>US</i> -nɪˈzeɪ-; ˌgælvənə`zeʃən/ n [U]./ˈgælvənaɪz; `ˇælvəˌnaɪz/ v  1 [Tn] coat (iron) with zinc to protect it from rust 用锌镀（铁）（防锈）: a galvanized bucket, nail, hinge, etc 镀锌的铁桶、钉子、铰链等 * galvanized wire 铅丝.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) shock sb into action 激起某人行动起来: The manager's arrival galvanized the workers into activity. 经理一来, 工人闻风而动. /ˈgæmbɪt; `ˇæmbɪt/ n  1 opening move(s) in chess in which a player sacrifices a piece in order to win an advantage later （国际象棋的）开局让棋法.  2 (fig 比喻) opening move in any situation that is calculated to win an advantage 为获得优势采取的第一步行动: His opening gambit at the debate was a direct attack on Government policy. 他在辩论中的策略是先直接抨击政府的政策./ˈgæmbl; `ˇæmbl/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr] play games of chance, etc for money 赌博: gamble at cards, on the horses, etc 赌纸牌、马等 * He spends all his time gambling in the casino. 他把时间都消磨在赌场的赌博上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) spend (money) by playing such games, etc 用（钱）赌博: He gambled all his winnings on the last race. 他把赢得的钱全压在最後一场赛马上了.  2 (phr v) ~ sth away lose sth by gambling 赌博输掉某物: gamble away all one's money 把所有的钱都输光. gamble in sth risk money by investing in (a specified commodity) 对（某商品）作冒险投资: gamblein oil (shares) 做石油（股票）投机生意. gamble on sth/doing sth act in the hope of sth being successful, true, etc despite the risk of loss 不顾损失而冒险行动或碰运气: gamble on (having) sb's support 孤注一掷希望获得某人支持 * I wouldn't gamble on the weather being fine. 我可不指望天气能一直好下去.

n  1 act of gambling; undertaking with a risk of loss and a chance of profit 打赌; 投机; 冒险; 碰运气: Setting up this business was a bit of a gamble. 开办这样的公司有点冒险.  2 (idm 习语) take a gamble (on sth) gamble 赌博; 冒险而为: The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off, ie was financially successful. 公司冒险将产品削价出售, 结果赢利./ˈgæmblə(r); `ˇæmblɚ/ n person who gambles赌博者: a habitual gambler 赌徒./ˈgæmblɪŋ; `ˇæmblɪŋ/ n [U] (a) playing games, etc for money 赌博; 赌钱: [attrib 作定语] heavy gambling debts 沉重的赌债. (b) taking risks for possible advantage 冒险; 投机: to have a taste for gambling 爱冒险./gæmˈbuːʒ; <i>US</i> -ˈbəʊdʒ; ˇæm`bodʒ/ n [U] (a) deep yellow resin used as colouring matter by artists 藤黄. (b) colour of this 橙黄色./ˈgæmbl; `ˇæmbl/ v (-ll-) (US also -l-) [I, Ip] jump or skip about playfully （嬉戏地）跳跃, 蹦跳: children/lambs gambolling (about/around) （四处）嬉戏蹦跳的儿童[羊羔].

n act of gambolling 跳跃; 蹦跳./geɪm; ˇem/ n  1 [C] (a) form of play or sport with rules 游戏; 运动: popular children's games 儿童喜爱的游戏 * a game of chance/skill 一种碰运气的[赛技巧的]游戏. (b) instance of this 游戏; 运动: to play a game of chess, football, hide-and-seek, etc 下棋、踢足球、捉迷藏 * Let's have a game of snooker. 咱们打一局台球吧. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport.  2 games [pl] (a) athletics or sport as part of a school curriculum （学校的）体育活动: Mary never played games at school. 玛丽在学校从不参加体育活动. (b) (also the Games) (international) athletic contests （国际）体育比赛, 运动会: the Olympic/Commonwealth/Highland `Games 奥林匹克[英联邦/苏格兰高地]运动会.  3 [C] part of a game (eg tennis or bridge) that forms a scoring unit （网球或桥牌的）一局, 一盘, 一场: We need another twenty points to make game, ie in bridge. 我们需再打20分才够一局（桥牌）. * They lost the first game of the second set, ie in tennis. 他们在第二盘中输了第一局（网球赛）. * (one) game all, two games all, etc, ie each player or team has won one game, two games, etc 各赢一局、各赢两局等 * Game, set and match (to...), ie The tennis match has been won (by...) 赢得这局、盘、场网球赛的是... * [attrib 作定语] game `point, ie stage in a competition when one point is needed to win the game （比赛中）决胜的一分.  4 [C] set of equipment for playing a game （游戏或运动的）器材: My uncle always gives us a `board game for Christmas. 我叔叔每逢圣诞节总要送给我们一副棋.  5 [C] (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) (a) secret and cunning plan; trick 诡计; 计谋; 花招: So that's his (little) game! ie Now I know what he has been planning. 原来那就是他的鬼点子! * I wish I knew what her game is, ie what she is planning to do. 但愿我知道她打的是什么主意. (b) type of activity or business 活动类型; 行业: the `publishing game 出版业 * the game of `politics 政治工作 * How long have you been in `this game? 你从事这一行业有多久了?  6 [U] (flesh of) wild animals or birds hunted for sport or food 猎物; 野兽或野禽的肉: [attrib 作定语] game `pie 野味馅饼.  7 (idm 习语) beat sb at his own game => beat1. easy game => easy1. fair game => fair1. fun and games => fun. the ,game is not worth the `candle (saying 谚) the advantages to be gained from doing sth are not worth the trouble, expense, etc involved 不值得做; 得不偿失. the game is `up (usu said to or by a wrongdoer when he is caught 抓到做坏事者时说的话或做坏事者被抓到时的自语) your/our crime, trickery, etc has been discovered 事情已败露了; 你[我们]完蛋了. a game that `two can play; `two can play at `that game (that is a) wrongdoing or trick that a victim can copy in return 那一套你会我也会. give the `game away carelessly reveal a secret 不慎泄露秘密; 露马脚. the luck of the game => luck. a mug's game => mug2. the name of the game => name1. (be) ,off one's `game unable to play as well as usual 竞技状态不佳; 发挥失常. (be) on the `game (sl 俚) involved in prostitution or thieving 卖淫; 行窃. play a cat-and-mouse game with sb => cat1. play the `game (a) play according to the rules 按规矩办事; 遵守规则. (b) (fig 比喻) act in a fair or honourable way 办事公道; 光明正大: John only pretends to do his share of the work; he's just not playing the game. 约翰只是装成做他那份工作, 实际上并不真心好好干. play sb's game act so as to further sb's plans intentionally or unintentionally 有意或无意地促进某人 的计画: She didn't realize that by complaining she was only playing Peter's game. 她未曾想发牢骚无形中反倒帮了彼得的忙. a waiting game => wait1.

/geɪm; ˇem/ adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) eager and willing to undertake sth risky; brave 跃跃欲试的; 有冒险精神的; 勇敢的: `Who'll climb up to get it?' `I'm game (to try).' ｀谁愿意爬上去把它拿下来?＇｀我来（试试）.＇ * He's always game for an adventure. 他一向热衷于冒险. 

/geɪm; ˇem/ adj (dated infml 旧, 口) lame; crippled (esp in the leg) 残疾的; （尤指）瘸的, 跛的: He is game in the leg/has a game leg. 他腿瘸[有一只瘸腿]. Cf 参看 gammy.bird that is hunted and killed for food or sport 可捕猎的鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.area of land reserved for the breeding and protection of game1(6) 猎物繁殖和保护区.n person employed to manage a game reserve （猎物繁殖与保护区的）管理员, 经理人.n cock bred for cock-fighting 斗鸡.n man employed to breed and protect game birds on an estate 猎禽看守人（繁殖和保护猎禽者）.adv: fight, struggle, etc gamely, ie bravely but perhaps unsuccessfully 暴虎冯河地战斗、斗争等（勇敢, 但未必成功）.n [U] art of winning games by upsetting the confidence of one's opponent 比赛中藉挫伤对手自信心以取胜的策略./ˈgæmiːt; `ˇæmit/ n (biology 生) sexual cell able to unite with another in reproduction 配子. /gəˈmetɪk; ˇə`mɛtɪk/ adj./ˈgeɪmɪŋ; `ˇemɪŋ/ n [U] (dated or law 旧或律) gambling 赌博: [attrib 作定语] the Betting and Gaming Act 赌博法 * spending all night at the gaming tables 在赌桌旁彻夜赌博./ˈgæmə; `ˇæmə/ n the third letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊字母表的第三个字母./ˈglɒbjʊlɪn; `ˇlɑbjᴜlɪn/ (medical 医) form of protein, found in blood plasma, which gives protection against certain illnesses 丙种球蛋白; 球蛋白.radioactivity consisting of gamma rays　辐射.(usu pl 通常作复数) ray of very short wavelength from radioactive materials　射线./ˈgæmən; `ˇæmən/ n [U] (esp Brit) bacon from the hind leg or side of a pig 腌猪後腿: [attrib 作定语] gammon rashers 火腿肉片. Cf 参看 bacon, ham1, pork./ˈgæmɪ; `ˇæmɪ/ adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) (of a limb or joint) unable to function normally through pain or stiffness （指四肢或关节）（因疼痛或僵直）不能正常活动的, 瘸的, 跛的: a gammy leg/knee 不能正常活动的腿[膝]. Cf 参看 game3./ˈgæmət; `ˇæmət/ n  1 the gamut [sing] complete range or scale (of sth) 全范围; 全部: the whole gamut of human emotions from joy to despair 人类情感包括欢乐及绝望之间的整个范围.  2 (idm 习语) run the gamut (of sth) experience or perform the complete range of sth 全过程: In his short life he had run the entire gamut of crime, from petty theft to murder. 他在短短的一生中, 从小偷小摸到杀人, 什么罪都犯过./ˈgeɪmɪ; `ˇemɪ/ adj (of meat) having the strong flavour or smell of game1(6) that has been kept for a long time （指肉）（野味经长久保存）气味强烈的, 有臭味的./ˈgændə(r); `ˇændɚ/ n  1 [C] male goose 雄鹅.  2 [sing] (infml 口) look, glance 看一眼; 一瞥: have/take a gander at sth 看某物一眼.  3 (idm 习语) what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander => sauce./gæŋ; ˇæŋ/ n [CGp]  1 organized group of criminals （罪犯有组织的）一帮, 一伙: The gang are being hunted by the police. 警方正在追捕这帮匪徒. Cf 参看 gangster.  2 group of young people, usu males in their teens and early twenties, who are typically troublesome （闹事的青少年, 通常指男性）一群, 一伙: The phone box was vandalized by a gang of youths. 那电话亭被一群少年歹徒故意破坏了. * [attrib 作定语] gang warfare, ie fighting between rival gangs 打群架.  3 organized group of workers （工人有组织的）一队, 一组: a gang of builders, roadmenders, etc 一队建筑工、修路工等.  4 [sing] (infml 口) group of people who regularly associate together （经常来往的）一伙人: The whole gang's here tonight. 今晚伙伴们都在这里. * Don't go around with that gang or you'll come to no good! 别跟那伙人厮混在一起, 否则绝没有好下场. * (esp US) Hi, gang! 嘿, 伙计们!

v (phr v) gang together; gang up (with sb) (against sb) (derog 贬) act together (with sb) (against sb) （和某人）合伙（对付他人）. gang up on sb (derog 贬) join together to hurt or frighten sb 结伙伤害或恐吓某人: bigger/older boys ganging up on smaller/younger ones 高大的[年纪大的]小伙子结伙欺侮身材[年纪]较小的男孩. /ˈgŋə(r); `ˇæŋɚ/ n (Brit) foreman of a gang of workers 工头; 监工.n [sing] world of criminal gangs 犯罪集团的活动范围: [attrib 作定语] gangland killings 犯罪集团间的杀戮./ˈgæŋglɪŋ; `ˇæŋˇlɪŋ/ (also gangly / 5gNglI;`^AN^lI/) adj (of a person) tall, thin and awkward-looking （指人）瘦长而难看的: a gangling youth 瘦长而难看的青年./ˈgæŋglɪən; `ˇæŋˇlɪən/ n (pl ~s or  -lia / -lIE; -lIE/) group of nerve cells from which nerve fibres radiate 神经节./ˈgæŋplŋk; `ˇæŋˌplæŋk/ n movable plank for walking into or out of a boat; (small) gangway （上下船用的）跳板./ˈgæŋgriːn; `ˇæŋˇrin/ n [U] decay and death of body tissue when the blood supply has been stopped 坏疽: When gangrene set in, his foot had to be amputated. 他的脚生了坏疽, 必须截除. /ˈgŋ-grɪnəs; `ˇæŋˇrɪnəs/ adj./ˈgæŋstə(r); `ˇæŋstɚ/ n member of a gang of armed criminals 匪徒; 歹徒: [attrib 作定语] gangster films 描写盗匪的影片./ˈgæŋweɪ; `ˇæŋˌwe/ n  1 movable bridge for entering or leaving a ship （上下船用的）跳板.  2 (Brit) passage between two rows of seats in a theatre, concert-hall, etc （剧场、音乐厅等的）座间甬道, 过道. 

interj (used for telling people to get out of one's way 用以叫人让路)./ˈgændʒə; `ˇændʒə/ n [U] = cannabis./ˈgænɪt; `ˇænɪt/ n large sea-bird that catches fish by diving 塘鹅./ˈgæntrɪ; `ˇæntrɪ/ n tall metal frame supporting a crane, signals on a railway or motorway, rocket-launching equipment, etc 金属台架; （起重的）龙门架; （铁路或高速公路的）信号机架; （火箭发射设备的）竖架.(US usu 美式英语通常作 jail) / dVeIl; dVel/ n [C, U] prison 监狱: The castle had been used as a gaol. 那城堡曾用作监狱. * be sent to gaol, ie be imprisoned 入狱 * spend a year in gaol 入狱一年.

(US usu 美式英语通常作 jail) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb in gaol 监禁某人: He was gaoled for six months for his part in the robbery. 他因参与抢劫监禁了六个月.(US usu 美式英语通常作 jailbird) n (dated infml 旧, 口) person (habitually) sent to prison 囚犯; 惯犯.(US usu 美式英语通常作 jail-break) n escape from prison 越狱.(US usu 美式英语通常作 jailer, jailor) / 5dVeIlE(r); `dVelL/ n person in charge of a gaol and the prisoners in it 监狱看守./gæp; ˇæp/ n ~ (in/between sth)  1 opening or break in sth or between two things 缺口; 裂口; 豁口: a gap in a fence, hedge, wall, etc 篱笆、树篱、墙壁等的豁口 * The road goes through a gap in/between the hills. 公路从山间峡谷穿过.  2 unfilled interval of space （空间的）间隔: a gap of five miles between towns 镇与镇之间 相隔五英里 * (fig 比喻) There were some unaccountable gaps in (ie parts missing from) his story. 他讲的话有些地方连贯不起来.  3 unfilled interval of time; lapse （时间的）间隙, 间断: a gap in the conversation 谈话中的停顿 * After a gap of 30 years the custom was reintroduced. 这一风俗中断了30年後又兴起来了. * a temporary job to fill the gap between school and university 高中毕业到升入大学前这段时间的临时工作.  4 (fig 比喻) separation 分离: a wide gap between the opinions of two people 两人意见的巨大分歧.  5 (fig 比喻) deficiency which needs to be filled 需加填补的不足、缺陷或空白: a gap in one's education 个人受教育上的缺欠 * There was a terrible gap in her life after her husband died. 她在丈夫去世後生活中有过一段难堪的日子. * a gap in the market, ie absence of a type of article which people might wish to buy 市场上某货物的脱销.  6 (idm 习语) bridge a/the gap => bridge. a credibility gap => credibility (credible). the generation gap => generation.adj having teeth which are wide apart 牙齿间缝隙很大的./geɪp; ˇep/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (often derog 常作贬义) stare with an open mouth, usu in surprise 目瞪口呆地凝视: Don`t gape : it`s rude! 别张着嘴傻瞪着, 太不礼貌了! * What are you gaping at? 你目蹬口呆地看着什么?  2 [La, I] be or become open wide 张开; 张大: A huge chasm gaped before them. 他们面前有个巨大的裂痕. * a gaping hole, wound, chasm 很大的洞、伤口、裂隙 * a shirt gaping open with a button missing 丢一颗钮扣而敞开着的衬衫.

n open-mouthed stare 张口凝视: gapes of astonishment on the faces of the spectators 观众目瞪口呆的惊讶表情./ˈgærɑːʒ, ˈgærɪdʒ; <i>US</i> gəˈrɑːʒ; ˇə`rɑʒ/ n  1 building in which to keep one or more cars, vans, etc 汽车房; 汽车库; 汽车间: a house with a separate/built-in garage 另设[附设]汽车房的房子 * a bus garage 公共汽车车库. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.  2 (Brit) (US `service station) roadside petrol station where vehicles can be serviced and repaired （兼作汽车维修等的）加油站: [attrib 作定语] a garage mechanic 加油站技工.

v [Tn] put (a motor vehicle) in a garage 将（机动车辆）送入车房.(US) = car-boot sale (car)./gɑːb; ˇɑrb/ n [U] (style of) clothing (esp as worn by a particular type of person) 服装, 服装式样（尤指某类人穿的）: military garb 军装 * a man in priest's garb/in the garb of a priest 穿着牧师服装的人 * in strange, unusual, odd, etc garb 装束奇异、不寻常、古怪等.

v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] dress (sb) in the stated way 穿某种服装: a strangely garbed man 衣着奇特的男子 * women garbed in black 穿黑衣的女子./ˈgɑːbɪdʒ; `ˇɑrbɪdʒ/ n  1 [U] (esp US) (a) waste material, esp domestic refuse 废物; （尤指家庭的）垃圾: [attrib 作定语] garbage collection/disposal 垃圾收集[处理] * a garbage truck 垃圾车. (b) place or receptacle for disposing of this 垃圾场; 垃圾箱: Throw any left-over food in the garbage. 把剩下的食物倒进垃圾箱里.  2 [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) nonsense; rubbish 废话; 无聊的话: You do talk a load of garbage! 你的废话太多了!  3 [U] (fig computing 比喻, 计) meaningless or irrelevant data 无意义的或无关联的资料或数据.  4 (idm 习语) garbage `in, garbage `out (infml 口) (in computing) if you input wrong data, the output will also be wrong （计算机运算中）错进, 错出（若输入错误数据, 则输出亦为错误数据）.(US) = dustbin (dust)./ˈgɑːbld; `ˇɑrbld/ adj (of a message) confusedor misleading （指信息）混乱的, 引起误解的: The injured man was still groggy and could only give a garbled account of the accident. 受伤的男子仍不很清醒, 只能含糊地说出事故的情形./ˈgɑːdn; `ˇɑrdn/ n  1 [C, U] (piece of) private ground used for growing flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc, typically with a lawn or other open space for recreation （私人的）花园、果园、菜园等园地: We've only a small garden. 我们的花园很小. * a big house with a lot of garden 有大片园地的大房子 * a formal garden 整齐的传统式花园 * weeding the garden 给菜园除草 * [attrib 作定语] a garden wall 花园的墙 * garden flowers/plants 园艺花卉[植物].  2 gardens [pl] public park 公园: botanical/zoological gardens 植物园[动物园].  3 [C] place where refreshments are served out of doors 户外供应饮食的场所: a beer/tea garden 露天啤酒店[茶座].  4 [sing] (fig 比喻) fertile region 沃土地区: Kent is the garden of England. 肯特郡是英格兰的肥田沃地.  5 (idm 习语) a bear garden => bear1. common or garden => common1. everything in the garden is `lovely (saying 谚) everything is very satisfactory 样样满意. lead sb up the garden path => lead3.

v [I] cultivate a garden 从事园艺活动; 种植花木: She's outdoors gardening every afternoon. 她每天下午都在户外搞园艺. place where plants, seeds, gardening equipment, etc are sold 花卉店（出售各种植物、种籽、园艺工具等）.city or suburb designed with many open spaces and planted with many trees （多空地、种有大量树木的）花园城市或市郊.formal social gathering on a lawn or in a garden, usu in the afternoon 游园会（通常在下午举行）.=> garden city/ˈgɑːdnə(r); `ˇɑrdnɚ/ n person who works in a garden, either for pay or as a hobby 园丁; 花匠; 园艺爱好者. /gɑːˈdiːnɪə; ˇɑr`dinɪə/ n  1 tree or shrub with large white or yellow flowers, usu sweet-smelling 栀子.  2 its flower 栀子花./ˈgɑːdnɪŋ;`ˇɑrdnɪŋ/ n [U] cultivating of gardens 园艺: fond of gardening 喜爱园艺 * [attrib 作定语] gardening gloves, tools 园艺用手套、工具./gɑːˈgæntjʊən; ˇɑr`ˇæntʃᴜən/ adj enormous; gigantic 巨大的; 庞大的: a gargantuan appetite, meal, person 胃口极佳、丰盛的饭菜、巨人./ˈgɑːgl; `ˇɑrˇl/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) wash the throat with liquid kept moving about by a stream of breath 含漱; 漱喉: He always gargles (with salt water) before going to bed. 他睡前总是（用盐水）漱口.

n  1 [C] liquid used for gargling 含漱剂; 漱口剂: use a gargle of salt water 使用盐水含漱剂.  2 [sing] act of gargling 含漱; 漱口: have a gargle with salt water 用盐水漱口./ˈgɑːgɔɪl; `ˇɑrˇɔɪl/ n stone or metal spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal figure, for carrying rain-water away from the roof of a church, etc （作怪异人形或动物形的）滴水嘴; （疏导雨水的）凸饰漏嘴./ˈgeərɪʃ; `ˇɛrɪʃ/ adj unpleasantly bright; over-coloured or over-decorated, esp in a vulgar way 炫耀的, 过于艳丽的, 过分装饰的（尤指俗气的）: garish clothes,colours, lights 花里胡哨的衣服、颜色、彩灯. adv: garishly coloured, dressed, illuminated 着色鲜艳的、穿着花哨的、照明炫耀的. n [U]./ˈgɑːlənd; `ˇɑrlənd/ n circle of flowers, leaves or ribbons, worn (esp on the head or round the neck) or hung as a decoration 花环; 花冠; 花圈: a garland of victory 象徵胜利的花环.

v [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) put a garland or garlands on sb 给某人戴上花环或花冠: garlanded with roses 戴玫瑰花冠的./ˈgɑːmənt; `ˇɑrmənt/ n  1 (fml or joc 文或谑) article of clothing （一件）衣服: a strange shapeless garment that had once been a jacket 用甲克改成的怪模怪样的衣服 * his nether garments, ie shorts, trousers, etc 他的裤子.  2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) covering 覆盖: In spring nature wears a new garment. 春天, 大自然披上了新装./ˈgɑːnə(r); `ˇɑrnɚ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (in/up) (fml 文) collect sth in and (usu) store it 收集并（通常）贮藏某物: garner (in/up) the grain for the winter 储粮以备过冬 * (fig 比喻) garner knowledge, information, etc 积累知识、搜集信息 * facts garnered from various sources 从各种渠道搜集到的资料./ˈgɑːnɪt; `ˇɑrnɪt/ n semi-precious gem of deep transparent red 石榴石（一种次宝石, 色深红而透明）./ˈgɑːnɪʃ; `ˇɑrnɪʃ/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) decorate (food for the table) with small additional amounts of food 给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰: fish garnished with slices of lemon 用柠檬片作装饰的鱼 * meat garnished with parsley, fresh vegetables, etc 饰有香菜、新鲜蔬菜等的肉.

n vegetable, herb, etc used to decorate a dish of food or add to its flavour （作装饰或是提味用的）菜料: a garnish of mixed herbs 什锦装饰菜料./ˈgærət; `ˇærɪt/ n room (often small, dark and unpleasant) on the top floor of a house (esp in the roof) 顶层房间; （尤指）阁楼: a poor man living in a garret 住在阁楼的穷人. Cf 参看 attic./ˈgærɪsn; `ˇærəsn/ n [CGp] troops stationed in a town or fort 卫戍部队; 守备部队; 警备部队: Half the garrison is/are on duty. 有半数卫戍部队在执勤. * [attrib 作定语] garrison duty 守备任务 * a garrison town 有驻防的城市.

v  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) defend (a place) with or as a garrison 卫戍部队守备（某地）: The town was garrisoned with two regiments. 该镇有两团士兵驻守.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb in/on sth place (troops) as a garrison 派（部队）驻防: A hundred soldiers were garrisoned in the town. 派了一百名士兵在城里驻防./gəˈrɒt; ˇə`rɑt/ v [Tn]  1 execute (a condemned person) by strangling or throttling with a metal collar 用铁环绞死（判死刑的人）.  2 strangle (sb) with wire or rope 勒死（某人）.

n device used for garrotting (garrotte 1) 绞刑用的铁环./gəˈruːlətɪ; ˇə`rulətɪ/, garrulousness ns [U] talkativeness 絮叨; 饶舌; 多嘴./ˈgærələs; `ˇærələs/ adj talking too much, esp about unimportant things 喋喋不休的, 饶舌的（尤指对琐事）: becoming garrulous after a few glasses of wine 喝了几杯酒後就唠唠叨叨 * My garrulous neighbour had given away the secret. 我那爱唠叨的邻居已把秘密泄露了.adv./ˈgɑːtə(r); `ˇɑrtɚ/ n  1 [C] (usu elastic) band worn round the leg to keep up a sock or stocking （通常为弹性的）袜带.  2 the Garter [sing] badge or membership of the highest order of English knighthood 嘉德勋位（英国爵士的最高勋位）; 嘉德勋章: be awarded the Garter 被授予嘉德勋位./gæs; ˇæs/ n (pl gases; US also gasses)  1 [C, U] air-like substance (ie not a solid or liquid) 气体: Hydrogen and oxygen are gases. 氢和氧都是气体. * Air is a mixture of gases. 空气是混合气体. * [attrib 作定语] agas balloon, ie filled with gas 气球.  2 [U] (a) inflammable gas or mixture of gases used as fuel for heating, lighting or cooking 易燃气体, 混合气体（作取暖、照明或烹调用的燃料）: Is your central heating gas or electricity? 你们的集中供热设备是煤气的还是用电的? * Light the gas/Turn the gas on and we'll have a cup of tea. 点上煤气, 咱们沏杯茶吧. * butane/calor/coal/natural gas 丁烷气[罐装石油气/煤气/天然气] * cook on a low/medium/high gas, ie on a gas cooker 在微火[中火/大火]上烹调（在煤气炉上） * [attrib 作定语] a gas cooker, lighter (ie cigarette lighter), oven, ring, stove, ie using gas as fuel 煤气炉、气体打火机、煤气烤箱、煤气炉环形喷火头、煤气炉. (b) gas (eg nitrous oxide) or mixture of gases used as an anaesthetic in surgery and dentistry 外科和牙科用作麻醉剂的气体（如一氧化二氮）或气体混合物: I was given gas when they pulled my tooth out. 给我拔牙时用了一氧化二氮. * Did you have gas or an injection? 你是用的麻醉气还是打的麻醉针? (c) poisonous gas (eg mustard gas) used in warfare （战争用的）毒气（如芥子气）: [attrib 作定语] a gas attack 毒气攻击.  3 [U] (US infml 口) = petrol.  4 [U] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) empty talk; boasting 空谈; 吹牛: His long speech was nothing but gas and hot air. 他的长篇大论只是吹牛和空话.  5 (idm 习语) step on the gas => step1.

v (-ss-)  1 [Tn] cause (sb) to breathe poisonous gas 使（某人）吸入毒气: He was badly gassed in the war. 他在战争中深受毒气伤害. * She couldn't face the future, and gassed herself, ie killed herself with gas. 她对未来感到绝望, 用煤气自杀了.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) talk for a long time without saying much that is useful 空谈; 瞎扯.(dated 旧) (esp in Britain before the privatization of the gas supply) public body controlling the supply of gas for domestic and industrial use （尤指英国在煤气私有化前的）煤气供应局.pipe with one or more gas burners attached to a wall （装在墙上带喷嘴的）煤气管.room filled with gas for killing animals or people 毒气室（用以毒死动物或人的）.cylindrical metal container for storing gas 煤气罐.large pipe carrying gas from supplier to consumer 煤气总管道.breathing apparatus worn as protection against poison gas 防毒面具. =>illus at mask 见mask插图.meter for measuring the amount of gas used 煤气表（计量煤气用量的仪表）.hollow metal rod connected to a gas supply, for lighting a coal fire 煤气引火棒（中空的金属棒, 与煤气源连接, 用以点燃煤炭）.(US) = petrol station (petrol).device for controlling the flow of gas from a pipe 煤气截门; 煤气阀.adj using gas as fuel 以煤气为燃料的:,gas-fired ,central `heating 以煤气为燃料的集中供热设备.n worker who installs gas-fittings 煤气设备安装工.n (usu pl 通常作复数) pipe, burner or other piece of apparatus for heating or lighting with gas 煤气装置.adj illuminated by light from burning gas 用煤气灯照明的.n (infml derog 口, 贬) talkative person 话痨./ˈgæsɪəs, ˈgeɪsɪəs; `ˇæsɪəs/ adj like, containing or being gas 似气体的; 含气体的; 气体的: a gaseous mixture 气体混合物./gæʃ; ˇæʃ/ n ~ (in sth) long deep cut or wound 长而深的切痕或伤口: a nasty gash in the arm, leg, etc 胳膊、腿等上深而长的伤口 * make a gash in the bark of a tree with a knife 用刀在树皮上割一道深而长的切口.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/with sth) make a gash in sth （在某物上）割一长而深的切口: gash one's arm on a piece of broken glass 胳膊被玻璃碎片划了一个大口子.n = gasometer./ˈgæsɪfaɪ; `ˇæsəˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into gas （使某物）气化./ˈgæskɪt; `ˇæskɪt/ n soft flat sheet or ring of rubber, card, etc used to seal a joint between metal surfaces to prevent steam, gas, etc from escaping 垫圈; 密封垫: The engine had blown a gasket, ie the gasket had suddenly let steam, etc escape. 发动机的一个垫圈失效了（蒸气等逸出）./-mn; -ˌmæn/ n (pl -men /-men; -9mZn/) (infml 口) employee of a gas supply organization who checks gas meters and domestic gas apparatus （抄煤气表、检查设备的）煤气公司雇员./ˈgæsəliːn; `ˇæslˌin/ n [U] (US) = petrol./gæˈsɒmɪtə(r); ˇæs`ɑmətɚ/ n (also `gas holder) very large round tank in which fuel gas is stored and from which it is distributed through pipes 大型储煤气柜./gɑːsp; ˇæsp/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth); ~ (for sth) take one or more quick deep breaths with open mouth, because of surprise or exhaustion （因惊异或力竭）吸气, 喘气: gasp like a fish out of water 像鱼离开水似的大口 喘气 * I gasped in/with astonishment at the magician's skill. 那魔术师技艺惊人, 我不禁倒抽一口凉气. * The exhausted runner was gasping for air/breath. 那人跑得疲惫已极, 上气不接下气.  2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth in a breathless way 喘着气说话: She managed to gasp (out) a few words. 她喘着气好不容易才说出了几个字来.  3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (used in the continuous tenses 用于进行时态) (infml 口) want sth very much, esp sth to drink or smoke 很想要某物（尤指饮料或烟）: `Do you need a drink?' `Yes, I'm gasping!' ｀你要喝点什么吗?＇｀我巴不得能喝点!＇ * I was gasping for a cigarette. 我很想抽枝烟.

n  1 quick deep breath of pain, surprise, etc （因疼痛、惊异等引起的）深吸气, 喘气: give a sudden audible gasp 突然大声地喘了一口气 * There were gasps of horror from the spectators as he fell off the tightrope. 他从　紧的绳索上摔了下来, 观众吓得直喘气.  2 (idm 习语) at one`s last gasp => last1.n [U]./ˈgæsɪ; `ˇæsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 of, like or full of gas, esp in the form of bubbles in liquid （似）气体的, 充满气体的（尤指液体中充满气泡）: Fizzy lemonade can be very gassy. 有的汽水气很足.  2 (infml derog 口, 贬) talkative, esp in a gossipy or boastful way 话多的（尤指闲话或大话）: a gassy old man,woman,etc 爱絮叨的老头儿、老太婆等. /ˈgæstrɪk; `ˇæstrɪk/ adj [attrib 作定语] (medical 医) of the stomach 胃的; 胃部的: gastric ulcers 胃溃疡 * gastric juices 胃液./gæˈstraɪtɪs; ˇæs`traɪtɪs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the stomach 胃炎./ˌgæstrəʊˌentəˈraɪtɪs; ˌˇæstroˌɛntə`raɪtɪs/n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the stomach and intestines 胃肠炎./ˌgæstrəˈnɒmɪk; ˌˇæstrə`nɑmɪk/adj of gastronomy 美食学的; 美食法的: Lyons, the gastronomic capital of France 里昂, 法国的美食之都. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: a gastronomically outstanding meal 精美的饭菜./gæˈstrɒnəmɪ; ˇæs`trɑnəmɪ/ n [U] art and science of choosing, cooking and eating good food 美食学; 美食法.n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [sing or pl v]place where gas for lighting and heating is manufactured煤气厂./geɪt; ˇet/ n  1 (a) movable barrier, usu on hinges, which closes an opening in a wall, fence or hedge 大门; 城门; 篱笆门: a wooden, iron gate 木门、铁门 * the garden gate 花园的门 * the gates of the city 城门. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. (b) opening closed by this; gateway 有大门的出入口; 大门口: The carriage passed through the palace gates. 马车穿过了宫殿的大门口. (c) similar movable barrier which controls a stream of water 闸门; 阀门: a lock/sluice gate 闸门[水闸].  2 means of entrance or exit (for passengers at an airport or spectators at a sports ground) （飞机场或体育场的）进出口, 站口, 看台口: The flight is now boarding at gate 16. 本班机现在在第16号入口检票登机.  3 number of spectators at a sports event, esp a football match （体育比赛的）观众人数（尤指足球赛的）: a gate of ten thousand 万人观众 * a good/poor/large/small gate 很多的[很少的/大量的/少量的]观众.  4 (also `gate money) amount of money taken from tickets sold at a sports event, esp a football match 门票收入（尤指足球赛的）: Today's gate will be given to charity. 今日的门票收入将捐献给慈善事业.

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (Brit) confine (a student) to college or school as a punishment 惩罚性禁止（学生）离校./ˈgætəʊ; <i>US</i> gæˈtəʊ; ˇɑ`to/ n (pl ~x or  ~s) [C, U] large rich cream-cake often decorated with fruit, nuts, chocolate, etc 奶油大蛋糕（常饰有水果、坚果、巧克力等）: a (slice of) fresh cream gateau （一块）新鲜的奶油蛋糕.v [I, Tn] enter (a private social occasion) without paying or being invited （未付费或未受邀）擅自闯入, 擅自出席（私人社交集会）: gatecrash a party 擅自闯入一聚会. n person who gatecrashes 擅自参加者; 不速之客.n house built at or over a gate (eg at the entrance to a park or castle) 门房, 门楼（如公园或城堡入口处的）.n keeper of a gatehouse 看门人; 管门人.table with legs that can be moved out to support a folding top 摺叠式桌子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.= gate 4.n  1 post on which a gate is hung or against which it is closed 门柱.  2 (idm 习语) between you and me and the `gatepost (infml 口) in strict confidence 严格保密.n  1 way in and out that can be closed by a gate or gates 大门口: Don't stand there blocking the gateway! 别站在那儿挡着门口!  2 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ to sth (fig 比喻) (a) place through which one must go to reach somewhere else 门径; 关口: The port of Dover is England's gateway to Europe. 多佛港是英国进入欧洲的大门. (b) means of gaining sth desired 方法; 手段; 途径: A good education can be the gateway to success. 良好的教育是通往成功之路./ˈgæðə(r); `ˇæðɚ/ v  1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ round (sb/sth); ~ sb/sth round (sb/sth) come or bring sb/sth together in one place 聚集; 集合; 召集; 搜集: A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人. * Gather round (ie Form a group round me) and listen, children! 孩子们, 围拢过来听我说! * a musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano 全家围在钢琴旁的音乐晚会. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together/up) bring together (objects) that have been spread about 收集, 收拢（分散的东西）: Give me a moment to gather my notes together. 给我些时间整理一下笔记. * She gathered up her scattered belongings and left. 她把自己的散乱物品收好就走了.  2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) collect (plants, fruit, etc) from a wide area 搜集, 采集（植物、水果等）: gather flowers, berries, nuts, etc 采花、浆果、坚果等 * gathering mushrooms in the fields 在野地采集蘑菇 * (fig 比喻) information gathered (ie obtained) from various sources 从各处搜集的信息. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) pick or cut and collect (crops) for storage 捡拾或收割（庄稼）: The harvest has been safely gathered in. 庄稼已妥善收获完毕.  3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sb/sth) understand sth; conclude 理解某事物; 得出结论: `Smith's resigned.' `I gathered as much from the newspapers.' ｀史密斯辞职了.＇｀我从报纸上也能看出他得辞职.＇ * I gather you want to see the director. 我猜想你要见经理. * `She won't be coming.' `So I gather.' ｀她不来了.＇｀我也这么看.＇ * I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn't very enthusiastic. 从她的回答来看, 她并不十分热心.  4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth round sb/sth; ~ sth up pull (a garment) tighter to one's body 将（衣服）向身体收拢: She gathered the shawl round her/round her shoulders. 她用披肩把自己[肩头]裹紧. * She gathered up her skirts and ran. 她提起裙摆就跑了.  5 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) draw (a garment) together in folds or pleats （在衣服上）打褶子: a skirt gathered (in) at the waist 腰部打褶的裙子.  6 [I, Tn] increase (sth) 增加（某事物）: The darkness is gathering. 夜色渐浓. * in the gathering gloom of a winter's afternoon 在冬天的一个下午, 天色越来越暗 * The car gathered speed. 汽车速度逐渐加快了.  7 [Tn] (fig 比喻) bring (sth) together in order to make an effort; summon up 聚集或集中（某事物）以尽力; 鼓起; 唤起: He gathered all his strength and swung the axe. 他用尽全力抡起斧头. * She sat trying to gather her thoughts before making her speech. 她坐在那里努力集中思想准备发言.  8 (idm 习语) be gathered to one's `fathers (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) die 死. collect/gather one's wits => wit. gather `dust be neglected or unused for a long time 长久忽略或久置不用. a rolling stone gathers no moss => roll2.

n fold or pleat in a garment （衣服上的）褶子./ˈgæðərɪŋ; `ˇæðərɪŋ/ n meeting or coming together of people 集会; 人群的聚集: a small family gathering 家庭小聚会 * a gathering of friends 朋友的聚会./gæt; ˇæt/ abbr 缩写 = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (signed in 1947) 关税及贸易总协定（1947年签订）./gəʊʃ; ˇoʃ/ adj  1 socially awkward or clumsy 不善交际的; 不圆滑的: I find him terribly gauche. 我认为他太不圆通了. * a gauche manner, person, remark 不雅的举止、人、言语.  2 (fig 比喻) (of literary or artistic work) clumsy （指文学或艺术作品）拙劣的, 不简练的: a rather gauche style, technique, etc 拙劣的文体、技艺等./ˈgəʊʃnɪs; `ˇoʃnɪs/, gaucherie/ 5gEUFErI;?@ 9gEUFE5ri:; 9^oFE`ri/ ns [U] gauche behaviour 不文雅的举止./ˈgaʊtʃəʊ; `ˇaᴜtʃo/ n (pl ~s) South American cowboy, esp one of Spanish and Indian descent 南美牧人; （尤指）加乌乔（西班牙人和印第安人的後裔）./ˈgɔːdɪlɪ;`ˇɔdəlɪ/ adv. /ˈgɔːdɪnɪs; `ˇɔdɪnɪs/ n [U]./ˈgɔːdɪ; `ˇɔdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) too bright and showy, esp in a vulgar way 花哨的; （尤指）俗气的: gaudy decorations 花哨的饰物 * cheap and gaudy jewellery 价廉而花哨的珠宝. v  1 [Tn] (a) measure (sth) esp accurately 测量（某物）（尤指精确地）: precision instruments which can gauge the diameter to a fraction of a millimetre 可测出直径几分之一毫米的精密仪器. (b) make an estimate of (sth) 估计, 判定（某事物）: gauging the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees 凭树的摇动估计风力.  2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] make a judgement about (sth) 判断（某事物）: trying to gauge reactions, sympathies, sentiments, etc 试图判定各种反应、同情程度、观点等 * It was difficult to gauge how people would respond. 大家的反应如何难以估计. * I gauged that it was not a good moment to speak to her. 我认为那不是跟她说话的时机./geɪdʒ; ˇedʒ/ n  1 [U, C] standard measure, esp of width or thickness 标准量度（尤指宽度或厚度）: the gauge of a sheet of metal 金属板的厚度 * What gauge of wire should we use for this job? 我们干这活应该用多大号的铅丝?  2 [C] distance between rails on a railway or tramway （火车或电车轨道的）轨距: standard gauge, ie 4ft 8 ins 标准轨距（4英尺8英寸） * narrow/broad gauge, ie narrower/wider than standard 窄轨[宽轨] * [attrib 作定语] a narrow-gauge railway 窄轨铁路.  3 [C] instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth 计量器: a petrol, pressure, rain, speed, etc gauge 汽油量表、压力计、雨量计、速度计.  4 [C] fact or circumstance which one can use in estimating or judging; measure （用以作出估计或判断的）事实, 环境; 方法; 尺度: Is a person's behaviour under stress a reliable gauge of his character? 人在受到压力时的行为能作衡量其品性的可靠尺度吗?/gɔːnt; ˇɔnt/ adj  1 (of a person) made exceptionally thin by hunger or illness; haggard （指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的, 骨瘦如柴的: the gaunt face of a starving man 饿汉憔悴的面容.  2 (of a place) bare; desolate （指地方）不毛的, 荒凉的: the gaunt landscape of the moon 月球上荒凉的景色. /ˈgɔːntlɪt; `ˇɔntlɪt/ n  1 metal glove forming part of a suit of armour, worn by soldiers in the Middle Ages （中世纪武士铠甲的）金属手套.  2 strong glove with a wide covering for the wrist, used for driving, fencing, etc （驾驶、击剑等用的）长手套, 防护手套: motorcyclists with leather gauntlets 戴着皮护手套的摩托车手. =>illus at glove 见glove插图.  3 (idm 习语) pick up/take up the `gauntlet accept a challenge 接受挑战: He was quick to take up the gauntlet thrown down by the opposition. 他立刻接受了对方提出的挑战. throw down the `gauntlet challenge sb to do sth 向某人提出挑战.

/ˈgɔːntlɪt; `ˇɔntlɪt/ n (idm 习语) run the `gauntlet be exposed to danger, anger, or criticism 冒险; 受气; 受批评: Before getting the proposals accepted, the government had to run the gauntlet of hostility from its own supporters. 拥护政府的人对政府进行了尖锐的抨击之後, 这些建议才得以接受.n [U]./gɔːz; ˇɔz/ n [U]  1 thin, often transparent, fabric of cotton, silk, etc （丝或棉等的）薄纱: a piece of (cotton, etc) gauze 一块（棉等）薄纱 * [attrib 作定语] a gauze curtain 纱帘 * a gauze patch applied to his wound 敷在他伤口上的纱布.  2 netting made of very thin wire （极细的金属丝制的）纱网.adj of or like gauze 纱布的; 似薄纱的.pt of give./ˈgævl; `ˇævl/ n small hammer used by an auctioneer or chairman as a signal for order or attention （拍卖者或主席用的）小槌: bang, rap, etc one's gavel on the table 用小槌在桌上猛击、敲打等./gəˈvɒt; ˇə`vɑt/ n (music for an) old French dance 古老的法国加伏特舞（曲）./gɔːk; ˇɔk/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (infml 口) stare impolitely or stupidly; gawp 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼看: I hate being gawked at! 我讨厌人家直瞪瞪地盯着我!/ˈgɔːkɪlɪ; `ˇɔkɪlɪ/ adv. /ˈgɔːkɪnɪs; `ˇɔkɪnɪs/ n [U]: Despite her gawkiness she was clearly going to be a beautiful woman one day. 别看她高大笨拙, 总有一天她会出落为美女的./ˈgɔːkɪ; `ˇɔkɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a tall young person) awkward and clumsy （尤指高大的年轻人）笨手笨脚的, 笨拙的: a shy gawky teenager 腼腆而笨拙的年轻人. /gɔːp; ˇɔp/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (infml 口) stare impolitely or stupidly; gawk 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼看: crowds of onlookers coming to gawp at the wreckage of the aircraft 来看热闹的人望着失事飞机的残骸发愣. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1./geɪ; ˇe/ adj  1 homosexual 同性恋的: a gay person, club, bar 搞同性恋爱的人、俱乐部、酒吧 * I didn't know he/she was gay. 我不知道他[她]是同性恋者.  2 happy and full of fun; light-hearted; cheerful 快乐的; 欢快的; 轻松的; 愉快的: gay laughter, music 欢快的笑声、音乐 * The streets look gay with bright flags and coloured lights. 街上旗帜鲜艳、彩灯缤纷, 显出一派欢乐景象.  3 [attrib 作定语] careless; thoughtless 轻率的; 不加思索的: spending money with gay abandon 挥霍钱财.

n homosexual person 同性恋爱者./ˈgeɪnɪs; `ˇenɪs/ n [U] homosexuality 同性恋. Cf 参看 gaiety./geɪz; ˇez/ v  1 [I, Ipr] look long and steadily (at sb/sth), usu in surprise or admiration 久久地凝视, 注视（通常指因惊讶或赞赏）: She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news. 我告诉她这消息时, 她以怀疑的目光注视着我. * He just sat gazing into space/gazing through the window. 他只是坐着茫然地望着[呆呆地望着窗外]. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1.  2 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb/sth (fml 文) look at sb/sth 看某人[某事物]: She was the most beautiful woman he had ever gazed upon. 她是他所见过的最美丽的女子.

n [sing] long steady look 凝视; 端详: Under his intense gaze she felt uncomfortable. 他目不转睛地看着她, 使她觉得很不自在./gəˈziːbəʊ; ˇə`zibo/ n (pl ~s) small, usu hutlike, building designed to give a wide view of the surrounding country （供俯瞰景色的）小亭阁式建筑物, 凉亭, 观景阁./gəˈzel; ˇə`zɛl/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 gazelles) small, graceful antelope 瞪羚: a herd of gazelle 一群瞪羚./gəˈzet; ˇə`zɛt/ n  1 official journal with public notices and lists of government, military, legal and university appointments （刊载政府、军事、法院、大学任命名单和告示的）公报.  2 (used in the titles of newspapers 用作报纸名称): the Evening Gazette, London Gazette, etc 《晚报》、《伦敦公报》.

v (esp Brit)  1 [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] publish or announce (sth) in an official gazette （在公报上）刊载或宣布（某事物）: His appointment was gazetted last week. 上周在公报上宣布了对他的任命.  2 [usu passive 通常用于被动语态: Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ sb to sth appoint sb, esp to a military post 任命某人（尤指任军职）: He was gazetted to a new regiment. 委派他赴一新团任职. * He was gazetted captain. 委派他任上尉./ˌgæzəˈtɪə(r); ˌˇæzə`tɪr/ n index of geographical names 地名索引; 地名词典: a world gazetteer 世界地名词典./gəˈzʌmp; ˇə`zʌmp/ v [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) raise the price of property, esp a house, after accepting an offer from (a buyer) 抬价敲诈（尤指房产, 价格议定後再抬价）: We shan't be buying the house: we've been gazumped (by the owner). 我们不想买那所房子了, 卖主变卦要敲诈我们./gəˈzʌmpə(r); ˇə`zʌmpɚ/ n./gəˈzʌmpɪŋ; ˇə`zʌmpɪŋ/ n [U] (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) practice of gazumping buyers 抬价敲诈（尤指房产, 价格议定後再抬价的行为）./ˌdʒiː ˈbiː; ˌdʒi `bi/ abbr 缩写 = Great Britain. =>Usage at great 用法见great./ˌdʒiː ˈsiː; ˌdʒi `si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) George Cross (award to civilians for bravery): be awarded the GC 获乔治勋章 * William Lawson GC 乔治勋章获得者威廉·劳森. Cf 参看 VC 4./ˌdʒiː siː ˈiː; ˌdʒi si `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) General Certificate of Education : have 9 GCEs 有9门学科的普通教育证书 * take GCE in 9 subjects 参加9科普通教育证书考试 * GCE O-level/A-level 普通级[高级]普通教育证书. Cf 参看 CSE, GCSE./ˌdʒiː siː es ˈiː; ˌdʒi si ɛs `i/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) General Certificate of Secondary Education. Cf 参看 CSE, GCE.abbr 缩写 = (pl Gdns) (in street names 用作街道名称) Gardens: 7 Windsor Gdns 温莎街7号./ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː; ˌdʒi di `pi/ abbr 缩写 = gross domestic product 国内生产总值. Cf 参看 GNP./ˌdʒiː diː ˈɑː(r); ˌdʒi di `ɑr/ abbr 缩写 = (formerly) German Democratic Republic (East Germany) （旧时）德意志民主共和国（东德）./gɪə(r); ˇɪr/ n  1 [U] equipment, clothing, etc needed for an expedition, a sport, etc （远征、运动等需用的）设备、装备、衣物等: All his camping gear was packed in the rucksack. 他的野营物品全都放在背囊里了. * We're only going for two days; you don't need to bring so much gear! 我们只去两天, 你不用带那么多东西! * wearing her party gear 穿着她赴宴的衣服.  2 [sing] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) piece or set of apparatus or machinery for a particular purpose 仪器; 器械; 装置: The landing-gear has jammed. 着陆装置发生故障. * winding gear for lifting heavy loads 起重绞盘装置.  3 (a) [C often pl 常作复数] set of toothed wheels which fit into another set to transmit power from a vehicle's engine to its road wheels （机动车辆的）传动装置, 排挡: Careless use of the clutch may damage the gears. 离合器使用不慎可能损坏传动装置. * The car has four forward gears and one reverse gear. 那汽车有四个前进挡和一个倒挡. * The car started with a crashing of gears, ie noise made by operating them badly. 那汽车开动时发出挂挡的　光当声（因操纵技术不佳所致）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] particular position or setting of the gear mechanism 传动装置的某位置或组合状态; 排挡: The car is in/out of gear, ie has the gears engaged/disengaged. 汽车挂上挡[未挂挡]. * low/bottom/first gear, ie used for starting a vehicle or climbing a slope 低速挡[头挡/第一挡]（用于车辆起动或爬坡） * high/top gear, ie used for high speeds 高速挡 * change gear 换排挡.  4 [U] (fig 比喻) degree of speed or efficiency 速度或效率的程度: The party organization is moving into top gear as the election approaches. 随着选举临近, 党组织的活动也如火如荼. * The athlete changed gear (ie suddenly accelerated) and shot ahead of the others. 该运动员突然加速, 冲到别人前面去了.

v (phr v) gear sth to/towards sth adapt sth to a particular need or to an appropriate level or standard 对某事物加以调节以适合某种需要或达到某种水平或标准: Industry must be geared to wartime needs. 工业必须调整以适应战时需要. * Our effort is geared to a higher level of production. 我们调整力量将生产推向更高的水平. gear down (of a driver) change to a lower gear so as to have better control （指驾驶员）换至较低一挡以便操纵. gear sth down (to sth) reduce sth in force or intensity （在力量或强度上）减低某事物: The period of exercise was geared down to ten minutes a day for men over 60. 60岁以上的人的锻炼时间减低到每日十分钟. gear up (for/to sth); gear sb/sth up (for/to sth) become or make sb/sth ready (for sth) （为某事物）（使）某人[某事物]准备好: The company's gearing up for the big export drive. 公司正为大规模出口作好准备. * I was all geared up (ie excitedly ready) to go on holiday, and now it's been cancelled. 我兴致勃勃地做好去度假的准备, 可是现在吹了. gearing/ 5gIErIN; `^IrIN/ n [U] set or arrangement of gears 齿轮装置; 传动装置: The gearing of this machine is unusual. 这机器的齿轮装置很特别.n movement from one position of the gear mechanism to another 换挡; 变速: a smooth gear-change 平稳的变速.(US usu 美式英语通常作 gearshift) ns lever used to engage, disengage or change gear 变速杆. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii, xiii.=> gear-levern case that encloses a vehicle's gear mechanism （车辆的）变速箱, 变速器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.n toothed wheel in a set of gears 齿轮./ˈgekəʊ; `ˇɛko/ n (pl ~s or  ~es) small house lizard, found in warm countries 壁虎./dʒiː; dʒi/ interj (also gee-up)/ dVi:5Qp; `dVi`Qp/ (used for telling a horse, etc to start, go on or go faster 吆喝马等起行、前行或快行的用语).

v (phr v) gee sb/sth up (infml 口) make sb/sth work or perform more quickly or efficiently 催促某人[某事物]更快地或更有效地工作.

/dʒiː; dʒi/ interj (also gee whiz) / 9dVi: 5wIz; 9dVi:`wIz/ (esp US) (used to express surprise, admiration, etc 用以表示惊奇、赞赏等): Gee, I like your new hat! 嘿, 我真喜欢你的新帽子!/ˈdʒiːdʒiː; `dʒidʒi/ n (used by and to small children) horse （儿语）马.pl of goose./ˈgiːzə(r); `ˇizɚ/ n (infml 口) man, esp an old one 人; （尤指）老头儿: that old geezer over there 那边的那个老头儿./ˈgaɪgə kaʊntə(r); `ˇaɪˇɚ ˌkaᴜntɚ/ device for detecting and measuring radioactivity 盖革计数器（探测放射能量的仪器）./ˈgeɪʃə; `ˇeʃə/ n Japanese girl trained to entertain men with conversation, dancing or singing （日本的）艺妓（陪男子谈话、表演歌舞者）./dʒel; dʒɛl/ n [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) semi-solid jelly-like substance 凝胶; 冻胶: bath-gel, hair-gel, ie jelly-like soap or shampoo 凝胶状皂、洗发液.

v (-ll-) [I]  1 set into a jelly 形成胶体; 胶凝; 胶化: This liquid gels faster in cold weather. 这种液体天冷时凝结得快些.  2 (fig 比喻) take definite form 成形: My ideas are beginning to gel. 我的想法逐渐形成了./ˈdʒelətiːn, -tɪn; `dʒɛlətin, -tɪn/ (also esp US gelatin / 5dVelEtIn; `dVZlEtn/) n [U] clear tasteless substance used for making jelly as food, manufacturing photographic film, etc 明胶; 凝胶./dʒəˈltɪnəs; dʒə`lætənəs/ adj like jelly 明胶状的; 胶状的: a gelatinous substance 胶状物质./geld; ˇɛld/ v [Tn] castrate (an animal) 阉割（动物）; 给（动物）去势或割除卵巢./ˈgeldɪŋ; `ˇɛldɪŋ/ n castrated animal, esp a horse 阉割过的动物（尤指马）. Cf 参看 stallion./ˈdʒelɪgnaɪt; `dʒɛlɪˇˌnaɪt/ n [U] powerful explosive made from nitric acid and glycerine 葛里炸药, 爆炸胶（一种含有硝酸和甘油的炸药）./dʒem; dʒɛm/ n  1 precious stone or jewel, esp when cut and polished 宝石（尤指经切割打磨的）: a crown studded with gems 镶宝石的皇冠.  2 (fig 比喻) thing highly valued for beauty or some other special quality 宝物; 精华; 珍品; 美丽绝伦的事物: This picture is the gem (ie the best) of the collection. 这幅画是收藏的珍品. * a gem of a place, ie an excellent place 胜地 * That restaurant is a little gem. 那餐厅是个小乐园. * She's a real gem! 她美如仙子!n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图./ˈdʒemɪnaɪ, -nɪ; `dʒɛməˌnaɪ/ n  1 [U] the third sign of the zodiac, the Twins 双子宫（黄道第三宫）.  2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属双子宫星座的人. n precious or semi-precious stone, esp before cutting into shape 宝石或次宝石（尤指未经琢磨成形的）.abbr 缩写 = General: Gen (Stanley) Armstrong （史坦雷·）阿姆斯特朗将军./dʒen; dʒɛn/ n [U] ~ (on sth) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) information 情报; 资料; 消息: Give me the gen on this new project. 把这新项目的资料给我.

v (-nn-) (phr v) gen (sb) up (on sth) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) obtain information or provide (sb) with information (about sth) 获得情报; 给某人（关于某事物的）资料: He is fully genned up on the new project. 他充分了解新工程的情况./ˈʒɒndɑːm; `ʒɑndɑrm/ n member of a military force employed on police duties, esp in France and French-speaking countries 宪兵（尤指法国及法语国家中的）./ʒɒnˈdɑːmərɪ; ʒɑn`dɑrmərɪ/ n  1 [pl v] whole body of gendarmes 宪兵（总称）.  2 [C] headquarters of a body of gendarmes 宪兵队队部; 宪兵司令部./ˈdʒendə(r); `dʒɛndɚ/ n [C, U]  1 (grammar)(in certain languages) classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or feminine （某些语言的）性（名词或代词分为阳性和阴性）: There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有三性: 阳性、阴性和中性. * In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender. 法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致.  2 (fml 文) sexual classification; sex （生理上的）性别分类, 性: the male and female genders 男性和女性./dʒiːn; dʒin/ n (biology 生) unit in a chromosome which controls heredity 基因: a dominant/recessive gene 显性[隐性]基因 * have sth in one's genes, ie have an inherited quality 在遗传基因中具有某种性质./ˌdʒiːnɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl; ˌdʒinɪə`lɑdʒɪkl/ adj concerned with tracing family descent 家谱的; 宗谱的: a genealogical expert 家谱学家 * genealogical evidence, proof, records, etc 家谱关系证据、证明、记录等 * agenealogical table/tree, ie a diagram with branches showing a family's ancestry 家谱表[家系图]. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./ˌdʒiːnɪˈlədʒɪst; ˌdʒinɪ`ælədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in genealogy 家谱学的研究者; 家谱学家./ˌdʒiːnɪˈlədʒɪ; ˌdʒinɪ`ælədʒɪ/ n  1 [U] study of family history, showing who the ancestors of particular people were and how they were related to each other 家谱学; 宗谱学.  2 [C] (diagram showing a) particular person's ancestry 家谱; 宗谱.pl of genus./ˈdʒenrəl; `dʒɛnərəl/ adj  1 (a) affecting all or most people, places or things 普遍的; 全面的: a generallowering of standards 标准的全面降低 * The announcement was met with general rejoicing. 该项宣布受到普遍的欢迎. * a matter of general interest, concern, etc 公众感兴趣、关心等的事情 * Once quite rare, they are now in general use, ie used by most people. 那些东西一度非常罕见, 现在已普遍使用. * That man's a general nuisance, ie to most people at most times. 那男子处处招人讨厌. * the general public, ie the majority of (ordinary) people 人民大众 * a general meeting, strike, etc 全体会议、总罢工 * The bad weather has been fairly general, ie has affected most areas. 这恶劣的天气影响大部分地区. * The general impression was (ie Most people thought) that it had improved. 普遍认为情况已有改善. (b) [attrib 作定语] not limited to one part or aspect of a person or thing or to a particular time; overall 整体的（不局限于一人, 一事或一时）; 总的: There is still some weakness in the legs, but her general condition is good. 她双腿仍有些软弱无力, 但总的情况尚好. * The opening chapter gives a general overview of the subject. 开篇第一章是对主题的概述. * The old building was in a general state ofdecay/disrepair. 这古老建筑物整体上已残破了[失修].2 (a) not specialized in subject matter 非专门的; 一般的; 普遍的: a general degree 普通学位 * general knowledge,sciences, studies, etc 一般的知识、科学、研究等 * We kept the conversation/discussion fairly general. 我们谈话[讨论]的内容一直相当广泛. (b) [attrib 作定语] not specialized or limited in range of work, use, activity, etc 非专门的或不局限于某工作、用途、活动等范围的: a general hospital 综合医院 * the general reader 一般读者 * a general factotum, ie servant or assistant able to do all kinds of work 杂务总管.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] normal; usual 正常的; 常规的; 通常的: The general practice in such cases is to apply for a court order. 处理这类案件的常规做法是请求法院发出指令. * a general principle (ie one true of most cases) to which there may be several exceptions 可能有若干例外的一般原则 * In the general way of things (ie Usually) not much happens here. 通常此地不多见.  4 showing the chief aspects of sth; not detailed; vague 大致的; 不详细的; 笼统的: His description was too general to be of much use. 他的描述很笼统, 用处不大. * My general impression was that it was quite good. 大致上我觉得那相当好. * bear a general resemblance to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]大致相似 * speak/write in general terms 措辞笼统地说[写].  5 [attrib 作定语] (often in titles with a capital letter and following the n 常作大写, 用于头衔, 置名词之後) chief; head 总的; 首席的: the general manager 总经理 * the Attorney, Inspector, Governor, Secretary, etc General 首席检察官、监察长、总督、总书记.  6 (idm 习语) as a general `rule in most cases 在通常情况下; 一般而言. be caviare to the general => caviare. in `general mainly; mostly; usually 总的说来; 大体上; 通常: In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 总的说来, 她的作品不错, 不过这篇文章糟透了.

n army officer of very high rank, esp an officer in the British Army below the rank of field marshal 将军; （尤指英国的）陆军上将: a four-star general, ie in the US army 四星上将（美国陆军） * [attrib 作定语] General Roberts 罗伯茨上将. =>App 9 见附录9. generalship/ 5dVenrElFIp; `dVZnErEl9FIp/ n [U] skill and leadership (as) of a general, esp in battle 将军的才能, 将才（尤指作战中表现出的）.main meeting of representatives(of the United Nations, etc) （联合国等的）代表大会.(abbr 缩写 GCE) (certificate for passing) any of a range of examinations taken in Britain at the age of 16+ （在英国为16岁以上的人参加的）普通教育证书（的考试）. Cf 参看 Advanced level (advance2), A/S level, Ordinary level (ordinary).(abbr 缩写 GCSE) (certificate for passing) any of a range of examinations introduced in Britain in the late 1980s to replace both the Ordinary level GCE and the CSE 普通中等教育证书（的考试）（在英国80年代末采用, 以取代普通教育和中等教育的普通级考试）. Cf 参看 A/S level, Certificate of Secondary Education, General Certificate of Education.person who trades in all kinds of goods 杂贸商.national parliamentary election 大选; 普选. Cf 参看 by-election.(abbr 缩写 GHQ) main centre of military organization and supplies 总司令部.(abbr 缩写 GPO) (a) (formerly in Britain) national organization of postal services (now called the Post Office) （旧时英国的）邮政总局（现称邮政局）. (b) (Brit) main post office in a town 市邮政局.(Brit) medical treatment of all types of illness within the community (as opposed to hospital work or specialization in treating a particular sort of disease) 全科医师的业务（在社区中医治各科疾病的, 有别于医院的或专科的）. (abbr 缩写 GP) (Brit) doctor who is in general practice 全科医师.officers assisting a military commander at headquarters （司令部的）全体参谋.adj [attrib 作定语] that has a variety of uses 多用途的; 多功能的: a ,general-purpose `farm vehicle 多用农业机动车.=> generalization=> generalize=> generalized/ˌdʒenrəˈlɪsɪməʊ; ˌdʒɛnərəl`ɪsəˌmo/ n (pl ~s) commander of combined military and naval and air forces, or of combined armies 大元帅; 三军总司令; 联军总指挥./ˌdʒenəˈrlətɪ; ˌdʒɛnə`rælətɪ/ n  1 [C] general statement, esp one that is vague or indefinite 概述: speak in generalities 泛泛地说 * Unfortunately the treaty is full of generalities, and fails to get down to specifics. 遗憾的是条约很笼统, 订得不具体.  2 the generality [pl v] (fml 文) majority or greater part; most 主体; 大多数; 大部分: The generality of Swedes are blond. 瑞典人大部分是金发的.  3 [U] quality of being general 一般性; 普遍性: a rule of great generality, ie one with few exceptions 极具普遍性的规则（鲜有例外者）./ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -lɪˈz-;ˌdʒɛnərələ`zeʃən/ n [C, U] (statement based on) generalizing 归纳; 概括; 推想（的说法）: a speech full of sweeping generalizations 高度概括的讲话./ˈdʒenrəlaɪz; `dʒɛnərəlˌaɪz/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (about sth); ~ (sth) (from sth) draw (a general conclusion) from particular examples or evidence （从某些事例或证据中）归纳, 概括出（ 一般性结论）: You cannot generalize about the effects of the drug from one or two cases. 不能根据一两个病例就得出该药是否有效的结论. * generalize a conclusion from a set of facts 从一些事实中归纳出一项结论.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) make general statements for which there is little evidence 大体上说; 概括; 推想（没什么根据）: Europeans, if I may generalize, are all... 倘若我可以大致说说的话, 欧洲人都... * Perhaps you oughtn't to generalize about that. 也许你不该对那事一概而论.adj  1 widespread; general(1a) 广泛的; 普遍的; 全面的: Use of this drug is now fairly generalized. 这种药现在用得相当普遍.  2 not specific; general(1b) 非具体的; 整体的: a sort of generalized malaise 全身不适./ˈdʒenrəlɪ; `dʒɛnərəlɪ/ adv  1 by most people; widely 普遍地; 广泛地: He is generally popular. 他广受欢迎. * The plan was generally welcomed. 该计画大受欢迎.  2 in a general sense; without regard to details 一般意义上; 不考虑细节: Generally speaking, it's quite a fair settlement. 大致上说, 这样解决很恰当.  3 usually 通常地: I generally get up early. 我平常起得很早. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful./ˈdʒenəreɪt; `dʒɛnəˌret/ v [Tn] cause (sth) to exist or occur; produce 使（某物）存在或发生; 产生: generate heat, electricity, power, etc 产生热、电、动力等 * hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨 * grammatical rules for generating sentences 造句的语法规则./ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn; ˌdʒɛnə`reʃən/ n  1 [U] (a) production 产生; 发生: the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电 * the generation of heat by friction 摩擦生热. (b) (biology 生) production of living beings, esp offspring; procreation 繁殖; （尤指）生育後代.  2 [C] single stage in a family history （家史中的）一代: a family party at which all three generations were present, ie children, parents and grandparents 三代同堂的家庭聚会 * experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验.  3 [C, Gp] all people born at about the same time 代（大致在同一时期内出生的所有人）: My generation behaves differently from my father's and grandfather's. 我这一代人和我父辈及祖辈表现不同. * [attrib 作定语] a first-, second-, third-, etc generation American, ie sb who himself or whose parents or grandparents, etc emigrated to America 第一、第二、第三等代美国人（本人或其父母或其祖父母等移居美国者）.  4 [C] average period, usu considered to be 25-30 years, in which children grow up to become full adults 一代人的期间, 代（通常认为是从儿童长到成年人的25-30年间）: a generation ago 一代人之前 * within one generation 在一代人的期间内.  5 [C] single stage in the development of a type of product （产品类型的）代: the new generation of supersonic airliners 新一代的超音速客机 * [attrib 作定语] third-generation robots 第三代机器人./ˈdʒenərətɪv; `dʒɛnəˌrətɪv/ adj  1 able to produce; productive 能生产的; 有生产力的: generative processes 生产过程 * a generative grammar, ie one which gives rules for accounting for all possible sentences in a language 生成语法（对一语言中可能出现的所有句子提供规则的语法）.  2 (biology 生) concerned with reproduction 生殖的: generative organs 生殖器官./ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r); `dʒɛnəˌretɚ/ n  1 (Brit) (US dynamo) machine for producing electrical energy 发电机: The generator has started up/broken down. 发电机已开动[出现故障].  2 machine or apparatus that produces steam, gas, vapour, etc （蒸汽、煤气等的）发生器.  3 person who generates or originates 生产者; 生殖者; 创始者: a generator of new ideas 新思想的创立者./dʒɪˈnerɪk; dʒə`nɛrɪk/ adj shared by or including a whole group or class; not specific 属的; 类的; 一般的: The generic term for wine, spirits and beer is `alcoholic beverages'. 葡萄洒、烈性洒、啤酒的通称是酒类饮料. /dʒɪˈnerɪklɪ; dʒə`nɛrɪklɪ/ adv./ˌdʒenəˈrɒsətɪ; ˌdʒɛnə`rɑsətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being generous 慷慨; 大方; 宽容.  2 [C] generous act 慷慨或宽容的行为./ˈdʒenərəs; `dʒɛnərəs/ adj (approv 褒)  1 giving or ready to give freely 慷慨的; 大方的: generous with one's money/in giving help 用钱大方的[慷慨助人的] * It was generous of you to share your food with me. 你把食物与我分享, 真慷慨.  2 given freely; plentiful 慷慨给予的; 大量的; 丰富的: a generous gift, offer, increase 丰厚的礼物、慷慨的提议、大量的增加 * a generous helping of potatoes 一大份马铃薯.  3 free from meanness or prejudice; magnanimous 心地高尚的; 无偏见的; 宽宏大量的: a generous mind, spirit, etc 高尚的心、精神等 * A wise ruler is generous in victory. 贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量. > generously adv: Please give generously. 请慷慨施予. * a dress cut generously, ie using plenty of material 用料多的连衣裙./ˈdʒenəsɪs; `dʒɛnəsɪs/ n (pl geneses/ 5dVenEsi:z; `dVZnEsiz/)  1 (fml 文) beginning; starting-point; origin 起源; 开端; 创始: the genesis of civilization 文明的起源.  2 Genesis (Bible 圣经) the first book of the Old Testament, describing the creation of the world 《创世记》（《旧约》首卷）./dʒɪˈnetɪk; dʒə`nɛtɪk/ adj of genes; of genetics 基因的; 遗传学的: genetic information, material, etc 遗传信息、物质等.system of storage of genetic information in chromosomes 遗传密码.deliberate changes made to hereditary features by altering the structure or position of individual genes 遗传工程./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: genetically determined, linked, etc 由基因决定的、与遗传有关的./dʒɪˈnetɪsɪst; dʒə`nɛtəsɪst/ n specialist in genetics 遗传学家./dʒɪˈnetɪks; dʒə`nɛtɪks/ n [sing v] scientific study of the ways in which characteristics are passed from parents (or, in plants, from parent stock) to their offspring 遗传学./ˈdʒiːnɪəl; `dʒinjəl/ adj  1 kindly; pleasant; sociable 和蔼的; 亲切的; 友好的: a genial person, manner, smile 和蔼可亲的人、举止、微笑.  2 (of climate) mild; warm; favourable to growth （指气候）温和的, 温暖的, 利于生长的: the genial air of the Pacific Islands 太平洋岛屿上温暖的空气./ˌdʒiːnɪˈlətɪ; ˌdʒinɪ`ælətɪ/ n  1 [U] quality of being genial 和蔼; 亲切; 友好.  2 [C] genial act, look or remark 和蔼可亲的行为、表情或言语./ˈdʒiːnɪəlɪ; `dʒinjəlɪ/ adv./ˈdʒiːnɪ; `dʒinɪ/ n (pl ~s or  genii / 5dVi:nIaI;`dVinI9aI/) (in Arabian stories) spirit or goblin with strange powers （阿拉伯故事中的）神怪, 妖怪./ˈdʒenɪtl; `dʒɛnətl/ adj [attrib 作定语] (medical or fml 医或文) of animal reproduction or reproductive organs （动物）生殖的, 生殖器的: the genital area 阴部 * genital stimulation 生殖器的刺激./ˈdʒenɪtlz; `dʒɛnətəlz/ (also genitalia / 9dVenI5teIlIE; 9dVZnI`telIE/) n [pl] (fml 文) external sex organs 外生殖器./ˈdʒenətɪv; `dʒɛnətɪv/ n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in certain inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp possession 属格, 所有格（某些屈折语中的一种格, 尤用以表示属有关系）. Cf 参看 possessive n 2.

adj of or in the genitive 属格的; 所有格的: The genitive forms of the pronouns `I', `we' and `she' are `my/mine', `our/ours' and `her/hers'. 代词I、we、she的所有格形式是my/mine、our/ours 、her/hers./ˈdʒiːnɪəs; `dʒinjəs/ n (pl geniuses)  1 (a) [U] exceptionally great mental or creative ability 天才; 创造力: a man of genius 才子 * It is rare to find such genius nowadays. 这样的天才现在非常罕见. (b) [C] person who has this ability 天才人物: Einstein was a mathematical genius. 爱因斯坦是数学天才. * He is hard-working and able, but no genius. 他勤奋、能干, 但决非天才.  2 [sing] a ~ for (doing) sth exceptional natural ability for sth 对（做）某事物的天生的非凡才能: have a genius for languages, making friends, saying the wrong thing 有学语言的、交朋友的、说错话的本事.  3 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (a) guardian spirit (of a person, a place or an institution) 守护神. (b) (fml 文) special character, spirit or principles of a language, a period of time, an institution, a nation, etc （语言、时代、制度、民族等的）特点, 特徵, 精神, 原则: the genius of the English language, of the age 英语语言的、时代的特点.  4 (idm 习语) one's good/evil `genius person or spirit supposed to have a strong influence on one for good or for evil 对自己好坏有极大影响的人或神魔: Blame it on my evil genius! 都怪我中了邪魔了!/ˈdʒenəsaɪd; `dʒɛnəˌsaɪd/ n [U] deliberate extermination of a nation or race of people 种族灭绝./ˈʒɑːnrə; `ʒɑnrə/ n particular style or kind, esp of works of art or literature grouped according to their form or subject matter 种类; 类型; （尤指按形式或主题划分的文艺作品的）风格, 体裁: The novel and short story are different genres. 长篇小说和短篇故事是不同的类别.n [U] style of painting that shows scenes, etc from ordinary life 世态画, 风俗画（以日常生活为题材的）./dʒent; dʒɛnt/ n  1 [C] (infml or joc 口或谑) gentleman 先生; 绅士: This way, please, gents! 先生, 请这边走!  2 gents [pl] (esp in shops) men （尤用于商店中）男子: a gents' hairdresser, outfitter, etc 男宾理发师、出售男子服装的商店.  3 a/the Gents [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (Brit infml 口) public lavatory for men 男厕所: Where's the Gents? 男厕所在哪儿?/dʒenˈtiːl; dʒɛn`til/ adj  1 (derog 贬) polite or refined in an affected or exaggerated way （做作或过分显示）文雅的, 有礼貌的, 有教养的: She is too genteel for words! 她说话太咬文嚼字了!  2 (dated 旧) of the upper social classes 上流社会的: living in genteel poverty, ie trying to maintain the style of upper-class living, thoughtoo poor to do so 过穷酸的上流社会生活. /dʒenˈtiːllɪ; dʒɛn`tillɪ/ adv./ˈdʒenʃn; `dʒɛnʃən/ n [C, U] plant with blue flowers that grows in mountainous districts 龙胆属植物（长于山地, 开紫蓝色花）.dye used as an antiseptic, esp in the treatment of burns 龙胆紫（用作杀菌剂, 尤用于治疗烧伤、烫伤者）./ˈdʒentaɪl; `dʒɛntaɪl/ n, adj (person who is) not Jewish 非犹太人（的）./dʒenˈtɪlətɪ; dʒɛn`tɪlətɪ/ n [U] (approv or ironic 褒或反语) genteel manners and behaviour; social superiority 文雅风度; 彬彬有礼; 高贵的社会地位或身分: He thinks fine clothes are a mark of gentility. 他认为衣着讲究是身分高贵的标志./ˈdʒentl; `dʒɛntl/ adj (-r / 5dVentlE(r); `dVZntlL/, -st / 5dVentlIst; `dVZntlIst/)  1 (a) mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe 温和的; 慈祥的; 小心的; 温柔的; 文雅的; 轻轻的: a gentle person, manner, voice, look 温和的人、举止、声音、样子 * a doctor who is gentle with his hands 手法轻巧的医师 * (sexist 性别偏见) the gentle (ie female) sex 女性 * be gentle with animals, children, etc 对动物、儿童等温和 * Be gentle with my best china! 对我最心爱的瓷器要轻拿轻放! (b) (of weather, temperature, etc) mild; temperate （指天气、温度等）温和的, 暖和的: a gentle breeze 和风 * gentle rainfall 细雨 * a gentle heat 温暖.  2 not steep or abrupt 不陡峭的; 和缓的: a gentle slope 缓坡.  3 (dated 旧) (of a family) with good social position （指家庭）门弟高的, 上层阶级的: of gentle birth 出身名门的.n [pl v] (dated 旧) people belonging to respected upper-class families 出身名门的人; 上流人士./ˈdʒentlmən; `dʒɛntlmən/ n (pl -men/-mEn; -mEn/)  1 [C] (approv or ironic 褒或反语) man who is polite and shows consideration for the feelings of other people; man who always acts in an honourable way 绅士; 先生; 君子: Thank you. You're a real gentleman. 谢谢. 您真是君子. * He's no gentleman! 他可不是正人君子! Cf 参看 lady.  2 (a) gentlemen [pl] (fml 文) (as a polite form of address to men 用作对男性的尊称): Gentlemen of the jury! 陪审团诸位先生! * Ladies and gentlemen! eg when beginning a speech. 女士们、先生们! (b) [C] (as a polite way of referring to a man 用作对男子的尊称): There's a gentleman at the door. . =>Usage at lady 用法见lady.  3 [C] (dated 旧) man of wealth and social position, esp one who does not work for a living 富绅; （尤指无需谋生的）富贵闲人: a country gentleman 乡间富绅 * [attrib 作定语] a gentleman farmer, ie one who owns a farm, but does no manual work himself 乡绅（有农场而不参加体力劳动者）.n (Brit) one of the sovereign's bodyguard （君主或国王的）侍卫.adj (approv 褒) of or like a gentleman(1) 绅士风度的; 似绅士的: of gentlemanly appearance 绅士风貌的 * gentlemanly behaviour 绅士般的举止./ˈdʒentlnɪs; `dʒɛntlnɪs/ n [U]./ˈdʒentlwʊmən; `dʒɛntlˌwᴜmən/ n (pl -women / -wImIn; -9wImIn/) (arch 古) lady 女士./ˈdʒentlɪ; `dʒɛntlɪ/ adv  1 in a gentle(1a) manner 温和地; 慈祥地; 温柔地; 文雅地; 轻轻地: handle sth gently 轻拿轻放某物 * speak to sb gently 对某人轻声细语地谈话 * The beach slopes gently to the sea. 沙滩缓缓伸展入海.  2 (idm 习语) easy/gently does it => easy2./ˈdʒentrɪfaɪ; `dʒɛntrɪˌfaɪ/ v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (infml 口) restore and smarten (a house, an area, etc) to make it suitable for middle-class residents 将（房子、地方等）翻修和装饰（以适合中产阶级的人居住）./ˈdʒentrɪ; `dʒɛntrɪ/ n [pl v] (usu 通常作 the gentry) people of good social position next below the nobility 绅士; 上等人./ˈdʒenjuːflekt; `dʒɛnjᴜˌflɛkt/ v [I] (fml 文) bend the knee, esp in worship 屈膝, 下跪（尤指礼拜）. /ˌdʒenjuːˈflekʃn; ˌdʒɛnjᴜ`flɛkʃən/ n [C, U]./ˈdʒenjʊɪn; `dʒɛnjᴜɪn/ adj  1 real; truly what it is said to be; not fake or artificial 真的; 名副其实的; 非伪造的; 非人工的: a genuine Rubens, ie a painting definitely by Rubens himself, not by an imitator 鲁宾斯的亲笔画 * a genuine pearl 一颗天然珍珠.  2 (fig 比喻) sincere; honest 真诚的; 诚实的: She seems genuine but can I trust her? 她似乎很诚实, 但我可以信赖她吗? adv: genuinely sorry 真抱歉. n [U]./ˈdʒiːnəs; `dʒinəs/ n (pl genera / 5dVenErE;`dVZnErE/)  1 (biology 生) group of animals or plants within a family(4), often itself subdivided into several species(1) （动植物的）属. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9.  2 (infml 口) kind; type 类; 种; 型.comb form 构词成分 of the earth 地球的; 土地的: geocentric * geography * geology./ˌdʒiːəʊˈsentrɪk; ˌdʒio`sɛntrɪk/ adj  1 having the earth as its centre 以地球为中心的: a geocentric view of the universe 以地球为中心的宇宙观.  2 measured from the centre of the earth 自地心测量的./dʒɪˈɒgrəfə(r); dʒi`ɑˇrəfɚ/ n student of or expert in geography 地理学研究者或专家./ˌdʒɪəˈgræfɪkl; ˌdʒiə`ˇræfɪkl/ adj of or relating to geography 地理（学）的; 关于地理（学）的: geographical features, research 地理特徵、研究. /-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv./dʒɪˈɒgrəfɪ; dʒi`ɑˇrəfɪ/ n  1 [U] scientific study of the earth's surface, physical features, divisions, climate, products, population, etc 地理学: physical/political/social geography 自然[政治/社会]地理学 * [attrib 作定语] a geography book, student, lecture 研究地理的书、学生、讲座.  2 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (infml 口) arrangement of the features of a place （某处的）地形, 地势: getting to know the geography of a neighbourhood, house, kitchen, etc, ie where things are in relation to each other 了解邻居的环境、房屋的布局、厨房的安排等./dʒɪˈɒlədʒɪst; dʒi`ɑlədʒɪst/ n student of or expert in geology 地质学研究者或专家./dʒɪˈɒlədʒɪ; dʒi`ɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] scientific study of the earth's crust, rocks, strata, etc and of the history of its development 地质学: [attrib 作定语] a geology course, department, field-trip 地质课程、系、考察旅行./dʒɪəˈmetrɪk; ˌdʒiəmɛtrɪk/ (also geometrical / -Ikl; -Ikl/) adj of geometry; of or like the lines, figures, etc used in geometry 几何（学）的; （似）几何线条、图形等的: a geometric design 几何图形设计./-klɪ; -klɪ/ adv. geometric progressionordered set of numbers in which each is multiplied or divided by a fixed number to produce the next, as 1, 3, 9, 27, 81 几何级数; 等比级数. Cf 参看 arithmetic progression (arithmetic)./dʒɪˈɒmətrɪ; dʒi`ɑmətrɪ/ n [U] branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and relations of lines, angles, surfaces and solids 几何（学）: [attrib 作定语] a geometry set, ie a collection of the instruments needed for drawing geometric figures 一套几何学绘图仪./ˌdʒɪəʊˈfɪzɪkl; ˌdʒio`fɪzɪkl/ adj. /ˌdʒɪəʊ-ˈfɪzəsɪst; ˌdʒio`fɪzɪsɪst/ n./ˌdʒɪəʊˈfɪzɪks; ˌdʒio`fɪzɪks/ n [sing v] scientific study of the physics of the earth, eg itsmagnetism, meteorology 地球物理学. /ˌdʒɪəʊpəˈlɪtɪkl; ˌdʒiopə`lɪtɪkəl/ adj of geopolitics 地理政治（学）的; 地缘政治（学）的./ˌdʒɪəʊˈpɒlətɪks; ˌdʒio`pɑlətɪks/ n [sing v] study of how politics is affected by geographical factors 地理政治学; 地缘政治学./dʒɔːdʒ; dʒɔrdʒ/ n (idm 习语) by George! (dated 旧 Brit) (used as an exclamation of surprise or approval 用作表示惊奇或赞成的感叹语).(Brit) decorations for bravery awarded esp to civilians 乔治勋章（表彰平民勇敢行为者）.=> George Cross/dʒɔːˈdʒet; dʒɔr`dʒɛt/ n [U] thin silky dress-material 乔其纱./ˈdʒɔːdʒən; `dʒɔrdʒən/ adj (Brit) of the time of the British kings George I - IV (1714-1830) 乔治一世至四世时代（1714-1830）的: a Georgian house 乔治王朝时代的房子 * Georgian furniture 乔治王朝时代的家具./dʒəˈreɪnɪəm; dʒə`renɪəm/ n garden plant with red, pink or white flowers 老鹳草, 天竺葵（园艺植物, 开红色、粉红色或白色花）./ˌdʒerɪˈætrɪk; ˌdʒɛrɪ`ætrɪk/ adj of or relating to geriatrics 老年医学的; 老年病学的; 老年保健学的: the geriatric ward of a hospital 医院中的老年人病房./ˌdʒerɪəˈtrɪʃn; ˌdʒɛrɪə`trɪʃən/ n doctor specializing in geriatrics 老年医学专家; 老年病学专家; 老年保健学专家./ˌdʒerɪˈætrɪks; ˌdʒɛrɪ`ætrɪks/ n [sing v] branch of medicine dealing with the diseases and care of old people 老年医学; 老年病学; 老年保健学./dʒɜːm; dʒɝm/ n  1 [C] portion of a living organism capable of becoming a new organism; embryo of a seed 胚芽; 芽孢; 胚.  2 [C] micro-organism, esp one capable of causing disease 微生物; 细菌; （尤指）病菌: Disinfectant kills germs. 消毒剂可杀菌. * [attrib 作定语] germ warfare, ie the use of harmful bacteria as a weapon of war 细菌战.  3 [sing] the ~ of sth (fig 比喻) beginning from which sth may develop （某物的）发端, 起源, 萌芽: the germ of an idea 一种想法的发端.= biological warfare (biological)./ˈdʒɜːmən; `dʒɝmən/ adj of Germany, its culture, its language or its people 德国的; 德国文化的; 德语的; 德国人的: German industry, traditions, grammar 德国工业、德意志传统、德语语法.

n  1 [C] German person 德国人; 德意志人.  2 [U] language spoken in Germany, Austria and part of Switzerland 德语（德国、奥地利和瑞士部分地区通行的语言）.(infml 口) mild contagious disease causing red spots all over the body 风疹.(US) = Alsatian./dʒəˈmeɪn; dʒɚ`men/ adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) relevant 有关: remarks that are germane to the discussion 与讨论有关的言语./dʒəˈmænɪk; dʒɚ`mænɪk/ adj having German characteristics 有德国（人）特点的; 德语的; 日耳曼（人、民族、语族）的: Germanic features, attitudes 德国人特徵、态度 * the Germanic languages, ie the group including German, Dutch, English, etc 日耳曼诸语言（包括德语、荷兰语、英语等）./ˌdʒɜːmɪˈsaɪdl; ˌdʒɝmə`saɪdl/ adj./ˈdʒɜːmɪsaɪd; `dʒɝməˌsaɪd/ n [C, U]substance used for killing germs 杀菌剂. /ˈdʒɜːmɪnl; `dʒɝmənl/ adj in the earliest stage of development 处于萌芽状态的; 初级阶段的: in a germinal form 处于初级形式./ˈdʒɜːmɪneɪt; `dʒɝməˌnet/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) start growing （使某物）发芽, 萌芽: The cabbages germinated within a week. 白菜一星期内就发芽了. * to germinate cabbages, beans, etc 使白菜、豆子等发芽./ˌdʒɜːmɪˈneɪʃn; ˌdʒɝmə`neʃən/ n [U] germinating; sprouting （使）发芽, 萌芽./ˌdʒerɒnˈtɒlədʒɪ; ˌdʒɛrən`tɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] scientific study of old age and the process of growing old 老年学（对年老和衰老的研究）./ˈdʒerɪmændə(r); `dʒɛrɪˌmændɚ/ v [Tn] (derog politics 贬, 政) arrange the boundaries of or divide (an area) for voting in order to give unfair advantages to one party in an election （为使某政党在选举中取得优势）不公正地将（某地区）划成或分成选区.

n [C] such a rearrangement 对选区做出的不公正重新划分.n [U] making such a rearrangement 对选区作不公正的重新划分: There has been some gerrymandering. 对选区已作出某些不公正的重新划分./ˈdʒerənd; `dʒɛrənd/ n = verbal noun (verbal)./geˈstɑːpəʊ; ˇə`stɑpo/ n the Gestapo [Gp] German secret police of the Nazi regime 盖世太保（德国纳粹时期的秘密警察）./dʒeˈsteɪʃn; dʒɛs`teʃən/ n  1 (a) [U] carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth 怀孕; 妊娠: [attrib 作定语] Elephants have a gestation period of about 624 days. 象的怀孕期大约为624日. (b) [sing] period of time taken by this怀孕期; 妊娠期.  2 [U] (fig 比喻) development of an idea, a work of art, etc （思想、艺术作品等的）酝酿,孕育./dʒeˈstɪkjʊleɪt; dʒɛs`tɪkjəˌlet/ v [I] move the hands or arms (usu rapidly) instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words 做手势（通常为迅速地）示意或强调: He was gesticulating wildly at me, but I could not understand what he was trying to tell me. 他使劲向我做手势, 可是我不明白他的意思./dʒeˌstɪkjʊˈleɪʃn; ˌdʒɛstɪkjə`leʃən/ n  1 [U] gesticulating 做手势; 做示意动作.  2 [C]movement used in this 手势; 示意动作: wild gesticulations明显的手势./ˈdʒestʃə(r); `dʒɛstʃɚ/ n  1 [C, U] expressive movement of a part of the body, esp the hand or head 姿势; 手势: make a rude gesture 做出粗野的姿势 * with a gesture of despair 用表示绝望的姿势 * communicating by gesture 用手势表达.  2 [C] (fig 比喻) action showing one's (usu friendly) intentions or attitude 示意的或 表明态度的（通常为友好的）动作或姿势: a gesture of sympathy 同情的态度 * The invitation was meant as a friendly gesture. 那邀请是友好的表示.

v  1 [I] make expressive movements 做表意的动作: to gesture with one's hands 做手势.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f, Dpr.t] ~ sth (to sb) convey sth by making gestures 以姿势表示某意: She gestured her disapproval. 她用姿势表示不赞成. * He gestured (to me) that it was time to go. 他向我示意该走了. * He gestured to them to keep quiet, ie told them to do so by making gestures. 他示意要他们保持安静./get; ˇɛt/ v (-tt-, pt got / gCt; ^Bt/, pp got; US gotten / 5gCtn; `^Btn/)

RECEIVING OR OBTAINING 接到或得到  1 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] receive (sth) 收到, 接到（某物）: I got a letter from my sister this morning. 今晨我接到妹妹的信. * Did you get my postcard? 你收到我的明信片了吗? * What did you get for Christmas? 你收到什么圣诞节礼物了吗? * He gets (ie earns) ￡25000 a year. 他每年收入25000英镑. * This room gets very little sunshine. 这房间没什么阳光. * Schoolteachers get long holidays. 中小学教师有长假. * He got (ie was hit by) a bullet in the thigh. 他大腿中弹. * She got a shock when she saw the telephone bill. 她看到电话帐单大吃一惊. * I got the impression that he was bored with his job. 我得到的印象是他对工作感到厌倦.  2 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] (a) ~ sth (for oneself/sb) obtain sth 得到某事物: Where did you get (ie buy) that skirt? 你那条裙子是从哪儿买的? * Did you manage to get tickets for the concert? 你弄到音乐会的票了吗? * She opened the door wider to get a better look. 她为了看得更清楚, 把门开大了一些. * Try to get some sleep. 去睡一会儿吧. * He doesn't look as though he gets enough exercise. 他似乎缺乏锻炼. * Johnson got (ie won) the gold medal in the 100 metres. 约翰逊获得百米金牌. * She's just got (ie been appointed to) a job with a publishing company. 她刚得到在出版公司的工作. * Why don't you get (yourself) a flat of your own? 你为什么不弄套房子? * Have you remembered to get your mother a birthday present/to get a birthday present for your mother? 记得给你母亲买生日礼物了吗? (b) ~ sb/sth (for oneself/sb) fetch sb/sth 接（某人）; 取（某物）: Go and get a dictionary and we'll look the word up. 去拿词典来, 我们查查这个字. * Somebody get a doctor! I think this woman's had a heart attack. 谁去把医生找来! 我看这女人心脏病发作了. * I have to go and get my mother (ie collect her in a car) from the station. 我要到车站接母亲. * Could you get me that book (down) from the top shelf? 请你把最高一格的那本书给我取（下）好吗?  * Can I get you a drink/get a drink for you? 我给您弄点什么喝好吗?  3 [no passive 不用于被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) obtain or receive (an amount of money) by selling sth （卖某物）得到或收到（钱）: `How much did you get for your old car?' `I got ￡800 (for it).' ｀你的旧汽车卖了多少钱?＇｀卖了800英镑.  4 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] receive (sth) as a punishment 受到（某种）惩罚: He got ten years (ie was sentenced to ten years in prison) for armed robbery. 他因械劫罪被判十年徒刑.  5 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (a) be able to receive broadcasts from (a particular television or radio station) 收听或收看到（某电视台或电台的）节目: We can't get Channel 4 on our television. 我们的电视机收看不到第4频道的节目. (b) be connected with (sb) by telephone （与某人）接通电话: I wanted to speak to the manager but I got his secretary instead. 我想找经理说话, 可是接电话的是他的秘书.  6 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] regularly buy (a newspaper) 定期买（报纸）: Do you get `The Times' or the `Guardian'? 你经常买《泰晤士报》还是《卫报》?  7 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] become infected with (an illness); suffer from or be affected by (a pain, etc) 感染（某病）; 患（病）; 受（疼痛等）侵袭: get bronchitis, flu, measles, etc 患支气管炎、流感、麻疹等 * She gets (ie regularly suffers from) bad headaches. 她经常头痛.  8 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] achieve or be awarded (the specified examination grade, class of degree, etc) （考试）达到（某等级）; 获授予（某学位）: She got a first in English at Oxford. 她在牛津大学学习英文, 获优等学位.

REACHING OR BRINGING TO A PARTICULAR STATE OR CONDITION 达到或使处于某状态或情况  9 (a) [La] reach the specified state or condition; become 达到某状态或情况; 变得: get angry, bored, hungry, worried, etc 发怒、生厌、饥饿、不安 * get fat, fit, thinner, etc 发胖、健康、变瘦 * It/The weather is getting colder. 天气渐冷. * She's getting better, eg after her illness. 她渐渐好了（如病後）. * You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的. * You'll soon get used to the climate here. 你很快就会习惯这里的气候. * We ought to go; it's getting late. 我们该走了, 天越来越晚了. =>Usage at become 用法见become. (b) [La, Cn.a] cause oneself to be in the specified state or condition 使自己处于某状态或情况: get dressed/undressed, ie put one's clothes on/take one's clothes off 穿上[脱下]衣服 * They plan to get married in the summer. 他们打算夏天结婚. * She's upstairs getting (herself) ready (to go out). 她在楼上（更衣）准备（外出）. (c) (used in place of be with a past participle to form passive constructions 代替be, 与过去分词连用构成被动结构): Do you think the Tories will get (ie be) re-elected? 你认为保守党能再次当选吗? * I wouldn't go there after dark; you might get (ie be) mugged. 天黑之後我就不到那里去了, 怕有人抢劫.  10 [Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be or become 使（某人[某事物]为）成: She soon got the children ready for school. 她很快帮孩子做好上学的准备. * I must get the dinner ready, ie prepare it. 我得把饭做好. * Don't get your new trousers dirty! 别把你的新裤子弄脏! * Don't let the incident get you upset. 别为这事烦恼. * Do you think you'll get the work finished on time? 你认为你的工作可以如期完成吗? * He got his wrist broken, ie broke it accidentally. 他扭伤了手腕. * I couldn't get the car started this morning. 今晨我无法把汽车发动起来. * Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发去! * She got her fingers caught in the door. 她的手指让门给夹了.

MAKING SOMETHING HAPPEN 使某事发生  11 [Cn.g] bring (sb/sth) to the point at which he/it is doing sth 使（某人[某事物]）做某事: Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能让那辆旧汽车再跑起来? * It's not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难, 难的是说开了止不住他!  12 [Cn.t] cause, persuade, etc (sb/sth) to do sth 使, 说服...（某人[某事物]）做某事: I couldn't get the car to start (ie make it start) this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来. * He got (ie persuaded) his sister to help him with his homework. 他说服他姐姐帮他做家庭作业. * You'll never get him to understand. 谁也无法让他明白. * I can't get her to talk at all. 我简直无法叫她说话.

REACHING THE POINT WHERE ONE DOES SOMETHING 做起某事来  13 (a) [Tg] reach thestage at which one is doing sth; start doing sth 做起某事来; 开始做某事: I got talking to her/We got talking. 我和她谈起话来了[我们谈起话来了]. * We got chatting and discovered we'd been at college together.我们聊起天来才发现我们原是校友. * get working on a problem 开始研究某问题 * You have an hour to clean the whole house -- so get scrubbing! 你只有一个小时来打扫整座房子--快开始擦洗吧! (b) [It] reach the point at which one feels, knows, is, etc sth 开始感觉到、认识、成为...某事物: You'll like her once you get to know her. 你一旦了解她, 就喜欢她了. * How did you get to know (ie discover or learn) that I was here? 你怎么知道我在这里? * One soon gets to like it here. 谁都会很快就喜欢这里的. * She's getting to be an old lady now. 她现在可算是位老妇人了. * After a time you get to realize that these things don't matter. 你过些时候就知道这些事无关紧要. * His drinking is getting to be a problem. 他酗酒越来越成问题了. * Your mother will be furious if she gets to hear of this. 你母亲若知此事定会怒不可遏.  14 [It] (esp US) have the chance or opportunity to do sth; manage to do sth 有做某事的时机; 设法做某事: Did you get to see the Louvre while you were in Paris? 你在巴黎时有机会参观罗浮宫吗? * One day we'll both get to see New York. 总有一天我俩都有机会看看纽约. * When do I get to go to a movie? 我什么时候才可以去看场电影?

MOVING OR CAUSING TO MOVE 移动或使移动  15 (a) [Ipr, Ip] move to or from a specified point or in a specified direction, sometimes with difficulty 到或离开某处或沿某方向移动（有时有困难）: The bridge was destroyed so we couldn't get across (ie cross) the river. 桥已毁坏, 我们无法过河. * She got back into bed. 她回到床上. * She got down from the ladder. 她从梯子上下来. * He got into the car. 他钻进汽车里. * Can you get over the wall? 你能爬过那堵墙吗? * We didn`t get (ie go) to bed till 3 am. 我们凌晨3时才上床睡觉. * I'm getting off (ie leaving the train) at the next station. 我下站下（火车）. * Where have they got to? ie Where are they? 他们到什么地方去了? * Please let me get by, ie pass. 请让我过去. * We must be getting home; it's past midnight. 我们得回家了, 已经半夜了. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb/sth) to move to or from a specified point or in a specified direction, sometimes with difficulty 使（某人[某事物]）到或离开（某处）或沿某方向移动（有时有困难）: The general had to get his troops across the river. 将军要使其部队过河. * We couldn't get the piano through the door. 我们无法将钢琴搬过这道门. * He's drunk again; we'd better call a taxi and get him home. 他又醉了, 最好叫辆计程车把他送回家去. * I can't get the lid on/off. 我盖不上[取不下]盖子. (c) [Ipr, Ip] ~ to/into...; ~ in arrive at or reach a place or point 来到或到达某地或某点: We got to London at 7 o'clock. 我们7点到达伦敦. * The train gets into Glasgow at 6 o'clock in the morning. 火车早晨6点到达格拉斯哥. * You got in/home very late last night. 昨夜你回来[回家]很晚. * What time did you get here? 你什么时候到这里的? * I haven't got very far with the book I'm reading. 那本书我还没读多少呢.  16 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] travel by (bus, taxi, plane, etc); take (a bus, etc) 乘（公共汽车、计程车、飞机等）: We're going to be late; let's get a taxi. 我们要迟到了, 坐计程车吧. * `How do you come to work?' `I usually get the bus.' ｀你怎么来上班的?＇｀一般坐公共汽车.＇

/get; ˇɛt/ v (-tt-, pt got / gCt; ^Bt/, pp got; US gotten / 5gCtn; `^Btn/)

OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义  17 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for oneself/sb) prepare (a meal) 准备（饭菜）: Don't disturb your mother while she's getting (the) dinner. 你母亲做饭时不要打搅她. * I have to go home and get the children their supper/get supper for the children. 我得回去给孩子做晚饭.  18 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) catch or seize (sb/sth) 抓住或捕获（某人[某物]）: He was on the run for a week before the police got him. 他逃跑一周後警方才逮住他. * get sb by the arm, scruff of the neck, throat, wrist, etc 抓住某人的胳膊、脖子的後部、喉咙、手腕等. (b) catch and harm, injure or kill (sb), often in revenge for sth 捉住并伤害或杀死（某人）（常指报复）: She fell overboard and the sharks got her. 她从船上跌落水中, 被鲨鱼咬了. * He thinks the Mafia are out to get him. 他意识到黑手党要来报复他. * I'll get you for that, you bastard! 我早晚要跟你算那笔帐, 你这坏蛋! (c) hit or wound (sb) 击中或伤（某人）: Where did the stone get you? 那石头砸到你哪儿了? * The bullet got him in the neck. 子弹击中他的颈部. * I got him on the back of the head with a crowbar. 我一撬棍打在他头的後部.  19 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (infml 口) (a) understand (sb/sth) 理解（某人[某事物]）: I don't get you/your meaning. 我不明白你的意思. * She didn't get the joke. 她没理解那个笑话. * I don't get it; why would she do a thing like that? 我不明白她为什么要做那种事. (b) hear (sth) 听见（某事物）: I didn't quite get what you said. 我没听清楚你说的话.  20 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] (infml 口) confuse or puzzle sb 使某人迷惑或困惑; 难住某人: `What's the capital of Luxembourg?' `I don't know; you've got me there!' ｀卢森堡的首都叫什么?＇｀我不知道, 这你可难住我了!＇  21 [Tn no passive 不用于被动语态] annoy or irritate (sb) 使（某人）烦恼或恼怒: It really gets me when she starts bossing people around. 她颐指气使地对人, 真叫我厌恶.  22 (idm 习语) be getting `on (a) (of a person) be/becoming old （指人）老, 变老: Grandma's getting on a bit and doesn't go out as much as she used to. 奶奶年事日高, 不像从前那样常出门了. (b) (of time) be/becoming late （指时间）晚, 渐迟: The time's getting on; we ought to be going. 时间渐晚, 我们该走了. be getting on for... be near to or approaching (the specified time, age or number) 接近（某时刻、年龄或数目）: It must be getting on for midnight. 八成已经半夜了. * He must be getting on for eighty! 他一定快八十了! sb can't/couldn't get over sth (infml 口) sb is/was shocked, surprised, amused, etc by sth 某人因某事物而震惊、惊异、觉得有趣等: I can't get over that shirt he was wearing. 我觉得他穿的那件衬衣真可笑. * I can't get over how rude she was. 她很粗野, 我仍心有余悸. get a`long/a`way/`on (with you) (infml 口) (used to express disbelief or to rebuke sb gently 用以表示不相信或温和的反驳): `How old are you?' `I'm forty.' `Get along with you! You don't look a day over thirty-five!' ｀你多少岁了?＇｀四十岁了.＇｀别瞎说了, 你看上去顶多三十五岁!＇ get a`way from it all (infml 口) have a short holiday in a place that is totally different from where one usu lives 到异地度短假. get (sb) anywhere/somewhere/nowhere (infml 口) (cause sb to) achieve something/nothing or to make progress/no progress （使某人）有所成就[毫无成就]或[有进展/无进展]: After six months' work on the project, at last I feel I'm getting somewhere. 那计画我搞了半年, 终于觉得有所进展. * Are you getting anywhere with your investigations?你的调查有进展吗? `get there achieve one's aim or complete a task by patience and hard work （耐心而努力地）达到目的或完成任务: I'm sure you'll get there in the end. 我相信你最终能成功. * Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we're getting there. 编写词典是费时费事的工作, 但我们一定能成功. how selfish, stupid, ungrateful, etc can you `get? (infml 口) (used to express surprise, disbelief or disapproval that sb has been so selfish, etc 用以表示对某人自私等的惊讶、不相信或不赞成): He wouldn't even lend me ten pence; how mean can you get? 他连十便士都不肯借给我, 你看他有多小气? there's no getting away from sth; one can't get away from sth one has to admit the truth of (sth unpleasant) 只好承认或接受（不愉快的事实）: There's no getting away from the fact that the country's economy is suffering. 国家经济疲软, 这一事实无法回避. (For other idioms containing get, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与get搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 get sb's goat => goat; get square with sb => square1.) 23 (phr v) get a`bout (also get a`round) (be able to) move from place to place （能）各处走动: He's getting about again after his accident. 他在事故过後, 渐渐又能走动了. * She doesn't get around much these days. 近来她不大各处走动. get a`bout/a`round/`round (of news, a rumour, etc) spread from person to person; circulate （指消息、谣言等）传播, 流传: The news of her resignation soon got about. 她辞职的消息不久就传开了.(a) (cause sb to) leave a place or start a journey （使某人）离开某地或出发: We got off immediately after breakfast. 我们吃完早餐就动身了. * get the children off to school 打发孩子上学. (b) (cause sb to) fall asleep （使某人）入睡: I had great difficulty getting off to sleep last night. 昨夜我翻来覆去难以入睡. * She got the baby off (to sleep) by rocking it. 她摇着婴儿哄他入睡. get off (sth) leave (work) with permission 下班: I normally get off (work) at 5.30. 我通常是5点30分下班. * Could you get off (work) early tomorrow? 明天你可以提前下班吗? get off sth stop discussing (a particular subject) 不再讨论（某事）: Please can we get off the subject of dieting? 我们别讨论节食了行吗? get sth off send sth by post 邮寄某物: I must get these letters off by the first post tomorrow. 我这些信必须随明天首批邮件寄出. get sth off (sth) remove sth from sth 从某物上移去某物: Her finger was so swollen that she couldn't get her ring off. 她手指肿得褪不下戒指来. get off (with sth) escape or nearly escape injury in an accident （在事故中）幸免于难或无大恙: She was lucky to get off with just a few bruises. 她幸免于难, 只是有几处擦伤. get (sb) off (with sth) (infml 口) (cause sb to) escape or nearly escape punishment （使某人）免受惩罚或获得从轻发落: A good lawyer might be able to get you off. 请位好律师有可能使你免受追究. * He got off with a small fine. 他交了一小笔罚款了事. * She was lucky to get off with a suspended sentence. 她侥幸被判缓刑. get off with sb; get `off (together) (Brit infml 口) have a sexual or romantic experience with sb 和某人有性关系或谈恋爱: Steve got off with Tracey/Steve and Tracey got off (together) at Denise's party. 史蒂夫和特蕾西在丹尼斯的聚会中搞上了.(cause sth to) be communicated or understood （使某事）传播或为人理解: Your meaning didn't really get across. 你的意思别人并未真正理解. * He's not very good at getting his ideas across. 他不善于表达思想.have too high an opinion of oneself 自视甚高; 自高自大: She's been getting a bit above herself since winning her award. 她获奖以来, 渐渐有点骄傲了.progress (beyond sb) 领先（于某人）: She's keen to get ahead in her career. 她热望在事业上出人头地. * By doing extra homework, he soon got ahead of his class-mates. 他靠多做家庭作业, 很快在班上名列前茅.(a) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用于进行时态) leave a place 离开某地: It's time we were getting along. 是我们该走的时候了. (b) = get on(a).(c) = get on (b). get along with sb; get a`long (together) have a harmonious or friendly relationship with sb; get on with sb 与某人合得来; 与某人和睦相处: Do you get along with your boss?/Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗? * We get along just fine. 我们关系很好. get along with sth = get on with sth.(a) = get about. (b) => get about/around/round. get around sb = get round sb. get around sth = get round sth. get around to sth/doing sth = get round to sth/doing sth.(infml 口) (a) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用于进行时态) criticize sb repeatedly; nag sb 不断指责某人; 数落某人: He's always getting at his wife. 他老 是责怪妻子. * She feels she's being got at. 她觉得自己一再受人数落. (b) influence sb, esp unfairly or illegally 对某人施加影响（尤指不公地或不合法地）: One of the witnesses had been got at, eg bribed. 有一证人已被收买. get at sb/sth gain access to sb/sth; reach sb/sth 接近某人[某事物]; 到达某人[某物]处: The files are locked up and I can't get at them. 卷宗锁起来了, 我无法取出. get at sth (a) learn, discover or find out sth 知悉、发现或查明（某事物）: The truth is sometimes difficult to get at. 有时真相不易搞清. (b) (infml 口) (no passive; used only in the continuous tenses and usu in questions 不用于被动语态, 仅用于进行时态, 通常用于疑问句) suggest sth indirectly; imply sth 意指; 暗指: What exactly are you getting at? 你究竟指的是什么意思?have a holiday 去度假: We're hoping to get away for a few days at Easter. 我们盼着复活节休息几天. get away (from...) succeed in leaving a place 得以离开某地: I won't be able to get away (from the office) before 7. 我7时以前离不开（办公室）. get away (from sb/...) escape from sb or a place 逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地）: Two of the prisoners got away (from their captors). 有两个犯人逃走了. get away with sth (a) steal sth and escape with it 偷携某物潜逃: Thieves raided the bank and got away with a lot of money. 盗贼抢劫银行, 掠走了大批现款. (b) receive (a relatively light punishment) 受到（较轻的惩罚）: For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那么严重的过失, 却侥幸只交罚款了事. (c) (also get away with doing sth) (infml 口) not be punished for sth 不因某事受惩罚: If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究. * Nobody gets away with insulting me like that. 这样侮辱我的人, 我是不会放过的.return, esp to one's home 返回; （尤指）回家: What time did you get back last night? 昨晚你是什么时候回来的? * We only got back from our holidays yesterday. 我们昨天才度假回来. get sth back obtain sth again after having lost it; recover sth 失而复得; 重新得到: She's got her old job back. 她已重新获得从前那份工作. * I never lend books; you never get them back. 我的书决不外借, 因为总是有去无回. get back (in) (of a political party) return to power after having lost it （指政党）重新执政: The Democrats hope to get back (in) at the next election. 民主党人希望在下次选举中重新执政. get back at sb (infml 口) take revenge on sb; retaliate against sb （向某人）复仇, 报复: I'll find a way of getting back at him! 我早晚想法报复他! get back to sb speak or write to sb again later, esp in order to give a reply 以後再对某人说或给某人写信（尤指作覆）: I hope to get back to you on the question of costs by next week. 我希望下星期再回答你费用的问题. get back to sth return to sth 回到某事物上: Could we get back to the original question of funding? 我们可以回到最初有关集资的问题上吗?not proceed at the necessary rate; not produce sth at the right time 落後; 误时; 拖延: I'm getting behind (with my work). 我（工作）落後了. * He got behind with his payments for the car. 他拖欠买汽车的车款.be considered good, smart, etc enough; be accepted 好; 行; 过得去; 获得认可: I have no formal clothes for the occasion. Perhaps I can get by in a dark suit? 我没有适合那种场合的礼服, 也许穿深色西服还行吧? * He should just about get by in the exam. 他这次考试应该能勉强及格. get by (on sth) manage to live, survive, etc (using the specified resources); manage; cope （靠某物）勉强维生; 设法维持; 对付: How does she get by on such a small salary? 她靠那么一点儿薪水怎么过活? * He gets by on very little money. 他靠着很少的钱过日子.(of children) leave the table after a meal （指儿童）饭後离桌. get sb `down (infml 口) make sb depressed or demoralized （使某人）沮丧或情绪低落: This wet weather is getting me down. 这种阴湿天气使我打不起精神. * Don't let the incident get you down too much. 别让这事搅得你过于烦恼了. get sth down (a) swallow sth, usu with difficulty 吞咽某物（通常为费力地）: The medicine was so horrible I could hardly get it down. 那药这么难吃, 我好不容易才咽下去. (b) note or record sth; write sth down 记下或录下; 写下: Did you get his telephone number down? 你记下他的电话号码了吗? get down to sth/doing sth begin to do sth; give serious attention to sth; tackle sth 开始做某事; 重视某事物; 认真处理某事: get down to business 开始办正事 * It's time I got down to some serious work. 我该认真干点正事了.(a) (of a train, etc or a passenger) arrive at its destination （指火车等或乘客）到达目的地: The train got in late. 火车到站误点了. * What time does your flight get in? 你乘的班机什么时候到? * When do you normally get in from work? 你平时下班几点到家? get `in; get into sth be elected to a political position 被选任一政治职务: The Tory candidate stands a good chance of getting in. 保守党候选人很有当选可能. * Labour got in (ie won the election) with a small majority. 工党以微弱多数票在选举中获胜. * She first got into Parliament (ie became an MP) in 1959. 她1959年第一次获选进入议会. get (sb) in; get (sb) into sth (cause sb to) be admitted to a school, university, etc, esp after taking an examination （使某人）被接纳入学; （尤指）考取: He took the entrance exam but didn't get in. 他参加了入学考试但未被录取. * She's got into Durham to read law. 她考上达勒姆大学学法律. * She usually gets her best pupils into university. 她教的最好的学生通常都能考上大学. get sb in call sb to one's house to perform a service 请某人到家中服务: We'll have to get a plumber in to mend that burst pipe. 我们得请管子工来修理那根爆裂的管子. get sth in (a) collect or gather sth 收集或收获某物: get the crops, harvest, etc in 收获作物、庄稼等. (b) buy a supply of sth 购某物供陆续使用: get coal in for the winter 买煤以备过冬 * Remember to get in some beers for this evening! 记住为今日的晚会买些啤酒! (c) manage to do or say sth 设法做或说某事: I got in an hour's gardening between the showers. 阵雨间歇时我抽空整理了一小时花园. * She talks so much that it's impossible to get a word in. 她说个没完, 别人休想插话. get in on sth (infml 口) take part in (an activity) 参加（一活动）: She's keen to get in on any discussions about the new project. 她一心想参加有关新计画的讨论. get in with sb (infml 口) (try to) become friendly with sb, esp in order to gain an advantage （极力）对某人亲近; （尤指）拉关系, 讨好: Have you noticed how he's trying to get in with the boss? 你注意到他现在多巴结老板了吗? * He got in with a bad crowd at university. 他在大学里和一帮坏人厮混.(infml 口) (of a feeling) affect, influence or take control of sb （指感情）影响或控制某人: I don't know what's got into him recently; he's become very bad-tempered. 不知道他最近怎么了, 脾气变得坏极了. get into sth (a) put on (a garment), esp with difficulty 穿上（衣服等）（尤指费力地）: I can't get into these shoes; they're too small. 这双鞋太小了, 我穿不进去. (b) start a career in (the specified profession) 开始从事（某职业）: get into accountancy, journalism, publishing, etc 从事会计、新闻、出版等工作. (c) become involved in sth; start sth 参与某事; 开始某事: get into an argument, a conversation, a fight (with sb) （和某人）争论、谈话、斗殴. (d) acquire or develop sth 得到或形成某事物: get into bad habits 染上恶习. (e) become familiar with sth; learn sth 熟悉某事物; 学会某事物: I haven't really got into my new job yet. 我还未真正熟悉新工作. (f) (infml 口) develop a taste or liking for or an interest in sth 产生对某事物的爱好或兴趣: I'm really getting into jazz these days. 近来我喜爱上爵士乐了. * How did she get into (ie start taking) drugs? 她是怎么吸起毒来的? get (oneself/sb) into sth (cause oneself/sb to) pass into or reach (the specified state or condition) （使自己[某人]）进入或达到（某种状态或情形）: get into a fury, rage, temper, etc 愤怒、勃然大怒、发脾气 * He got into trouble with the police while he was still at school. 他还在上学时就惹是生非与警方纠缠了. * She got herself into a real state (ie became very anxious) before the interview. 她还未面试就紧张极了.(a) (also get along) (esp followed by an adv or used in questions after how 後尤接副词或用于疑问句的how之後) perform or fare in a particular situation; make progress 过日子; 进展; 进步: Our youngest son is getting on well at school. 我们的小儿子功课很有进步. * How did you get along in your driving test? 你的驾驶考试进展如何? * How are you getting along these days? ie Is your life enjoyable, successful, etc at the moment? 近来生活如何? (b) be successful in one's life or career 出人头地: Parents are always keen for their children to get on. 父母总是热望子女有出息. * She's ambitious and eager to get on (in the world). 她雄心勃勃, 一心要（在世上）出人头地. (c) (also get along) manage or cope 对付; 应付: I simply can't get along without a secretary. 我没有秘书简直一筹莫展. * We can get on perfectly well without her. 我们没有她也能干得很好. get `on to sb (a) contact sb by telephone or letter （打电话或通信）与某人联系: If you wish to lodge a complaint you'd better get on to the manager. 你有什么不满最好找经理提. (b) become aware of sb's presence or activities; detect or trace sb 意识到某人的存在或活动; 侦查或追踪某人: He had been stealing money from the company for years before the police got on to him. 警方追查到他时, 他偷公司的钱已有多年了. (c) begin to discuss (a new subject) 开始讨论（新课题）: It's time we got on to the question of costs. 我们该讨论费用问题了. get on with sb; get `on (together) have a friendly relationship with sb; get along with sb 与某人关系良好; 与某人和睦相处: She's never really got on with her sister/She and her sister have never really got on. 她和妹妹一向合不来. * They don't get on at all well together/with one another. 他们彼此极不和. * Our new manager is very easy to get on with. 我们的新经理非常随和. get on with sth (a) (also get along with sth) (esp followed by an adv or used in questions after how 後尤接副词或用于疑问句的how之後) make progress with a task 取得进展: How's your son getting on with his French? 你儿子的法语学得好吗? * I'm not getting on very fast with this job. 我这份工作进展不太快. (b) continue doing sth, esp after an interruption继续做某事（尤指中断後）: Be quiet and get on with your work. 安静下来, 继续做你们的工作.become known 泄露: The secret got out. 秘密泄露了. * If the news gets out there'll be trouble. 消息若泄露, 必将有後患. get (sb) out (in cricket) be dismissed or dismiss sb （板球中）出局, 使某人出局: How did Gatting get out? 加廷是怎么出局的? * If England can get Richards out they might win the match. 英格兰队要是能使理查兹出局, 他们就可能赢. get sth out (a) produce or publish sth 生产; 出版: Will we get the new dictionary out by the end of the year? 咱们的新词典能在年底出版吗? (b) say or utter sth with difficulty 勉强说出某事: She managed to get out a few words of thanks. 她勉为其难地说出了几句道谢的话. get out (of sth) leave a place, esp in order to visit places, meet people, etc 出外走动（尤指参观、会友等）: You ought to get out (of the house) more. 你应该多出去走走. * We love to get out into the countryside at weekends. 我们周末爱到郊外去玩儿. get out of sth/doing sth (a) avoid (a responsibility or duty); not do sth that one ought to do 逃避（责任或义务）; 不做分内事: I wish I could get out of (going to) that meeting. 但愿我能不（去）参加那个会议. * Don't you dare try and get out of the washing-up! 你敢逃避洗碗碟! (b) (cause sb to) abandon, lose or give up (a habit, routine, etc) （使某人）放弃、停止或戒除（习惯、常规等）: I can't get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning. 我早上一到六点就醒, 这习惯改不掉了. * Smoking is a habit she can't get out of. 她抽烟成瘾, 戒不掉了. get sth out of sb extract or obtain sth from sb, esp by force 从某人处抽取或获得某物（尤指强迫）: The police have got a confession out of her,  ie have made her confess. 警方逼她招了供. * Just try getting money out of him! ie He is very mean. 你试试看, 叫他掏腰包!  get sth out of sb/sth gain or obtain sth from sb/sth 从某人[某事物]处得到或获得: She seems to get a lot out of life. 她生活似乎十分丰富. * I never get much from his lectures. 我听他的课从未得到过什么教益. * She always gets the best out of people. 她一向善于用人.overcome, surmount or master sth 克服; 战胜; 掌握: She can't get over her shyness. 她克服不掉羞怯感. * I can't get over (ie I'm still amazed by) how much your children have grown. 我一直在想你的孩子竟长这么大了. * I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty. 我认为问题不太难解决. get over sth/sb return to one's usual state of health, happiness, etc after an illness, a shock, the end of a relationship with sb, etc 恢复常态（如病後、受惊之後、结束与某人的某种关系後等）: He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll get over it. 他因没有得到那份工作而大失所望, 不过他能想得开. * He never got over the shock of losing his wife. 他失去妻子後便一蹶不振. * I was still getting over Peter when I met and fell in love with Harry. 我与彼得情思未断之际, 却遇上了哈里又生恋情. get sth over (to sb) make sth clear to sb; communicate sth to sb 向某人讲清某事; 向某人表达某事: She didn't really get her meaning over to her audience. 她并未真正把意思向听众讲清楚. get sth over (with) (infml 口) complete sth unpleasant but necessary 完成或结束必须做的讨厌事: She'll be glad to get the exam over (and done) with. 考试结束後她就高兴了.(infml 口) persuade sb to agree to sth or to do sth which he first opposed 说服某人同意或做其原先反对的事: She knows how to get round her father. 她知道怎么哄她爸爸同意. get round sth (also get around sth) (a) tackle sth successfully; overcome sth 顺利应付某事; 克服某事: Do you see a way of getting round the problem? 你有解决这问题的办法吗? (b) evade or avoid (a law, regulation, etc) without acting illegally; circumvent sth 规避, 回避, 躲避（法律、规则等）（但不违法）: A clever lawyer might find ways of getting round that clause. 高明的律师也许能找到回避那一条款的办法. get round to sth/doing sth (also get around to sth/doing sth) finally do sth after dealing with other matters; find the necessary time to do sth （处理完其他事以後）终于能做某事; 找出时间做某事: I'm very busy at the moment but I hope to get round to answering your letter next week. 我现在很忙, 希望下周能抽出时间给你回信.assemble or collect (people or things) 聚集（人）; 收集（物品）: Rebel leaders hastily tried to get an army together. 叛乱首领急于想纠集起一支军队. * Could you get your things together? We're leaving in five minutes! 你能不能把自己的东西收拾好? 再过五分钟我们就要动身了! get together with sb; get to`gether meet with sb for social purposes or to discuss sth 参加社交聚会; 开会讨论某事: The management should get together with the union/The management and the union should get together to discuss their differences. 劳方与资方应该开会[劳资双方应该开会]讨论彼此间的分歧. * We must get together for a drink some time. 我们得找个时间聚聚喝上一杯.(a) use up or consume (the specified quantity or amount of sth) 用完, 消耗掉（一定量的某物）: She gets through forty cigarettes a day. 她一天抽四十枝香烟. * We got through a fortune while we were on holiday! 我们度假花了一大笔钱! (b) (manage to) do or complete sth （设法）做或完成某事: I've got through a lot of correspondence today. 今天我处理了一大批信件. * Let's start; there's a lot of work to get through/to be got through. 开始吧, 有大批工作要做呢. get (sb) `through (sth) (help sb to) be successful in or pass (an examination, a test, etc) （帮助某人）（考试、测验等）及格: Tom failed but his sister got through. 汤姆不及格, 但他妹妹及格了. * She got all her pupils through French `A' Level. 在她的帮助下, 所有学生的法语高级考试都及 格了. get (sth) `through (sth) (cause sth to) be officially approved or accepted （使某事物）正式通过或被采纳: Do you think the Bill will get through (Parliament)? 你认为那议案（议会）能通过吗? * get a proposal through a committee 使委员会接受一项建议. get `through (to sb) (a) reach (sb) 到达（某人处）: Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don`t get through (to them). 数以千计的难民若得不到这些救济物品, （他们）就要死亡. (b) make contact (with sb), esp by telephone （与某人）联系（尤指通电话）: I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't get through (to you). 昨天我给你打了几次电话, 可是都没（和你）接通. get `through (to sth) (of a player or team) reach the next stage of a competition （指运动队或队员）进入下一阶段比赛: Everton have got through to the final. 埃弗顿队已进入决赛. get `through to sb make sb understand the meaning of what one is saying; communicate with sb 所说的话使某人理解; 与某人沟通: I find her impossible to get through to. 我发觉无法跟她沟通思想. * Try to get through to him that he's wasting his life in that job. 设法让他明白做那种工作是浪费生命. get through with sth finish or complete (a job, task, etc) 完成（工作、任务等）: As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you. 我工作一做完就来找你们.reach the point where one does sth; begin to do sth 开始或着手做某事: He got to thinking that she perhaps wouldn't come after all. 他已意识到也许她根本不来了. `get to sb (infml 口) annoy, anger, or affect sb 使某人恼怒或生气; 影响某人: Her constant nagging is beginning to get to him. 她不停地唠叨惹得他生起气来.(a) stand after sitting, kneeling, etc; rise 站起; 起来: The class got up when the teacher came in. 老师进来时全班起立. * He got up slowly from the armchair. 他慢慢从单人沙发上站起身来. (b) (of the sea or wind) increase in force or strength; become violent （指海浪或风）变猛烈: The wind is getting `up. 风越刮越大了. get (sb) up (cause sb to) get out of bed （使某人）起床: What time do you get up (in the morning)? 你（早上）什么时候起床? * She always gets up early. 她一向早起. * Could you get me up (ie wake me) at 6.30 tomorrow? 你明天早晨6点30分叫醒我好吗? get oneself/sb up(often passive 常用于被动语态) arrange the appearance of sb/sth in the specified way 以某方式打扮某人[某物]: She was got up (ie dressed) as an Indian princess. 把她打扮成了印度公主. get sth up (a) arrange or organize sth 安排或组织某事物: We're getting up a party for her birthday. 我们要给她开生日庆祝会. (b) acquire a knowledge of sth; study sth 获得某事物的知识; 研究某事物: She's busy getting up the American constitution for tomorrow's exam. 她忙着温习美国宪法, 准备明天的考试. get up to sth (a) reach (the specified point) 达到（某程度）: We got up to page 72 last lesson. 上一课我们学到第72页. (b) be occupied or busy with (esp sth surprising or undesirable) 做着或忙于（尤指令人惊奇的或不好的事）: What on earth will he get up to next? 下一步他究竟要耍什么花样? * He's been getting up to his old tricks again! 他又要重施故技了./ˌgetætəbl; ˌˇɛt`ætəbl/ adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) that can be reached; accessible 能达到; 易获得: We've got a spare suitcase but it's not very get-at-able. 我们有个多余的手提箱, 但是不太容易拿出来.n (infml 口) social gathering 聚会; 联欢会: We're having a little get-together to celebrate David's promotion. 我们为戴维的晋升开一个小型庆祝会.n (infml 口) set of clothes, esp an unusual one; costume 一套衣服, 服装（尤指特别的装束）: She wears the most extraordinary get-ups. 她穿着最不寻常的衣裳. * He looked absurd in that get-up. 他穿着那套衣服看上去怪模怪样的.n [U] (infml 口) quality of being energetic and forceful 干劲; 进取精神: She's got lots of get-up-and-go. 她干劲十足.n escape, esp after committing a crime 逃跑（尤指犯罪後）: make one's getaway 逃跑 * [attrib 作定语] a getaway car, ie one used to escape in 逃跑用的汽车./ˈdʒiːəm; `dʒiəm/ n kind of small garden plant with red or yellow flowers 水杨梅（矮小的园艺植物, 开红色或黄色花）.n  1 / 5gaIzEr; `^aIzL/ column of hot water or steam sent up from the ground at intervals, caused by the heating of water deep in the Earth 间歇泉.  2 / 5gi:-zE(r); `^izL/ (Brit) apparatus formerly used for heating large amounts of water (usu by gas) in a kitchen or bathroom （旧时厨房或浴室中通常燃煤气的）热水器.n [U]./ˈgɑːstlɪ; <i>US</i> ˈgæstlɪ; `ˇæstlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing horror or fear 可怕的; 恐怖的: a ghastly accident, experience, fright, murder 可怕的事故、经历、惊吓、谋杀.  2 (infml 口) very bad; distasteful 极坏的; 糟透的; 令人反感的: a ghastly error, mess, mistake, etc 极大的过失、混乱、错误等 * Her hairdo and make-up look positively ghastly! 她的发型和脂粉看上去真令人恶心! * What a ghastly man! 多讨厌的人!  3 [usu pred 通常作表语] ill; upset 有病; 不适; 苦恼: I feel ghastly; I shouldn't have drunk so much! 我觉得很不舒服, 我不该喝那么多! * I felt ghastly about refusing, but I had no alternative. 我觉得要加以拒绝很不是滋味, 但我别无他途.  4 (fml 文) very pale and death-like in appearance 苍白的; 死一般的: You look ghastly; are you all right? 你脸色很难看, 是不舒服了吗? * She had a ghastly pallor. 她脸色苍白难看. * His face was a ghastly white. 他脸色苍白. /gɔːt; ˇɔt/ n  1 (in India) flight of steps leading down to a landing place on a river bank or lakeside （印度的）（河边或湖边供人上下的）台阶.  2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (also burning `ghat) level area at the top of a river ghat on which Hindus cremate their dead 河边火葬地（河边台阶顶部平台, 为印度人火化尸体处）.  3 mountain pass in India （印度的）山隘, 山路./giː; ˇi/ n [U] purified semi-liquid butter used in Indian cooking （印度烹饪用的半流质的）精炼奶油./ˈgɜːkɪn; `ˇɝkɪn/ n small green cucumber for pickling （作泡菜的）小黄瓜./ˈgetəʊ; `ˇɛto/ n (pl ~s)  1 (formerly in some countries) Jewish quarter of a town （旧时某些国家的）城市中的犹太人区.  2 (often derog 常作贬义) area of a town lived in by any minority national or social group, typically crowded and with poor housing conditions 少数民族居住区; 贫民区: the clearance of slum ghettos to make way for new housing developments 为建筑新住宅区而对贫民区的拆除 * a rich people's ghetto, ie an area in a town where rich people live, surrounded by poorer people （贫民区中的）富人区.large and powerful portable radio and cassette player 大功率手提式大型收音录音机.=> ghettoization/ˌgetəʊaɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -əʊɪˈz-;ˌˇɛtoə`zeʃən/ n [U].v [Tn] (derog 贬) put (sb/sth) into a separate limited category, artificially cut off from others 将（某人[某事物]）置于隔离的有限范围内. => ghettoize/gəʊst; ˇost/ n  1 spirit of a dead person appearing to sb who is still living 鬼; 幽灵: The ghost of Lady Margaret is supposed to haunt this chapel. 据说玛格丽特女士的鬼魂常在这个礼拜堂出没. * I don't believe in ghosts, ie don't believe that they exist. 我不相信有鬼. * He looked as if he had seen a ghost, ie looked very frightened. 他那副惊骇的样子就像见到了鬼似的.  2 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) very faint, slight amount or trace of sth 某事物的一点点; 朦胧的痕迹; 隐约的一丝: The ghost of a smile (ie a very faint smile) played round her lips. 她嘴角上露着一丝微笑. * You haven't a ghost of a chance, ie You have no chance. 你毫无机会.  3 faint secondary image on a television screen （电视屏幕 上的）重影, 重像.  4 (idm 习语) give up the `ghost (a) die 死. (b) (joc 谑) fail to work or to make an effort 失效; 不能使用; 不再努力: The car seems to have given up the ghost. 看来这汽车算是报销了. lay a `ghost (a) exorcise an evil spirit 驱除魔鬼: The ghost has been laid and will not return to haunt you again. 那鬼魂已经祛除, 不会再回来缠着你了. (b) (infml 口) finally overcome a previous failure which seemed impossible to recover from 终于洗雪前次似无可挽回的失败: Her gold-medal victory laid the ghost of her shock defeat in the European Championships. 她在欧洲锦标赛中的惨败终因她夺得金牌的胜利而雪耻.

v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sb act as a ghost-writer for sb 给某人捉刀; 为人代笔: He ghosts for a number of sports personalities who `write' newspaper columns. 他给一些为报纸专栏｀写＇文章的体育界名人做捉刀人. * her ghosted memoirs, ie written by someone else 她那由别人代笔的回忆录.story about ghosts, intended to frighten the reader 鬼怪故事.town whose former inhabitants have all left 废弃的城镇.v [I, Ipr, Tn esp passive 尤用于被动语态] ~ sth (for sb) write (material) for sb else and allow him to publish it under his own name 代人写作; 为人捉刀写（材料）: a ghost-written newspaper column 代人捉刀的报纸专栏. n person who does this 捉刀人; 代笔者.n [U]: the ghostliness of the ship's outline 幽灵般的船影./ˈgəʊstlɪ; `ˇostlɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) of or being a ghost; like a ghost in appearance or sound 鬼的; （外貌或声音）像鬼的: a ghostly voice whispering in sb's ear 在某人耳边低语的幽灵般的声音 * ghostly shapes of bats flitting about in the dark 黑暗中蝙蝠飞翔的鬼影./guːl; ˇul/ n  1 (in stories) spirit that robs graves and feeds on the corpses in them （故事中的）盗墓食尸鬼.  2 (derog 贬) person with an unnaturally strong interest in death, disaster and other unpleasant things 以死亡、灾难等恶事为乐的人: these ghouls who come and stare at road accidents 来看交通事故惨状引以为乐的好事者./ˈguːlɪʃ; `ˇulɪʃ/ adj of or like a ghoul; very unpleasant; gruesome 食尸鬼似的; 极为讨厌的; 令人毛骨悚然的: ghoulish behaviour, laughter, stories 凶残的行为、狞笑、恐怖故事./ˌdʒiː eɪtʃ ˈkjuː; ˌdʒi etʃ `kju/ abbr 缩写 = General Headquarters: orders received from GHQ 总司令部发来的命令./ˌdʒiː ˈaɪ; `dʒi`aɪ/ n enlisted soldier of the US army 美国现役陆军士兵.foreign woman who marries a US soldier on duty abroad 美国军人在国外服役时娶的外国女子./ˈdʒaɪənt; `dʒaɪənt/ n  1 (in fairy-tales and myths) person of human shape but enormous size and strength (often cruel and stupid) （童话和神话故事中的）巨人（常为残酷和愚蠢的）.  2 unusually large person, animal, plant, business organization, etc 巨人, 巨物（异常大的动植物、商业组织等）: His son is a giant of 6 feet already. 他的儿子已是6英尺高的大个子了. * He's the giant of (ie the tallest person) the family. 他是家中个子最高的. * What a giant of a tree! 多高大的树哇! * the multinational oil giants 跨国大石油公司 * [attrib 作定语] a giant cabbage 大洋白菜 * a cabbage of giant size 巨大的洋白菜.  3 (fig 比喻) person of unusually great ability or genius 能力或才智超群的伟人: Shakespeare is a giant among poets/the giant of poets. 莎士比亚是诗人中的大文豪.= panda. adj very large; larger than usual 非常大的; 特大的: a giant-sized packet of detergent 特大号包装的洗涤剂./ˈdʒaɪəntes; `dʒaɪəntəs/ n female giant 女巨人./ˈdʒɪbə(r); `dʒɪbɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sth/at sb) (a) (of a monkey or a frightened person) talk quickly or make meaningless sounds （指猴子或受惊吓的人）快速地说或发出无意义的声音: monkeys gibbering at one another in the tree-tops 在树梢上叽哩咕噜乱叫的猴子 * He cowered in the corner, gibbering with terror. 他蜷缩在角落里, 吓得喃喃自语. (b) (derog 贬) talk a lot without seeming to say anything important 说得多而无什意义; 瞎扯: What's he gibbering away about? 他在胡扯些什么? * a gibbering idiot 胡言乱语的白痴./ˈdʒɪbərɪʃ; `dʒɪbərɪʃ/ n [U] meaningless sounds; unintelligible talk; nonsense 无意义的声音; 含混不清的谈话; 胡说: Don't talk gibberish! 别胡扯!/ˈdʒɪbɪt; `dʒɪbɪt/ n  1 (arch 古) gallows 绞刑架; 绞台.  2 upright post with a projecting arm from which in former times the bodies of executed criminals were hung （旧时罪犯受绞刑後吊尸体的）示众架./ˈgɪbən; `ˇɪbən/ n long-armed ape of south-east Asia 长臂猿（产于东南亚）. =>illus at ape 见 ape 插图./dʒaɪb; dʒaɪb/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) jeer at or mock sb/sth; make fun of sb/sth 讥笑、嘲弄、戏弄或取笑某人[某事物]: It's easy enough for you to gibe at them, but could you do any better? 笑话人家很容易, 可是你能做得更好吗?n ~ (about/at sb/sth) taunt; mocking remark; cruel joke 嘲弄; 嘲讽; 挖苦人的笑话: a cruel, malicious, nasty, etc gibe 刻薄的、恶意的、恶毒的...嘲弄 * cheap gibes about her fatness 对她的肥胖所作的粗俗的嘲笑./ˈdʒɪblɪts; `dʒɪblɪts/ n [pl] edible organs (heart, liver, etc) of a bird, taken out and usu cooked separately （禽类可供食用的）内脏, 杂碎（心、肝等）./ˈgɪdɪlɪ; `ˇɪdɪlɪ/ adv: stagger giddily round the room 在房间各处摇摇摆摆地走./ˈgɪdɪnɪs; `ˇɪdɪnɪs/ n [U] giddy feeling 眩晕感; 头晕; 头昏./ˈgɪdɪ; `ˇɪdɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] having the feeling that everything is turning round and that one is going to fall 头晕; 眩晕: I feel giddy; I must sit down. 我觉得头晕, 得坐下来. * have a giddy feeling 有眩晕的感觉 * (fig 比喻) giddy with their first business success 为商业上初次成功而飘飘然. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing such a feeling 令人眩晕的; 头昏眼花的; 头晕的: travel at a giddy speed 以令人目眩的速度行进 * look down from a giddy height 从令人眩晕的高处俯视 * (fig 比喻) Life then was a succession of giddy triumphs, ie exciting but not stable or lasting. 那时的生活可谓人间得意、千红万紫, 盛极一时.  2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated derog 旧, 贬) too fond of excitement and pleasure; not serious 热衷于刺激和欢乐的; 轻浮的; 不严肃的: a giddy girl, who will never settle down to anything serious 永远安不下心来做正经事的轻浮女孩.  3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) (used to add emphasis to certain exclamations 用以加强某些感叹词语的语气): Oh my giddy aunt! 哦, 我的好姑姑! * That really is the giddy limit! 那真是最大限度了!/gɪft; ˇɪft/ n  1 thing given willingly without payment; present 礼物; 赠品: a kind, generous, small, etc gift 使人感到亲切的、慷慨的、小小的...礼物 * a birthday, Christmas, wedding, etc gift 生日、圣诞、结婚等礼品 * a gift to charity 慈善捐赠 * a gift of chocolates, flowers, etc 巧克力、鲜花等礼物.  2 ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural talent or ability 天赋; 禀赋; 才能: I've always been able to learn languages easily; it's a gift. 我学习语言一向是轻而易举, 这是天分. * He has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多艺. * have a gift for music 有音乐天才 * the gift of making friends easily 善于交友的才能 * (ironic 反语) a gift for doing/saying the wrong thing 天生的做错事[说错话]的本事.  3 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) (a) unusually cheap purchase; bargain 便宜货; 合算的交易: At that price it's an absolute gift! 那个价钱, 纯粹是白给! (b) (fig 比喻 ) thing that is very easy or too easy to do 轻而易举的事; 过分容易的事: Their second goal was a real gift. 他们得的第二分真是易如反掌. * That exam question was an absolute gift! 那道试题纯粹是白送分! * It was a gift of a question. 解答那一道题不费吹灰之力. * [attrib 作定语] a gift question 一道白送分的题.  4 (idm 习语) a gift from the `gods advantageous thing that is unearned and unexpected 非劳动所得; 意外所得: To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods. 碰到这样容易的考卷, 那是老天爷的恩赐.  the gift of the `gab (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) the ability to speak fluently and eloquently 口才; 辩才. God's gift to sb/sth => god. in the gift of sb which sb has the right or power to give or grant 由某人授予或准予: a post in the sovereign's gift, ie one which the sovereign has the right to appoint a person to 君主授予的职位. look a gift horse in the `mouth (usu with negatives 通常与否定词连用) refuse or criticize sth that is given to one for nothing 拒受馈赠; 受礼而加挑剔.box or pack specially designed to contain a gift 礼物盒; 礼物包装.=> gift boxshop that specializes in selling articles suitable as gifts 礼品商店.token or voucher that can be exchanged in a shop for goods of a certain value 礼券.=> gift tokenv [Tn usu passive 通常用于被动语态] wrap (an article) in a shop ready for presentation as a gift （商店中）将（某物）包装成礼品状. n [U] special paper, etc used for wrapping a gift 礼物包装纸等./ˈgɪftɪd; `ˇɪftɪd/ adj  1 ~ (at/in sth) having a great deal of natural ability or talent 有天才的; 有天赋的: a gifted artist, pianist, etc 有天赋的艺术家、钢琴家等 * gifted at singing, writing, etc 有唱歌、写作等天资的 * gifted in art, music, etc 有艺术、音乐等天才的.  2 very intelligent or talented 悟性高的; 聪颖的; 天才的: gifted children 聪慧的儿童./gɪg; ˇɪˇ/ n  1 small light two-wheeled carriage pulled by one horse 单马双轮轻便马车.  2 (infml 口) engagement to play jazz or pop music, esp for a single night （爵士乐或流行音乐的）特约演奏（尤指一夜的）./dʒaɪˈgæntɪk; dʒaɪ`ˇæntɪk/ adj of very great size or extent; immense 巨大的; 庞大的: a gigantic person, with a gigantic appetite 胃口极大的大高个儿 * a problem of gigantic proportions 重大的问题 * a gigantic effort, improvement, success, etc 巨大的努力、改进、成功等.  /dʒaɪˈgntɪklɪ; dʒaɪ`ˇæntɪklɪ/ adv: gigantically successful 非常成功的./ˈgɪgl; `ˇɪˇl/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) laugh lightly in a nervous or silly way 咯咯笑; 傻笑: Stop giggling, children; this is a serious matter. 孩子们, 别傻笑了, 这是严肃的事情. * giggling at one of her silly jokes 让她那拙劣的笑话逗得咯咯笑.

n  1 [C] laugh of this kind 咯咯笑; 傻笑: There was a giggle from the back of the class. 从教室後面传来咯咯的笑声.  2 [sing] (thing which provides) amusement 娱乐; 提供娱乐的事物: What a giggle! 多有意思的玩意儿! * Today's lesson was a bit of a giggle. 今天的课真有趣. * I only did it for a giggle. 我做那事只是为了取乐.  3 the giggles [pl] continuous uncontrolled laughter of this kind (esp by young girls) 持续的, 放纵的笑（尤指女孩）: get the giggles 发出咯咯笑声 * She had a fit of the giggles. 她咯咯地笑了一阵.

NOTE ON USAGE 用法:  1 Snigger (US snicker) indicates childish and disrespectful laughing at something regarded as unusual or improper *snigger（美式英语作snicker　指对异常的或不当的事发出幼稚的、不尊重的笑声: What are you sniggering at? Haven't you seen people kissing before? 你们笑什么? 没见过接吻吗?  2 Giggle is also childish. *giggle也指发出幼稚的笑声. It is often uncontrolled (a fit of giggling/(the) giggles) and is either in response to something silly or a nervous reaction 这一词常指失去控制的笑（a fit of giggling/  (the) giggles一阵傻笑）, 或因无聊琐事引起或为神经质的反应: The children couldn't stop giggling at the teacher's high-pitched voice. 教师的嗓音很高, 孩子们都不禁咯咯地笑起来. *  She giggled nervously when the judges congratulated her on her costume. 评判员赞赏她的服装, 她神经质地笑了起来. /ˈgɪglɪ; `ˇɪˇlɪ/ adj (often derog 常作贬义)  1 inclined to giggle 爱傻笑的: a giggly schoolgirl 爱傻笑的女学生.  2 having the sound or quality of giggling 咯咯笑的; 傻笑的: giggly laughter 咯咯的笑声./ˈʒɪgələʊ; `ʒɪˇəˌlo/ n (pl ~s)  1 professional male dancing partner who may be hired by wealthy women 舞男; （有钱女子雇的）男舞伴.  2 (derog 贬) paid male companion or lover of a wealthy older woman （有钱的年长妇女雇的）男伴或情人./gɪld; ˇɪld/ v [Tn]  1 cover (sth) with gold-leaf(3) or gold-coloured paint 覆金箔于（某物）; 涂金色于（某物）: gild a picture-frame 给画框涂上金色.  2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) make (sth) bright as if with gold 使（某物）如金子般生光: white walls of houses gilded by the morning sun 金色晨光照耀下的房子的白墙.  3 (idm 习语) gild the `lily try to improve what is already satisfactory 给百合花贴金（尽力改进本已合意的事物）. gild the `pill make (sth) unpleasant but necessary seem attractive 苦药裹糖衣（将讨厌的但必要的事物弄得吸引人）.adj [attrib 作定语] wealthy and of the upper-classes 富有的; 上层阶级的: the gilded youth (ie young people) of the Edwardian era 爱德华时代的富贵年轻人./ˈgɪldə(r); `ˇɪldɚ/ n person who gilds things 金饰工人./ˈgɪldɪŋ; `ˇɪldɪŋ/ n [U]  1 applying of gilt to sth 在某物上覆金箔或涂金色.  2 material with which things are gilded; surface made by such material 饰金用的或金色的材料; 金饰或金色的表面./gɪl; ˇɪl/ n (usu pl 通常作复数)  1 opening on the side of a fish's head through which it breathes 鳃. =>illus at fish 见fish插图.  2 any of the thin vertical sheets on the underside of a mushroom （蘑菇的）菌褶. =>illus at fungus 见fungus插图.  3 (infml joc 口, 谑) area of skin under a person's ears and jaw （人的）腮: be/go green/white about the gills, ie look pale with fear or sickness 脸色发青[苍白]（受惊吓或因病）.

/dʒɪl; dʒɪl/ n one quarter of a pint (liquid measure) 及耳（液量单位, 合四分之一品脱）. =>App 5 见附录5./ˈgɪlɪ; `ˇɪlɪ/ n man or boy attending sb shooting or fishing for sport in Scotland （苏格兰）伺候渔猎运动者的仆人或男孩./gɪlt; ˇɪlt/ n  1 [U] gold (or sth resembling gold) applied to a surface in a thin layer （覆于物体表面的）薄层的金（或似金的物质）: [attrib 作定语] a gilt brooch 镀金胸针.  2 gilts [pl] (finance 财) gilt-edged securities 金边证券.  3 (idm 习语) take the gilt off the `gingerbread do or be sth which makes a situation or achievement less attractive or worthwhile （做出）使情况或成就失色的事物.adj (finance 财) not risky; secure 金边的; 保险的; 安全的: gilt-edged securities/shares/stock, ie investments that are considered safe and sure to produce interest 金边证券[股份/股票]（可靠、安全、确保获利的）./ˈdʒɪmblz; `dʒɪmblz/ n [pl] pivoting device for keeping instruments (eg a compass) horizontal in a moving ship, etc 平衡环, 水平环（使仪表, 如罗盘, 保持水平位置的仪器）./ˈdʒɪmkræk; `dʒɪmˌkræk/ adj [attrib 作定语] worthless; flimsy; badly made 无价值的; 不结实的; 粗制滥造的: gimcrack ornaments 劣质的饰物./ˈgɪmlɪt; `ˇɪmlɪt/ n small T-shaped tool for boring a screw hole in a piece of wood 螺丝锥; 木钻; 手钻: (fig 比喻) eyes like gimlets, ie sharp eyes which seem to penetrate with their look 锐利如锥的目光./ˈgɪmɪk; `ˇɪmɪk/ n (often derog 常作贬义) unusual, amusing, etc thing whose only purpose is to attract attention, and which has little or no value or importance of its own （为引人注意而无甚价值或不重要的）异常的或有趣的事物; 小玩意儿; 花招: a promotional/publicity/sales gimmick 推销的[宣传的/兜售的]噱头 * a flashy expensive car with all sorts of gimmicks like self-winding windows 装置有各式小革新如自动升降窗的豪华昂贵汽车./ˈgɪmɪkrɪ; `ˇɪmɪkrɪ/ n [U] (derog 贬) (use of) gimmicks 花招; 小玩意儿: There is too much advertising gimmickry. 广告花招太多了./ˈgɪmɪkɪ; `ˇɪmɪkɪ/ adj./dʒɪn; dʒɪn/ n  1 trap or snare for catching animals （诱捕动物的）陷阱, 圈套.  2 (also cotton gin) machine for separating raw cotton from its seeds 轧棉机; 轧花机.

/dʒɪn; dʒɪn/ n [U, C] colourless alcoholic drink distilled from grain or malt and flavoured with juniper berries, often used in cocktails 杜松子洒: pink gin, ie with angostura 苦味杜松子酒（加安古苦味汁的） * I'll have a gin and tonic, ie with tonic water. 我要一杯掺奎宁水的杜松子酒.type of rummy (a card-game) for two players 金兰姆（一种双人牌戏）./ˈdʒɪndʒə(r); `dʒɪndʒɚ/ n [U]  1 (plant with a) hot-tasting spicy root used as a flavouring 姜: crystallized ginger 糖姜 * ground, root, stem ginger 姜粉、姜丝、蜜饯姜.  2 liveliness; spirit; energy 活力; 精神; 精力: The football team needs a bit more ginger in it. 这支足球队需要些活力.  3 light reddish-yellow colour 姜黄色: His hair was a bright shade of ginger. 他的头发带一点姜黄色.

adj  1 [attrib 作定语] flavoured with ginger 姜味的: ginger cake 姜汁饼.  2 of the colour ginger 姜黄色的: ginger hair, whiskers, eyebrows, etc 姜黄色的头发、络腮胡子、眉毛等 * a ginger cat 姜黄色的猫.

v (phr v) ginger sb/sth up make sb/sth more vigorous or lively 使某人[某事物]有活力、活跃或有生气: Some dancing would ginger up the party. 跳跳舞就可以使聚会活跃起来. * The Prime Minister appointed some new ministers to ginger up her administration. 首相任命一些新大臣以增强她现届政府的活力.group within a larger group (esp in a political party) urging a more active or livelier policy 活跃的或激进的集团（尤指政党中的）.ns [U] types of non-alcoholic fizzy drink flavoured with ginger 姜味汽水.=> ginger-alens types of ginger-flavoured biscuit 姜味薄脆饼.=> ginger-nutn [U]  1 ginger-flavoured treacle cake or biscuit 姜味饼.  2 (idm 习语) take the gilt off the gingerbread => gilt./ˈdʒɪndʒəlɪ; `dʒɪndʒɚlɪ/ adv with great care and caution to avoid causing harm or making a noise 极谨慎地（以免造成伤害或发出声响）: Gingerly he opened the door of the rat's cage. 他小心翼翼地打开鼠笼的门.

adj cautious 小心翼翼的; 轻手轻脚的: She sat down in a gingerly manner. 她轻轻地坐下./ˈdʒɪndʒərɪ; `dʒɪndʒərɪ/ adj (somewhat) like ginger （有点）似姜的; 姜味的: a gingery flavour 姜味 * a gingery colour 姜黄色./ˈgɪŋəm; `ˇɪŋəm/ n [U] cotton or linen cloth with a striped or check pattern 条纹的或方格的棉布或亚麻布: [attrib 作定语] a gingham dress 方格连衣裙./ˌdʒɪndʒɪˈvaɪtɪs; ˌdʒɪndʒə`vaɪtəs/ n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the gums 龈炎./ˈdʒɪnseŋ; `dʒɪnsɛŋ/ n [U] (plant with a) sweet-smelling root used esp in alternative medicine 人参; 西洋参.= gypsy./dʒɪˈrɑːf; <i>US</i> dʒəˈræf; dʒə`ræf/ n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 giraffes) African animal with a very long neck and legs and dark patches on its coat 长颈鹿（产于非洲）./gɜːd; ˇɝd/ v (pt, pp girded or  girt/ g\:t; ^[t/)  1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (arch 古) surround sth 围绕某物: Trees girded the dark lake. 树木环绕着那阴暗的湖. * a sea-girt island 四面环海的岛.  2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (arch 古) clothe sb 给某人穿衣; 供某人以衣服: He girded himself with armour for the battle. 他穿好铠甲准备战斗.  3 (idm 习语) gird (up) one's `loins (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) prepare for action 准备行动.  4 (phr v) gird sth on (arch 古) fasten sth on, esp with a belt 将某物束紧, 扎住, 缠好（尤指用带子）: He girded on his sword. 他系上宝剑./ˈgɜːdə(r); `ˇɝdɚ/ n long strong iron or steel beam used for building bridges and the framework of large buildings （桥梁和大建筑物的）主梁, 大梁./ˈgɜːdl; `ˇɝdl/ n  1 cord or belt fastened round the waist to keep clothes in position 腰带.  2 (rhet 修辞) thing that surrounds sth else 围绕物: a girdle of green fields round a town 城镇四周绿色的田野.  3 (anatomy 解) connected ring of bones in the body 带; 环状骨: the pelvic girdle 骨盆带.  4 (dated 旧) corset 束腹紧身衣.

v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about/around) (with sth) (rhet 修辞) surround sth 围绕某事物: a village girdled with green fields 绿色田野环绕的村庄 * an island girdled about by deep blue water 蓝色的深水域环绕着的岛.

/ˈgɜːdl; `ˇɝdl/ n (Scot 苏格兰) = griddle./gɜːl; ˇɝl/ n  1 [C] (a) female child 女孩; 姑娘: a baby girl 女婴 * a little girl of six (years old) 六岁女童 * Good morning, girls and boys! 孩子们, 早上好! (b) daughter 女儿: Their eldest girl's getting married. 他们的长女就要结婚了.  2 [C] (a) young, usu unmarried, woman 年轻女子（通常指未婚者）: a girl in her teens or early twenties 十几岁或二十岁出头的姑娘 * He was eighteen before he started going out with girls. 他十八岁才开始交女朋友. (b) woman of the specified type 某种类型的女人: She's the new girl in the office, so give her any help she needs. 她是办公室的新人, 她有什么需要就多帮帮忙. * the old girl who owns the sweet shop 这家糖果店的女掌柜 * I'm a career girl, ie I concentrate on my career rather than getting married, etc. 我是事业心强的女人（注重事业而不思结婚等）.  3 [C] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) female worker 女工作人员: an office-girl, a shop-girl, a telephone-girl, etc.  4 (man's) girl-friend （男子的）女朋友: taking his girl home to meet his parents 带女朋友回家见父母.  5 girls [pl] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) (used for addressing a group of women of any age, by market-salesman, popular entertainers, etc 市场推销员、受欢迎的演员等用以称呼任何年龄的妇女).  6 the girls [pl] female friends of any age （任何年龄的）女性朋友: a night out with the girls 与女朋友外出的夜晚.young woman with a wide range of office duties 办公室中任多种职责的年轻女助理.member of an organization for girls (equivalent to the Boy Scouts) which aims to develop practical skills, self-reliance and helpfulness 女童子军. Cf 参看 scout2.=> Girl Guiden female companion, esp a man's regular (and possibly sexual) partner （男子的）女朋友, 情人./ˈgɜːlhʊd; `ˇɝlhᴜd/ n [U] state or time of being a girl 少女时期: She spent her girlhood in Africa. 她的少女时代是在非洲度过的. * [attrib 作定语] my girlhood ambitions 我在少女时代的抱负./ˈgɜːlɪ; `ˇɝlɪ/ adj [attrib 作定语] (often derog 常作贬义) containing erotic pictures of young women 有年轻女子的色情图片的: girlie magazines, calendars, etc 有美女艳照的杂志、日历等./ˈgɜːlɪʃ; `ˇɝlɪʃ/ adj of, for or like a young girl 女孩子的; 少女的; 为少女的; 少女般的: girlish games, behaviour, laughter 女孩子的游戏、举止、笑声. /ˈgɜːlɪʃlɪ; `ˇɝlɪʃlɪ/ adv./ˈdʒaɪrəʊ; `dʒaɪro/ n (pl ~s) (commerce 商)  1 [U, C] system for transferring money directly from one bank account or post-office account to another （银行或邮局间的）直接转帐制度: Money has been credited to your account by bank giro. 钱已由银行直接转帐入你的帐户. * I'll pay by giro, ie using the giro system. 我用直接转帐支付. * The British Post Office giro system is called the National Giro/Girobank. 英国邮局直接转帐制度称为全国邮政通汇转帐制. * [attrib 作定语] a (bank) giro credit, payment, transfer, etc （银行）直接转帐贷项、直接转帐付款、直接转帐 * a giro account, ie a special account for paying through the giro system 直接转帐帐户 * a giro cheque, ie for use with a giro account 直接转帐支票.  2 [C] (Brit) giro cheque, esp one issued by the government to pay social security benefit 直接转帐支票（尤指政府支付社会保障金的）: My giro hasn't arrived this week. 我的直接转帐支票这星期还未汇到.pt, pp of gird./gɜːθ; ˇɝθ/ n  1 [U, C] (a) distance round sth of approximately cylindrical shape （近似圆柱体的）围长: a tree 1 metre in girth/with a girth of 1 metres 干围1米[1　 米]. (b) waist measurement of a person （人的）腰围, 腰身: His girth is 1 metres. 他的腰身为1米. * a man of enormous girth 腰围粗大的男子.  2 [C] (US cinch) leather or cloth band or strap fastened tightly round the body of a horse, etc to keep the saddle in place （马等的）肚带, 腰带./dʒɪst; dʒɪst/ n the gist [sing] main point or general meaning (of sth spoken or written) 主旨; 要点; 大意: get (ie understand) the gist of an argument, a conversation, a book 理解一场辩论、一次谈话、一部书的主旨./gɪv; ˇɪv/ v (pt gave / geIv; ^ev/, pp given / 5gIvn;`^IvEn/)

* CAUSING SOMEBODY OR SOMETHING TO HAVE OR RECEIVE 给予  1 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to receive, hold, have or own sth 给某人某物: I gave each of the boys an apple. 我给男孩每人一个苹果. * I gave an apple to each of the boys. 我给每个男孩一个苹果. * Each of the boys was given an apple. 给了每个男孩一个苹果. * An apple was given to each of the boys. 每个男孩都得到一个苹果. * She gave her mother the tickets/gave the tickets to her mother to look after. 她把票交给母亲保管. * Can I give you (ie Would you like) another slice of cake? 要不要再来一块蛋糕? * She was given a new heart (ie had a heart transplant) in an eight-hour operation. 经八小时的手术给她移植了一颗新的心脏. * He gave the old lady his arm (ie allowed the old lady to lean on his arm) as they crossed the road. 他让老太太挽着他的胳膊过马路. * I've just been given a 2000 pay rise. 我刚获得2000英镑的加薪.  2 (a) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to have sth as a present 送给某人某礼物: What are you giving (to) your brother for his birthday? 你弟弟生日你打算送他什么? * I'm giving all my friends books for Christmas. 我在圣诞节要向所有的朋友赠书. * Have you given the waiter a tip? 你给侍者小费了吗? (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) to sth contribute (money) to sth, esp a charity 捐赠（钱财）（尤指给慈善事业）: Handicapped children need your help  please give generously. 残疾儿童需要您的帮助--请慷慨解囊. * Please give generously to famine relief. 请为饥荒账款慷慨捐赠. * Many people regularly give money to charity. 很多人经常为慈善事业捐款.  3 [Dn.n] allow (sb/sth) to have sth 允许（某人[某事物]）有某事物: They gave me a week to make up my mind. 他们允许我有一周的时间作决定. * (infml 口) I give their marriage six months at the very most.  ie I think that it will last only six months. 我认为他们的婚姻顶多能维持半年. * She wishes that she'd been given the chance to go to university. 她想以前要是有机会上大学就好了. * She wants a job that gives her more responsibility. 她想得到一份责任更大的工作. * What gives you the right to tell me what to do? 你有什么权力指使我做事?  4 [Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb) sth for sth pay (the specified amount of money) to (sb) in order to have sth 付给（某人）（某钱数）购买某物: Do you mean to tell me you gave 1500 for that pile of scrap metal! 难道说你花了1500英镑买了那堆破铜烂铁! * How much will you give me for my old car? 你肯出多少钱买我那辆旧车?  5 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) cause (sb) to have sth; provide or supply (sb) with sth 使（某人）有某事物; 供给或供应（某人）某事物: The sun gives (us) warmth and light. 太阳供给我们光和热. * You may be called to give evidence at the trial. 法庭可能传你去作证. * She gives private lessons to supplement her income. 她给私人授课以贴补收入. * She gave me a lift as far as the station. 她让我坐她的车顺便送我到车站. * He gives the impression of not caring a damn. 他给人的印象是满不在乎. * Could you give me your honest opinion of the book? 你对这书有何意见可否直率提出? * What gave you the idea that I didn't like you? 你怎么以为我不喜欢你呢? * They gave the name Roland to their first child. 他们给自己的第一个孩子起名为罗兰.  6 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth devote (time, thought, etc) to sb/sth 将（时间、思想等）用于某人[某事物]: I've given the matter a lot of thought/given a lot of thought to the matter. 我对这事已反覆思考过. * The government should give top priority to rebuilding the inner cities. 政府应该优先重建城内旧中心区.

* CAUSING SOMEBODY TO SUFFER 使遭受  7 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to undergo (the specified punishment, esp a period of time in prison) 使某人承受（某种惩罚, 尤指监禁）: The judge gave him a nine-month suspended sentence. 法官判处他9个月监禁, 缓期执行. * The headmaster gave the boys a scolding. 校长训斥了那些男生.  8 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb infect sb with (an illness) 传染给某人（疾病）: You've given me your cold/given your cold to me. 你把感冒传染给我了.

* COMMUNICATING 传达  9 [Dn.n] (used in the imperative 用于祈使句) offer (sth) to sb as an excuse or explanation 向某人提出（某事）作为藉口或解释: Don't give me that rubbish about having a headache; I know you don't want to go to the party. 别跟我扯什么头痛来当藉口, 我知道你不想赴会.  10 [Dn.n] make (a telephone call) to sb 给某人打（电话）: I'll give you a ring tomorrow. 明天我给你打电话.  11 [Dn.n] admit the truth of (sth) to sb; grant 向某人承认（某事）属实; 同意: This government has a good record on inflation, I give you that, but what is it doing about unemployment? 政府抑制通胀有方, 此话不假, 可是对失业问题又怎么处理呢?

* PERFORMING OR PROVIDING 表现、表演或举办  12 [Tn] perform or present (a play, concert, etc) in public 表演或演出（戏剧、音乐会等）: give a poetry reading, a song recital, etc 表演诗朗诵、举行独唱会 * How many performances of the play are you giving? 这剧你们要演多少场? * The play was given its first performance in June 1923. 这剧于19236月首次公演. * The Prime Minister will be giving a press conference tomorrow morning. 首相明日上午举行记者招待会.  13 [Tn] provide (a meal, party, etc) as a host 作东道主举办（宴会、聚会等）: I'm giving a dinner party next Friday evening; would you like to come? 下星期五晚上我举行宴会, 您肯赏光吗?  14 [Tn] carry out or perform (an action) 做（某动作）: She gave a shrug of her shoulders. 她耸了耸肩膀. * He gave a start and woke up suddenly. 他突然惊醒.  15 [Dn.n] perform (the specified action) on (sb/sth) 对（某人[某物]）施（某动作）: give sb a kick, push, shove, etc 踢某人一脚、推某人一把、挤某人一下 * give sb a punch on the nose 在某人鼻子上打一拳 * She gave him a kiss. 她吻了他一下. * Do give your shoes a polish before you go out. 出门前把皮鞋擦亮.

* UTTERING OR DECLARING 出声或宣布  16 [Tn] utter (the specified sound) 发出（某声音）: give a groan, laugh, sigh, yell, etc 发出一声呻吟、笑一笑、叹一口气、大喊一声 * He gave a strangled cry and fell to the floor. 他发出一声受扼的叫喊, 随即倒在地板上.  17 [Dn.n] (used in the imperative 用于祈使句) ask (people) to drink a toast to (sb) 请（大家）为（某人）乾杯: Ladies and gentlemen, I give you his Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales. 女士们, 先生们, 请为威尔士亲王殿下乾杯.  18 [Cn.a] (esp of a referee, an umpire, etc in sport) declare that (sb/sth) is in the specified condition or position （尤指体育运动的裁判等）宣布, 判: The umpire gave the batsman out (leg before wicket). 裁判裁定击球员（用腿截球违例）出局.

* OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义  19 [Dn.n] produce (the specified feeling) in (sb) 使（某人）产生（某感觉）: All that heavy lifting has given me a pain in the back. 我一直抬那些重东西, 现在腰都痛了. * Why don't you go for a walk? It'll give you an appetite for your lunch. 你怎么不出去散散步? 散散步午饭时就有食欲了.  20 [I] bend or stretch under pressure 在压力下弯曲或伸长: The branch began to give under his weight. 他身体的重量把树枝压弯了. * (fig 比喻) Unless one side gives, the strike could go on until Christmas. 除非有一方让步, 否则罢工很可能继续到圣诞节.  21 (combines with a n in many fixed expressions, where give and the n together have the same meaning as a v related in form to the n 与名词结合构成give + n形式的许多固定词组, 具有与该名词相应的动词同样的词义, 如 give sb a surprise = surprise sb): Let me give you a piece of advice, ie advise you. 我给你提个建议吧. * Her acting has given pleasure to (ie pleased) millions (of people). 她的表演给千百万人带来娱乐享受. * The news gave us rather a shock, ie rather shocked us. 这消息使我们颇为震惊. * I trust that you can give an explanation for (ie explain) your extraordinary behaviour? 我认为你一定能对自己的不寻常行为作出解释吧? * We will give you all the help (ie help you in every way) we can. 我们一定尽力帮助你. (For other similar expressions, see entries for the ns 其他类似固定词组见有关名词词条, 如 give one's approval to sth => approval; give one's permission => permission.)  22 (idm 习语) sb doesn't/couldn't give a damn, a hoot, etc (about sb/sth) (infml 口) sb does not care at all (about sb/sth) 某人（对某人[某事物]）满不在乎, 无所谓: He couldn't give a damn whether he passes the exam or not. 他对考试及格与否满不在乎. ,give and `take be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 相互容让: For a marriage to succeed, both partners must learn to give and take. 要使婚姻美满, 双方必须懂得互相迁就. `give it to sb (infml 口) attack, criticize or rebuke sb severely 猛烈攻击、批评或驳斥某人: The boss will really give it to you if you miss the deadline for the job. 要是到期完不成工作, 老板就要给你点厉害. give me sth/sb (infml 口) (used to show that one prefers the thing or person specified to sth/sb mentioned previously 用以表示宁取某事物或某人, 而不取先提及的某事物[某人]): I can't stand modern music; give me Bach and Mozart every time! ie I shall always prefer Bach and Mozart. 我受不了现代音乐, 还是喜欢巴赫和莫扎特的作品!  give or take sth the specified amount, time, etc more or less （数量、时间等）或多或少: `How long will it take us to get to Oxford?' `About an hour and a half, give or take a few minutes.' ｀到牛津要多久?＇｀大约一个半小时, 上下差不了几分钟.＇ give sb to believe/understand (that)... (often passive 常用于被动语态); (fml 文) cause sb to believe/understand sth 使某人相信[明白]某事物: I was given to understand that she was ill. 我获悉她生病了. What `gives? (infml 口) What is happening? 出什么事了? (For other idioms containing give, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与give搭配的其他习语见有关名词、形容词等的词条, 如 give ground => ground1; give rise to sth => rise1.) 23 (phr v) give sb away (in a marriage ceremony) lead the bride to the bridegroom and `give' her to him （婚礼中）将新娘交与新郎: The bride was given away by her father. 由父亲把新娘交与新郎. give sth away (a) give sth free of charge 免费送出某物; 赠送: He gave away most of his money to charity. 他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了. * (infml 口) These watches are only a pound each; we're almost giving them away! 这些手表每块只卖一英镑, 我们差不多等于白送! (b) distribute or present sth 分发或赠与某物: The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 市长在学校运动会上颁发奖品. (c) not use or take (a chance, an opportunity, etc) through carelessness 由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机、机会等）: They gave away their last chance of winning the match. 他们坐失赢得比赛的最後机会. give sth/sb away reveal sth/sb intentionally or unintentionally; betray sth/sb 有意或无意地泄露某事物或出卖某人: She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她将国家机密泄露给敌人了. * His broad Liverpool accent gave him away, ie revealed who he really was. 他那很重的利物浦口音把他自己暴露了.

/gɪv; ˇɪv/ n  1 [U] quality of bending or stretching under pressure; elasticity 延展性; 弹性; 弹力: This rope has too much give in it. 这条绳子弹性太大. * Don't worry if the shoes seem a bit tight at first; the leather has plenty of give in it. 这鞋刚穿时要是有点紧没关系, 这种皮子很有延展性.  2 (idm 习语) ,give and `take (a) willingness to be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 互相忍让; 互相迁就: If the dispute is to be resolved there must be some give and take. 若要争执获得解决, 双方就要互相让步. * [attrib 作定语] Marriage is a give-and-take affair. 婚姻是互谅互让的事. (b) exchange 交换: the lively give and take of ideas, ie willingness to make concessions or compromises 活跃的思想交流（乐于迁就或妥协）.have a view of sth; lead directly to sth 有某物的景致; 朝向某物: The bedroom windows give on to the street. 卧室的窗户面向街道. * This door gives on to the hall. 这门是通往大堂的.(a) come to an end; be exhausted 用完; 消耗尽; 精疲力竭: After a month their food supplies gave out. 过了一个月, 他们的食物已消耗殆尽. * Her patience finally gave out. 她终于失去了耐性. (b) (of an engine, a motor, etc) stop working; break down （指发动机等）停止运转, 停机, 出故障: One of the plane's engines gave out in mid-Atlantic. 飞机在大西洋中部飞行时, 其中一个发动机出了故障. give sth out (a) distribute or hand out sth 分发或散发某物: The teacher gave out the examination papers. 教师发了考卷. (b) send out or emit sth 送出或发出某物: The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. 散热器释放出很多热量. (c) (often passive 常用于被动语态) announce or broadcast sth 宣布或广播某事: The news of the President's death was given out in a radio broadcast. 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了. * It was given out that the President had been shot. 据称总统受到枪击.(infml 口) (used esp in the imperative or with a verb in the -ing form 尤用于祈使句或与动词ing形式连用) stop doing sth 停止做某事: Give over, can't you? I can't work with you chattering away like that. 到此为止吧, 行吗? 你这样聊下去我就没法工作了. * Give over complaining! 别发牢骚了! give oneself over to sth sink into (the specified state); devote oneself completely to sth 沉溺于（某种状态）; 完全献身于某事物: After his wife's death, he seemed to give himself over to despair. 他妻子死後, 似乎万念俱灰. * In her later years she gave herself over to writing full-time. 她晚年专事写作. give sth over to sth (usu passive 通常用于被动语态) use sth specifically for sth 专为某事而使用某物: The village hall is given over to civic functions and meetings. 村子的礼堂专作举行庆典和会议之用. * The period after supper was given over to games. 晚饭後是游戏时间.(a) return sth to its owner 将某事物归还原主: Could you give me back my pen/give me my pen back? 你把我那枝笔还给我好吗? (b) allow sb to have or enjoy sth again 使某人恢复或享受某事物: The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 他手术後双腿恢复了功能.exchange or sacrifice (much) for sth 交换某事物; （多）作出牺牲以换取某事物: I`d give a lot for the chance to go to India. 我宁可多作牺牲也要争取到去印度的机会.(fml or joc 文或谑) produce or emit sth 产生或发出某物: The engine gave forth a grinding noise, then stopped. 发动机发出一阵轧轧声, 随即停了下来.hand over sth to sb who is authorized to receive it 将某事物呈交给某人: Please give your examination papers in (to the teacher) when you've finished. 考卷答完後请上交（给老师）. give `in (to sb/sth) allow oneself to be defeated or overcome (by sb/sth) （向某人[某事物]）屈服, 让步, 投降: The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱者被迫投降. * She's a gutsy player, she never gives in. 她是个勇敢的选手, 从不屈服. * The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象.send out or emit sth 送出或发出某物: The cooker is giving off a funny smell. 锅里冒出一股怪味. * This fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat. 这炉火好像不大热.abandon an attempt to do sth 放弃做某事的尝试: They gave up without a fight. 他们不战而降. * She doesn't give up easily. 她做任何事都不轻易放弃. * I give up; tell me what the answer is. 我认输, 告诉我答案吧. give sb up (a) no longer hope for or expect the arrival or recovery of sb 对某人的到来、康复或寻回不再抱希望或不再期待: There you are at last! We'd given you up. 你终于来了! 我们还以为你不来呢! * The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery. 医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望, 而她却恢复得很好. (b) stop having a relationship with sb 与某人断绝关系: Why don't you give him up? 你怎么不和他一刀两断呢? give sth up stop doing or having sth; renounce sth 停止做某事; 放弃持有某物; 宣布放弃某事物: You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year. 你应该戒烟, 我去年就戒掉了. * She didn't give up her job when she got married. 她未因结婚而放弃工作. give oneself/sb up (to sb) no longer avoid or protect oneself/sb from being captured; surrender 投案; 自首; 出首; 投降: After a week on the run he gave himself up (to the police). 他经过一周的逃亡以後（向警方）投案了. give sth up (to sb) hand sth over to sb else 将某物交与他人: He had to give his passport up to the authorities. 他得把护照交给当局. * He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman, ie stood up to allow her to sit down. 他把座位让给一个孕妇. give up on sb (infml 口) no longer believe that sb is going to be successful; lose hope in sb 不再相信某人会成功; 对某人失望.n (infml 口)  1 thing that is given to sb without charge 赠品.  2 look, remark, etc that unintentionally reveals a secret 无意中泄露秘密的表情、言语等: The expression on her face was a (dead) give-away. 她脸上的表情（完全）暴露了她的秘密./ˈgɪvn; `ˇɪvən/ adj  1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] specified or stated 所述的; 确定的; 规定的: all the people in a given area 某地区内所有的人 * They were to meet at a given time and place. 他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤.  2 (idm 习语) be given to sth/doing sth be in the habit of doing sth 有做某事的习惯: She's much given to outbursts of temper. 她老爱发脾气. * He's given to going for long walks on his own. 他习惯于独自散步走很长的路.

prep taking (sth) into account 考虑到（某事物）: Given the government's record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. 鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳, 他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大. * Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业.(esp US) = Christian name (Christian). =>Usage at name1 用法见name1./ˈgɪvə(r); `ˇɪvɚ/ n one who gives 给与者; 施赠者: a cheerful, generous, regular giver 快乐的、慷慨的、经常性的捐赠者./ˈgɪzəd; `ˇɪzɚd/ n  1 pouchlike part in which a bird grinds up food before digesting it in its stomach （鸟的）砂囊, 胗.  2 (idm 习语) stick in one's craw/gizzard/throat => stick2./ˈglæseɪ; <i>US</i> glæˈseɪ; ˇlæ`se/ adj [attrib 作定语] (of fruits) preserved in sugar （指水果）糖渍的, 蜜饯的./ˈgleɪsɪəl; <i>US</i> ˈgleɪʃl; `ˇleʃəl/ adj  1 (geology 地质) (a) of the Ice Age 冰期的; 冰川期的; 冰河时代的; 冰河期的: the glacial era/epoch/period, ie the time when much of the northern hemisphere was covered by ice 冰期（亦称｀冰川期＇、｀冰河时代＇或｀冰河期＇）. (b) caused by glaciers 冰川造成的: glacial deposits, ie rocks deposited by a moving glacier 冰川沉积 * glacial flow, ie movement of a glacier 冰川运动.  2 very cold; like ice 寒冷的; 冰冷的: glacial winds, temperatures, etc 寒风、低温 * the glacial waters of the Arctic 北极寒冷的水域.  3 (fig 比喻) icy in manner; showing no sign of human emotion 冷若冰霜的; 不流露情感的: a glacial smile, manner, silence 冷冷的微笑、举止、沉默 * glacial indifference, politeness 冷漠、冷淡的礼貌. adv./ˌgleɪsɪˈeɪʃn; ˌˇlesɪ`eʃən/ n [U] (geology 地质) covering with glaciers or sheets of ice 冰蚀: the effects of glaciation 冰川作用./ˈglæsɪə(r); `ˇleʃɚ/ n mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, moving slowly down a valley 冰川; 冰河./glæd; ˇlæd/ adj (-dder, -ddest)  1 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (about sth/to do sth/that...) pleased; delighted 高兴; 喜悦: `I passed the test.' `I'm so glad!'｀我考试及格了.＇｀我真高兴!＇ * I'm glad about your passing the test. 你考及格了, 我很高兴. * I'm glad to hear he's feeling better. 听说他身体好些了, 我很高兴. * I'm glad he's feeling better. 他身体好些了, 我很高兴. (b) ~ (about/of sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) relieved 令人宽慰; 使人安心: I'm so glad I didn't agree to do it; it would have got me into serious trouble. 幸而我没同意做那事, 要不然惹的麻烦就大了. (c) ~ of sth grateful for sth 为某事而感激: I'd be glad of (ie I'd like) your help/a cup of tea. 你若能帮忙[给我一杯茶]本人十分感激. (d) ~ to do sth willing and eager to do sth 愿意并热切要做某事: I'd be glad to lend you the money. 我很乐意借给你钱. * If you'd like me to help you, I'd be only too glad to. 若要我帮忙, 我十分乐意相助.  2 [attrib 作定语] (a) causing or bringing joy 令人高兴的; 给人带来喜悦的: glad news/tidings 好消息[喜讯] * a glad day, moment, etc 令人高兴的日子、时刻等. (b) (rhet 修辞) expressing joy 快乐的; 欣喜的: the children's glad laughter 儿童们快乐的笑声.  3 (idm 习语) I would be glad if... (ironic 反语) (used instead of a direct command 用作间接命令): I'd be glad if you would go away! ie Go away! 你要是能走开, 我感激不尽. `glad rags (infml 口) clothes for a festive occasion 庆祝场合穿的衣服: put on one's glad rags 穿上节日盛装.v [Tn] (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) greet (sb) enthusiastically but often insincerely 热情欢迎（某人）（但常为假意）./ˈglædn; `ˇlædn/ v [Tn] make (sb) glad or happy 使（某人）高兴或快乐: gladden sb's heart, ie make sb feel happy 使某人心花怒放./gleɪd; ˇled/ n open space in a forest; clearing 森林中的空地./ˈglædɪeɪtə(r); `ˇlædɪˌetɚ/ n (in ancient Rome) man trained to fight with weapons at public shows in an arena （古罗马）（在竞技场用武器作打斗表演的）斗士./ˌglædɪəˈtɔːrɪəl; ˌˇlædɪə`tɔrɪəl/ adj of gladiators 斗士的: a gladiatorial combat, show, etc 斗士的格斗、表演等./ˌglædɪˈəʊləs; ˌˇlædɪ`oləs/ n (pl -li / -laI; -laI/ or  ~es) plant with long thin pointed leaves and spikes of brightly-coloured flowers 唐菖蒲属植物（叶长而尖, 花朵鲜艳）.adv  1 happily; gratefully 快乐地; 欣然: She suggested it, and I gladly accepted. 那是她提出的建议, 我欣然接受了.  2 willingly 乐意地; 情愿地: I wouldn't gladly go through that unpleasant experience again. 我再也不愿领教那种令人不快的经历.  3 (idm 习语) not/never suffer fools gladly => suffer.n [U] joy; happiness 高兴; 快乐; 欢乐./-səm; -səm/ adj (arch 古) joyful 高兴的; 快乐的.=> glamorization=> glamorize/ˌglæməraɪˈzeɪʃn; <i>US</i> -rɪˈz-;ˌglæmərɪ`zeʃən/ n [U]./-məraɪz; -məraɪz/ v [Tn] make (sth) seem more attractive or exciting than it really is 使（某事物）比其实际更吸引人或更激动人心: Television tends to glamorize acts of violence. 电视往往渲染暴力. /-mərəs; -mərəs/ adj full of glamour 富有魅力的; 美丽动人的: glamorous film stars 富有魅力的影星. adv: glamorously dressed 穿着美丽动人./ˈglæmə(r); `ˇlæmɚ/ n [U]  1 attractive or exciting quality which sb/sth has, and which seems out of reach to others （某人[某事物]独特的）魅力, 吸引力: Now that she's an air hostess, foreign travel has lost its glamour for her. 她当上了空中小姐, 到国外旅行对她已失去吸引力. * hopeful young actors and actresses dazzled by the glamour of Hollywood 在好莱坞电影业光怪陆离的诱惑之下有前途的年轻演员.  2 attractive beauty, usu with sex appeal 迷人的美（通常指性感的）: a girl with lots of glamour 性感迷人的女郎 * [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) a glamour girl/boy 迷人的女郎[小伙子]./glɑːns; <i>US</i> glæns; ˇlæns/ v  1 [Ipr] take a quick look 瞥一眼; 看一下: She glanced shyly at him and then lowered her eyes. 她羞怯地偷看了他一下, 随即垂下眼帘. * glance at one's watch 看一下手表 * glance round a room 环视一下房间 * I glanced up to see who had comein. 我抬头瞥了一眼看是谁进来了.  2 [Ipr] ~ at/down/over/through sth read sth quickly or superficially 迅速地或草草地读: glance at the newspapers 浏览报纸 * glance down a list of names 匆匆看一名单 * glance over/through a letter 草草读一信.  3 [Ipr] ~ at sth (fig 比喻) deal with sth in a superficial way; refer briefly to sth 草草处理某事; 简略提及某事: a book, an article, etc that only glances at a problem, question, topic, etc 仅仅简略提及某问题、疑难、题目等的书、文章等.  4 [Tn, Tn.pr] (in cricket) deflect (the ball) with the bat （板球中）将（球）击偏: glance the ball down to fine leg 将球击偏斜飞至击球员左後方场地.  5 [I] (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用于进行时态) (of bright objects) flash （指光亮物体）闪烁, 闪耀: glancing lights 闪烁的灯光 * water glancing in the sunlight 在阳光下闪闪生光的水面.  6 (idm 习语) glance one's eye down/over/through sth (infml 口) take a very quick, superficial look at sth 匆匆或草草看某物一眼: glance one's eye over the newspaper 浏览一下报纸.  7 (phr v) glance off (sth) (of sth that strikes) be deflected off (sth) （指击打之物）被弹离（某物）: The ball glanced off the goal post into the net. 球撞到球门柱上斜飞入网. * The tree was so hard that the blows of the axe simply glanced off. 那树硬得劈不动, 简直把斧子震得滑向一边.

n  1 ~ (at sb/sth) quick look 一瞥: take/have/cast a glance at the newspaper headlines 看一眼[浏览/瞥一眼]报纸的大标题 * We exchanged glances, ie looked quickly at each other. 我们迅速地互相打量了一下. * a brief, casual, fleeting, furtive, timid glance 短促的、不经意的、一闪即逝的、偷偷的、怯生生的一瞥 * She walked off without a glance in my direction. 她扬长而去, 都不朝我这儿看一眼. * (fig 比喻) Before the end of the programme, let's take a glance at (ie refer briefly to) the sports news. 在节目结束之前, 让我们简要谈谈体育新闻.  2 (idm 习语) at a (single) `glance with one look 看一眼: He could tell at a glance what was wrong with the car. 他一眼就能看出汽车有什么毛病. at first glance/sight when seen or examined (often quickly) for the first time 乍看之下: At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很容易解决. * They fell in love at first sight. 他们一见锺情./ˈglɑːnsɪŋ; `ˇlænsɪŋ/ adj [attrib 作定语] that is deflected rather than striking with full force （未正面击中）偏斜的: strike sb a glancing blow 给某人一击而打偏./glænd; ˇlænd/ n (anatomy 解) organ that separates from the blood those substances that are to be used by or removed from the body 腺: a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺 * sweat glands 汗腺 * suffer from swollen glands, eg the salivary glands in the throat 患腺体肿胀（如咽部的唾液腺） * have an overactive/underactive adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, etc gland 肾上腺、垂体腺、甲状腺等机能亢进[减退]./ˈglændjʊlə(r); <i>US</i> -dʒʊ-; `ˇlændʒəlɚ/ adj of, like or involving a gland or glands 腺的; 似腺的; 与腺有关的. glandular fever infectious disease causing swelling of the lymph glands 腺热./gleə(r); ˇlɛr/ n  1 [U] strong unpleasant dazzling light 耀眼的光: avoid the glare of the sun, of car headlights, etc 避开耀眼的阳光、汽车前灯的强光.  2 [C] angry or fierce look; fixed look 怒视; 恶狠狠的注视; 凝视: give sb a hostile glare 含敌意地注视某人.  3 (idm 习语) the ,glare of pu`blicity constant attention from newspapers, television, etc 经常在报纸、电视等上报道的; 受公众注目: The hearings were conducted in the full glare of publicity. 那审讯是在公众密切关注下进行的.

/gleə(r); ˇlɛr/ v  1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) shine with a dazzling, unpleasant light 发出眩目而令人不快的强光: The searchlights glared, illuminating the prison yard. 探照灯发出强光, 照亮监狱场地. * the sun glaring (down) mercilessly from a clear sky 透过晴空太阳正毒.  2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) stare angrily or fiercely 怒目而视; 恶狠狠地盯视: He didn't shout or swear, but just glared silently at me. 他不喊不骂, 只是默默地怒视着我.  3 (idm 习语) glare defiance at sb/sth stare at sb/sth with angry defiance 愤怒而轻蔑地瞪着某人[某物]./ˈgleərɪŋ; ˇlɛrɪŋ/ adj  1 dazzling 令人目眩的: glaring lights 耀眼的灯光.  2 angry; fierce 生气的; 凶狠的: glaring eyes 怒目.  3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) that cannot or should not be ignored; gross 不能或不应忽视的; 明显的: a glaring abuse, error, injustice,omission 明显的滥用、错误、不公、疏漏. adv./ˈglæznɒst; `ˇlæznast/ n [U] (Russian 俄) (inthe former Soviet Union) greater openness and frankness in public affairs （前苏联）（在公众事务上较大的）公开, 开放./glɑːs; <i>US</i> glæs; ˇlæs/ n  1 [U] hard brittle, usu transparent, substance (as used in windows) 玻璃: cut oneself on broken glass 让碎玻璃割伤 * reinforced, toughened, frosted glass 强化、韧化、磨砂玻璃 * a sheet/pane of glass 一块[面]玻璃 * as smooth as glass 如玻璃般平滑 * [attrib 作定语] glass jars, ie made of glass 广口玻璃瓶 * a glass factory, ie where glass is made 玻璃制造厂.  2 [C] (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) drinking vessel made of glass 玻璃杯: a beer, brandy, sherry, whisky, etc glass 啤酒、白兰地酒、雪利酒、威士忌酒等的酒杯 * a wineglass 葡萄酒杯. =>illus 见插图. (b) contents of this 玻璃杯中所盛之物: Could I have a glass of water, please? 请给我来杯水, 可以吗?  3 [U] vessels and articles made of glass 玻璃器皿: All our glass and china is kept in the cupboard. 我们所有的玻璃和陶瓷器皿都放在柜橱里. * several areas under glass, ie covered with glasshouses or glass-filled frames for growing plants 玻璃温室里的几处地方.  4 [sing] protecting cover made of glass in a watch-case, picture or photo frame, fire alarm, etc 玻璃保护面（如表蒙子、图画或照片的镜框、火灾警报器的保护罩等）: In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button. 遇到紧急情况时, 击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮.  5 glasses (also spectacles, infml 口语亦作 specs) [pl] pair of lenses in a frame that rests on the nose and ears (used to help a person's eyesight or protect the eyes from bright sunlight) 眼镜: She wears glasses. 她戴眼镜. * a new pair of glasses 一副新眼镜 * dark, strong, reading, long-distance, etc glasses 墨镜、度数大的眼镜、花镜、近视镜 * [attrib 作定语] Where's my glasses case? 我的眼镜盒在哪儿呢? =>illus 见插图.  6 glasses (also `field-glasses) [pl] binoculars for outdoor use （户外用的双筒的）望远镜.  7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] mirror; looking-glass 镜子: He looked in the glass to check that his tie was straight. 他对着镜子看领带是否系正.  8 the glass [sing] barometer 气压计; 晴雨表: The glass (ie atmospheric pressure) is falling. 气压在下降.  9 (idm 习语) raise one's glass to sb => raise.

v (phr v) glass sth in/over cover sth with (a roof or wall of) glass 给某物加玻璃（的罩、顶或壁）: a glassed-in veranda 镶玻璃的阳台.= fibreglass (fibre).n worker who blows molten glass to shape it into bottles, etc 玻璃吹制工./-fʊl; -ˌfᴜl/ n as much as a drinking-glass will hold 一玻璃杯的量.n  1 (a) building with glass sides and roof, for growing plants; greenhouse 温室. (b) (Brit infml 口) military prison 军人监狱.  2 (idm 习语) people in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones => people.adv. n [U]./-weə(r); -ˌwɛr/ n [U] articles made of glass 玻璃制品; 玻璃器皿.n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [sing or pl v] factory where glass is manufactured 玻璃制造厂./ˈglɑːsɪ; `ˇlæsɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest)  1 like glass 像玻璃的: a glassy sea, ie smooth and shiny 光滑如镜的海面 * Be careful of the icy pavement; it's really glassy, ie slippery. 小心人行道上有冰, 路面可真滑.  2 (fig 比喻) with no expression; lifeless 无表情的; 无生气的: glassy eyes 神情呆滞的眼睛 * a glassy look/stare 木然的样子[呆视]. adj: a ,glassy-eyed `look, `stare, etc 眼神呆滞的样子、凝视等./glɔːˈkəʊmə; ˇlɔ`komə/ n [U] eye disease causing gradual loss of sight 青光眼; 绿内障./gleɪz; ˇlez/ v  1 [Tn] fit sheets or panes of glass into (sth) 装玻璃于（某物）; 给（某物）镶嵌玻璃: glaze a window, house, etc 给窗户、房子等安装玻璃.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (with sth); ~ sth (over) cover sth with a thin shiny transparent surface 给某物覆上薄而亮的透明表面: glazed pottery, porcelain, bricks, etc, ie covered with a liquid which when baked gives a hard glass-like surface 上釉的陶器、瓷器、砖等 * Glaze the pie with beaten egg. 在馅饼上涂上打匀的蛋液使表面发亮.  3 (phr v) glaze over (of the eyes) become dull and lifeless （指眼睛）变呆滞, 变得无生气: After six glasses of vodka his eyes glazed over and he remembered nothing more. 他喝了六杯伏特加之後, 眼神发呆, 什么都再也记不住了.

n [C, U] (a) (substances used to give a) thin shiny transparent surface to pottery, porcelain, etc 釉: The vase was sold cheaply because of a fault in the glaze. 那花瓶因釉面有残已廉价售出. (b) (beaten egg, sugar, etc used to give a) shiny attractive surface to a pie, flan, etc （在馅饼等上面涂的）蛋液、糖液等或（因而生成的）光面.adj dull and lifeless, esp with expressionless eyes 呆滞无神的; （尤指）无眼神的: the glazed faces/expressions of the survivors 生还者木然呆滞的面孔[表情] * eyes glazed with boredom 厌倦无神的眼睛./ˈgleɪzɪə(r); <i>US</i> -ʒər; `ˇleʒɚ/ n person who fits glass into the frames of windows, etc 装玻璃的工人./ˌdʒiː el ˈsiː; ˌdʒi ɛl `si/ abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (formerly) Greater London Council （旧时）大伦敦市政会./gliːm; ˇlim/ n  1 (a) [C] brief appearance of light 闪光: A few faint gleams of sunshine lit up the gloomy afternoon. 有几束隐约的阳光使阴暗的下午有些明亮. * the sudden gleam of a match in the darkness 黑暗中突然出现擦亮火柴的闪光. (b) [sing] soft diffused light, usu reflected 柔弱散漫的光; （通常指）反光: the gleam of moonlight on the water 水面上泛漾的月光 * the gleam of polished brassware in the firelight 因炉火的光照在擦亮的铜器上而产生的反光.  2 [sing] (fig 比喻) brief show of some quality or emotion （某种品质或情感的）闪现, 表露: a serious book with an occasional gleam of humour 偶有幽默片段的严肃的书 * a gleam of hope in an apparently hopeless situation 在看来绝望时闪现的一线希望 * a man with a dangerous gleam in his eye, ie with a threatening look 眼露凶光的男子.  3 (idm 习语) a gleam in sb's eye (infml 口) person or thing that is expected at some time in the future but is thought about with pleasure or desire 令人向往的人或事物: The plans for the new town hall were then still only a gleam in the architect's eye. 当时有关新市政大厅的计画还仅仅是那建筑师酝酿中的意念.

v  1 [I, Ipr] shine softly 发出柔和的光: He had polished the table-top until it gleamed. 他把桌面擦得很亮. * moonlight gleaming on the water 在水面上泛漾的月光 * water gleaming in the moonlight 在月光下反射微光的水面 * a cat's eyes gleaming in the dark 在黑暗中闪烁的猫眼 * (fig 比喻) anticipation, excitement, etc gleaming in their eyes 在他们眼睛里流露着期待、激动等的神情.  2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (fig 比喻) (of the face or eyes) show the specified emotion （指面部或眼睛）表露某种情感: eyes gleaming with anticipation, excitement,etc 流露着期待、激动等神情的眼睛. /gliːmɪŋ;ˇlimɪŋ/ adj: gleaming white teeth 晶莹皓齿./gliːn; ˇlin/ v  1 [I, Tn] gather (grain left in a field by harvest workers) 拾（收割者落在地里的谷物）.  2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (fig 比喻) obtain (news, facts, information, etc) usu from various sources, in small quantities and with effort 搜集（消息、资料、情报等）（通常指来源广、零碎而费力）: glean a few bits of information from overhearing various conversations 从旁边听到的谈话中搜集点滴信息 * From what people said, I managed to glean that he wasn't coming. 我从别人说话中总算弄清楚他不来了.n person who gleans 拾谷人; 搜集消息资料、情报等的人.n [pl] (usu fig 通常作比喻) gleaned items 收集到的零星事物: a gossip column put together with a few gleanings from cocktail-party conversations 鸡尾酒会闲话拾零专栏./gliː; ˇli/ n  1 [U] ~ (at sth) feeling of great delight which makes one (want to) laugh, caused by sth good experienced by oneself, or sth bad that happens to sb else 欣喜; 幸灾乐祸: The children laughed with glee at the clown's antics. 孩子们让小丑的滑稽动作逗得哈哈大笑. * He rubbed his hands with glee at the prospect of their defeat. 他眼看着他们行将失败, 快乐得直搓手. * She couldn't disguise her glee at their discomfiture. 他们受挫, 她不禁喜形于色.  2 [C] song for three or four voices singing different parts in harmony （三部或四部的）重唱歌曲: [attrib 作定语] a glee club, ie a group of people who sing such songs 合唱团./-fl; -fəl/ adj full of glee; joyous 欣喜的; 快乐的; 欢喜的: gleeful faces, laughter 快乐的面孔、笑声. /-fəlɪ; -fəlɪ/ adv./glen; ˇlɛn/ n narrow valley, esp in Scotland or Ireland 狭谷, 幽谷（尤指苏格兰或爱尔兰的）./glɪb; ˇlɪb/ adj (-bber, -bbest) (derog 贬) speaking or spoken fluently and without hesitation, but not sincerely or trustworthily 能说会道的; 油嘴滑舌的: a glib talker, salesman, etc 油嘴滑舌的谈话者、推销员等 * a glib remark, speech, etc 八面锋的言语、演说等 * glib arguments, excuses, etc 诡辩的论据、藉口等 * have a glib tongue 有巧舌如簧的嘴. adv. n [U]./glaɪd; ˇlaɪd/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]  1 move along smoothly and continuously 滑行; 滑动; 滑翔: So graceful was the ballerina that she just seemed to glide. 那芭蕾舞女演员翩跹起舞, 宛如滑翔. * skiers gliding across the snow 穿越雪地滑行的滑雪人 * a snake gliding along the ground 在地上蜿蜒滑行的蛇 * Silently the boat glided past. 那船悄然滑行而过. * She glided by unnoticed. 她悄悄地溜过. * (fig 比喻) The days just glided by. 时光悄悄地流逝.  2 fly without engine power (either in a glider or in an aeroplane with engine failure) （滑翔机或飞机发动机有故障时）滑行, 滑翔: The pilot managed to glide down to a safe landing. 驾驶员设法使飞机滑行下降安全着陆.

n (a) [sing] gliding movement 滑行; 滑动; 滑翔: the graceful glide of a skater 滑冰者优美的滑行动作. (b) [C] (phonetics 语音) gradual change of a speech sound made by moving (esp) the tongue from one position to another 音渡; 过渡音: a palatal glide 颚音的音渡./ˈglaɪdə(r); `ˇlaɪdɚ/ n light aircraft that is used for gliding 滑翔机.n [U] sport of flying in gliders 滑翔运动. Cf 参看 hang-gliding (hang)./ˈglɪmə(r); `ˇlɪmɚ/ v [I] send out a weak unsteady light 发出微弱的闪光: lights (faintly) glimmering in the distance 远方明灭不定的（微弱）灯光.

n  1 weak faint unsteady light 微弱的闪光: a glimmer of light through the mist 透过薄雾隐约闪现的微光.  2 (fig 比喻) small sign (of sth) （某事物的）隐约的迹象: a glimmer of hope 一线希望 * not the least glimmer of intelligence 一点智慧也没有./ˈglɪmərɪŋ; `ˇlɪmərɪŋ/ n glimmer 微光; 迹象: We begin to see the glimmerings of a solution to the problem. 我们开始看到问题可望解决的迹象./glɪmps; ˇlɪmps/ n  1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (at sth) short look 一瞥; 一看: a quick glimpse at the newspaper headlines 对报纸大标题匆匆的看一遍 * One glimpse at himself in the mirror was enough. 让他照着镜子瞧上自己一眼就够了.  2 (idm 习语) catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth => catch1.

v [Tn] get a quick look at (sb/sth) 匆匆看一下（某人[某物]）: glimpse someone between the half-drawn curtains 从半掩的窗帘夹缝中瞥见某人./glɪnt; ˇlɪnt/ v [I]  1 give out small, bright flashes of light 闪闪发光: She thought the diamond was lost until she saw something glinting on the carpet. 她以为那颗钻石已丢失, 後来看见地毯上有东西闪闪发光遂失而复得.  2 (of sb's eyes) sparkle and indicate a particular emotion （指某人的眼睛）闪现某种神色: eyes glinting with mischief 流露出调皮神色的眼睛.

n  1 flash of light, esp as reflected from a hard shiny surface 光泽; （尤指光亮硬物的）反光: His eye caught the glint of a revolver among the bushes. 他一眼看到灌木丛中有手枪的反光.  2 sparkle in sb's eye indicating a particular emotion （眼神里某种情感的）闪露, 闪现: a glint of anger 愤怒的目光 * He had a wicked glint in his eye, ie suggesting mischievousness. 他的眼里闪现着调皮的神情. * before you were a glint in your father's eye, ie before you were conceived 还没有你的时候（你还未成胎儿时）./glɪˈseɪd; <i>US</i> -ˈsɑːd; ˇlɪ`sɑd/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]  1 (in mountaineering) slide on the feet down a steep slope of ice or snow (usu with the support of an ice-axe) （登山运动中）从覆有冰雪的陡坡上滑下（通常用破冰斧支撑）.  2 (in ballet) make a sliding step （芭蕾舞中）作滑步动作.

n such a slide or step 滑步./glɪˈsændəʊ; ˇlɪ`sɑndo/ n (pl -di / -di:;-di/ or ~s) (music 音) (in playing an instrument or singing) effect of sliding quickly up or down a scale, without separating the notes （演奏或演唱中）滑奏, 滑唱: a series of glittering glissandi on the piano 钢琴演奏中一系列明快的滑奏./ˈglɪsn; `ˇlɪsn/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (esp of wet or polished surfaces) shine brightly; sparkle （尤指潮湿的或光洁的物体表面）闪闪发光, 发亮, 闪耀: dew-drops glistening in the grass 草丛中晶莹的露珠 * grass glistening with dew-drops 有晶莹露珠的草 * eyes, faces, bodies, etc glistening with tears, sweat, oil 晶莹的泪眼、汗珠闪闪的面孔、油光发亮的身体./ˈglɪtə(r); `ˇlɪ`tɚ/ v  1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) shine brightly with little sharp flashes of light; sparkle 闪烁; 闪耀; 闪光: stars glittering in the frosty sky 寒空中闪烁的星星 * a necklace glittering with diamonds 闪闪生辉的钻石项链.  2 (idm 习语) ,all that ,glitters is not `gold (saying 谚) what looks good